WO2023040061A1 - 燃烧振荡控制装置、方法及燃烧室 - Google Patents

燃烧振荡控制装置、方法及燃烧室 Download PDF

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WO2023040061A1
WO2023040061A1 PCT/CN2021/134928 CN2021134928W WO2023040061A1 WO 2023040061 A1 WO2023040061 A1 WO 2023040061A1 CN 2021134928 W CN2021134928 W CN 2021134928W WO 2023040061 A1 WO2023040061 A1 WO 2023040061A1
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combustion
channel
adjustable
control
plate
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PCT/CN2021/134928
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English (en)
French (fr)
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韩啸
韩猛
严熙成
林宇震
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北京航空航天大学
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Publication of WO2023040061A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023040061A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/24—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements
    • F23N5/245—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements using electrical or electromechanical means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/26—Details
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of energy and power, in particular to a combustion oscillation control device, method and combustion chamber.
  • gas turbines are one of the important equipment in the field of energy and power today, and are widely used in industries such as aviation, navigation and power generation.
  • the gas turbine combustor is the core component and power source of the entire gas turbine.
  • advanced low-emission combustion chambers mostly use lean oil premixed combustion technology, and the combustion chambers are often close to flameout. It runs under working conditions, so it is very sensitive to external disturbances, and is easily affected by external disturbances, resulting in pulsation of heat release rate.
  • the oscillation amplitude and heat release pulsation intensity in the combustion chamber cannot be controlled, and are completely determined by the acoustic characteristics of the combustion chamber and the relevant physical quantities of the flame. Therefore, when developing the combustion chamber, it is hoped that the combustion oscillation characteristics of the complete machine can be reproduced on the test bench, or the comprehensive oscillation characteristics of the combustion chamber can be tested under a wide range of acoustic conditions, so that before entering the complete machine test, Separately test and optimize the combustion oscillation characteristics of the combustion chamber to reduce the risk in the development stage of the complete machine. In the research and development stage of the combustion chamber, the combustion oscillation experiment is carried out for the real combustion chamber.
  • the upstream and downstream structures of the combustion chamber are affected by the design of the test bench itself, it is generally difficult to change.
  • the fixed upstream and downstream structures lead to single acoustic characteristics, and it is impossible to ensure that the entire Combustion oscillation characteristics (such as frequency or amplitude that cannot correspond to the whole machine), or only individual combustion oscillation characteristics, without the ability to adjust, it is impossible to realize a combustion chamber under various acoustic conditions Testing its combustion oscillation characteristics greatly reduces the efficiency of experiments and development.
  • the application provides a combustion oscillation control device, method, and combustion chamber, which are used to solve the defect in the prior art that it is difficult to effectively control combustion oscillation due to the fixed structure of the combustion chamber, and realize the control of the combustion oscillation mode and the intensity of combustion oscillation in the combustion chamber. purpose of effective control.
  • the present application provides a combustion oscillation control device, which includes a control casing, an inlet is provided at one end of the control casing, an adjustable channel mechanism is provided inside the inlet, and an outlet is provided at the other end of the control casing.
  • the control casing is provided with an adjustable acoustic resonator, and the control casing is provided with an adjustable orifice at a position between the adjustable channel mechanism and the outlet;
  • the adjustable channel mechanism includes a blocking part and a channel part, the blocking section of the blocking part along the radial direction of the control casing can be adjusted, and the channel length of the channel part along the axial direction of the control casing can be adjustment, the position of the adjustable orifice along the axial direction of the control casing can be adjusted.
  • the blocking portion includes a first telescopic plate
  • the channel portion includes a second telescopic plate
  • the first telescopic plate is arranged perpendicular to the control casing
  • the second telescopic plate The plate is arranged perpendicular to the first telescopic plate, the length of the first telescopic plate along the radial direction of the control casing can be telescopically adjusted, and the length of the second telescopic plate along the axial direction of the control casing can be telescopically adjusted .
  • the blockage part includes a first blockage plate, the channel portion includes a second blockage plate, the first blockage plate is arranged perpendicular to the control casing, and the second blockage The plate is rotatably connected with the first blocking plate.
  • the adjustable acoustic resonator includes a resonator neck, a resonator cavity and a resonator cover, and the resonator cover is arranged in the resonator cavity and is connected to the resonator The resonator cavity is threaded, and the resonator cover moves in the resonator cavity through threads to adjust the volume of the adjustable acoustic resonator.
  • the combustion oscillation control device there are two adjustable acoustic resonators, and the two adjustable acoustic resonators are arranged symmetrically on the inner wall of the control casing.
  • the adjustable orifice plate includes a porous plate and a movement adjustment mechanism, the said porous plate is connected with the inner wall of the control case through the movement adjustment mechanism, and the porous plate is along the
  • the axial direction of the control casing is arranged vertically, and is movably arranged along the axial direction of the control casing through the movement adjustment mechanism.
