WO2023045599A1 - 一种电机及车辆 - Google Patents

一种电机及车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023045599A1
WO2023045599A1 PCT/CN2022/111314 CN2022111314W WO2023045599A1 WO 2023045599 A1 WO2023045599 A1 WO 2023045599A1 CN 2022111314 W CN2022111314 W CN 2022111314W WO 2023045599 A1 WO2023045599 A1 WO 2023045599A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
stator slot
layer
winding structure
stator
layers
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PCT/CN2022/111314
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
兰华
罗先
蔺梦轩
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华为数字能源技术有限公司
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Publication of WO2023045599A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023045599A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/12—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors arranged in slots
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/28—Layout of windings or of connections between windings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of motors, in particular to a motor and a vehicle.
  • flat wire motors have been increasingly used in the field of new energy vehicles.
  • the flat wire motor has the advantages of high copper full rate, good heat dissipation of the motor winding, can improve the withstand voltage capacity of the winding, and reduce the length of the end of the winding, etc., which can improve the torque density and power density of the motor. Therefore, flat wire motors have good application prospects in new energy electric vehicles.
  • the winding method of the stator winding of the existing flat wire motor is mostly full-pitch winding.
  • the stator core is provided with stator slots in the circumferential direction, and the winding is wound on the stator iron through the stator slot. on the core.
  • part of the winding is wound in the stator slot, and part of the winding is located outside the stator slot.
  • the equivalent pitch between the phase belts of the same phase winding under two adjacent poles is equal to that of the pole. distance.
  • the above-mentioned full-pitch winding structure makes the torque fluctuation of the flat wire motor larger, and the motor has a higher counter electromotive force harmonic during operation, which reduces the performance of the motor.
  • the present application provides a motor and a vehicle, which solves the problems that the existing motor windings are full-pitch windings, which cause large torque fluctuations of the motor and high counter electromotive force harmonics, resulting in reduced performance of the motor.
  • the first aspect of the present application provides a motor, including: a stator core and a flat wire winding structure, and a plurality of stator slots are opened in the circumferential direction of the stator core;
  • each of the stator slots has n layers of the flat wire winding structure
  • the number of layers in the first part in the stator slot is a layer
  • the number of layers in the second part in the stator slot is b layer
  • the stator slot with the first part and the stator slot with the second part are misaligned by y1 slots, that is to say, on the basis that the first part and the second part are located in the same stator slot, the second part will be wound
  • a part of the stator slots is relative to the stator slots with the second part, or the stator slots with the second part are displaced by y1 slots relative to the stator slots with the first part, so that the stator slots with the first part Misalignment occurs with the stator slots around the second part.
  • the first part and the second part of each phase of the flat wire winding structure have y1 slots relative to each other.
  • the pitch y of the U-phase winding structure is smaller than y0.
  • y0 is the pole pitch of the flat wire winding, which means that the pitch of the flat wire winding structure is smaller than the pole pitch, so that the flat wire winding structure is a short-pitch winding, and has good torque fluctuation suppression when the motor is running Function, reduce the back electromotive force harmonics of the motor, and improve the performance of the motor.
  • n is an even number, or n is an odd number. That is to say, when the number n of stator slot layers is an odd number, the short-distance effect can also be achieved through the above-mentioned dislocation method, the structural design is relatively simple, the process requirements are low, and it is easy to realize. That is to say, when the number of layers n of the flat wire winding structure in the stator slot is odd or even, the effect of short-pitch winding can be achieved, which expands the applicable range of the winding structure.
  • n is an even number
  • a is an even number
  • b is an even number.
  • n/2 is an odd number. Since a ⁇ b, when n/2 is an odd number, n can also be divided into two even numbers a and b, so that the winding coils can be set in the same way, so that the twisting angle of the welding end remains consistent. It effectively simplifies the design of the flat wire winding structure and is easy to implement.
  • n at least includes: 6 and 10.
  • n/2 is an even number.
  • the first part includes a first conductor layer located in the stator slot, and the first conductor layers in every two adjacent layers are connected to form a first coil layer;
  • the second part includes a second conductor layer located in the stator slot, and the second conductor layers in every two adjacent layers are connected to form a second coil layer.
  • the flat wire winding structure of each phase includes at least two first coil layers, and the first coil layers are connected by a single jumper wire. That is to say, the cross-layer connection is realized through a single jumper wire, which helps to simplify the flat wire winding structure and is easy to implement.
  • the flat wire winding structure of each phase includes at least two second coil layers, and the second coil layers are connected by a single jumper wire. Further help to simplify the flat wire winding structure, easy to realize.
  • the first conductor layer and the second conductor layer are connected through a single jumper wire. That is to say, the jumper connection between different parts of the same phase belt is realized through a single jumper wire, which helps to further simplify the flat wire winding structure and is easy to realize.
  • the flat wire winding structure of each phase includes a welding end, and on the side of the welding end, the span of the first coil layer, the span of the second coil layer, and the The span of a single span between the first coil layer and the second coil layer is equal.
  • the twisting angle can be further kept consistent, which can further simplify the twisting and welding process, and help to further simplify the structural design of the flat wire winding.
  • n at least includes: 7 and 9.
  • the range of the number y1 of misaligned slots includes: 0 ⁇ y1 ⁇ y0.
  • the flat wire winding structure includes multiple phases, and in the same stator slot, an insulating member is arranged between adjacent two layers of flat wire winding structures belonging to different phases.
  • the second aspect of the present application provides a vehicle, comprising at least a wheel, a transmission component, and any one of the motors described above, and the motor is connected to the wheel through the transmission component.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a motor provided in an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the unfolded distribution of U-phase winding structure branch 1 in an 8-pole, 48-slot, 10-layer flat wire winding structure provided by the embodiment of the present application;
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the expansion and distribution of the U-phase winding structure branch 2 in an 8-pole, 48-slot, 10-layer flat wire winding structure provided by the embodiment of the present application;
  • Fig. 4 is a partially enlarged view of part A in Fig. 3;
  • Fig. 5 is a partially enlarged view of part B in Fig. 3;
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the development and distribution of the third branch of the U-phase winding structure in an 8-pole, 48-slot, 10-layer flat wire winding structure provided by the embodiment of the present application;
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the expansion and distribution of the U-phase winding structure branch 4 in an 8-pole, 48-slot, 10-layer flat wire winding structure provided by the embodiment of the present application;
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the unfolded distribution of the U-phase winding structure in an 8-pole, 48-slot, 10-layer flat wire winding structure provided by the embodiment of the present application;
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the unfolded distribution of an 8-pole, 48-slot, 10-layer flat wire winding structure provided by the embodiment of the present application;
  • Fig. 10 is a comparison diagram of torque fluctuations at the peak torque operating point of an 8-pole 48-slot motor provided in the embodiment of the present application;
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the expansion and distribution of the U-phase winding structure branch 2 in a 6-pole, 54-slot, 6-layer flat wire winding structure provided by the embodiment of the present application;
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of the unfolded distribution of the U-phase winding structure in a 6-pole, 54-slot, 6-layer flat wire winding structure provided by the embodiment of the present application;
  • Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the unfolded distribution of a flat wire winding structure with 6 poles, 54 slots and 6 layers provided by the embodiment of the present application;
  • Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of the unfolded distribution of U-phase winding structure branch 1 in an 8-pole, 48-slot, 9-layer flat wire winding structure provided by the embodiment of the present application;
  • Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the unfolded distribution of the U-phase winding structure in an 8-pole, 48-slot, 9-layer flat wire winding structure provided by the embodiment of the present application;
  • Fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of the unfolded distribution of an 8-pole, 48-slot, 9-layer flat wire winding structure provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • 212-second part 212a-second conductor layer; 2110, 2111-first coil layer;
  • the motor usually includes a stator core and a stator winding wound on the stator core.
  • the stator core is usually provided with a plurality of stator slots, and the plurality of stator slots are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the stator core.
  • the stator slots The extension direction of the stator core can be parallel to the axial direction.
  • the stator slot can play the role of limiting and fixing, and the stator winding can be wound on the stator core through the stator slot.
  • the number of poles (p) of the motor is the number of magnetic poles of the motor.
  • the magnetic poles are divided into N poles and S poles.
  • one N pole and one S pole are called a pair of magnetic poles, that is, the number of pole pairs (P) is 1, so , the number of pole pairs of the motor is 1, 2, 3, 4, then the number of poles (p) of the motor is 2, 4, 6, 8, among them, the ratio between the speed (n) of the motor and the number of pole pairs (P) of the motor
  • the pole pitch (y0) refers to the range occupied by each magnetic pole along the inner circle of the stator core of the motor, that is, the span occupied by the adjacent N pole and S pole relative to the slot.
  • the equivalent pitch is usually used to describe its comprehensive effect, that is, the equivalent pitch is used as the pitch of the winding, etc.
  • the effective pitch refers to the distance between the first part of the phase belt and the second part of the phase belt of the same phase winding under adjacent two poles.
  • the winding method of the stator winding includes full-pitch winding and short-pitch winding, wherein the full-pitch winding specifies that the pitch of the sub-winding is equal to the pole pitch, and the short-pitch winding specifies that the pitch of the sub-winding is smaller than the pole pitch.
  • the common motors are mostly flat-wire motors and round-wire motors.
  • the flat-wire motor specifies that the sub-winding is formed by winding flat copper wires with a wider width
  • the round-wire motor specifies that the sub-winding is formed by winding a narrower formed by winding round copper wires. Due to the high degree of freedom in the winding method of the stator winding in the round wire motor, it is more common for the stator winding to be a short-pitch winding in the round wire motor.
  • the winding coil is usually formed first, such as forming an opening at one end and a U-shaped end at the other end, similar to a hairpin shape, and the opening end is a structure formed by two wire leg openings, and then the two ends of the winding coil are formed.
  • a wire leg is passed into the corresponding stator slot, and finally the wire legs at the opening ends of two adjacent winding coils are welded to form a winding coil group, and one or more winding coil groups are arranged side by side to form a winding structure. Therefore, the winding forming requirements, processing difficulty and winding difficulty of the flat wire motor are relatively large.
  • the winding method of the stator winding is mostly full-pitch winding, and the short-pitch winding is difficult to realize, and the process requirements are higher.
  • cutting the magnetic induction line will generate an electromotive force.
  • the direction of the electromotive force is opposite to the voltage applied at both ends of the motor, and the generated electromotive force is counter electromotive force.
  • the side span of the two coils is 180° electrical angle, and the side span of the two coils of the short-pitch winding is less than 180° electrical angle, so the back electromotive force of the full-pitch winding is higher, and the back electromotive force harmonic generated is higher, thus affecting the performance of the motor.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a motor.
  • the flat wire winding structure wound on the stator core of the motor is a short-distance winding, thereby reducing the back electromotive force harmonics of the motor during operation and improving the performance of the motor.
  • the structural design of the wire winding structure is relatively simple, the process requirements are low, and it is easy to realize.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a motor provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the motor 100 may include a stator core 10 and a flat wire winding structure 20 , and a plurality of stator slots 11 arranged at intervals are opened on the inner wall of the stator core 10 in the circumferential direction.
  • the stator slot 11 can play a role of limiting and fixing, and the flat wire winding structure 20 is wound on the stator core 10 through the stator slot 11 .
  • the flat wire winding structure 20 is a winding structure formed by winding coil groups on the stator slot 11, the part of the flat wire winding structure 20 can be located in the stator slot 11, and the part of the flat wire winding structure 20 is located outside the stator slot 11 .
  • the flat wire winding structure 20 may include an effective side 20a and end sides 20b and 20c located at both ends of the effective side 20a.
  • the effective side 20a is located in the stator slot 11 and plays the role of cutting the magnetic field and inducing electromotive force.
  • the end side 20b and the end side 20c are respectively located on both sides of the effective side 20a and outside the stator slot 11 .
  • the phase number x of the flat wire winding structure 20 can be 1, that is, the number of winding coil groups is 1, that is to say, the flat wire winding structure 20 is a single-phase winding.
  • x can also be greater than 1, that is, the number of winding coil groups is multiple, for example, the flat wire winding structure 20 can be a three-phase winding, that is, the number of winding coil groups is 3, such as including U-phase winding structure, V-phase winding structure and W-phase winding structure.
  • the flat wire winding structure 20 can also be a six-phase winding, that is, the number of winding coil groups is 6, such as including a U-phase winding structure, a V-phase winding structure, a W-phase winding structure, an A-phase winding structure, a B-phase winding structure and a C-phase winding structure. winding structure.
  • other phase numbers are also possible.
  • each phase of the flat wire winding structure 20 may include at least one branch winding. That is, each phase winding structure may include a branch winding. Alternatively, each phase winding structure may include two or more branch windings, wherein, when each phase winding structure includes two or more branch windings, two or more of each phase winding structure The branch windings are connected in parallel.
  • the flat wire winding structure 20 as a three-phase winding as an example, specifically, it includes a U-phase winding structure, a V-phase winding structure and a W-phase winding structure for description.
  • the number of layers of each flat wire winding structure 20 in the stator slot 11 is n, that is, n layers of winding coils are arranged and wound in each stator slot 11, and the n layers of winding coils are arranged along the stator slot 11.
  • the extending directions of the grooves 11 are aligned.
  • the first layer of winding coil can be the bottom layer of the stator slot 11, that is, the first layer is close to the bottom of the stator slot 11
  • the nth layer of winding coil is the notch layer of the stator slot 11, that is, the nth layer is close to the slot bottom of the stator slot 11.
  • it can also be reversed, such as taking the nth layer as the slot bottom layer of the stator slot 11 and the first layer as the notch layer of the stator slot 11 .
  • each phase of the flat wire winding structure 20 may include a first part 211 and a second part 212 , for example, each phase winding structure may be divided into two parts, the first part 211 and the second part 212 .
  • the U-phase winding structure 21 includes a first part 211 and a second part 212.
  • the number of layers wound by the first part 211 in the stator slot 11 is layer a
  • the number of layers wound by the second part 212 in the stator slot 11 is The number is b layer.
