WO2023042250A1 - 避雷器監視装置およびそれを備えた鉄道車両 - Google Patents
避雷器監視装置およびそれを備えた鉄道車両 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023042250A1 WO2023042250A1 PCT/JP2021/033698 JP2021033698W WO2023042250A1 WO 2023042250 A1 WO2023042250 A1 WO 2023042250A1 JP 2021033698 W JP2021033698 W JP 2021033698W WO 2023042250 A1 WO2023042250 A1 WO 2023042250A1
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- lightning arrester
- deterioration
- current
- monitoring device
- signal
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- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 title claims description 44
- 238000013500 data storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 claims description 102
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 abstract 3
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a lightning arrester monitoring device and a railway vehicle equipped with the same.
- This lightning arrester leakage current detection device As a prior art related to this type of lightning arrester, there is a leakage current detection device for a lightning arrester installed at a substation (for example, see Patent Document 1).
- This lightning arrester leakage current detection device has a total leakage current measuring section and a total leakage current storage section. Further, it has a high-order harmonic elimination unit for the total leakage current, a total leakage current waveform adjustment unit, a total leakage current difference detection unit, and a resistance component current detection unit for the total leakage current. A current is obtained, and deterioration of the lightning arrester can be detected at an early stage based on the obtained resistive current.
- the lightning arrester installed in the railroad vehicle diverts the large current to the vehicle body so that it does not flow to the main circuit.
- a lightning arrester may deteriorate more than expected even within a predetermined specified period.
- the leakage current flowing from the arrester to the vehicle body increases and the amount of power transmitted to the main circuit decreases.
- the prior art described above relates to a lightning arrester installed at a substation or the like, and measures the total leakage current of the lightning arrester at a predetermined time to monitor deterioration of the lightning arrester. Therefore, it cannot be applied to deterioration monitoring of lightning arresters installed in railway vehicles that are operated at different times depending on the operation schedule or the like.
- one aspect of the present disclosure aims to provide a lightning arrester monitoring device capable of monitoring deterioration of a lightning arrester from a value of current flowing from the lightning arrester installed in the railroad vehicle to a vehicle body, and a railroad vehicle including the same. do.
- a lightning arrester monitoring device measures the value of current flowing from the lightning arrester to the grounding portion of the vehicle body in an electric circuit between the lightning arrester of the railway vehicle and the vehicle body of the railway vehicle.
- a galvanometer measures the current values measured by the galvanometer in chronological order as historical data, and a predetermined unit time from the time-series changes in the historical data recorded in the data storage device.
- a controller that determines that the lightning arrester has deteriorated and outputs a predetermined deterioration signal when the average value of the current values in the above exceeds a predetermined deterioration threshold.
- a lightning arrester monitoring device capable of monitoring the deterioration of the lightning arrester from the value of the current flowing from the lightning arrester installed in the railway vehicle to the vehicle body.
- FIG. 1 is a side view schematically showing a railway vehicle according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 2 is an overall view of a lightning arrester monitoring device provided in the railway vehicle shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram including the configuration of the lightning arrester monitoring device shown in FIG. Figure 4 shows changes in current and voltage when the current flowing from the arrester to the vehicle body measured by the galvanometer of the arrester monitoring device shown in Figure 3 is normal, and changes in current and voltage when the arrester fails.
- graph. 5 is a graph showing a first measurement example of current values measured by the galvanometer shown in FIG. 3 in chronological order.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing a second measurement example of current values measured by the galvanometer shown in FIG. 3 in chronological order.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing a first measurement example of current values measured by the galvanometer shown in FIG. 3 in chronological order.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing a second measurement example of current values measured by the galvanometer shown in FIG. 3 in
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing average current values per unit time in the second measurement example shown in FIG.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing an example of dividing the deterioration level of a lightning arrester by a plurality of deterioration thresholds.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing an example of setting a plurality of deterioration levels based on current values from changes in current and voltage shown in FIG.
- FIG. 10 is a first flow chart showing the operation of the lightning arrester monitoring device during operation of the railway vehicle.
- FIG. 11 is a second flow chart showing the operation of the lightning arrester monitoring device when the railroad vehicle is powered on.
