WO2023051372A1

WO2023051372A1 - Loudspeaker and electronic device

Info

Publication number: WO2023051372A1
Application number: PCT/CN2022/120517
Authority: WO
Inventors: 王磊; 秦仁轩; 赵文畅
Original assignee: 华为技术有限公司
Priority date: 2021-09-30
Filing date: 2022-09-22
Publication date: 2023-04-06
Also published as: CN115914951B; CN115914951A

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of terminals, and in particular, to a speaker and an electronic device. The speaker comprises a substrate, a housing, a support structure, and a drive layer. The substrate has a bearing surface; the housing is disposed on the bearing surface of the substrate, a cavity is formed between the housing and the bearing surface of the substrate; an opening is formed on the housing; the support structure and the drive layer are both disposed in the cavity; the support structure is connected to a first side wall of the housing; the drive layer comprises a vibrating diaphragm and transducers; the drive layer is connected to the end of the support structure away from the first side wall; the transducers are disposed on two ends of the vibrating diaphragm along a first direction, and the transducers are fixedly connected to the support structure; first gaps are formed between the two sides of the drive layer and the support structure along a second direction; an included angle is set between the first direction and the second direction, and the included angle is greater than 0° and less than 180°. The loudspeaker in the present application can improve an effective air pushing area and improve the acoustic performance of a loudspeaker.

Description

Speakers and Electronics

Cross References to Related Applications

This application claims the priority of a Chinese patent application with application number 202111160439.7 and application title "Speaker and Electronic Equipment" filed with the China Patent Office on September 30, 2021, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

technical field

The present application relates to the technical field of terminals, and in particular to a loudspeaker and electronic equipment.

Background technique

Piezoelectric speaker is a kind of speaker that uses piezoelectric material as a driving unit. Combining MEMS method can further obtain high-performance micro-speaker. Micro-speakers have the advantages of wide response frequency, small size, light weight, etc., and are an important development direction of new speakers.

The effective air pushing area of the existing micro-speaker is relatively small, resulting in poor sound-promoting effect of the micro-speaker.

Contents of the invention

The application provides a loudspeaker, which can increase the effective air pushing area and improve the performance of the loudspeaker.

In a first aspect, the present application provides a loudspeaker, including a base, a housing, a support structure and a driving layer, the base has a bearing surface; the housing is arranged on the bearing surface of the base, and the housing and the A cavity is formed between the bearing surfaces of the base, and an opening is provided on the housing; the supporting structure is arranged in the cavity, and the supporting structure is connected to the bearing surface of the base; the driving The layer includes a diaphragm and a transducer, and the driving layer is connected to one end of the support structure away from the bearing surface of the substrate; wherein, along the first direction, both ends of the diaphragm are provided with transducers, and the transducer The energy device is fixedly connected with the support structure, along the second direction, there is a first gap between both sides of the driving layer and the support structure, and there is a gap between the first direction and the second direction. The included angle is fixed, and the included angle is greater than 0° and less than 180°. Specifically, the transducer can undergo bending motion driven by the audio signal, and the diaphragm can be driven to vibrate in the direction perpendicular to the plane where the diaphragm is located. The transducer and the diaphragm act as a driving structure to jointly push the air to make sound, so as to increase the effective air pushing area , to improve speaker performance. In addition, along the second direction, there is a first gap between the two sides of the diaphragm and the transducer and the support structure, which can increase the degree of freedom of the transducer, so that the transducer and diaphragm are not affected by the support structure when they move. The limitation of the transducer increases the bending motion of the transducer and the vibration amplitude of the diaphragm.

In a second aspect, the present application also provides a loudspeaker, including a base, a housing, a supporting structure and a driving layer, the base has a bearing surface; the housing is arranged on the bearing surface of the base, and the housing and A cavity is formed between the bearing surfaces of the base, and an opening is provided on the housing; the supporting structure is arranged in the cavity, and the supporting structure is connected to the bearing surface of the base, and the driving layer is located away from the supporting structure. One end of the bearing surface of the substrate, wherein the driving layer includes a diaphragm and a plurality of transducers for connecting the diaphragm to the support structure, wherein the transducers on at least one side of the diaphragm include at least two The sub-drive parts arranged at intervals and the connection layer connecting the at least two sub-drive parts. Specifically, the transducer can undergo bending motion driven by the audio signal, and the diaphragm can be driven to vibrate along the plane where the diaphragm is located. The transducer and the diaphragm jointly push the air to make sound, so as to increase the effective air pushing area. Improve the acoustic performance of speakers. In addition, arranging multiple transducers on at least one side of the diaphragm can facilitate the stress release of the transducer on this side of the diaphragm and increase the displacement of the drive.

In a third aspect, the present application further provides an electronic device, and the electronic device includes the loudspeaker in the technical solution in any aspect above. Among them, electronic devices can be mobile phones, tablet computers, laptops, Bluetooth headsets, audio, vehicle equipment, wearable devices, etc. Among them, wearable devices can be smart bracelets, smart watches, smart head displays, smart glasses, etc. Electronic Adopting the loudspeaker in the equipment can make the electronic equipment have better sound effects.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a loudspeaker applied in an electronic device;

Fig. 2a is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a loudspeaker provided by an embodiment of the present application;

Fig. 2b is a schematic diagram of diaphragm vibration in Fig. 2a;

Fig. 3 is a top view of the speaker provided by the embodiment of the present application;

Fig. 4 is another top view of the speaker provided by the embodiment of the present application;

Fig. 5 is a side view of Fig. 4;

Fig. 6a to Fig. 6c are partial side views of the transducers in the loudspeaker provided by the embodiment of the present application arranged on the support structure;

Fig. 7 is another side view of the speaker provided by the embodiment of the present application;

8a to 8c are structural schematic diagrams of the reinforcement structure in the loudspeaker provided by the embodiment of the present application;

Fig. 9 is another top view of the speaker provided by the embodiment of the present application;

Figure 10 is a side view of Figure 9;

Fig. 11 is another top view of the speaker provided by the embodiment of the present application;

Figure 12 is a side view of Figure 11;

Fig. 13 is another top view of the speaker provided by the embodiment of the present application;

Fig. 14 is a top view of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application.