  • y1 slots are misaligned between the stator slots wound with the first part 211 and the stator slots wound with the second part 212, that is to say, when the first part 211
  • the stator slot around which the first part 211 is wound is opposite to the stator slot around which the second part 212 is wound, or the stator slot around which the second part 212 is wound
  • the stator slots around which the first part 211 is wound are displaced by y1 slots, so that the stator slots around the first part 211 and the stator slots around the second part 212 are misaligned.
  • y0 is the pole pitch of the flat wire winding, that is, the pitch of the flat wire winding structure 20 is smaller than the pole pitch, so that the flat wire winding structure 20 is a short-pitch winding, and has a good rotation speed when the motor 100 is running. Torque fluctuation suppression, reducing the back electromotive force harmonics of the motor 100, and improving the performance of the motor 100.
  • one of the phases when the flat wire winding structure 20 is wound, one of the phases can be wound first, and then each phase is wound in turn, and when the winding structure of each phase is wound, such as taking the U-phase winding structure as an example, it can be Firstly, the first part 211 is wound and then the second part 212 is wound, or the second part 212 can be wound first and then the first part 211 is wound, or the first part 211 and the second part 212 can be alternately wound .
  • the range of the slot number y1 of the misalignment between the stator slots with the first part 211 and the stator slots with the second part 212 can be 0 ⁇ y1 ⁇ y0, so that the flat wire winding
  • the equivalent pitch of the structure 20 is smaller than the pole pitch, making the flat wire winding structure 20 a short-pitch winding.
  • the number of slots of the stator slots of the flat wire winding Q mpq, where p is the number of poles of the flat wire winding structure, m is the phase number of the flat wire winding structure, and q is the flat wire winding of each pole and each phase
  • the flat wire winding structure is a three-phase winding, that is, m is 3, the number of poles p is 8 poles, and the number of slots q of each pole and phase is 2, so the number of slots Q of the stator slots on the stator core 10 is 48 groove.
  • the number of poles and phases of the motor 100 can be determined according to the actual needs of the motor 100. Select Settings.
  • a can be an even number
  • b can also be an even number. Since one winding coil is correspondingly wound on two stator slots 11, that is, two layers are occupied, when at least one of a and b is an odd number, the adjacent When the end of the wire leg of the winding coil is welded, the twisting direction of the welding end is inconsistent, and there are problems such as twisting and welding complexity, which makes the design of the winding structure more complicated and difficult to realize.
  • the layer number n of the flat wire winding structure 20 in the stator slot 11 can be an even number.
  • the layers of the stator slot are equally divided and misplaced, so that each phase of the winding structure It is divided into two parts, and they are respectively located in the equally divided stator slots.
  • n when n/2 is an odd number, n can also be divided into two even numbers a and b, so that the winding coil can be set in the same way, so that The twisting angle of the welding end is kept consistent, which effectively simplifies the design of the flat wire winding structure 20 and facilitates implementation.
  • the layer number a of the first part 211 in the stator slot 11 can be n/2+1, and the layer number b of the second part 212 in the stator slot 11 can be n/ 2-1.
  • the layer number a of the first part 211 in the stator slot 11 may be n/2-1, and the layer number b of the second part 212 in the stator slot 11 may be n/2+1.
  • the number of layers of the first part 211 and the second part 212 in the stator slot 11 is relatively close, and while achieving the effect of short-pitch winding, it can facilitate the winding of the flat wire winding structure 20 and is easy to realize.
  • n may be 6, the layer number a of the first part 211 of the flat wire winding structure 20 in the stator slot 11 may be 2, and the layer number b of the second part 212 in the stator slot 11 may be 4, or , the layer number a of the first part 211 in the stator slot 11 may be 4, and the layer number b of the second part 212 in the stator slot 11 may be 2.
  • n can be 10
  • the layer number a of the first part 211 of the flat wire winding structure 20 in the stator slot 11 can be 4, and the layer number b of the second part 212 in the stator slot 11 can be 6, or, the first part 211
  • the layer number a in the stator slot 11 may be 6, and the layer number b of the second part 212 in the stator slot 11 may be 4.
  • the number of layers of the flat wire winding structure 20 wound in the stator slot 11 is large, such as 6, 10, and the short-distance effect can also be achieved, which is conducive to improving the performance of the motor 100 .
  • n/2 can also be an even number.
  • the layer number a of the first part 211 in the stator slot 11 can be n/2+2, and the layer number a of the second part 212 in the stator slot 11
  • the number b can be n/2-2.
  • the layer number a of the first part 211 in the stator slot 11 may be n/2-2, and the layer number b of the second part 212 in the stator slot 11 may be n/2+2.
  • the number of layers of the first part 211 and the second part 212 in the stator slot 11 can be relatively close, and while achieving the effect of short-pitch winding, it can facilitate the winding of the flat wire winding structure 20 and facilitate realization.
  • n can be 8
  • the layer number a of the first part 211 of the flat wire winding structure 20 in the stator slot 11 can be 6
  • the layer number b of the second part 212 in the stator slot 11 can be 2 or, the first part
  • the layer number a of the 211 in the stator slot 11 may be 2
  • the layer number b of the second part 212 in the stator slot 11 may be 4.
  • each phase of the flat wire winding structure 20 includes a first part and a second part.
  • the first part may include a first conductor layer located in the stator slot, and the first conductor layers in every two adjacent layers are connected to form a first coil layer.
  • the second part may include a second conductor layer located in the stator slot, and every second conductor layer in two adjacent layers is connected to form a second coil layer.
  • each flat wire winding structure may include at least two first coil layers, and two adjacent first coil layers are connected by a single jumper wire.
  • Each flat wire winding structure may also include at least two second coil layers, and two adjacent second coil layers are connected by a single jumper wire. That is to say, the connection between the coil layers is realized through a single jumper wire, that is, the cross-layer connection of a single jumper wire is realized, which helps to simplify the flat wire winding structure and is easy to realize.
  • first conductor layer and the second conductor layer may also be connected by a single jumper. That is to say, the jumper connection between different parts of the same phase belt is realized through a single jumper wire, which helps to further simplify the flat wire winding structure and is easy to realize.
  • the span of the first coil layer, the span of the second coil layer, and the span of a single jumper between the first coil layer and the second coil layer can be equal.
  • the twisting angle of the winding coil can be further kept consistent, which can further simplify the twisting and welding process, and help to further simplify the design of the flat wire winding structure.
  • the motor 100 is a three-phase motor, that is, the flat wire winding structure 20 is a three-phase winding, such as including a U-phase winding structure 21, a V-phase winding structure 23 and a W-phase winding structure 22.
  • the number of poles p of motor 100 is 8 poles
  • the number of slots N of each pole and each phase is 2
  • the number of layers of the flat wire winding structure 20 in each stator slot 11 is 10 as an example
  • the number Q of stator slots on the core 10 is 48 slots, that is, the flat wire winding structure 20 is a winding with 8 poles, 48 slots and 10 layers, with 4 pole pairs and 6 pole pitches.
  • the 8-pole, 48-slot, 10-layer flat wire winding structure 20 includes four branch windings, which are respectively branch one, branch two, branch three and branch four.
  • Table 1 below shows the phase band distribution of branch one of the U-phase winding structure in the flat wire winding structure.
  • each stator slot can be wound with 10 layers, and the first layer can be It is the slot bottom layer of the stator slot, and the 10th layer is the notch layer of the stator slot.
  • the number of layers in the first part 211 in the stator slot is 4, and the number of layers in the second part 212 in the stator slot is 6.
  • the number of slots y1 1 that is misaligned between the stator slots with the first part 211 and the stator slots with the second part 212, such as the 1-4 layers of the first part 211 in the No. 1 stator slot 11, the second part 212 is in the 5-10 layers in No. 2 stator slot 11.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the development and distribution of branch 1 of the U-phase winding structure in an 8-pole, 48-slot, 10-layer flat wire winding structure provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • each phase winding structure has an incoming wire end and an outgoing wire end respectively.
  • FIG. 21b i.e. U1-
  • branch one as shown in FIG.
  • the middle part of the winding coil can be a U-shaped structure, and the two ends can be inserted into two phases respectively.
  • two adjacent winding coils are welded and connected by welding to finally form a U-phase winding structure 21, and the side of the welding end 220 is the side where two adjacent winding coils are welded and connected.
  • the U-shaped end 230 side is the U-shaped structure side of the winding coil.
  • the U-phase winding structure 21 can be divided into a first part 211 and a second part 212 , that is, part of the winding coil forms the first part 211 , and part of the winding coil forms the second part 212 .
  • the first part 211 includes a first conductor layer 211 a located within the stator slot 11 .
  • the second part 212 includes a second conductor layer 212 a located within the stator slot 11 .
  • the first conductor layer 211 a and the second conductor layer 212 a can form the effective side 210 of the U-phase winding structure 21 , and the welding end 220 and the U-shaped end 230 are respectively located on two sides of the U-phase winding structure 21 .
  • the effective sides of the U-phase winding structure 21, the V-phase winding structure 23 and the W-phase winding structure 22 jointly form the effective sides of the flat wire winding structure 20, and the U-phase winding structure 21, the V-phase winding structure 23 and the W-phase
  • the welding ends 220 of the winding structure 22 jointly form the end side 20c of the flat wire winding structure 20, and the U-shaped ends 230 of the U-phase winding structure 21, the V-phase winding structure 23 and the W-phase winding structure 22 jointly form the end edge 20c of the flat wire winding structure 20. end edge 20b.
  • the first part 211 of the U-phase winding structure 21 can be wound first, and then the second part 212 of the U-phase winding structure 21 can be wound after the first part 211 is wound.
  • each branch of the flat wire winding structure 20 of each phase is wound on one of the stator slots of each pole, wherein, among the two adjacent poles, one pole In one of the stator slots, the number of layers occupied by the flat wire winding structure 20 is adjacent to the number of layers occupied by the flat wire winding structure 20 in one of the stator slots in the other pole.
  • the wiring of the first part 211 is routed from the first layer of the No. 1 stator slot to the second layer of the No. 7 stator slot.
  • the number of occupancy layers of the flat wire winding structure 20 in each two poles is the same as that of the adjacent two poles of the flat wire winding structure 20, for example, the number of occupancy layers of the first part 211
  • the wires are routed from the first layer of stator slot No. 1, to the second layer of stator slot No. 7, to the first layer of stator slot No. 14, and then to the second layer of stator slot No. 20, and to the second layer of stator slot No. 1.
  • the number of occupancy layers of the flat wire winding structure in the No. 7 stator slot is the same as the number of occupancy layers of the flat wire winding structure in the No. 14 stator slot and the No. 20 stator slot.
  • the routing of the first part 211 of the 21st branch of the U-phase winding structure is as follows: the first layer of the No. 1 stator slot, the second layer of the No. 7 stator slot, the first layer of the No. 14 stator slot, and the No. 20 stator slot. 2nd floor, 1st floor of stator slot 25, 2nd floor of stator slot 31, 1st floor of stator slot 38, 2nd floor of stator slot 44, 3rd floor of stator slot 1, 4th floor of stator slot 7 , The third layer of stator slot No. 14, the fourth layer of stator slot No. 20, the third layer of stator slot No. 25, the fourth layer of stator slot No. 31, the third layer of stator slot No. 38, and the fourth layer of stator slot No. 44.
  • the routing of the second part 212 of branch 1 is as follows: the fifth layer of the No. 2 stator slot, the sixth layer of the No. 8 stator slot, the fifth layer of the No. 15 stator slot, the sixth layer of the No. 21 stator slot, and the No. 26 stator slot 5th floor, No. 32 stator slot 6th floor, No. 39 stator slot 5th floor, No. 45 stator slot 6th floor, No. 2 stator slot 7th floor, No. 8 stator slot 8th floor, No. 15 stator slot 7th floor layer, the 8th layer of the No. 21 stator slot, the 7th layer of the No. 26 stator slot, the 8th layer of the No. 32 stator slot, the 7th layer of the No.
  • stator slot 39 stator slot, the 8th layer of the No. 45 stator slot, the 9th layer of the No. 2 stator slot, No. 8 stator slot 10th floor, No. 15 stator slot 9th floor, No. 21 stator slot 10th floor, No. 26 stator slot 9th floor, No. 32 stator slot 10th floor, No. 39 stator slot 9th floor, No. 45 Stator slot layer 10.
  • the second part of the phase winding structure is displaced by one slot to the adjacent pole (for example, stator slots 1-6 are 1 pole, such as the first pole, and stator slots 7-12 are 1 pole, such as the second pole , then the second part in the first pole is dislocated to the second pole by one slot), under two adjacent poles, the distance between the first part phase belt and the second part phase belt of the same phase winding, such as the first pole
  • the second part of the pole is located in the No. 2 stator slot
  • the first part of the second pole is located in the No. 7 stator slot.
  • Table 2 below shows the phase band distribution of branch 2 of the U-phase winding structure in the flat wire winding structure.
  • Figure 3 shows the U-phase in an 8-pole, 48-slot, 10-layer flat wire winding structure provided by the embodiment of the present application. Schematic diagram of the expanded distribution of the second branch of the winding structure.
  • the incoming line terminal 21c of branch 2 is the incoming line on the tenth floor of the No. 39 stator slot
  • the outgoing line end 21d is the outgoing line on the first floor of the No. 43 stator slot. That is to say, the second part 212 of the U-phase winding structure 21 can be wound first, and then the first part 211 of the U-phase winding structure 21 can be wound after the second part 212 is wound.
  • the routing of the second part 212 of the U-phase winding structure 21 is as follows: the 10th layer of the 39th stator slot, the 9th layer of the 33rd stator slot, the 10th layer of the 26th stator slot, and the 9th layer of the 20th stator slot , The 10th layer of the No. 15 stator slot, the 9th layer of the No. 9 stator slot, the 10th layer of the No. 2 stator slot, the 9th layer of the No. 44 stator slot, the 8th layer of the No. 39 stator slot, and the 7th layer of the No. 33 stator slot , No. 26 stator slot 8th floor, No. 20 stator slot 7th floor, No. 15 stator slot 8th floor, No.
  • the routing of the first part 211 of the U-phase winding structure 21 is as follows: the fourth layer of the No. 38 stator slot, the third layer of the No. 32 stator slot, the fourth layer of the No. 25 stator slot, the third layer of the No. 19 stator slot, and the No. 14 stator
  • stator slot 11 with the first part 211 around it and the stator slot 11 with the second part 212 around it are misaligned by one slot, so that the equivalent pitch y of the branch 2 is also 5. Realize the effect of short distance.
