WO2023046169A1

WO2023046169A1 - Alveolar gas concentration measurement apparatus and method for separated airway

Info

Publication number: WO2023046169A1
Application number: PCT/CN2022/121351
Authority: WO
Inventors: 罗邦雄; 杨雷; 张权锋; 罗景庭; 黄锦波; 黄秀松; 杨丽华
Original assignee: 惠雨恩科技(深圳)有限公司
Priority date: 2021-09-27
Filing date: 2022-09-26
Publication date: 2023-03-30
Also published as: CN113777244A

Abstract

An alveolar gas concentration measurement apparatus and method for a separated airway. The alveolar gas concentration measurement apparatus for a separated airway comprises a first airway (10) and a second airway (20). The first airway (10) comprises an air inlet end (A) and an air outlet end (B); the first airway (10) is provided with a first electromagnetic valve (11), an air pump (12), and a concentration measurement module (13); the first electromagnetic valve (11) is disposed at the end of the first airway (10) close to the air inlet end (A); and the concentration measurement module (13) is disposed at the end of the first airway (10) close to the air outlet end (B). The second airway (20) is provided with a state monitoring module (21); the state monitoring module (21) is electrically connected to the first electromagnetic valve (11); and the state monitoring module (21) is used for monitoring an exhalation state. The alveolar gas concentration measurement apparatus for a separated airway has high applicability and can meet the requirement of continuous monitoring.

Description

Alveolar gas concentration detection device and method for isolated airway

technical field

The present application relates to the technical field of breath collection, in particular to an alveolar gas concentration detection device and method for separating airways.

Background technique

Exhalation disease diagnosis technology is emerging as a new in vitro diagnostic technology that is parallel and complementary with blood test and imaging detection. In view of its non-invasive, fast and convenient detection methods, breath diagnosis disease technology is highly regarded by researchers and clinicians at home and abroad. Pay attention, the blue ocean of the relevant market can reach the level of 100 billion. Therefore, institutions at home and abroad are scrambling to develop breath testing instruments. Existing breath testing instruments widely used clinically include breath testers for measuring red blood cell life span and Helicobacter pylori (Hp ) tester, exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) tester for detecting airway inflammation, etc. The use of these breath detection instruments is inseparable from the collection of breath. In human breath analysis, it is more meaningful to collect the gas at the end of exhalation. The gas at the front end of exhalation is also called cavity air. Because it is directly connected to the atmospheric environment, it is generally mixed with more air, and the measurement is greatly affected by the environment; while the gas at the end of exhalation is basically alveolar gas, which is the After blood circulation, the gas that is directly excreted through alveolar gas exchange and can carry a large amount of health status information can best reflect the current health status of the human body.

technical problem

It is not easy to accurately collect the gas at the end of exhalation. For adults who have cognitive ability and can actively cooperate with exhalation, human control and judgment can be used to collect the gas at the end of exhalation by using a solenoid valve or mechanical structure design during the exhalation process. gas. However, current breath testing instruments have high requirements for breathing stability, and the above-mentioned end-of-expiration gas collection method is not suitable for some specific groups of people, such as infants with low cognitive ability and adults with no active consciousness or cognitive impairment . Moreover, this gas collection method at the end of exhalation has low applicability, can only be collected and measured once, and cannot meet the needs of continuous monitoring.

technical solution

In order to solve the above technical problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an alveolar gas concentration detection device and method for isolated airways, which has high applicability and can meet the needs of continuous monitoring.

The first technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a device for detecting alveolar gas concentration that separates the airway, comprising:

The first airway, the first airway includes an air inlet end and an air outlet end, the first airway is provided with a first electromagnetic valve, an air pump and a concentration detection module, and the air pump is arranged on the first electromagnetic valve Between the concentration detection module and the first solenoid valve, the first solenoid valve is arranged at the end of the first airway close to the inlet end, and the concentration detection module is arranged at the first airway close to the air outlet. end of end;

The second airway, the second airway is provided with a state monitoring module, the state monitoring module is electrically connected to the first electromagnetic valve, and the state monitoring module is used to monitor the exhalation state.

Further, the air pump is arranged between the concentration detection module and the first solenoid valve, or the air pump is arranged on the side of the concentration detection module away from the first solenoid valve.