Reference signs:

1-base; 101-bearing surface; 10-housing; 11-opening; 12-cavity; 13-cavity; 20-supporting structure; 30-driving layer; 31-transducer; 310-first electrode; 311-first piezoelectric material; 312-second electrode; 313-connection layer; 314-second piezoelectric material; 315-third electrode; -ring structure; 40-first gap; 50-elastic sealing structure; 51-elastic connector; 52-elastic layer; 60-second gap; 70-strengthening structure; speaker.

Detailed ways

In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the application clearer, the application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

At present, speakers are mostly used in various electronic devices to enhance the effect of sound played by the electronic device, such as increasing the playback volume, optimizing the playback effect, and the like. At present, there are many classifications of loudspeakers, but the principle is generally to convert electrical signals into sound signals through a magnetic field, and use air as the medium to propagate. A loudspeaker is an electroacoustic conversion component that converts sound electrical signals into sound. From the history of development, there have been various speakers, such as: dynamic speakers, electromagnetic speakers, crystal speakers, electrostatic speakers and so on.

The electronic device with a speaker may be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, an earphone, an audio system, a vehicle-mounted device, a wearable device, a foldable terminal device, a television, or other electronic devices with a speaker. Among them, wearable devices can be smart bracelets, smart watches, smart head displays, smart glasses, etc. The electronic device in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is described by taking a mobile phone as an example.

The mobile phone may include a casing 100 and a speaker 200. The speaker 200 is arranged in the casing 100. In some embodiments, when the speaker 200 emits sound, the displacement of the piezoelectric actuator is usually transmitted to the diaphragm by using a connecting element. Since the connecting element is in the center Pushing the dome at a single point requires high rigidity of the dome, which is not conducive to high performance of the loudspeaker 200 . However, in the scheme of using piezoelectric cantilever beam as the actuator and diaphragm structure at the same time, due to the bending deformation of the piezoelectric sheet, the center displacement is large, the displacement of the fixed end is small, the overall displacement is non-translational, and the effective air push area is small, resulting in a loudspeaker effect. Poor. Therefore, a new type of structure is needed to increase the displacement transfer efficiency and the effective air pushing area, thereby improving the sound-speaking effect.

Therefore, the present application provides a loudspeaker, which can increase the effective air pushing area, increase the displacement of the diaphragm, and improve the efficiency of sound emission.

The terms used in the following examples are for the purpose of describing particular examples only, and are not intended to limit the application. As used in the specification and appended claims of this application, the singular expressions "a", "an", "said", "above", "the" and "this" are intended to also Expressions such as "one or more" are included unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

Reference to "one embodiment" or "some embodiments" or the like in this specification means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in one or more embodiments of the present application. Thus, appearances of the phrases "in one embodiment," "in some embodiments," "in other embodiments," "in other embodiments," etc. in various places in this specification are not necessarily All refer to the same embodiment, but mean "one or more but not all embodiments" unless specifically stated otherwise. The terms "including", "comprising", "having" and variations thereof mean "including but not limited to", unless specifically stated otherwise.

In this embodiment of the application, the terms "first", "second", "third", and "fourth" are used for descriptive purposes only, and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the indicated The number of technical characteristics. Thus, a feature defined as "first", "second", "third" and "fourth" may expressly or implicitly include one or more of such features.

In the embodiment of this application, "and/or" is just a kind of relationship describing the relationship between related objects, which means that there may be three kinds of relationships, for example, A and/or B, which can mean that A exists alone, and A and B exist at the same time. B, there are three situations of B alone. In addition, the character "/" in this article generally indicates that the contextual objects are an "or" relationship. A connection includes a direct connection or an indirect connection.

Figure 2a is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of the speaker provided by the embodiment of the present application, Figure 2b is a schematic diagram of the vibration of the diaphragm, and Figure 3 is a top view of the housing not shown in Figure 2a, where the X direction is the first mentioned in the embodiment of the application One direction, the Y direction is the second direction mentioned in the embodiment of the present application, the Z direction is the direction in which the transducer and the diaphragm vibrate (that is, the third direction), hereinafter the first direction is the X direction, the second direction An example description is made for the Y direction. In this application, the X direction and the Y direction are taken as the vertical direction as an example for introduction. Of course, the X direction and the Y direction may also have other angles, which are not limited in this application. 2 and 3, the present application provides a loudspeaker, including a base 1, a housing 10, a support structure 20 and a driving layer 30, the base 1 has a bearing surface 101, and the housing 10 is arranged on the bearing surface 101 of the base 1 A cavity 12 is formed between the housing 10 and the bearing surface 101 of the base 1, and an opening 11 is provided on the housing 10, the supporting structure 20 and the driving layer 30 are both arranged in the cavity 12, and the supporting structure 20 is connected to the housing. On the bearing surface 101 of the base 1 of the body 10, the driving layer 30 includes a diaphragm 32, and the driving layer 30 is connected to one end of the support structure 20 away from the bearing surface 101 of the base 1, and along the X direction, both ends of the diaphragm 32 are provided There is a transducer 31, and the transducer 31 is fixedly connected to the support structure 20. Along the Y direction, there is a first gap 40 between both sides of the driving layer 30 and the support structure 20, and there can be a gap between the Y direction and the X direction. Set the included angle (α), the range of the included angle α can be greater than 0° and less than 180°. Specifically, when the loudspeaker is working, the transducer 31 can bend under the drive of the audio signal, and the diaphragm 32 can be driven to vibrate along the plane direction perpendicular to the diaphragm 32 (that is, move along the Z direction), and the transducer 31 The two parts together with the diaphragm 32 serve as the driving layer 30 to jointly push the air to produce sound, and the diaphragm 32 vibrates approximately in parallel, which can effectively increase the air pushing area. In addition, the setting of the first gap 40 can make the transducer 31 and the vibrating membrane 32 move freely along the direction perpendicular to the plane where the vibrating membrane 32 is located, increasing the degrees of freedom of the transducer 31 and the vibrating membrane 32, and enabling the transduction The transducer 31 and the diaphragm 32 are not restricted by the support structure 20 when they move, so that the bending motion of the transducer 31 and the vibration amplitude of the diaphragm 32 increase.

