WO2023050961A1 - 一种直流接触器、直流电路和用电设备 - Google Patents

一种直流接触器、直流电路和用电设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023050961A1
WO2023050961A1 PCT/CN2022/103849 CN2022103849W WO2023050961A1 WO 2023050961 A1 WO2023050961 A1 WO 2023050961A1 CN 2022103849 W CN2022103849 W CN 2022103849W WO 2023050961 A1 WO2023050961 A1 WO 2023050961A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
arc
contact
contacts
permanent magnets
pair
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PCT/CN2022/103849
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
冉小可
曾秋彬
郭威
杨灵坚
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华为数字能源技术有限公司
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Application filed by 华为数字能源技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为数字能源技术有限公司
Publication of WO2023050961A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023050961A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/54—Contact arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/44—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of DC circuits, in particular to a DC contactor, a DC circuit and electrical equipment.
  • DC contactors are more and more widely used. There are static contacts, moving contacts and electromagnetic components that push the moving contacts inside the DC contactor. The component pushes the moving contact away from the static contact, breaking the DC circuit.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a DC contactor, a DC circuit and electrical equipment, by arranging permanent magnets and arc strikers around the two static contacts, through the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnets, Change the direction and trajectory of the arc generated between the static contact and the moving contact, guide the arc to the arc striker, and avoid burning out the static contact, moving contact and other components in the DC contactor.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a DC contactor, including: two first contacts, respectively electrically connected to the two ends of the DC circuit; second contacts, used to communicate with the two first When the contacts are in contact, the DC circuit is turned on, or when the two first contacts are separated, the DC circuit is disconnected; at least one pair of permanent magnets, and the magnetic field between each pair of permanent magnets covers The gap between the two first contacts and the second contacts, the magnetic field is used to change the direction and track of the arc generated between the two first contacts and the second contacts ; two arc leading pieces, respectively nested on the two first contacts; each arc leading piece includes two arc leading parts, and the arc leading parts on each said arc leading piece The connecting line and the direction of the magnetic field between each pair of permanent magnets differ by a set angle, which is used to divert the arc and elongate the arc length of the arc.
  • At least one pair of permanent magnets is arranged around the two first contacts, so that the magnetic field between each pair of permanent magnets covers the gap between the two first contacts and the second contacts, and then the An arc-leading piece is respectively nested on the two first contacts, and two arc-starting parts are arranged on each arc-leading piece, and the connection line between the two arc-leading parts on each arc-leading piece is connected with each pair of
  • the magnetic field difference between the permanent magnets is set at an angle, so that the arc generated when the two first contacts and the second contacts are in contact or disconnected, under the action of the Lorentz force (magnetic blowing force), changes the direction of the arc.
  • the direction of the arc is guided to the arc starting part, which not only realizes a large amount of arc energy is drawn away from the first contact, protects the first contact and the second contact from being burned out, but also lengthens the creeping path of the arc, effectively Helps to extinguish the arc quickly.
  • the set angle is 90°.
  • the magnetic field generated by the subsequent permanent magnets can change the direction of the arc most Obviously, the arc is well guided to the pilot arc.
  • the at least one pair of permanent magnets includes a pair of permanent magnets, the pair of permanent magnets are arranged in the direction of the line connecting the two first contacts, and between the pair of permanent magnets The direction of the magnetic field is parallel to the connection line between the two first contacts.
  • the at least one pair of permanent magnets includes two pairs of permanent magnets, each pair of permanent magnets is arranged in a direction perpendicular to the line connecting the two first contacts, and each pair of permanent magnets The direction of the magnetic field between them is perpendicular to the direction of the line connecting the two first contacts.
  • connection line between the two arc-starting parts on each arc-starting piece is parallel to the connection line between the two first contacts, two pairs of permanent magnets are required, which are respectively arranged on the two first contacts. Around the first contact, and the direction of the magnetic field between each pair of permanent magnets is perpendicular to the connection line between the two first contacts, so as to achieve the effect that the generated magnetic field can change the direction and trajectory of the arc.
  • the tips of the two arc-leading components on each arc-leading piece are close to the corresponding first contact.
  • the tips of the two arc-leading components on each arc-leading piece are in contact with the corresponding first contact.
  • the tip of the arc starting part in the arc starting piece is close to the first contact, or connected to the first contact, so that the tip of the arc starting part maintains the same potential as the first contact at any time, Avoid increasing the potential and increasing the difficulty of arc striking.
  • the included angle between the two arc-starting parts on each arc-starting piece and the arc-starting piece is 45°.
  • the arc striker is made of high temperature resistant conductive material.
  • the arc starter is made of magnetically conductive low-carbon steel plate and other conductive materials, which can avoid being burned by the arc, thereby increasing the service life of the product.
  • it further includes: a base, two through holes are provided on one side surface of the base for nesting and fixing the two first contacts.
  • components such as the first contact and the second contact are arranged inside the base, which can protect the components from being damaged.
  • each arc leading piece further includes a plurality of fixing parts, which are used to fix the arc leading piece on the first contact when the arc leading piece is nested on the first contact. on the base.
  • the arc leading piece is fixed on the base through the fixing parts, so as to avoid changing the placement position of the arc leading piece, thereby affecting the arc extinguishing effect.
  • it further includes an electromagnetic component, configured to push the second contact to move along the first direction when the power is applied, so that the second contact is separated from the two first contacts, so that The first direction is a direction pointing from the first contact to the second contact.
  • the electromagnetic component is connected to the second contact, and the second contact contacts or separates from the two first contacts by controlling the electromagnetic component, so as to control the conduction or disconnection of the entire circuit.
  • it further includes: a casing for placing the electromagnetic assembly.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a DC circuit, including at least one DC contactor that may be implemented according to the first aspect.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an electrical device, including at least one DC contactor that may be realized in each of the first aspect.
  • Fig. 1 is a front sectional view of a DC contactor provided in prior art 1;
  • Fig. 2 is a side sectional view of a DC contactor provided in the first prior art
  • Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a DC contactor provided in the second prior art
  • Fig. 4 is a front cross-sectional view of a DC contactor provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is a side sectional view of a DC contactor provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an arc starter provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of arc strips and permanent magnets in the entire DC contactor provided in the embodiment of the present application;
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the principle of turning the arc in the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet provided in the embodiment of the present application;
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the principle of turning another arc in the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the arc striker and the static contact on the arc striker provided in the embodiment of the present application;
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of another arc starter provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of another arrangement of arc strips and permanent magnets in the entire DC contactor provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection , can also be a contradictory connection or an integrated connection; those skilled in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application according to specific situations.
