WO2023043185A1 - 독성 폐기물의 처리 공정 및 처리 장치 - Google Patents
독성 폐기물의 처리 공정 및 처리 장치 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023043185A1 WO2023043185A1 PCT/KR2022/013717 KR2022013717W WO2023043185A1 WO 2023043185 A1 WO2023043185 A1 WO 2023043185A1 KR 2022013717 W KR2022013717 W KR 2022013717W WO 2023043185 A1 WO2023043185 A1 WO 2023043185A1
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- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
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- C02F11/121—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering
- C02F11/125—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering using screw filters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
- C02F11/121—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering
- C02F11/127—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering by centrifugation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
- C02F11/14—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening with addition of chemical agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/18—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by thermal conditioning
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
- C02F2101/36—Organic compounds containing halogen
- C02F2101/363—PCB's; PCP's
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
- C02F2101/36—Organic compounds containing halogen
- C02F2101/366—Dioxine; Furan
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/34—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from industrial activities not provided for in groups C02F2103/12 - C02F2103/32
- C02F2103/36—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from industrial activities not provided for in groups C02F2103/12 - C02F2103/32 from the manufacture of organic compounds
- C02F2103/365—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from industrial activities not provided for in groups C02F2103/12 - C02F2103/32 from the manufacture of organic compounds from petrochemical industry (e.g. refineries)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/02—Temperature
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
- F23G2201/80—Shredding
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2207/00—Control
- F23G2207/10—Arrangement of sensing devices
- F23G2207/101—Arrangement of sensing devices for temperature
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/20—Waste processing or separation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/52—Mechanical processing of waste for the recovery of materials, e.g. crushing, shredding, separation or disassembly
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process and apparatus for treating toxic waste, and more particularly to a process and apparatus for removing toxic substances from toxic waste with high efficiency.
- Toxic waste solids can be treated to remove and reduce toxicity through high-temperature incineration at the level of 1,200 ° C, but it has several limitations. Typically, due to problems such as high energy and facility costs, resynthesis of toxic substances due to incomplete combustion and interaction with dust generated during incineration, air pollutants such as NOx/SOx and large amounts of CO2 emissions, high-temperature incineration is It can no longer be a sustainable method for the disposal of toxic waste solids.
- the present invention is to solve the problems of the prior art, and to provide an environmentally friendly treatment process and treatment apparatus for toxic waste capable of achieving a high toxic removal rate from waste having a high concentration of toxic components.
- An exemplary embodiment of the present invention is a temperature raising step of heating the toxic waste solid at a heating rate of 5 ° C./min or less on average to a heat treatment temperature selected from 300 ° C. to 600 ° C.; and a heat treatment step of heat-treating the toxic waste solid at the heat treatment temperature.
- the temperature of the toxic waste solid is raised to a heat treatment temperature selected from 300 ° C to 600 ° C, but when the temperature of the toxic waste solid is 200 ° C or higher, the heating rate is adjusted to an average of 5 ° C / min or less. step; and a heat treatment step of heat-treating the toxic waste solid at the heat treatment temperature.
- heat may be supplied to the toxic waste solid by dividing the temperature range from the temperature raising step to the heat treatment step into six or more zones.
- the toxic waste treatment process of the above embodiments may further include a heat treatment step of performing the toxic waste solid at 200 ° C. or lower before the temperature raising step.
- the toxic waste solids of the above embodiments may have a toxic concentration of 10,000-200,000 pg I-TEQ/g.
- the content of OCDF (octachlorinated dibenzofuran) and OCDD (octachlorinated dibenzodioxin) among toxic PCDF (polychlorinated dibenzofuran) and PCDD (polychlorinated dibenzodioxin) contained in the toxic waste solids of the above embodiments is 90 wt% or more.
- the process of treating toxic waste of the above embodiments further includes introducing a coagulant into the toxic wastewater before the temperature raising step, and separating solids and liquids in a flotation tank to form toxic waste solids. .
- the toxic waste treatment process of the above embodiments further includes at least one of a dehydration step, a particle size or component control step, a crushing or crushing step, and a drying step after forming the toxic waste solid. do.
- the toxic waste treatment process of the above embodiments further includes removing toxic components from by-product gas generated in the heat treatment step.
- One embodiment of the present invention is a toxic waste treatment device comprising a continuous rotary furnace reactor,
- the continuous rotary furnace reactor includes a body for generating by-product gases and harmless samples by pyrolyzing waste solids; a waste solid supply unit supplying the waste solid to the inside of the reactor in the continuous rotary furnace; A sample outlet for discharging the harmless sample from the main body and a plurality of heating units for supplying heat to the main body;
- the heating unit heats the waste solid from the waste solid supply unit in the direction of the sample discharge port to a heat treatment temperature selected from 300 ° C to 600 ° C at an average heating rate of 5 ° C / min or less. .
- Another embodiment of the present invention is a toxic waste treatment device comprising a continuous rotary furnace reactor,
- the continuous rotary furnace reactor includes a body for generating by-product gases and harmless samples by pyrolyzing waste solids; a waste solid supply unit supplying the waste solid to the inside of the reactor in the continuous rotary furnace; A sample outlet for discharging the harmless sample from the main body and a plurality of heating units for supplying heat to the main body;
- the heating unit raises the temperature from the waste solid supply unit in the direction of the sample outlet to the heat treatment temperature selected from 300 ° C to 600 ° C, and when the temperature of the waste solid is 200 ° C or higher, the heating rate is adjusted to an average of 5 ° C / min or less
- An apparatus for treating toxic waste that raises the temperature is provided.
- the main body of the exemplary embodiments may include six or more temperature zones in a direction from the waste solid supply unit to the sample discharge port, and the heating unit may supply heat to each of the temperature zones.
- the temperature ranges of the exemplary embodiments may increase the temperature of the waste solid at an average rate of 5° C./min or less along the longitudinal direction of the main body.
- a first temperature range closest to the waste solid supply unit among the temperature ranges of the above embodiments may have a set temperature of 200°C or less.
- the temperature ranges of the above embodiments include a temperature increase period in which the temperature is raised to the pyrolysis temperature at an average rate of 5 ° C. / min or less from the waste solid supply unit to the sample discharge unit, and the pyrolysis temperature is maintained after the temperature increase period
- a temperature holding period may be included.
- the ratio of the diameter (d) and the length (L) of the body of the above embodiments may be 1:8 to 1:20.
- a crushing device for pulverizing the waste solids before supplying the waste solids to the continuous rotary furnace reactor of the above embodiments may be further included.
- the crushing device may be provided with two or more screws spaced apart.
- the disintegration device may have a screw interval of 50 mm to 200 mm and a rotation speed of 120 RPM or less.
- the toxic waste treatment apparatus of the above embodiments may include a condensation washer including at least one of a condensing unit condensing the by-product gas and a washing unit cleaning the by-product gas.
- the toxic waste treatment apparatus of the above embodiments may further include a cooling device for receiving and cooling the harmless sample supplied from the sample outlet.
- the toxic waste treatment apparatus of the above embodiments may further include a temperature measuring sensor for measuring temperatures of the temperature sections.
- dechlorination, molecular destruction, and catalytic oxidation of toxic components are induced instead of evaporation through heat treatment temperature profile control, such as heat treatment temperature increase rate control, so that only heat treatment can produce ultra-high concentrations of waste.
- heat treatment temperature profile control such as heat treatment temperature increase rate control
- the toxic waste treatment process of the present invention can be performed under a nitrogen atmosphere and an atmosphere in which the concentration of oxygen is 21 vol% or less.
- the reaction condition is a nitrogen atmosphere
- the resynthesis of toxic PCDD and PCDF can be suppressed during and after the heat treatment process to effectively control the residual toxic concentration to a very low level, and the PCDF included in the by-product gas generated during the heat treatment process can be suppressed.
- the average degree of chlorine substitution may be 5 to 6, and accordingly, post-processing after the heat treatment process may be facilitated.
- the reaction condition is an oxygen concentration of 21 vol% or less, it is possible to achieve a high overall toxicity removal rate by inducing molecular destruction instead of dechlorination of toxic components.