  • FIG. 4 is a partial enlarged view of part A in FIG. 3
  • FIG. 5 is a partial enlarged view of part B in FIG. 3 .
  • the first conductor layers 211a in every two adjacent layers are connected to form a first coil layer, for example, the first conductor layers 211a in the first layer and the second layer are connected to form a first coil layer A coil layer 2110 , the first conductor layer 211a in the third layer and the fourth layer are connected to form a first coil layer 2111 .
  • the first conductor layer in the second layer of the No. 1 stator slot, the first conductor layer in the first layer of the No. 8 stator slot, and the first conductor layer in the second layer of the No. 14 stator slot the first conductor layer in the first layer of the No. 19 stator slot, the first conductor layer in the second layer of the No. 25 stator slot, the first conductor layer in the first layer of the No. 32 stator slot, and the second layer of the No. 38 stator slot
  • the inner first conductor layers are sequentially connected to form a first coil layer 2110 .
  • the first conductor layer in the third layer of the No. 43 stator slot, the first conductor layer in the fourth layer of the No. 1 stator slot, the first conductor layer in the third layer of the No. 8 stator slot, and the first conductor layer in the No. 14 stator slot The first conductor layer in the 4th layer, the first conductor layer in the third layer of the No. 19 stator slot, the first conductor layer in the fourth layer of the No. 25 stator slot, the first conductor layer in the third layer of the No. 32 stator slot
  • the first conductor layers in the fourth layer of the No. 38 stator slot are sequentially connected to form a first coil layer 2111 .
  • the first coil layers are connected by a single jumper wire.
  • the jumper connecting the two first coil layers that is to say, the cross-layer connection is realized through a single jumper wire, which helps to simplify the flat wire winding structure 20 and is easy to implement.
  • the second conductor layers 212a in every two adjacent layers are connected to form a second coil layer, for example, the second conductor layers in the fifth and sixth layers
  • the layers are connected to form a second coil layer 2122
  • the second conductor layers in the seventh and eighth layers are connected to form a second coil layer 2121
  • the ninth and tenth layers are connected to form a second conductor layer A second coil layer 2120 .
  • the second conductor layer in the sixth layer of the No. 2 stator slot, the second conductor layer in the fifth layer of the No. 9 stator slot, and the second conductor layer in the sixth layer of the No. 15 stator slot the second conductor layer in the fifth layer of the No. 20 stator slot, the second conductor layer in the sixth layer of the No. 26 stator slot, the second conductor layer in the fifth layer of the No. 33 stator slot, and the sixth layer of the No. 39 stator slot
  • the inner second conductor layers are sequentially connected to form a second coil layer 2122 .
  • the second conductor layer in the 8th layer, the second conductor layer in the 7th layer of the No. 20 stator slot, the second conductor layer in the 8th layer of the 26th stator slot, the second conductor layer in the 7th layer of the 33rd stator slot The second conductor layers in the 8th layer of the No. 39 stator slot are sequentially connected to form a second coil layer 2121 .
  • the second conductor layer in the 9th layer of the No. 44 stator slot, the second conductor layer in the 10th layer of the No. 2 stator slot, the second conductor layer in the 9th layer of the No. 9 stator slot, and the 10th layer of the No. 15 stator slot The second conductor layer in the 9th layer of the No. 20 stator slot, the second conductor layer in the 10th layer of the No. 26 stator slot, the second conductor layer in the 9th layer of the No. 33 stator slot, and the No. 39 stator slot
  • the second conductor layers in the tenth layer of the stator slot are sequentially connected to form a second coil layer 2120 .
  • the second coil layers are connected by a single jumper wire.
  • a single jumper wire Such as the second conductor layer in the 6th layer of the No. 39 stator slot and the second conductor layer in the 7th layer of the No. 44 stator slot, and the second conductor layer in the 8th layer of the No. 39 stator slot and the No. 44 stator slot No. 9
  • the jumper connecting the two second coil layers that is, the cross-layer connection is realized through a single jumper, which helps to simplify the flat wire winding structure 20 and is easy to realize.
  • first conductor layer 211a and the second conductor layer 212a may also be connected by a single jumper.
  • Fig. 5 taking branch 2 as an example, after winding the second part 212 on the stator slot 11, it is necessary to jump to the stator slot 11 where the first part 211 is wound, such as the second part 212 in the second branch. Winding to the fifth layer of stator slot No. 44, and jump from this layer to the fourth layer of stator slot No. 38 for the winding of the first part 211, that is, the second conductor layer in the fifth layer of stator slot No. 44 needs to be connected with 38 The first conductor layer in the fourth layer of the stator slot is connected.
  • the first conductor layer 211a and the second conductor layer 212a are connected through a single jumper, that is, the jumper connection between the first coil layer and the second coil layer is realized through a single jumper, that is, through a single jumper
  • the root jumper realizes the jumper connection between different parts of the same phase belt, which helps to further simplify the flat wire winding structure 20 and is easy to implement.
  • the flat wire winding structure 20 of each phase includes a welding end, which is the side where two adjacent winding coils are welded and connected, and the span of the first coil layer is d4, that is, The span of a single jumper connecting the first conductor layers 211a in two adjacent layers is d4.
  • the span between the second coil layers is d5
  • the span of a single jumper connected to the second conductor layer 212a in two adjacent layers is d5
  • the single span between the first coil layer and the second coil layer The span of the root span is d3.
  • FIG. 6 shows the embodiment of the present application Provided is a schematic diagram of the development and distribution of the U-phase winding structure branch three in an 8-pole, 48-slot, 10-layer flat wire winding structure.
  • the incoming line terminal 21e of branch three is the incoming line of the first layer of the No. 37 stator slot
  • the outgoing line end 21f is the outgoing line of the tenth layer of the No. 33 stator slot. That is to say, the first part 211 of the U-phase winding structure 21 can be wound first, and then the second part 212 of the U-phase winding structure 21 can be wound after the first part 211 is wound.
  • the routing of the first part 211 of the U-phase winding structure 21 is as follows: the first layer of the No. 37 stator slot, the second layer of the No. 43 stator slot, the first layer of the No. 2 stator slot, the second layer of the No. 8 stator slot, The first layer of stator slot No. 13, the second layer of stator slot No. 19, the first layer of stator slot No. 26, the second layer of stator slot No. 32, the third layer of stator slot No. 37, the fourth layer of stator slot No. 43, No. 2 The third layer of stator slot, the fourth layer of stator slot No. 8, the third layer of stator slot No. 13, the fourth layer of stator slot No. 19, the third layer of stator slot No. 26, and the fourth layer of stator slot No. 32.
  • the routing of the second part 212 of the U-phase winding structure 21 is as follows: the fifth layer of the No. 38 stator slot, the sixth layer of the No. 44 stator slot, the fifth layer of the No. 3 stator slot, the sixth layer of the No. 9 stator slot, and the No. 14 stator slot.
  • stator slot 8th layer of No. 33 stator slot, and No. 38 stator slot
  • stator slot 11 with the first part 211 around it and the stator slot 11 with the second part 212 around it are misaligned by one slot, so that the equivalent pitch y of the branch three is also 5. Realize the effect of short distance.
  • the following table 4 shows the phase belt distribution of the fourth branch of the U-phase winding structure in the flat wire winding structure.
  • Figure 7 shows the U-phase in an 8-pole, 48-slot, 10-layer flat wire winding structure provided by the embodiment of the present application. Schematic diagram of the unfolded distribution of winding structure branch four.
  • the incoming line terminal 21g of the fourth branch is the incoming line on the 10th floor of the No. 27 stator slot
  • the outgoing line 21d is the outgoing line on the first floor of the No. 31 stator slot. That is to say, the second part 212 of the U-phase winding structure 21 can be wound first, and then the first part 211 of the U-phase winding structure 21 can be wound after the second part 212 is wound.
  • the routing of the second part 212 of the U-phase winding structure 21 is as follows: the 10th layer of the 27th stator slot, the 9th layer of the 21st stator slot, the 10th layer of the 14th stator slot, and the 9th layer of the 8th stator slot , The 10th layer of the No. 3 stator slot, the 9th layer of the No. 45 stator slot, the 10th layer of the No. 38 stator slot, the 9th layer of the No. 32 stator slot, the 8th layer of the No. 27 stator slot, and the 7th layer of the No. 21 stator slot , No. 14 stator slot 8th floor, No. 8 stator slot 7th floor, No. 3 stator slot 8th floor, No.
  • stator slot 7th floor No. 38 stator slot 8th floor, No. 32 stator slot 7th floor, 27 The 6th layer of the No. stator slot, the 5th layer of the No. 21 stator slot, the 6th layer of the No. 14 stator slot, the 5th layer of the No. 8 stator slot, the 6th layer of the No. 3 stator slot, the 5th layer of the No. 45 stator slot, and the No. 38 stator The 6th floor of the slot, the 5th floor of the No. 32 stator slot.
  • the wiring of the first part 211 of the U-phase winding structure 21 is as follows: the fourth layer of the No. 26 stator slot, the third layer of the No. 20 stator slot, the fourth layer of the No. 13 stator slot, the third layer of the No. 7 stator slot, and the No. 2 stator
  • stator slot 11 with the first part 211 around it and the stator slot 11 with the second part 212 around it are misaligned by one slot, so that the equivalent pitch y of the branch four is also 5. Realize the effect of short distance.
  • the counter electromotive force of the stator slots 11 located in the corresponding layers in each pole is equivalent to the same, such as the first layer in the No. 1 stator slot and the No. 7 stator
  • the counter electromotive force of the first layer in the slot and the winding coil located in the first layer of the No. 14 stator slot is the same, but the counter electromotive force is different when different layers are located in the same stator slot or in the stator slot with the same counter electromotive force.
  • the possible occupancy has been traversed, such as in branch 1, the first part 211 respectively occupies the first layer and the first layer in the No.
  • stator slot 3 floors respectively occupying the 2nd and 4th floors in the No. 7 stator slot
  • the second part 212 respectively occupying the 5th, 7th and 9th floors in the No. 2 stator slot, and occupying the No. 8 stator slot They occupy the 6th, 8th and 10th floors respectively.
  • Table 5 below shows the phase belt distribution of the U-phase winding structure in the flat wire winding structure.
  • Figure 8 shows the expansion of the U-phase winding structure in an 8-pole, 48-slot, 10-layer flat wire winding structure provided by the embodiment of the present application. Distribution diagram.
  • branch 1, branch 2, branch 3 and branch 4 are connected in parallel to form a U-phase winding structure 21, wherein the incoming terminal 21a of branch 1 is located in the first layer of the No. 1 stator slot, and the outgoing line End 21b is located on the 10th floor of the 45th stator slot.
  • the incoming line terminal 21c of branch 2 is located on the 10th floor of the No. 39 stator slot, and the outgoing line terminal 21d is located on the first floor of the No. 43 stator slot.
  • the incoming line terminal 21e of branch three is located on the first floor of the No. 37 stator slot, and the outgoing line terminal 21f is located on the tenth floor of the No. 33 stator slot.
  • the incoming line terminal 21g of branch four is located on the 10th floor of the No. 27 stator slot, and the outgoing line terminal 21h is located on the first floor of the No. 31 stator slot.
  • the number of stator slots of each pole and each phase U-phase winding structure 21 is 2, and the U-phase winding structure 21 is divided into a first part 211 and a second part 212.
  • the stator slot of part 211 and the stator slot around which the second part 212 is misaligned by 1 slot for example, the 5-10 layer of No. 2 stator slot is 1 relative to the 1-4 layer of No. 1 stator slot. slots, so that the equivalent pitch y of the U-phase winding structure 21 is equal to 5, achieving the effect of a short pitch.
  • the U-phase winding structure 21 can also be wound in other ways on the stator slot 11 (such as the number of parallel branches, the stator slot 11 entering and leaving, and the winding order on the stator slot 11, etc.) , can meet the required number of poles, the number of branches, and the number of stator slots 11 per pole and phase.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the unfolded distribution of an 8-pole, 48-slot, 10-layer flat wire winding structure provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the flat wire winding structure 20 includes multiple phases, as shown in Table 6, the winding structures in the same stator slot 11 do not belong to the same phase, that is, two phases are included in the same stator slot 11.
  • a winding structure with different phases such as the U-phase winding structure 21 in the 1-4 layer in the No. 1 stator slot 11, and the V-phase winding structure 23 in the 6-10 layer, can be used in adjacent two layers of flat wires belonging to different phase belts.
  • the winding structure 20 is directly provided with an insulating member, specifically, insulating paper, so as to reduce or avoid connection or interference between different phase belts.
  • an insulating piece may be provided between the fourth layer and the sixth layer of the No. 1 stator slot.
  • each stator slot 11 is provided with a slot insulator in order to achieve insulation to the ground. Insulators do not need to be arranged between winding structures of the same phase in the same stator slot 11 .
  • the number of layers n of the stator slot 11 is divided into a layer and b layer, that is, in the same stator slot 11, at least a layer or b layer is the winding coil of the same phase, and it is not necessary to use an insulating member to realize the layer Inter-insulation, which helps to reduce the use of insulating materials, helps to reduce costs, and helps to improve the copper full rate of the flat wire winding structure 20.
  • the winding coil of the flat wire winding structure 20 includes a coil conductor and an insulating layer wrapped around the coil conductor.
  • the insulating layer can be made more insulating by increasing the thickness of the insulating layer and using a material with higher insulating properties to make the insulating layer. Strong enough to meet the requirements, so in the same stator slot 11, no insulating member may be provided between two adjacent flat wire winding structures 20 of different phases.
  • Fig. 10 is a comparison diagram of torque fluctuation at the peak torque operating point of an 8-pole 48-slot motor provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • curve S1 represents the torque fluctuation of a full-pitch winding motor
  • curve S2 represents the torque fluctuation of a short-pitch winding motor with stator slot layers equally divided
  • curve S3 represents this The torque fluctuation of a short-pitch winding motor provided in the embodiment of the application.