  • arc extinguishing components are generally added to the DC contactor, specifically:
  • Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 are cross-sectional views of a DC contactor in the first prior art.
  • the DC contactor 100 includes static contacts 101 , arc extinguishing cover 102 , permanent magnet 104 , arc extinguishing element 106 , moving contact 107 , housing 112 , side wall structure 113 and other components.
  • the arc extinguishing structure in the DC contactor 100 includes an arc extinguishing cover 102, a permanent magnet 104 and an arc extinguishing member 106, which pass through the arc extinguishing cover 102 and are seated on it, and there are two static contacts 101 on it.
  • the bottom of 101 is provided with moving contact 107, and moving contact 107 will produce electric arc when contacting or separating with static contact 101;
  • the direction of the magnetic field is parallel to the direction of the line connecting the centers of the two static contacts 101;
  • an arc extinguisher 106 made of ceramic material is arranged between each fixed contact 101 and the corresponding outer permanent magnet 104, and the arc extinguisher 106 is provided with
  • the side wall structure 113 is provided with an opening for the arc to blow through, and is located between the first side wall 113-1 and the second side wall 113 Between -2, used to narrow the arc.
  • an arc extinguisher 106 made of ceramic material is provided around the gap between the static contact 101 and the movable contact 107 to realize rapid extinguishment of the arc, but the arc extinguisher 106 can only block part of the arc. Arcing may still burn out static contacts, moving contacts and other components, and the arc extinguishing part 106 made of ceramic material is relatively expensive, and its structure is relatively complicated, so it is not easy to be installed in the housing 112 .
  • Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a DC contactor in the second prior art.
  • the DC contactor 200 includes static contacts (202, 203), moving contacts 204, metal cups 209, arc extinguishing chambers (210, 211), electromagnetic system 212, housing 213, arc extinguishing system and other components.
  • the arc extinguishing system includes an arc extinguishing chamber and an arc extinguishing cavity; a baffle is provided under the movable contact 204 in the upper cavity of the DC contactor 200, and an arc extinguishing chamber (210, 211) is arranged on the baffle, and the arc extinguishing chamber ( 210, 211) are arranged on the outer periphery of the relative movement area of the moving contact 204 and the static contact (202, 203) of the DC contactor 200; a direct-current contact is provided between the housing 213 and the outer circumference of the metal cup 209 of the electromagnetic system 212.
  • the upper cavity of the device 200 extends to the arc extinguishing cavity of the lower cavity.
  • the arc extinguishing capability of the DC contactor 200 is improved, and the high temperature arcing gas can flow in the upper cavity and the lower cavity of the DC contactor 200 Circulation and diffusion in the air passage, strengthen the arc cooling effect, avoid polluting the main cavity of the DC contactor 200, further improve the arc extinguishing ability, and ensure the safe use of the DC contactor.
  • the volume of the DC contactor 200 with this structure is relatively large, and the principle of arc extinguishing is relatively complicated, resulting in relatively high cost of the DC contactor 200 .
  • Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 are front cross-sectional views of a DC contactor provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the DC contactor 300 includes: a static contact 301, a permanent magnet 302, a moving contact 303, an iron core 305, a base 306, a metal bracket 307, a coil 308, an arc striker 309, a moving shaft 310, The elastic component 311 and the housing 312 .
  • two static contacts 301 pass through the base 306, are nested and fixed on the base 306; the base 306 is superimposed and fixed on the opening of the housing 312, and the housing 312 forms a sealed structure to avoid external Pollutants such as impurities and water enter the casing 312, causing problems such as short circuit and blockage of the entire DC contactor 300.
  • the static contact 301 is a conductor made of metal material, which can transmit electrical signals after being connected to an external DC circuit.
  • the two static contacts 301 are nested and fixed on the base 306, and the base 306 is superimposed and fixed on the opening of the housing 312, so that the positions of the two static contacts 301 remain unchanged for subsequent movement.
  • the contact 303 moves up and down, it can contact and disconnect with the two static contacts 301 to realize the conduction and disconnection of the DC circuit.
  • the shape of the static contact 301 is not limited to the cuboid shown in Fig. 4-5, but also can be a cylinder, a cube, etc., or even any irregular shape, which is not limited in this application.
  • the material selected for the static contact 301 may be copper, metals with the same electrical conductivity, and other materials such as metal alloys thereof, which are not limited in this application.
  • the base 306 generally adopts a shell made of insulating material, which is used to nest and fix the two static contacts 301, and to be superimposed and fixed on the opening of the shell 312. It not only forms a sealed structure with the shell 312, but also avoids external pollutants. Into the housing 312, resulting in a short circuit in the circuit in the housing 312 and blockage between the components; it can also protect the protruding parts in the housing 312, and prevent the protruding parts of the housing 312 from being exposed to the outside world , causing damage.
  • the shape of the base 306 is a cuboid.
  • the upper surface of the base 306, that is, the surface on the side where the static contact 301 is nested is provided with two through holes, the shape of the through holes is the same as the cross-sectional shape of the static contact 301, so that the base 306 can pass through
  • the through hole is nested on the static contact 301 , and the static contact 301 is fixed at the through hole of the base 306 .
  • an engaging member 3061 is provided on a part of the edge or around the through hole of the base 306 for fixing the static contact 301 .
  • the shape of the engaging piece 3061 is "L", which includes a first part and a second part.
  • the first part refers to the part of the engaging piece 3061 perpendicular to the upper surface
  • the second part refers to the part of the engaging piece 3061 parallel to the upper surface. part.
  • One end of the first part is connected to the edge of the through hole, and the second part is located on the side of the first part facing away from the surrounding sides of the base 306 .
  • the static contact 301 can be fixed in the through hole by pressing the first part of the engaging part 3061 to move to the side near the base 306;
  • the head 301 sinks continuously into the through hole of the base 306, and after reaching the second part of the engaging part 3061, it can restrict the static contact 301 from continuously sinking into the through hole of the base 306, preventing the static contact 301 from falling off. into the base 306.
  • the lower surface of the base 306 that is, the surface on the opposite side to the upper surface, is provided with a through hole, the shape of the through hole is the same as that of the opening of the housing 312, and by connecting with the opening of the housing 312,
  • the base 306 and the casing 312 form a closed space, so as to prevent external pollutants from entering the closed space.