- the toxic removal efficiency of waste solids containing high concentration of toxic substances can be increased and toxic components can be prevented from being resynthesized.
- waste solids may be continuously supplied from the disintegration device to the continuous rotary furnace reactor through the waste solid supply unit.
- 1 is a processing flow chart illustrating a conventional toxic substance processing method.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an apparatus for treating toxic waste according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an apparatus for treating toxic waste according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a view showing a crushing device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- An exemplary embodiment of the present invention is a temperature raising step of heating the toxic waste solid at a heating rate of 5 ° C./min or less on average to a heat treatment temperature selected from 300 ° C. to 600 ° C.; and a heat treatment step of heat-treating the toxic waste solid at the heat treatment temperature.
- Technologies for detoxifying solids containing toxic substances include thermal decomposition, thermal desorption, and high-temperature incineration.
- the pyrolysis method is a technology developed and applied to remove toxic components remaining in small amounts in incineration ash after burning waste, and is a method of dechlorinating or thermally destroying toxic components in incineration ash through an appropriate level of heat treatment.
- Thermal desorption and high-temperature incineration are technologies mainly applied to purify soil contaminated by toxic components. Toxins are removed from the soil by evaporation or thermal destruction by heating the contaminated soil above the vaporization temperature of the toxic components, followed by evaporation. The concept is to incinerate exhaust gases containing toxic components.
- the toxic waste solid to which the present invention is applied is distinctly different from the sample to which the above two detoxification techniques are mainly applied.
- Toxic waste solids to which the treatment process according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is applied has a moisture content of greater than 0 wt% and less than or equal to 90 wt%, and may be, for example, 30 wt% to 80 wt%.
- the toxic waste solid has a very high concentration of toxic components compared to the above incineration ash or soil.
- the toxic waste solid is pH 5-10.
- the toxic waste solid to which the treatment process according to the embodiments of the present invention is applied is a highly toxic waste solid having a toxic concentration of 10,000-200,000 pg I-TEQ/g.
- the toxic waste solid has a very different distribution of toxic substances (Dioxin's Congener) from general incineration ash or soil, and specifically has a very high ratio of OCDF and OCDD having a degree of chlorine substitution of 8.
- the content of octachlorinated dibenzofuran (OCDF) and octachlorinated dibenzodioxin (OCDD) is 90 wt% or more.
- the toxic waste solid may have a Cu content of 0 ppm to 10,000 ppm based on a dry sample having a water content of 1 wt% or less.
- the toxic waste solid may have a Cl content of 0 ppm to 100,000 ppm based on a dry sample having a moisture content of 1 wt% or less.
- the toxic waste solid may be wastewater sludge generated as a by-product of petrochemical processes.
- the toxic removal efficiency is likely to be low or even more increased due to high water content, high toxic concentration, and OCDF / OCDD ratio. there is.
- thermal decomposition is performed by heat treatment, but the rate of temperature increase from room temperature to heat treatment temperature is controlled so that toxic components are not evaporated and dechlorination, thermal destruction and catalyst are performed. It is possible to increase the toxicity removal rate by allowing it to be removed by oxidation.
- the heating rate from the heating step to the heat treatment temperature is 5 °C/min on average, preferably 3.5 °C/min on average, more preferably 2.5 °C/min on average, and more preferably 2.5 °C/min on average.
- the average temperature increase rate is a value calculated based on the temperature increase time during the entire temperature increase time.
- heat may be supplied to the toxic waste solid by dividing the temperature range from the temperature raising step to the heat treatment step into six or more zones.
- the set temperature of each zone is 200 ° C for the first zone, 250 ° C for the second zone, 300 ° C for the third zone, 350 ° C for the fourth zone, 400 ° C for the fifth zone, and 450 ° C for the sixth zone.
- the heating rate can be adjusted to an average of 5°C/min.
- the set temperature means a target temperature, and heat can be supplied differentially to raise the temperature to the set temperature of each zone.
- the temperature of the waste solids can be raised to 200 ° C, and the waste solids can be heated from 200 ° C to 250 ° C while moving from the second zone to the third zone. there is.
- the temperature section divided from the temperature raising step to the heat treatment step may include a temperature raising section and a temperature maintaining section.
- Each of the temperature raising section and the temperature maintaining section may include one or more zones, and the temperature raising section preferably includes 6 or more temperature sections. At this time, heat for maintaining the set temperature is supplied to the temperature maintaining section.
- the temperature raising section may be heated up to the pyrolysis temperature at a rate of 5° C./min or less, and the temperature maintenance section may maintain the increased pyrolysis temperature through the temperature raising section. And, the temperature maintaining section may be maintained at a temperature of 400 ° C to 600 ° C for 240 minutes or less.
- the holding time of the temperature holding section exceeds 240 minutes, the effect of increasing the efficiency of removing waste solids toxin is insignificant compared to the increase in the amount of energy used to maintain the temperature of the temperature holding section.
- the time when the temperature is raised may be referred to as a temperature-raising step
- the time when the temperature is maintained through the temperature-raising section and the increased pyrolysis temperature may be referred to as a pyrolysis step.
- the set temperature of each zone is 200 ° C for the first zone, 250 ° C for the second zone, and 300 ° C for the third zone.
- the fourth zone may be adjusted to 350 ° C, the fifth zone to 400 ° C, and the sixth zone to 400 ° C, and the heating rate may be an average of 5 ° C / min.
- the temperature of the toxic waste solid may be raised by dividing the temperature range from the initial temperature to the heat treatment temperature by dividing into a temperature range of 1 or more, 2 or more, 3 or more, 4 or more, 5 or more, or 6 or more.
- the toxicity removal rate after the heat treatment step is 80% or more, preferably 85% or more, and more preferably 90% or more.
- the toxicity removal rate can be calculated as follows.
- Toxic removal rate (%) ⁇ (initial sample [moisture content based on 1wt%] toxic concentration ⁇ sample mass) - (total amount of toxicity in by-product gas) ⁇ / (initial sample [water content based on 1wt%] toxic concentration ⁇ sample mass) ⁇ 100
- the total amount of toxicity in floating gas is obtained by analyzing the amount of toxic components after collecting the total amount of by-product gas generated in the heat treatment step using an organic solvent such as toluene or hexane.
- Toxic waste solids to which the treatment process according to the embodiment of the present invention is applied may be wastewater sludge generated as a by-product of petrochemical processes. Toxic components derived from the petrochemical process are mixed with the condensate generated in the condensation process in the latter half of the reaction and discharged as polluted wastewater. The amount of wastewater discharged at this time is several tens of tons per hour.
- the wastewater may be mixed with incinerator wastewater discharged after incineration of chlorine-based heavy materials generated during synthesis and purification processes. Incinerator effluents may also contain toxic components.
- the temperature of the toxic waste solid is raised to a heat treatment temperature selected from 300 ° C to 600 ° C, but when the temperature of the toxic waste solid is 200 ° C or higher, the heating rate is adjusted to an average of 5 ° C / min or less. step; and a heat treatment step of heat-treating the toxic waste solid at the heat treatment temperature.
- the contents described in the previous embodiments can be applied, except that the temperature increase rate is adjusted to an average of 5 ° C / min or less when the temperature of the toxic waste solid is 200 ° C or higher. .
- the temperature of the toxic waste solid is raised relatively quickly to a level of 200 ° C, if necessary, and the temperature is maintained at a low rate of temperature increase from above, thereby achieving an improved removal rate of toxicity.
- the temperature increase rate is 5 °C/min or less on average, preferably 3.5 °C/min or less on average, more preferably 2.5 °C/min or less on average, and more preferably 1 °C/min to 3 °C on average. /min, an average of 1 °C/min to 2.5 °C/min, an average of 1 °C/min to 2.2 °C/min.
- the temperature increase rate when the temperature of the toxic waste solid is less than 200 °C may be adjusted to be selected from an average of 5 °C/min or more, for example, an average of 10 °C/min or more. Efficient heat treatment can be implemented through such a rapid temperature increase.
- the upper limit of the heating rate may be determined as needed, and may be determined, for example, at an average of 5 °C/min or more and 40 °C/min or less.