Further, the alveolar gas concentration detection device for separating airways also includes:

A third air passage, one end of the third air passage is connected between the first electromagnetic valve and the air pump, and a second electromagnetic valve is arranged on the third air passage.

Further, the concentration detection module includes a carbon dioxide sensor and a carbon monoxide sensor.

Further, a flow limiting module is set between the air pump and the concentration detection module.

Further, the flow limiting range of the flow limiting module is between 40mL/min-60mL/min.

Further, the condition monitoring module includes a flow sensor or an air pressure sensor.

Further, the inlet end of the first airway and one end of the second airway are integrated into an exhalation collection module.

The second technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a method for detecting alveolar gas concentration of separated airways, comprising:

When the state monitoring module detects the beginning of end-expiration, send a first control signal to the first solenoid valve, so that the first solenoid valve is opened;

Under the action of the air pump, the breath is inhaled into the concentration detection module, and the concentration detection module detects the target gas concentration in the breath.

Further, the concentration detection module detects the target gas concentration in the breath, including:

The carbon dioxide sensor and the carbon monoxide sensor in the concentration detection module record the carbon dioxide concentration and the carbon monoxide concentration in the breath in real time;

When the state monitoring module detects that the end of expiration is over, a second control signal is sent to the first solenoid valve, so that the first solenoid valve is closed;

The state monitoring module continues to monitor the exhalation state, and returns to the step of sending the first control signal to the first solenoid valve to open the first solenoid valve when the end of expiration is detected;

Until the concentration of the carbon monoxide sensor is stable, the measured concentration of carbon monoxide in the alveolar gas is obtained, and the measured concentration of carbon monoxide in the alveolar gas is the target gas concentration.

Beneficial effect

The device for detecting alveolar gas concentration with separated airways provided in the present application includes a first airway and a second airway. Wherein, the first air passage includes an air inlet end and an air outlet end, the first air passage is provided with a first electromagnetic valve, an air pump and a concentration detection module, and the first electromagnetic valve is arranged in the first air passage The concentration detection module is set at the end close to the air inlet end of the first airway; the second airway is provided with a state monitoring module, and the state monitoring module is connected to the air outlet. The first electromagnetic valve is electrically connected, and the state monitoring module is used to monitor the exhalation state. The alveolar gas concentration detection device for separating the airway has high applicability and can meet the requirement of continuous monitoring.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an alveolar gas concentration detection device for separating airways provided in an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 2 is another structural schematic diagram of the alveolar gas concentration detection device for separating the airways provided by the embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 3 is a comparative waveform curve of the concentration and flow rate of carbon dioxide provided by the embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart of a method for detecting alveolar gas concentration in an isolated airway provided in an embodiment of the present application.

Embodiments of the present invention

The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. For the step numbers in the following embodiments, it is only set for the convenience of illustration and description, and the order between the steps is not limited in any way. The execution order of each step in the embodiments can be adapted according to the understanding of those skilled in the art sexual adjustment.

Please refer to FIG. 1 . FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an alveolar gas concentration detection device for separating airways provided in an embodiment of the present application. The device for detecting alveolar gas concentration with separated airways may include a first airway 10 and a second airway 20 .

Wherein, the first air channel 10 includes an air inlet end A and an air outlet end B. The first air channel 10 is provided with a first solenoid valve 11 , an air pump 12 and a concentration detection module 13 . The first solenoid valve 11 is disposed at an end of the first air passage 10 close to the intake end A. As shown in FIG. The concentration detection module 13 is arranged at the end of the first air passage 10 close to the air outlet B. A state monitoring module 21 is arranged on the second airway 20 . The state monitoring module 21 is electrically connected with the first solenoid valve 11 .

In the embodiment of the present application, the intake end A of the first airway 10 and one end of the second airway 20 are integrated into an exhalation collection module. Such as nasal cannula, exhalation mask, etc.

In some embodiments, the air pump 12 can be disposed between the first solenoid valve 11 and the concentration detection module 13 . The air pump 12 can also be arranged on the side of the concentration detection module 13 away from the first electromagnetic valve 11 . The air pump 12 is electrically connected to the state detection module 21 .

It should be noted that the state monitoring module 21 can be used to monitor the exhalation state. Wherein, the condition monitoring module 21 may include a flow sensor or an air pressure sensor.

It should be noted that the closer the first electromagnetic valve 11 is to the air inlet A, the better.