  • the connection manner between the lower surface of the base 306 and the housing 312 may be realized by means of snap-fitting, screw fixing, etc., which are not limited in this application.
  • the shape of the base 306 is not limited to the cuboid structure shown in FIG. 4-FIG. 5 , but can also be a cube, a cylinder, etc., or even any irregular shape, which is not limited in this application.
  • the material selected for the base 306 may be insulating materials such as plastics and high molecular polymers, which is not limited in this application.
  • An electromagnetic assembly 304 is disposed inside the housing 312 , and the electromagnetic assembly 304 includes an iron core 305 , a coil 308 , a moving shaft 310 and an elastic assembly 311 .
  • one end of the moving shaft 310 is connected to the moving contact 303, and the other end is connected to the iron core 305;
  • the elastic component 311 is nested on the moving shaft 310, and is close to one end of the moving contact 303;
  • the coil 308 is arranged in the casing 312 , and nested on one end of the moving shaft 310 close to the iron core 305 , and nested on the iron core 305 .
  • the movable contact 303 is located directly below the two static contacts 301, and the two are in contact with each other.
  • the moving contact 303 is generally a conductor made of a metal material, which is the same as the material of the static contact 301, so as to prevent two different materials from being connected together to conduct electricity and cause the contact made of one material to oxidize.
  • the contact area of the moving contact 303 close to the static contact is larger than that of the static contact 301, and can be connected to two static contacts 301 at the same time, so that the two static contacts connected to the positive and negative poles of the DC circuit
  • the contacts 301 are connected to realize the conduction of the DC circuit.
  • a metal bracket 307 is provided at the outlet of the casing 312 .
  • a through hole is set on the metal bracket 307, so that one end of the moving shaft 310 nested in the coil 308 is inserted into the through hole, nested in the coil 308, and supports the elastic component 311 on the surface near the base 306 , to provide supporting force for the elastic component 311 .
  • a connection structure (not shown) is provided on one side of the metal bracket 307 close to the outlet of the housing 312 for connecting the coil 308 to the metal bracket 307, so that the moving shaft 310 can be moved more In the coil 308, it is better to pull the moving contact 303 to move up and down.
  • the arc extinguishing structure of the DC contactor 300 includes two arc leading pieces 309 and at least one pair of permanent magnets 302 .
  • the arc starting piece 309 is nested on the fixed contact 301, and is inside the base 306, and a plurality of permanent magnets 302 are arranged on the side wall inside the base 306, and the magnetic field between each pair of permanent magnets 302 , covering the gap between the static contact 301 and the moving contact 303 .
  • the arc striker 309 is a conductor with high temperature resistance, which can be made of magnetically conductive low-carbon steel plate and other conductive materials. , leading to itself, avoiding the arc to burn out the static contact 301 and the moving contact 303 .
  • the arc striker 309 is a structure with a through hole in the middle obtained by cutting and punching a plate, and the shape of the through hole on the arc striker 309 is the same as the cross section of the static contact 301 , Or larger than the section of the static contact 301 , so that the arc runner 309 can be nested on the static contact 309 .
  • the arc starting piece 309 includes two arc starting parts (3091-1, 3091-2) and a plurality of fixing parts 3092, and the two arc starting parts (3091-1, 3091-2) are located at the edge of the through hole on the arc starting piece 309 , and when the arc striker 309 is nested on the static contact 301, the connection line between the two arc strike parts 3091 is parallel or perpendicular to the connection line between the two static contacts 301; multiple fixed parts 3092 is located around the arc striker 309, and is used to fix the arc striker 309 on the base 306 when the arc striker 309 is nested on the static contact 301, so as to prevent the arc striker 309 from falling off from the static contact 301 .
  • connection line between the two arc starting parts 3091 and the connection line between the two static contacts 301 At this time, only a pair of permanent magnets 302 are needed, which are arranged on the line between the two fixed contacts 301, and the direction of the magnetic field between the two permanent magnets 302 is the same as that of the two arc strikers in each arc striker.
  • the connecting lines between the components 3091 differ by a set angle ⁇ .
  • the angle ⁇ is set to 90°, so that the magnetic field generated by the subsequent permanent magnet 302 changes the direction of the arc most obviously.
  • the static contact 301 and the moving contact 303 will generate Since the direction of the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet 302 is perpendicular to the connection line between the arc starting parts 3091, according to the principle of the left-hand rule, the direction of the Lorentz force (magnetic blowing force) on the arc is approximately perpendicular to The center line of the two static contacts, the Lorentz force (magnetic blowing force) can change the direction of the arc and the crawling path of the arc, that is, the generated arc is along the direction approximately perpendicular to the center line of the two static contacts 301 Blow out and lead to the arc starting part 3091-1 or the arc starting part 3091-2, so as to prevent the arc from damaging the static contact 301 and the moving contact 303.
  • the direction of the Lorentz force (magnetic blowing force) on the arc is perpendicular to the direction of the line connecting the two static contacts 301 and the direction of the magnetic field generated by the two permanent magnets 302, and the direction points to the direction shown in Figure 8
  • the direction of the arc generated when the static contact 301 and the movable contact 303 are disconnected or contacted changes, and the original movable contact 303 points vertically to the static contact 301 (or the static contact 301 points vertically
  • the direction of the moving contact 303) is changed to the direction outside the fixed contact 301 from the moving contact 303, so as to guide the arc to the arc starting part 3091-1 (or the arc starting part 3091- 2) on.
  • the direction of the Lorentz force (magnetic blowing force) on the arc is perpendicular to the direction of the line connecting the two static contacts 301 and the direction of the magnetic field generated by the two permanent magnets 302, and the direction points to the direction shown in Figure 9
  • the direction of the arc generated when the static contact 301 and the moving contact 303 are disconnected or in contact changes, and the original static contact 301 points vertically to the moving contact 303 (or the moving contact 303 points vertically to the moving contact 303).
  • the direction of the static contact 301) is changed to point to the outer direction of the static contact 301 from the movable contact 303, so as to realize the arc guiding part 3091-2 (or the arc starting part 3091 -1) on.
  • the arc starting part 3091 is bent at a set angle ⁇ relative to the overall plane of the arc starting piece 309, so that the arc starting piece 309 is nested on the static contact 301, and the arc starting part 3091 is bent.