- the toxic waste treatment process of the above embodiments may further include a heat treatment step of performing the toxic waste solid at 200 ° C. or lower before the temperature raising step.
- the time for performing the heat treatment step at 200° C. or less may be determined as necessary, and may vary depending on the heating rate. Efficient heat treatment can be implemented through heat treatment at 200 ° C. or less.
- the method may further include adding a coagulant to the toxic wastewater before the temperature raising step, separating solids and liquids in a flotation tank, and forming toxic waste solids through a dehydration step.
- the toxic components are mainly collected in the solid phase because their solubility in water is very low. Therefore, treatment of wastewater through flotation tanks can leave most of the toxic components in the toxic waste solids.
- aeration treatment, sedimentation treatment, etc. may be performed before separating solid and liquid in the flotation tank.
- additional secondary flotation treatment may be performed after the primary flotation treatment, thereby minimizing the residual amount of toxic components in the wastewater.
- the treatment process may further include at least one of a dehydration step, a particle size or component control step, a crushing or crushing step, and a drying step after forming the toxic waste solid.
- the solid phase separated from the flotation tank since the solid phase separated from the flotation tank has a moisture content of 95% or more, it may undergo an additional dehydration step.
- the dehydration step may be performed to adjust the water content in the toxic waste solid to 30 wt% to 80 wt%.
- the dehydration method is not particularly limited, but may be mainly performed using a filter press, and additionally decanter, disk dryer, rotary dryer, paddle dryer, vertical type Multi-stage dryer, Cyclone dryer etc. may be applied.
- the treatment process according to an embodiment of the present invention may further include the step of reintroducing the dehydrated filtrate generated in the dehydration step to the flotation tank or the front end of the toxic wastewater treatment process, thereby reprocessing in the flotation tank. can do.
- a fine filter can be used to trap solid components.
- the treatment process may further include a step of adjusting the particle size or composition of toxic waste solids.
- the particle size or component control step may include an aggregation and/or flotation step.
- the particle size of the solid material may be increased and the components may be adjusted by the aggregation and/or flotation step.
- the aggregation and/or flotation step may be performed through chemical treatment.
- the toxic waste solid obtained through the above method has a moisture content of 30-80 wt% and a toxic concentration in the range of 10,000-200,000 pg I-TEQ/g, which is very high.
- OCDF and OCDD account for more than 90 wt% of toxic PCDF and PCDD.
- the toxic waste solids may be discharged in the form of a wet powder or may be discharged in the form of a compressed cake using a filter press machine.
- the toxic waste solid may contain an organic/inorganic ratio of 3:7 to 7:3, specifically 4:6 to 6:4, for example, 1:1, based on weight.
- the organic/inorganic ratio may vary depending on the type or amount of chemicals introduced in the above-described flotation tank treatment step, aggregation step, or flotation step.
- the toxic waste solid includes at least one element of Cu, Ca, Mg, and Al.
- the toxic waste solid preferably has a Cu content of 500 ppm or more, preferably 1,000 to 5,000 ppm. In the case of having such a Cu content, heat treatment efficiency and stability described later may be increased.
- the toxic waste solid includes at least one element of Ca, Mg, Fe, and Al, and the total sum of the elements is 10,000 ppm or more, preferably 10,000 ppm to 500,000 ppm. In the case of having such a content, heat treatment efficiency described later can be increased.
- the treatment process may further include at least one step of crushing or crushing the toxic waste solids and drying, if necessary.
- heat transfer to toxic waste solids can be made more effective, and higher toxicity removal efficiency can be shown in combination with heat treatment by a low heating rate, which is a feature of the present invention.
- the toxic waste solid When the toxic waste solid is produced into particles by the crushing or crushing step, not only can it be controlled to have a relatively low moisture content compared to the sludge state, but it is easy to control the moisture content and can be controlled to have a desired moisture content. , it is advantageous for heat transfer to toxic components to be decomposed in the heat treatment step.
- the particle form may have a larger surface area than the sludge form, and this large surface area becomes a factor for smooth heat transfer, further increasing the decomposition efficiency by heat treatment.
- the crushing or crushing step is not particularly limited as long as it can granulate the toxic waste solid.
- the crushing may be performed using a general crusher, and specifically, a double screw mixer or a jaw crusher may be used.
- the drying step can reduce the water content in the toxic waste solid, thereby increasing the removal efficiency and energy efficiency of toxic components in the heat treatment step described later.
- the drying step may be performed in a manner, condition, and time to adjust the moisture content as described above, and is not particularly limited. For example, it may be performed by leaving the toxic waste solid at a temperature higher than room temperature and lower than the temperature of the heat treatment step. Control of the drying temperature and control of the moisture content may be performed using a known method, and may be performed using a general device used for drying.
- the toxic waste solid in the heat treatment step, is put into a reactor, such as an electric furnace (Tube furnace), and the reaction temperature is 300 ° C. to 600 ° C., and the reaction time is 10 hours or less. Dechlorination of components and thermal destruction mechanisms can remove toxic components.
- the heat treatment step may be performed for 30 minutes or more and 10 hours or less.
- the heat treatment step may be preferably performed using a rotary kiln.
- the dechlorination and thermal destruction mechanisms in the heat treatment step can occur more easily because the inorganic components as described above in the toxic waste solid act as a catalyst during the heat treatment.
- the toxicity removal rate may reach a level of 70% or more.
- evaporation of toxic components is dominant compared to dechlorination or thermal destruction/catalytic oxidation of toxic components, resulting in low toxicity removal efficiency.
- the overall toxin removal efficiency can be increased.
- dechlorination and thermal destruction/catalytic oxidation are induced instead of evaporation of toxic components such as OCDF, so that ultra-high concentration toxic waste solids can be obtained through only the corresponding heat treatment
- the toxicity removal rate can be implemented at a level of 70% or more.
- the simple evaporation tendency becomes stronger compared to the removal of toxicity due to dechlorination of OCDF, resulting in a remarkably low removal rate of toxicity to 30% or less.
- Residual toxicity in toxic waste solids in the heat treatment step is 3,000 pg I-TEQ/g or less, preferably 1,500 pg I-TEQ/g or less, preferably 1,000 pg I-TEQ/g or less, more preferably 100 pg I-TEQ/g or less It is less than pg I-TEQ/g.
- the total mass may be reduced to 70 wt% or less due to reduction of moisture and organic matter.
- most of the OCDF is dechlorinated or thermally decomposed in the heat treatment step.
- the average chlorine substitution degree of toxic PCDF contained in the by-product gas generated in the heat treatment step may be 4 to 8, preferably 4 or more and less than 8, and more preferably 5 or more and 7.7 or less.
- the reaction condition is a nitrogen atmosphere
- the average degree of chlorine substitution of PCDF included in the by-product gas may be 5 to 6 levels.
- the heat treatment step can be implemented even in an oxygenated air environment, and toxic components can be removed by thermal destruction and catalytic oxidation by metal components in the waste solid, rather than dechlorination.
- the heat treatment step of the treatment process according to one embodiment of the present invention may be performed in an oxygenated air environment, but the heat treatment step according to another embodiment may be performed in an oxygen-free or low-oxygen atmosphere.
- heat treatment is performed in an anoxic or low-oxygen atmosphere, not only toxicity removal by thermal destruction but also dechlorination is promoted to more efficiently remove toxicity, and residual toxicity levels are kept below a certain level due to the resynthesis of toxic components due to oxygen. can overcome the disadvantages that are difficult to lower.
- an oxygen-free atmosphere means an atmosphere in which oxygen among gases constituting the atmosphere does not substantially exist.
- the heat treatment step may be performed in a nitrogen atmosphere or an atmosphere in which the concentration of oxygen is 30 vol% or less, preferably 21 vol% or less, and no oxygen is present, that is, the oxygen concentration is 0 vol%. there is.
- the hypoxic or anoxic atmosphere is not limited to a specific gas, and may be, for example, a nitrogen atmosphere, an inert atmosphere, or a vacuum atmosphere.
- the inert atmosphere may be an argon atmosphere or a helium atmosphere, but is not limited thereto.