In some embodiments, the alveolar gas concentration detection device for the separated airway can also include a third airway 30, one end of the third airway 30 is connected between the first electromagnetic valve 11 and the air pump 12, and the third airway 30 A second solenoid valve 31 is provided on it.

It should be noted that the third air channel 30 communicates with the air, and the third air channel 30 can be used to detect the gas concentration in the air.

In the embodiment of the present application, the concentration detection module 13 may include a carbon dioxide sensor 131 and a carbon monoxide sensor 132 .

In some embodiments, the carbon dioxide sensor 131 is disposed at the end of the first air passage 10 close to the intake end A, and the carbon monoxide sensor 132 is disposed at the end of the first air passage 10 close to the air discharge end B. It should be noted that the relative positions of the carbon dioxide sensor 131 and the carbon monoxide sensor 132 can be interchanged.

In some embodiments, a flow limiting module 14 is provided between the air pump 12 and the concentration detection module 13 . Wherein, the gas flow limitation range of the flow limiting module 14 is between 40mL/min-60mL/min. Preferably, the gas flow restriction of the flow restriction module 14 is 50mL/min.

Wherein, the flow limiting module 14 may include a flow limiting valve or a capillary. The flow limiting module 14 can be used to detect the gas flow rate entering the concentration detection module 13 .

In some embodiments, the state detection module 21 may also include a control unit, which may be electrically connected to various components in the alveolar gas concentration detection device for separating the airways provided in the embodiment of the present application, so as to realize the signal control.

In the specific implementation process of the alveolar gas concentration detection of the separated airway, the exhalation collection module integrated with the intake end A of the first airway 10 and one end of the second airway 20 can be connected to the patient's oral cavity or nasal cavity . It should be noted that, at this moment, the first solenoid valve 11 is in a closed state. Then, the exhalation state is monitored through the state monitoring module 21 on the second airway 20 .

When the state monitoring module 21 detects the onset of end-expiration, it can send a first control signal to the first solenoid valve 11 to make the first solenoid valve 11 open. At this time, under the action of the air pump 12, breath is inhaled into the concentration detection module 13, and the carbon dioxide sensor 131 and carbon monoxide sensor 132 in the concentration detection module 13 record the carbon dioxide concentration and carbon monoxide concentration in real time.

When the state monitoring module 21 detects that the end of exhalation is over, it can send a second control signal to the first solenoid valve 11 to close the first solenoid valve 11 . Then, the state monitoring module 21 continues to monitor the exhalation state, and returns to the step of sending the first control signal to the first solenoid valve 11 to open the first solenoid valve 11 when the end of expiration is detected.

The above steps are repeated until the concentration of the carbon monoxide sensor 132 is stable, and the measured concentration C1 of carbon monoxide in the alveolar gas is obtained. Then, the correction coefficient a can be obtained according to the concentration indication recorded by the carbon dioxide sensor 131 . Specifically, the concentration data recorded in real time by the carbon dioxide sensor 131 is taken out, and the average value is calculated after removing abnormal values, which is denoted as C2. Correction coefficient a=5%/C2.

Afterwards, the corrected concentration C of carbon monoxide can be obtained through the measured concentration C1 of carbon monoxide and the correction coefficient a. That is, C=a*C1.

It can be understood that continuous monitoring can be realized by repeating the above steps.

It can be understood that since the human body always inhales before exhaling, there is a background concentration of air at the end of exhalation, and the air will affect the measured concentration of carbon monoxide. Therefore, the influence of air on the measured concentration of carbon monoxide needs to be removed.

In some embodiments, a third airway 30 may be provided in the alveolar gas concentration detection device of the separated airway. Wherein, one end of the third air passage 30 is connected between the first solenoid valve 11 and the air pump 12 , and the third air passage 30 is provided with a second solenoid valve 31 . One end of the third air channel 30 is connected between the first electromagnetic valve 11 and the air pump 12 , and the second electromagnetic valve 31 is arranged on the third air channel 30 . It should be noted that, when the first solenoid valve 11 is opened, the second solenoid valve 31 is closed. When the first solenoid valve 11 is closed, the second solenoid valve 31 is opened.

The second solenoid valve 31 can be opened before the end of expiration, or after the end of expiration. Under the action of the air pump 12, the air is sucked into the concentration detection module 13, the carbon dioxide sensor 131 and the carbon monoxide sensor 132 in the concentration detection module 13 record the carbon dioxide concentration and the carbon monoxide concentration in real time at this moment, when the carbon monoxide sensor 132 After the reading is stable, the carbon monoxide concentration C3 in the air is obtained.