  • the tip points to the direction of the moving contact 303 , so that the arc generated when the static contact 301 and the moving contact 303 are disconnected or in contact can be guided to the tip of the arc starting component 3091 .
  • the set angle ⁇ is specifically determined according to the depth of the arc runner 309 nested in the static contact 301, the deeper the arc runner 309 is nested in the static contact 301, that is, the closer the arc runner 309 is to the static contact 301 The farther the distance between one end of the movable contact 303 is, the larger the set angle ⁇ is.
  • the angle ⁇ is set at about 45°.
  • the tip of the arc striker 3091 in the arc striker 309 is connected to the static contact 301 , so that the arc striker 3091 The tip maintains equipotentiality with the static contact at any moment.
  • the arc root moves from the static contact 301 to the leading magnetic blowing direction.
  • arc piece 309, and elongate the crawling path of the arc that is, move from track 1 in Fig. 10 to track 2 or track 3 in Fig.
  • the creeping path of the arc is elongated, which helps the arc to extinguish quickly.
  • the present application also provides a type of arc striker 309 , which includes two arc strikers 3091 and multiple fixing members 3092 .
  • arc striker 309 which includes two arc strikers 3091 and multiple fixing members 3092 .
  • Arc leading piece 309 when the arc leading piece 309 shown in Figure 11 is nested on the static contact 301, the connection between the two arc leading parts 3092 in each arc leading piece 309, and the two static contacts 301
  • the connecting lines are parallel, as shown in Figure 12.
  • the direction of the magnetic field between the two permanent magnets 302 is perpendicular to the line between the two fixed contacts 301, the direction of the magnetic field between each pair of permanent magnets 302 is also consistent with the two
  • the connection line between the arc starting parts 3091 is perpendicular, so that the arc generated when the static contact 301 and the moving contact 303 are disconnected or contacted, the direction of the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet 302 and the connection line between the arc starting parts 3091 Therefore, according to the left-hand rule principle, the direction of the Lorentz force (magnetic blowing force) on the arc is approximately perpendicular to the line connecting the centers of the two static contacts, and the Lorentz force (magnetic blowing force) will The direction is rotated to set the angle ⁇ , that is, the generated arc is blown out along the direction approximately perpendicular to the center line of the two static contacts 301, and guided to the arc starting part 3091-1 or the arc starting part 3091-2, thereby avoiding the arc
  • the shape of the arc-leading piece 309 is not limited to the structure shown in Figure 6 and Figure 11, but can also be other structures, such as the shape of the outer edge is a circle, a square, etc., or even other irregular shapes. Applications are also not limited here.
  • At least one pair of permanent magnets is arranged around the two static contacts, so that the magnetic field between each pair of permanent magnets covers the gap between the two static contacts and the moving contacts, and then the two static contacts