It should be noted that, when specifically setting the driving layer 30 , a cavity 13 may be formed between the driving layer 30 , the supporting structure 20 and the bearing surface 101 of the substrate 1 , and there is a first gap between the cavity 13 and the cavity 12 40, and since the width of the first gap 40 (the length along the Y direction) is less than or equal to 10um, thermal viscosity can be used to achieve an equivalent air sealing effect, so that the transducer 31 and the diaphragm 32 have a degree of freedom In some cases, it is also possible to keep the cavity 12 and the cavity 13 relatively sealed to prevent the conduction between the cavity 12 and the cavity 13, resulting in the problem of sound short circuit, and the cavity 12 and the cavity 13 are relatively Sealing can also make the sound waves emitted by the transducer 31 and the vibrating membrane 32 vibrate outward through the opening 11 (sound outlet), thereby improving the acoustic performance of the speaker.

Wherein, the opening 11 may be disposed at a position corresponding to the driving layer 30 on the housing 10 , and the opening 11 may also be disposed at other positions on the housing 10 , which are not specifically limited here.

In addition, the material of the substrate 1 can be one or a combination of silicon, glass, plastic, quartz, germanium, sapphire, metal or polymer; wherein, the polymer can be polyimide or polyethylene terephthalic acid Ethylene glycol, etc. The transducer may be, but is not limited to, a piezoelectric driver, an electrostatic driver, a nano-electrostatically actuated driver, an electromagnetic driver, or any other suitable driver.

Continuing to refer to FIG. 3 , when specifically setting the support structure 20, the top view of the support structure 20 on the bearing surface 101 of the base can be rectangular (not limited to a rectangle). At this time, X is perpendicular to Y, and along the X direction, the two sides of the diaphragm 32 The ends are connected to the two opposite sides of the support structure 20 through the transducer 31 (that is, the transducers 31 arranged on both sides of the diaphragm 32 are symmetrically arranged, and the symmetrically arranged transducers 31 have the same structure), and There are first gaps 40 between the diaphragm 32 , the transducer 31 and the other two sides of the supporting structure 20 .

Fig. 4 is a top view of a speaker provided in some embodiments of the present application provided with an elastic sealing structure (for clarity, the housing is not shown in Fig. 4), and Fig. 5 is a side view along the line AA' in Fig. 4, referring to Fig. 4 and FIG. 5, wherein, in order to facilitate understanding, in the Z direction, the plane where the driving layer 30 is located can be used as a reference, the side of the driving layer 30 away from the substrate is defined as the upper side, and the space between the driving layer and the substrate ( Cavity) is below. In order to optimize the sealing effect and improve the low-frequency performance of the loudspeaker, the loudspeaker can also include an elastic sealing structure 50, and the elastic sealing structure 50 can be arranged with the driving layer 30 along a third direction (ie, in the direction of the Z axis), and the third direction can be perpendicular to bearing surface 101, and the third direction may be perpendicular to the first direction and the second direction, and a second gap 60 may be formed between the elastic sealing structure 50 and the driving layer 30 and the supporting structure 20, or the elastic sealing structure 50 may only be connected to the A second gap 60 (not shown in the figure) is formed between the driving layers 30 , or a second gap 60 is formed only between the elastic sealing structure 50 and the supporting structure 20 , and the second gap 60 communicates with the first gap 40 . Wherein, when specifically setting the elastic sealing structure 50, for the convenience of setting, the elastic sealing structure 50 can be arranged on the side of the driving layer 30 away from the base, and the setting of the elastic sealing structure 50 can make the air transmission path between the cavity and the cavity The length of the distance is increased to improve the sealing effect between the cavity and the cavity, so that most or all of the sound waves emitted by the vibration of the transducer 31 and the diaphragm 32 can be emitted outward through the opening. In addition, the elastic sealing structure 50 is connected with the driving layer 30 and the support structure 20, but the elastic sealing structure 50 can vibrate with the transducer 31 and the diaphragm 32, that is, the setting of the elastic sealing structure 50 will not affect the transducer 31 and The degree of freedom of the diaphragm 32 improves the low-frequency performance of the speaker.