- FIG. 12 is a third flow chart showing the operation of the lightning arrester monitoring device when the power source of the railway vehicle is stopped.
- FIG. 13 is a drawing showing an example of a "warning" display on the monitor screen shown in FIGS. 10 and 11.
- FIG. FIG. 14 is a drawing showing an example of "failure" display on the monitor screen shown in FIGS
- FIG. 1 is a side view schematically showing a railway vehicle 10 according to one embodiment.
- the railcar 10 of this embodiment shows an example of an 8-car train.
- a railway vehicle 10 is a set train in which a plurality of vehicles 1 to 8 are connected to each other.
- pantographs 11 are provided on the roofs of the cars 3 and 6 .
- the pantograph 11 is in contact with the overhead wire 100 with a constant pressure.
- the railcar 10 runs on rails 110 with wheels 12 .
- an eight-car train 10 is shown as an example, but the number of cars and the arrangement of pantographs and the like are not limited to this example.
- FIG. 2 is an overall view of the lightning arrester monitoring device 20 provided in the railcar 10 shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram including the configuration of the arrester monitoring device 20 shown in FIG.
- a current transformer (CT) 14 transforms a large current that flows from an overhead wire 100 to a power supply line 13 via a pantograph 11 into a small current.
- a circuit breaker (for example, a vacuum circuit breaker (VCB)) 15 is provided downstream of the current transformer 14 to disconnect the current transformer 14 from the main circuit 40 .
- a lightning arrester (Arrester) 16 is provided to flow temporary large currents such as lightning and surge currents to the vehicle body 19. As shown in FIG. The vehicle body 19 is designed to allow the current to escape to the rail 110 .
- a main circuit 40 is provided downstream of the lightning arrester 16 via a main circuit electric line 17 .
- the current from the pantograph 11 flows through the current transformer 14 and the circuit breaker 15 to the lightning arrester 16 and the main circuit 40 .
- the lightning arrester 16 releases the current from the vehicle body 19 to the rail 110 via the electric circuit 18 to protect the main circuit 40 .
- the current transformer 14, the circuit breaker 15 and the lightning arrester 16 can be those suitable for the railway vehicle 10. FIG.
- the railway vehicle 10 of this embodiment is equipped with a lightning arrester monitoring device 20 having a galvanometer 21 in the electric line 18 between the lightning arrester 16 and the vehicle body 19 .
- the galvanometer 21 measures the current value flowing from the lightning arrester 16 to the vehicle body 19 via the electric circuit 18 .
- a moving coil type can be used for the galvanometer 21, for example, a moving coil type can be used.
- the electric current flowing through the electric line 18 includes a leakage current flowing from the lightning arrester 16 to the vehicle body 19, a temporary large current due to lightning, a surge current flowing when the pantograph 11 is connected, and the like.
- the galvanometer 21 is electrically connected to the data memory 22 of the arrester monitoring device 20 .
- the current values measured by the galvanometer 21 are recorded in the data memory 22 in chronological order.
- the data storage device 22 may be configured integrally with the controller 23 .
- a device containing a recording medium such as a flash memory or a hard disk for recording the current value measured by the gal
- the lightning arrester monitoring device 20 measures the current flowing from the lightning arrester 16 to the vehicle body 19 on the electric circuit 18 with the galvanometer 21 .
- the current values measured by the galvanometer 21 are sent to the data memory 22 and stored in chronological order.
- Data memory 22 is electrically connected to controller 23 .
- the controller 23 includes a determiner 24 , and based on the determination result of the determiner 24 , a circuit breaker opening signal is output from the first output circuit 25 to the control circuit 27 of the railcar 10 as will be described later.
- the second output circuit 26 outputs a pantograph upward prohibition signal to the control circuit 27 of the railway vehicle 10 .
- the controller 23 has a decision device 24 including a processor, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, etc., an I/O interface, and the like.
- the signal input of the current value recorded in the data memory 22, the signal output from the first output circuit 25, the signal output from the second output circuit 26, and the signal output from the determiner 24 to the display 30 are connected to the I/O Realized by an interface.
- the determiner 24 is realized by the processor performing arithmetic processing using the volatile memory based on the program stored in the nonvolatile memory.
