WO2023052063A1 - Verfahren zur überwachung von bearbeitungsprozessen in einer bearbeitungsmaschine sowie bearbeitungsmaschinen - Google Patents
Verfahren zur überwachung von bearbeitungsprozessen in einer bearbeitungsmaschine sowie bearbeitungsmaschinen Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023052063A1 WO2023052063A1 PCT/EP2022/074844 EP2022074844W WO2023052063A1 WO 2023052063 A1 WO2023052063 A1 WO 2023052063A1 EP 2022074844 W EP2022074844 W EP 2022074844W WO 2023052063 A1 WO2023052063 A1 WO 2023052063A1
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- wear
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- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 43
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 9
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- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003698 laser cutting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
- G05B19/406—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by monitoring or safety
- G05B19/4065—Monitoring tool breakage, life or condition
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/37—Measurements
- G05B2219/37252—Life of tool, service life, decay, wear estimation
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for monitoring machining processes in a machining center and a machining machine for carrying out machining processes in which, in particular, plate-shaped workpieces are machined with a machining tool.
- DE 10 2019 123 838 A1 discloses a method for monitoring a work clamping device installed in a work spindle.
- a clamping force of the work spindle built into the tool clamping device is generated by a spring arrangement which exerts a force in the direction of the clamping position on an actuating element which causes clamping or loosening of a tool or tool holder.
- the spring force and the path of the actuating element are continuously measured and each recorded as a function of time.
- At least one parameter that is characteristic of the state of the tool clamping device is determined from these functions. From the spring force and the displacement as a function of time, a spring characteristic can be determined in the form of the spring force as a function of the displacement, the evaluation of which can provide information about a number of characteristic parameters.
- a monitoring system for tool wear is known from KR 2005 0115153 A in order to increase the effectiveness of machining, in particular in the case of automation. Wear of the tool is recorded in relation to the cutting force. Due to the increasing wear, an increasing cutting force is required, as is shown in a force-displacement diagram from a linearly increasing characteristic curve recorded from the measured values.
- US 2020/0089191 A1 discloses a method for monitoring tool wear in a machine tool. This method first summarizes the step of defining the tolerance range of the wear in which Tool. Subsequently, data of the cutting tool from typical machining areas are recorded, for example by recording a cutting force as a function of time. The coefficients of the characteristic curves are then determined from the values of the machine areas and compared with currently recorded data in order to determine the wear as a function of the tolerance range.
- the invention is based on the object of proposing a method for monitoring machining processes in a machine tool and a machine tool, so that consistent quality is made possible when machining workpieces.
- a method for monitoring machining processes in a machine tool in which a preferably plate-shaped workpiece is machined with a machining tool, which comprises an upper and lower tool, during the machining processes, in which time-synchronous process signals are transmitted during the respective machining process
- Sensors of the processing machine are recorded in a control device, in which the process signals determined as a function of time during the processing operation are converted by a transformation into characteristic curves with a force-displacement curve, which are recorded in a force-displacement diagram independent of time and at which is determined from the course of the characteristic curves in the force-displacement diagram of the wear of the machining tool and/or the material of the plate-shaped workpiece.
- the aforementioned control device can be provided in the processing machine or outside of the processing machine.
- the control device is also understood to mean that signals and/or recorded values are exchanged with a cloud network or the evaluation takes place in the cloud network or similar networks.
- elastic path components of a machine frame of the processing machine can be detected by sensors, such as path and/or acceleration sensors. These elastic path components from the processing tool and the machine frame lead to extended distances in the lifting movement of the processing tool in the processing machine, which result with an increasing process force due to elastic deformations in the machine frame to which force is applied or from machine parts and the processing tools that are subjected to force. Furthermore, it is preferably provided that, in order to eliminate the signal variances, a deviation in the path components of the upper and/or lower tool as a result of successive working cycles in repetitive machining processes is detected. Such time drifts or
- the additionally determined path components are subsequently evaluated by a regression function and an initial path of the upper and/or lower tool is determined.
- This initial path is determined from a position shift of the upper and/or lower tool as a result of an increasing process force of the machine tool and a subsequent subtraction or addition from the measured path of the lifting movement of the tools.
- the process signals eliminated by the signal variances are converted into characteristic curves with a force-displacement curve in the force-displacement diagram by the transformation time-independently, the initial path of the machining tool relative to the workpiece to be machined being used as a basis .