It should be noted that the material of the elastic sealing structure 50 may be silicon, silicon oxide or high molecular polymer. The elastic sealing structure 50 can be in various forms, for example: the elastic sealing structure 50 can include an elastic layer 52 and a plurality of elastic connectors 51, and the distance between the elastic layer 52 and the supporting structure 20 and/or the driving layer 30 is less than or equal to 2um , wherein the extending direction of the elastic layer 52 can be the same as the X direction, the first end of the elastic connector 51 can be connected to the elastic layer 52, and the second end of the elastic connector 51 can be connected to the supporting structure 20 or the driving layer 30, so as to The elastic layer 52 is connected to the supporting structure 20 and the driving layer 30, the second gap 60 can be formed between the elastic layer 52 and the supporting structure 20, or the second gap 60 can be formed between the elastic layer 52 and the driving layer 30, Alternatively, the second gap 60 may be formed between the elastic layer 52 and the driving layer 30 and the support structure 20 . In such an arrangement, the elastic layer 52 is fixed to the support structure 20 and the driving layer 30 through the elastic connector 51, thereby reducing the fixed connection area of the elastic layer 52 to the support structure 20 and the driving layer 30, and the elastic layer 52 is fixed to the supporting structure 20 and the driving layer 30. 51 is fixed on the support structure 20 and the driving layer 30, which can help the elastic layer 52 to release its own stress, so that the vibration form of the elastic sealing structure 50 is the same as that of the driving layer 30, so that the elastic sealing structure 50 is improved. On the basis of the sealing effect, it can also ensure the improvement of the low-frequency performance of the speaker.

In addition, when both the elastic layer 52 and the elastic connecting member 51 are high molecular polymers, the elastic connecting member 51 is connected to the support structure 20 and the driving layer 30 as a point connection (that is, the elastic connecting member 51 formed of a high molecular polymer is heated to form a liquid , then cool down and solidify); wherein, the elastic connector 51 can also be a spring, and when the elastic connector 51 is a spring, one end of the elastic connector 51 is connected to the side of the elastic layer 52 facing the base, and the other end of the elastic connector 51 One end can be connected to the driver layer and/or the support structure.

More specifically, when the second gap 60 is only formed between the elastic layer 52 and the supporting structure 20, the projection of at least a part of the elastic layer 52 on the substrate can coincide with the projection of the supporting structure 20 on the substrate 1, and the other part of the elastic layer 52 can coincide with the projection of the supporting structure 20 on the substrate 1. The projection of the layer 52 on the substrate 1 can coincide with the projection of the first gap 40 on the substrate 1; or, the projection of the elastic layer 52 on the substrate 1 and the projection of the support structure 20 on the substrate 1 all coincide; this arrangement Among them, if there is air circulation between the cavity and the cavity, part of the air needs to enter the first gap 40 through the second gap 60 formed between the elastic layer 52 and the support structure 20, which increases the path of air circulation, thereby improving The effect of relative sealing between the cavity and the cavity can improve the low-frequency performance of the speaker.

When the second gap 60 is formed between the elastic layer 52 and the driving layer 30, the projection of at least a part of the elastic layer 52 on the substrate 1 (or the carrying surface 101) can coincide with the projection of the driving layer 30 on the substrate 1, and the other part The projection of the elastic layer 52 on the substrate 1 may coincide with the projection of the first gap 40 on the substrate 1 (or the bearing surface 101), or the projection of the elastic layer 52 on the substrate 1 and the projection of the driving layer 30 on the substrate 1 All overlap; in this arrangement, if there is air circulation between the cavity and the cavity, part of the air needs to enter the first gap 40 through the second gap 60 formed between the elastic layer 52 and the driving layer 30, increasing the The path of air circulation, thereby improving the relative sealing effect between the cavity and the cavity, so as to improve the low-frequency performance of the speaker. The projection of the elastic layer 52 on the bearing surface 101 of the substrate 1 at least partially coincides with the projection of the first gap on the bearing surface.

When the second gap 60 can be formed between the elastic layer 52 and the driving layer 30 and the supporting structure 20, the projection of at least part of the elastic layer 52 on the substrate 1 can be the same as the projection of the driving layer 30 and the supporting structure 20 on the substrate 1 Coincidentally, at this time, the second gap 60 formed between the elastic layer 52, the driving layer 30 and the supporting structure 20 can completely cover the first gap 40, and all the air entering and leaving through the first gap 40 needs to pass through the second gap 60, The air circulation path is increased, thereby improving the relative sealing effect between the cavity and the cavity, so that the low-frequency performance of the speaker is improved.

It should be noted that the elastic connecting member 51 can be a spring or an elastic damper, and the height of the second gap 60 (ie along the direction perpendicular to the driving layer) is less than 2um.

In some embodiments, the second gap 60 may be in the form of;

Step 1: sequentially depositing the driving layer 30, the sacrificial layer and the elastic layer 52 on the substrate, wherein the sacrificial layer is used to support the driving layer 30;

Step 2: removing the sacrificial layer through an etching process. After the sacrificial layer is removed, a cavity 13 can be formed under the driving layer 30 , and a second gap is formed between the elastic layer 52 and the driving layer 30 ;

Step 3: forming an elastic connecting piece 51 between the elastic layer and the driving layer.

In a possible embodiment, Fig. 6a, Fig. 6b and Fig. 6c are schematic structural diagrams of transducers. Referring to Figs. At least part of it is arranged above the support structure 20 to ensure that a cantilever structure is formed between the transducer 31 and the support structure 20, and to increase the amplitude of the bending movement of the transducer 31 driven by the audio electric signal.

More specifically, the transducer 31 may include a first electrode 310, a first piezoelectric material 311, a second electrode 312 and a connection layer 313, the first electrode 310 and the second electrode 312 are used to receive audio signals, and transmit the audio signals to Converted into an acoustic signal, the first piezoelectric material 311 is used to generate deformation; wherein, the first electrode 310, the first piezoelectric material 311 and the second electrode 312 can be stacked, and the connecting layer 313 can be arranged on the first electrode 310 away from One side of the first piezoelectric material 311 (as shown in FIG. 6b ), or the connection layer 313 may also be disposed between the second electrode 312 and the support structure 20 (as shown in FIG. 6c ). In addition, in some embodiments, in order to enable the transducer to obtain greater displacement and greater driving force to improve the conversion effect of acoustic performance, as shown in Figure 6c, the transducer 31 may also include a second Two piezoelectric materials 314 and a third electrode 315, at this time, the first electrode 310, the first piezoelectric material 311, the second electrode 312, the second piezoelectric material 314 and the third electrode 315 are stacked, and the connection layer 313 can It is disposed between the third electrode 315 and the supporting structure 20 .

