WO2023039730A1 - 通信方法、终端及网络设备 - Google Patents

通信方法、终端及网络设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023039730A1
WO2023039730A1 PCT/CN2021/118353 CN2021118353W WO2023039730A1 WO 2023039730 A1 WO2023039730 A1 WO 2023039730A1 CN 2021118353 W CN2021118353 W CN 2021118353W WO 2023039730 A1 WO2023039730 A1 WO 2023039730A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
terminal
power supply
wireless power
network device
signal
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PCT/CN2021/118353
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
徐伟杰
张治�
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Oppo广东移动通信有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 filed Critical Oppo广东移动通信有限公司
Priority to CN202180102200.6A priority Critical patent/CN117941424A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2021/118353 priority patent/WO2023039730A1/zh
Publication of WO2023039730A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023039730A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/04—TPC
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of communication, and more specifically, to a communication method, a terminal, and a network device.
  • a terminal Before performing communication, a terminal (for example, a zero-power consumption terminal) generally needs to acquire energy based on a wireless energy supply signal sent by a network device. At present, in order to ensure that the terminal can obtain enough energy based on the wireless power supply signal, a relatively conservative sending time is usually predefined for the network device to send the wireless power supply signal.
  • the energy required by different terminals is not necessarily the same.
  • the terminal may obtain enough energy through wireless power supply signals after a period of time shorter than the conservative transmission time. , if the above-mentioned conservative transmission duration is still used to transmit the wireless power supply signal, resources will be wasted.
  • the present application provides a communication method, network equipment and terminal equipment, so as to improve the utilization rate of resources in the communication system.
  • a communication method including: a terminal sends a wireless power supply parameter, wherein the wireless power supply parameter includes one or more of the following parameters: the energy collection efficiency of the terminal; the energy of the terminal The collection speed; the collection time required by the terminal to collect preset energy; and the signal strength of the signal received by the terminal.
  • a communication method including: a terminal receiving a wireless power supply signal sent by a network device; the terminal sending data to the network device in an authorized transmission-free manner, or, the terminal receiving in an authorized transmission-free manner The data sent by the network device.
  • a communication method including: a network device receiving a wireless power supply parameter of a terminal, wherein the wireless power supply parameter includes one or more of the following parameters: energy collection efficiency of the terminal; The energy collection speed; the collection time required by the terminal to collect preset energy; and the signal strength of the signal received by the terminal.
  • a communication method including: a network device sends a wireless power supply signal to a terminal; the network device receives data sent by the terminal in a manner of avoiding authorized transmission; or, the network device sends the terminal to avoid Send information by means of authorized transfers.
  • a terminal including a memory and a processor, the memory is used to store a program, and the processor is used to invoke the program in the memory to execute the method described in the first aspect or the second aspect.
  • a network device including a memory and a processor, the memory is used to store programs, and the processor is used to call the programs in the memory to execute the method described in the third aspect or the fourth aspect .
  • an apparatus including a processor, configured to call a program from a memory to execute the method described in the first aspect or the second aspect.
  • an apparatus including a processor, configured to call a program from a memory to execute the method described in the third aspect or the fourth aspect.
  • a ninth aspect provides a chip, including a processor, configured to call a program from a memory, so that a device installed with the chip executes the method described in the first aspect or the second aspect.
  • a chip including a processor, configured to call a program from a memory, so that a device installed with the chip executes the method described in the third aspect or the fourth aspect.
  • a computer-readable storage medium on which a program is stored, and the program causes a computer to execute the method described in the first aspect or the second aspect.
  • a computer-readable storage medium on which a program is stored, and the program causes a computer to execute the method described in the third aspect or the fourth aspect.
  • a thirteenth aspect provides a computer program product, including a program, the program causes a computer to execute the method described in the first aspect or the second aspect.
  • a fourteenth aspect provides a computer program product, including a program, the program causes a computer to execute the method described in the third aspect or the fourth aspect.
  • a fifteenth aspect provides a computer program, the computer program causes a computer to execute the method described in the first aspect or the second aspect.
  • a sixteenth aspect provides a computer program, the computer program causes a computer to execute the method described in the third aspect or the fourth aspect.
  • the terminal can indicate the energy required by the network device terminal by sending the wireless power supply parameter to the network device.
  • the network device can determine the transmission duration of the wireless power supply signal based on the wireless power supply parameter, which is beneficial to improve the resource utilization in the communication system. utilization rate.
  • the network device uses the transmission time corresponding to the energy exceeding the terminal demand (that is, the conservative transmission time) to send the wireless power supply signal, resulting in the waste of resources.
  • FIG. 1 is a wireless communication system 100 applied in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 2 shows a possible structure of an energy harvesting module.
  • Fig. 3 shows the backscatter communication principle of the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 4 shows a circuit diagram of a termination based on resistive load modulation technique.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an encoding method of NRZ encoding.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a Manchester encoding encoding method.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a coding method of unipolar return-to-zero coding.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a coding method of DBP coding.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an encoding method of Miller encoding.
  • FIG. 10 is a flowchart of a communication method according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of authorization-free transmission.
  • Fig. 12 is a flowchart of a communication method according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of a communication method according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a synchronization process in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of a terminal according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of a terminal according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 17 is a schematic diagram of a network device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 18 is a schematic diagram of a network device according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • wireless communication systems can be integrated with industrial wireless sensor networks (industrial wireless sensor network, IWSN) .
  • industrial wireless sensor network IWSN
  • wireless communication systems can be integrated with smart logistics and smart warehousing.
  • a wireless communication system may be integrated with a smart home network.
  • the zero-power communication technology can be used for communication between the network device and the terminal.
  • the terminal can also be called a "zero-power communication terminal".
  • FIG. 1 is an architecture of a zero-power communication system 100 applicable to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the architecture shown in FIG. 1 includes a network device 110 and a terminal 120 .
  • the network device 110 may be a device that communicates with the terminal device 120 .
  • the network device 110 can provide communication coverage for a specific geographical area, and can communicate with the terminal device 120 located in the coverage area.
  • the network device 110 is configured to send a wireless power supply signal to the terminal 120 to power the terminal.
  • the terminal 120 can send data to the network device 110 through the backscatter signal.
  • the foregoing wireless power supply signal may also carry data or control information sent by the network device 110 to the terminal 120 .
  • the above wireless power supply signal may also be used only for power supply, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 1 exemplarily shows a network device and a terminal.
  • the communication system 100 may include multiple network devices and each network device may include other numbers of terminal devices within the coverage area. , which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the communication system 100 may further include other network entities such as a network controller and a mobility management entity, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application can be applied to various communication systems, for example: the fifth generation (5th generation, 5G) system or new radio (new radio, NR), long term evolution (long term evolution, LTE) system , LTE frequency division duplex (frequency division duplex, FDD) system, LTE time division duplex (time division duplex, TDD), cellular Internet of Things, etc.
  • the technical solution provided in this application can also be applied to future communication systems, such as the sixth generation mobile communication system and the like.
  • the terminal in the embodiment of the present application may also be referred to as user equipment (user equipment, UE), access terminal, subscriber unit, subscriber station, mobile station, mobile station (mobile station, MS), mobile terminal (mobile terminal, MT) , a remote station, a remote terminal, a mobile device, a user terminal, a terminal device, a wireless communication device, a user agent, or a user device.
  • the terminal device in the embodiment of the present application may be a device that provides voice and/or data connectivity to users, and may be used to connect people, objects and machines, such as household appliances with wireless connection functions, sensors, electronic tags, etc.
  • the terminals in the embodiments of the present application may be wireless terminals in smart home, wireless terminals in IWSN, wireless terminals in smart logistics and smart storage, wireless terminals in self driving, remote Wireless terminals in remote medical surgery, wireless terminals in smart grid, wireless terminals in transportation safety, wireless terminals in smart city, etc.
  • the network device in this embodiment of the present application may be a device for communicating with a terminal device. If the terminal is an electronic tag, the network device may be a reader/writer for reading and writing the electronic tag (for example, a reader/writer based on radio frequency identification (RFID) technology).
  • the network device may also be an access network device or a wireless access network device, for example, the network device may be a base station.
  • the network device in this embodiment of the present application may refer to a radio access network (radio access network, RAN) node (or device) that connects a terminal device to a wireless network.
  • RAN radio access network
  • the base station can broadly cover various names in the following, or replace with the following names, such as: Node B (NodeB), evolved base station (evolved NodeB, eNB), next generation base station (next generation NodeB, gNB), relay station, Access point, transmission point (transmitting and receiving point, TRP), transmission point (transmitting point, TP), primary station MeNB, secondary station SeNB, multi-standard wireless (MSR) node, home base station, network controller, access node , wireless node, access point (access point, AP), transmission node, transceiver node, base band unit (base band unit, BBU), remote radio unit (Remote Radio Unit, RRU), active antenna unit (active antenna unit) , AAU), radio head (remote radio head, RRH), central unit (central unit, CU), distributed unit (distributed unit, DU), positioning nodes, etc.
  • NodeB Node B
  • eNB evolved base station
  • next generation NodeB next generation NodeB
  • a base station may be a macro base station, a micro base station, a relay node, a donor node, or the like, or a combination thereof.
  • a base station may also refer to a communication module, a modem or a chip configured in the aforementioned equipment or device.
  • the base station can also be a mobile switching center, a device that undertakes the function of a base station in D2D, vehicle-to-everything (V2X), machine-to-machine (M2M) communication, and a device in a 6G network.
  • V2X vehicle-to-everything
  • M2M machine-to-machine
  • Base stations can support networks of the same or different access technologies. The embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific technology and specific device form adopted by the network device.
  • Base stations can be fixed or mobile.
  • a helicopter or drone can be configured to act as a mobile base station, and one or more cells can move according to the location of the mobile base station.
  • a helicopter or drone may be configured to serve as a device in communication with another base station.
  • the network device in this embodiment of the present application may refer to a CU or a DU, or, the network device includes a CU and a DU.
  • a gNB may also include an AAU.
  • Network equipment and terminal equipment can be deployed on land, including indoors or outdoors, hand-held or vehicle-mounted; they can also be deployed on water; they can also be deployed on aircraft, balloons and satellites in the air.
  • the scenarios where the network device and the terminal device are located are not limited.
  • a terminal supporting the zero-power communication technology is introduced below with reference to FIG. 2 .
  • the terminal 120 may include an energy collection module 121 and a backscatter communication module 122 .
  • the energy collection module 121 and the backscatter communication module 122 will be introduced below in conjunction with FIG. 2 to FIG. 4 , and will not be repeated here for brevity.
  • the terminal 120 may also include a low-power computing module 123 . Wherein, the low-power computing module 123 is used to provide computing functions for the terminal, such as data processing and the like.
  • the terminal 120 may further include a sensor 124 for collecting external information (eg, ambient temperature, ambient humidity, etc.).
  • the terminal 120 may also include a memory 125 for storing some information (for example, external information collected by the above-mentioned sensors, or item identification, etc.).
  • the above-mentioned energy collection module 121 is used for collecting energy.
  • energy may be harvested through a wireless powering signal sent by a network device.
  • the wireless energy supply signal may be a "radio frequency signal" sent by a network device, therefore, the above-mentioned energy collection module is also called a "radio frequency energy collection module”.
  • FIG. 2 shows a possible structure of an energy harvesting module.
  • the energy collection module 121 can collect the energy of the space electromagnetic wave of the radio frequency signal based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, and store the collected energy in the capacitor C, which is the process of charging the capacitor C.
  • the capacitor C can start to discharge to provide energy for the terminal operation.
  • the discharge of the capacitor C can be used to drive the terminal to perform low-power demodulation of the data sent by the network device.
  • the discharge of the capacitor C may be used to drive the data to be sent by the terminal for modulation.
  • the discharge of the capacitor C may be used to drive the sensor of the terminal to collect data.
  • the discharge of the capacitor C may be used to drive the terminal to read data in the memory 125 and so on.
  • the aforementioned backscatter communication module 122 is used for performing back scattering communication (back scattering) between the terminal and the network device.
  • back scattering back scattering
  • the principle of backscatter communication in the embodiment of the present application is introduced below with reference to FIG. 3 .
  • the terminal 120 receives the wireless signal sent by the network device 110 and modulates the wireless signal to load the data to be sent. Finally, the modulated signal is radiated from the antenna.
  • This information transmission process is called backscatter communication.
  • backscatter communication and load modulation functions are inseparable.
  • the load modulation function can be understood as adjusting and controlling the circuit parameters of the oscillating circuit of the terminal according to the beat of the data flow, so that the parameters such as the impedance of the terminal change accordingly, thereby completing the modulation process.
  • a transmission (transport, TX) path of the network device 110 may further be provided with other devices for processing a signal to be transmitted, for example, an amplifier (amplifier, AMP) and the like.
  • a receiving (receive, RX) path of the network device 110 may also be provided with other devices for processing received signals, for example, a low noise amplifier (low noise amplifier, LNA) and the like.
  • the terminal 120 may be provided with an energy collection unit, configured to collect energy of a wireless power supply signal sent by a network device.
  • an energy collection unit configured to collect energy of a wireless power supply signal sent by a network device.
  • a logical processing unit may also be provided in the terminal 120 to perform corresponding computing functions.