- the elastic path components of the machine frame can be represented by an analytical model of the machine and tool components.
- a lifting force is measured by at least one sensor, in particular a force sensor, of the machine tool and a lifting movement of the upper and/or lower tool by at least one sensor, in particular a displacement sensor, and by at least one Acceleration sensor, the path portions of the machine frame and the machining tool are recorded as a function of time for the respective machining process and from the process signals eliminated by the signal variances by transformation, characteristic curves with the force-displacement curve are recorded in the force-displacement diagram for determining tool wear .
- wear states of the machining tool are determined from the comparison of a reference force-displacement curve with the machining tool without wear and the at least one force-displacement curve determined by the machining process determined.
- the increasing wear of the machining tool can be monitored at any time during the machining process and a statement can also be made about the quality of the workpiece produced.
- a classification for the wear conditions is preferably defined jointly or separately for the upper and lower tools and the detected wear conditions are compared with the classification stored in the control device. This allows continuous monitoring of the increasing wear during processing, which can also be recorded for quality control.
- the control device outputs a signal for a tool change if the detected wear of the upper and/or lower tool is outside of a predefined classification that still meets the minimum requirements for the machining quality.
- an acoustic signal for the respective machining process is detected by at least one sound sensor and converted into a frequency range by a Fourier transformation and then a comparison with reference values is carried out based on the amplitudes in the frequency ranges.
- the Reference values are also based on amplitudes in the frequency domain. This comparison serves to verify a statement from the characteristic curves from a force-displacement curve.
- a cut surface quality is monitored that is determined from a direct correlation to the wear of the machining tool.
- a machining tool for a cutting process, for example for a punch or a punch die, there is a change in the course of the cut surface in the workpiece or workpiece part. This allows the cutting surface quality to be assessed as a function of tool wear.
- the object on which the invention is based is also achieved by a processing machine which is provided for processing workpieces, in particular panel-shaped workpieces.
- This processing machine comprises a processing tool with an upper tool, which can be moved along a lifting axis with a lifting drive device in the direction of a workpiece to be processed with the upper tool and in the opposite direction, and can preferably be positioned along an upper positioning axis running perpendicular to the lifting axis, and a motorized drive arrangement has, through which the upper tool can be moved along the upper positioning axis.
- the processing tool comprises a lower tool, which is aligned with the upper tool and is preferably movable along a lower lifting axis with a lifting drive device in the direction of the upper tool and in the opposite direction and can be positioned along a lower positioning axis, which is aligned perpendicular to the lifting axis of the upper tool, and in particular can be moved along the lower positioning axis with a motorized drive arrangement.
- the motorized drive arrangements for moving the upper and lower tools can be controlled by a control device which is connected to the processing machine.
- the machine tool according to one of the above embodiments can be controlled by the control device to monitor the machining processes for machining the workpiece.
- Such processing machines can preferably be used for autonomous production. By detecting the status of the processing machine, the quality of the workpiece to be manufactured can be monitored during the entire autonomous production.
- Figure 1 is a perspective view of a processing machine
- FIG 2 is a perspective view of an alternative processing machine to Figure 1,
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic side view of an upper tool and lower tool of a machining tool
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic side view of an upper tool and lower tool of a machining tool of an alternative machining tool to FIG. 3,
- FIG. 5 shows a diagram with time-synchronous process signals detected by the processing machine
- FIG. 6 shows a path-time diagram of a cutting process in a workpiece with the processing machine
- FIG. 7 shows a force-time diagram of the workpiece processed by the cutting process according to FIG. 6,
- FIG. 8 shows a displacement-time diagram of an upper tool of the machining tool with an elastic machine part of the machining tool
- FIG. 9 shows a path-time diagram of a punch path of the upper tool without an elastic machine part of the processing machine
- FIG. 10 shows a force-displacement curve of process signals according to FIG. 9 in a force-displacement diagram
- FIG. 11 shows a force-displacement diagram with several characteristic curves for detecting wear of the machining tool
- FIG. 12 shows a schematically enlarged sectional view of a cutting edge of the upper tool and the lower tool without wear and with wear according to FIG. 3,
- FIG. 13 shows a schematic sectional view of a stamping operation with an upper tool and lower tool without wear
- FIG. 14 shows a schematic sectional view of a stamping operation with an upper tool and a lower tool with wear.