  • the movement adjustment mechanism includes slide rails, and the slide rails are arranged along the axial direction of the control casing.
  • the present application also provides a combustion oscillation control method, including:
  • the first parameter value is the blocked cross-sectional area of the blocked channel
  • the second parameter value is the length of the blocked channel
  • the fourth parameter value is the distance between the perforated plate on the combustion oscillation path and located in the rear section of the blocked channel to the blocked channel segment;
  • the frequency and amplitude of combustion oscillations are controlled by adjusting the first parameter value, the second parameter value, the third parameter value and the fourth parameter value.
  • the present application provides a combustion chamber, which includes an intake section, a combustion section and an exhaust section, and the above-mentioned combustion oscillation control device is arranged between the combustion section and the exhaust section.
  • the combustion section includes a flame tube, the outlet of the flame tube is connected to the adjustable channel mechanism, and a critical orifice is provided at the connection between the control casing and the exhaust section.
  • Both can be adjusted, so that the diameter and length of the combustion outlet section can be changed to realize the adjustment of the combustion oscillation mode and oscillation intensity; the adjustment of the combustion oscillation intensity under different combustion oscillation modes can be realized by setting an adjustable acoustic resonator in the control casing Weaken; by setting an adjustable orifice plate in the control casing between the adjustable channel mechanism and the outlet of the control casing, the position of the adjustable orifice along the axial direction of the control casing can be adjusted, and by changing the combustion outlet section The relative position of the acoustic boundary is used to change the combustion oscillation frequency and oscillation amplitude.
  • the device is installed at the outlet of the combustion chamber, and adjusts the amplitude and frequency of the combustion oscillation of the combustion chamber by comprehensively controlling the cross-sectional area of the combustion chamber outlet, the length of the outlet, the strength of the resonator, and the parameters of the sound boundary of the combustion chamber outlet, so as to realize the control of the combustion chamber.
  • the expected control of combustion oscillation amplitude and frequency can regulate different amplitudes of combustion oscillations at different frequencies, which is conducive to carrying out corresponding experimental research.
  • Fig. 1 is the structural representation of combustion chamber in the prior art
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the combustion oscillation control device provided by the present application.
  • Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the combustion chamber that the application provides
  • Fig. 4 is the first schematic diagram of the adjustable channel mechanism of the combustion oscillation control device provided by the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is a second schematic diagram of the adjustable channel mechanism of the combustion oscillation control device provided by the present application.
  • Fig. 6 is a third schematic diagram of the adjustable channel mechanism of the combustion oscillation control device provided by the present application.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the adjustable acoustic resonator of the combustion oscillation control device provided by the present application.
  • Fig. 8 is a structural schematic diagram of the adjustable orifice plate of the combustion oscillation control device provided by the present application.
  • Fig. 9 is a comparative diagram of the amplitude and frequency variation of combustion oscillations under different lengths of the channel portion provided by the present application.
  • Fig. 10 is a comparative diagram of the amplitude and frequency variation of combustion oscillation under different area ratios of the outlet of the plugged part provided by the present application;
  • Fig. 11 is a flow chart of the combustion oscillation control method provided by the present application.
  • 9-1 Blocking part
  • 9-2 Channel part
  • 10 Adjustable orifice plate
  • 13-1 Resonator neck; 13-2: Resonator cavity; 13-3: Resonator cover;
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a combustion oscillation control device.
  • An adjustable channel mechanism 9 is provided inside.
  • the adjustable channel mechanism 9 includes a blocking part 9-1 and a channel part 9-2.
  • the blocking part 9-1 plays a blocking role inside the control casing 11, and the blocking section of the blocking 9-1 along the radial direction of the control casing 11 can be adjust.
  • the channel part 9-2 is connected with the blockage 9-1, and the cross section of the channel part 9-2 is the unblocked section part of the blockage 9-1 in the control casing 11, which is the circulation channel of the combustion airflow.
  • the channel length of the channel part 9-2 along the axial direction of the control casing 11 can also be adjusted.
  • An adjustable acoustic resonator 13 is provided in the control casing 11, and an adjustable orifice plate 10 is provided at a position between the adjustable channel mechanism 9 and the outlet 11-2 in the control casing 11; the adjustable orifice plate 10 is controlled along the The axial position of the casing 11 is adjustable.
  • the vibration intensity of the acoustic resonator 13 and the adjustable The position of the orifice plate 10 along the axial direction of the control casing 11 is used to regulate the combustion oscillation.
  • the adjustment of the blocking section of the blocking portion 9 - 1 along the radial direction of the control casing 11 is realized by a telescopic plate.
  • the blocking part 9-1 is a first expansion plate
  • the first expansion plate is arranged perpendicular to the inner wall of the control casing 11
  • the channel part 9-2 is arranged perpendicular to the first expansion plate
  • the channel part 9-2 is fixedly connected to the second A telescoping plate near the end of the center of the control casing 11.