  • the peak-to-peak torque fluctuations of the short-pitch winding motor with equally divided slot layers and the short-pitch winding motor provided by the embodiment of the present application are 7.76 Nm and 10.95 Nm, which are respectively reduced by 75% and 65%. Therefore, the short-pitch winding motor provided by the embodiment of the present application has a good torque ripple suppression effect.
  • the number of poles p of the motor 100 is 6 poles
  • the number of slots N of each pole and each phase is 3
  • the number of layers of the flat wire winding structure 20 in each stator slot 11 is 6 as an example
  • the number of stator slots Q on the stator core 10 is 54 slots, that is, the flat wire winding structure 20 is a winding with 6 poles, 54 slots and 6 layers
  • the number of pole pairs is 3, and the pole pitch is 9.
  • the 6-pole, 54-slot, 6-layer flat wire winding structure 20 includes three parallel branch windings, which are respectively branch one, branch two and branch three.
  • Table 7 below shows the phase band distribution of the second branch of the U-phase winding structure in the flat wire winding structure.
  • the number of layers of the first part 211 in the stator slot is 2 layers, and the number of layers of the second part 212 in the stator slot is 4 layers.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the expanded distribution of the U-phase winding structure branch 2 in a 6-pole, 54-slot, 6-layer flat wire winding structure provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the incoming terminal 21c of the second branch of the U-phase winding structure 21 is located on the first floor of the No. 19 stator slot, and the outgoing terminal 21d is located on the first floor of the No. 29 stator slot.
  • the winding order of the first part 211 and the second part 212 of the U-phase winding structure 21 can be staggered, that is, part of the first stator slot 11 can be wound first and then part of the first stator slot 11 can be wound.
  • the two stator slots 11 are alternately wound, and finally the first part 211 and the second part 212 are wound on the stator slots 11 respectively.
  • the routing of the U-phase winding structure 21 branch 2 is as follows: the first layer of the No. 19 stator slot, the second layer of the No. 28 stator slot, the first layer of the No. 39 stator slot, the second layer of the No. 48 stator slot, and the The first layer of stator slot No. 11, the second layer of stator slot No. 11, the third layer of stator slot No. 18, the fourth layer of stator slot No. 27, the third layer of stator slot No. 38, the fourth layer of stator slot No. 47, and stator No.
  • the second stator slot is misplaced by 1 slot, if the first part 211 is located in the No. 1 stator slot, then the second part 212 is located in the No. 54 stator slot, that is, the second part 212 of the phase winding structure is misplaced by 1 to the adjacent pole
  • the first conductor layers 211a in adjacent layers are connected to form a first coil layer
  • the second conductor layers 212a in adjacent layers are connected to form a second coil layer .
  • the first coil layers are connected by a single jumper
  • the second coil layers are connected by a single jumper
  • the first conductor layer 211a and the second conductor layer 212a may also be connected by a single jumper.
  • the span of the first coil layer, the span of the second coil layer, and the span of a single jumper between the first coil layer and the second coil layer may also be equal.
  • Table 8 below shows the phase belt distribution of the U-phase winding structure in the flat wire winding structure
  • Figure 12 shows the expansion of the U-phase winding structure in a 6-pole, 54-slot, 6-layer flat wire winding structure provided by the embodiment of the present application Distribution diagram.
  • the number of stator slots of the U-phase winding structure 21 for each pole and phase is 3, and the U-phase winding structure 21 is divided into a first part 211 and a second part 212, and since each pole is wound with a second
  • the stator slot of part 211 and the stator slot around which the second part 212 is misaligned by 1 slot for example, the 1-2 layer of No. 1 stator slot is 1 relative to the 3-6 layer of No. 54 stator slot.
  • the slots make the equivalent pitch y of the U-phase winding structure 21 equal to 8, realizing the effect of short pitch.
  • the winding manner of the U-phase winding structure 21 on the stator slot 11 can also be other manners. , can meet the required number of poles, the number of branches, and the number of stator slots 11 per pole and phase.
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of the unfolded distribution of a flat wire winding structure with 6 poles, 54 slots and 6 layers provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the layer number n of the flat wire winding structure 20 in the stator slot 11 may also be an odd number.
  • the layers of the stator slots are equally divided and misplaced with each other, so that each phase of the winding structure is divided into two parts, which are respectively located in the equally divided and misplaced stator slots, and when the stator slots
  • the number of layers n is an odd number, there is a problem that it cannot be equally divided, and it is difficult to realize the short-distance design of the winding structure through the above-mentioned method.
  • the number of layers of the first part 211 of the flat wire winding structure 20 of each phase in the stator slot 11 is a
  • the number of layers of the second part 212 in the stator slot 11 is b
  • a+b n
  • the n layer is divided into two parts a and b
  • a ⁇ b the short-distance effect
  • the number n of layers of the flat wire winding structure 20 in the stator slot 11 can be an odd number, and the effect of short-pitch winding can also be achieved, which expands the applicable range of the winding structure.
  • the number of layers of the first part 211 and the second part 212 in the stator slot 11 is relatively close, and while achieving the effect of short-pitch winding, it can facilitate the winding of the flat wire winding structure 20 and is easy to realize.
  • n can be 7
  • the layer number a of the first part 211 of the flat wire winding structure 20 in the stator slot 11 can be 3
  • the layer number b of the second part 212 in the stator slot 11 can be 4, or, the first part
  • the layer number a of 211 in the stator slot 11 may be 4, and the layer number b of the second part 212 in the stator slot 11 may be 3.
  • the layer number a of the first part 211 of the flat wire winding structure 20 in the stator slot 11 can be 4, and the layer number b of the second part 212 in the stator slot 11 can be 5, or, the first part 211
  • the number a of layers in the stator slot 11 may be five, and the number b of layers of the second part 212 in the stator slot 11 may be four. That is to say, the number of layers of the flat wire winding structure 20 wound in the stator slot 11 is large, such as 7 and 9, and the effect of short distance can also be achieved, which is beneficial to improve the performance of the motor 100 .
  • the number Q of the stator slots on the stator core 10 is 48 slots, that is, the flat wire winding structure 20 is a winding with 8 poles, 48 slots and 9 layers, the number of pole pairs is 4, and the pole pitch is 6.
  • the 8-pole, 48-slot, 9-layer flat wire winding structure 20 includes four branch windings, which are respectively branch one, branch two, branch three and branch four.