- FIG. 1 A processing machine 1 is shown in FIG. 1, which is designed, for example, as a stamping press.
- This processing machine 1 comprises a support structure with a closed machine frame 2. This comprises two horizontal frame members 3, 4 and two vertical frame members 5 and 6.
- the machine frame 2 encloses a frame interior 7 which defines the working area of the processing machine 1 with an upper tool 11 and a lower tool 9 forms.
- the processing machine 1 is used for processing plate-shaped workpieces 10, which are not shown in FIG. 1 for the sake of simplicity, and can be arranged in the interior space 7 of the frame for processing purposes.
- a workpiece 10 to be machined is placed on a workpiece support 8 provided in the interior space 7 of the frame.
- the lower tool 9 is mounted, for example in the form of a stamping die, on the lower horizontal frame piece 4 of the machine frame 2.
- This punching die can be provided with a die opening.
- the upper tool 11 which is designed as a punch, plunges into the die opening of the lower tool designed as a punching die.
- a processing tool of the processing machine 1 comprises an upper tool 11 and a lower tool 9.
- the upper tool 11 and lower tool 9 can also be used as a punch and die for forming workpieces 10 instead of a punch and a punch die.
- the upper tool 11 is fixed in a tool holder at a lower end of a ram 12 .
- the ram 12 is part of a lifting drive device 13 by means of which the upper tool 11 can be moved in a lifting direction along a lifting axis 14 .
- the lifting axis 14 runs in the direction of the Z-axis of the coordinate system of a control device 15 of the machine tool 1 indicated in FIG 13 are moved along a positioning axis 16 in the direction of the double arrow.
- the positioning axis 16 runs in the direction of the Y direction of the coordinate system of the control device 15 .
- the movement of the ram 12 along the lifting axis 14 and the positioning of the lifting drive device 13 along the positioning axis 16 are carried out by means of a motor drive 17 in the form of a drive arrangement 17, in particular a spindle drive arrangement, with a drive spindle running in the direction of the positioning axis 16 and firmly connected to the machine frame 2 18.
- the lifting drive device 13 is guided during movements along the positioning axis 16 on three guide rails 19 of the upper frame piece 3, of which two guide rails 19 can be seen in FIG.
- the one remaining guide rail 19 runs parallel to the visible guide rail 19 and is spaced from it in the direction of the X-axis of the coordinate system of the numerical controller 15 .
- Guide shoes 20 of the lifting drive device 13 run on the guide rails 19.
- the mutual engagement of the guide rail 19 and the guide shoes 20 is such that this connection between the guide rails 19 and the guide shoes 20 can also absorb a load acting in the vertical direction. Accordingly, the lifting device 13 is suspended from the machine frame 2 via the guide shoes 20 and the guide rails 19 .
- a further component of the lifting drive device 13 is, for example, a wedge mechanism 21 by means of which a position of the upper tool 11 relative to the lower tool 9 can be adjusted.
- the lower tool 9 is accommodated such that it can be moved along a lower positioning axis 25 .
- This lower positioning axis 25 runs in the direction of the Y-axis of the coordinate system of the numerical control 15.
- the lower positioning axis 25 is preferably aligned parallel to the upper positioning axis 16.
- the lower tool 9 can be moved along the positioning axis 25 directly at the lower positioning axis 16 with a motorized drive arrangement 26 .
- the lower tool 9 on a Lifting drive device 27 can be provided, which can be moved along the lower positioning axis 25 by means of the motorized drive arrangement 26 .
- This drive arrangement 26 is preferably designed as a spindle drive arrangement.
- the structure of the lower lifting drive device 27 can correspond to that of the upper lifting drive device 13 .
- the motor drive arrangement 26 can also correspond to the motor drive arrangement 17 .
- the lower lifting drive device 27 is also slidably mounted on a lower horizontal frame piece 4 associated guide rails 19.
- Guide shoes 20 of the lifting drive device 27 run on the guide rails 19, so that the connection between the guide rails 19 and guide shoes 20 on the lower tool 9 can also absorb a load acting in the vertical direction. Accordingly, the lifting drive device 27 is suspended via the guide shoes 20 and the guide rails 19 on the machine frame 2 and at a distance from the guide rails 19 and guide shoes 20 of the upper lifting drive device 13 .