  • the length of the first telescopic plate along the radial direction of the control casing 11 can be telescopically adjusted, so as to adjust the blocking area of the blocking portion 9-1 and realize the size adjustment of the section of the channel portion 9-2.
  • the range of variation of channel portion 9-2 cross-sectional area d is 0 ⁇ d/D ⁇ 1 (d' and d are the adjustment area of blocking portion 9-1 among Fig. 4, and D is the combustion chamber cross-sectional area).
  • the frequency and amplitude of the combustion oscillation are affected by the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the channel part 9-2 to the area of the combustion chamber.
  • the frequency tends to increase, and the amplitude will be correspondingly smaller.
  • the blocking area of the blocking part 9-1 that is, the continuous change of the cross-sectional area of the passage part 9-2 can meet different experimental requirements, and the cross-sectional area of the passage part 9-2 with different diameter d can also be designed according to the requirements to realize the adjustable passage.
  • the adjustment of the channel length of the channel part 9 - 2 along the axial direction of the control casing 11 is also realized through the telescopic plate.
  • the channel part 9-2 is a second telescopic plate, and the second telescopic plate can be telescopically adjusted along the axial direction of the control casing 11, so as to control the length of the channel part 9-2.
  • the change of the length of the channel part 9-2 can change the mode and intensity of the combustion oscillation in the combustion chamber. Oscillation intensity.
  • the channel part 9-2 of different lengths can be realized by designing the second telescopic plate which can be continuously stretched.
  • the blocking part 9-1 can also be a first blocking plate
  • the channel part 9-2 is a second blocking plate
  • the first blocking plate is arranged perpendicular to the control casing 11
  • the second blocking plate is connected to the control casing 11.
  • the free end of the first blocking plate is rotatably connected (d' and d in FIG. 6 are the adjustment area of the blocking portion 9-1
  • D is the cross-sectional area of the combustion chamber).
  • the adjustable acoustic resonator 13 is preferably a Helmholtz resonator, and the adjustable acoustic resonator 13 includes a resonator neck 13-1, a resonator cavity 13-2 and a resonator cover 13- 3.
  • the resonator cover plate 13-3 is set in the resonator cavity 13-2 and is threadedly connected with the resonator cavity 13-2, and the resonator cover plate 13-3 moves in the resonator cavity 13-2 through threads
  • a volume adjustment of the adjustable acoustic resonator 13 is achieved. Thereby changing the characteristic frequency of the resonator. Weakening or elimination of combustion oscillations in the combustion chamber is achieved through Helmholtz resonators at different characteristic frequencies.
  • the adjustable orifice plate 10 includes a porous plate and a moving adjustment mechanism, the porous plate is connected to the inner wall of the control casing 11 through the moving adjustment mechanism, the porous plate is vertically arranged along the axial direction of the control casing 11, and adjusted by moving
  • the mechanism is movably arranged along the axial direction of the control casing 11 .
  • the movement adjustment mechanism is a slide rail 10 - 1 arranged on the inner wall of the control casing 11 , and the slide rail 10 - 1 is arranged along the axial direction of the control casing 11 to ensure that the perforated plate moves along the axial direction of the control casing 11 .
  • the perforated plate is installed behind the adjustable channel mechanism 9 as the acoustic boundary, and is connected to the inner wall of the control casing 11 through the slide rail 10-1 to realize its adjustable position (10' and 10 in Fig. 8 are the positions of the perforated plate acoustic boundary adjust).
  • the length of the acoustic resonance cavity in the control casing 11 can be changed, thereby changing the frequency and amplitude of the combustion oscillation in the combustion chamber.
  • the combustion oscillation control device provided in this embodiment is installed at the outlet of the combustion chamber, and the amplitude of the combustion oscillation of the combustion chamber is adjusted by comprehensively regulating the cross-sectional area of the combustion chamber outlet, the length of the outlet, the strength of the resonator and the parameters of the sound boundary of the combustion chamber outlet and frequency, to achieve the expected control of the combustion oscillation amplitude and frequency of the combustion chamber, and to regulate different amplitudes of combustion oscillations at different frequencies, which is conducive to carrying out corresponding experimental research.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a combustion chamber, as shown in Figure 3, the combustion chamber includes an intake section 1, a combustion section and an exhaust section 14, the combustion chamber is the same as the combustion chamber in the prior art in Figure 1, A diffuser 2 is provided between the intake section 1 and the combustion section.
  • the combustion section includes a combustion chamber casing 8, and a flame cylinder 7 is arranged inside the combustion chamber casing 8, and a nozzle 4 and a swirler are provided at the end of the flame cylinder 7. 5 and the swirler outer ring 6, the nozzle 4 is connected to the oil pipe 3.