- a control signal for opening the circuit breaker 15 or prohibiting the pantograph 11 from rising is output to the control circuit 27 of the railway vehicle 10.
- a predetermined deterioration signal is output to a display device 30 such as a vehicle monitor to issue a warning.
- FIG. 4 shows changes in current and voltage when the current value flowing from the arrester 16 to the vehicle body 19 measured by the galvanometer 21 of the arrester monitoring device 20 shown in FIG. It is a graph which shows the change of a voltage.
- FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram showing both changes in voltage and current flowing from the arrester 16 to the vehicle body 19 when the arrester 16 is normal and when the arrester 16 fails.
- the horizontal axis indicates the current [A] and the vertical axis indicates the voltage [V].
- the lightning arrester 16 has a slight leakage current even in a normal state.
- the leakage current I1 of the arrester 16 gradually increases until it reaches the operation start voltage Vm, and when it reaches the operation start voltage Vm of the arrester 16, a large amount of current flows from the arrester 16 to the vehicle body 19 and the current value increases greatly.
- the current value at the operation start voltage Vm is the operation start current Im.
- the lightning arrester 16 has a leakage current I1 even in a normal state, and this leakage current I1 is small up to the operation start current Im, and increases greatly when it exceeds the operation start current Im.
- the leakage current I2 of the arrester 16 increases proportionally with the increase in voltage.
- This leakage current I2 linearly increases to the leakage current value In when the operation start voltage Vm is reached. Therefore, when the lightning arrester 16 fails, the leakage current Ia in the normal state becomes the leakage current Ib in the failure state, and becomes very large, so that the power cannot be sufficiently transmitted to the main circuit 40 .
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing a first measurement example of current values measured by the galvanometer 21 shown in FIG. 3 in chronological order.
- the horizontal axis indicates time [t] and the vertical axis indicates current [A].
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing a second measurement example of current values measured by the galvanometer 21 shown in FIG. 3 in chronological order.
- the horizontal axis indicates time [t]
- the vertical axis indicates leakage current [A].
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing average current values per unit time in the second measurement example shown in FIG. In FIG. 7, the horizontal axis indicates time [t], and the vertical axis indicates the leakage current average value I[A].
- a first measurement example shown in FIG. 5 schematically shows an example in which a large current of lightning or a surge current at the time of rising pantograph flows through the lightning arrestor 16 to the vehicle body 19 .
- An overcurrent threshold Is is set in advance for the large current flowing from the lightning arrester 16 to the vehicle body 19 and is stored in the controller 23 .
- the overcurrent threshold Is is set to a value larger than the operation start current Im of the lightning arrester 16 and an overcurrent value that affects the life of the lightning arrester 16 .
- the current value change pattern falling below the overcurrent threshold Is was recorded three times (Is 1 , Is 2 , Is 3 ).
- the controller 23 determines whether or not the number of occurrences of the current value change pattern in which the current value drops below the overcurrent threshold value Is after exceeding the overcurrent threshold value value Is exceeds a predetermined number of times. As a result of determination, if the predetermined number of times is exceeded, it is determined that the lightning arrester 16 has deteriorated.
- the predetermined number of times can be determined based on the size of the arrester 16, for example.
- a second measurement example shown in FIG. 6 schematically shows an example in which the leakage current I1 flowing through the vehicle body 19 via the arrester 16 increases due to deterioration of the arrester 16 over time.
- a small leakage current I1 flows from the arrester 16 to the vehicle body 19 .
- This leakage current I1 gradually increases due to deterioration of the lightning arrester 16 or the like.
- the example of FIG. 6 shows an example in which the leakage current I1 flowing from the lightning arrester 16 to the vehicle body 19 changes and increases with the passage of time due to the operation of the railway vehicle 10 .
- Such a time series change of the leakage current I1 is, for example, the average value Ix per predetermined time from the leakage current I1 ( x1 ) at time x1 to the leakage current I1 ( x2 ) at time x2. can do.
- the average value Ix of the leakage current I1 per predetermined time shown in the graph of FIG. 6 can be used as the average leakage current value Ix( x2 ) on the time axis x2 .