Then at this time, the endogenous carbon monoxide concentration C4=a*C1-C3.

It should be noted that during the detection of the alveolar gas concentration of the separated airway, the air pump 12 is always on.

It should be noted that the carbon dioxide concentration waveform under normal breathing conditions can be as shown in FIG. 3 . Indicating the state of respiration through the carbon dioxide concentration curve can better distinguish the various stages of exhalation. The change in the CO2 concentration curve is due to the mixing of ambient air and alveolar air. The carbon dioxide concentration in the inhalation section reflects the carbon dioxide concentration in the environment, and the gas in the inhalation section can be considered as ambient air. The initial expiratory phase can be regarded as the proportional mixture of the ambient air in the inspiratory phase and the alveolar gas in the final expiratory phase. The air in the early part of exhalation can also be considered cavity air. The detection of end-tidal carbon monoxide concentration is essentially the detection of carbon monoxide concentration at the end of expiration. In actual situations, the breathing curve can not only be reflected by the carbon dioxide concentration curve, but also can be better reflected by sensors such as flow sensor/barometric pressure sensor.

The advantage of the flow sensor/air pressure sensor is that the flow sensor reflects the state of breathing by detecting the breathing pressure, and can eliminate the interference caused by the change of gas composition in the air. The key is that the transmission speed of the air pressure is extremely fast, and the response time of the flow sensor (air pressure sensor) is extremely short. For people with a high respiratory rate, it can more accurately reflect the changes in the breathing curve. There is a corresponding relationship between the respiratory carbon dioxide concentration curve and the respiratory flow change curve. As shown in FIG. 3 , the beginning moment of end-expiration corresponds to the peak moment of the flow curve, and the end moment of end-expiration corresponds to the moment when the flow curve just drops to zero. And the periods of the two curves are the same, both are breathing periods. Therefore, the flow sensor (barometric pressure sensor) can be used as an indicating instrument for different stages of respiration like a carbon dioxide sensor.

In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 2, the concentration detection module 13 in the alveolar gas concentration detection device of the separated airway can be removed, and then an air bag 15 is installed on the air outlet B to collect the end-tidal gas gas. Then, the concentration of the end-tidal gas in the air bag 15 is detected by the gas sensor, so as to realize the off-line detection of the end-tidal gas.

It should be noted that the specific steps of off-line detection of end-tidal gas can refer to the above-mentioned embodiments, and details will not be repeated here.

Please refer to FIG. 4 . FIG. 4 is a schematic flowchart of a method for detecting alveolar gas concentration in separated airways provided in an embodiment of the present application. The method for detecting alveolar gas concentration of separated airways is applied to the device for detecting alveolar gas concentration of separated airways in the above embodiments. The specific flow of the method for detecting the alveolar gas concentration of the separated airway can be as follows:

201. When the state monitoring module 21 detects the start of end-expiration, send a first control signal to the first electromagnetic valve 11 and the air pump 12, so that the first electromagnetic valve 11 and the air pump 12 are turned on.

202. Under the action of the air pump 11, the breath is sucked into the concentration detection module 13, and the concentration detection module 13 detects the target gas concentration in the breath.

Wherein, the step "the concentration detection module 13 detects the concentration of the target gas in the breath" may include:

The carbon dioxide sensor 131 and the carbon monoxide sensor 132 in the concentration detection module 13 record the carbon dioxide concentration and the carbon monoxide concentration in the breath in real time;

When the state monitoring module 21 detects that the end of expiration is over, a second control signal is sent to the first electromagnetic valve 11 and the air pump 12, so that the first electromagnetic valve 11 and the air pump 12 are closed;

The state monitoring module 21 continues to monitor the exhalation state, and when it detects that the end of exhalation begins, it returns to the process of sending the first control signal to the first electromagnetic valve 11 and the air pump 12, so that the first electromagnetic valve 11 and the air pump 12 are opened. step;

Until the concentration of the carbon monoxide sensor 132 is stable, the measured concentration of carbon monoxide in the alveolar gas is obtained, and the measured concentration of carbon monoxide in the alveolar gas is the target gas concentration.