  • FIG. 3 only shows the connection structure of the signal processing circuit as an example, and the processing circuit of the network device 110 and/or the terminal 120 may include other components.
  • the example does not specifically limit this.
  • the load modulation function can be realized by resistive load modulation and capacitive load modulation.
  • Figure 4 shows a circuit diagram of a termination based on resistive load modulation technique. It should be noted that the circuit described in Figure 4 implements the load modulation technique, which is similar to the implementation of the existing circuit that implements the load modulation technique. For the sake of simplicity, the resistors R 2 , R 3. The functions of capacitors C 1 , C 2 , and inductors L 1 , L 2 will not be repeated here.
  • a resistor RL can be connected in parallel with the load.
  • the switch S can be controlled based on the binary data stream to realize the on or off of the resistor RL .
  • the on-off of the resistance RL will cause the change of the circuit voltage, and the change of the circuit voltage can control the amplitude of the backscattering signal of the terminal, and then realize the modulation of the backscattering signal, that is, shift the amplitude of the backscattering signal Amplitude-shift keying (ASK) modulation.
  • ASK Amplitude-shift keying
  • the on-off of the capacitor can be controlled based on the binary data stream to change the resonant frequency of the circuit, and then change the operating frequency of the backscattered signal to realize frequency-shift keying (FSK) )modulation.
  • FSK frequency-shift keying
  • the terminal can perform information modulation on the incoming signal (that is, the signal sent by the network device) by means of load modulation, so as to realize the backscatter communication process. Therefore, terminals in backscatter communication generally have the following advantages.
  • the first advantage is that since the terminal does not need to actively transmit signals, it does not need to construct complex radio frequency paths. For example, components such as a power amplifier (power amplifier, PA) and a radio frequency filter may not be provided in the radio frequency path, so as to reduce the cost and volume of the terminal.
  • a power amplifier power amplifier, PA
  • a radio frequency filter may not be provided in the radio frequency path, so as to reduce the cost and volume of the terminal.
  • the second advantage is that since the terminal does not need to actively generate high-frequency signals, it does not require a high-frequency crystal oscillator to reduce the cost and volume of the terminal.
  • the third advantage is that since the terminal can communicate with the network equipment using the backscattering technology, the terminal consumes less energy during communication, and even does not need to consume its own energy.
  • the data transmitted by the coding end can use different coding methods to represent binary "1" and "0".
  • the decoding end for example, a network device or a radio frequency identification system
  • Coding methods commonly used in zero-power communication technology include: non-return zero (NRZ) coding, Manchester (manchester) coding, unipolar RZ (unipolar RZ) coding, differential binary phase (differential binary phase) , DBP) coding, Miller (miller) coding, differential coding, etc.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an encoding method of NRZ encoding. Referring to FIG. 5, it can be seen that in NRZ encoding, binary "1" is represented by a high level, and binary "0" is represented by a low level.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a Manchester encoding encoding method.
  • Manchester encoding is also known as Split-Phase Coding. See Figure 6.
  • the value of a certain bit is represented by the change (rising or falling) of the level during half a bit period of the bit length, and the negative transition during half a bit period indicates binary " 1", a positive transition at half a bit period represents a binary "0".
  • Manchester encoding is often used for data transmission from electronic tags to readers, because it is beneficial to find errors in data transmission. This is because the "no change" state is not allowed within the bit length.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a coding method of unipolar return-to-zero coding. As shown in FIG. 7 , the high level signal of the unipolar return-to-zero code in the first half bit period represents a binary "1", and the low level signal lasting for the entire bit period represents a binary "0". In some implementations, unipolar return-to-zero encoding can be used to extract bit synchronization signals.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a coding method of DBP coding. As shown in FIG. 8 , any edge in the half bit period of the differential biphase encoding represents a binary "0", and no edge is a binary "1". In addition, the levels are inverted at the beginning of each bit period. Thus, bit beats are easier for the receiver to reconstruct.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an encoding method of Miller encoding. As shown in FIG. 9 , any edge of the Miller code in half a bit period represents a binary "1", and a constant level in the next bit period represents a binary "0". The level transition occurs at the beginning of a bit period, so the bit beat is relatively easy for the receiver to reconstruct.
  • each binary "1" to be transmitted causes a change in signal level, whereas for a binary "0", the signal level remains the same,
  • a terminal in zero-power communication also known as a “zero-power terminal” consumes little or even no energy of its own for communication. Therefore, in zero-power communication technology, terminals can be divided into three categories based on their energy sources and energy usage methods: passive zero-power terminals, semi-passive zero-power terminals, and active zero-power terminals.
  • Passive zero-power terminals generally do not require a built-in battery.
  • the terminal When the terminal is close to the network device, the terminal is within the near-field range formed by the antenna radiation of the network device.
  • the antenna of the terminal can generate an induced current through electromagnetic induction, and the induced current can supply energy for the terminal to realize the demodulation of the received signal. , and/or the modulation, coding, etc. of the signal to be transmitted.
  • the above-mentioned passive zero-power consumption terminal may be an electronic tag, and correspondingly, the network device may be a reader/writer of a (radio frequency identification, RFID) system, which is used to read the content in the electronic tag and/or It is used to change the content in the electronic label.
  • RFID radio frequency identification
  • the semi-passive zero-power terminal itself does not install conventional batteries, but can use the energy harvesting module 121 to collect radio wave energy, and store the collected energy in an energy storage unit (such as a capacitor). After the energy storage unit obtains energy, it can supply energy to the terminal to realize the demodulation of the received signal, and/or the modulation and coding of the signal to be transmitted.
  • an energy storage unit such as a capacitor
  • Active zero-power terminals can have built-in batteries.
  • the battery can supply energy for the terminal to demodulate the received signal, and/or modulate and encode the signal to be transmitted.
  • the terminal device communicates using the backscatter technology, the terminal does not need to consume battery energy. Therefore, for this kind of terminal, "zero power consumption" is mainly reflected in the scenario where the terminal uses the backscatter technology for communication.
  • the above-mentioned active zero-power consumption terminal can be an electronic tag
  • the network device can be an RFID reader-writer.
  • the built-in battery can supply power to the RFID chip in the terminal to increase the distance between the RFID reader-writer and the electronic tag. The reading and writing distance between them.
  • the built-in battery can supply power to the RFID chip in the terminal, so as to shorten the reading and writing delay of the RFID reader to the electronic tag, which is conducive to improving the reliability of communication.
  • the zero-power consumption terminal Before the zero-power consumption terminal communicates, it usually needs to obtain energy based on the wireless energy supply signal sent by the network device. At present, in order to ensure that the terminal can obtain enough energy based on the wireless power supply signal, a relatively conservative sending time is usually predefined for the network device to send the wireless power supply signal.
  • the energy required by different terminals is not necessarily the same.
  • the terminal may obtain enough energy through wireless power supply signals after a period of time shorter than the conservative transmission time. , if the above-mentioned conservative transmission duration is still used to transmit the wireless power supply signal, resources will be wasted.
  • the terminal can obtain enough energy after a period of time shorter than the conservative transmission time. signal, it will waste the power of the network equipment.
  • the terminal can obtain enough energy after a period of time shorter than the conservative transmission time. signal, it may interfere with other signals.
  • this application provides a communication method.
  • the terminal can send wireless power supply parameters to the network device to indicate the energy required by the network device terminal.
  • the network device can determine the wireless power supply parameters based on the wireless power supply parameters. The duration of sending the signal.
  • wireless energy supply parameters are used to refer to a type of information that has the above functions or includes various parameters described below.
  • a type of information that has the above functions or includes various parameters described below may also be parameters or information with other names specified in future agreements. This embodiment of the present application does not limit it.
  • the above wireless energy supply parameters include one or more of the following parameters: energy collection efficiency of the terminal; energy collection speed of the terminal; collection time required for the terminal to collect preset energy; and signal strength of a signal received by the terminal.
  • the above parameters will be introduced one by one below.
  • Parameter 1 The collection time required for the terminal to collect preset energy.
  • the aforementioned preset energy may be understood as the energy required by the terminal to work normally.
  • the normal operation of the terminal may include, for example, one or more operations of the terminal receiving a signal, demodulating a signal, modulating a signal, and encoding a signal.
  • the collection time required for the terminal to collect the preset energy may be understood as the collection time required for the terminal to collect the preset energy when the network device sends a wireless power supply signal.
  • the preset energy corresponding to different terminals may be different, and the preset energy of the terminal may be related to the type of the terminal, the working condition of the terminal, and the hardware parameters of the terminal.
  • the hardware parameters of the terminal may be, for example, parameters of an energy collection module (also called "energy receiver") of the terminal.
  • the terminal obtains the collection time.
  • the above acquisition time may be pre-configured in the terminal through testing before the terminal leaves the factory.
  • the collection time of the terminal may change with the working conditions of the energy harvesting module, or with the working conditions of the terminal.
  • the terminal can calculate the above collection time. For example, the terminal may determine the collection time based on historical wireless power supply signals. The embodiment of the present application does not limit the manner in which the terminal acquires the collection time.
  • the second parameter is the energy collection efficiency of the terminal.
  • the energy collection efficiency of the terminal can be characterized by the ratio between the energy when the signal reaches the terminal and the energy obtained by the terminal collecting the signal.
  • the energy collection efficiency will affect the energy collection time, and then affect the transmission duration of the wireless power supply signal. For example, for a terminal with higher energy collection efficiency, the time required to collect enough energy is shorter, and correspondingly, the transmission time of the wireless power supply signal is shorter. For another example, for a terminal with low energy collection efficiency, it takes a long time to collect enough energy, and correspondingly, the transmission time of the wireless power supply signal will be long.
  • the signal strength of the wireless power supply signal when it reaches the terminal will also affect the time required for the terminal to collect sufficient energy.
  • the energy collection efficiency of the terminal remains unchanged, if the terminal is closer to the network device, the energy of the wireless power supply signal received by the terminal is stronger, and the energy of the wireless power supply signal collected by the terminal is more, In this way, the terminal can obtain sufficient energy in a short period of time.
  • the energy collection efficiency of the terminal remains unchanged, the farther the terminal is from the network equipment, the weaker the energy of the wireless power supply signal received by the terminal, the lower the energy of the wireless power supply signal collected by the terminal. In this way, it takes a long time for the terminal to obtain enough energy.
  • the above sufficient energy may be understood as the energy required by the terminal to work normally.
  • the normal operation of the terminal may include, for example, one or more operations of the terminal receiving a signal, demodulating a signal, modulating a signal, and encoding a signal.
  • the energy collection efficiency of the terminal is not fixed.
  • the stronger the energy the higher the energy collection efficiency of the terminal.
  • the energy collection efficiency of the terminal is lower.
  • the energy collection efficiency of the terminal may be 50%.
  • the wireless energy supply signal reaches the terminal, the energy is 20 mWh, and the energy collection efficiency of the terminal can be 20%. Therefore, the terminal calculates its own energy collection efficiency in real time, which is conducive to improving the accuracy of determining the transmission duration of the wireless energy supply signal.
  • the energy collection efficiency corresponding to different terminals may be different, and the energy collection efficiency of the terminal may be related to the type of the terminal, the working condition of the terminal, and the hardware parameters of the terminal.
  • the hardware parameters of the terminal may be, for example, parameters of an energy collection module (also called "energy receiver") of the terminal.
  • the energy collection efficiency of the terminal may be pre-configured in the terminal through testing before the terminal leaves the factory.
  • the above-mentioned energy collection efficiency of the terminal may also be calculated by the terminal in real time based on historical data. For example, the terminal may determine based on the ratio between the energy of the historical wireless power supply signal arriving at the terminal and the energy obtained after the terminal collects the signal.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the manner in which the terminal obtains the energy collection efficiency.
  • the third parameter is the energy collection speed of the terminal.
  • the energy collection speed of the terminal can be characterized by the energy obtained by the terminal collecting the wireless energy supply signal within a unit time.
  • the energy collection speed will affect the energy collection time, and then affect the transmission duration of the wireless power supply signal. For example, for a terminal with a higher energy collection speed, the time required to collect enough energy is shorter, and correspondingly, the transmission time of the wireless power supply signal is shorter. For another example, for a terminal with a low energy collection speed, it takes a long time to collect enough energy, and correspondingly, the transmission time of the wireless power supply signal will be long.
  • the signal strength of the wireless power supply signal when it reaches the terminal will also affect the time required for the terminal to collect enough energy.
  • the energy collection speed of the terminal remains unchanged, if the terminal is closer to the network device, the energy of the wireless power supply signal received by the terminal is stronger, and the energy of the wireless power supply signal collected by the terminal is more, In this way, the terminal can obtain sufficient energy in a short period of time.
  • the energy collection speed of the terminal remains unchanged, the farther the terminal is from the network equipment, the weaker the energy of the wireless power supply signal received by the terminal, the lower the energy of the wireless power supply signal collected by the terminal. In this way, it takes a long time for the terminal to obtain enough energy.
  • the normal operation of the terminal may include, for example, one or more operations of the terminal receiving a signal, demodulating a signal, modulating a signal, and encoding a signal.
  • different terminals may have different energy collection speeds, and the energy collection speed of a terminal may be related to the type of terminal, working conditions of the terminal, and hardware parameters of the terminal.