  • the above-mentioned combustion oscillation control device is provided between the combustion section and the exhaust section 14 .
  • the outlet of the flame tube 7 is connected to the adjustable channel mechanism 9 , and a critical orifice 12 is provided at the connection between the control casing 11 and the exhaust section 14 .
  • the combustion chamber also possesses the above-mentioned advantages due to the installation of the combustion oscillation control device.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a combustion oscillation control method, as shown in Figure 11, the combustion oscillation control method includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 Obtain the blockage area of the blockage 9-1 or the blockage of the blockage 9-2 from the blockage channel provided on the combustion oscillation path, which has the blockage part 9-1 and the channel part 9-2
  • the cross-sectional area is used as the first parameter value in turn; the length of the channel part 9-2 is obtained as the second parameter value, wherein the combustion oscillation path is the area from the outlet of the flame tube 7 to the combustion chamber section, which can be understood as the control casing 11 inner area.
  • the blocking passage is arranged at the outlet of the flame tube 7 of the combustion chamber.
  • Step 2 Obtain the working strength or frequency of the resonator as a third parameter value from the resonator arranged on the combustion oscillation path and located in the rear section of the blocked channel.
  • Step 3 Obtain the distance between the perforated plate located in the back section of the blocked channel on the combustion oscillation path and the blocked channel as a fourth parameter value, and the distance between the porous plate and the blocked channel can be adjusted.
  • Step 4 Control the frequency and amplitude of combustion oscillation by comprehensively adjusting the above-mentioned first parameter value, second parameter value, third parameter value and fourth parameter value, so that the frequency and amplitude of combustion oscillation in the combustion chamber reach the target value, which is convenient for carrying out corresponding experimental research.