- a nitrogen atmosphere is applied to a low-oxygen or non-oxygen atmosphere, it is economical because relatively inexpensive nitrogen can be used, and there are advantages in that the atmosphere is easy to create.
- the low-oxygen or oxygen-free atmosphere can be controlled by introducing a carrier gas into the heat treatment apparatus used in the heat treatment step.
- the treatment process further includes removing toxic components from the by-product gas generated in the heat treatment step.
- Some of the toxic components dechlorinated during the heat treatment step may be included in the by-product gas generated during the heat treatment and discharged out of the sample. Therefore, a step of additionally removing toxic components remaining in the by-product gas may be included.
- the step of removing toxic components from the by-product gas is selected from a high-temperature incineration step, a step of returning after liquefaction and high-temperature incineration, a step of scrubbing or liquefying and then re-injecting the wastewater treatment plant, a step of collecting dust, and a step of decomposing a catalyst steps may be included.
- the remaining toxic components can be converted into harmless low-molecular-weight compounds such as carbon dioxide or water.
- air or oxygen may be introduced together in addition to the by-product gas generated in the heat treatment step.
- the step of removing toxic components from the by-product gas may be performed at a temperature of 900 °C to 1,200 °C, preferably 1,000 °C to 1,200 °C.
- the treatment time may be determined according to need, and may be performed, for example, from 5 minutes to 60 minutes.
- the average degree of chlorine substitution of PCDF in the by-product gas may be 6 or less. Since such a by-product gas has a lower boiling point than a by-product gas containing a large amount of OCDF, it is easy to transfer to a high-temperature incinerator for removing residual toxic components thereafter.
- the step of cooling the gas may be further included if necessary.
- the cooling may be performed through a generally used method, for example, a method using cooling water, and rapid cooling is preferable to minimize resynthesis.
- the treatment process may further include a scrubbing step of passing the by-product gas through a scrubber and/or a dust collection step of passing the by-product gas through a dust collector.
- the scrubbing step and the dust collection step may include either one or both.
- the scrubber used in the scrubbing step may include at least one of an organic solvent scrubber for removing organic gas and a base solution scrubber for removing acid gas.
- the by-product gas may pass through an organic solvent scrubber and then a base solution scrubber.
- a toluene scrubber may be used as the organic solvent scrubber, and a sodium hydroxide scrubber may be used as the base solution scrubber.
- the dust collector used in the dust collection step may include a bag filter or the like.
- the order is not particularly limited, and the by-product gas can be passed through the dust collector and then passed through the scrubber, or the by-product gas can be passed through the scrubber and then passed through the dust collector. . From the viewpoint of removing harmful gases, it may be more preferable to first pass through a dust collector among scrubbers and dust collectors.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an apparatus 100 for treating toxic waste according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- An apparatus 100 for treating toxic waste includes a crushing apparatus 10 and a continuous rotary kiln reactor 20 .
- the disintegration device 10 has a configuration of disintegrating the waste solids before supplying the waste solids to the continuous rotary furnace reactor 20 to be described later, and may pulverize the waste solids.
- Waste solids may be wastewater sludge generated as a by-product of petrochemical processes. Toxic components derived from the petrochemical process are mixed with the condensate generated in the condensation process in the latter half of the reaction and discharged as polluted wastewater. The amount of wastewater discharged at this time is several tens of tons per hour.
- the wastewater may be mixed with incinerator wastewater discharged after incineration of chlorine-based heavy materials generated during synthesis and purification processes. Incinerator effluents may also contain toxic components.
- a pretreatment device may inject a coagulant into toxic wastewater, separate solids and liquids in a flotation tank, and dewater them.
- Toxic components contained in the waste solids pretreated by the pretreatment device are mainly collected in the solid phase because their solubility in water is very low. Therefore, treatment of wastewater through flotation tanks can leave most of the toxic components in the toxic waste solids.
- aeration treatment, sedimentation treatment, etc. may be performed before separating solid and liquid in the flotation tank.
- an additional secondary flotation treatment may be performed after the primary flotation treatment, thereby minimizing the residual amount of toxic substances in the wastewater.
- Waste solids may be provided in an agglomerated form, and the disintegrating device 10 is configured to disperse the waste by applying physical force to the agglomerated waste solids. Therefore, the crushing device 10 does not affect the moisture content of the waste solids.
- the crushing device 10 may crush the waste solids to a particle diameter of 1 mm to 50 mm. If the particle diameter of the waste solid is less than 1 mm, dust is generated in the continuous rotary furnace reactor 20 when the waste solid in the form of particles is supplied to the continuous rotary furnace reactor 20 . Therefore, a problem arises in that the recovery rate of harmless samples produced by thermal decomposition of waste solids is reduced.
- the disintegration device 10 may be provided with two or more screws 12 spaced apart inside the case 11 that determines the outer shape of the disintegration device 10 . Further, the disintegration device 10 may include a waste solid input unit 13 into which waste solids are introduced and a particle discharge unit 14 through which waste solids in the form of particles are discharged.
- the screw 12 refers to a device that generates force to push and pulverize waste solids while rotating because a metal wing having a spiral surface is attached to one surface of a rotating shaft.
- the crushing device 10 may be provided with two screws 12 inside the case 11. Waste solids are supplied between the two screws 12, and as the two screws 12 rotate, the waste solids can be evenly granulated and pulverized without agglomeration.
- the distance between the two screws 12 is 50 mm to 200 mm. If the distance between the screws 12 is less than 50 mm, the particle size of the waste solids becomes small and dust is generated in the continuous rotary furnace reactor 20 during the pyrolysis process, and when the distance between the screws 12 exceeds 200 mm, the waste solids Agglomeration or uneven granulation may occur.
- the screw 12 may rotate at a speed of 120 RPM or less.
- the screw 12 rotates at a speed exceeding 120 RPM, a problem occurs in that the particle diameter of the waste solid becomes small.
- the screw 12 may be provided in a form in which wings are provided on the outer circumferential surface of the rotating body.
- the wing may be provided in a spiral shape, but the shape is not limited as long as it can disintegrate the waste solid in contact with the waste solid.
- the wing may be formed at an angle of 90 degrees or less based on the moving direction of the waste solid. If the wings exceed 90 degrees with respect to the moving direction of the waste solids, a problem in that the waste solids are not moved to the particle discharge unit 14 may occur.
- the continuous rotary kiln reactor 20 is configured to thermally decompose waste solids in the form of particles supplied from the crushing device 10 .
- the continuous rotary furnace reactor 20 includes a main body 21 for generating by-product gases and harmless samples by pyrolyzing waste solids, and waste solids for supplying waste solids in the form of particles into the main body 21.
- a supply unit 22 a gas supply unit 23 to which inert gas is supplied, a by-product gas discharge unit 24 to discharge by-product gas generated by thermal decomposition of waste solids, and a sample to discharge harmless samples generated by thermal decomposition of waste solids.
- the discharge unit 25 and the body 21 may include a plurality of heating units 26 located on the outer circumferential surface to heat the body 21 .
- the waste solid supply unit 22 receives waste solids in the form of particles from the crushing device 10 and supplies them to the inside of the main body 21, and may be provided on the side of the main body 21.
- the waste solids supply unit 22 includes a hopper 22a receiving waste solids in the form of particles from the crushing device 10 and a moving unit 22b for moving the waste solids into the main body 21. can do.
- the hopper 22a may be coupled to one side of the moving part 22b.
- the hopper 22a may include a shape gradually narrowing in a direction in contact with the moving part 22b, but the shape is not limited as long as the waste solid can be supplied.
- the moving unit 22b may move the waste solid in a horizontal direction.
- the horizontal direction may mean an axial direction of the continuous rotary furnace reactor 20 or a direction parallel to the moving direction of waste solids in the main body 21 .
- the movable part 22b may include one or more screws inside the body that determines the outer shape of the movable part 22b.
- the screw may include a form in which wings are provided on the outer circumferential surface of the rotating body.
- the moving part 22b may include a conveyor belt inside the body.
- the shape of the moving unit 22b is not limited as long as it can move the waste solid horizontally.
- the waste solid supply unit 22 may further include a control unit (not shown) for controlling the amount of waste solid supplied.