  • the hardware parameters of the terminal may be, for example, parameters of an energy collection module (also called "energy receiver") of the terminal.
  • the above-mentioned energy collection speed of the terminal may be pre-configured in the terminal through testing before the terminal leaves the factory.
  • the above-mentioned energy collection speed of the terminal may also be calculated by the terminal in real time based on historical data.
  • the terminal may determine the energy collection speed of the terminal based on the total energy obtained by collecting energy from historical wireless energy supply signals per unit time.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the manner in which the terminal obtains the energy collection speed.
  • Parameter four the signal strength of the signal received by the terminal.
  • the above signal received by the terminal can be understood as a signal sent by the network device to the terminal, where the network device may be a network device that needs to send a wireless power supply signal to the terminal.
  • the signal strength of the signal received by the terminal will affect the energy collection time of the terminal, thereby affecting the transmission duration of the wireless power supply signal. For example, if the signal strength of the signal received by the terminal is relatively high, the time required for the terminal to collect enough energy is relatively short, and correspondingly, the transmission time of the wireless power supply signal is relatively short. For another example, if the signal strength of the signal received by the terminal is low, it takes a long time for the terminal to collect enough energy, and correspondingly, the transmission time of the wireless power supply signal will be long.
  • the normal operation of the terminal may include, for example, one or more operations of the terminal receiving a signal, demodulating a signal, modulating a signal, and encoding a signal.
  • the signal strengths of signals received by different terminals may be different, and the signal strength may be related to information such as the distance between the terminal and the network device, the transmission path of the signal, and the like.
  • the foregoing signal strength may be calculated by the terminal in real time based on historical data.
  • the terminal may detect the historical signal sent by the network device to determine the signal strength.
  • the foregoing signal strength may also be sent by other terminals to the terminal, where the distance between the other terminal and the network device is similar to the distance between the terminal and the network device.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the manner in which the terminal obtains the signal strength.
  • the communication method described in FIG. 10 may include step S1010.
  • step S1010 the terminal sends the above wireless power supply parameters to the network device.
  • the terminal can send the wireless power supply parameter to the network device to indicate the energy required by the network device terminal, so that the network device can determine the transmission duration of the wireless power supply signal based on the wireless power supply parameter, which is beneficial Improved utilization of resources within a communication system.
  • the network device uses the transmission time corresponding to the energy exceeding the terminal demand (that is, the conservative transmission time) to send the wireless power supply signal, resulting in the waste of resources.
  • the foregoing wireless power supply parameters may be carried in radio resource control (radio resource control, RRC) signaling.
  • RRC radio resource control
  • the above wireless power supply parameters may be borne in a medium access control control element (medium access control control element, MAC CE).
  • the network device may determine the first transmission duration of the wireless power supply signal based on the wireless power supply parameter. That is to say, the above method further includes step S1020 to step S1030.
  • step S1020 the network device determines a first transmission duration of the wireless power supply signal based on the wireless power supply parameter.
  • the network device may determine the first transmission duration based on the received wireless power supply parameter, the association relationship between the preset wireless power supply parameter and the transmission duration.
  • the preset correlation between the wireless power supply parameter and the transmission duration may be, for example, a functional relationship, and accordingly, the network device calculates the first transmission duration based on the received wireless power supply parameter and the functional relationship.
  • the preset association relationship between the wireless power supply parameter and the transmission duration may also be, for example, a mapping table, in which the wireless power supply parameter may be divided into multiple levels, and different levels correspond to different transmission durations. In this way, the network device may determine a corresponding level based on the received wireless power supply parameter, and determine the first transmission duration based on the corresponding level.
  • step S1030 the network device sends the wireless power supply signal to the terminal with a first sending duration.
  • the sending duration of the network device for sending the wireless power supply signal may also be slightly longer than the first sending duration.
  • the network device may send the wireless power supply signal with a second sending duration, wherein the second sending duration is longer than the first sending duration.
  • the mobile state of the terminal also affects the effective time of the wireless power supply parameter to a certain extent.
  • the environment where the terminal is located affects the quality of signal transmission, and at this time, the parameters of the wireless power supply will change.
  • the distance between the terminal and the network device will also change, and at this time, the wireless power supply parameters will also change.
  • the wireless power supply parameter changes, the transmission duration of the wireless power supply signal determined by the network device may no longer be accurate. Therefore, in order to ensure the accuracy of the network device in determining the transmission duration of the wireless power supply signal, the terminal may also send indication information to the network device, and indicate the mobile state of the terminal as stationary or moving through the indication information.
  • the effective duration of the wireless power supply parameters sent by the terminal is longer, or the wireless power supply parameters sent by the terminal can remain unchanged for a long period of time, and accordingly, network devices can
  • the wireless power supply signal is sent using the same sending duration for a long period of time.
  • the effective duration of the wireless power supply parameters sent by the terminal is short, or in other words, the wireless power supply parameters of the terminal are changing.
  • the terminal needs to report the wireless power supply in real time as the location moves. parameter, so that the network device can update the sending time of the wireless power supply parameter in real time.
  • the terminal may only send the wireless power supply parameters to the network device once before moving next time.
  • the terminal may also periodically send the wireless power supply parameter to the network device in a relatively long period.
  • the terminal may periodically send wireless power supply parameters to the network device in a short period.
  • the terminal may determine the timing of sending the wireless power supply parameter to the network device according to the degree of change of the wireless power supply parameter. For example, when the terminal detects that the change degree of the wireless power supply parameter is higher than the threshold, the terminal sends the changed wireless power supply parameter to the network device.
  • the terminal detects that the change degree of the wireless power supply parameter is lower than the threshold, the terminal does not send the changed wireless power supply parameter to the network device.
  • the data to be transmitted between the terminal and the network device (for example, service data) is periodic, and the amount of data transmitted in each period is relatively fixed.
  • the data to be transmitted may be sent by the terminal to the network device, or may be sent by the network device to the terminal.
  • the terminal usually reports environmental monitoring data to network devices periodically in a certain business cycle, and the data volume of the environmental monitoring data is relatively fixed.
  • the terminal usually reports industrial monitoring data to network devices periodically in a certain business cycle, and the data volume of the industrial monitoring data is relatively fixed.
  • the terminal can transmit data in an unlicensed transmission manner.
  • the network device in the authorization-free transmission, can configure the configuration signaling of the authorization-free transmission to the terminal at one time. transfer data. The network device does not need to schedule the terminal when the terminal transmits data.
  • the terminal itself cannot provide energy for receiving or sending data, even if the network device sends configuration signaling for authorization-free transmission to the terminal. , and the terminal cannot independently perform authorization-free transmission.
  • this application also provides a communication method.
  • the network device can provide energy for the terminal to perform authorization-free transmission by sending a wireless power supply signal to the terminal, so that the terminal can perform authorization-free transmission, so as to reduce network equipment.
  • the overhead generated by the terminal configuring resources for transmitting data will introduce a communication method according to another embodiment of the present application with reference to FIG. 12 .
  • Fig. 12 is a flowchart of a communication method according to another embodiment of the present application. The method shown in FIG. 12 includes steps S1210 to S1220.
  • step S1210 the network device sends a wireless power supply signal to the terminal.
  • the network device may send a wireless power supply signal to the terminal by using the method shown in FIG. 10 .
  • the network device may also send a wireless power supply signal to the terminal in a traditional manner.
  • step S1220 the terminal communicates with the network device based on authorization-free transmission.
  • the above-mentioned terminal communicates with the network device in an authorization-free manner, which may include the terminal sending data to the network device in an authorization-free transmission manner, or the terminal receiving data sent by the network device in an authorization-free transmission manner.
  • the wireless powering signal is transmitted periodically, and the period of transmitting the wireless powering signal is the same as the period of the license-free transmission.
  • the communication process in this embodiment of the present application is introduced below with reference to FIG. 13 .
  • the network device occupies time domain resource 1 to transmit configuration information of unlicensed transmission to the terminal, and the configuration information is used to configure the terminal to perform unlicensed transmission on the unlicensed transmission resource at period 1.
  • the network device also takes period 1 as a period, and occupies the target time domain resource before the authorization-free resource to send a wireless power supply signal for the terminal.
  • the terminal takes period 1 as a period to receive the wireless power supply signal on the target time domain resource to obtain energy, and receive or send data on the license-free resource after the target time domain resource.
  • the last time domain symbol of the above target time domain resource may be adjacent to the first symbol of the license-free resource, so that the terminal can transmit and receive data immediately after obtaining sufficient energy through the wireless power supply signal.
  • the last time domain symbol of the target time domain resource and the first symbol of the unlicensed resource may not be adjacent, for example, a few symbols apart, so that after the terminal obtains enough energy, some time is reserved , to allow the terminal to perform signal processing or obtain data to be transmitted.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the positional relationship between the target time domain resource and the authorization-free resource.
  • the signal processing performed by the terminal may include the terminal performing an encoding operation on the data to be sent.
  • the signal processing performed by the terminal may also include the terminal performing a modulation operation on the data to be transmitted.
  • acquiring the data to be transmitted by the terminal may include, for example, collecting the data to be transmitted by the terminal through a sensing device.
  • time synchronization with the network device is required to ensure the accuracy of data transmission.
  • this terminal when this terminal is not communicating with the network device (for example, does not need to receive data sent by the network device, or does not need to send data to the network device), it is usually in a powerless state. In the shutdown state (or sleep state), the terminal does not have enough energy to maintain the clock at this time. When the terminal is awakened from the sleep state to receive or send data, the terminal usually cannot synchronize with the network device. In this way, data cannot be transmitted correctly between the terminal and the network device.
  • the network device may send a synchronization signal or a synchronization channel to the terminal before transmitting data, so that the terminal and the network device are synchronized.
  • the position of the time domain resource occupied by the synchronization signal or the synchronization channel may be behind the position of the time domain resource occupied by the wireless power supply signal.
  • the network device may send a synchronization signal or a synchronization channel to the terminal.
  • the above-mentioned synchronization channel or synchronization signal may be included in the wireless power supply signal, and at this time, the terminal may synchronize with the network device while receiving the wireless power supply signal.
  • the aforementioned synchronization channel is used to carry an index of a time unit, where the time unit may be, for example, a time slot or a subframe.
  • the network device occupies time domain resource 1 to transmit configuration information of unlicensed transmission to the terminal, and the configuration information is used to configure the terminal to perform unlicensed transmission on the unlicensed transmission resource at period 1.
  • the network device occupies the target time domain resource 1 to send a wireless power supply signal for the terminal, and occupies the target time domain resource 2 to send a synchronization signal for the terminal.
  • the target time domain resource 1 and the target time domain resource 2 are periodically configured transmission resources, and the configuration period is also period 1 .
  • the time domain position of the target time domain resource 1 is earlier than the time domain position of the target time domain resource 2 .
  • the time domain position of the target time domain resource 2 is earlier than the time domain position of the license-free transmission resource.
  • the terminal takes period 1 as a period, receives wireless power supply signal on target time domain resource 1 to obtain energy, receives synchronization signal on target time domain resource 2 to synchronize with network equipment, and receives or send data.
  • the last time domain symbol of the above-mentioned target time domain resource 2 may be adjacent to the first symbol of the license-free resource, so that the terminal can transmit and receive data immediately after synchronizing with the network device through a synchronization signal.
  • the last time domain symbol of the above-mentioned target time domain resource 2 may not be adjacent to the first symbol of the authorization-free resource, for example, a few symbols apart, so that enough space can be reserved for synchronization between the terminal and the network device. time. This embodiment of the present application does not limit it.
  • the last time domain symbol of the target time domain resource 1 may be adjacent to the first symbol of the target time domain resource 2, so that the terminal can immediately synchronize based on the synchronization signal after obtaining sufficient energy through the wireless power supply signal.
  • the last time domain symbol of the target time domain resource 1 and the first symbol of the target time domain resource 2 may not be adjacent, for example, a few symbols apart, so as to reserve time for terminal synchronization. This embodiment of the present application does not limit it.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of a terminal according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the terminal 1500 shown in FIG. 15 includes a sending unit 1510 .
  • the sending unit 1510 is configured to send wireless energy supply parameters, wherein the wireless energy supply parameters include one or more of the following parameters: energy collection efficiency of the terminal; energy collection speed of the terminal; collection time required for the terminal to collect preset energy; and the signal strength of the signal received by the terminal.
  • the terminal further includes: a first receiving unit, configured to receive a wireless power supply signal sent by the network device with a first transmission duration, and the first transmission duration is determined based on a wireless power supply parameter.
  • a first receiving unit configured to receive a wireless power supply signal sent by the network device with a first transmission duration, and the first transmission duration is determined based on a wireless power supply parameter.
  • the wireless power supply signal is a signal transmitted periodically, and the period of transmitting the wireless power supply signal is the same as that of the authorization-free transmission.
  • the wireless power supply signal includes a first synchronization signal or a first synchronization channel; the terminal further includes: a first processing unit configured to synchronize with the network device based on the first synchronization signal or the first synchronization channel.