  • the weakening of the combustion oscillation intensity in different combustion oscillation modes is realized by adding an adjustable Helmholtz resonator on the wall of the combustion chamber;
  • the change of the combustion oscillation frequency and oscillation amplitude in the combustion chamber is achieved by changing the relative position of the acoustic boundary at the exit of the combustion chamber.
  • the embodiments of the present application can regulate different amplitudes of combustion oscillations at different frequencies, which is beneficial to carry out corresponding experimental research.

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Abstract

一种燃烧振荡控制装置、方法及燃烧室，该装置包括控制机匣(11)，其内设有可调通道机构(9)和可调声学共振器(13)，控制机匣(11)内位于可调通道机构(9)与出口(11-2)之间设有可调孔板(10)；可调通道机构(9)包括堵塞部(9-1)和通道部(9-2)，堵塞部(9-1)沿控制机匣(11)径向的堵塞截面可调节，通道部(9-2)沿控制机匣(11)轴向的通道长度均可调节，可调孔板(10)沿控制机匣(11)轴向的位置可调节。该装置安装于燃烧室出口，通过综合调控燃烧室出口的截面积、出口长度、共振器强度以及燃烧室出口声边界的各项参数来调节燃烧室燃烧振荡的幅值和频率，实现对燃烧室燃烧振荡幅值和频率的预期控制，能够针对不同频率下的燃烧振荡进行不同幅值的调控。

Description

燃烧振荡控制装置、方法及燃烧室
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2021年9月18日提交的申请号为202111111795.X，发明名称为“燃烧振荡控制装置、方法及燃烧室”的中国专利申请的优先权，其通过引用方式全部并入本文。
技术领域
本申请涉及能源动力技术领域，尤其涉及一种燃烧振荡控制装置、方法及燃烧室。
背景技术
化石燃料的燃烧仍是当今获取能源动力的主要方式之一，而燃气轮机是当今能源动力领域的重要装备之一，被广泛的应用于航空、航海和发电等行业中。其中燃气轮机燃烧室是整个燃气轮机的核心部件和动力源头。但随着越来越严格的污染物排放要求，为了减少以氮氧化物(NOx)为主的污染物排放，先进低排放燃烧室多采用贫油预混燃烧技术，燃烧室常常在临近熄火的工作状态下运行，因此对外界的扰动十分敏感，容易受到外界扰动，产生释热率脉动。当燃烧室内的释热率脉动与燃烧系统声学发生耦合时(可简单理解为满足瑞利准则)，则容易引起大幅度的释热率脉动和压力脉动，燃烧室内的大幅度的压力脉动和释热脉动可能会使燃烧室产生结构损伤，进而可能影响燃烧室甚至整个动力或能源装备系统的稳定运行和安全工作。因此，燃烧振荡是现代动力与能源装备必须尽力规避的。
当燃烧室内的发生燃烧振荡时，燃烧室内的振荡幅值和释热脉动强度是无法进行控制的，完全是由燃烧室内的声学特性和火焰的相关物理量决定的。因此，在进行燃烧室开发时，希望能在实验台上复现整机的燃烧振荡特性，或者是在很宽的声学条件下测试燃烧室的综合振荡特性，以便能够在进入整机测试前，单独地对燃烧室的燃烧振荡特性进行测试和优化，降低整机研发阶段的风险。在燃烧室研发阶段，针对真实燃烧室开展燃烧振荡的实验，由于燃烧室上下游结构受实验台本身设计的影响，一般难以 改动，固定的上下游结构导致声学特性单一，无法确保能复现整机时出现的燃烧振荡特性(比如频率或幅值与整机的无法对应)，或只能出现个别的燃烧振荡特性，而不具备调节能力，无法实现对一款燃烧室在多种声学条件下测试其燃烧振荡特性，大大降低了实验和开发效率。
发明内容
本申请提供一种燃烧振荡控制装置、方法及燃烧室，用以解决现有技术中由于燃烧室结构固定，难以有效控制燃烧振荡的缺陷，实现对燃烧室内的燃烧振荡模态和燃烧振荡的强度有效调控的目的。
本申请提供一种燃烧振荡控制装置，包括控制机匣，所述控制机匣的一端设有入口，所述入口内设有可调通道机构，所述控制机匣的另一端设有出口，所述控制机匣内设有可调声学共振器，所述控制机匣内位于所述可调通道机构与所述出口之间的位置处设有可调孔板；
其中，所述可调通道机构包括堵塞部和通道部，所述堵塞部沿所述控制机匣径向的堵塞截面可调节，所述通道部沿所述控制机匣轴向的通道长度均可调节，所述可调孔板沿所述控制机匣轴向的位置可调节。
根据本申请提供的燃烧振荡控制装置，所述堵塞部包括第一伸缩板，所述通道部包括第二伸缩板，所述第一伸缩板垂直于所述控制机匣设置，所述第二伸缩板垂直于所述第一伸缩板设置，所述第一伸缩板沿所述控制机匣径向的长度可伸缩调节，所述第二伸缩板沿所述控制机匣轴向的长度可伸缩调节。
根据本申请提供的燃烧振荡控制装置，所述堵塞部包括第一堵塞板，所述通道部包括第二堵塞板，所述第一堵塞板垂直于所述控制机匣设置，所述第二堵塞板与所述第一堵塞板转动连接。