- the average value Ix(x 2 ) of leakage current shown in FIG. 7 exceeds a predetermined deterioration threshold, it can be determined that the lightning arrester 16 is in a deteriorated state.
- the occurrence of deterioration of the lightning arrester 16 can be determined based on the average value Ix of the leakage current I1 immediately before the lightning arrester monitoring device 20 is turned off.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing an example of dividing the deterioration level of the lightning arrester 16 by a plurality of deterioration thresholds.
- the horizontal axis indicates time [t]
- the vertical axis indicates leakage current [A].
- FIG. 8 is a diagram in which the voltage that changes during operation of the railway vehicle 10 is kept constant.
- the leakage current I1 of the arrester 16 increases as the arrester 16 deteriorates over time. Then, when the leakage current I1 , which increases with deterioration of the lightning arrester 16, exceeds the first deterioration threshold D1 from the normal level E1 , it is determined that the first deterioration level E2 has been reached.
- the leakage current I1 exceeds the second deterioration threshold value D2 from the first deterioration level E2 , it is determined that the second deterioration level E3 has been reached.
- a "warning” is issued
- the second deterioration level E3 is reached, a "failure” is issued.
- the leakage current I1 shown in the figure is an example conceptually showing the leakage current I1 that increases as the lightning arrester 16 deteriorates with a constant voltage. , usage time of the lightning arrester, etc.), the slope and change of the leakage current I1 are not limited to the illustrated example.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing an example of setting a plurality of deterioration levels based on current values from changes in current and voltage shown in FIG.
- the horizontal axis indicates the current [A]
- the vertical axis indicates the voltage value [V].
- FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of a part of FIG. 4 and exaggerates the portion for setting the deterioration level.
- a plurality of deterioration levels of the lightning arrester 16 are set according to the leakage current value within the overhead line voltage range.
- the leakage current I1 when the lightning arrester 16 is normal increases little by little as the voltage rises, and when it reaches the operation start voltage Vm, it greatly increases from the operation start current Im.
- a first level determination line I10 approximated by a straight line is used as the line showing the change until the leakage current I1 reaches the operation start voltage Vm and the operation start current Im.
- the parallel movement is made up to the intersection O1 of the operation start voltage Vm and the operation start current Im.
- the current value of the first level determination line I10 is the deterioration threshold.
- the current value of the first level determination line I10 is the first deterioration threshold D1
- the value exceeding the first deterioration threshold D1 is the first deterioration level E2. It has become.
- the first level determination line I10 is obtained by approximating the normal leakage current I1 with a straight line and moving it to the operation start current Im at which the current value increases
- the current value of the first deterioration threshold D1 is a current value slightly exceeding the normal leakage current I1 .
- the first deterioration threshold value D1 is such that the current value increases as the voltage increases.
- the rate of increase of the first deterioration threshold D1 with an increase in voltage is the same as that of the leakage current I1 in the normal state.
- the intersection O2 between the lower limit of the overhead line voltage range and the first level judgment line I10 , the continuous use voltage Vn of the lightning arrester, and the start of operation is set as a second level determination line I20 .
- the overhead line voltage range is a range of overhead line voltage that changes during operation of the railcar 10 .
- the lightning arrester continuous use voltage Vn is a voltage (JIS E 5010) that can be continuously applied between both terminals of the lightning arrester 16 and is set according to the lightning arrester 16 .
- the current value of the second level determination line I20 is the second deterioration threshold D2
- the value exceeding the second deterioration threshold D2 is the second deterioration level E3 .
- the second deterioration threshold D2 is set so that the current value increases as the voltage increases.
- the rate of increase of the second deterioration threshold with an increase in voltage is greater than the rate of increase of the first deterioration threshold with an increase in voltage.
- the second deterioration threshold value D2 at the lower limit of the overhead wire voltage range is the current value at the intersection O2 between the first level determination line I10 and the lower limit of the overhead wire voltage range.
- I20 may intersect the lower limit of the catenary voltage range at a current value less than or greater than the intersection point O2 .