  • the terminal further includes: a second receiving unit, configured to receive a second synchronization signal or a second synchronization channel sent by the network device, where the time domain resource occupied by the second synchronization signal or the second synchronization channel is later than that of the wireless power supply signal Occupied time domain resources; a second processing unit configured to synchronize with the network device based on the second synchronization signal or the second synchronization channel.
  • a second receiving unit configured to receive a second synchronization signal or a second synchronization channel sent by the network device, where the time domain resource occupied by the second synchronization signal or the second synchronization channel is later than that of the wireless power supply signal Occupied time domain resources
  • a second processing unit configured to synchronize with the network device based on the second synchronization signal or the second synchronization channel.
  • the sending unit is configured to send indication information to the network device, where the indication information is used to indicate that the mobile state of the terminal is stationary or moving.
  • the wireless power supply parameter is carried in the radio resource control RRC signaling or the medium access control control element MAC CE.
  • Fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of a terminal according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • the terminal 1600 shown in FIG. 16 includes a receiving unit 1610 and a communication unit 1620 .
  • the receiving unit 1610 is configured to receive the wireless power supply signal sent by the network device
  • the communication unit 1620 is configured to send data to the network device in an authorization-free transmission manner, or receive data sent by the network device in an authorization-free transmission manner.
  • the wireless power supply signal includes a first synchronization signal or a first synchronization channel
  • the terminal further includes: a first processing unit, configured to synchronize with the network device based on the first synchronization signal or the first synchronization channel.
  • the receiving unit is configured to receive the second synchronization signal or the second synchronization channel sent by the network device, and the position of the time domain resource occupied by the second synchronization signal or the second synchronization channel is located in the time domain resource occupied by the wireless power supply signal After the location; the second processing unit is configured to synchronize with the network device based on the second synchronization signal or the second synchronization channel.
  • the wireless power supply signal is a signal transmitted periodically, and the period of transmitting the wireless power supply signal is the same as that of the authorization-free transmission.
  • the first synchronization channel is used to carry the index of the time unit.
  • the second synchronization channel is used to carry the index of the time unit.
  • Fig. 17 is a schematic diagram of a network device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the network device 1700 shown in FIG. 17 includes a receiving unit 1710 .
  • the receiving unit 1710 is configured to receive wireless energy supply parameters of the terminal, wherein the wireless energy supply parameters include one or more of the following parameters: energy collection efficiency of the terminal; energy collection speed of the terminal; collection required by the terminal to collect preset energy time; and the signal strength of the signal received by the terminal.
  • the network device further includes: a processing unit, configured to determine a first transmission duration for sending a wireless power supply signal based on a wireless power supply parameter; a first sending unit, configured to send the wireless power supply signal to the terminal with the first transmission duration can signal.
  • the terminal transmits data in an authorization-free transmission manner
  • the wireless power supply signal is a periodic transmission signal
  • the period of transmitting the wireless power supply signal is the same as the period of the authorization-free transmission.
  • the wireless power supply signal includes a first synchronization signal or a first synchronization channel.
  • the network device further includes: a second sending unit, configured to send a second synchronization signal or a second synchronization channel to the terminal, where the time domain resource occupied by the second synchronization signal or the second synchronization channel is later than that occupied by the wireless power supply signal time-domain resources.
  • a second sending unit configured to send a second synchronization signal or a second synchronization channel to the terminal, where the time domain resource occupied by the second synchronization signal or the second synchronization channel is later than that occupied by the wireless power supply signal time-domain resources.
  • the receiving unit is configured to receive indication information sent by the terminal, where the indication information is used to indicate that the mobile state of the terminal is stationary or moving.
  • the wireless power supply parameters are carried in RRC signaling or MAC CE.
  • Fig. 18 is a schematic diagram of a network device according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • the network device 1800 shown in FIG. 18 includes a sending unit 1810 and a communication unit 1820 .
  • a sending unit 1810 configured to send a wireless power supply signal to the terminal
  • the communication unit 1820 is configured to receive data sent by the terminal in an authorization-free transmission manner, or send data to the terminal in an authorization-free transmission manner.
  • the wireless power supply signal includes a first synchronization signal or a first synchronization channel.
  • the sending unit is configured to send a second synchronization signal or a second synchronization channel to the terminal, where the time domain resource occupied by the second synchronization signal or the second synchronization channel is later than the time domain resource occupied by the wireless power supply signal.
  • the wireless power supply signal is a signal transmitted periodically, and the period of transmitting the wireless power supply signal is the same as that of the authorization-free transmission.
  • the first synchronization channel is used to carry the index of the time unit.
  • the second synchronization channel is used to carry the index of the time unit.
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the dashed line in Figure 19 indicates that the unit or module is optional.
  • the apparatus 1900 may be used to implement the methods described in the foregoing method embodiments.
  • Apparatus 1900 may be a chip, a terminal device or a network device.
  • Apparatus 1900 may include one or more processors 1910 .
  • the processor 1910 can support the device 1900 to implement the methods described in the foregoing method embodiments.
  • the processor 1910 may be a general purpose processor or a special purpose processor.
  • the processor may be a central processing unit (central processing unit, CPU).
  • the processor can also be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (digital signal processors, DSPs), application specific integrated circuits (application specific integrated circuits, ASICs), off-the-shelf programmable gate arrays (field programmable gate arrays, FPGAs) Or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc.
  • a general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, or the processor may be any conventional processor, or the like.
  • Apparatus 1900 may also include one or more memories 1920 .