根据本申请提供的燃烧振荡控制装置，所述可调声学共振器包括共振器颈部、共振器腔体和共振器盖板，所述共振器盖板设于所述共振器腔体内并与所述共振器腔体螺纹连接，所述共振器盖板通过螺纹在所述共振器腔体内移动达到对所述可调声学共振器的体积调节。
根据本申请提供的燃烧振荡控制装置，所述可调声学共振器设有两个，且两个所述可调声学共振器对称布置在所述控制机匣内壁上。
根据本申请提供的燃烧振荡控制装置，所述可调孔板包括多孔板和移 动调节机构，所述多孔板通过所述移动调节机构与所述控制机匣内壁连接，所述多孔板沿所述控制机匣的轴向垂直设置，并通过所述移动调节机构沿所述控制机匣的轴向可移动设置。
根据本申请提供的燃烧振荡控制装置，所述移动调节机构包括滑轨，所述滑轨沿所述控制机匣的轴向布置。
本申请还提供一种燃烧振荡控制方法，包括：
从设置在燃烧振荡路径上的堵塞通道，获取第一参数值和第二参数值，所述第一参数值为所述堵塞通道的堵塞截面面积，所述第二参数值为所述堵塞通道长度；
从设置在燃烧振荡路径上且位于所述堵塞通道后段的共振器，获取第三参数值，所述第三参数值为所述共振器的强度；
获取第四参数值，所示第四参数值为在燃烧振荡路径并且位于所述堵塞通道后段的多孔板到所述堵塞通道段之间的距离；
通过调节所述第一参数值、所述第二参数值、所述第三参数值以及所述第四参数值控制燃烧振荡的频率和幅值。
本申请提供一种燃烧室，包括进气段、燃烧段和排气段，所述燃烧段与所述排气段之间设有如上所述的燃烧振荡控制装置。
根据本申请提供的燃烧室，所述燃烧段包括火焰筒，所述火焰筒的出口连接所述可调通道机构，所述控制机匣与所述排气段连接处设有临界孔板。
本申请提供的燃烧振荡控制装置、方法及燃烧室，通过在控制机匣入口内设置可调通道机构，可调通道机构沿控制机匣径向的堵塞截面以及沿控制机匣轴向的通道长度均可调节，从而可以改变燃烧出口段直径和出口长度来实现对燃烧振荡模式和振荡强度的调节；通过在控制机匣内设置可调声学共振器来实现对不同燃烧振荡模式下燃烧振荡强度的削弱；通过在控制机匣内位于可调通道机构与控制机匣出口之间的位置处设有可调孔板，可调孔板沿控制机匣轴向的位置可调节，通过改变燃烧出口段声边界的相对位置来实现对燃烧振荡频率和振荡幅值的改变。该装置安装于燃烧室出口，通过综合调控燃烧室出口的截面积、出口长度、共振器强度以及燃烧室出口声边界的各项参数来调节燃烧室燃烧振荡的幅值和频率，实现 对燃烧室燃烧振荡幅值和频率的预期控制，能够针对不同频率下的燃烧振荡进行不同幅值的调控，有利于开展相应的实验研究。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作一简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是现有技术中燃烧室结构示意图；
图2是本申请提供的燃烧振荡控制装置的结构示意图；
图3是本申请提供的燃烧室结构示意图；
图4是本申请提供的燃烧振荡控制装置的可调通道机构第一示意图；
图5是本申请提供的燃烧振荡控制装置的可调通道机构第二示意图；
图6是本申请提供的燃烧振荡控制装置的可调通道机构第三示意图；
图7是本申请提供的燃烧振荡控制装置的可调声学共振器结构示意图；
图8是本申请提供的燃烧振荡控制装置的可调孔板结构示意图；
图9是本申请提供的通道部不同长度下燃烧振荡的幅值和频率变化对比图；
图10是本申请提供的堵塞部出口不同面积比下燃烧振荡的幅值和频率变化对比图；
图11是本申请提供的燃烧振荡控制方法的流程图。
附图标记：
1：进气段；         2：扩压器；          3：油管；
4：喷嘴；           5：旋流器；          6：旋流器外环；
7：火焰筒；         8：燃烧室机匣；      9：可调通道机构；
9-1：堵塞部；        9-2：通道部；       10：可调孔板；
10-1：滑轨；         11：控制机匣；      11-1：入口；
11-2：出口；         12：临界孔板；       13：可调声学共振器；
13-1：共振器颈部；   13-2：共振器腔体；   13-3：共振器盖板；
14：排气段。
具体实施方式
为使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请中的附图，对本申请中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
本申请实施例提供一种燃烧振荡控制装置，如图2所示，该装置包括控制机匣11，控制机匣11的一端为入口11-1，另一端为出口11-2，入口11-1内设有可调通道机构9。可调通道机构9包括堵塞部9-1和通道部9-2，堵塞9-1在控制机匣11内部起到阻挡的作用，该堵塞9-1沿控制机匣11径向的堵塞截面可调节。通道部9-2与堵塞9-1连接，通道部9-2的截面即为堵塞9-1在控制机匣11内未阻挡的截面部分，为燃烧气流的流通通道。通道部9-2沿控制机匣11轴向的通道长度也可调节。
控制机匣11内设有可调声学共振器13，控制机匣11内位于可调通道机构9与出口11-2之间的位置处设有可调孔板10；可调孔板10沿控制机匣11轴向的位置可调节。
本申请实施例通过综合调节堵塞9-1沿控制机匣11径向的堵塞截面，通道部9-2沿控制机匣11轴向的通道长度，可调声学共振器13的振动强度以及可调孔板10沿控制机匣11轴向的位置来实现对燃烧振荡的调控。