- the surge arrester monitoring device 20 determines whether or not the leakage current value measured by the galvanometer 21 exceeds the first deterioration threshold value D1 of the first level determination line I10 ; It is determined whether or not the first deterioration threshold value of the first level determination line I10 is exceeded and the second deterioration threshold value D2 of the second level determination line I20 is exceeded. These determinations are made within the catenary voltage range. In this embodiment, "no alarm”, “[warning] alarm”, and “[malfunction] alarm” are performed based on the determination result.
- the normal leakage current I1 range is defined as " No report was issued.”
- the intersection of the second level judgment line I20 and the lower limit of the overhead wire voltage range is set to a current value greater than the intersection O2 of the first level judgment line I10 and the lower limit of the overhead wire voltage range
- the lower limit of the overhead wire voltage range may also have the first deterioration level E2 at which "[warning] is issued".
- the intersection of the second level judgment line I20 and the lower limit of the overhead wire voltage range is set to a current value smaller than the intersection O2 , it is possible to issue a "failure" alarm with a smaller leakage current. .
- the deterioration state of the lightning arrester 16 is classified into a plurality of deterioration levels according to the magnitude of the leakage current I1 .
- the deterioration signal can be changed according to the deterioration level.
- replacement work of the lightning arrester 16 can be carried out systematically.
- FIG. 10 is a first flow chart showing the operation of the lightning arrester monitoring device 20 when the railcar 10 is in operation. Note that the following description uses the reference numerals for the configuration shown in FIG.
- the current flowing through the current transformer 14 is overcurrent (S1). If the current flowing through the current transformer 14 is overcurrent, the circuit breaker 15 is opened (S6) and the process ends. If the current flowing through the current transformer 14 is not overcurrent, it is determined whether or not the lightning arrester 16 is sound (S2). If the lightning arrester 16 is found to be sound in this judgment, the process ends. If it is determined in the determination (S2) that the lightning arrester 16 is not in a healthy state, it is determined whether the lightning arrester 16 is in a warning state (S3). This determination can be made based on, for example, the example of setting a plurality of deterioration levels shown in FIG.
- a "warning" display signal is output to the display 30 (S4). Thereafter, it is determined whether or not a circuit breaker opening command has been issued (S5). If the circuit breaker open command has not been issued, the process ends, and if the circuit breaker open command has been issued, the circuit breaker 15 is opened (S6) and the process ends. If the lightning arrester 16 is not in the warning state in the determination (S3), a display signal of "failure” is output to the display 30 (S7). If the lightning arrester 16 is out of order, the circuit breaker 15 is opened (S6) and the process ends.
- FIG. 11 is a second flow chart showing the operation of the lightning arrester monitoring device 20 when the railway vehicle 10 is powered on.
- the flow of the railcar 10 is described on the left, and the flow of the lightning arrester monitoring device 20 is described on the right.
- the reference numerals for the configuration shown in FIG. 3 are also used.
- the lightning arrester monitoring device 20 determines whether or not the arrester 16 is in a sound state (S12). If it is determined that the lightning arrester 16 is in a healthy state, permission to raise the pantograph is issued (S13). As a result, as for the lightning arrester 16, the pantograph 11 is permitted to rise. Then, the pantograph 11 is pressed against the overhead wire, and permission to close the circuit breaker is issued (S14). After that, it is determined whether or not the current entering the current transformer 14 is an overcurrent (S15). If the current entering current transformer 14 is not overcurrent, then terminate.
- the circuit breaker 15 is opened (S20) and the process ends. After the circuit breaker 15 is opened, the circuit breaker 15 is prohibited from closing, and even if the circuit breaker 15 is closed by mistake, the circuit breaker 15 will not be closed.
- the arrester 16 determines whether the arrester 16 is in a warning state (S16). If it is determined that the vehicle is in a warning state, a "warning" signal is output to the display 30 (S17). Also, it is determined whether or not the lightning arrester 16 can be replaced immediately (S18). If immediate replacement is not possible, permission to raise the pantograph (S13) and permission to close the circuit breaker 15 are issued (S14) as described above. Then, it is determined whether or not the current entering the current transformer 14 is overcurrent (S15). If the current entering current transformer 14 is not overcurrent, then terminate.