- the lifting drive device 27 can also include a wedge mechanism 21, through which the position or height of the lower tool 9 can be adjusted along the Z-axis.
- the upper and/or lower drive device 13, 27 can also be formed by means of further drive components or drive concepts.
- an electrically controllable drive mechanism or mechanical drive concepts can be provided.
- Pneumatic or hydraulic drive concepts can also be used.
- the control device 15 can control both the motor drives 17 for a movement of the upper tool 11 along the upper positioning axis 16 and the motor drive(s) 26 for a movement of the lower tool 9 along the lower positioning axis 25 independently of one another.
- the upper and lower tools 11, 9 can be moved synchronously in the direction of the Y-axis of the coordinate system.
- an independent displacement movement of the upper and lower tools 11, 9 can also be controlled in different directions. This independent traverse movement of the upper and lower tools 11, 9 can be controlled at the same time.
- the upper and lower tools 11 , 9 for machining the workpieces 10 can also be designed in a variety of ways.
- FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the processing machine 1 according to FIG.
- This processing machine 1 differs, for example, in the construction of the machine frame 2 .
- the machine frame 2 is C-shaped, which means that a vertical machine frame 5 is provided between the upper horizontal frame piece 3 and the lower horizontal frame piece 4.
- an upper tool 11 is provided, for example.
- the lower tool 9 is provided opposite at the open end of the lower horizontal frame piece 4 and is adjacent to the upper tool 11 .
- a cutting processing head 28 such as for laser cutting or plasma cutting, can be provided on the upper horizontal frame piece 3.
- a bending tool can also be provided as an alternative and/or in addition to the upper and lower tools 11 , 9 .
- the processing machine 1 of the displaceable embodiments is equipped with a number of sensors. Various signals can be detected by these sensors during the processing of the workpiece 10 with the processing machine 1 .
- the sensors are preferably aligned in an effective direction in which the signals are to be detected.
- a sensor can be designed as a strain gauge to detect a bending stress on the machine frame 2 or, for example, a widening of the C-shaped machine frame on the vertical frame member 6 .
- the sensors can also detect signals from a drive power, such as current and/or voltage, which arise during a displacement movement and/or a lifting movement of the upper and/or lower tool 11 , 9 .
- the sensors can also detect pressure curves in pressure chambers in the hydraulic drive Working stroke are generated.
- the sensors can also record different sound levels in order to determine and monitor data from this.
- the selection and use of the respective sensor depends on the process signals to be determined, which are to be determined and evaluated for monitoring machining processes in the processing machine.
- at least one displacement sensor 29 is provided on or in the upper tool 11 and/or lower tool 9 in order to detect a lifting movement of the upper tool 11 and/or lower tool 9 .
- at least one force sensor 31 can be provided on the upper tool 11 and/or on the lower tool 9 in order to detect a force acting on a workpiece 10 .
- at least one sound sensor 32 can be provided on the machine frame 2 .
- one or more acceleration sensors 33 can be provided on the machine frame 2, on the upper tool 11 and/or the lower tool 9. If a C-shaped machine frame 2 is provided, at least one acceleration sensor 33 is preferably positioned in the region of the free end of the upper and lower horizontal frame members 3, 4.
- FIG. 3 shows the upper tool 11 in a schematic side view and the lower tool 9 in a schematic sectional view.
- the upper tool 11 comprises a base body 35 with a clamping pin 36 .
- a cutting tool 37 with a stamping or punching surface 38 is formed on the base body 35 and is delimited circumferentially by a cutting edge 39 .
- the lower tool 9 is designed as a matrix, in particular as a perforated matrix.
- a through hole 42 is provided in a base body 41 of the lower tool 9 .
- a cutting edge 46 is provided in the transition region from the through-bore 42 to a bearing surface 44 for the workpiece 10, which is adjoined by a cut surface 47 which merges into the through-bore 42, which is enlarged in circumference.
- FIG. 4 shows an alternative embodiment of the upper tool 11 and lower tool 9 to the embodiment according to FIG.
- the length of the cutting edge 46 on the lower tool 9 differs the length and/or shape of the cutting edge 39 of the upper tool 11.