- the regulator may include one or more valves.
- the valve may include a gate valve, a butterfly valve, a rotary valve, and the like.
- the shape of the control unit is not limited as long as it can control the supply amount of waste solids.
- the gas supply unit 23 supplies an inert gas to the inside of the continuous rotary furnace reactor 20 to adjust the low-oxygen or anoxic atmosphere.
- the oxygen-free atmosphere includes an atmosphere with an oxygen concentration of 0 vol%
- the low-oxygen atmosphere includes an atmosphere with an oxygen concentration of 21 vol% or less.
- the oxygen-free or low-oxygen atmosphere may include a nitrogen atmosphere, an inert atmosphere, and a vacuum atmosphere.
- the gas supply unit 23 may be located on the outer circumferential surface of the main body 21, and in addition, the gas supply unit 23 may be formed on the outer circumferential surface of the main body 21 where the heating unit 26 is not formed.
- the by-product gas discharge unit 24 may be formed in a direction opposite to the gas supply unit 23 in order to increase the thermal decomposition time of the waste solid.
- the opposite direction means a direction opposite to the direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the continuous rotary furnace reactor 20.
- inert gas may also be discharged together with the by-product gas.
- the sample discharge unit 25 may be formed on an outer circumferential surface of the main body 21 on which the heating unit 26 is not formed.
- the waste solid supply unit 22 may be located at one end of the body 21, and the sample discharge unit 25 may be located at the other end of the body 21. Alternatively, it may be formed in a direction opposite to the waste solid supply unit 22 based on the longitudinal direction of the reactor 20 in a continuous rotary furnace.
- each temperature section may be maintained at different temperatures. That is, in the continuous rotary furnace reactor 20 according to the present invention, the heating unit 26 is located on the outer surface of the main body 21 in each temperature section, so that the temperature in each temperature section can be controlled differently from each other.
- the continuous rotary kiln reactor 20 raises the temperature of the continuous rotary kiln reactor 20 to increase the temperature of the continuous rotary kiln reactor ( 20)
- the experimental conditions may include the number of zones in which the temperature is raised, the rate of heating of the temperature zones, the set temperature of each temperature zone, the temperature of the inert gas, the supply amount of waste solids, and the like.
- the longitudinal direction of the main body 21 means the longest distance from one end of the main body 21 to the other end, and is horizontal to the moving direction of the waste solids, or in the waste solid supply unit 22. It may refer to a direction toward the sample discharge unit 25 .
- the first temperature range closest to the waste solid supply unit 22 preferably has a set temperature of 200°C or less.
- the set temperature of the first temperature section among the temperature sections exceeds 200° C., toxic substances in the waste solids are rapidly vaporized and discharged out of the continuous rotary furnace reactor 20, thereby reducing the efficiency of removing the waste solids.
- Each temperature section of the main body 21 has a maximum set temperature that can be raised, and therefore, it is preferable that the temperature section does not rise above the preset maximum temperature.
- the maximum set temperature of each temperature section may be less than the set temperature of the next section.
- the temperature of the waste solid may be increased to the thermal decomposition temperature by increasing the temperature at an average (or average temperature increase rate) of 5 ° C./min or less.
- the average temperature increase rate is a value calculated based on the temperature increase time during the entire temperature increase time.
- the zone closest to the waste solid supply unit 22 is the first zone, and the number of zones increases toward the sample discharge unit 25. there is.
- the set temperature of each zone is 200 ° C for the first zone, 250 ° C for the second zone, 300 ° C for the third zone, 350 ° C for the fourth zone, 400 ° C for the fifth zone, and 450 ° C for the sixth zone.
- the heating rate can be adjusted to an average of 5°C/min.
- the continuous rotary furnace reactor 20 may raise the temperature of the first to sixth zones of the main body 21 to a set temperature before the waste solid is supplied. While the waste solids move from the first zone to the second zone, the temperature of the waste solids can be raised to 200 ° C, and the waste solids can be heated from 200 ° C to 250 ° C while moving from the second zone to the third zone. there is.
- waste solids may be discharged to the sample discharge unit 25 via the third to sixth zones.
- the main body 21 may include a temperature raising section and a temperature maintaining section along the length direction.
- Each of the temperature raising section and the temperature maintaining section may include one or more zones, and the temperature raising section preferably includes 6 or more temperature sections.
- the temperature increase section may be heated up to the pyrolysis temperature at a rate of 5 ° C./min or less from the waste solid supply unit 22 to the sample discharge unit 25, and the temperature maintenance section may maintain the elevated pyrolysis temperature through the temperature increase section. there is. And, the temperature maintaining section may be maintained at a temperature of 400 ° C to 600 ° C for 240 minutes or less.
- the holding time of the temperature holding section exceeds 240 minutes, the effect of increasing the efficiency of removing waste solids toxin is insignificant compared to the increase in the amount of energy used to maintain the temperature of the temperature holding section.
- the set temperature of each zone is 200 ° C for the first zone, 250 ° C for the second zone, and 300 ° C for the third zone.
- the fourth zone may be adjusted to 350 ° C, the fifth zone to 400 ° C, and the sixth zone to 400 ° C, and the heating rate may be an average of 5 ° C / min.
- the temperature increase rate of the temperature increasing section exceeds an average of 5 ° C./min
- the toxic substance contained in the waste solid evaporates before decomposition A problem may occur, and the detoxification efficiency of waste solids may decrease.
- the main body 21 is characterized in that the diameter (d) and length (L) ratio is 1:8 to 1:20.
- the ratio of the diameter and length of the main body 21 is less than 1:8, the length of the available internal product space of the main body 21 is short, so that the waste solids supplied are accumulated in the direction of the width of the main body 21, and heat is stored inside the waste solid particles Problems that cannot be penetrated may occur. If heat is not transferred to the inside of the particulate waste solid, the harmful compounds contained in the waste solid cannot be completely decomposed. In addition, the period in which the temperature increases is shortened and the thermal decomposition time of the waste solids is also reduced, so that the waste solids cannot be sufficiently decomposed.
- the ratio of the diameter and length of the main body 21 exceeds 1:20, the internal area of the main body 21, which must be heated up to the thermal decomposition temperature, increases, and the increase in thermal decomposition efficiency is insignificant compared to the input energy, which is not economical.
- the length of the main body 21 means the longest length in the axial direction of the main body 21, and the diameter of the main body 21 means the longest length in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the main body 21. do.
- the main body 21 is rotatable, and as the main body 21 rotates, the waste solids can continuously move from the waste solid supply unit 22 to the sample discharge unit 25, and an effect of increasing the heat transfer rate into the waste solids occurs.
- waste solids may be moved from the disintegration device 10 to the waste solid supply unit 22 by gravity.
- the waste solid may be continuously moved from the waste solid supply unit 22 to the reactor 20 in a continuous rotary furnace by the moving unit 22b.
- the waste solids are continuously moved from the waste solid supply unit 22 to the sample discharge unit 25 by the rotation of the main body 21 in the continuous rotary furnace reactor 20, and thus the waste solids are disintegrated into the disintegrator 10 ), it can move continuously until the harmless sample is discharged.
- the continuous rotary furnace reactor 20 may take 30 minutes or more and 10 hours or less until the waste solid is supplied from the waste solid supply unit 22 and discharged to the sample discharge unit 25. That is, the waste solid may be thermally decomposed for 30 minutes or more and 10 hours or less.
- waste solids are thermally decomposed within the range of the thermal decomposition time, toxic compounds contained in the waste solids can be efficiently removed by dechlorination or thermal destruction.
- the main body may further include a rotation module (not shown) having wings on an outer circumferential surface of the rotation body.
- the rotating module may increase the heat transfer rate into the waste solid by flowing the waste solid by rotation, and move the waste solid from the waste solid supply unit 22 toward the by-product gas discharge unit 24 .
- a plurality of heating units 26 may be provided, preferably equal to the number of temperature zones.
- the heating unit 26 may have a set temperature, a heating rate, etc. adjusted according to a preset temperature profile for each temperature range, and the toxic waste treatment device 100 according to the present invention adjusts the heating unit 26
- a control unit (not shown) may be further included.