  • Table 10 below shows the phase band distribution of branch one of the U-phase winding structure in the flat wire winding structure.
  • the number of layers of the first part 211 in the stator slot is 4, and the number of layers of the second part 212 in the stator slot is 5 layers.
  • the number of slots y1 1 that is misaligned between the stator slots with the first part 211 and the stator slots with the second part 212, such as the 1-4 layers of the first part 211 in the No. 1 stator slot 11, the second part 212 is on the 5th-9th floor in No. 48 stator slot 11.
  • Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of the unfolded distribution of U-phase winding structure branch 1 in an 8-pole, 48-slot, 9-layer flat wire winding structure provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the incoming line terminal 21a of branch one is the first layer of the No. 1 stator slot
  • the outgoing line end 21b is the first layer of the No. 20 stator slot.
  • the routing of the 21st branch of the U-phase winding structure is as follows: the first layer of the No. 1 stator slot, the second layer of the No. 7 stator slot, the third layer of the No. 13 stator slot, the fourth layer of the No. 19 stator slot, and 24
  • stator slot the 4th layer of the No. 25 stator slot, the 3rd layer of the No. 19 stator slot, and the bottom of the No. 13 stator slot 2nd floor, bottom 1st floor of No. 7 stator slot, 1st floor of No. 14 stator slot, 2nd floor of No. 20 stator slot, 3rd floor of No. 26 stator slot, 4th floor of No. 32 stator slot, 5th floor of No. 37 stator slot , No. 43 stator slot 6th layer, No. 1 stator slot 7th layer, No. 7 stator slot 8th layer, No. 13 stator slot 9th layer, No. 19 stator slot 9th layer, No. 13 stator slot 8th layer, 7 The seventh layer of stator slot No.
  • Table 11 below shows the phase band distribution of the U-phase winding structure in the flat wire winding structure
  • Figure 15 shows the expansion of the U-phase winding structure in an 8-pole, 48-slot, 9-layer flat wire winding structure provided by the embodiment of the present application Distribution diagram.
  • the number of stator slots of the U-phase winding structure 21 for each pole and phase is 2, and the U-phase winding structure 21 is divided into a first part 211 and a second part 212, and since each pole is wound with a second
  • the stator slot of part 211 and the stator slot around which the second part 212 is misaligned by 1 slot number such as the 1-4 layer of the No. 1 stator slot, and the 5-9 layer of the No. 48 stator slot are relatively misaligned by 1 slots, so that the equivalent pitch y of the U-phase winding structure 21 is equal to 5, achieving the effect of a short pitch.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of the unfolded distribution of an 8-pole, 48-slot, 9-layer flat wire winding structure provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a vehicle.
  • the vehicle can be an electric vehicle/electric vehicle (EV), a pure electric vehicle (PEV/BEV), a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), an extended-range electric vehicle (REEV), Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), new energy vehicle (New Energy Vehicle), etc.
  • EV electric vehicle/electric vehicle
  • PEV/BEV pure electric vehicle
  • HEV hybrid electric vehicle
  • REEV extended-range electric vehicle
  • PHEV Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle
  • New Energy Vehicle New Energy Vehicle
  • the vehicle may include wheels, a transmission component and a motor, wherein the motor and the wheel are connected through the transmission component, so that the motor drives the wheel to rotate, thereby driving the vehicle to move.
  • vehicle may also include structural components such as a vehicle body and a brake component, or may also include other structural components capable of realizing vehicle functions.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a An indirect connection through an intermediary may be an internal communication between two elements or an interaction relationship between two elements.

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Abstract

本申请实施例提供一种电机及车辆，该电机包括定子铁芯和扁线绕组结构，扁线绕组结构通过定子槽绕设在定子铁芯上，每个定子槽内具有n层扁线绕组结构，扁线绕组结构每相包括第一部分和第二部分，使第一部分在定子槽内层数为a层，第二部分在定子槽内层数为b层，且a≠b，并使每相扁线绕组结构在每极内，绕设有第一部分的定子槽与绕设有第二部分的定子槽错位y1个槽，也即扁线绕组结构每相的第一部分和第二部分相对错位y1个槽，位于相邻两极下的同一相绕组的相带之间的等效节距y＝y0-y1，节距y小于极距y0，从而使该扁线绕组结构为短距绕组，进而在电机运行时具有很好的转矩波动抑制作用，降低电机的反电动势谐波，提升电机的性能。

Description

一种电机及车辆
本申请要求于2021年09月23日提交中国专利局、申请号为202111116169.X、申请名称为“一种电机及车辆”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电机技术领域，特别涉及一种电机及车辆。
背景技术
近年来，扁线电机越来越多地应用于新能源汽车领域。扁线电机具有高铜满率、利于电机绕组散热、能够提高绕组的耐压能力以及降低绕组端部长度等方面的优势，进而可以提升电机的转矩密度和功率密度。因此，扁线电机在新能源电动汽车上具有良好的应用前景。
目前，现有的扁线电机定子绕组的绕制方式多为整距绕组，具体的，如电机包括定子铁芯，定子铁芯的周向上开设有定子槽，绕组通过定子槽绕设在定子铁芯上。其中，绕组的部分绕设在定子槽内，绕组的部分位于定子槽外，在整距扁线绕组结构中，位于相邻两极下的同一相绕组的相带之间的等效节距等于极距。
然而，上述的整距绕组结构使扁线电机的转矩波动较大，且电机在运行时具有较高的反电动势谐波，降低了电机的性能。
发明内容
本申请提供一种电机及车辆，解决了现有的电机绕组为整距绕组，使电机的转矩波动较大且反电动势谐波较高，导致电机性能降低的问题。
本申请的第一方面提供一种电机，包括：定子铁芯和扁线绕组结构，所述定子铁芯的周向上开设有多个定子槽；
所述扁线绕组结构通过所述定子槽绕设在所述定子铁芯上，且所述扁线绕组结构的部分位于所述定子槽内，所述扁线绕组结构的部分位于所述定子槽外，每个所述定子槽内具有n层所述扁线绕组结构；
所述扁线绕组结构的每相包括第一部分和第二部分，所述第一部分在所述定子槽内的层数为a层，所述第二部分在所述定子槽内的层数为b层，其中，a+b＝n，a≠b，n大于2；
且每相所述扁线绕组结构在每极内，绕设有所述第一部分的所述定子槽与绕设有所述第二部分的所述定子槽之间错位y1个槽，以使所述扁线绕组的节距y＝y0-y1，其中，y0为扁线绕组的极距。
通过将扁线绕组结构的每相分为第一部分和第二部分，其中第一部分在定子槽内的层数为a层，第二部分在定子槽内的层数为b层，并使绕设有第一部分的定子槽和绕设有第二部分的定子槽之间错位y1个槽，也就是说，在使第一部分和第二部分均位于同一个定 子槽内的基础上，将绕设第一部分的定子槽相对绕设有第二部分的定子槽，或者是将绕设有第二部分的定子槽相对绕设有第一部分的定子槽位移了y1个槽，使绕设第一部分的定子槽和绕设第二部分的定子槽发生错位。
也即扁线绕组结构每相的第一部分和第二部分相对错位设置了y1个槽，位于相邻两极下的同一相绕组的相带之间的等效节距y＝y0-y1，也即U相绕组结构的节距y小于y0。其中，y0为扁线绕组的极距，也就使扁线绕组结构的节距小于极距，从而使该扁线绕组结构为短距绕组，进而在电机运行时具有很好的转矩波动抑制作用，降低电机的反电动势谐波，提升电机的性能。
在一种可能的实现方式中，n为偶数，或者，n为奇数。也就是说当定子槽的层数n为奇数时，也能够通过上述的错位方式实现短距效果，结构设计较为简单，工艺要求较低，便于实现。也即定子槽内扁线绕组结构的层数n为奇数或偶数时，都能够实现短距绕组的效果，扩大了该绕组结构的可适用范围。
在一种可能的实现方式中，当n为偶数时，a为偶数，b为偶数。这样可以使多个绕组线圈可以按照同样的设置方向设置在定子槽上，使扁线绕组结构在焊接端的扭头角度保持一致，从而避免了焊接端扭头角度不一致而导致的扭头和焊接复杂等问题，进一步有效的简化了扁线绕组结构的设计，便于实现。
在一种可能的实现方式中，n/2为奇数。由于a≠b，当n/2为奇数时，也能够使n可以分为两个均为偶数的a和b，从而使绕组线圈能够按照相同的设置方式设置，使焊接端的扭头角度保持一致，有效的简化了扁线绕组结构的设计，便于实现。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一部分在所述定子槽内的层数a＝n/2+1，所述第二部分在所述定子槽内的层数b＝n/2-1；或者，
所述第一部分在所述定子槽内的层数a＝n/2-1，所述第二部分在所述定子槽内的层数b＝n/2+1。
在一种可能的实现方式中，n至少包括：6和10。
在一种可能的实现方式中，n/2为偶数。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一部分在所述定子槽内的层数a＝n/2-2，所述第二部分在所述定子槽内的层数b＝n/2+2；或者，
所述第一部分在所述定子槽内的层数a＝n/2+2，所述第二部分在所述定子槽内的层数b＝n/2-2。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一部分包括位于所述定子槽内的第一导体层，每两个相邻层数内的所述第一导体层相连接形成一个第一线圈层；
所述第二部分包括位于定子槽内的第二导体层，每两个相邻层数内的所述第二导体层相连接形成一个第二线圈层。
在一种可能的实现方式中，每相所述扁线绕组结构包括至少两个所述第一线圈层，所述第一线圈层之间通过单根跨线连接。也即通过单根跨线实现了跨层连接，这样有助于简化扁线绕组结构，便于实现。
在一种可能的实现方式中，每相所述扁线绕组结构包括至少两个所述第二线圈层，所述第二线圈层之间通过单根跨线连接。进一步有助于简化扁线绕组结构，便于实现。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一导体层和所述第二导体层之间通过单根跨线连接。 也即通过单根跨线实现了同一相带不同部分之间的跨线连接，有助于进一步简化扁线绕组结构，便于实现。
在一种可能的实现方式中，每相所述扁线绕组结构包括焊接端，在所述焊接端侧，所述第一线圈层的跨距、所述第二线圈层的跨距、以及所述第一线圈层和所述第二线圈层之间单根跨线的跨距相等。这样在焊接端侧，扭头角度能够进一步保持一致，能够进一步简化扭头和焊接工艺，有助于使扁线绕组结构设计进一步简单化。
在一种可能的实现方式中，当n为奇数时，所述第一部分在所述定子槽内的层数a＝(n+1)/2，所述第二部分在所述定子槽内的层数b＝(n-1)/2；或者，
所述第一部分在所述定子槽内的层数a＝(n-1)/2，所述第二部分在所述定子槽内的层数b＝(n+1)/2。
在一种可能的实现方式中，n至少包括：7和9。
在一种可能的实现方式中，错位的槽数y1的范围包括：0＜y1＜y0。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述扁线绕组的定子槽的槽数Q＝mpq，其中，p为所述扁线绕组结构的极数，m为所述扁线绕组结构的相数，q为每极每相槽数。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述扁线绕组结构包括多相，同一所述定子槽内，属于不同相的相邻两层扁线绕组结构之间设置有绝缘件。