It should be noted that the first piezoelectric material 311 and the second piezoelectric material 314 can be at least one of lead zirconate titanate, aluminum nitride, scandium-doped aluminum nitride, and zinc oxide; the connection layer 313 can be flexible The material layer may specifically be one or more combination materials of silicon, silicon oxide, silicon nitride or polymers.

In a possible embodiment, FIG. 7 is a side view of the loudspeaker provided by the embodiment of the present application. Referring to FIG. The stiffness of the vibrating membrane 32 is enhanced to optimize the vibration mode of the transducer 31 so that the vibrating membrane maintains a state of parallel motion and the range of the resonant frequency of the vibrating system (transducer 31 and vibrating membrane 32 ) can be adjusted. Specifically, the reinforcing structure 70 can be a dome structure, and the reinforcing structure 70 can be arranged on the end of the diaphragm 32 facing the opening, and is located in the middle area of the diaphragm 32, and the reinforcing structure 70 can also be arranged on the side of the diaphragm 32 away from the opening. One side (in FIG. 7, the reinforcement structure 70 can also be arranged on the side away from the opening of the diaphragm 32 as an example), and the specific location of the reinforcement structure 70 can be adjusted according to actual needs.

It should be noted that, in the loudspeaker system, the resonant frequency _f is proportional to the stiffness K of the driving layer 30, and inversely proportional to the vibration mass M of the driving layer 30 (when the driving layer 30 is provided with a reinforcing structure 70, the reinforcing structure 70 can be used as part of the driving layer 30), in this loudspeaker, the size of the vibration system is small, and the quality of the diaphragm 32 itself is low. Adjusting the quality and stiffness of the reinforcing structure 70 connected to the diaphragm 32 in the driving layer 30 can effectively regulate the resonant frequency range. The relationship between the specific resonant frequency f ₀ and the mass M and stiffness K of the driving layer 30 and the reinforcement structure 70 refers to the following formula:

Specifically, the thickness of the reinforcing structure 70 can be 5um-150um, and the resonant frequency f ₀ of the speaker system can be made less than 10kHz by adjusting the mass M and stiffness K of the reinforcing structure 70 . The material of the reinforcement structure 70 may be at least one of metal, silicon, silicon oxide, silicon nitride or piezoelectric ceramics.

In addition, Fig. 8a, Fig. 8b and Fig. 8c are structural schematic diagrams of the reinforcement structure, referring to Fig. 8a to 8c, in order to adjust the weight of the reinforcement structure 70, so that the reinforcement structure 70 is at an appropriate weight, a hollow part can be provided on the reinforcement structure 70 71, thereby reducing the weight of the reinforcing structure 70. Specifically, the reinforcing structure 70 with the hollowed out portion can be in the shape of an X (as shown in FIG. 8b ), a well-shaped shape (as shown in FIG. 8a ) or a rhombus (as shown in FIG. 8c ), and the reinforcing structure 70 can also be Other shapes are not listed here.

In a possible embodiment, referring to FIG. 7 , the diaphragm 32 may also have an elastic structure, the elastic structure may be two ring structures 320, and the ring structures 320 may be arranged at both ends of the diaphragm 32, ( two ends along the X direction), the ring structure 320 is connected to the transducer 31, at this time, the diaphragm 32 is located at the end of the transducer 31 away from the supporting structure, and the maximum displacement of the transducer 31 can be used to push the diaphragm 32 to move , thereby improving the displacement transmission efficiency, increasing the displacement of the diaphragm 32, thereby increasing the effective air pushing area. Specifically, the ring structure 320 can improve the stress limit along the direction parallel to the plane of the diaphragm 32 that occurs during the vibration of the diaphragm 32, thereby reducing the displacement restriction of the transducer 31 during bending motion, and improving the effective air propulsion. area.

It should be noted that a reinforcement structure 70 may also be provided between the two ring structures 320 to optimize the vibration mode of the diaphragm 32, the ring structure 320 may be an elastic structure, and a slit may be formed on the elastic structure , to improve the degree of freedom of the diaphragm; the material of the ring structure 320 can be an elastic material, specifically, it can be a polymer material with a reduced elastic modulus, and the ring structure 320 can also be designed and realized as an elastic structure, specifically, the ring structure 320 may be in the shape of an arc, a Z-shape or a wave.

In one embodiment, referring to Fig. 9 and Fig. 10, when specifically setting the transducer 31, along the X direction, there may be one transducer 31 connected to each end of the diaphragm 32, and each transducer One end of 31 is connected to the middle of the diaphragm 32, and the other end is lapped on the supporting structure 20. Along the Y direction, the width of the diaphragm 32 is greater than the width of the transducer 31, that is, the diaphragm 32 can cover the transducer 31 Above all, in this arrangement, the actual area of the diaphragm 32 is increased, which is equivalent to increasing the translational area, which in turn can increase the effective parallel vibration area of the driving layer.

In addition, when the diaphragm 32 is specifically arranged, the diaphragm 32 may also completely cover the transducer 31 .