  • a program is stored in the memory 1920, and the program can be executed by the processor 1910, so that the processor 1910 executes the methods described in the foregoing method embodiments.
  • the memory 1920 can be independent from the processor 1910 or can be integrated in the processor 1910 .
  • Apparatus 1900 may also include a transceiver 1930 .
  • the processor 1910 can communicate with other devices or chips through the transceiver 1930 .
  • the processor 1910 may send and receive data with other devices or chips through the transceiver 1930 .
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium for storing programs.
  • the computer-readable storage medium can be applied to the terminal or the network device provided in the embodiments of the present application, and the program enables the computer to execute the methods performed by the terminal or the network device in the various embodiments of the present application.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a computer program product.
  • the computer program product includes programs.
  • the computer program product can be applied to the terminal or the network device provided in the embodiments of the present application, and the program enables the computer to execute the methods performed by the terminal or the network device in the various embodiments of the present application.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a computer program.
  • the computer program can be applied to the terminal or the network device provided in the embodiments of the present application, and the computer program enables the computer to execute the methods performed by the terminal or the network device in the various embodiments of the present application.
  • the "indication" mentioned may be a direct indication, may also be an indirect indication, and may also mean that there is an association relationship.
  • a indicates B which can mean that A directly indicates B, for example, B can be obtained through A; it can also indicate that A indirectly indicates B, for example, A indicates C, and B can be obtained through C; it can also indicate that there is an association between A and B relation.
  • B corresponding to A means that B is associated with A, and B can be determined according to A.
  • determining B according to A does not mean determining B only according to A, and B may also be determined according to A and/or other information.
  • the term "corresponding" may indicate that there is a direct or indirect correspondence between the two, or that there is an association between the two, or that it indicates and is instructed, configures and is configured, etc. relation.
  • predefined or “preconfigured” can be realized by pre-saving corresponding codes, tables or other methods that can be used to indicate relevant information in devices (for example, including terminal devices and network devices).
  • the application does not limit its specific implementation.
  • pre-defined may refer to defined in the protocol.
  • the "protocol” may refer to a standard protocol in the communication field, for example, may include the LTE protocol, the NR protocol, and related protocols applied to future communication systems, which is not limited in the present application.
  • serial numbers of the above-mentioned processes do not mean the order of execution, and the execution order of each process should be determined by its functions and internal logic, rather than the implementation process of the embodiments of the present application. constitute any limitation.
  • the disclosed systems, devices and methods may be implemented in other ways.
  • the device embodiments described above are only illustrative.
  • the division of the units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods.
  • multiple units or components can be combined or May be integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored, or not implemented.
  • the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces, and the indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units may be in electrical, mechanical or other forms.
  • the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple network units. Part or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.
  • each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, each unit may exist separately physically, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
  • all or part of them may be implemented by software, hardware, firmware or any combination thereof.
  • software When implemented using software, it may be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product.
  • the computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on the computer, the processes or functions according to the embodiments of the present application will be generated in whole or in part.
  • the computer can be a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable devices.
  • the computer instructions may be stored in or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium, for example, the computer instructions may be transmitted from a website, computer, server or data center Transmission to another website site, computer, server or data center by wired (such as coaxial cable, optical fiber, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (such as infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.).
  • the computer-readable storage medium may be any available medium that can be read by a computer, or a data storage device such as a server or a data center integrated with one or more available media.
  • the available medium may be a magnetic medium (for example, a floppy disk, a hard disk, a magnetic tape), an optical medium (for example, a digital versatile disc (digital video disc, DVD)) or a semiconductor medium (for example, a solid state disk (solid state disk, SSD) )wait.
  • a magnetic medium for example, a floppy disk, a hard disk, a magnetic tape
  • an optical medium for example, a digital versatile disc (digital video disc, DVD)
  • a semiconductor medium for example, a solid state disk (solid state disk, SSD)

Abstract

一种通信方法、终端及网络设备。方法包括：终端发送无线供能参数，其中，无线供能参数包含以下一种或多种参数：终端的能量采集效率；终端的能量采集速度；终端采集预设能量所需的采集时间；以及终端接收的信号的信号强度。终端可以通过向网络设备发送无线供能参数，以指示网络设备终端所需的能量，这样，网络设备可以基于无线供能参数确定无线供能信号的发送时长，有利于提高通信系统中资源的利用率。避免了传统的无线供能信号传输过程中，网络设备采用超过终端需求的能量对应的发送时长，即保守的发送时长，来发送无线供能信号，导致的资源浪费的问题。

Description

通信方法、终端及网络设备 技术领域
本申请涉及通信技术领域，并且更为具体地，涉及通信方法、终端及网络设备。
背景技术
终端(例如，零功耗终端)在进行通信之前，通常需要基于网络设备发送的无线供能信号来获取能量。目前，为了保证终端可以基于无线供能信号来获取足够的能量，通常会为网络设备预定义一个比较保守的发送时长来发送无线供能信号。
然而，不同终端所需的能量不一定相同，对于所需能量较少的终端而言，终端可能经过短于保守的发送时长的时间段，便可以通过无线供能信号来获取足够的能量，此时，如果依然采用上述保守的发送时长来发送无线供能信号，则会导致资源浪费。
发明内容
本申请提供一种通信方法、网络设备和终端设备，以提高通信系统中资源的利用率。
第一方面，提供了一种通信方法，包括：终端发送无线供能参数，其中，所述无线供能参数包含以下一种或多种参数：所述终端的能量采集效率；所述终端的能量采集速度；所述终端采集预设能量所需的采集时间；以及所述终端接收的信号的信号强度。
第二方面，提供一种通信方法，包括：终端接收网络设备发送的无线供能信号；所述终端以免授权传输的方式向所述网络设备发送数据，或，所述终端以免授权传输的方式接收所述网络设备发送的数据。
第三方面，提供一种通信方法，包括：网络设备接收终端的无线供能参数，其中，所述无线供能参数包含以下一种或多种参数：所述终端的能量采集效率；所述终端的能量采集速度；所述终端采集预设能量所需的采集时间；以及所述终端接收的信号的信号强度。
第四方面，提供一种通信方法，包括：网络设备向终端发送无线供能信号；所述网络设备接收所述终端以免授权传输的方式发送的数据；或，所述网络设备向所述终端以免授权传输的方式发送信息。
第五方面，提供一种终端，包括存储器和处理器，所述存储器用于存储程序，所述处理器用于调用所述存储器中的程序，以执行第一方面或第二方面所述的方法。
第六方面，提供一种网络设备，包括存储器和处理器，所述存储器用于存储程序，所述处理器用于调用所述存储器中的程序，以执行第三方面或第四方面所述的方法。
第七方面，提供一种装置，包括处理器，用于从存储器中调用程序，以执行第一方面或第二方面所述的方法。
第八方面，提供一种装置，包括处理器，用于从存储器中调用程序，以执行第三方面或第四方面所述的方法。
第九方面，提供一种芯片，包括处理器，用于从存储器调用程序，使得安装有所述芯片的设备执行第一方面或第二方面所述的方法。
第十方面，提供一种芯片，包括处理器，用于从存储器调用程序，使得安装有所述芯片的设备执行第三方面或第四方面所述的方法。
第十一方面，提供一种计算机可读存储介质，其上存储有程序，所述程序使得计算机执行第一方面或第二方面所述的方法。
第十二方面，提供一种计算机可读存储介质，其上存储有程序，所述程序使得计算机执行第三方面或第四方面所述的方法。
第十三方面，提供一种计算机程序产品，包括程序，所述程序使得计算机执行第一方面或第二方面所述的方法。
第十四方面，提供一种计算机程序产品，包括程序，所述程序使得计算机执行第三方面或第四方面所述的方法。
第十五方面，提供一种计算机程序，所述计算机程序使得计算机执行第一方面或第二方面所述的方法。
第十六方面，提供一种计算机程序，所述计算机程序使得计算机执行第三方面或第四方面所述的方法。
终端可以通过向网络设备发送无线供能参数，以指示网络设备终端所需的能量，这样，网络设备可以基于无线供能参数确定无线供能信号的发送时长，有利于提高通信系统中资源内的利用率。避免了传统的无线供能信号传输过程中，网络设备采用超过终端需求的能量对应的发送时长(即保守的发送时长)，来发送无线供能信号，导致的资源浪费的问题。
附图说明