  • An arc-leading piece is respectively nested on the contact, and two arc-starting parts are arranged on each arc-leading piece, and the connection line between the two arc-starting parts on each arc-leading piece is connected with each pair of permanent magnets.
  • the difference between the magnetic field and the set angle ⁇ makes the arc generated when the two static contacts and the moving contacts contact or disconnect, under the action of the Lorentz force (magnetic blowing force), the direction of the arc is changed, and the arc is guided To the arc starting parts, not only can a large amount of arc energy be taken away from the static contacts, protect the static contacts and moving contacts from being burned out, but also lengthen the crawling path of the arc, which is helpful for the rapid extinguishment of the arc.
  • Lorentz force magnetic blowing force
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a DC circuit, in which at least one DC contactor as described in FIGS. 3-12 and the above corresponding protection schemes is connected. Since the DC circuit includes the DC contactor, the DC circuit has all or at least some of the advantages of the DC contactor.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides an electric device, the electric device is connected with at least one DC contactor as described in Fig. 3-Fig. 12 and the corresponding protection scheme above. Since the electrical equipment includes the DC contactor, the electrical equipment has all or at least part of the advantages of the DC contactor.

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  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)

Abstract

提供一种直流接触器（100，300）、直流电路和用电设备，尤其涉及直流电路技术领域。其中，直流接触器（100，300）中，在两个静触头（101，301）周围设置至少一对永磁体（104，302），让每一对永磁体（104，302）之间的磁场覆盖两个静触头（101，301）与动触头（107，204）之间的空隙，然后在两个静触头（101，301）上分别嵌套一个引弧片（106，309），每个引弧片（106，309）上设置两个引弧部件（3901，3901-1，3901-2），并让每个引弧片（106，309）上的两个引弧部件（3901，3901-1，3901-2）之间的连线，与每一对永磁体（104，302）之间的磁场相差设定角度，使得两个静触头（101，301）与动触头（107，204）在接触或断开时产生的电弧，在洛伦兹力的作用下，改变电弧的方向，将电弧引导到引弧部件（3901，3901-1，3901-2）上，不仅实现将大量电弧能量从静触头（101，301）引走，保护静触头（101，301）和动触头（107，204）不被烧坏，还将电弧的爬行路径拉长，有助于电弧快速熄灭。

Description

一种直流接触器、直流电路和用电设备
本申请要求于2021年09月30日提交中国国家知识产权局、申请号为202122399215.3、申请名称为“一种直流接触器、直流电路和用电设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及直流电路技术领域，尤其涉及一种直流接触器、直流电路和用电设备。
背景技术
直流接触器作为控制直流电路的导通和断开的必备元器件之一，其应用越来越普遍。直流接触器内部有静触头、动触头和推动动触头移动的电磁组件，其工作原理为：通过控制移动组件推动动触头与静触头接触，让直流电路导通，通过控制移动组件推动动触头与静触头分离，让直流电路断路。
在高电压、大电流的直流电路中，直流接触器中的动触头与静触头分离时，会产生电弧。由于直流电并不像交流一样存在便于电弧熄灭的过零点，所以直流电产生的电弧并不容易熄灭，然而电弧燃烧时会产生几千度高温，如果不能让电弧快速熄灭，会损害直流接触器内部的静触头、动触头等部件，从而影响产品的使用寿命。
发明内容
为了解决上述的问题，本申请的实施例中提供了一种直流接触器、直流电路和用电设备，通过在两个静触头周围设置永磁体和引弧片，通过永磁体产生的磁场，改变静触头与动触头之间产生的电弧的方向和轨迹，将电弧引导到引弧片上，避免烧坏直流接触器中的静触头、动触头等元器件。
为此，本申请的实施例中采用如下技术方案：
第一方面，本申请实施例中提供一种直流接触器，包括：两个第一触头，分别电连接在直流电路的两端上；第二触头，用于与所述两个第一触头接触时，使所述直流电路导通，或与所述两个第一触头分离时，使所述直流电路断路；至少一对永磁体，每一对永磁体之间的磁场，覆盖所述两个第一触头与所述第二触头之间的空隙，所述磁场用于改变所述两个第一触头与所述第二触头之间产生的电弧的方向和轨迹；两个引弧片，分别嵌套在所述两个第一触头上；每个引弧片包括两个引弧部件，所述每个引弧片上的所述两个引弧部件之间的连线，与所述每一对永磁体之间的磁场方向相差设定角度，用于转移所述电弧，并拉长所述电弧的弧长。
在该实施方式中，在两个第一触头周围设置至少一对永磁体，让每一对永磁体之间的磁场覆盖两个第一触头与第二触头之间的空隙，然后在两个第一触头上分别嵌套一个引弧片，每个引弧片上设置两个引弧部件，并让每个引弧片上的两个引弧部件之间的连线，与每一对永磁体之间的磁场相差设定角度，使得两个第一触头与第二触头在接触或断开时产生的电弧，在洛伦兹力(磁吹力)的作用下，改变电弧的方向，将电弧引导到引弧部件上，不仅实现将大量电弧能量从第一触头引走，保护第一触头和第二触头不被烧坏，还将电弧的爬行路径拉长，有助于电弧快速熄灭。
在一种实施方式中，所述设定角度为90°。
在该实施方式中，通过让每个引弧片上的两个引弧部件之间的连线，与每一对永磁体之间的磁场相垂直，使得后续永磁体产生的磁场改变电弧的方向最明显，很好的将电弧引导至引弧片上。
在一种实施方式中，所述至少一对永磁体包括一对永磁体，所述一对永磁体设置在所述两个第一触头连线方向上，且所述一对永磁体之间的磁场方向，与所述两个第一触头之间的连线平行。