In one embodiment, Fig. 11 and Fig. 12 are the top view and side view of another structure of the loudspeaker provided by the present application. With reference to Fig. 11 and Fig. 12 , along the X direction, the transducer connected to each end of the diaphragm 32 The transducer 31 may include at least two sub-drive parts and a connecting layer 317 connecting at least two sub-drive parts 316. Referring to FIG. The driving parts 316 are arranged at intervals along the Y direction, and the sub-driving parts 316 at each end can be connected by a connection layer 317; Relatively free between them, it is beneficial for the transducer 31 to release the residual stress and increase the displacement of the drive. Compared with the form of a whole transducer 31, it is set in the form of multiple sub-drive parts 316, which can also reduce the size of each sub-drive The warpage of the edge of the portion 316 is generated, which is more conducive to the translational movement of the diaphragm 32 connected to the transducer 31, so as to improve the acoustic performance of the speaker.

When the transducer is specifically arranged, the gap along the Y direction of the sub-drive part 316 arranged at each end of the diaphragm 32 can be the same as the first gap. connect. In addition, the structure and performance of each sub-drive unit 316 are the same.

Fig. 13 is a top view of another speaker provided by the embodiment of the present application (the base and the housing are not shown). Referring to Fig. 13, the loudspeaker may include a base, a housing, a supporting structure 20 and a driving layer 30, the base has a bearing surface, the housing is arranged on the bearing surface of the base, a cavity is formed between the housing and the bearing surface of the base, and the housing The body is provided with an opening, the support structure 20 is arranged in the cavity, and the support structure 20 is connected to the base, and the drive layer 30 is located on the side of the support structure 20 away from the base, wherein the drive layer 30 includes a diaphragm 32 and is used to The diaphragm 32 is connected to a plurality of transducers 31 on the support structure 20, wherein the transducer 31 located on at least one side of the diaphragm 32 includes at least two sub-drive parts 316 arranged at intervals and at least two sub-drive parts 316 are connected connection layer 317 . Specifically, the transducer 31 can undergo a bending movement driven by an audio signal, and the diaphragm 32 can be driven to vibrate along the plane direction where the diaphragm 32 is vertical. The air pushes against the area, improving the speaker's performance. In addition, the transducer 31 on at least one side of the diaphragm 32 includes a plurality of sub-drive parts 316 , which can facilitate the stress release of the transducer 31 on the side of the diaphragm 32 and increase the driving displacement.

It should be noted that the number of transducers 31 used to connect the diaphragm 32 to the support structure 20 can be three, four or five, and when each transducer 31 is connected to the diaphragm 32, the diaphragm The membrane 32 can be connected to the end of the transducer 31 away from the support structure 20 , and the maximum displacement of the transducer 31 can be used to push the diaphragm 32 to move, thereby improving the efficiency of displacement transmission and the displacement of the diaphragm 32 .

In addition, a cavity 13 may be formed between the driving layer 30 and the supporting structure 20 and the bearing surface of the substrate 1. In order to improve the sealing effect between the cavity 13 and the cavity 12, prevent the gap between the cavity 12 and the cavity 13. conduction, the problem of sound short circuit occurs, so as to improve the acoustic performance of the speaker, an elastic sealing structure 50 can be provided between two adjacent transducers 31 .

More specifically, this kind of loudspeaker can also include a reinforcement structure (not shown in the figure), and the reinforcement structure can also be connected to the side of the diaphragm 32 facing the opening or the side away from the opening, so as to improve the rigidity of the diaphragm 32 and optimize The transducer 31 vibration mode. Wherein, a hollow part may be provided on the reinforcement structure to reduce the weight of the reinforcement structure.

In one embodiment, in order to reduce the limited displacement of the transducer 31 when it bends, a ring structure 320 may be provided on the diaphragm 32, and the ring structure 320 may be corrugated or zigzag. When the surround structure 320 is specifically provided on the diaphragm, the surround structure 320 may be located at the connection portion between the diaphragm 32 and the transducer 31 , that is, the diaphragm 32 and the transducer 31 are connected through the surround structure.

The transducer 31 in the above embodiment can be a piezoelectric cantilever, and the speaker in the above embodiment can emit audible sound (20 Hz-20 kHz) or ultrasonic frequency greater than 20 kHz.

Based on the above-mentioned embodiment of the speaker, the present application also provides an electronic device equipped with the speaker of the embodiment of the present application. FIG. 14 is a top view of an electronic device provided by the embodiment of the present application, where a is the speaker, where The loudspeaker a may be the loudspeaker in any of the above embodiments, and also includes a casing for accommodating the loudspeaker a. The speaker a can be installed at any position inside the electronic device, not limited to the position shown in FIG. 14 . Among them, electronic devices can be mobile phones, tablet computers, laptops, Bluetooth headsets, audio, vehicle equipment, wearable devices, etc. Among them, wearable devices can be smart bracelets, smart watches, smart head displays, smart glasses, etc. Electronic Adopting the loudspeaker in the equipment can make the electronic equipment have better sound effects.

Embodiment 1. A loudspeaker, comprising:

A base 1, the base 1 has a bearing surface 101;

A housing 10, the housing 10 is arranged on the bearing surface 101 of the base 1, a cavity 12 is formed between the housing 10 and the bearing surface 101 of the base 1, and the housing 10 is provided with has an opening 11;

A support structure 20, the support structure 20 is arranged in the cavity 12, and the support structure 20 is connected to the bearing surface 101;

A driving layer 30, the driving layer 30 includes a diaphragm 32 and a transducer 31, and the driving layer 30 is connected to one end of the support structure 20 away from the bearing surface 101 of the base 1;

Wherein, along the first direction, both ends of the diaphragm 32 are provided with the transducer 31, and the transducer 31 is fixedly connected to the support structure 20; along the second direction, the driving layer 30 There is a first gap between both sides of the support structure 20 and the first direction and the second direction form a set angle, and the angle is greater than 0° and less than 180°.