- the circuit breaker 15 is opened (S20) and the process ends. After the circuit breaker 15 is opened, the circuit breaker 15 is prohibited from closing, and even if the circuit breaker 15 is closed by mistake, the circuit breaker 15 will not be closed.
- a pantograph upward prohibition signal is output (S19), the circuit breaker 15 is opened (S20), and the process ends.
- the pantograph lift prohibition signal includes a signal that does not connect the pantograph lift control circuit included in the control circuit 27 of the railcar 10 .
- the opening of the breaker 15 includes a signal for breaking a circuit for circuit breaker closing control included in the control circuit 27 of the railcar 10 .
- a "failure" signal is output to the display 30 (S21). Then, a signal prohibiting the pantograph from rising is output (S19), the circuit breaker 15 is opened (S20), and the process ends. After the pantograph lift prohibition signal is issued, the pantograph 11 will not be lifted even if the pantograph 11 is erroneously lifted. Further, after the circuit breaker 15 is opened, the circuit breaker 15 is prohibited from closing, and even if the circuit breaker 15 is closed by mistake, the circuit breaker 15 will not be closed.
- the arrester monitoring device 20 determines whether the arrester 16 has deteriorated, and if the arrester 16 has deteriorated, issues a "warning” or “failure” notification. is made, and early replacement of the lightning arrester 16 becomes possible.
- FIG. 12 is a third flow chart showing the operation of the lightning arrester monitoring device 20 when the railcar 10 is powered off. In the third flowchart as well, the flow of the railcar 10 is described on the left, and the flow of the lightning arrester monitoring device 20 is described on the right.
- the lightning arrester monitoring device 20 records the state of the lightning arrester 16 before the power supply is stopped (S31). For example, as shown in FIG. 7, this lightning arrester state record can record the average value Ix per predetermined time from time x1 to time x2 as the leakage current average value Ix( x2 ) when the power supply is stopped. can. After that, the lightning arrestor monitoring device 20 is turned off (S32). In addition, the railcar 10 issues a lowering command to the pantograph 11 (S33), turns off the control power (S34), and ends the operation.
- the determination (S12) shown in FIG. This can be done based on the final leakage current average value Ix(x 2 ) when the lightning arrester 16 is powered off.
- the deterioration state of the arrester 16 may be determined and reported when the power supply of the arrester monitoring device 20 is stopped.
- a notification is issued at the end of operation of the railway vehicle 10, and if the notification requires replacement of the arrester 16, the arrester 16 can be replaced before the start of the next operation.
- the alarm can be used to confirm the state of the lightning arrester 16 before the operation.
- the warning can be displayed as "The lightning arrester is deteriorated. Please replace it at the next vehicle inspection" or "The lightning arrester is out of order. Please replace the lightning arrester.” Light can also be used for reporting.
- FIG. 13 is a drawing showing an example of a "warning" display on the monitor screen shown in FIGS. 10 and 11.
- FIG. 14 is a drawing showing an example of "failure” display on the monitor screen shown in FIGS. 10 and 11.
- FIG. This embodiment is an example of reporting the deterioration state of the lightning arrester 16 by monitor display.
- a display 30 that can be seen from the driver's seat can display "lightning arrester: failure: ## car" to indicate which car's lightning arrester 16 is out of order.
- This display can be, for example, a red display to call for more attention.
- the warning is issued using the display device 30 such as the vehicle monitor, but it is also possible to issue the alert by voice, using a warning light, or the like.
- the reporting method may be a combination of these, and is not limited to this embodiment.
- the arrester 16 can be replaced before the start of the next operation.
- the alarm can be used to confirm the state of the lightning arrester 16 before the operation.
- the warning can be, for example, a display such as "The lightning arrester has deteriorated. Please replace it at the next vehicle inspection" or "The lightning arrester is out of order. Please replace the lightning arrester.”
- a processor is considered a processing circuit or circuit because it includes transistors and other circuits.
- a circuit, unit, or means is hardware that performs or is programmed to perform the recited functions.
- the hardware may be the hardware disclosed herein, or other known hardware programmed or configured to perform the recited functions.
- a circuit, means or unit is a combination of hardware and software where the hardware is a processor which is considered a type of circuit, the software being used to configure the hardware and/or the processor.