在该实施方式中，如果每个引弧片上两个引弧部件之间的连线与两个第一触头之间连线相垂直，此时仅需要一对永磁体即可，分别设置在两个第一触头连线上，且处在两个第一触头外侧，从而达到产生的磁场可以改变电弧的方向和轨迹的效果。
在一种实施方式中，所述至少一对永磁体包括两对永磁体，每一对永磁体设置在垂直于所述两个第一触头连线方向上，且所述每一对永磁体之间的磁场方向，与所述两个第一触头连线方向垂直。
在该实施方式中，如果每个引弧片上两个引弧部件之间的连线与两个第一触头之间连线相平行，此时需要两对永磁体，分别设置在两个第一触头周围，且每对永磁体之间的磁场方向与两个第一触头之间连线相垂直，从而达到产生的磁场可以改变电弧的方向和轨迹的效果。
在一种实施方式中，所述每个引弧片上的所述两个引弧部件的尖部靠近对应的第一触头。
在一种实施方式中，所述每个引弧片上的所述两个引弧部件的尖部与所述对应的第一触头接触。
在该实施方式中，引弧片中的引弧部件的尖部靠近第一触头，或与第一触头相连，使得引弧部件的尖部在任意时刻与第一触头保持等电位，避免增大电位，增加引弧难度。
在一种实施方式中，所述每个引弧片上所述两个引弧部件，与所述引弧片之间的夹角为45°。
在一种实施方式中，所述引弧片由耐高温的导电材料构成。
在该实施方式中，引弧片采用如导磁的低碳钢板，以及其它导电材料构成，可以避免被电弧烧坏，从而增加产品的使用寿命。
在一种实施方式中，还包括：基座，所述基座的一侧表面上设置有两个通孔，用于嵌套并固定所述两个第一触头。
在该实施方式中，通过增加基座，将第一触头、第二触头等元器件设置在基座内部，可以保护元器件不被损坏。
在一种实施方式中，所述每个引弧片还包括多个固定部件，用于在所述引弧片嵌套在所述第一触头上，将所述引弧片固定在所述基座上。
在该实施方式中，通过在引弧片上布置多个固定部件，让引弧片通过固定部件固定在基座上，避免放置引弧片位置发生变化，从而影响灭弧效果。
在一种实施方式中，还包括电磁组件，用于在通电时，推动所述第二触头沿第一方向移动，使所述第二触头与所述两个第一触头分离，所述第一方向为从所述第一触头指向所述第二触头的方向。
在该实施方式中，将电磁组件与第二触头连接，通过控制电磁组件，让第二触头与两个第一触头接触或分离，从而实现控制整个电路的导通或断开。
在一种实施方式中，还包括：壳体，用于放置所述电磁组件。
在该实施方式中，通过增加壳体，将电磁组件放置在壳体中，可以保护电磁组件中各个 部件不被损坏。
第二方面，本申请实施例中提供一种直流电路，包括至少一个如第一方面各个可能实现的直流接触器。
第三方面，本申请实施例中提供一种用电设备，包括至少一个如第一方面各个可能实现的直流接触器。
附图说明
下面对实施例或现有技术描述中所需使用的附图作简单地介绍。
图1为现有技术一中提供的一种直流接触器的正面截面图；
图2为现有技术一中提供的一种直流接触器的侧面截面图；
图3为现有技术二中提供的一种直流接触器的截面图；
图4为本申请实施例中提供的一种直流接触器的正面截面图；
图5为本申请实施例中提供的一种直流接触器的侧面截面图；
图6为本申请实施例中提供的一种引弧片的结构示意图；
图7为本申请实施例中提供的一种引弧片和永磁体在整个直流接触器中布置方式的示意图；
图8为本申请实施例中提供的一种电弧在永磁体产生的磁场中实现转向原理示意图；
图9为本申请实施例中提供的另一种电弧在永磁体产生的磁场中实现转向原理示意图；
图10为本申请实施例中提供的引弧片上的引弧部件与静触头之间的关系示意图；
图11为本申请实施例中提供的另一种引弧片的结构示意图；
图12为本申请实施例中提供的另一种引弧片和永磁体在整个直流接触器中布置方式的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行描述。
在本申请的描述中，术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，还可以是抵触连接或一体的连接；对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
在本说明书的描述中，具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以适合的方式结合。
现有技术中，为了让直流接触器中产生的电弧快速熄灭，一般在直流接触器中增加灭弧组件，具体为：
图1、图2为现有技术一中的一种直流接触器的截面图。如图1所示，该直流接触器100包括静触头101、灭弧罩102、永磁铁104、灭弧件106、动触头107、壳体112、侧壁结构113等部件。其中，直流接触器100中的灭弧结构包括灭弧罩102、永磁体104和灭弧件106，穿过灭弧罩102并坐落其上有两个静触头101，在两个静触头101的下方设有动触头107，动触头107在与 静触头101接触或分离会产生电弧；每个静触头101的外侧分别设有用于磁吹的永磁铁104，永磁铁104的磁场方向与两个静触头101中心连线的方向平行；每个静触头101与其对应的外侧的永磁铁104之间设置有由陶瓷材料构成的灭弧件106，灭弧件106上设置有侧壁结构113，用于阻挡至少部分电弧和/或用于增加电弧爬行距离；侧壁结构113上设有供电弧吹过的开口，位于第一侧壁113-1与第二侧壁113-2之间，用于收窄电弧。
现有技术一中，通过在静触头101与动触头107之间空隙的周围，设置有由陶瓷材料构成的灭弧件106，实现让电弧快速熄灭，但是灭弧件106仅能阻挡部分电弧，仍有可能烧坏静触头、动触头等部件，且陶瓷材料的灭弧件106成本比较高，且结构比较复杂，不容易安装到壳体112中。
图3为现有技术二中的一种直流接触器的截面图。如图2所示，该直流接触器200包括静触头(202,203)、动触头204、金属杯209、灭弧室(210,211)、电磁系统212、壳体213、灭弧系统等部件。其中，灭弧系统包括灭弧室和灭弧空腔；直流接触器200上部型腔中的动触头204下方设有隔板，隔板上设有灭弧室(210,211)，灭弧室(210,211)设于直流接触器200的动触头204与静触头(202,203)相对运动区域的外侧周边；所述壳体213和所述电磁系统212的金属杯209外周之间设有从直流接触器200上部型腔延伸到下部型腔的灭弧空腔。现有技术二中，通过在灭弧空腔内布置多个灭弧栅片，来直流接触器200的提高灭弧能力，实现高温燃弧气体在直流接触器200的上部空腔和下部空腔的气道中循环与扩散，加强电弧冷却效果，避免污染直流接触器200的主腔体，进一步提升了灭弧能力，保证了直流接触器的安全使用。但是，这种结构的直流接触器200的体积比较大，且灭弧原理比较复杂，造成直流接触器200成本比较高。
现有技术一和现有技术二公开的直流接触器，都通过增加了灭弧结构，来快速熄灭电弧。但是现有的直流接触器中的灭弧结构比较复杂，且成本比较高。因此，本申请实施例提供了一种直接接触器，其灭弧结构不仅简单，而且制造成本比较低，具体为：
图4、图5为本申请实施例中提供的一种直流接触器的正面截面图。如图所示，该直流接触器300包括：静触头301、永磁体302、动触头303、铁芯305、基座306、金属支架307、线圈308、引弧片309、移动轴310、弹性组件311和壳体312。其中，两个静触头301穿过基座306，嵌套并固定在基座306上；基座306叠加并固定在壳体312的开口处，将壳体312构成一个密封结构，避免外界的杂质、水等污染物进入壳体312中，造成整个直流接触器300短路、堵塞等问题。
静触头301是由金属材料构成的导体，在与外界直流电路连接后，可以传递电信号。本申请中，两个静触头301通过嵌套并固定在基座306上，且基座306叠加并固定在壳体312的开口处，使得两个静触头301位置不变，以便后续动触头303上下移动时，可以与两个静触头301接触和断开，实现直流电路导通和断路。
本申请中，静触头301的形状不仅限于图4-图5所示的长方体，还可以为圆柱体、正方体等等，甚至可以为任意不规则形状，本申请在此不作限定。静触头301选用的材料，可以为铜以及相同电导率的金属，以及其金属合金等其它材料，本申请在此也不作限定。