- the heating unit 26 may raise and maintain the temperature of each temperature section to a set temperature.
- the toxic waste treatment device 100 may further include a temperature measuring sensor (not shown).
- the temperature measuring sensor measures internal temperatures of the temperature sections, and may transmit temperature data of the temperature sections to the controller.
- the heating unit 26 adjusts the temperature of the temperature ranges to a set temperature through the control unit based on the temperature data of the temperature ranges measured by the temperature measuring sensor, raises the temperature of the temperature ranges according to the heating rate set in the control unit, and It can be controlled so that the temperature is not raised above the maximum temperature of each temperature range set in.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an apparatus 100' for treating toxic waste according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- the toxic waste treatment device 100' includes a disintegration device 10, a continuous rotary kiln reactor 20, a cooling device 30, a condensation scrubber 40, and an activated carbon filter 50.
- the disintegration device 10, the continuous rotary furnace reactor 20, and the cooling device 30 have the same configuration as the toxic waste treatment device 100 according to an embodiment, and detailed descriptions thereof will be omitted.
- the cooling device 30 receives and cools the detoxified sample discharged from the sample outlet 25 of the continuous rotary furnace reactor 20 .
- the cooling device 30 can cool the harmless sample to 100°C or less. If the detoxified sample exceeds 100 ° C, a problem may arise in that undecomposed toxicity is re-synthesized using the energy required for re-synthesis.
- the harmless sample may be moved from the sample outlet 25 to the cooling device 30 by gravity.
- waste solids and harmless samples may continuously move from the disintegrator 10 to the cooling device 30.
- the condensation scrubber 40 is configured to remove some toxic components contained in the by-product gas generated in the continuous rotary furnace reactor 20, and at least one of a condensing unit condensing the by-product gas and a washing unit cleaning the by-product gas.
- a condensing unit condensing the by-product gas and a washing unit cleaning the by-product gas can include
- the condensation scrubber 40 can liquefy the by-product gas and toxic components contained in the by-product gas, and thus, a liquid product produced by liquefying the by-product gas can be supplied to the pretreatment device again.
- the condensation unit is configured to first liquefy the by-product gas, and while the by-product gas moves from the continuous rotary furnace reactor 20 to the cleaning unit, the temperature of the by-product gas is reduced or the internal pressure of the passage through which the by-product gas is moved is increased. It can be liquefied.
- the condenser may reduce the temperature of the by-product gas by injecting cooling water or cooling gas into the passage.
- the condenser may be provided in the form of a jacket in which cooling water or cooling gas surrounds an outer circumferential surface of the passage.
- the cleaning unit collects toxic components included in the liquid product obtained by liquefying the by-product gas, and a gas from which the toxic components are removed may be generated.
- the cleaning unit may include one or more cleaning liquids in the form of an aqueous solution.
- the cleaning solution in the form of an aqueous solution may include toluene, a basic material (eg, sodium hydroxide (NaOH)), and the like.
- the toluene washing liquid can capture organic compounds contained in the liquid product, and the basic washing liquid can capture acidic components.
- the toxic waste treatment devices 100 and 100' may further include a filter (not shown).
- the liquid product may react with the cleaning liquid to produce a gas from which toxic components are removed.
- the filter may remove harmful compounds included in by-product gas discharged from the continuous rotary furnace reactor 20 or gas discharged from the condensation scrubber 40 . Therefore, the filter may be provided in at least one of the by-product gas discharge unit 24 through which the by-product gas is discharged from the continuous rotary furnace reactor 20 and the path through which the gas generated in the cleaning unit of the condensation scrubber 40 is discharged.
- by-product gas may be supplied to the condensing unit or the cleaning unit through a filter.
- sample amount 10 g, moisture content: 31 wt% was placed in an electric furnace, and N 2 was added (0.2 LPM) to create an oxygen-free atmosphere.
- the total toxicity removal rate was 88%
- the residual toxicity concentration was 68 pg I-TEQ / g
- the average degree of chlorine substitution of toxic components (PCDF, PCDD) discharged as by-product gas was 5.7. .
- the total toxicity removal rate was 89 wt%
- the residual toxicity concentration was 1,433 pg I-TEQ/g
- the average degree of chlorine substitution of toxic components (PCDF, PCDD) discharged as by-product gas was 7.7.
- Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 reaction conditions 400°C, 2 hours 400°C, 2 hours 500°C, 1 hour 400°C, 2 hours 500°C, 5 hours Average heating rate (°C/min) 2.2 2.2 1.0 5.8 10 atmosphere N 2 Air N 2 N 2 N 2 Toxic removal rate (%) 88 89 91 32 -28.9 Waste solid residual toxic concentration (pg I-TEQ/g) 65 1,433 47 1,062 41 Gas phase emission toxicity Average chlorine substitution 5.7 7.7 5.5 6.2 6.5
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Abstract
Description
독성 성분 | 독성등가 환산계수 (I-TEF) |
독성 등가 환산 농도 (pg I-TEQ/g) |
질량기준 농도 (pg/g) |
|
PCDD | 2,3,7,8-TCDD | 1 | 0 | 0 |
1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD | 0.5 | 0 | 0 | |
1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | |
1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | |
1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | |
1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD | 0.01 | 42.76 | 4276 | |
OCDD | 0.001 | 122.8 | 122800 | |
Total PCDD | 165.56 | 127076 | ||
PCDF | 2,3,7,8-TCDF | 0.1 | 57.91 | 579.1 |
1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF | 0.05 | 181.81 | 3636.2 | |
2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF | 0.5 | 1607.2 | 3214.4 | |
1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF | 0.1 | 1568.57 | 15685.7 | |
1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF | 0.1 | 1105.71 | 11057.1 | |
1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDF | 0.1 | 834.35 | 8343.5 | |
2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF | 0.1 | 2741.62 | 27416.2 | |
1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF | 0.01 | 9578.84 | 957884 | |
1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HpCDF | 0.01 | 1796.88 | 179688 | |
OCDF | 0.001 | 76716.4 | 76716400 | |
Total PCDF | 96189.29 | 77923904.2 | ||
Total PCDD/PCDF | 96354.85 | 78050980.2 |
(ppm) | |
Na | 6,900 |
Mg | 18,900 |
Al | 53,000 |
Ca | 104,000 |
Cr | 370 |
Cu | 2,730 |
Fe | 135,000 |
Si | 350 |
Mn | 990 |
Ni | 310 |
Zn | - |
P | <10 |
Cl | 20,000 |
S | 10 |
폐고체 잔류독성 | ||||