- the current value flowing from the lightning arrester 16 to the vehicle body 19 through the electric circuit 18 is measured by the galvanometer 21, and the current value is stored in the data storage device 22 in chronological order. It can be recorded as data.
- the controller 23 determines that the lightning arrester 16 has deteriorated when the average value of the current values in a predetermined unit time exceeds a predetermined deterioration threshold based on the time-series changes in the history data recorded in the data storage unit 22, Output a predetermined deterioration signal. Therefore, it is possible to know from the deterioration signal that the lightning arrester of the railway vehicle 10 has deteriorated.
- the lightning arrester Deterioration may be determined.
- the deterioration signal may include a signal for displaying a warning on a display.
- the deterioration state of the lightning arrester can be displayed on the display device to inform the outside.
- the deterioration signal may include a signal for opening a circuit breaker interposed in the power supply line to the lightning arrester.
- the circuit breaker can be opened according to the deterioration state of the lightning arrester so that current does not flow to the lightning arrester.
- the deterioration signal may include a signal that prohibits the pantograph of the railway vehicle from rising.
- the state of deterioration is divided into a plurality of deterioration levels according to the degree of deterioration of the lightning arrester, and the controller determines that, among the plurality of deterioration levels, the time-series change in the history data corresponds to the state of deterioration.
- the deterioration signal may be changed according to the deterioration level.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、一実施形態に係る鉄道車両10を概略的に示した側面図である。この実施形態の鉄道車両10は、8両編成の例を示している。鉄道車両10は、複数の車両1乃至車両8が互いに連結されてなる編成列車である。この例の鉄道車両10では、車両3と車両6の屋根上にパンタグラフ11が設けられている。パンタグラフ11は、一定の圧力で架線100に接している。鉄道車両10は、車輪12でレール110の上を走行する。なお、本実施形態では、一例として8両編成の鉄道車両10を示しているが、両数およびパンタグラフ等の配置はこの例に限られない。
図2は、図1に示す鉄道車両10に備えられた避雷器監視装置20の全体図である。図3は、図2に示す避雷器監視装置20の構成を含むブロック図である。
図4は、図3に示す避雷器監視装置20の検流計21で計測する避雷器16から車体19へ流れる電流値が正常な時の電流・電圧の変化と、避雷器16が故障した時の電流・電圧の変化を示すグラフである。図4は概念図であり、避雷器16が正常なときと、避雷器16が故障したときの、避雷器16から車体19へ流れる電圧と電流の変化を両方示している。図4は、横軸に電流[A]を示し、縦軸に電圧[V]を示している。
図5は、図3に示す検流計21で計測する電流値の第1測定例を時系列で示すグラフである。図5は、横軸に時間[t]を示し、縦軸に電流[A]を示している。図6は、図3に示す検流計21で計測する電流値の第2測定例を時系列で示すグラフである。図6は、横軸に時間[t]を示し、縦軸に漏れ電流[A]を示している。図7は、図6に示す第2測定例の電流値を単位時間当りの平均値で示したグラフである。図7は、横軸に時間[t]を示し、縦軸に漏れ電流平均値I[A]を示している。