- This embodiment also shows that, for example, a cutting edge 46 can be provided inside a through hole 42 on the die 9 and also outside of the through hole 42.
- the upper tool 11 can also have a square punching or stamping surface or a round punching surface instead of a rectangular stamping surface 38 or other free forms.
- the cutting edge 39 in the upper tool 11 and the cutting edge 46 on the lower tool 9 are each subject to wear.
- the wear of the upper and lower tools 11, 9 has a disadvantageous effect on the cutting quality on the workpiece 10 and the machining quality.
- the machining processes 49 are monitored as described in more detail below.
- the monitoring of the machining processes 49 makes it possible for the control device 15 to actively adapt parameters for the machining processes 49 from the information determined, so that automated improvements are also made possible during the automated production.
- the monitoring method described below enables wear and tear of the upper and lower tools 11, 9 to be determined. It is also possible to query and determine which material of the workpiece 10, in particular a plate-shaped workpiece, is the basis of the machining. In addition, a statement can also be made about the quality of the cut surface of the workpiece part 8, which was cut out of the workpiece 10, if the workpiece part 8 is intended for further processing and the resulting residual skeleton from the workpiece 10 serves as waste. A statement can also be made about a cut surface quality of the workpiece 10, from which one or more workpiece parts 8 are cut out or separated as waste.
- the processing of the workpiece 10 can include cutting out, perforating, cutting off, notching or the like. A schematic diagram is shown in FIG.
- process signals for, for example, three consecutive machining processes 49 are shown synchronously.
- This machining process 49 relates, for example, to a punching of the workpiece 10 using a punching tool according to Figure 3.
- a waiting time or a rest period 50 for the upper and lower tools 11, 9 until, for example, the plate-shaped workpiece 10 moves to a new machining position and /or the upper tool 11 and the lower tool 9 are transferred to a corresponding machining position before the subsequent stroke of the upper tool 11 and/or lower tool 9 is controlled.
- a process signal 52 can, for example, detect a lifting movement of the upper tool 11 by means of the displacement sensor 29 .
- a process signal 53 shows the force determined by the force sensor 31, for example during the separating process.
- a process signal 54 is recorded, for example, by means of an acceleration sensor 33 and shows a travel component when the machine frame 2 expands during the machining process 49.
- a process signal 55 is determined by the sound sensor 32.
- Process signals 56 and/or 57 and/or 58 are each detected by acceleration sensors 33 .
- the acceleration sensors 33 can detect path components in the X, Y and/or Z direction of the machine frame 2 . It goes without saying that the naming of the individual sensors for detecting the process signals 52 to 58 is only an example and data or information can also be calculated and determined by other sensors from their determined process signals.
- FIG. 6 shows, for example, a path-time diagram of the upper tool 11 from a large number of superimposed characteristic curves of the machining processes 49.
- the approach movement of the upper tool 11 onto the workpiece 10 begins at time t1.
- the upper tool 11 strikes the workpiece 10 at time t2.
- the separation process is complete.
- a signal variance of, for example, 10 % can result.
- a signal variance of, for example, 40% can exist in the area of the severing around time t3.
- the signal variances are caused by interference, resulting in changes during the machining of the workpiece, which adversely affect the quality of the machining. These signal variances affect the evaluation of the process signals and are eliminated as described below.
- Characteristic curves are shown in a force-time diagram during the lifting movement and punching processing of the upper tool 11 to the tool 10 at the same time as the lifting path according to FIG. 4 of several processing processes 49.
- the beginning of the separation process can be recognized from the increase in force at time t2.
- signal variance of, for example, 15% in the force to be applied, ie the point in time at which the upper tool 11 is placed on the workpiece 12 is not the same in the time series for several consecutive processing steps. In these time series, signal variances can be illustrated that are not actually present. The same applies to time t3, at which the workpiece 10 is severed.
- the signal variances shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 in a large number of consecutive machining processes 49 are based on the one hand on the fact that additional travel components from the upper and lower tools 11, 9 and elastic travel components from the machine frame 2 lead to longer stroke paths in the lifting movement of the upper and/or or lower tool 11, 9, in particular as a result of the elastic deformation of the force-loaded upper and/or lower tool 11, 9 and machine frame 12.