本申请的第二方面提供一种车辆，至少包括车轮、传动部件和上述任一所述的电机，所述电机通过所述传动部件与所述车轮相连。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种电机的结构示意图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的一种8极48槽10层的扁线绕组结构中U相绕组结构支路一的展开分布示意图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的一种8极48槽10层的扁线绕组结构中U相绕组结构支路二的展开分布示意图；
图4为图3中A部分的局部放大图；
图5为图3中B部分的局部放大图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的一种8极48槽10层的扁线绕组结构中U相绕组结构支路三的展开分布示意图；
图7为本申请实施例提供的一种8极48槽10层的扁线绕组结构中U相绕组结构支路四的展开分布示意图；
图8为本申请实施例提供的一种8极48槽10层的扁线绕组结构中U相绕组结构的展开分布示意图；
图9为本申请实施例提供的一种8极48槽10层的扁线绕组结构的展开分布示意图；
图10为本申请实施例提供的一种8极48槽电机的峰值扭矩工况点的转矩波动对比图；
图11为本申请实施例提供的一种6极54槽6层的扁线绕组结构中U相绕组结构支路二的展开分布示意图；
图12为本申请实施例提供的一种6极54槽6层的扁线绕组结构中U相绕组结构的展开分布示意图；
图13为本申请实施例提供的一种6极54槽6层的扁线绕组结构的展开分布示意图；
图14为本申请实施例提供的一种8极48槽9层的扁线绕组结构中U相绕组结构支路一的展开分布示意图；
图15为本申请实施例提供的一种8极48槽9层的扁线绕组结构中U相绕组结构的展开分布示意图；
图16为本申请实施例提供的一种8极48槽9层的扁线绕组结构的展开分布示意图。
附图标记说明：
100-电机；                     10-定子铁芯；        11-定子槽；
20-扁线绕组结构；              21-U相绕组结构；     21c-进线端；
21d-出线端；                   211-第一部分；       211a-第一导体层；
212-第二部分；                 212a-第二导体层；    2110、2111-第一线圈层；
2120、2121、2122-第二线圈层；  22-W相绕组结构；     23-V相绕组结构。
具体实施方式
本申请的实施方式部分使用的术语仅用于对本申请的具体实施例进行解释，而非旨在限定本申请。
电机通常包括定子铁芯和绕设在定子铁芯上的定子绕组，具体的，定子铁芯上通常会开设有多个定子槽，多个定子槽沿定子铁芯的周向间隔设置，定子槽的延伸方向与定子铁芯的轴向可以相平行。定子槽可以起到限位固定的作用，定子绕组可以通过定子槽绕设在定子铁芯上。
其中，对电机中的一些术语进行解释说明：
电机极数(p)，即电机的磁极数，磁极分N极和S极，一般把1个N极和1个S极称为一对磁极，也就是极对数(P)为1，所以，电机的极对数为1、2、3、4，则电机的极数(p)为2、4、6、8，其中，电机的转速(n)与电机的极对数(P)之间满足n＝60f/P，其中，f为电源频率，也即当f的频率为变化时，则电机的转速与频率和极对数相关。
极距(y0)是指沿电机定子铁芯内圆每个磁极所占的范围，也即相邻的N极和S极相对槽所占的跨距。极距可以用每极所占的槽数表示：y0＝Z/2P，其中Z为定子铁芯上的定子槽的总槽数，P为极对数。
节距(y)，对于扁线电机，由于形成绕组的U型线跨距可能存在多种，通常采用等效节距来描述其综合效果，即使用等效节距作为绕组的节距，等效节距是指相邻两极下，同一相绕组的第一部分相带和第二部分相带之间的间距。
另外，定子绕组的绕设方式包括有整距绕组和短距绕组，其中，整距绕组是指定子绕组的节距等于极距，短距绕组是指定子绕组的节距小于极距。
目前，常见的电机多为扁线电机和圆线电机，其中，扁线电机是指定子绕组是由宽度较宽的扁铜线绕设形成的，而圆线电机是指定子绕组是由较窄的圆铜线绕设形成的。由于圆线电机中定子绕组的绕设方式自由度较高，在圆线电机中定子绕组为短距绕组较为常见。
而在扁线电机中，通常会将绕组线圈首先成型，如形成一端开口，另一端为U型端，类似发卡的形状，开口端为两个线腿开口形成的结构，然后将绕组线圈的两个线腿穿进对 应的定子槽内，最后将相邻两个绕组线圈的开口端的线腿焊接形成绕组线圈组，一个或多个绕组线圈组并列形成绕组结构。因此，扁线电机的绕组成型要求、加工难度以及绕设难度较大，在扁线电机中其定子绕组的绕制方式多为整距绕组，短距绕组实现较为困难，对工艺要求较高。而电机运转时切割磁感线就会产生电动势，其中，电动势的方向和电机两端所加电压相反，则产生的电动势为反电动势，线圈电动势是两线圈边电动势的代数和，整距绕组其两线圈边跨距为180°电角度，短距绕组其两线圈边跨距小于180°电角度，因此整距绕组的反电动势较高，产生的反电动势谐波较高，从而影响电机性能。
基于此，本申请实施例提供一种电机，电机的定子铁芯上绕设的扁线绕组结构为短距绕组，从而降低电机在运行时的反电动势谐波，提升电机的性能，且该扁线绕组结构的结构设计较为简单，工艺要求较低，便于实现。
以下结合附图，对本申请实施例提供的电机进行详细的说明。
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种电机的结构示意图。
参见图1所示，电机100可以包括有定子铁芯10和扁线绕组结构20，在定子铁芯10内壁的周向上开设有多个间隔设置的定子槽11。定子槽11可以起到限位固定的作用，扁线绕组结构20通过定子槽11绕设在定子铁芯10上。
其中，扁线绕组结构20为绕组线圈组在定子槽11上绕设形成的绕组结构，扁线绕组结构20的部分可以位于定子槽11内，而扁线绕组结构20的部分位于定子槽11外。其中，扁线绕组结构20可以包括有效边20a以及位于有效边20a两端的端部边20b和端部边20c，有效边20a位于定子槽11内，起到切割磁场、感应电动势的作用。端部边20b和端部边20c分别位于有效边20a的两侧并位于定子槽11外。
扁线绕组结构20的相数x可以为1，也即绕组线圈组数为1，也就是说扁线绕组结构20为单相绕组。或者，x也可以大于1，也即绕组线圈组数为多个，例如，扁线绕组结构20可以为三相绕组，也即绕组线圈组数为3，如包括U相绕组结构、V相绕组结构和W相绕组结构。如扁线绕组结构20也可以为六相绕组，即绕组线圈组数为6，如包括U相绕组结构、V相绕组结构、W相绕组结构、A相绕组结构、B相绕组结构和C相绕组结构。或者，也可以是其他相数。
另外，扁线绕组结构20的每相可以包括至少一个支路绕组。也即每相绕组结构可以包括有一个支路绕组。或者，每相绕组结构可以包括两个或两个以上的支路绕组，其中，当每相绕组结构包括两个或两个以上支路绕组时，每相绕组结构中的两个或两个以上支路绕组并联连接。
本申请实施例中，以扁线绕组结构20为三相绕组为例，具体的，包括U相绕组结构、V相绕组结构和W相绕组结构进行说明。
其中，本申请实施例中，每相扁线绕组结构20在定子槽11内的层数为n，也即每个定子槽11内排列绕设有n层绕组线圈，n层绕组线圈沿着定子槽11的延伸方向排列。其中，如可以使第1层绕组线圈为定子槽11的槽底层，即第1层靠近定子槽11的槽底处，第n层绕组线圈为定子槽11的槽口层，即第n层靠近定子槽11的槽口处。或者，也可以相反，如以第n层为定子槽11的槽底层，第1层为定子槽11的槽口层。
其中，扁线绕组结构20的每相均可以包括有第一部分211和第二部分212，如每相绕组结构可以分为第一部分211和第二部分212两个部分。以U相绕组结构21为例，包括 有第一部分211和第二部分212，第一部分211在定子槽11内绕设的层数为a层，第二部分212在定子槽11内绕设的层数为b层。
其中，a和b均为大于0的正整数，n为大于2的正整数，且a+b＝n，a≠b，n＞2。也就是说，例如，一个定子槽内可以绕设有10层扁线绕组结构20，则U相绕组结构21的第一部分211在每个定子槽内并列绕设的层数可以为4层，如1-4层，U相绕组结构21的第二部分212在每个定子槽内并列绕设的层数可以为6层，如5-10层。
并且在每相扁线绕组结构20的每极内，绕设有第一部分211的定子槽和绕设有第二部分212的定子槽之间错位y1个槽，也就是说，在使第一部分211和第二部分212均位于同一个定子槽内的基础上，将绕设第一部分211的定子槽相对绕设有第二部分212的定子槽，或者是将绕设有第二部分212的定子槽相对绕设有第一部分211的定子槽位移了y1个槽，使绕设第一部分211的定子槽和绕设第二部分212的定子槽发生错位。
而由于绕设第一部分211的定子槽和绕设第二部分212的第二定子槽之间错位了y1个槽，也即每相绕组结构的第一部分211和第二部分212相对错位设置了y1个槽，位于相邻两极下的同一相绕组的相带之间的等效节距y＝y0-y1，也即U相绕组结构21的节距y小于y0。其中，y0为扁线绕组的极距，也就使扁线绕组结构20的节距小于极距，从而使该扁线绕组结构20为短距绕组，进而在电机100运行时具有很好的转矩波动抑制作用，降低电机100的反电动势谐波，提升电机100的性能。
其中，扁线绕组结构20在绕设时，可以首先将其中一相绕设完，然后依次将各相绕设完，而每相绕组结构绕设时，如以U相绕组结构为例，可以首先将第一部分211绕设完后绕设第二部分212，或者，也可以首先将第二部分212绕设完后绕设第一部分211，或者也可以第一部分211和第二部分212交错绕设。
其中，本申请实施例中，绕设有第一部分211的定子槽和绕设有第二部分212的定子槽之间错位的槽数y1的范围可以为0＜y1＜y0，从而使扁线绕组结构20的等效节距小于极距，使扁线绕组结构20为短距绕组。
本申请实施例中，扁线绕组的定子槽的槽数Q＝mpq，其中，p为扁线绕组结构的极数，m为扁线绕组结构的相数，q为每极每相扁线绕组结构的槽数；mpq为m、p、q三者的乘积。例如，扁线绕组结构为三相绕组，即m为3，其极数p为8极，每极每相的槽数q为2，则定子铁芯10上的定子槽的槽数Q为48槽。
其中，需要说明的是，电机100的极数、相数、以及每个定子槽11内绕设的扁线绕组结构20的层数、每极每相的槽数等可根据电机100的实际需求选择设定。
其中，a可以为偶数、b也可以为偶数，由于一个绕组线圈对应绕设在两个定子槽11上，也即占用两层，当a和b中至少有一个为奇数时，会使相邻绕组线圈的线腿端部在焊接时，焊接端的扭头方向不一致，而存在扭头和焊接复杂等问题，使绕组结构的设计更加的复杂，更加难以实现。
而使a和b均为偶数，这样可以使多个绕组线圈可以按照同样的设置方向设置在定子槽11上，使扁线绕组结构20在焊接端的扭头角度保持一致，从而避免了焊接端扭头角度不一致而导致的扭头和焊接复杂等问题，进一步有效的简化了扁线绕组结构20的设计，便于实现。
其中，定子槽11内扁线绕组结构20的层数n可以为偶数，在相关技术中，为实现绕 组结构的短距，通过将定子槽层数等分并彼此错位，使绕组结构每相分为两个部分，并分别位于等分错位的定子槽内。而当n为偶数，n/2为奇数时，等分后的定子槽均为奇数层，如n＝10，等分后两部分分别在定子槽内的层数为5，而一个绕组线圈对应占用两层，这样会使焊接端的扭头方向不一致，导致绕组结构设计复杂而难以实现的问题。
而在本申请实施例中，a≠b，当n/2为奇数时，也能够使n可以分为两个均为偶数的a和b，从而使绕组线圈能够按照相同的设置方式设置，使焊接端的扭头角度保持一致，有效的简化了扁线绕组结构20的设计，便于实现。
其中，具体的，当n/2为奇数时，第一部分211在定子槽11内的层数a可以为n/2+1，第二部分212在定子槽11内的层数b可以为n/2-1。或者，第一部分211在定子槽11内的层数a可以为n/2-1，第二部分212在定子槽11内的层数b可以为n/2+1。这样使第一部分211和第二部分212在定子槽11内的层数较为接近，在实现短距绕组的效果的同时，能够便于扁线绕组结构20的绕设，便于实现。
具体的，例如，n可以为6，扁线绕组结构20的第一部分211在定子槽11内的层数a可以为2，第二部分212在定子槽11内的层数b可以为4，或者，第一部分211在定子槽11内的层数a可以为4，第二部分212在定子槽11内的层数b可以为2。
如n可以为10，扁线绕组结构20的第一部分211在定子槽11内的层数a可以为4，第二部分212在定子槽11内的层数b可以为6，或者，第一部分211在定子槽11内的层数a可以为6，第二部分212在定子槽11内的层数b可以为4。
也即在定子槽11内扁线绕组结构20绕设的层数较大，如6、10的需求下，也能够实现短距的效果，有利于提升电机100的性能。
相应的，n/2也可以为偶数，当n/2为偶数时，第一部分211在定子槽11内的层数a可以为n/2+2，第二部分212在定子槽11内的层数b可以为n/2-2。或者，第一部分211在定子槽11内的层数a可以为n/2-2，第二部分212在定子槽11内的层数b可以为n/2+2。同样的能够使第一部分211和第二部分212在定子槽11内的层数较为接近，在实现短距绕组的效果的同时，能够便于扁线绕组结构20的绕设，便于实现。
例如，n可以为8，扁线绕组结构20的第一部分211在定子槽11内的层数a可以为6，第二部分212在定子槽11内的层数b可以为2，或者，第一部分211在定子槽11内的层数a可以为2，第二部分212在定子槽11内的层数b可以为4。
在本申请实施例中，扁线绕组结构20的每相包括第一部分和第二部分。其中，第一部分可以包括位于定子槽内的第一导体层，每两个相邻层数内的第一导体层相连接形成一个第一线圈层。
相应的，第二部分可以包括位于定子槽内的第二导体层，每两个相邻层数内的第二导体层相连接形成一个第二线圈层。
其中，每相扁线绕组结构可以包括至少两个第一线圈层，相邻的两个第一线圈层之间通过单根跨线连接。每相扁线绕组结构也可以包括至少两个第二线圈层，相邻两个第二线圈层之间通过单根跨线连接。也就是说，通过单根跨线实现了线圈层之间的连接，也即实现了单根跨线的跨层连接，这样有助于简化扁线绕组结构，便于实现。
另外，第一导体层和第二导体层之间也可以通过单根跨线连接。也即通过单根跨线实现了同一相带不同部分之间的跨线连接，有助于进一步简化扁线绕组结构，便于实现。
在扁线绕组结构的每一相的焊接端侧，第一线圈层的跨距、第二线圈层的跨距、以及第一线圈层和第二线圈层之间单根跨线的跨距可以相等。这样在焊接端侧，绕组线圈的扭头角度能够进一步保持一致，能够进一步简化扭头和焊接工艺，有助于使扁线绕组结构设计进一步简单化。
在一种可能的实现方式中，以该电机100为三相电机，也即扁线绕组结构20为三相绕组，如分别包括U相绕组结构21、V相绕组结构23和W相绕组结构22(参照图7所示)，电机100极数p为8极，每极每相的槽数N为2，每个定子槽11内扁线绕组结构20的层数为10为例，则定子铁芯10上定子槽的槽数Q为48槽，也即该扁线绕组结构20为8极48槽10层的绕组，其极对数为4，极距为6。
以该8极48槽10层扁线绕组结构20包括4个支路绕组，分别为支路一、支路二、支路三和支路四。下表1示出了该扁线绕组结构中U相绕组结构的支路一的相带分布。
表1
Figure PCTCN2022111314-appb-000001
其中，表1中第一行为定子槽的槽号，第一列为每个定子槽内绕设的层号，参见表1可知，每个定子槽内可以绕设10层，可以以第1层为定子槽的槽底层，第10层为定子槽的槽口层。
其中，“+”代表电流流入导体(即绕组线圈)内，“-”代表电流流出导体。参见表1 所示，以U相绕组结构21中，第一部分211在定子槽内的层数为4层，第二部分212在定子槽内的层数为6层为例。绕设有第一部分211的定子槽与绕设有第二部分212的定子槽之间错位的槽数y1＝1，如第一部分211在1号定子槽11内的1-4层，第二部分212则在2号定子槽11内的5-10层。
图2为本申请实施例提供的一种8极48槽10层的扁线绕组结构中U相绕组结构支路一的展开分布示意图。
其中，需要说明的是，每相绕组结构均分别具有进线端和出线端，例如，参见图2所示，U相绕组结构21的支路一具有进线端21a(即U1+)和出线端21b(即U1-)，也即如图2中所示的支路一从1号定子槽11的第1层进线，从45号定子槽11的第10层出线。
以在绕设时，将绕组线圈插入定子槽11内，然后通过焊接的方式将各绕组线圈连接起来形成一相绕组结构为例，则绕组线圈中部可以为U型结构，两端可以分别插入两个定子槽11内，然后通过焊接的方式将相邻的两个绕组线圈焊接连接并最终形成U相绕组结构21，则焊接端220侧即为将相邻两个绕组线圈焊接连接的一侧，U型端230侧则为绕组线圈的U型结构侧。
其中，U相绕组结构21可以分成第一部分211和第二部分212，也即部分绕组线圈形成第一部分211，部分绕组线圈形成第二部分212。第一部分211包括位于定子槽11内的第一导体层211a。第二部分212包括位于定子槽11内的第二导体层212a。第一导体层211a和第二导体层212a可以形成U相绕组结构21的有效边210，焊接端220和U型端230分别位于U相绕组结构21的两侧。
需要说明的是，U相绕组结构21、V相绕组结构23和W相绕组结构22的有效边共同形成扁线绕组结构20的有效边，U相绕组结构21、V相绕组结构23和W相绕组结构22的焊接端220共同形成扁线绕组结构20的端部边20c，U相绕组结构21、V相绕组结构23和W相绕组结构22的U型端230共同形成扁线绕组结构20的端部边20b。