如图4所示，本实施例中，堵塞部9-1沿控制机匣11径向的堵塞截面的调节是通过伸缩板实现的。具体的，堵塞部9-1为第一伸缩板，第一伸缩板垂直于控制机匣11内壁设置，通道部9-2垂直于第一伸缩板设置，且通道部9-2固定连接在第一伸缩板靠近控制机匣11中心的端部。第一伸缩板沿控制机匣11径向的长度可伸缩调节，以此来调节堵塞部9-1的阻挡面积，实现通道部9-2截面的大小调节。其中，通道部9-2截面面积d的变化范围为0<d/D<1(图4中d’和d为堵塞部9-1的调节面积，D为燃烧室 截面积)。如图10所示，燃烧振荡的频率和幅值受通道部9-2截面面积与燃烧室面积的比值影响，相应的，比值上升，频率具有上升的趋势，幅值会相应的较小。通过堵塞部9-1的阻挡面积也就是通道部9-2截面面积的连续变化以达到不同的实验需求，也可根据需求设计不同直径d的通道部9-2截面面积来实现对可调通道机构9通道面积的调整。
如图5所示，本实施例中，通道部9-2沿控制机匣11轴向的通道长度的调节也是通过伸缩板实现的。具体的，通道部9-2为第二伸缩板，第二伸缩板沿控制机匣11轴向可以伸缩调节，以此来控制通道部9-2的长度。如图9所示，通道部9-2长度的变化能够改变燃烧室内燃烧振荡的模式和强度，通过缩短通道部9-2长度能够消弱燃烧振荡强度，增加通道部9-2长度能够增强燃烧振荡强度。通过设计可连续伸缩的第二伸缩板实现不同长度的通道部9-2，同时也可根据需求针对进行某些特定长度的出口结构开展特定的实验研究，在实验过程中来调整通道部9-2实现对燃烧室内燃烧振荡的调控，其中通道部9-2的长度L的变化范围为0<L’/L<1。在图9和图10中，SR为燃料分配比，由图可知，在不同的火焰工作状态下，通过调整通道部9-2截面面积或者通道部9-2长度都可以起到控制振荡的作用。
进一步地，如图6所示，堵塞部9-1还可以是第一堵塞板，通道部9-2为第二堵塞板，第一堵塞板垂直于控制机匣11设置，第二堵塞板与第一堵塞板自由端转动连接(图6中d’和d为堵塞部9-1的调节面积，D为燃烧室截面积)。通过转动第二堵塞板调节第二堵塞板的位置实现对堵塞部9-1的截面面积的调节，也一定程度的调节了通道部9-2的长度。以此结构实现对燃烧振荡的调节。
如图7所示，可调声学共振器13优选采用亥姆霍兹共振器，可调声学共振器13包括共振器颈部13-1、共振器腔体13-2和共振器盖板13-3，共振器盖板13-3设于共振器腔体13-2内并与共振器腔体13-2螺纹连接，共振器盖板13-3通过螺纹在共振器腔体13-2内移动达到对可调声学共振器13的体积调节。从而改变共振器的特征频率。通过不同特征频率下的亥姆霍兹共振器来实现对燃烧室内燃烧振荡的消弱或消除。
值得一提的是，本实施例中，可调声学共振器13设有两个，且两个 可调声学共振器13对称布置在控制机匣11内壁上，以保证可调声学共振器13的效果稳定显著。
如图8所示，可调孔板10包括多孔板和移动调节机构，多孔板通过移动调节机构与控制机匣11内壁连接，多孔板沿控制机匣11的轴向垂直设置，并通过移动调节机构沿控制机匣11的轴向可移动设置。具体的，移动调节机构为设置在控制机匣11内壁上的滑轨10-1，滑轨10-1沿控制机匣11的轴向布置，保证多孔板沿控制机匣11的轴向移动。多孔板作为声边界被安装在可调通道机构9后方，通过滑轨10-1与控制机匣11内壁连接并实现其位置可调(图8中10’和10均为多孔板声边界的位置调节)。通过调节多孔板声边界的相对位置可改变控制机匣11内的声学共振腔的长度，进而改变燃烧室内燃烧振荡的频率和燃烧振荡的幅值。
本实施例提供的燃烧振荡控制装置安装于燃烧室出口，通过综合调控燃烧室出口的截面积、出口长度、共振器强度以及燃烧室出口声边界的各项参数来调节燃烧室燃烧振荡的幅值和频率，实现对燃烧室燃烧振荡幅值和频率的预期控制，能够针对不同频率下的燃烧振荡进行不同幅值的调控，有利于开展相应的实验研究。
本申请实施例还提供一种燃烧室，如图3所示，该燃烧室包括进气段1、燃烧段和排气段14，该燃烧室与图1中现有技术中的燃烧室相同，进气段1与燃烧段之间设有扩压器2，燃烧段包括燃烧室机匣8，燃烧室机匣8内部设有火焰筒7，火焰筒7端部设有喷嘴4、旋流器5和旋流器外环6，喷嘴4连接油管3。不同的是，本申请实施例提供的燃烧室在燃烧段与排气段14之间设置如上所述的燃烧振荡控制装置。具体的，火焰筒7的出口连接可调通道机构9，控制机匣11与排气段14连接处设有临界孔板12。该燃烧室由于安装了燃烧振荡控制装置，同样具备如上所述的优势。
本申请实施例还提供一种燃烧振荡控制方法，如图11所示，该燃烧振荡控制方法包括如下步骤：
步骤1：从设置在燃烧振荡路径上的的堵塞通道，该堵塞通道具有堵塞部9-1和通道部9-2，获取堵塞部9-1的堵塞面积或堵塞之外的通道部9-2的截面积，依次作为第一参数值；获取通道部9-2的长度作为第二参数值，其中所述燃烧振荡路径为火焰筒7出口到燃烧室内段的区域，可以 理解为控制机匣11内部区域。在一个具体实施例中，堵塞通道设置在燃烧室的火焰筒7出口处。
步骤2：从设置在燃烧振荡路径上且位于堵塞通道后段的共振器，获取共振器工作强度或频率作为第三参数值。
步骤3：获取设置在燃烧振荡路径上位于堵塞通道后段的多孔板与堵塞通道之间的距离作为第四参数值，多孔板与堵塞通道之间的距离可以调节。