基座306一般采用绝缘材料构成的壳体，用于嵌套并固定两个静触头301，以及叠加并固定在壳体312的开口处，不仅与壳体312构成密封结构，避免外界污染物进入壳体312中，造成处在壳体312中的电路出现短路和部件之间出现堵塞问题；还可以保护壳体312中突出的部件，避免壳体312中突出壳体312的部件暴露在外界，造成损坏。
结合图4-图5所示，基座306的形状为长方体。其中，基座306的上表面，也即嵌套静触头 301一侧的表面，设置有两个通孔，该通孔的形状与静触头301的截面形状相同，使得基座306可以通过通孔嵌套在静触头301上，并将静触头301固定在基座306的通孔处。
可选地，结合图5所示，基座306的通孔的部分边缘或四周设置有卡合件3061，用于固定静触头301。卡合件3061形状呈“L”形，其包括第一部分和第二部分，第一部分是指卡合件3061的垂直于上表面的部分，第二部分是指卡合件3061的平行于上表面的部分。第一部分的一端连接在通孔的边缘上，第二部分位于第一部分的背离基座306四周侧面的一侧上。当基座306的通孔嵌套在静触头301上，通过挤压卡合件3061的第一部分向靠近基座306四周侧面移动，可以将静触头301固定在通孔中；当静触头301不断地沉入基座306的通孔中，抵达到卡合件3061的第二部分后，可以限制静触头301不断地沉入基座306的通孔中，避免静触头301掉进基座306中。
基座306的下表面，也即与上表面相对一侧的表面，设置有一个通孔，该通孔的形状与壳体312的开口处的形状相同，通过与壳体312的开口处连接，使得基座306与壳体312构成一个密闭空间，以免外界的污染物进入该密闭空间。可选地，基座306的下表面与壳体312之间的连接方式，可以为卡合件卡合、螺丝固定等方式实现连接，本申请在此不作限定。
本申请中，基座306的形状不仅限于图4-图5所示的长方体结构，还可以为正方体、圆柱体等等，甚至可以为任意不规则形状，本申请在此不作限定。基座306选用的材料，可以为塑料、高分子聚合物等绝缘材料，本申请在此也不作限定。
在壳体312内部设置有电磁组件304，该电磁组件304包括铁芯305、线圈308、移动轴310和弹性组件311。其中，移动轴310的一端与动触头303连接，另一端与铁芯305连接；弹性组件311嵌套在移动轴310上，且靠近动触头303的一端；线圈308设置在壳体312中，并嵌套在移动轴310的靠近铁芯305的一端，以及嵌套在铁芯305上。当基座306与壳体312连接后，动触头303位于两个静触头301的正下方，且两者之间相互接触。
其中，动触头303一般是由金属材料构成的导体，与静触头301的材料相同，避免两种不同材料的连接在一起进行导电，造成一种材料构成的触头氧化。可选地，动触头303的靠近静触头的接触面积比静触头301的接触面积大，可以同时与两个静触头301连接，使得与直流电路的正极和负极连接的两个静触头301连接，实现直流电路导通。
可选地，在壳体312的出口处设置一个金属支架307。该金属支架307上设置一个通孔，使得移动轴310的嵌套在线圈308的一端插入该通孔中，嵌套在线圈308中，并将弹性组件311支撑在靠近基座306一侧表面上，为弹性组件311提供支撑力。可选地，在金属支架307的靠近壳体312的出口处的一侧设置连接结构(图中未示出)，用于将线圈308连接在金属支架307上，使得移动轴310更多的处在线圈308中，更好拉动动触头303上下移动。
电磁组件304中的线圈308不通电时，线圈308内部不会产生励磁磁场，移动轴310和铁芯305在弹性组件311的弹性力作用下，将动触头303推动到与两个静触头301接触，实现直流接触器300所处的直流电路处于导通状态；当线圈308通电时，在线圈308内部会产生励磁磁场，将推动铁芯305由壳体312出口处向壳体312内部的方向移动，通过移动轴310拉动动触头303，压缩弹性组件311，使得动触头303与两个静触头301之间分离，实现直流接触器300所处的直流电路处于断开状态。
本申请实施例中，直流接触器300的灭弧结构包括两个引弧片309和至少一对永磁体302。其中，引弧片309嵌套在静触头301上，且处在基座306内部，多个永磁体302设置在基座306内部的侧壁上，且每一对永磁体302之间的磁场，覆盖静触头301与动触头303之间的间隙。
引弧片309是一种具有耐高温的导体，可以由导磁的低碳钢板，以及其它导电材料构成， 其作用是将静触头301与动触头303在断开或接触时产生的电弧，引导到自身，避免电弧烧坏静触头301和动触头303。示例性地，如图6所示，引弧片309是通过对一块板材进行裁剪、冲压得到中间有一个通孔的结构，引弧片309上的通孔形状与静触头301的截面相同，或大于静触头301的截面，以便引弧片309可以嵌套在静触头309上。
引弧片309包括两个引弧部件(3091-1，3091-2)和多个固定部件3092，两个引弧部件(3091-1，3091-2)位于引弧片309上的通孔边缘上，且在引弧片309嵌套在静触头301上时，两个引弧部件3091之间的连线，与两个静触头301之间的连线平行或垂直；多个固定部件3092位于引弧片309的四周，用于在引弧片309嵌套在静触头301上时，将引弧片309固定在基座306上，避免引弧片309从静触头301上脱落。
结合图7所示，当两个引弧片309分别嵌套在两个静触头301上时，两个引弧部件3091之间的连线，与两个静触头301之间的连线相垂直，此时仅需要一对永磁体302，设置在两个静触头301之间连线上，且两个永磁体302之间的磁场方向与每个引弧片中的两个引弧部件3091之间的连线相差设定角度φ。优选的，设定角度φ为90°，使得后续永磁体302产生的磁场改变电弧的方向最明显。
当两个永磁体302之间的磁场方向与每个引弧片中的两个引弧部件3091之间的连线相垂直时，静触头301与动触头303在断开或接触时产生的电弧，由于永磁体302产生的磁场方向与引弧部件3091之间的连线相垂直，所以根据左手定则原理，电弧所受的洛伦兹力(磁吹力)的方向为近似垂直于两静触头中心连线，该洛伦兹力(磁吹力)可以改变电弧的方向和电弧的爬行路径，也即将所产生的电弧沿着近似垂直于两静触头301中心连线的方向吹出，引导到引弧部件3091-1或引弧部件3091-2上，从而避免电弧损坏静触头301和动触头303。
示例性地，如图8所示，当直流电路中的电流正极与静触头301-1连接，负极与静触头301-2连接，则电流方向为：静触头301-1→动触头303→静触头301-2。根据左右定则原理，电弧所受的洛伦兹力(磁吹力)的方向，垂直于两静触头301连线方向，以及垂直两个永磁体302产生磁场方向，且方向指向图8所示平面的外侧，使得静触头301与动触头303在断开或接触时产生的电弧的方向发生改变，由原先的动触头303垂直指向静触头301(或静触头301垂直指向动触头303)的方向，变化到由动触头303指向静触头301外侧方向，从而实现将电弧引导到引弧片309的一侧的引弧部件3091-1(或引弧部件3091-2)上。
示例性地，如图9所示，当直流电路中的电流正极与静触头301-2连接，负极与静触头301-1连接，则电流方向为：静触头301-2→动触头303→静触头301-1。根据左右定则原理，电弧所受的洛伦兹力(磁吹力)的方向，垂直于两静触头301连线方向，以及垂直两个永磁体302产生磁场方向，且方向指向图9所示平面的内侧，使得静触头301与动触头303在断开或接触时产生的电弧的方向发生改变，由原先的静触头301垂直指向动触头303(或动触头303垂直指向静触头301)的方向，变化到由动触头303指向静触头301外侧方向，从而实现将电弧引导到引弧片309的另一侧的引弧部件3091-2(或引弧部件3091-1)上。
结合图6所示，引弧部件3091相对于引弧片309整体平面，弯折出设定角度θ，使得引弧片309嵌套在静触头301上，弯折出得引弧部件3091的尖部，指向动触头303方向，让静触头301与动触头303在断开或接触时产生的电弧，可以引导到引弧部件3091的尖部上。可选地，设定角度θ具体根据引弧片309嵌套在静触头301的深度决定，引弧片309嵌套在静触头301的深度越深，也即与静触头301的靠近动触头303一端的距离越远，设定角度θ越大。优选地，设定角度θ在45°左右。