Embodiment 2. The loudspeaker according to Embodiment 1, further comprising an elastic sealing structure 50, the elastic sealing structure 50 and the driving layer 30 are arranged along the third direction, and the supporting structure 20 and the substrate 1 are in the in the third direction; in the third direction, a second gap is formed between the elastic sealing structure 50 and the driving layer 30 and/or the supporting structure 20, and the second gap and the first A gap is connected.

Embodiment 3. The speaker according to

Embodiment

1 or 2, the elastic sealing structure 50 includes an elastic layer 52 and at least one elastic connecting member 51, the elastic layer 52 extends along the first direction, and the elastic connecting member A first end of the member 51 is connected to the elastic layer 52 , and a second end of the elastic connecting member 51 is connected to the supporting structure 20 or the driving layer 30 .

Embodiment 4. The loudspeaker according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 3, the projection of the elastic layer 52 on the bearing surface 101 overlaps with the projection of the driving layer 30 on the bearing surface 101, The projection of the elastic layer 52 on the bearing surface 101 partially coincides with the projection of the support structure 20 on the bearing surface 101 .

Embodiment 5. The speaker according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 4, the projection of the elastic layer 52 on the bearing surface 101 of the base 1 and the projection of the first gap on the bearing surface 101 coincide.

Embodiment 6. The loudspeaker according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 5, the width of the first gap in the second direction is less than or equal to 10 um.

Embodiment 7. The loudspeaker according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 6, the height of the second gap in the third direction is less than or equal to 2um.

Embodiment 8. The loudspeaker according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 7, the diaphragm 32 has at least one elastic structure, and the elastic structure is disposed close to the edge of the driving layer 30 .

Embodiment 9. The loudspeaker according to any one of embodiments 1 to 8, the elastic structure is a ring structure 320, and the ring structure 320 is a corrugated or Z-shaped ring structure.

Embodiment 10. The loudspeaker according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 9, the diaphragm 32 has two elastic structures, and along the first direction, the two elastic structures are located on the diaphragm 32 At both ends, the ring structure 320 is connected with the transducer 31 .

Embodiment 11. The loudspeaker according to any one of embodiments 1 to 10, further comprising a reinforcement structure 70 connected to the diaphragm 32 and located in the middle region of the diaphragm 32 .

Embodiment 12. The loudspeaker according to any one of embodiments 1 to 11, the material of the reinforcement structure 70 is at least one of metal, silicon, silicon oxide, silicon nitride or piezoelectric ceramics.

Embodiment 13. The loudspeaker according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 12, the reinforcing structure 70 has a hollow part 71, and the thickness of the reinforcing structure 70 is 5um-150um.

Embodiment 14. The loudspeaker according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 13, wherein the diaphragm 32 is connected to part of the transducer 31 along the first direction.

Embodiment 15. The loudspeaker according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 14, the diaphragm 32 completely covers the transducer 31, or/and, the width of the diaphragm 32 in the second direction is greater than The width of the transducer 31 in the second direction.

Embodiment 16. The loudspeaker according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 15, the transducer 31 includes at least two sub-drive parts 316 and at least one connection layer 317, and the at least two sub-drive parts 316 are along the second The two directions are arranged at intervals; the connecting layer 317 connects the adjacent sub-driving parts 316 , and each of the sub-driving parts 316 is connected to the support structure 20 .

Embodiment 17. The loudspeaker according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 16, the connection layer 317 at least partially covers between two adjacent sub-drive parts 316, and the connection layer 317 and the The diaphragm 32 is connected.

Embodiment 18. The loudspeaker of any one of Embodiments 1 to 17, the transducer comprising a piezoelectric cantilever.

Embodiment 19. A loudspeaker comprising:

A base 1, the base 1 has a bearing surface 101;

Housing 10, the housing 10 is arranged on the bearing surface 101 of the base 1, a cavity is formed between the housing 10 and the bearing surface 101 of the base 1, and the housing 10 is provided with open mouth

a support structure 20, the support structure 20 is arranged in the cavity 12, and the support structure 20 is connected to the bearing surface 101 of the base 1;

a driving layer 30, the driving layer 30 is connected to one end of the support structure 20 away from the bearing surface 101 of the substrate 1;

The driving layer 30 includes a diaphragm 32 and a plurality of transducers 31 connecting the diaphragm 32 to the support structure 20, wherein the transducers 31 on at least one side of the diaphragm 32 include at least two There are two sub-drive parts 316 arranged at intervals and a connection layer 317 connecting the at least two sub-drive parts 316 .

Embodiment 20. The speaker according to Embodiment 19, the connection layer 317 at least partially covers between two adjacent sub-drive parts 316 , and the connection layer 317 is connected to the diaphragm 32 .

Embodiment 21. A loudspeaker comprising:

A base 1, the base 1 has a bearing surface 101;

A support structure 20, the support structure 20 is arranged in the cavity 12, and the support structure 20 is connected to the bearing surface 101 of the base 1, the support structure 20 and the base 1 are in the third direction arrangement;

A plurality of transducers 31, the transducers 31 are connected to one end of the supporting structure 20 away from the bearing surface 101 of the base 1, and there is a first gap between adjacent transducers 31;

Vibrating membranes 32 are respectively connected to the transducers 31;

The elastic sealing structure 50, the elastic sealing structure 50 and the transducer 31 are arranged along a third direction, and in the third direction, the elastic sealing structure 50 and the transducer 31 and/or the support A second gap is formed between the structures 20, and the second gap communicates with the first gap.