독성 성분 | 독성등가 환산계수 (I-TEF) |
독성 등가 환산 농도 (pg I-TEQ/g) |
질량기준 농도 (pg/g) | |
N2 | N2 | |||
PCDD | 2,3,7,8-TCDD | 1 | 0 | 0 |
1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD | 0.5 | 0 | 0 | |
1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD | 0.1 | 3 | 33 | |
1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | |
1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | |
1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | |
OCDD | 0.001 | 0 | 90 | |
Total PCDD | 3 | 123 | ||
PCDF | 2,3,7,8-TCDF | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF | 0.05 | 0 | 0 | |
2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF | 0.5 | 24 | 49 | |
1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF | 0.1 | 9 | 92 | |
1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF | 0.1 | 12 | 121 | |
1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDF | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | |
2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF | 0.1 | 11 | 106 | |
1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF | 0.01 | 6 | 550 | |
1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HpCDF | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | |
OCDF | 0.001 | 3 | 3,100 | |
Total PCDF | 65 | 4,018 | ||
Total PCDD/PCDF | 68 | 4,141 |
기상 배출독성 | ||||
독성 성분 | 독성등가 환산계수 (I-TEF) |
독성 등가 환산 농도 (pg I-TEQ/g) |
질량기준 농도 (pg/g) |
|
N2 | N2 | |||
PCDD | 2,3,7,8-TCDD | 1 | 113 | 113 |
1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD | 0.5 | 0 | 0 | |
1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD | 0.1 | 2 | 20 | |
1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD | 0.1 | 1 | 14 | |
1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | |
1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD | 0.01 | 1 | 52 | |
OCDD | 0.001 | 0 | 60 | |
Total PCDD | 117 | 259 | ||
PCDF | 2,3,7,8-TCDF | 0.1 | 2,669 | 26,689 |
1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF | 0.05 | 1,126 | 22,530 | |
2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF | 0.5 | 4,659 | 9,318 | |
1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF | 0.1 | 953 | 9,533 | |
1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF | 0.1 | 1,425 | 14,249 | |
1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDF | 0.1 | 45 | 450 | |
2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF | 0.1 | 563 | 5,626 | |
1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF | 0.01 | 332 | 33,206 | |
1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HpCDF | 0.01 | 12 | 1,246 | |
OCDF | 0.001 | 8 | 8,470 | |
Total PCDF | 11,793 | 131,316 | ||
Total PCDD/PCDF | 11,910 | 131,575 |
폐고체 잔류독성 | ||||
독성 성분 | 독성등가 환산계수 (I-TEF) |
독성 등가 환산 농도 (pg I-TEQ/g) |
질량기준 농도 (pg/g) | |
Air | Air | |||
PCDD | 2,3,7,8-TCDD | 1 | 0 | 0 |
1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD | 0.5 | 0 | 0 | |
1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD | 0.1 | 11 | 108 | |
1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD | 0.1 | 11 | 109 | |
1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD | 0.1 | 10 | 97 | |
1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD | 0.01 | 7 | 666 | |
OCDD | 0.001 | 2 | 1,500 | |
Total PCDD | 40 | 2,480 | ||
PCDF | 2,3,7,8-TCDF | 0.1 | 6 | 65 |
1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF | 0.05 | 17 | 339 | |
2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF | 0.5 | 219 | 439 | |
1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF | 0.1 | 128 | 1,277 | |
1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF | 0.1 | 120 | 1,198 | |
1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDF | 0.1 | 39 | 390 | |
2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF | 0.1 | 436 | 4,356 | |
1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF | 0.01 | 273 | 27,336 | |
1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HpCDF | 0.01 | 39 | 3,850 | |
OCDF | 0.001 | 117 | 117,100 | |
Total PCDF | 1,394 | 156,348 | ||
Total PCDD/PCDF | 1,433 | 158,828 |
기상 배출독성 | ||||
독성 성분 | 독성등가 환산계수 (I-TEF) |
독성 등가 환산 농도 (pg I-TEQ/g) |
질량기준 농도 (pg/g) |
|
Air | Air | |||
PCDD | 2,3,7,8-TCDD | 1 | 0 | 0 |
1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD | 0.5 | 0 | 0 | |
1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD | 0.1 | 3 | 35 | |
1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | |
1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD | 0.1 | 2 | 18 | |
1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD | 0.01 | 2 | 233 | |
OCDD | 0.001 | 2 | 1,940 | |
Total PCDD | 10 | 2,225 | ||
PCDF | 2,3,7,8-TCDF | 0.1 | 125 | 1,253 |
1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF | 0.05 | 144 | 2,886 | |
2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF | 0.5 | 1,432 | 2,864 | |
1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF | 0.1 | 684 | 6,836 | |
1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF | 0.1 | 745 | 7,451 | |
1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDF | 0.1 | 107 | 1,066 | |
2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF | 0.1 | 3,644 | 36,440 | |
1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF | 0.01 | 1,859 | 185,901 | |
1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HpCDF | 0.01 | 166 | 16,581 | |
OCDF | 0.001 | 755 | 755,120 | |
Total PCDF | 9,661 | 1,016,398 | ||
Total PCDD/PCDF | 9,670 | 1,018,624 |
실시예 1 | 실시예 2 | 실시예 3 | 비교예 1 | 비교예 2 | |
반응조건 | 400℃, 2시간 | 400℃, 2시간 | 500℃, 1시간 | 400℃, 2시간 | 500℃, 5시간 |
평균 승온속도 (℃/min) |
2.2 | 2.2 | 1.0 | 5.8 | 10 |
분위기 | N2 | Air | N2 | N2 | N2 |
독성제거율(%) | 88 | 89 | 91 | 32 | -28.9 |
폐고체 잔류독성농도 (pg I-TEQ/g) |
65 | 1,433 | 47 | 1,062 | 41 |
기상배출독성 평균염소치환도 | 5.7 | 7.7 | 5.5 | 6.2 | 6.5 |
Claims (33)
- 독성 폐고체를 300 ℃ 내지 600 ℃에서 선택되는 열처리 온도까지 평균 5 ℃/min 이하의 승온 속도로 승온하는 승온 단계; 및상기 독성 폐고체를 상기 열처리 온도에서 열처리하는 열처리 단계를 포함하는 독성 폐기물의 처리 공정.
- 독성 폐고체를 300 ℃ 내지 600 ℃에서 선택되는 열처리 온도까지 승온시키되, 상기 독성 폐고체의 온도가 200 ℃ 이상일 때 승온 속도를 평균 5 ℃/min 이하로 조절하는 승온 단계; 및상기 독성 폐고체를 상기 열처리 온도에서 열처리하는 열처리 단계를 포함하는 독성 폐기물의 처리 공정.
- 청구항 1 또는 2에 있어서, 상기 승온 단계에서 상기 열처리 단계까지 6 구역 이상의 온도 구간으로 나누어 상기 독성 폐고체에 열을 공급하는 것인 독성 폐기물의 처리 공정.
- 청구항 1 또는 2에 있어서, 상기 승온 속도가 평균 1 ℃/min 내지 2.5 ℃/min인 것인 독성 폐기물의 처리 공정.
- 청구항 1 또는 2에 있어서, 상기 승온 단계 전에, 상기 독성 폐고체를 200 ℃ 또는 그 이하에서 수행하는 열처리 단계를 더 포함하는 독성 폐기물의 처리 공정.
- 청구항 1 또는 2에 있어서, 상기 독성 폐고체는 함수율 1 wt% 이하의 건조 시료 기준 독성 농도가 10,000-200,000 pg I-TEQ/g 인 것인 독성 폐기물의 처리 공정.
- 청구항 1 또는 2에 있어서, 상기 독성 폐고체에 포함되어 있는 독성 PCDF(polychlorinated dibenzofuran) 및 PCDD(polychlorinated dibenzodioxin) 중 OCDF(octachlorinated dibenzofuran) 및 OCDD(octachlorinated dibenzodioxin)의 함량이 90 wt% 이상인 것인 독성 폐기물의 처리 공정.
- 청구항 1 또는 2에 있어서, 상기 승온 단계 전에 독성 폐수에 응집제를 투입하고, 부상조에서 고체와 액체를 분리하고 탈수 단계를 거쳐 독성 폐고체를 형성하는 단계를 더 포함하는 독성 폐기물의 처리 공정.
- 청구항 8에 있어서, 상기 독성 폐고체를 형성한 후 탈수 단계, 입도 또는 성분 조절 단계, 해쇄 또는 파쇄 단계 및 건조 단계 중 적어도 하나의 단계를 더 포함하는 것인 독성 폐기물의 처리 공정.
- 청구항 8에 있어서, 상기 탈수 단계에서 발생하는 탈수 여액을 상기 부상조 또는 독성 폐수 처리 공정의 앞단부에 재투입하는 단계를 더 포함하는 독성 폐기물의 처리 공정.
- 청구항 9에 있어서, 상기 입도 또는 성분 조절 단계는 응집 또는 부상 공정에 의하여 수행되는 것인 독성 폐기물의 처리 공정.
- 청구항 1 또는 2에 있어서, 상기 열처리 단계는 30분 이상 10시간 이하의 시간 동안 수행되는 것인 독성 폐기물의 처리 공정.
- 청구항 1 또는 2에 있어서, 상기 300 ℃ 내지 600 ℃에서 선택되는 열처리 온도에서의 열처리 단계 후의 독성 폐고체 중의 잔류 독성이 3,000 pg I-TEQ/g 이하인 것인 독성 폐기물의 처리 공정.
- 청구항 1 또는 2에 있어서, 상기 열처리 단계에서 발생하는 부생가스로부터 독성 성분을 제거하는 단계를 더 포함하는 독성 폐기물의 처리 공정.