步骤4：通过综合调节上述的第一参数值、第二参数值、第三参数值以及第四参数值来控制燃烧振荡的频率和幅值，使燃烧室的燃烧振荡的频率和幅值达到目标值，便于开展相应的实验研究。
本实施例提供的燃烧振荡控制方法，通过在燃烧室壁面加入可调亥姆霍兹共振器来实现对不同燃烧振荡模式下燃烧振荡强度的削弱；通过改变燃烧室出口直径和出口长度来实现对燃烧室内燃烧振荡模式和振荡强度的改变；通过改变燃烧室出口声边界的相对位置来实现对燃烧室内燃烧振荡频率和振荡幅值的改变。本申请实施例能够针对不同频率下的燃烧振荡进行不同幅值的调控，有利于开展相应的实验研究。
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种燃烧振荡控制装置，其特征在于，包括控制机匣(11)，所述控制机匣(11)的一端设有入口(11-1)，所述入口(11-1)内设有可调通道机构(9)，所述控制机匣(11)的另一端设有出口(11-2)，所述控制机匣(11)内设有可调声学共振器(13)，所述控制机匣(11)内位于所述可调通道机构(9)与所述出口(11-2)之间的位置处设有可调孔板(10)；
    其中，所述可调通道机构(9)包括堵塞部(9-1)和通道部(9-2)，所述堵塞部(9-1)沿所述控制机匣(11)径向的堵塞截面可调节，所述通道部(9-2)沿所述控制机匣(11)轴向的通道长度均可调节，所述可调孔板(10)沿所述控制机匣(11)轴向的位置可调节。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的燃烧振荡控制装置，其特征在于，所述堵塞部(9-1)包括第一伸缩板，所述通道部(9-2)包括第二伸缩板，所述第一伸缩板垂直于所述控制机匣(11)设置，所述第二伸缩板垂直于所述第一伸缩板设置，所述第一伸缩板沿所述控制机匣(11)径向的长度可伸缩调节，所述第二伸缩板沿所述控制机匣(11)轴向的长度可伸缩调节。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的燃烧振荡控制装置，其特征在于，所述堵塞部(9-1)包括第一堵塞板，所述通道部(9-2)包括第二堵塞板，所述第一堵塞板垂直于所述控制机匣(11)设置，所述第二堵塞板与所述第一堵塞板转动连接。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的燃烧振荡控制装置，其特征在于，所述可调声学共振器(13)包括共振器颈部(13-1)、共振器腔体(13-2)和共振器盖板(13-3)，所述共振器盖板(13-3)设于所述共振器腔体(13-2)内并与所述共振器腔体(13-2)螺纹连接，所述共振器盖板(13-3)通过螺纹在所述共振器腔体(13-2)内移动达到对所述可调声学共振器(13)的体积调节。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的燃烧振荡控制装置，其特征在于，所述可调声学共振器(13)设有两个，且两个所述可调声学共振器(13)对称布置在所述控制机匣(11)内壁上。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的燃烧振荡控制装置，其特征在于，所述可 调孔板(10)包括多孔板和移动调节机构，所述多孔板通过所述移动调节机构与所述控制机匣(11)内壁连接，所述多孔板沿所述控制机匣(11)的轴向垂直设置，并通过所述移动调节机构沿所述控制机匣(11)的轴向可移动设置。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的燃烧振荡控制装置，其特征在于，所述移动调节机构包括滑轨(10-1)，所述滑轨(10-1)沿所述控制机匣(11)的轴向布置。
  8. 一种燃烧振荡控制方法，用于控制燃烧振荡控制装置，所述燃烧振荡控制装置包括控制机匣，其特征在于，包括：
    从设置在燃烧振荡路径上的堵塞通道，获取第一参数值和第二参数值，所述第一参数值为所述堵塞通道的堵塞截面面积，所述第二参数值为所述堵塞通道长度；
    从设置在所述燃烧振荡路径上且位于所述堵塞通道后段的共振器，获取第三参数值，所述第三参数值为所述共振器的强度；
    获取第四参数值，所示第四参数值为设置在所述燃烧振荡路径上且位于所述堵塞通道后段的多孔板到所述堵塞通道之间的距离；
    通过调节所述第一参数值、所述第二参数值、所述第三参数值以及所述第四参数值控制燃烧振荡的频率和幅值。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的燃烧振荡控制方法，其特征在于，所述燃烧振荡路径为控制机匣内部区域。
  10. 一种燃烧室，其特征在于，包括进气段(1)、燃烧段和排气段(14)，所述燃烧段与所述排气段(14)之间设有如权利要求1-7任一项所述的燃烧振荡控制装置。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的燃烧室，其特征在于，所述燃烧段包括火焰筒(7)，所述火焰筒(7)的出口连接所述可调通道机构(9)，所述控制机匣(11)与所述排气段(14)连接处设有临界孔板(12)。
PCT/CN2021/134928 2021-09-18 2021-12-02 燃烧振荡控制装置、方法及燃烧室 WO2023040061A1 (zh)

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