结合表1和图2所示，可以首先绕设U相绕组结构21的第一部分211，绕设完第一部分211后绕设U相绕组结构21的第二部分212。
其中，需要说明的是，在本申请实施例中，每相扁线绕组结构20每一支路，在每极的其中一个定子槽上进行绕设，其中，在相邻两极中，其中一极的其中一个定子槽上，扁线绕组结构20占位的层数，与其中另一极中的其中一个定子槽上，扁线绕组结构20占位的层数相邻。如，第一部分211的走线从1号定子槽第1层，绕设至7号定子槽第2层。并且，在每相扁线绕组结构20的多极中，每两极中扁线绕组结构20的占位层数与相邻两极扁线绕组结构20的占位层数相同，例如，第一部分211的走线从1号定子槽第1层，绕设至7号定子槽第2层，绕设至14号定子槽第1层，然后绕设至第20号定子槽第2层，1号定子槽和7号定子槽内扁线绕组结构的占位层数，与14号定子槽和20号定子槽内扁线绕组结构的占位层数分别相同。
具体的，U相绕组结构21支路一的第一部分211的走线依次为：1号定子槽第1层、7号定子槽第2层、14号定子槽第1层、20号定子槽第2层、25号定子槽第1层、31号定子槽第2层、38号定子槽第1层、44号定子槽第2层、1号定子槽第3层、7号定子槽第4层、14号定子槽第3层、20号定子槽第4层、25号定子槽第3层、31号定子槽第4层、38号定子槽第3层、44号定子槽第4层。
支路一的第二部分212的走线依次为：2号定子槽第5层、8号定子槽第6层、15号定子槽第5层、21号定子槽第6层、26号定子槽第5层、32号定子槽第6层、39号定子槽第5层、45号定子槽第6层、2号定子槽第7层、8号定子槽第8层、15号定子槽第7层、21号定子槽第8层、26号定子槽第7层、32号定子槽第8层、39号定子槽第7层、45号定子槽第8层、2号定子槽第9层、8号定子槽第10层、15号定子槽第9层、21号定子槽第10层、26号定子槽第9层、32号定子槽第10层、39号定子槽第9层、45号定子槽第10层。
结合表1和图2所示，极距y0可以为1号定子槽至7号定子槽之间的跨距，即y0＝6。由于绕设第一部分211的定子槽和绕设第二部分212的定子槽错位1个槽数，如第一部分211位于1号定子槽，则第二部分212位于2号定子槽。也即该相绕组结构的第二部分向相邻极错位了1个槽(如1-6号定子槽为1极，如第一极，7-12号定子槽为1极，如第二极，则第一极内的第二部分向第二极错位移动了1个槽)，相邻两极下，同一相绕组的第一部分相带和第二部分相带之间的间距，如第一极的第二部分位于2号定子槽内，第二极的第一部分位于7号定子槽内，其等效节距y为2号定子槽至7号定子槽的间距，即绕组结构的节距为5，也就是说，相邻两极下U相绕组结构21的相带之间的等效节距y＝y0-1＝5，也就实现了短距的效果。
下表2示出了该扁线绕组结构中U相绕组结构的支路二的相带分布，图3为本申请实施例提供的一种8极48槽10层的扁线绕组结构中U相绕组结构支路二的展开分布示意图。
表2
Figure PCTCN2022111314-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2022111314-appb-000003
结合表2和图3所示，支路二的进线端21c为39号定子槽的第10层进线，出线端21d为43号定子槽的第1层出线。也即可以首先绕设U相绕组结构21的第二部分212，绕设完第二部分212后绕设U相绕组结构21的第一部分211。
具体的，U相绕组结构21的第二部分212的走线依次为：39号定子槽第10层、33号定子槽第9层、26号定子槽第10层、20号定子槽第9层、15号定子槽第10层、9号定子槽第9层、2号定子槽第10层、44号定子槽第9层、第39号定子槽的第8层、33号定子槽第7层、26号定子槽第8层、20号定子槽第7层、15号定子槽第8层、9号定子槽第7层、2号定子槽第8层、44号定子槽第7层、39号定子槽第6层、33号定子槽第5层、26号定子槽第6层、20号定子槽第5层、15号定子槽第6层、9号定子槽第5层、2号定子槽第6层、44号定子槽第5层。
U相绕组结构21的第一部分211的走线依次为：38号定子槽第4层、32号定子槽第3层、25号定子槽第4层、19号定子槽第3层、14号定子槽第4层、8号定子槽第3层、1号定子槽第4层、43号定子槽第3层、38号定子槽第2层、32号定子槽第1层、25号定子槽第2层、19号定子槽第1层、14号定子槽第2层、8号定子槽第1层、1号定子槽第2层、43号定子槽第1层。
结合表2和图3所示，绕设有第一部分211的定子槽11和绕设有第二部分212的定子槽11之间错位1个槽，使支路二的等效节距y也为5，实现了短距的效果。
图4为图3中A部分的局部放大图，图5为图3中B部分的局部放大图。
本申请实施例中，每两个相邻层数内的第一导体层211a相连接形成一个第一线圈层，例如，第1层和第2层内的第一导体层211a相连接形成一个第一线圈层2110，第3层和第4层内的第一导体层211a相连接形成一个第一线圈层2111。
结合图4和图3所示，1号定子槽第2层内的第一导体层、8号定子槽第1层内的第一导体层、14号定子槽第2层内的第一导体层、19号定子槽第1层内的第一导体层、25号定子槽第2层内的第一导体层、32号定子槽第1层内的第一导体层、38号定子槽第2层内的第一导体层依次连接形成一个第一线圈层2110。
相应的，43号定子槽第3层内的第一导体层、1号定子槽第4层内的第一导体层、8号定子槽第3层内的第一导体层、14号定子槽第4层内的第一导体层、19号定子槽第3层内的第一导体层、25号定子槽第4层内的第一导体层、32号定子槽第3层内的第一导体层、38号定子槽第4层内的第一导体层依次连接形成一个第一线圈层2111。
第一线圈层之间通过单根跨线连接。如图5中所示，38号定子槽第2层内的第一导体层和43号定子槽第3层内的第一导体层211a之间即为连接两个第一线圈层的跨线，也即通过单根跨线实现了跨层连接，这样有助于简化扁线绕组结构20，便于实现。
其中，第一线圈层之间的跨距d1＝43-38＝5。
相应的，继续结合图3和图4所示，每两个相邻层数内的第二导体层212a相连接形成一个第二线圈层，例如，第5层和第6层内的第二导体层相连接形成一个第二线圈层2122，第7层和第8层内的第二导体层相连接形成一个第二线圈层2121，第9层和第10层内的 第二导体层相连接形成一个第二线圈层2120。
结合图4和图3所示，2号定子槽第6层内的第二导体层、9号定子槽第5层内的第二导体层、15号定子槽第6层内的第二导体层、20号定子槽第5层内的第二导体层、26号定子槽第6层内的第二导体层、33号定子槽第5层内的第二导体层、39号定子槽第6层内的第二导体层依次连接形成一个第二线圈层2122。
相应的，44号定子槽第7层内的第二导体层、2号定子槽第8层内的第二导体层、9号定子槽第7层内的第二导体层、15号定子槽第8层内的第二导体层、20号定子槽第7层内的第二导体层、26号定子槽第8层内的第二导体层、33号定子槽第7层内的第二导体层、39号定子槽第8层内的第二导体层依次连接形成一个第二线圈层2121。
44号定子槽第9层内的第二导体层、2号定子槽第10层内的第二导体层、9号定子槽第9层内的第二导体层、15号定子槽第10层内的第二导体层、20号定子槽第9层内的第二导体层、26号定子槽第10层内的第二导体层、33号定子槽第9层内的第二导体层、39号定子槽第10层内的第二导体层依次连接形成一个第二线圈层2120。
第二线圈层之间通过单根跨线连接。如39号定子槽第6层内的第二导体层与44号定子槽第7层内的第二导体层，以及39号定子槽第8层内的第二导体层与44号定子槽第9层内的第二导体层之间即为连接两个第二线圈层的跨线，也即通过单根跨线实现了跨层连接，这样有助于简化扁线绕组结构20，便于实现。
其中，第二线圈层之间的跨距d2＝44-39＝5。也即第一线圈层之间的跨距和第二线圈层之间的跨距相等。
另外，第一导体层211a和第二导体层212a之间也可以通过单根跨线连接。参见图5所示，以支路二为例，在定子槽11上绕设完第二部分212后需跳至绕设第一部分211的定子槽11上，如支路二中第二部分212最后绕设至44号定子槽第5层，并从该层跳至38号定子槽第4层进行第一部分211的绕设，也即44号定子槽第5层内的第二导体层需与38号定子槽第4层内的第一导体层相连。
使第一导体层211a和第二导体层212a之间通过单根跨线连接，也即通过单根跨线实现了第一线圈层和第二线圈层之间的跨线连接，也即通过单根跨线实现了同一相带不同部分之间的跨线连接，有助于进一步简化扁线绕组结构20，便于实现。
其中，第一导体层211a和第二导体层212a之间的跨距，可以与第一线圈层之间的跨距、第二线圈层之间的跨距不相等，如图5中所示的支路二，第一导体层211a和第二导体层212a之间的跨距为d3＝44-38＝6。
结合图3所示，本申请实施例中，每相扁线绕组结构20包括焊接端，焊接端为将相邻两绕组线圈焊接连接的一侧，第一线圈层的跨距为d4，也即两相邻层数内的第一导体层211a相连的单根跨线的跨距为d4。第二线圈层层之间的跨距为d5，两相邻层数内的第二导体层212a相连的单根跨线的跨距为d5，以及第一线圈层和第二线圈层之间单根跨线的跨距为d3。在焊接端侧，第一线圈层的跨距d4、第二线圈层的跨距d5、以及第一线圈层和第二线圈层之间的跨距d3相等。也即如图3中的支路二中，d4＝d5＝d3＝6，这样在焊接端侧，扭头角度能够进一步保持一致，能够进一步简化扭头和焊接工艺，有助于使扁线绕组结构20设计进一步简单化。
相应的，在定子槽11上绕设支路三和支路四，下表3示出了该扁线绕组结构中U相 绕组结构的支路三的相带分布，图6为本申请实施例提供的一种8极48槽10层的扁线绕组结构中U相绕组结构支路三的展开分布示意图。
表3
Figure PCTCN2022111314-appb-000004
结合表3和图6所示，支路三的进线端21e为37号定子槽的第1层进线，出线端21f为33号定子槽的第10层出线。也即可以首先绕设U相绕组结构21的第一部分211，绕设完第一部分211后绕设U相绕组结构21的第二部分212。
具体的，U相绕组结构21的第一部分211的走线依次为：37号定子槽第1层、43号定子槽第2层、2号定子槽第1层、8号定子槽第2层、13号定子槽第1层、19号定子槽第2层、26号定子槽第1层、32号定子槽第2层、37号定子槽第3层、43号定子槽第4层、2号定子槽第3层、8号定子槽第4层、13号定子槽第3层、19号定子槽第4层、26号定子槽第3层、32号定子槽第4层。
U相绕组结构21的第二部分212的走线依次为：38号定子槽第5层、44号定子槽第6层、3号定子槽第5层、9号定子槽第6层、14号定子槽第5层、20号定子槽第6层、27号定子槽第5层、33号定子槽第6层、38号定子槽第7层、44号定子槽第8层、3号定子槽第7层、9号定子槽第8层、14号定子槽第7层、20号定子槽第8层、27号定子槽第7层、33号定子槽第8层、第38号定子槽的第9层、44号定子槽第10层、3号定子 槽第9层、9号定子槽第10层、14号定子槽第9层、20号定子槽第10层、27号定子槽第9层、33号定子槽第10层。
结合表3和图6所示，绕设有第一部分211的定子槽11和绕设有第二部分212的定子槽11之间错位1个槽，使支路三的等效节距y也为5，实现了短距的效果。
下表4示出了该扁线绕组结构中U相绕组结构的支路四的相带分布，图7为本申请实施例提供的一种8极48槽10层的扁线绕组结构中U相绕组结构支路四的展开分布示意图。
表4
Figure PCTCN2022111314-appb-000005
结合表4和图7所示，支路四的进线端21g为27号定子槽的第10层进线，出线端21d为31号定子槽的第1层出线。也即可以首先绕设U相绕组结构21的第二部分212，绕设完第二部分212后绕设U相绕组结构21的第一部分211。
具体的，U相绕组结构21的第二部分212的走线依次为：27号定子槽第10层、21号定子槽第9层、14号定子槽第10层、8号定子槽第9层、3号定子槽第10层、45号定子槽第9层、38号定子槽第10层、32号定子槽第9层、第27号定子槽的第8层、21号定子槽第7层、14号定子槽第8层、8号定子槽第7层、3号定子槽第8层、45号定子槽第7层、38号定子槽第8层、32号定子槽第7层、27号定子槽第6层、21号定子槽第5层、14号定子槽第6层、8号定子槽第5层、3号定子槽第6层、45号定子槽第5层、38 号定子槽第6层、32号定子槽第5层。
U相绕组结构21的第一部分211的走线依次为：26号定子槽第4层、20号定子槽第3层、13号定子槽第4层、7号定子槽第3层、2号定子槽第4层、44号定子槽第3层、37号定子槽第4层、31号定子槽第3层、26号定子槽第2层、20号定子槽第1层、13号定子槽第2层、7号定子槽第1层、2号定子槽第2层、44号定子槽第1层、34号定子槽第2层、37号定子槽第1层。
结合表4和图7所示，绕设有第一部分211的定子槽11和绕设有第二部分212的定子槽11之间错位1个槽，使支路四的等效节距y也为5，实现了短距的效果。
结合表1-表4，以U相绕组结构21为例，位于各极内相对应层数的定子槽11的反电动势等效一致，如位于1号定子槽内第1层、位于7号定子槽内第1层、位于14号定子槽内第1层的绕组线圈的反电动势是相同的，而位于同一定子槽或反电动势相同的定子槽内不同的层数占位时，反电动势不同，参见表1-表4所示，每个支路中，将可能存在的占位都进行了遍历，如支路一中，第一部分211在1号定子槽内分别占位第1层和第3层，在7号定子槽内分别占位第2层和第4层，第二部分212在2号定子槽分别占位第5层、第7层和第9层，在8号定子槽内分别占位第6层、第8层和第10层。这样将所能布置的相带以及层数占位进行了遍历，使四个支路内的反电动势相位相一致，能够使各并联支路数均可以保持电势平衡，不会产生环流，有助于提升电机100的性能。
下表5示出了该扁线绕组结构中U相绕组结构的相带分布，图8为本申请实施例提供的一种8极48槽10层的扁线绕组结构中U相绕组结构的展开分布示意图。
表5
Figure PCTCN2022111314-appb-000006
Figure PCTCN2022111314-appb-000007
参见图8所示，支路一、支路二、支路三和支路四并联形成U相绕组结构21，其中，支路一的进线端21a位于1号定子槽的第1层，出线端21b位于45号定子槽的第10层。支路二的进线端21c位于39号定子槽的第10层，出线端21d位于43号定子槽的第1层。支路三的进线端21e位于37号定子槽的第1层，出线端21f位于33号定子槽的第10层。支路四的进线端21g位于27号定子槽的第10层，出线端21h位于31号定子槽的第1层。
结合表5和图8所示，每极每相U相绕组结构21的定子槽数为2，U相绕组结构21分成了第一部分211和第二部分212，而由于每极内绕设有第一部分211的定子槽和绕设有第二部分212的定子槽之间错位1个槽数，如2号定子槽的5-10层，与1号定子槽的1-4层相对错位了1个槽，使U相绕组结构21的等效节距y等于5，实现了短距的效果。
其中，需要说明的是，U相绕组结构21在定子槽11上的绕设方式还可以是其他方式(如并联支路数、进出的定子槽11以及在定子槽11上的绕设顺序等)，能够满足其所需的极数、支路数、每极每相定子槽11数等需求即可。
下表6示出了该扁线绕组结构的相带分布，图9为本申请实施例提供的一种8极48槽10层的扁线绕组结构的展开分布示意图。
表6
Figure PCTCN2022111314-appb-000008
Figure PCTCN2022111314-appb-000009
结合表6和图9所示，由于每相扁线绕组结构20的每极内，绕设有第一部分211的定子槽和绕设有第二部分212的定子槽之间错位了1个槽，使U相绕组结构21、V相绕组结构23以及W相绕组结构22的等效节距均为5，实现了短距的效果，从而使该扁线绕组结构20为短距绕组结构，有效的降低了电机100在运行时的反电动势谐波，提升电机100的性能。而且并未改变绕组结构的结构设计，仅使其在绕设时第一部分211和第二部分212错位1个槽绕设，结构设计较为简单，工艺要求较低，便于实现。
其中，需要说明的是，扁线绕组结构20包括多个相时，如参见表6，在同一定子槽11内的绕组结构不属于同一相，也即在同一个定子槽11内包括有两个不同相的绕组结构，如1号定子槽11内1-4层为U相绕组结构21，而6-10层为V相绕组结构23，可以在属于不同相带的相邻两层扁线绕组结构20直接设置绝缘件，具体的，可以为绝缘纸，以减小或避免不同相带之间的连接或干扰。如在1号定子槽第4层与第6层之间可以设置有绝缘件。
需要说明的是，每个定子槽11均内均设置有槽绝缘件，以实现对地的绝缘。而在同一定子槽11内相同相的绕组结构之间无需设置绝缘件。本申请实施例中，使定子槽11层数n分为a层和b层，也即在同一定子槽11内，至少有a层或b层为同相的绕组线圈，无需使用绝缘件实现层间绝缘，这样有助于减小绝缘材料的使用，有利于降低成本，并有助于提高扁线绕组结构20的铜满率。
或者，扁线绕组结构20的绕组线圈包括线圈导体以及线圈导体外包裹的绝缘层，可以通过增加绝缘层的厚度，使用绝缘性较大的材料制作绝缘层等方式，使绝缘层的绝缘性较强能够满足需求，这样在同一定子槽11内，不同相的两相邻扁线绕组结构20之间也可以不设置绝缘件。
图10为本申请实施例提供的一种8极48槽电机的峰值扭矩工况点的转矩波动对比图。