For details of the above operations, reference may be made to the various embodiments of the above-mentioned alveolar gas concentration detection device for separating airways, and details are not repeated here. It should be noted that the meanings of the nouns are the same as those in the above-mentioned alveolar gas concentration detection device for separating airways, and specific implementation details can refer to the descriptions in the method embodiments.

To sum up, the device for detecting alveolar gas concentration with separated airways provided in the embodiment of the present application includes a first airway 10 and a second airway 20 . Wherein, the first air channel 10 includes an air inlet end A and an air outlet end B. The first air channel 10 is provided with a first solenoid valve 11 , an air pump 12 and a concentration detection module 13 . The first solenoid valve 11 is disposed at an end of the first air passage 10 close to the intake end A. As shown in FIG. The concentration detection module 13 is arranged at the end of the first air passage 10 close to the air outlet B. A state monitoring module 21 is arranged on the second airway 20 . The state monitoring module 21 is electrically connected with the first electromagnetic valve 11, and the state monitoring module 21 is used for monitoring the exhalation state. The alveolar gas concentration detection device for separating the airway has high applicability and can meet the requirement of continuous monitoring.

The above is a specific description of the preferred implementation of the present invention, but the invention is not limited to the described embodiments, and those skilled in the art can also make various equivalent deformations or replacements without violating the spirit of the present invention. , these equivalent modifications or replacements are all within the scope defined by the claims of the present application.

Claims

An alveolar gas concentration detection device for separating airways, characterized in that it comprises:

The first airway, the first airway includes an air inlet end and an air outlet end, the first airway is provided with a first electromagnetic valve, an air pump and a concentration detection module, and the first electromagnetic valve is arranged on the first airway An air channel is close to the end of the air inlet, and the concentration detection module is arranged at the end of the first air channel close to the air outlet;

The second airway, the second airway is provided with a state monitoring module, the state monitoring module is electrically connected to the first electromagnetic valve, and the state monitoring module is used to monitor the exhalation state.
The alveolar gas concentration detection device for separating airways according to claim 1, wherein the air pump is arranged between the concentration detection module and the first solenoid valve, or the air pump is arranged between the concentration detection module and the first solenoid valve. The side of the detection module away from the first solenoid valve.
The alveolar gas concentration detecting device for separating airways according to claim 2, wherein the alveolar gas concentration detecting device for separating airways further comprises:

A third air passage, one end of the third air passage is connected between the first electromagnetic valve and the air pump, and a second electromagnetic valve is arranged on the third air passage.
The alveolar gas concentration detection device for separating airways according to claim 1, wherein the concentration detection module includes a carbon dioxide sensor and a carbon monoxide sensor.
The alveolar gas concentration detection device for separating airways according to claim 1, wherein a flow limiting module is arranged between the air pump and the concentration detection module.
The alveolar gas concentration detection device for separating airways according to claim 5, wherein the flow limiting range of the flow limiting module is between 40mL/min-60mL/min.
The alveolar gas concentration detection device for separated airways according to claim 1, wherein the state monitoring module includes a flow sensor or an air pressure sensor.
The alveolar gas concentration detection device for separated airways according to claim 1, wherein the air intake end of the first airway and one end of the second airway are integrated into an exhalation collection module.
A method for detecting alveolar gas concentration of separated airways, applied to the device for detecting alveolar gas concentration of separated airways according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that it comprises:

When the state monitoring module detects the beginning of end-expiration, send a first control signal to the first solenoid valve, so that the first solenoid valve is opened;

Under the action of the air pump, the breath is inhaled into the concentration detection module, and the concentration detection module detects the target gas concentration in the breath.
The method for detecting the alveolar gas concentration of separated airways according to claim 9, wherein the concentration detection module detects the concentration of the target gas in the exhalation, comprising:

The carbon dioxide sensor and the carbon monoxide sensor in the concentration detection module record the carbon dioxide concentration and the carbon monoxide concentration in the breath in real time;

When the state monitoring module detects that the end of expiration is over, a second control signal is sent to the first solenoid valve, so that the first solenoid valve is closed;

The state monitoring module continues to monitor the exhalation state, and returns to the step of sending the first control signal to the first solenoid valve to open the first solenoid valve when the end of expiration is detected;

Until the concentration of the carbon monoxide sensor is stable, the measured concentration of carbon monoxide in the alveolar gas is obtained, and the measured concentration of carbon monoxide in the alveolar gas is the target gas concentration.