图1是本申请实施例应用的无线通信系统100。
图2示出了能量采集模块的一种可能的结构。
图3示出了本申请实施例的反向散射通信原理。
图4示出了基于电阻负载调制技术的终端的电路图。
图5是NRZ编码的编码方式的示意图。
图6是曼彻斯特编码的编码方式的示意图。
图7是单极性归零编码的编码方式的示意图。
图8是DBP编码的编码方式的示意图。
图9是米勒编码的编码方式的示意图。
图10是本申请实施例的通信方法的流程图。
图11是免授权传输的示意图。
图12是本申请另一实施例的通信方法的流程图。
图13是本申请另一实施例的通信方法的示意图。
图14是本申请实施例的同步过程的示意图。
图15是本申请实施例的终端的示意图。
图16是本申请另一实施例的终端的示意图。
图17是本申请实施例的网络设备的示意图。
图18是本申请另一实施例的网络设备的示意图。
图19是本申请实施例的通信装置的示意性结构图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图，对本申请中的技术方案进行描述。
随着无线通信技术的发展，希望将无线通信系统与物流、制造、运输、能源等各个垂直行业进行融合，例如，可以将无线通信系统与工业无线传感器网络(industrial wireless sensor network，IWSN)进行融合。又例如，可以将无线通信系统与智慧物流和智慧仓储进行融合。又例如，可以将无线通信系统与智能家庭网络进行融合。
然而，在这些行业中，终端通常需要具备较低的成本、较小的尺寸(如超薄)、免维护、长寿命等特点。因此，为了满足上述条件，网络设备和终端之间可以采用零功耗通信技术进行通信，在这种情况下，终端又可以称为“零功耗通信终端”。
下文结合图1至图9介绍零功耗通信技术和零功耗终端。图1是本申请实施例适用的零功耗通信系统100的架构。图1所示的架构包括网络设备110和终端120。其中，网络设备110可以是与终端设备120通信的设备。网络设备110可以为特定的地理区域提供通信覆盖，并且可以与位于该覆盖区域内的终端设备120进行通信。
网络设备110用于向终端120发送无线供能信号以为终端供能。相应地，终端120可 以通过反向散射信号向网络设备110发送数据。在一些实现方式中，上述无线供能信号中还可以承载网络设备110向终端120发送的数据或控制信息。当然，上述无线供能信号还可以仅用于供能，本申请实施例对此不作限定。
需要说明的是，图1示例性地示出了一个网络设备和一个终端，可选地，该通信系统100可以包括多个网络设备并且每个网络设备的覆盖范围内可以包括其它数量的终端设备，本申请实施例对此不做限定。
另外，在一些实现方式中，该通信系统100还可以包括网络控制器、移动管理实体等其他网络实体，本申请实施例对此不作限定。
应理解，本申请实施例的技术方案可以应用于各种通信系统，例如：第五代(5th generation，5G)系统或新无线(new radio，NR)、长期演进(long term evolution，LTE)系统、LTE频分双工(frequency division duplex，FDD)系统、LTE时分双工(time division duplex，TDD)、蜂窝物联网等。本申请提供的技术方案还可以应用于未来的通信系统，如第六代移动通信系统等等。
本申请实施例中的终端也可以称为用户设备(user equipment，UE)、接入终端、用户单元、用户站、移动站、移动台(mobile station，MS)、移动终端(mobile terminal，MT)、远方站、远程终端、移动设备、用户终端、终端设备、无线通信设备、用户代理或用户装置。本申请实施例中的终端设备可以是指向用户提供语音和/或数据连通性的设备，可以用于连接人、物和机，例如具有无线连接功能的家用电器、传感器、电子标签等。本申请的实施例中的终端可以是智能家庭(smart home)中的无线终端、IWSN中的无线终端、智慧物流和智慧仓储中的无线终端、无人驾驶(self driving)中的无线终端、远程手术(remote medical surgery)中的无线终端、智能电网(smart grid)中的无线终端、运输安全(transportation safety)中的无线终端、智慧城市(smart city)中的无线终端等。
本申请实施例中的网络设备可以是用于与终端设备通信的设备。若终端为电子标签时，网络设备可以是用于对电子标签进行读写的读写器(例如，基于射频识别(radio frequency identification，RFID)技术的读写器)。该网络设备也可以是接入网设备或无线接入网设备，如网络设备可以是基站。本申请实施例中的网络设备可以是指将终端设备接入到无线网络的无线接入网(radio access network，RAN)节点(或设备)。基站可以广义的覆盖如下中的各种名称，或与如下名称进行替换，比如：节点B(NodeB)、演进型基站(evolved NodeB，eNB)、下一代基站(next generation NodeB，gNB)、中继站、接入点、传输点(transmitting and receiving point，TRP)、发射点(transmitting point，TP)、主站MeNB、辅站SeNB、多制式无线(MSR)节点、家庭基站、网络控制器、接入节点、无线节点、接入点(access point，AP)、传输节点、收发节点、基带单元(base band unit，BBU)、射频拉远单元(Remote Radio Unit，RRU)、有源天线单元(active antenna unit，AAU)、射频头(remote radio head，RRH)、中心单元(central unit，CU)、分布式单元(distributed unit，DU)、定位节点等。基站可以是宏基站、微基站、中继节点、施主节点或类似物，或其组合。基站还可以指用于设置于前述设备或装置内的通信模块、调制解调器或芯片。基站还可以是移动交换中心以及设备到设备D2D、车辆外联(vehicle-to-everything，V2X)、机器到机器(machine-to-machine，M2M)通信中承担基站功能的设备、6G网络中的网络侧设备、未来的通信系统中承担基站功能的设备等。基站可以支持相同或不同接入技术的网络。本申请的实施例对网络设备所采用的具体技术和具体设备形态不做限定。
基站可以是固定的，也可以是移动的。例如，直升机或无人机可以被配置成充当移动基站，一个或多个小区可以根据该移动基站的位置移动。在其他示例中，直升机或无人机可以被配置成用作与另一基站通信的设备。
在一些部署中，本申请实施例中的网络设备可以是指CU或者DU，或者，网络设备包括CU和DU。gNB还可以包括AAU。
网络设备和终端设备可以部署在陆地上，包括室内或室外、手持或车载；也可以部署在水面上；还可以部署在空中的飞机、气球和卫星上。本申请实施例中对网络设备和终端设备所处的场景不做限定。
应理解，本申请中的通信设备的全部或部分功能也可以通过在硬件上运行的软件功能来实现，或者通过平台(例如云平台)上实例化的虚拟化功能来实现。
为了便于理解零功耗通信技术，下文结合图2介绍支持零功耗通信技术的终端。
通常，终端120可以包含能量采集模块121，反向散射通信模块122。下文将结合图2至图4对能量采集模块121，反向散射通信模块122进行介绍，为了简洁，在此不再赘述。在一些情况下，终端120还可以包含低功耗计算模块123。其中，低功耗计算模块123用于为终端提供计算功能，例如，数据处理等。在另一些情况下，终端120还可以包含传感器124，用于采集外部信息(例如，环境温度、环境湿度等)。在另一些情况下，终端120还可以包含存储器125，用于存储一些信息(例如，通过上述传感器采集的外部信息，或如物品标识等)。
上述能量采集模块121用于采集能量。在一些实现方式中，可以通过网络设备发送的无线供能信号采集能量。其中，无线供能信号可以是网络设备发送的“射频信号”，因此，上述能量采集模块又称为“射频能量采集模块”。
图2示出了能量采集模块的一种可能的结构。如图2所示，能量采集模块121可以基于电磁感应原理，采集射频信号的空间电磁波的能量，并将采集的能量存储在电容C中，即为电容C的充电的过程。当电容C的充电过程结束后，电容C可以开始放电，以为终端工作供能。例如，电容C放电可以用于驱动终端对网络设备发送的数据进行低功耗解调。又例如，电容C放电可以用于驱动终端待发送的数据进行调制。又例如，电容C放电可以用于驱动终端的传感器进行数据采集。又例如，电容C放电可以用于驱动终端对存储器125中的数据进行读取等。
上述反向散射通信模块122用于终端与网络设备进行反向散射通信(back scattering)。下文结合图3介绍本申请实施例的反向散射通信原理。参见图3，终端120接收网络设备110发送的无线信号，并对该无线信号进行调制，以加载需要发送的数据。最后将调制后的信号从天线辐射出去，这一信息传输过程称为反向散射通信。其中，反向散射通信和负载调制功能密不可分。负载调制功能可以理解为通过对终端的振荡回路的电路参数按照数据流的节拍进行调节和控制，使终端的阻抗的大小等参数随之改变，从而完成调制的过程。
在一些实现方式中，网络设备110的发送(transport，TX)通路上还可以设置有其他器件，用于对待发送的信号进行处理，例如，放大器(amplifier，AMP)等。网络设备110的接收(receive，RX)通路上还可以设置有其他器件，用于对接收的信号进行处理，例如，低噪声放大器(low noise amplifier，LNA)等。
在另一些实现方式中，终端120可以设置有能量采集单元，用于采集网络设备发送的无线供能信号的能量。当然，终端120中还可以设置有逻辑处理单元，以执行相应地计算功能。
需要说明的是，无论是网络设备110还是终端120，图3仅实例地示出了信号处理电路的连接结构，网络设备110和/或终端120的处理电路都可以包含其他的元件，本申请实施例对此不作具体限定。
通常，负载调制功能可以通过电阻负载调制和电容负载调制两种方式实现。图4示出了基于电阻负载调制技术的终端的电路图。需要说明的是，图4所述的电路在实现负载调制技术方式，与已有的实现负载调制技术的电路的实现方式相似，为了简洁，图4中所示的中包含的电阻R 2、R 3，电容C 1、C 2，电感L 1、L 2的作用不再赘述。
在电阻负载调制中，可以为负载并联一个电阻R L。开关S可以基于二进制数据流的控制，来实现电阻R L的接通或断开。这样，电阻R L的通断会造成电路电压的变化，而电路 电压的变化可以控制终端的反向散射信号的幅度大小，进而实现反向散射信号的调制，即对反向散射信号进行移幅键控(amplitude-shift keying，ASK)调制。
类似地，在电容负载调制中，可以基于二进制数据流来控制电容的通断，以改变电路谐振频率，进而改变反向散射信号的工作频率，来实现移频键控(frequency-shift keying，FSK)调制。
如上文介绍，终端可以借助于负载调制的方式，对来波信号(即网络设备发送的信号)进行信息调制，从而实现反向散射通信过程。因此，反向散射通信中的终端通常具有以下优势。
优势一，由于终端不需要主动发射信号，因此不需要构造复杂的射频通路。例如，射频通路中可以不设置功率放大器(power amplifier，PA)、射频滤波器等器件，以降低终端的成本和体积。
优势二，由于终端不需要主动产生高频信号，因此不需要高频晶振，以降低终端的成本和体积。
优势三，由于终端可以采用反向散射技术与网络设备通信，因此，终端在通信时消耗的能量较低，甚至不需要消耗自身的能量。
上文结合图1至图4介绍了零功耗通信技术中的通信过程、负载调制方式。下文结合图5至图9介绍零功耗通信技术中的编码方式。
编码端(例如终端或电子标签)传输的数据，可以用不同的编码方式来表示二进制的“1”和“0”。相应地，解码端(例如，网络设备或无线射频识别系统)可以使用对应的的解码方式来对编码端发送的码流进行解码。在零功耗通信技术中常用的编码方法包括：不归零(non return zero，NRZ)编码、曼彻斯特(manchester)编码、单极性归零(unipolar RZ)编码、差动双相(differential binary phase，DBP)编码、米勒(miller)编码、差动编码等。
图5是NRZ编码的编码方式的示意图。参见图5可以看出，在NRZ编码中，用高电平表示二进制“1”，用低电平表示二进制“0”。
图6是曼彻斯特编码的编码方式的示意图。曼彻斯特编码也被称为分相编码(Split-Phase Coding)。参见图6，在曼彻斯特编码中，某位的值是由该位长度内半个位周期时电平的变化(上升或下降)来表示的，在半个位周期时的负跳变表示二进制“1”，半个位周期时的正跳变表示二进制“0”。在一些实现方式中，曼彻斯特编码通常用于从电子标签到读写器的数据传输，因为这有利于发现数据传输的错误。这是因为在位长度内，“没有变化”的状态是不允许的。当多个电子标签同时发送的数据位有不同值时，接收的上升边和下降边互相抵消，导致在整个位长度内是不间断的载波信号，由于该状态不允许，所以读写器利用该错误就可以判定碰撞发生的具体位置。
图7是单极性归零编码的编码方式的示意图。参见图7所示，单极性归零编码在第一个半个位周期中的高电平表示二进制“1”，而持续整个位周期内的低电平信号表示二进制“0”。在一些实现方式中，单极性归零编码可用来提取位同步信号。
图8是DBP编码的编码方式的示意图。参见图8所示，差动双相编码在半个位周期中的任意的边沿表示二进制“0”，而没有边沿就是二进制“1”。此外，在每个位周期开始时，电平都要反相。因此，对接收器来说，位节拍比较容易重建。
图9是米勒编码的编码方式的示意图。参见图9所示，米勒编码在半个位周期内的任意边沿表示二进制“1”，而经过下一个位周期中不变的电平表示二进制“0”。位周期开始时产生电平交变，因此，对接收器来说，位节拍比较容易重建。
另外，还有一种差动编码的编码方式。在差动编码中，每个要传输的二进制“1”都会引起信号电平的变化，而对于二进制“0”，信号电平保持不变，
基于上文对零功耗通信技术的介绍，可知零功耗通信中的终端(又称“零功耗终端”) 进行通信消耗的自身的能量很少，甚至可以不消耗自身的能量。因此，在零功耗通信技术中，基于终端的能量来源以及能量的使用方式可以将终端分为三类：无源零功耗终端、半无源零功耗终端以及有源零功耗终端。
一、无源零功耗终端。
无源零功耗终端通常不需要内装电池。当终端接近网络设备时，终端处于网络设备天线辐射形成的近场范围内，此时，终端的天线可以通过电磁感应产生感应电流，感应电流可以为终端供能，来实现对接收信号的解调，和/或对待传输信号的调制、编码等工作。在一些实现方式中，上述无源零功耗终端可以是电子标签，相应地，网络设备可以是(radio frequency identification，RFID)系统的读写器，用于读取电子标签中的内容和/或用于更改电子标签中的内容。
二、半无源零功耗终端。
半无源零功耗终端自身也不安装常规电池，但可使用能量采集模块121采集无线电波能量，同时将采集的能量存储于一个储能单元(如电容)中。储能单元获得能量后，可以为终端供能，来实现对接收信号的解调，和/或对待传输信号的调制、编码等工作。
三、有源零功耗终端
有源零功耗终端可以内置电池。电池可以为终端供能，来实现对接收信号的解调，和/或对待传输信号的调制、编码等工作。但当该终端设备采用反向散射技术通信时，该终端不需要消耗电池的能量。因此，对于这种终端而言，“零功耗”主要体现在该终端采用反向散射技术通信的场景中。
在一些实现方式中，上述有源零功耗终端可以是电子标签，网络设备可以是RFID读写器，此时内置电池可以向终端内的RFID芯片供电，以增加RFID读写器与电子标签之间的读写距离。另一方面，内置电池可以向终端内的RFID芯片供电，以缩短RFID读写器对电子标签的读写时延，有利于提高通信的可靠性。
如上文介绍，零功耗终端在进行通信之前，通常需要基于网络设备发送的无线供能信号来获取能量。目前，为了保证终端可以基于无线供能信号来获取足够的能量，通常会为网络设备预定义一个比较保守的发送时长来发送无线供能信号。
然而，不同终端所需的能量不一定相同，对于所需能量较少的终端而言，终端可能经过短于保守的发送时长的时间段，便可以通过无线供能信号来获取足够的能量，此时，如果依然采用上述保守的发送时长来发送无线供能信号，则会导致资源浪费。另一方面，对于所需的能量较少的终端而言，终端经过短于保守的发送时长的时间段，便可以获取足够的能量，如果网络设备依然按照上述保守的发送时长来发送无线供能信号，则会浪费网络设备的功率。再一方面，对于所需的能量较少的终端而言，终端经过短于保守的发送时长的时间段，便可以获取足够的能量，如果网络设备依然按照上述保守的发送时长来发送无线供能信号，则有可能会对其他信号产生干扰。
因此，为了避免上述问题，本申请提供一种通信方法，终端可以通过向网络设备发送无线供能参数，以指示网络设备终端所需的能量，这样，网络设备可以基于无线供能参数确定无线供能信号的发送时长。
为了便于理解，下文先介绍本申请实施例的无线供能参数包含的信息，再结合图11介绍本申请实施例的通信方法的流程。需要说明的是，在本申请实施例中，为了便于理解，使用“无线供能参数”来指代具有上述功能，或包含下文介绍的各种参数的一类信息。具有上述功能，或包含下文介绍的各种参数的一类信息还可以是未来协议规定的具有其他名称的参数或信息。本申请实施例对此不作限定。
上述无线供能参数包含以下一种或多种参数：终端的能量采集效率；终端的能量采集速度；终端采集预设能量所需的采集时间；以及终端接收的信号的信号强度。下面将对上述参数一一介绍。
参数一、终端采集预设能量所需的采集时间。
上述预设能量可以理解为终端正常工作所需的能量。其中，终端正常工作例如可以包含终端接收信号、解调信号、调制信号、编码信号等操作中的一种或多种。相应地，终端采集预设能量所需的采集时间，可以理解为，在网络设备发送无线供能信号的情况下，终端采集到预设能量所需要的采集时间。
通常，不同终端对应的预设能量可能不同，终端的预设能量可能与终端的类型、终端的工况、终端的硬件参数相关。其中，终端的硬件参数如可以是终端的能量采集模块(又称“能量接收器”)的参数。
在本申请实施例中，对终端获取采集时间的具体方式不作限定。在一些情况下，上述采集时间可以是终端在出厂前，通过测试预配置在终端内的。在另一些情况下，终端的采集时间可能会随着能量采集模块的工况而改变，或者随着终端的工况而改变，此时，为了提高采集时间的准确率，终端可以自己计算上述采集时间。例如，终端可以基于历史的无线供能信号确定采集时间。本申请实施例对终端获取采集时间的方式不作限定。
参数二、终端的能量采集效率。