- This time deviation is due, for example, to the changing response behavior of electric motors, the fill level of hydraulic buffer stores or the like that can be provided in the processing machine 1 .
- the Y-axis shows the elastic path portion of the machine frame 2, which is plotted against time along the X-axis.
- the characteristic curves 58 show the detected travel components, for example by a travel measurement, which can be detected by sensors.
- FIG. 9 A diagram analogous to FIG. 8 is shown in FIG. 9, with the detected elastic displacement components, which are detected, for example, by acceleration sensors 33, being eliminated in the machine frame 2.
- a first kink in the characteristic curves 58 at time t4 depicts the impact of the upper tool 11 on the workpiece 10
- the subsequent kink in the characteristic curves 58 at time t5 shows the passage of the upper tool 11 through the workpiece 10.
- the elastic parts of the machine frame 2 can be measured directly or determined as a regression function by an analytical model of the elastic components.
- the characteristic curves 58 around this signal variance can be eliminated by adding or subtracting the travel components of the machine frame 2 .
- This step can also be referred to as freezing the tool dynamics and the machine dynamics or eliminating the tool dynamics and the machine dynamics.
- the process signal 53 for example, which shows the course of the cutting force during the machining processes 49.
- the time dependency of the process signals 55 to 58 is eliminated by transforming the characteristic curves 58 of the displacement-time diagram into a force-displacement diagram shown. Due to the independence of time compared to the time-synchronous process signals 55 to 58 according to FIG. 4, the course of the characteristic curves 59 for the individual machining processes, in particular bending processes or cutting processes, can be better compared. As a result, the scattering of the characteristic curve 59 can be reduced, since the same work, ie force per distance, is required for each distance covered, with constant workpiece and tool conditions.
- the elimination of the time dependency enables an exact evaluation of the force-displacement curve of the upper and/or lower tool 11, 9 with regard to wear and thus preferably also for a finished cut surface quality.
- FIG. 11 shows a force-displacement diagram, for example, in which several force-displacement curves of characteristic curves are associated with one another.
- the path in particular the punch path, is plotted along the X-axis and the cutting force is plotted along the Y-axis.
- This diagram according to FIG. 11 is used to show detected wear of the upper tool 11 and/or lower tool 9 and/or the machining tool compared to an upper tool and/or lower tool 11, 9 and/or machining tool without wear.
- the cutting edge 39 of the upper tool 11 and the cutting edge 46 of the lower tool 9 are shown schematically enlarged.
- the cutting edges 39, 46 are, for example, rectangular in shape, in particular sharp-edged, as shown by the solid lines. In the course of use, these cutting edges 39, 46 wear out. The cutting edge 39 in the upper tool 11 wears out significantly more and faster than the cutting edge 46 in the lower tool 9.
- FIG. 13 shows a schematically enlarged sectional view of the upper and lower tools 11, 9 during a machining process in which a workpiece part 8 is separated from a workpiece 10 by punching the upper and lower tools 11, 9.
- the cutting edge 39 of the upper tool 11 and the cutting edge 46 of the lower tool 9 are without wear.
- the following cut surface parameters result on the workpiece 10 or workpiece part 8:
- An edge indentation height hE is low.
- the width of the edge indentation bE is also small and slightly rounded.
- a flush cut height hS extends thereafter, followed by a fracture zone height hB.
- Workpiece part 8 results in only a low cutting burr height hG.
- the conditions in workpiece part 8 along the cut surface and in workpiece 10 are virtually analogous—but only in mirror image—are provided.
- FIG. 14 shows a schematic sectional view analogous to FIG. Deviating from this, the cutting edge 39 of the upper tool 11 and the cutting edge 46 of the lower tool 9 each have wear 40, as is shown, for example, in FIG. 12 by the dashed line 40.
- the edge indent width bE and the edge indent height hE increase significantly.
- the smooth cut height hS increases and the fracture zone height hB decreases.
- the height of the cutting burr hG increases as a result of the increasing wear on the cutting edge 46 of the lower tool 9.
- a clear ridge forms on the workpiece part 8 as a result. With such a cutting result, an exchange of the upper and/or lower tool 11 , 9 becomes necessary.
- the states described according to FIGS. 13 and 14 for the upper tool 11 and for the lower tool 9 can be seen from characteristic curves in FIG.