示例性地，如图10所示，当引弧片309嵌套在静触头301上，引弧片309中的引弧部件3091 的尖部与静触头301相连，使得引弧部件3091的尖部在任意时刻与静触头保持等电位。当静触头301与动触头303在断开或接触时产生的电弧后，在洛伦兹力F(磁吹力)的作用下，电弧弧根磁吹方向从静触头301移至引弧片309，并且将电弧的爬行路径拉长，即从图10中的轨迹1，移向图10中的轨迹2或轨迹3，不仅实现将大量电弧能量从静触头301引走，还将电弧的爬行路径拉长，有助于电弧快速熄灭。
可选地，如图11所示，本申请还提供了一种类型的引弧片309，该引弧片309包括两个引弧部件3091和多个固定部件3092，相比较图6所示的引弧片309，当图11所示的引弧片309嵌套在静触头301上，每个引弧片309中的两个引弧部件3092之间连线，与两个静触头301之间连线平行，如图12所示。
结合图12所示，当图11所示的引弧片309嵌套在静触头301上，此时需要两对永磁体302，分别设置在垂直于两个静触头301之间连线上，且每一对永磁体302之间的磁场方向与两个静触头301之间连线相差设定角度φ。优选的，设定角度φ为90°，使得后续永磁体302产生的磁场改变电弧的方向最明显。
当两个永磁体302之间的磁场方向与两个静触头301之间连线相垂直时，使得每一对永磁体302之间的磁场方向，也与每个引弧片中的两个引弧部件3091之间的连线相垂直，以便静触头301与动触头303在断开或接触时产生的电弧，由于永磁体302产生的磁场方向与引弧部件3091之间的连线相垂直，所以根据左手定则原理，电弧所受的洛伦兹力(磁吹力)的方向为近似垂直于两静触头中心连线，该洛伦兹力(磁吹力)将电弧的方向旋转设定角度φ，也即将所产生的电弧沿着近似垂直于两静触头301中心连线的方向吹出，引导到引弧部件3091-1或引弧部件3091-2上，从而避免电弧损坏静触头301和动触头303。具体实现过程，可以参考图4-图11和上述对应技术方案，本申请在此不再赘述了。
本申请中，引弧片309的形状不仅限于图6和图11所示的结构，还可以为其它结构，如外侧边缘形状为圆形、正方形等形状，甚至还可以为其它不规则形状，本申请在此也不作限定。
本申请实施例中，在两个静触头周围设置至少一对永磁体，让每一对永磁体之间的磁场覆盖两个静触头与动触头之间的空隙，然后在两个静触头上分别嵌套一个引弧片，每个引弧片上设置两个引弧部件，并让每个引弧片上的两个引弧部件之间的连线，与每一对永磁体之间的磁场相差设定角度φ，使得两个静触头与动触头在接触或断开时产生的电弧，在洛伦兹力(磁吹力)的作用下，改变电弧的方向，将电弧引导到引弧部件上，不仅实现将大量电弧能量从静触头引走，保护静触头和动触头不被烧坏，还将电弧的爬行路径拉长，有助于电弧快速熄灭。
本申请实施例中还提供了一种直流电路，该直流电路中连接有至少一个如图3-图12和上述对应保护方案中记载的直流接触器。由于该直流电路包括该直流接触器，因此该直流电路具有该直流接触器的所有或至少部分优点。
本申请实施例中还提供了一种用电设备，该用电设备中连接有至少一个如图3-图12和上述对应保护方案中记载的直流接触器。由于该用电设备包括该直流接触器，因此该用电设备具有该直流接触器的所有或至少部分优点。
在本说明书的描述中，具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以适合的方式结合。
最后说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例中所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改 或替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例中技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种直流接触器(300)，其特征在于，包括：
    两个第一触头(301)，分别电连接在直流电路的两端上；
    第二触头(303)，用于与所述两个第一触头接触时，使所述直流电路导通，或与所述两个第一触头分离时，使所述直流电路断路；
    至少一对永磁体(302)，每一对永磁体之间的磁场，覆盖所述两个第一触头与所述第二触头之间的空隙，所述磁场用于改变所述两个第一触头与所述第二触头之间产生的电弧的方向和轨迹；
    两个引弧片(309)，分别嵌套在所述两个第一触头上；每个引弧片包括两个引弧部件(3091)，所述每个引弧片上的所述两个引弧部件之间的连线，与所述每一对永磁体之间的磁场方向相差设定角度，用于转移所述电弧，并拉长所述电弧的弧长。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的直流接触器，其特征在于，所述设定角度为90°。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的直流接触器，其特征在于，所述至少一对永磁体包括一对永磁体，
    所述一对永磁体设置在所述两个第一触头连线方向上，且所述一对永磁体之间的磁场方向，与所述两个第一触头之间的连线平行。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述的直流接触器，其特征在于，所述至少一对永磁体包括两对永磁体，
    每一对永磁体设置在垂直于所述两个第一触头连线方向上，且所述每一对永磁体之间的磁场方向，与所述两个第一触头连线方向垂直。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任意一项所述的直流接触器，其特征在于，所述每个引弧片上的所述两个引弧部件的尖部靠近对应的第一触头。
  6. 根据权利要求1-4任意一项所述的直流接触器，其特征在于，所述每个引弧片上的所述两个引弧部件的尖部与所述对应的第一触头接触。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任意一项所述的直流接触器，其特征在于，所述每个引弧片上所述两个引弧部件，与所述引弧片之间的夹角为45°。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7任意一项所述的直流接触器，其特征在于，所述引弧片由耐高温的导电材料构成。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8任意一项所述的直流接触器，其特征在于，还包括：
    基座(306)，所述基座的一侧表面上设置有两个通孔，用于嵌套并固定所述两个第一触头。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的直流接触器，其特征在于，所述每个引弧片还包括多个固定部件(3092)，用于在所述引弧片嵌套在所述第一触头上，将所述引弧片固定在所述基座上。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10任意一项所述的直流接触器，其特征在于，还包括电磁组件(304)，用于在通电时，推动所述第二触头沿第一方向移动，使所述第二触头与所述两个第一触头分离，所述第一方向为从所述第一触头指向所述第二触头的方向。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的直流接触器，其特征在于，还包括：壳体(312)，用于放置所述电磁组件。
  13. 一种直流电路，其特征在于，包括至少一个如权利要求1-12所述的直流接触器。
  14. 一种用电设备，其特征在于，包括至少一个如权利要求1-12所述的直流接触器。
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