终端的能量采集效率，可以通过信号到达终端时的能量与终端对该信号进行采集得到的能量之间的比值来表征。通常，能量采集效率会影响能量采集时间，进而影响无线供能信号的发送时长。例如，对于能量采集效率较高的终端而言，采集足够的能量所需的时间较短，相应地，无线供能信号的发送时长就会较短。又例如，对于能量采集效率较低的终端而言，采集足够的能量所需的时间较长，相应地，无线供能信号的发送时长就会较长。
另一方面，在终端的能量采集效率不变的情况下，无线供能信号到达终端时的信号强度也会影响终端采集足够的能量所需的时间。在一些情况下，假设终端的能量采集效率不变，如果终端距离网络设备越近，那么终端所接收到无线供能信号的能量越强，则终端采集到的无线供能信号的能量越多，这样，终端可以在较短的时间内获得足够的能量。反之，在另一些情况下，假设终端的能量采集效率不变，终端距离网络设备越远，终端接收到无线供能信号的能量较弱，则终端采集到的无线供能信号的能量较低，这样，终端需要通过较长的时间才能获得足够的能量。
需要说明的是，上述足够的能量可以理解为终端正常工作所需的能量。其中，终端正常工作例如可以包含终端接收信号、解调信号、调制信号、编码信号等操作中的一种或多种。
另外，对于一个终端而言，终端的能量采集效率并不是固定的，当无线供能信号到达终端时的能量越强，终端的能量采集效率越高。当无线供能信号到达终端时的能量越弱，终端的能量采集效率越低。例如，无线供能信号到达终端时的能量为100毫瓦时，终端的能量采集效率可以为50％。无线供能信号到达终端时的能量为20毫瓦时，终端的能量采集效率可以为20％。因此，终端实时计算自身的能量采集效率，有利于提高确定无线供能信号的发送时长的准确率。
通常，不同终端对应的能量采集效率可能不同，终端的能量采集效率可能和终端的类型、终端的工况、终端的硬件参数相关。其中，终端的硬件参数如可以是终端的能量采集模块(又称“能量接收器”)的参数。
在本申请实施例中，上述终端的能量采集效率可以是终端在出厂前，通过测试预配置在终端内的。上述终端的能量采集效率也可以是终端基于历史数据实时计算的。例如，终端可以基于历史的无线供能信号到达终端的能量，与终端对该信号进行采集后的得到能量之间的比值确定的。本申请实施例对终端获取能量采集效率的方式不作限定。
参数三、终端的能量采集速度。
终端的能量采集速度可以通过终端在单位时间内对无线供能信号进行采集得到的能量来表征。通常，能量采集速度会影响能量采集时间，进而影响无线供能信号的发送时长。 例如，对于能量采集速度较高的终端而言，采集足够的能量所需的时间较短，相应地，无线供能信号的发送时长就会较短。又例如，对于能量采集速度较低的终端而言，采集足够的能量所需的时间较长，相应地，无线供能信号的发送时长就会较长。
另一方面，在终端的能量采集速度不变的情况下，无线供能信号到达终端时的信号强度也会影响终端采集足够的能量所需的时间。在一些情况下，假设终端的能量采集速度不变，如果终端距离网络设备越近，那么终端所接收到无线供能信号的能量越强，则终端采集到的无线供能信号的能量越多，这样，终端可以在较短的时间内获得足够的能量。反之，在另一些情况下，假设终端的能量采集速度不变，终端距离网络设备越远，终端接收到无线供能信号的能量较弱，则终端采集到的无线供能信号的能量较低，这样，终端需要通过较长的时间才能获得足够的能量。
需要说明的是，足够的能量可以理解为终端正常工作所需的能量。其中，终端正常工作例如可以包含终端接收信号、解调信号、调制信号、编码信号等操作中的一种或多种。
通常，不同终端对应的能量采集速度可能不同，终端的能量采集速度可能和终端的类型、终端的工况、终端的硬件参数相关。其中，终端的硬件参数如可以是终端的能量采集模块(又称“能量接收器”)的参数。
在本申请实施例中，上述终端的能量采集速度可以是终端在出厂前，通过测试预配置在终端内的。上述终端的能量采集速度也可以是终端基于历史数据实时计算的。例如，终端可以基于单位时间内对历史的无线供能信号进行能量采集得到的总能量，来确定终端的能量采集速度。本申请实施例对终端获取能量采集速度的方式不作限定。
参数四、终端接收的信号的信号强度。
上述终端接收的信号可以理解为网络设备向终端发送的信号，其中网络设备可以是需要向终端发送无线供能信号的网络设备。
通常，终端接收的信号的信号强度会影响终端的能量采集时间，进而影响无线供能信号的发送时长。例如，如果终端接收的信号的信号强度较高，那么终端采集足够的能量所需的时间较短，相应地，无线供能信号的发送时长就会较短。又例如，如果终端接收的信号的信号强度较低，那么终端采集足够的能量所需的时间较长，相应地，无线供能信号的发送时长就会较长。
需要说明的是，足够的能量可以理解为终端正常工作所需的能量。其中，终端正常工作例如可以包含终端接收信号、解调信号、调制信号、编码信号等操作中的一种或多种。
通常，不同终端接收的信号的信号强度可能不同，信号强度可能和终端与网络设备之间的距离、信号的传输路径等信息相关。
在本申请实施例中，上述信号强度可以是终端基于历史数据实时计算的。例如，终端可以对网络设备发送的历史信号进行检测，来确定信号强度。上述信号强度还可以是其他终端向该终端发送的，其中其他终端与网络设备之间的距离和该终端与网络设备之间的距离相似。本申请实施例对终端获取信号强度的方式不作限定。
下文结合图10介绍本申请实施例的通信方法。图10所述的通信方法可以包括步骤S1010。
在步骤S1010中，终端向网络设备发送上述无线供能参数。
上述无线供能参数的作用以及包含的参数的内容可以参见上文介绍，为了简洁，在此不再赘述。
在本申请实施例中，终端可以通过向网络设备发送无线供能参数，以指示网络设备终端所需的能量，这样，网络设备可以基于无线供能参数确定无线供能信号的发送时长，有利于提高通信系统中资源内的利用率。避免了传统的无线供能信号传输过程中，网络设备采用超过终端需求的能量对应的发送时长(即保守的发送时长)，来发送无线供能信号，导致的资源浪费的问题。
在一些实现方式中，上述无线供能参数可以承载于无线资源控制(radio resource control，RRC)信令中。在另一些实现方式中，上述无线供能参数可以承载于可以承载于媒体访问控制控制单元(medium access control control element，MAC CE)中。
相应地，网络设备在接收到上述无线供能信号之后，可以网络设备可以基于无线供能参数，确定无线供能信号的第一发送时长。也就是说，上述方法还包括步骤S1020至步骤S1030。
在步骤S1020中，网络设备基于无线供能参数确定无线供能信号的第一发送时长。
在本申请实施例中，网络设备基于无线供能参数确定第一发送时长的方式有很多种。在一些实现方式中，网络设备可以基于接收到的无线供能参数、预设无线供能参数与发送时长之间的关联关系，确定第一发送时长。其中，预设无线供能参数与发送时长之间的关联关系，例如可以是函数关系，相应地，网络设备基于接收到的无线供能参数以及该函数关系，计算第一发送时长。预设无线供能参数与发送时长之间的关联关系，例如还可以是映射表，在该映射表中可以将无线供能参数划分为多个等级，不同的等级对应不同的发送时长。这样，网络设备可以基于接收到的无线供能参数确定对应的等级，基于对应的等级确定第一发送时长。
在步骤S1030中，网络设备以第一发送时长向终端发送无线供能信号。
当然，在本申请实施例中，网络设备发送无线供能信号的发送时长也可以略大于第一发送时长。例如，当通信系统处于空闲状态时，没有太多的数据需要传输，此时网络设备可以以第二发送时长发送无线供能信号，其中第二发送时长长于第一发送时长。
通常，终端的移动状态在一定程度上也会影响无线供能参数的有效时间。例如，当终端开始运动时，终端所在的环境对信号传输的质量产生影响，此时无线供能参数会发生变化。又例如，当终端开始运动时，终端和网络设备之间的距离也会发生变化，此时无线供能参数也会发生变化。当无线供能参数发生变化后，可能会导致网络设备确定的无线供能信号的发送时长不再准确。因此，为了保证网络设备确定无线供能信号的发送时长的准确率，终端还可以向网络设备发送指示信息，并通过指示信息指示终端的移动状态为静止或移动。
当终端的移动状态为静止时，终端发送的无线供能参数的有效时长较长，或者说终端发送的无线供能参数可以在较长的一段时间内保持不变，相应地，网络设备可以较长的一段时间内使用相同的发送时长来发送无线供能信号。当终端的移动状态为移动时，终端发送的无线供能参数的有效时长较短，或者说，终端的无线供能参数是变化地，此时，终端需要随着位置移动来实时上报无线供能参数，以便网络设备实时更新无线供能参数的发送时长。
在本申请实施例中，对终端发送无线供能参数的时机不作限定。如果终端处于静止状态时，终端可以在下次移动之前仅向网络设备发送一次无线供能参数。当然，如果终端处于静止状态时，终端也可以以较长的周期，周期性地向网络设备发送无线供能参数。
如果终端处于运动状态，终端可以以较短的周期，周期性地向网络设备发送无线供能参数。当然，如果终端处于运动状态，终端可以通过无线供能参数的变化程度，来确定向网络设备发送无线供能参数的时机。例如，当终端检测到无线供能参数的变化程度高于阈值，则终端向网络设备发送变化后的无线供能参数。相应地，当终端检测到无线供能参数的变化程度低于阈值，则终端不向网络设备发送变化后的无线供能参数。
对于一些通信场景中，由于终端与网络设备之间待传输的数据(例如，业务数据)具有周期性，且各周期传输的数据的数据量相对固定。其中，待传输的数据可以是终端向网络设备发送的，也可以是网络设备向终端发送的。例如，对于用作环境监测的终端而言，该终端通常以一定业务周期，周期性地向网络设备上报环境监测数据，并且环境监测数据的数据量相对固定。又例如，对于用作工业监测的终端而言，该终端通常以一定业务周期， 周期性地向网络设备上报工业监测数据，并且工业监测数据的数据量相对固定。
因此，为了减少网络设备为终端配置传输数据的资源产生的开销，终端可以使用免授权传输的方式传输数据。参见图11，在免授权传输中，网络设备可以将免授权传输的配置信令一次性配置给终端，相应地，终端可以基于配置信令在配置的资源上，以免授权传输的方式周期性地传输数据。网络设备在终端传输数据的过程中无需再对终端进行调度。
在上文介绍的场景中，虽然数据的传输方式与免授权传输适配，但是由于终端自身无法提供用于接收或发送数据的能量，导致网络设备即使向终端发送了免授权传输的配置信令，终端也无法自主进行免授权传输。
因此，为了解决上述问题，本申请还提供一种通信方法，网络设备可以通过向终端发送无线供能信号，以为终端进行免授权传输提供能量，使得终端可以进行免授权传输，以减少网络设备为终端配置传输数据的资源所产生的开销。下文将结合图12介绍本申请另一实施例的通信方法。
图12是本申请另一实施例的通信方法的流程图。图12所示的方法包括步骤S1210至步骤S1220。
在步骤S1210中，网络设备向终端发送无线供能信号。
在本申请实施例中，网络设备可以采用图10所示的方法向终端发送无线供能信号。当然，网络设备也可以采用传统的方式向终端发送无线供能信号。
在步骤S1220中，终端基于免授权传输的方式与网络设备进行通信。
上述终端基于免授权的方式与网络设备进行通信，可以包括终端以免授权传输的方式向网络设备发送数据，或者终端以免授权传输的方式接收网络设备发送的数据。
在一些实现方式中，无线供能信号是周期性传输的，传输无线供能信号的周期与免授权传输的周期相同。
为了便于理解，下文结合图13介绍本申请实施例通信过程。假设网络设备占用时域资源1向终端传输免授权传输的配置信息，该配置信息用于配置终端以周期1在免授权传输资源上进行免授权传输。另外，网络设备也以周期1为周期，并占用在免授权资源之前的目标时域资源，为终端发送无线供能信号。
相应地，终端以周期1为周期，在目标时域资源上接收无线供能信号以获取能量，并在目标时域资源之后的免授权资源上接收或发送数据。
需要说明的是，上述目标时域资源的最后一个时域符号可以与免授权资源的第一个符号相邻，以便终端通过无线供能信号获取足够的能量后，立即进行数据的收发。当然，上述目标时域资源的最后一个时域符号与免授权资源的第一个符号之间也可以不相邻，例如间隔几个符号，以便于在终端获得足够的能量之后，预留一些时间，来让终端进行信号处理或获取待传输的数据。本申请实施例对目标时域资源与免授权资源之间的位置关系不作具体限定。
在一些实现方式中，上述终端进行信号处理可以包括终端对待发送的数据进行编码操作。终端进行信号处理还可以包括终端对待发送的数据进行调制操作。在另一些实现方式中，终端获取待传输的数据例如可以包括终端通过感测装置对待传输的数据进行采集。
对于终端而言，在与网络设备进行通信之间，需要与网络设备进行时间同步，以保证数据传输的准确性。尤其是上文介绍的零功耗通信终端，这种终端在不与网络设备进行通信时(例如，不需要接收网络设备发送的数据，或不需要向网络设备发送数据)，通常处于没有电的关机状态(或称睡眠态)，此时终端没有足够的能量维护时钟，当该终端被从睡眠态唤醒来接收或发送数据时，终端通常无法与网络设备同步。这样，就导致数据无法在终端和网络设备之间被正确的传输。
因此，为了避免上述问题，在传输数据之间，网络设备可以向终端发送同步信号或同步信道，以便终端与网络设备同步。在一些实现方式中，上述同步信号或同步信道占用的 时域资源的位置可以位于无线供能信号占用的时域资源的位置之后。或者说，当网络设备在为终端发送无线供能信号之后，网络设备可以再向终端发送同步信号或同步信道。在另一些实现方式中，上述同步信道或同步信号可以包含在无线供能信号中，此时，终端在接收无线供能信号的同时可以与网络设备进行同步。
在一些实现方式中，上述同步信道用于承载时间单元的索引，其中时间单元例如可以是时隙或子帧。
为了便于理解，下文以免授权场景为例，结合图14介绍本申请实施例的同步过程。假设网络设备占用时域资源1向终端传输免授权传输的配置信息，该配置信息用于配置终端以周期1在免授权传输资源上进行免授权传输。另外，网络设备占用目标时域资源1为终端发送无线供能信号，并占用目标时域资源2为终端发送同步信号。
其中，目标时域资源1与目标时域资源2为周期性配置地传输资源，并且配置周期也为周期1。目标时域资源1的时域位置早于目标时域资源2的时域位置。目标时域资源2的时域位置早于免授权传输资源的时域位置。
相应地，终端以周期1为周期，在目标时域资源1上接收无线供能信号以获取能量，在目标时域资源2上接收同步信号以与网络设备进行同步，并在免授权资源上接收或发送数据。
需要说明的是，上述目标时域资源2的最后一个时域符号可以与免授权资源的第一个符号相邻，以便终端通过同步信号与网络设备同步后，立即进行数据的收发。当然，上述目标时域资源2的最后一个时域符号与免授权资源的第一个符号之间也可以不相邻，例如间隔几个符号，这样可以为终端与网络设备进行同步预留足够的时间。本申请实施例对此不作限定。
另外，上述目标时域资源1的最后一个时域符号可以与目标时域资源2的第一个符号相邻，以便终端通过无线供能信号获取足够的能量后，立即基于同步信号进行同步。当然，上述目标时域资源1的最后一个时域符号与目标时域资源2第一个符号之间也可以不相邻，例如间隔几个符号，以便为终端进行同步预留时间。本申请实施例对此不作限定。
上文结合图1至图14，详细描述了本申请的方法实施例，下面结合图15至图19，详细描述本申请的装置实施例。应理解，方法实施例的描述与装置实施例的描述相互对应，因此，未详细描述的部分可以参见前面方法实施例。
图15是本申请实施例的终端的示意图。图15所示的终端1500包括发送单元1510。
发送单元1510，用于发送无线供能参数，其中，无线供能参数包含以下一种或多种参数：终端的能量采集效率；终端的能量采集速度；终端采集预设能量所需的采集时间；以及终端接收的信号的信号强度。
可选地，终端还包括：第一接收单元，用于接收网络设备以第一发送时长发送的无线供能信号，第一发送时长是基于无线供能参数确定的。
可选地，无线供能信号为周期性传输的信号，传输无线供能信号的周期与免授权传输的周期相同。
可选地，无线供能信号中包含第一同步信号或第一同步信道；终端还包括：第一处理单元，用于基于第一同步信号或第一同步信道与网络设备进行同步。
可选地，终端还包括：第二接收单元，用于接收网络设备发送的第二同步信号或第二同步信道，第二同步信号或第二同步信道占用的时域资源晚于无线供能信号占用的时域资源；第二处理单元，用于基于第二同步信号或第二同步信道与网络设备进行同步。
可选地，发送单元，用于向网络设备发送指示信息，指示信息用于指示终端的移动状态为静止或移动。
可选地，无线供能参数承载于无线资源控制RRC信令或媒体访问控制控制单元MAC CE中。
图16是本申请另一实施例的终端的示意图。图16所示的终端1600包括接收单元1610、通信单元1620。
接收单元1610，用于接收网络设备发送的无线供能信号；
通信单元1620，用于以免授权传输的方式向网络设备发送数据，或，以免授权传输的方式接收网络设备发送的数据。
可选地，无线供能信号中包含第一同步信号或第一同步信道，终端还包括：第一处理单元，用于基于第一同步信号或第一同步信道与网络设备进行同步。
可选地，接收单元，用于接收网络设备发送的第二同步信号或第二同步信道，第二同步信号或第二同步信道占用的时域资源的位置位于无线供能信号占用的时域资源的位置之后；第二处理单元，用于基于第二同步信号或第二同步信道与网络设备进行同步。
可选地，无线供能信号为周期性传输的信号，传输无线供能信号的周期与免授权传输的周期相同。
可选地，第一同步信道用于承载时间单元的索引。
可选地，第二同步信道用于承载时间单元的索引。
图17是本申请实施例的网络设备的示意图。图17所示的网络设备1700包括接收单元1710。
接收单元1710，用于接收终端的无线供能参数，其中，无线供能参数包含以下一种或多种参数：终端的能量采集效率；终端的能量采集速度；终端采集预设能量所需的采集时间；以及终端接收的信号的信号强度。
可选地，网络设备还包括：处理单元，用于基于无线供能参数，确定发送无线供能信号的第一发送时长；第一发送单元，用于以第一发送时长，向终端发送无线供能信号。
可选地，终端以免授权传输的方式传输数据，且无线供能信号为周期性传输的信号，传输无线供能信号的周期与免授权传输的周期相同。
可选地，无线供能信号中包含第一同步信号或第一同步信道。
可选地，网络设备还包括：第二发送单元，用于向终端发送第二同步信号或第二同步信道，第二同步信号或第二同步信道占用的时域资源晚于无线供能信号占用的时域资源。
可选地，接收单元，用于接收终端发送指示信息，指示信息用于指示终端的移动状态为静止或移动。
可选地，无线供能参数承载于RRC信令或MAC CE中。
图18是本申请另一实施例的网络设备的示意图。图18所示的网络设备1800包括发送单元1810、通信单元1820。
发送单元1810，用于向终端发送无线供能信号；