- the characteristic curve 60 shows a force-displacement curve for an upper tool 11 and a lower tool 9 without wear, i.e. with a geometry according to the solid lines in FIG Wear on the cutting edge 39 of the upper tool 11 decreases, with the characteristic curve 64, for example, indicating the increased wear compared to the characteristic curves 63 or 62 as the punch path increases.
- the characteristic curves in area 66 depict the wear on the lower tool 9, with the characteristic curve 67, for example, showing less wear than the further characteristic curves 68, 69 to the right of it.
- the characteristic curves 62, 63, 64, 65 for the upper tool 11 are, for example, in three subdivided into classifications.
- the characteristic curve 62 shows the wear in class 1 with a rounding of 0.25 mm
- the characteristic curve 63 shows wear on the upper tool for class 2 with, for example, a rounding of 0.5 mm etc.
- the Wear rounding here for the class 1 tool only 0.025 mm in characteristic curve 67.
- Characteristic curve 68 shows wear for the Lower tool for class 2 with, for example, a rounding of 0.05 mm, etc.
- the characteristic curve 71 shows the upper tool 11 and the lower tool 9, in which the wear, for example according to the characteristic curves 62 and 67, is shown superimposed.
- the characteristic curve 72 shows the superimposition of the wear of the upper tool 11 and lower tool 9 according to the characteristic curves 63 and 67.
- Analogous force-displacement diagrams according to FIG. 11 can be carried out based on the process signals 55, which were determined by the sound sensors 32, for the identification of the material or the sheet metal thickness.
- the characteristic curves determined from this for aluminium, steel or stainless steel deviate from one another.
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- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
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- Automatic Control Of Machine Tools (AREA)
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CN202280066286.6A CN118043749A (zh) | 2021-09-30 | 2022-09-07 | 用于监控加工机器中的加工过程的方法以及加工机器 |
EP22776927.0A EP4409368A1 (de) | 2021-09-30 | 2022-09-07 | Verfahren zur überwachung von bearbeitungsprozessen in einer bearbeitungsmaschine sowie bearbeitungsmaschinen |
US18/617,786 US20240241499A1 (en) | 2021-09-30 | 2024-03-27 | Method for monitoring machining processes in a processing machine, and processing machine |
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KR20050115153A (ko) | 2004-06-03 | 2005-12-07 | 한국과학기술원 | 하이브리드 방식의 절삭력 평준화를 통한 공구마모모니터링 시스템 |
WO2008142386A1 (en) * | 2007-05-17 | 2008-11-27 | Rolls-Royce Plc | Machining process monitor |
WO2017100810A1 (de) * | 2015-12-14 | 2017-06-22 | Materials Center Leoben Forschung Gmbh | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum trennen eines werkstückes |
US20200089191A1 (en) | 2018-09-18 | 2020-03-19 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Method for monitoring cutting-tool abrasion |
DE102019123838A1 (de) | 2019-09-05 | 2021-03-11 | Ott-Jakob Spanntechnik Gmbh | Verfahren zur Überwachung einer Werkzeugspannvorrichtung |
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DE19701462C2 (de) | 1997-01-17 | 2001-04-26 | Prokos Produktions Kontroll Sy | Meßvorrichtung |
DE102005053350A1 (de) | 2005-11-07 | 2007-05-10 | Schuler Pressen Gmbh & Co. Kg | Presse mit Schnittschlagdämpfung |
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KR20050115153A (ko) | 2004-06-03 | 2005-12-07 | 한국과학기술원 | 하이브리드 방식의 절삭력 평준화를 통한 공구마모모니터링 시스템 |
WO2008142386A1 (en) * | 2007-05-17 | 2008-11-27 | Rolls-Royce Plc | Machining process monitor |
WO2017100810A1 (de) * | 2015-12-14 | 2017-06-22 | Materials Center Leoben Forschung Gmbh | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum trennen eines werkstückes |
US20200089191A1 (en) | 2018-09-18 | 2020-03-19 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Method for monitoring cutting-tool abrasion |
DE102019123838A1 (de) | 2019-09-05 | 2021-03-11 | Ott-Jakob Spanntechnik Gmbh | Verfahren zur Überwachung einer Werkzeugspannvorrichtung |
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CN118043749A (zh) | 2024-05-14 |
US20240241499A1 (en) | 2024-07-18 |
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