- 청구항 14에 있어서, 상기 부생가스로부터 독성 성분을 제거하는 단계는 고온 소각 단계, 액화 후 리턴하여 고온 소각하는 단계, 스크러빙 또는 액화 후 폐수처리장 재투입 단계, 집진하는 단계 및 촉매 분해하는 단계 중에서 선택되는 단계를 포함하는 것인 독성 폐기물의 처리 공정.
- 청구항 1 또는 2에 있어서, 상기 승온 단계에 투입되는 독성 폐고체의 함수율은 0 wt% 초과 90 wt% 이하이고, pH가 5 내지 10인 것인 독성 폐기물의 처리 공정.
- 청구항 1 또는 2에 있어서, 상기 열처리 단계는 질소 분위기 또는 산소의 농도가 21 vol% 이하인 분위기 하에서 수행되는 것인 독성 폐기물의 처리 공정.
- 청구항 1 또는 2에 있어서, 상기 독성 폐고체는 석유화학공정 부산물로 발생되는 폐수슬러지인 것인 독성 폐기물의 처리 공정.
- 청구항 1 또는 2에 있어서, 상기 열처리 단계에서 발생하는 부생가스에 포함된 독성 PCDF의 평균 염소 치환도가 4 내지 8인 것인 독성 폐기물의 처리 공정.
- 청구항 1 또는 2에 있어서, 상기 독성 폐고체는 함수율 1 wt% 이하의 건조 시료 기준 Cu의 함량이 0 ppm 내지 10,000 ppm이고, Cl의 함량이 0 ppm 내지 100,000 ppm인 것인 독성 폐기물의 처리 공정.
- 연속식 회전로 반응기를 포함하는 독성 폐기물의 처리 장치에 있어서,상기 연속식 회전로 반응기는폐고체를 열분해하여 부생가스 및 무해화 시료를 생성하는 본체;상기 폐고체를 상기 연속식 회전로 반응기 내부로 공급하는 폐고체 공급부;상기 본체로부터 상기 무해화 시료를 배출하는 시료 배출구 및상기 본체에 열을 공급하는 복수개의 가열부를 포함하고,상기 가열부는 상기 폐고체 공급부로부터 상기 시료 배출구 방향으로 상기 폐고체를 300 ℃ 내지 600 ℃에서 선택되는 열처리 온도까지 평균 5 ℃/min 이하의 승온 속도로 승온시키는 것인 독성 폐기물의 처리 장치.
- 연속식 회전로 반응기를 포함하는 독성 폐기물의 처리 장치에 있어서,상기 연속식 회전로 반응기는폐고체를 열분해하여 부생가스 및 무해화 시료를 생성하는 본체;상기 폐고체를 상기 연속식 회전로 반응기 내부로 공급하는 폐고체 공급부;상기 본체로부터 상기 무해화 시료를 배출하는 시료 배출구 및상기 본체에 열을 공급하는 복수개의 가열부를 포함하고,상기 가열부는 상기 폐고체 공급부로부터 상기 시료 배출구 방향으로 상기 300 ℃ 내지 600 ℃에서 선택되는 열처리 온도까지 승온시키되, 상기 폐고체의 온도가 200 ℃ 이상일 때 승온 속도를 평균 5 ℃/min 이하로 조절하여 승온시키는 것인 독성 폐기물의 처리 장치.
- 청구항 21 또는 22에 있어서, 상기 본체는 상기 폐고체 공급부로부터 상기 시료 배출구 방향으로 6 구역 이상의 온도 구간들을 포함하고, 상기 가열부는 상기 온도 구간들 각각에 열을 공급하는 독성 폐기물의 처리 장치.
- 청구항 23에 있어서, 상기 온도 구간들은 상기 본체의 길이 방향을 따라 평균 5℃/min 이하의 속도로 상기 폐고체를 승온시키는 것인 독성 폐기물의 처리 장치.
- 청구항 23에 있어서, 상기 온도 구간들 중 상기 폐고체 공급부에 가장 인접한 첫번째 온도 구간은 설정 온도가 200℃이하인 것인 독성 폐기물의 처리 장치.
- 청구항 23에 있어서, 상기 온도 구간들은 상기 폐고체 공급부에서 상기 시료 배출부까지 평균 5℃/min 이하의 속도로 열분해 온도까지 승온되는 승온 구간 및 상기 승온 구간 이후 열분해 온도가 유지되는 온도유지 구간을 포함하는 독성 폐기물의 처리 장치.
- 청구항 21 또는 22에 있어서, 상기 본체의 직경(d)과 길이(L)의 비율이 1:8 내지 1:20인 것인 독성 폐기물의 처리 장치.
- 청구항 21 또는 22에 있어서, 상기 연속식 회전로 반응기에 상기 폐고체를 공급하기 전 상기 폐고체를 입자화하는 해쇄 장치를 더 포함하는 독성 폐기물의 처리 장치.
- 청구항 28에 있어서, 상기 해쇄 장치는 2개 이상의 스크류가 이격되어 구비되는 독성 폐기물의 처리 장치.
- 청구항 29에 있어서, 상기 해쇄 장치는 상기 스크류 간격이 50 mm 내지 200mm이고, 회전수가 120 RPM 이하인 것인 독성 폐기물의 처리 장치.
- 청구항 21 또는 22에 있어서, 상기 부생가스를 응축하는 응축부 및 상기 부생가스를 세정하는 세정부 중 어느 하나 이상을 포함하는 응축세정기를 포함하는 독성 폐기물의 처리 장치.
- 청구항 21 또는 22에 있어서, 상기 시료 배출구로부터 상기 무해화 시료를 공급받아 냉각시키는 냉각 장치를 더 포함하는 독성 폐기물의 처리 장치.
- 청구항 23에 있어서, 상기 온도 구간들의 온도를 측정하는 온도 측정센서를 더 포함하는 독성 폐기물의 처리 장치.
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JPH11248117A (ja) * | 1998-03-03 | 1999-09-14 | Meidensha Corp | 有害成分含有物の処理方法と処理装置 |
KR20040064460A (ko) * | 2003-01-13 | 2004-07-19 | 주식회사 엔솔 | 액체추진기관을 이용한 액상폐기물 처리방법 및 그 장치 |
JP2008272566A (ja) * | 2006-11-29 | 2008-11-13 | Clay Baan Gijutsu Kenkyusho:Kk | アスベスト含有資源の無害化熱処理方法,アスベスト含有成形物資源の無害化熱処理方法,アスベスト無害化熱処理物を用いた水硬性組成物。 |
JP2009136812A (ja) * | 2007-12-07 | 2009-06-25 | Etsuro Sakagami | 有害物質を含む焼却灰や土壌等の再生浄化処理方法 |
KR20170018134A (ko) * | 2015-08-05 | 2017-02-16 | 주식회사 에스이씨 | 폐열경화성 수지를 이용한 카본블랙 제조방법 |
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KR101395750B1 (ko) | 2011-11-15 | 2014-05-27 | 주식회사 세종플랜트 | 다이옥신 처리방법 및 그 처리 설비 구조 |
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Patent Citations (5)
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JPH11248117A (ja) * | 1998-03-03 | 1999-09-14 | Meidensha Corp | 有害成分含有物の処理方法と処理装置 |
KR20040064460A (ko) * | 2003-01-13 | 2004-07-19 | 주식회사 엔솔 | 액체추진기관을 이용한 액상폐기물 처리방법 및 그 장치 |
JP2008272566A (ja) * | 2006-11-29 | 2008-11-13 | Clay Baan Gijutsu Kenkyusho:Kk | アスベスト含有資源の無害化熱処理方法,アスベスト含有成形物資源の無害化熱処理方法,アスベスト無害化熱処理物を用いた水硬性組成物。 |
JP2009136812A (ja) * | 2007-12-07 | 2009-06-25 | Etsuro Sakagami | 有害物質を含む焼却灰や土壌等の再生浄化処理方法 |
KR20170018134A (ko) * | 2015-08-05 | 2017-02-16 | 주식회사 에스이씨 | 폐열경화성 수지를 이용한 카본블랙 제조방법 |
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