図8は、避雷器16の劣化レベルを複数の劣化閾値によって分ける一例を示すグラフである。図8は、横軸に時間[t]を示し、縦軸に漏れ電流[A]を示している。図8は、鉄道車両10の運行中に変化する電圧を一定とした場合の図である。避雷器16の漏れ電流I1は、時間の経過によって避雷器16が劣化すると増加する。そして、避雷器16の劣化に応じて増加する漏れ電流I1が、通常のレベルE1から第1劣化閾値D1を超えると第1劣化レベルE2に達したと判定される。また、漏れ電流I1が第1劣化レベルE2から第2劣化閾値D2を超えると第2劣化レベルE3に達したと判定される。そして、この実施形態では、第1劣化レベルE2に達すると「警告」の発報が行われ、第2劣化レベルE3に達すると「故障」の発報が行われる。なお、図示する漏れ電流I1は、電圧を一定とし、避雷器16の劣化に応じて増加する漏れ電流I1を概念的に示す一例であり、漏れ電流I1は種々の条件(例えば、電圧変化、避雷器の使用時間等)に応じて一様ではないため、漏れ電流I1の傾き、変化などは図示する例に限定されるものではない。
図9は、図4に示す電流・電圧の変化から電流値に基づいて複数の劣化レベルを設定する一例を示すグラフである。図9は、横軸に電流[A]を示し、縦軸に電圧値[V]を示している。図9は、図4の一部を拡大して、劣化レベルを設定する部分を誇張して記載している。この例は、架線電圧範囲内における漏れ電流の値によって避雷器16の劣化レベルを複数設定している。
図10は、鉄道車両10の運行時における避雷器監視装置20の動作を示す第1フローチャートである。なお、以下の説明は、図3に示す構成の符号を用いて説明する。
上記判定(S3)で避雷器16が警告状態ではない場合、表示器30に「故障」の表示信号が出力される(S7)。避雷器16が故障の場合は、遮断器15が開放されて(S6)、終了する。
図11は、鉄道車両10の電源起動時における避雷器監視装置20の動作を示す第2フローチャートである。このフローチャートは、鉄道車両10のフローを左に記載して避雷器監視装置20のフロー右に記載している。なお、以下の説明でも、図3に示す構成の符号を用いて説明する。
図12は、鉄道車両10の電源停止時における避雷器監視装置20の動作を示す第3フローチャートである。第3フローチャートも、鉄道車両10のフローを左に記載して避雷器監視装置20のフローを右に記載している。
図13は、図10および図11に示すモニタ画面の「警告」表示例を示す図面である。図14は、図10および図11に示すモニタ画面の「故障」表示例を示す図面である。この実施形態は、避雷器16の劣化状態をモニタ表示で発報する例である。
上記した実施形態では、8両編成の鉄道車両10を例に説明したが、鉄道車両10の両数、パンタグラフ11の数などは上記した実施形態に限定されるものではない。
11 パンタグラフ
12 車輪
13 給電路
14 変流器
15 遮断器
16 避雷器
17 電路
18 電路
19 車体
20 避雷器監視装置
21 検流計
22 データ記憶器
23 制御器
24 判定器
25 第1出力回路
26 第2出力回路
30 表示器
100 架線
110 レール
Claims (7)
- 鉄道車両の避雷器と当該鉄道車両の車体との間の電路で前記避雷器から前記車体に流れる電流値を計測する検流計と、
前記検流計で計測した前記電流値を時系列で履歴データとして記録するデータ記憶器と、
前記データ記憶器に記録された前記履歴データの時系列変化から、所定の単位時間での前記電流値の平均値が所定の劣化閾値を越えると前記避雷器が劣化したと判定し、所定の劣化信号を出力する制御器と、を備えている、避雷器監視装置。 - 前記制御器は、前記履歴データにおいて、前記電流値が所定の過電流閾値を越えた後に前記過電流閾値未満に落ちる電流値変化パターンの発生回数が所定の回数を越えると、前記避雷器が劣化したと判定する、請求項1に記載の避雷器監視装置。
- 前記劣化信号は、表示器に警告表示させる信号を含む、請求項1または2に記載の避雷器監視装置。
- 前記劣化信号は、前記避雷器への給電路に介在する遮断器を開放する信号を含む、請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項に記載の避雷器監視装置。
- 前記劣化信号は、前記鉄道車両のパンタグラフの上昇を禁止する信号を含む、請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項に記載の避雷器監視装置。
- 前記劣化の状態は、前記避雷器の劣化度に応じて複数の劣化レベルに分けられており、
前記制御器は、前記複数の劣化レベルのうち、前記履歴データの前記時系列変化が該当する劣化レベルに応じて、前記劣化信号を異ならせる、請求項1乃至5のいずれか1項に記載の避雷器監視装置。 - 請求項1乃至6のいずれか1項に記載された避雷器監視装置を備えた鉄道車両。
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JPH0963741A (ja) * | 1995-08-25 | 1997-03-07 | Nissin Electric Co Ltd | 避雷器の劣化監視方法および劣化監視装置 |
JP2016080503A (ja) * | 2014-10-16 | 2016-05-16 | 公益財団法人鉄道総合技術研究所 | 検出装置、電力供給システム及び検出方法 |
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