参见图10所示，在图10中，曲线S1表示一种整距绕组电机的转矩波动，曲线S2表示一种定子槽层数等分的短距绕组电机的转矩波动，曲线S3表示本申请实施例提供的一种短距绕组电机的转矩波动。如图10中所示，采用短距绕组的电机与整距绕组电机相比，其转矩波动均有大幅度的下降，采用整距绕组电机的转矩波动峰的峰值为31.14Nm，采用定子槽层数等分的短距绕组电机和采用本申请实施例提供的短距绕组电机的转矩波动峰峰值分别为7.76Nm和10.95Nm，分别下降了75％和65％。因此，本申请实施例提供的一种短距绕组电机具有很好的转矩波动抑制效果。
在另一种可能的实现方式中，以该电机100极数p为6极，每极每相的槽数N为3，每个定子槽11内扁线绕组结构20的层数为6为例，则定子铁芯10上定子槽的槽数Q为54槽，也即该扁线绕组结构20为6极54槽6层的绕组，其极对数为3，极距为9。
以该6极54槽6层扁线绕组结构20包括3个并联支路绕组，分别为支路一、支路二、支路三。下表7示出了该扁线绕组结构中U相绕组结构的支路二的相带分布。
表7
Figure PCTCN2022111314-appb-000010
Figure PCTCN2022111314-appb-000011
参见表7所示，以U相绕组结构21中，第一部分211在定子槽内的层数为2层，第二部分212在定子槽内的层数为4层为例。U相绕组结构21在每极内，绕设有第一部分211的定子槽与绕设有第二部分212的定子槽之间错位的槽数y1＝1，如第一部分在1号定子槽内的1-2层，第二部分则在54号定子槽内的3-6层。
图11为本申请实施例提供的一种6极54槽6层的扁线绕组结构中U相绕组结构支路二的展开分布示意图。
其中，参见图11所示，U相绕组结构21的支路二的进线端21c位于19号定子槽的第1层，出线端21d位于29号定子槽的第1层。
结合表7和图11所示，U相绕组结构21的第一部分211和第二部分212的绕设顺序可以交错，也就是说，可以首先绕设部分第一定子槽11然后绕设部分第二定子槽11，交错绕设，最终将第一部分211和第二部分212分别绕设在定子槽11上即可。
具体的，U相绕组结构21支路二的走线依次为：19号定子槽第1层、28号定子槽第2层、39号定子槽第1层、48号定子槽第2层、2号定子槽第1层、11号定子槽第2层、18号定子槽第3层、27号定子槽第4层、38号定子槽第3层、47号定子槽第4层、1号定子槽第3层、10号定子槽第4层、18号定子槽第5层、27号定子槽第6层、38号定子槽第5层、47号定子槽第6层、1号定子槽底5层、10号定子槽底6层、20号定子槽第6层、11号定子槽第5层、54号定子槽第4层、45号定子槽第3层、37号定子槽第4层、28号定子槽第3层、21号定子槽第2层、12号定子槽第1层、1号定子槽第2层、46号 定子槽第1层、38号定子槽第2层、29好定子槽第1层。
结合表7和图11所示，极距y0为1号定子槽至10号定子槽之间的跨距，即y0＝9，由于绕设第一部分211的定子槽和绕设第二部分212的第二定子槽错位1个槽数，如第一部分211位于1号定子槽，则第二部分212位于54号定子槽，也即该相绕组结构的第二部分212向相邻极错位了1个槽，使相邻两极下U相绕组结构21的相带之间的等效节距y＝y0-1＝8，也就实现了短距的效果。
其中，在该U相绕组结构21中，相邻层数内的第一导体层211a相连接形成一个第一线圈层，相邻层数内的第二导体层212a相连接形成一个第二线圈层。
第一线圈层之间通过单根跨线连接，第二线圈层之间通过单根跨线连接，而且，第一导体层211a和第二导体层212a之间也可以通过单根跨线连接。
在焊接端，第一线圈层的跨距、第二线圈层的跨距以及第一线圈层和第二线圈层之间单根跨线的跨距也可以相等。
下表8示出了该扁线绕组结构中U相绕组结构的相带分布，图12为本申请实施例提供的一种6极54槽6层的扁线绕组结构中U相绕组结构的展开分布示意图。
表8
Figure PCTCN2022111314-appb-000012
结合表8和图12所示，每极每相U相绕组结构21的定子槽数为3，U相绕组结构21分成了第一部分211和第二部分212，而由于每极内绕设有第一部分211的定子槽和绕设 有第二部分212的定子槽之间错位1个槽数，如1号定子槽的1-2层，与54号定子槽的3-6层相对错位了1个槽，使U相绕组结构21的等效节距y等于8，实现了短距的效果。
其中，需要说明的是，U相绕组结构21在定子槽11上的绕设方式(如并联支路数、进出的定子槽11以及在定子槽11上的绕设顺序等)还可以是其他方式，能够满足其所需的极数、支路数、每极每相定子槽11数等需求即可。
下表9示出了该扁线绕组结构的相带分布，图13为本申请实施例提供的一种6极54槽6层的扁线绕组结构的展开分布示意图。
表9
Figure PCTCN2022111314-appb-000013
结合表9和图13所示，由于每相扁线绕组结构20的每极内，绕设有第一部分211的定子槽和绕设有第二部分212的定子槽之间错位了1个槽，使U相绕组结构21、V相绕组结构23以及W相绕组结构22的等效节距均为5，实现了短距的效果，从而使该扁线绕组结构20为短距绕组结构，有效的降低了电机100在运行时的反电动势谐波，提升电机100的性能。而且并未改变绕组结构的结构设计，仅使其在绕设时第一部分211和第二部分212错位1个槽绕设，结构设计较为简单，工艺要求较低，便于实现。
其中，定子槽11内扁线绕组结构20的层数n也可以为奇数。
相关技术中，为实现绕组结构的短距，通过将定子槽层数等分并彼此错位，使绕组结构每相分为两个部分，并分别位于等分错位的定子槽内，而当定子槽层数n为奇数时，存 在不能够等分的问题，通过上述的方式就较难实现绕组结构的短距设计。
而在本申请实施例中，由于使每相扁线绕组结构20的第一部分211在定子槽11内的层数为a，第二部分212在定子槽11内的层数为b，a+b＝n，也即将n层分为了a和b两部分，并使a≠b，这样当定子槽11的层数n为奇数时，也能够通过上述的错位方式实现短距效果，结构设计较为简单，工艺要求较低，便于实现。
也即在本申请实施例中，定子槽11内扁线绕组结构20的层数n可以为奇数，也能够实现短距绕组的效果，扩大了该绕组结构的可适用范围。
其中，当n为奇数时，第一部分211在定子槽11内的层数a可以为(n+1)/2，第二部分212在定子槽11内的层数b可以为b＝(n-1)/2。或者，第一部分211在定子槽11内的层数a可以为(n-1)/2，第二部分212在定子槽11内的层数b可以为b＝(n+1)/2。这样使第一部分211和第二部分212在定子槽11内的层数较为接近，在实现短距绕组的效果的同时，能够便于扁线绕组结构20的绕设，便于实现。
例如，n可以为7，扁线绕组结构20的第一部分211在定子槽11内的层数a可以为3，第二部分212在定子槽11内的层数b可以为4，或者，第一部分211在定子槽11内的层数a可以为4，第二部分212在定子槽11内的层数b可以为3。
如n可以为9，扁线绕组结构20的第一部分211在定子槽11内的层数a可以为4，第二部分212在定子槽11内的层数b可以为5，或者，第一部分211在定子槽11内的层数a可以为5，第二部分212在定子槽11内的层数b可以为4。也即在定子槽11内扁线绕组结构20绕设的层数较大，如7、9的需求下，也能够实现短距的效果，有利于提升电机100的性能。
在一种可能的实现方式中，以电机100极数p为8极，每极每相的槽数N为2，每个定子槽11内扁线绕组结构20的层数n为9为例，则定子铁芯10上定子槽的槽数Q为48槽，也即该扁线绕组结构20为8极48槽9层的绕组，其极对数为4，极距为6。
以该8极48槽9层扁线绕组结构20包括4个支路绕组，分别为支路一、支路二、支路三和支路四。下表10示出了该扁线绕组结构中U相绕组结构的支路一的相带分布。
表10
Figure PCTCN2022111314-appb-000014
Figure PCTCN2022111314-appb-000015
其中，参见表10可知，每个定子槽内可以绕设9层，可以以第1层为定子槽的槽底层，9层为定子槽的槽口层。
以U相绕组结构21中，第一部分211在定子槽内的层数为4层，第二部分212在定子槽内的层数为5层为例。绕设有第一部分211的定子槽与绕设有第二部分212的定子槽之间错位的槽数y1＝1，如第一部分211在1号定子槽11内的1-4层，第二部分212则在48号定子槽11内的5-9层。
图14为本申请实施例提供的一种8极48槽9层的扁线绕组结构中U相绕组结构支路一的展开分布示意图。
结合表10和图14所示，支路一的进线端21a为1号定子槽的第1层，出线端21b为20号定子槽的第1层。
具体的，U相绕组结构21支路一的走线依次为：1号定子槽第1层、7号定子槽第2层、13号定子槽第3层、19号定子槽第4层、24号定子槽第5层、30号定子槽第6层、36号定子槽第7层、42号定子槽第8层、48号定子槽第9层、6号定子槽第9层、48号定子槽第8层、42号定子槽第7层、36号定子槽第6层、30号定子槽第5层、25号定子槽第4层、19号定子槽第3层、13号定子槽底2层、7号定子槽底1层、14号定子槽第1层、20号定子槽第2层、26号定子槽第3层、32号定子槽第4层、37号定子槽第5层、43号定子槽第6层、1号定子槽第7层、7号定子槽第8层、13号定子槽第9层、19号定子槽第9层、13号定子槽第8层、7号定子槽第7层、1号定子槽第6层、43号定子槽第5层、38号定子槽第4层、32号定子槽第3层、26号定子槽第2层、20号定子槽第1层。
结合表10和图14所示，极距y0为1号定子槽至7号定子槽之间的跨距，即y0＝6，由于绕设第一部分211的定子槽和绕设第二部分212的第二定子槽错位1个槽数，如第一部分211位于1号定子槽，则第二部分212位于48号定子槽，也即该相绕组结构的第二部分212向相邻极错位了1个槽，使相邻两极下U相绕组结构21的相带之间的等效节距y＝y0-1＝5，也就实现了短距的效果。
下表11示出了该扁线绕组结构中U相绕组结构的相带分布，图15为本申请实施例提供的一种8极48槽9层的扁线绕组结构中U相绕组结构的展开分布示意图。
表11
Figure PCTCN2022111314-appb-000016
Figure PCTCN2022111314-appb-000017
结合表11和图15所示，每极每相U相绕组结构21的定子槽数为2，U相绕组结构21分成了第一部分211和第二部分212，而由于每极内绕设有第一部分211的定子槽和绕设有第二部分212的定子槽之间错位1个槽数，如1号定子槽的1-4层，与48号定子槽的5-9层相对错位了1个槽，使U相绕组结构21的等效节距y等于5，实现了短距的效果。
下表12示出了该扁线绕组结构的相带分布，图16为本申请实施例提供的一种8极48槽9层的扁线绕组结构的展开分布示意图。
表12
Figure PCTCN2022111314-appb-000018
Figure PCTCN2022111314-appb-000019
结合表12和图16所示，由于每相扁线绕组结构20的每极内，绕设有第一部分211的定子槽和绕设有第二部分212的定子槽之间错位了1个槽，使U相绕组结构21、V相绕组结构23以及W相绕组结构22的等效节距均为5，实现了短距的效果，从而使该扁线绕组结构20为短距绕组结构，有效的降低了电机100在运行时的反电动势谐波，提升电机100的性能。结构设计较为简单，工艺要求较低，便于实现。
本申请实施例还提供一种车辆，具体的，该车辆可以为电动车/电动汽车(EV)、纯电动汽车(PEV/BEV)、混合动力汽车(HEV)、增程式电动汽车(REEV)、插电式混合动力汽车(PHEV)、新能源汽车(New Energy Vehicle)等。
具体的，该车辆可以包括有车轮、传动部件和电机，其中，电机与车轮通过传动部件连接，从而通过电机驱动车轮转动，进而带动车辆发生移动。
应当理解的是，该车辆还可以包括车体、制动部件等结构件，或者还可以包括其他能够实现车辆功能的结构件。
在本申请实施例的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应作广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或者两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请实施例中的具体含义。术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”、“第四”等(如果存在)是用于区别类似的对象，而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本申请实施例的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本申请实施例进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请实施例各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (19)

  1. 一种电机，其特征在于，包括：定子铁芯和扁线绕组结构，所述定子铁芯的周向上开设有多个定子槽；
    所述扁线绕组结构通过所述定子槽绕设在所述定子铁芯上，且所述扁线绕组结构的部分位于所述定子槽内，所述扁线绕组结构的部分位于所述定子槽外，每个所述定子槽内具有n层所述扁线绕组结构；
    所述扁线绕组结构的每相包括第一部分和第二部分，所述第一部分在所述定子槽内的层数为a层，所述第二部分在所述定子槽内的层数为b层，其中，a+b＝n，a≠b，n大于2；
    且每相所述扁线绕组结构在每极内，绕设有所述第一部分的所述定子槽与绕设有所述第二部分的所述定子槽之间错位y1个槽，以使所述扁线绕组的节距y＝y0-y1，其中，y0为扁线绕组的极距。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电机，其特征在于，n为偶数，或者，n为奇数。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电机，其特征在于，当n为偶数时，a为偶数，b为偶数。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电机，其特征在于，n/2为奇数。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电机，其特征在于，所述第一部分在所述定子槽内的层数a＝n/2+1，所述第二部分在所述定子槽内的层数b＝n/2-1；或者，
    所述第一部分在所述定子槽内的层数a＝n/2-1，所述第二部分在所述定子槽内的层数b＝n/2+1。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电机，其特征在于，n至少包括：6和10。
  7. 根据权利要求3所述的电机，其特征在于，n/2为偶数。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电机，其特征在于，所述第一部分在所述定子槽内的层数a＝n/2-2，所述第二部分在所述定子槽内的层数b＝n/2+2；或者，
    所述第一部分在所述定子槽内的层数a＝n/2+2，所述第二部分在所述定子槽内的层数b＝n/2-2。
  9. 根据权利要求3-8任一所述的电机，其特征在于，所述第一部分包括位于所述定子槽内的第一导体层，每两个相邻层数内的所述第一导体层相连接形成一个第一线圈层；
    所述第二部分包括位于定子槽内的第二导体层，每两个相邻层数内的所述第二导体层相连接形成一个第二线圈层。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的电机，其特征在于，每相所述扁线绕组结构包括至少两个所述第一线圈层，所述第一线圈层之间通过单根跨线连接。
  11. 根据权利要求9或10所述的电机，其特征在于，每相所述扁线绕组结构包括至少两个所述第二线圈层，所述第二线圈层之间通过单根跨线连接。
  12. 根据权利要求9-11任一所述的电机，其特征在于，所述第一导体层和所述第二导体层之间通过单根跨线连接。
  13. 根据权利要求9-12任一所述的电机，其特征在于，每相所述扁线绕组结构包括焊接端，在所述焊接端侧，所述第一线圈层的跨距、所述第二线圈层的跨距、以及所述第一线圈层和所述第二线圈层之间单根跨线的跨距相等。
  14. 根据权利要求2所述的电机，其特征在于，当n为奇数时，所述第一部分在所述定子槽内的层数a＝(n+1)/2，所述第二部分在所述定子槽内的层数b＝(n-1)/2；或者，
    所述第一部分在所述定子槽内的层数a＝(n-1)/2，所述第二部分在所述定子槽内的层数b＝(n+1)/2。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的电机，其特征在于，n至少包括：7和9。
  16. 根据权利要求1-15任一所述的电机，其特征在于，错位的槽数y1的范围包括：0＜y1＜y0。
  17. 根据权利要求1-16任一所述的电机，其特征在于，所述扁线绕组的定子槽的槽数Q＝mpq，其中，p为所述扁线绕组结构的极数，m为所述扁线绕组结构的相数，q为每极每相槽数。
  18. 根据权利要求1-17任一所述的电机，其特征在于，所述扁线绕组结构包括多相，同一所述定子槽内，属于不同相的相邻两层扁线绕组结构之间设置有绝缘件。
  19. 一种车辆，其特征在于，至少包括车轮、传动部件和上述权利要求1-18任一所述的电机，所述电机通过所述传动部件与所述车轮相连。
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