Embodiment 22. The loudspeaker according to Embodiment 21, the elastic sealing structure 50 includes an elastic layer 52 and at least one elastic connecting member 51, the elastic layer 52 extends along the first direction, and the elastic connecting member 51 The first end of the elastic connecting member 51 is connected to the elastic layer 52 , and the second end of the elastic connecting member 51 is connected to the supporting structure 20 or the transducer 31 .

Embodiment 23. The loudspeaker according to embodiment 21 or 22, the projection of the elastic layer 52 on the bearing surface 101 partially overlaps with the projection of the transducer 31 on the bearing surface 101, the The projection of the elastic layer 52 on the bearing surface 101 partially coincides with the projection of the supporting structure 20 on the bearing surface 101 .

Embodiment 24. The speaker according to any one of Embodiments 21 to 23, the projection of the elastic layer 52 on the bearing surface 101 of the base 1 and the projection of the first gap on the bearing surface 101 coincide.

Embodiment 25. The loudspeaker according to any one of Embodiments 21 to 24, wherein the distance between adjacent transducers 31 is less than or equal to 10 um.

Embodiment 26. The loudspeaker according to any one of Embodiments 21 to 25, the height of the second gap in the third direction is less than or equal to 2um.

Embodiment 27. An electronic device comprising the speaker according to any one of Embodiments 1-26.

The above is only the specific implementation of the application, but the scope of protection of the application is not limited thereto. Anyone familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the application, and should cover Within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

A loudspeaker, characterized in that it comprises:

a base having a load-bearing surface;

A housing, the housing is arranged on the bearing surface of the base, a cavity is formed between the housing and the bearing surface of the base, and an opening is provided on the housing;

a support structure, the support structure is arranged in the cavity, and the support structure is connected to the bearing surface;

a driving layer, the driving layer includes a diaphragm and a transducer, and the driving layer is connected to one end of the support structure away from the bearing surface of the base;

Wherein, along the first direction, both ends of the diaphragm are provided with the transducer, and the transducer is fixedly connected to the support structure; along the second direction, both sides of the driving layer are connected to the There is a first gap between the support structures, and a set angle is formed between the first direction and the second direction, and the angle is greater than 0° and less than 180°.
The loudspeaker according to claim 1, further comprising an elastic sealing structure, the elastic sealing structure and the driving layer are arranged along a third direction, and the supporting structure and the base are arranged in the third direction Arrangement; in the third direction, a second gap is formed between the elastic sealing structure and the driving layer and/or the supporting structure, and the second gap communicates with the first gap.
The speaker according to claim 2, wherein the elastic sealing structure comprises an elastic layer and at least one elastic connecting piece, the elastic layer extends along the first direction, and the first end of the elastic connecting piece is connected to The elastic layer is connected, and the second end of the elastic connector is connected with the supporting structure or the driving layer.
The loudspeaker according to claim 3, wherein the projection of the elastic layer on the bearing surface overlaps with the projection of the driving layer on the bearing surface, and the elastic layer on the bearing surface The projection on is partially coincident with the projection of the supporting structure on the bearing surface.
The loudspeaker according to claim 3, wherein the projection of the elastic layer on the bearing surface of the base at least partially coincides with the projection of the first gap on the bearing surface.
The speaker according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the width of the first gap in the second direction is less than or equal to 10 um.
The loudspeaker according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the height of the second gap in the third direction is less than or equal to 2um.
The loudspeaker according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that at least one elastic structure is provided on the diaphragm, and the elastic structure is arranged close to the edge of the driving layer.
The loudspeaker according to claim 8, wherein the elastic structure is a ring structure, and the ring structure is a corrugated or Z-shaped ring structure.
The loudspeaker according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the diaphragm has two elastic structures, and along the first direction, the two elastic structures are located at both ends of the diaphragm, the The surround structure is connected with the transducer.
The loudspeaker according to any one of claims 1 to 9, further comprising a reinforcing structure, the reinforcing structure is connected to the diaphragm and is located in a middle region of the diaphragm.
The loudspeaker according to claim 11, wherein the material of the reinforcing structure is at least one of metal, silicon, silicon oxide, silicon nitride or piezoelectric ceramics.
The loudspeaker according to claim 11, characterized in that, the reinforcing structure has a hollow part, and the thickness of the reinforcing structure is 5um-150um.
The loudspeaker according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that, along the first direction, the diaphragm is connected to part of the transducer.
The loudspeaker according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that, the diaphragm completely covers the transducer, or/and, the width of the diaphragm in the second direction is larger than that of the transducer The width of the energy device in the second direction.
The loudspeaker according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the transducer comprises at least two sub-drive parts and at least one connection layer, and the at least two sub-drive parts are arranged at intervals along the second direction ; The connecting layer connects the adjacent sub-driving parts, and each of the sub-driving parts is connected to the supporting structure.
The loudspeaker according to claim 16, wherein the connection layer at least partially covers between two adjacent sub-drive parts, and the connection layer is connected to the diaphragm.
A loudspeaker according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the transducer comprises a piezoelectric cantilever.
A loudspeaker, characterized in that it comprises:

a base having a load-bearing surface;

A housing, the housing is arranged on the bearing surface of the base, a cavity is formed between the housing and the bearing surface of the base, and an opening is provided on the housing;

a support structure, the support structure is arranged in the cavity, and the support structure is connected to the bearing surface of the base;

a driving layer, the driving layer is connected to one end of the support structure away from the bearing surface of the substrate;

The driving layer includes a diaphragm and a plurality of transducers connecting the diaphragm to the support structure, wherein the transducers located on at least one side of the diaphragm include at least two sub-driving parts arranged at intervals and a connecting layer connecting the at least two sub-driving parts.
An electronic device, characterized by comprising the speaker according to any one of claims 1-19.