通信单元1820，用于接收终端以免授权传输的方式发送的数据，或，向终端以免授权传输的方式发送数据。
可选地，无线供能信号中包含第一同步信号或第一同步信道。
可选地，发送单元，用于向终端发送第二同步信号或第二同步信道，第二同步信号或第二同步信道占用的时域资源晚于无线供能信号占用的时域资源。
可选地，无线供能信号为周期性传输的信号，传输无线供能信号的周期与免授权传输的周期相同。
可选地，第一同步信道用于承载时间单元的索引。
可选地，第二同步信道用于承载时间单元的索引。
图19是本申请实施例的通信装置的示意性结构图。图19中的虚线表示该单元或模块为可选的。该装置1900可用于实现上述方法实施例中描述的方法。装置1900可以是芯片、终端设备或网络设备。
装置1900可以包括一个或多个处理器1910。该处理器1910可支持装置1900实现前 文方法实施例所描述的方法。该处理器1910可以是通用处理器或者专用处理器。例如，该处理器可以为中央处理单元(central processing unit，CPU)。或者，该处理器还可以是其他通用处理器、数字信号处理器(digital signal processor，DSP)、专用集成电路(application specific integrated circuit，ASIC)、现成可编程门阵列(field programmable gate array，FPGA)或者其他可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件等。通用处理器可以是微处理器或者该处理器也可以是任何常规的处理器等。
装置1900还可以包括一个或多个存储器1920。存储器1920上存储有程序，该程序可以被处理器1910执行，使得处理器1910执行前文方法实施例所描述的方法。存储器1920可以独立于处理器1910也可以集成在处理器1910中。
装置1900还可以包括收发器1930。处理器1910可以通过收发器1930与其他设备或芯片进行通信。例如，处理器1910可以通过收发器1930与其他设备或芯片进行数据收发。
本申请实施例还提供一种计算机可读存储介质，用于存储程序。该计算机可读存储介质可应用于本申请实施例提供的终端或网络设备中，并且该程序使得计算机执行本申请各个实施例中的由终端或网络设备执行的方法。
本申请实施例还提供一种计算机程序产品。该计算机程序产品包括程序。该计算机程序产品可应用于本申请实施例提供的终端或网络设备中，并且该程序使得计算机执行本申请各个实施例中的由终端或网络设备执行的方法。
本申请实施例还提供一种计算机程序。该计算机程序可应用于本申请实施例提供的终端或网络设备中，并且该计算机程序使得计算机执行本申请各个实施例中的由终端或网络设备执行的方法。
应理解，本申请中术语“系统”和“网络”可以被可互换使用。另外，本申请使用的术语仅用于对本申请的具体实施例进行解释，而非旨在限定本申请。本申请的说明书和权利要求书及所述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”和“第四”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序。此外，术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。
在本申请的实施例中，提到的“指示”可以是直接指示，也可以是间接指示，还可以是表示具有关联关系。举例说明，A指示B，可以表示A直接指示B，例如B可以通过A获取；也可以表示A间接指示B，例如A指示C，B可以通过C获取；还可以表示A和B之间具有关联关系。
在本申请实施例中，“与A相应的B”表示B与A相关联，根据A可以确定B。但还应理解，根据A确定B并不意味着仅仅根据A确定B，还可以根据A和/或其它信息确定B。
在本申请实施例中，术语“对应”可表示两者之间具有直接对应或间接对应的关系，也可以表示两者之间具有关联关系，也可以是指示与被指示、配置与被配置等关系。
本申请实施例中，“预定义”或“预配置”可以通过在设备(例如，包括终端设备和网络设备)中预先保存相应的代码、表格或其他可用于指示相关信息的方式来实现，本申请对于其具体的实现方式不做限定。比如预定义可以是指协议中定义的。
本申请实施例中，所述“协议”可以指通信领域的标准协议，例如可以包括LTE协议、NR协议以及应用于未来的通信系统中的相关协议，本申请对此不做限定。
本申请实施例中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请的各种实施例中，上述各过程的序号的大小并不意味着执行顺序的先后，各过程的执行顺序应以其功能和内在逻辑确定，而不应对本申请实施例的实施过程构成任何限定。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的系统、装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，所述单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另一点，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口，装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接，可以是电性，机械或其它的形式。
所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。
另外，在本申请各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。
在上述实施例中，可以全部或部分地通过软件、硬件、固件或者其任意组合来实现。当使用软件实现时，可以全部或部分地以计算机程序产品的形式实现。所述计算机程序产品包括一个或多个计算机指令。在计算机上加载和执行所述计算机程序指令时，全部或部分地产生按照本申请实施例所述的流程或功能。所述计算机可以是通用计算机、专用计算机、计算机网络、或者其他可编程装置。所述计算机指令可以存储在计算机可读存储介质中，或者从一个计算机可读存储介质向另一个计算机可读存储介质传输，例如，所述计算机指令可以从一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心通过有线(例如同轴电缆、光纤、数字用户线(digital subscriber line，DSL))或无线(例如红外、无线、微波等)方式向另一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心进行传输。所述计算机可读存储介质可以是计算机能够读取的任何可用介质或者是包含一个或多个可用介质集成的服务器、数据中心等数据存储设备。所述可用介质可以是磁性介质，(例如，软盘、硬盘、磁带)、光介质(例如，数字通用光盘(digital video disc，DVD))或者半导体介质(例如，固态硬盘(solid state disk，SSD))等。
以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (64)

  1. 一种通信方法，其特征在于，包括：
    终端发送无线供能参数，其中，所述无线供能参数包含以下一种或多种参数：
    所述终端的能量采集效率；
    所述终端的能量采集速度；
    所述终端采集预设能量所需的采集时间；以及
    所述终端接收的信号的信号强度。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述终端接收网络设备以第一发送时长发送的无线供能信号，所述第一发送时长是基于所述无线供能参数确定的。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述无线供能信号为周期性传输的信号，传输所述无线供能信号的周期与所述免授权传输的周期相同。
  4. 如权利要求2或3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述无线供能信号中包含第一同步信号或第一同步信道；
    所述方法还包括：
    所述终端基于所述第一同步信号或所述第一同步信道与所述网络设备进行同步。
  5. 如权利要求2或3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述终端接收所述网络设备发送的第二同步信号或第二同步信道，所述第二同步信号或所述第二同步信道占用的时域资源位置位于所述无线供能信号占用的时域资源的位置之后；
    所述终端基于所述第二同步信号或所述第二同步信道与所述网络设备进行同步。
  6. 如权利要求1-5中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述终端向网络设备发送指示信息，所述指示信息用于指示所述终端的移动状态为静止或移动。
  7. 如权利要求1-6中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述无线供能参数承载于无线资源控制RRC信令或媒体访问控制控制单元MAC CE中。
  8. 一种通信方法，其特征在于，包括：
    终端接收无线供能信号；
    所述终端以免授权传输的方式向网络设备发送数据，或
    所述终端以免授权传输的方式接收所述网络设备发送的数据。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，所述无线供能信号中包含第一同步信号或第一同步信道；
    在所述终端以免授权传输的方式向所述网络设备发送数据，或所述终端以免授权传输的方式接收所述网络设备发送的数据之前，所述方法还包括：
    所述终端基于所述第一同步信号或所述第一同步信道与所述网络设备进行同步。
  10. 如权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述终端以免授权传输的方式向所述网络设备发送数据，或所述终端以免授权传输的方式接收所述网络设备发送的数据之前，所述方法还包括：
    所述终端接收所述网络设备发送的第二同步信号或第二同步信道，所述第二同步信号或所述第二同步信道占用的时域资源的位置位于所述无线供能信号占用的时域资源的位置之后；
    所述终端基于所述第二同步信号或所述第二同步信道与所述网络设备进行同步。
  11. 如权利要求8-10中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述无线供能信号为周期性传输的信号，传输所述无线供能信号的周期与所述免授权传输的周期相同。
  12. 如权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一同步信道用于承载时间单元的 索引。
  13. 如权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二同步信道用于承载时间单元的索引。
  14. 一种通信方法，其特征在于，包括：
    网络设备接收终端的无线供能参数，其中，所述无线供能参数包含以下一种或多种参数：
    所述终端的能量采集效率；
    所述终端的能量采集速度；
    所述终端采集预设能量所需的采集时间；以及
    所述终端接收的信号的信号强度。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述网络设备基于所述无线供能参数，确定发送无线供能信号的第一发送时长；
    所述网络设备以所述第一发送时长，向所述终端发送所述无线供能信号。
  16. 如权利要求15所述的方法，其特征在于，所述终端以免授权传输的方式传输数据，且所述无线供能信号为周期性传输的信号，传输所述无线供能信号的周期与所述免授权传输的周期相同。
  17. 如权利要求15或16所述的方法，其特征在于，所述无线供能信号中包含第一同步信号或第一同步信道。
  18. 如权利要求15或16所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述网络设备向所述终端发送第二同步信号或第二同步信道，所述第二同步信号或所述第二同步信道占用的时域资源的位置位于所述无线供能信号占用的时域资源的位置之后。
  19. 如权利要求14-18中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述网络设备接收所述终端发送指示信息，所述指示信息用于指示所述终端的移动状态为静止或移动。
  20. 如权利要求14-19中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述无线供能参数承载于无线资源控制RRC信令或媒体访问控制控制单元MAC CE中。
  21. 一种通信方法，其特征在于，包括：
    网络设备发送无线供能信号；
    所述网络设备接收终端以免授权传输的方式发送的数据，或
    所述网络设备向所述终端以免授权传输的方式发送数据。
  22. 如权利要求21所述的方法，其特征在于，所述无线供能信号中包含第一同步信号或第一同步信道。
  23. 如权利要求21所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述网络设备接收所述终端以免授权传输的方式发送的数据，或，所述网络设备向所述终端以免授权传输的方式发送数据之前，所述方法还包括：
    所述网络设备向所述终端发送第二同步信号或第二同步信道，所述第二同步信号或所述第二同步信道占用的时域资源的位置位于所述无线供能信号占用的时域资源的位置之后。
  24. 如权利要求21-23中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述无线供能信号为周期性传输的信号，传输所述无线供能信号的周期与所述免授权传输的周期相同。
  25. 如权利要求22所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一同步信道用于承载时间单元的索引。
  26. 如权利要求23所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二同步信道用于承载时间单元的索引。
  27. 一种终端，其特征在于，包括：
    发送单元，用于发送无线供能参数，其中，所述无线供能参数包含以下一种或多种参数：
    所述终端的能量采集效率；
    所述终端的能量采集速度；
    所述终端采集预设能量所需的采集时间；以及
    所述终端接收的信号的信号强度。
  28. 如权利要求27所述的终端，其特征在于，所述终端还包括：
    第一接收单元，用于接收网络设备以第一发送时长发送的无线供能信号，所述第一发送时长是基于所述无线供能参数确定的。
  29. 如权利要求28所述的终端，其特征在于，所述无线供能信号为周期性传输的信号，传输所述无线供能信号的周期与所述免授权传输的周期相同。
  30. 如权利要求28或29所述的终端，其特征在于，所述无线供能信号中包含第一同步信号或第一同步信道；
    所述终端还包括：
    第一处理单元，用于基于所述第一同步信号或所述第一同步信道与所述网络设备进行同步。
  31. 如权利要求28或29所述的终端，其特征在于，所述终端还包括：
    第二接收单元，用于接收所述网络设备发送的第二同步信号或第二同步信道，所述第二同步信号或所述第二同步信道占用的时域资源的位置位于所述无线供能信号占用的时域资源的位置之后；
    第二处理单元，用于基于所述第二同步信号或所述第二同步信道与所述网络设备进行同步。
  32. 如权利要求27-31中任一项所述的终端，其特征在于，
    所述发送单元，用于向网络设备发送指示信息，所述指示信息用于指示所述终端的移动状态为静止或移动。
  33. 如权利要求27-32中任一项所述的终端，其特征在于，所述无线供能参数承载于无线资源控制RRC信令或媒体访问控制控制单元MAC CE中。
  34. 一种终端，其特征在于，包括：
    接收单元，用于接收无线供能信号；
    通信单元，用于以免授权传输的方式向网络设备发送数据，或，以所述免授权传输的方式接收所述网络设备发送的数据。
  35. 如权利要求34所述的终端，其特征在于，所述无线供能信号中包含第一同步信号或第一同步信道，所述终端还包括：
    第一处理单元，用于基于所述第一同步信号或所述第一同步信道与所述网络设备进行同步。
  36. 如权利要求34所述的终端，其特征在于，
    所述接收单元，用于接收所述网络设备发送的第二同步信号或第二同步信道，所述第二同步信号或所述第二同步信道占用的时域资源的位置位于所述无线供能信号占用的时域资源的位置之后；
    第二处理单元，用于基于所述第二同步信号或所述第二同步信道与所述网络设备进行同步。
  37. 如权利要求34-36中任一项所述的终端，其特征在于，所述无线供能信号为周期性传输的信号，传输所述无线供能信号的周期与所述免授权传输的周期相同。
  38. 如权利要求35所述的终端，其特征在于，所述第一同步信道用于承载时间单元的 索引。
  39. 如权利要求36所述的终端，其特征在于，所述第二同步信道用于承载时间单元的索引。
  40. 一种网络设备，其特征在于，包括：
    接收单元，用于接收终端的无线供能参数，其中，所述无线供能参数包含以下一种或多种参数：
    所述终端的能量采集效率；
    所述终端的能量采集速度；
    所述终端采集预设能量所需的采集时间；以及
    所述终端接收的信号的信号强度。
  41. 如权利要求40所述的网络设备，其特征在于，所述网络设备还包括：
    处理单元，用于基于所述无线供能参数，确定发送无线供能信号的第一发送时长；
    第一发送单元，用于以所述第一发送时长，向所述终端发送所述无线供能信号。
  42. 如权利要求41所述的网络设备，其特征在于，所述终端以免授权传输的方式传输数据，且所述无线供能信号为周期性传输的信号，传输所述无线供能信号的周期与所述免授权传输的周期相同。
  43. 如权利要求41或42所述的网络设备，其特征在于，所述无线供能信号中包含第一同步信号或第一同步信道。
  44. 如权利要求41或42所述的网络设备，其特征在于，所述网络设备还包括：
    第二发送单元，用于向所述终端发送第二同步信号或第二同步信道，所述第二同步信号或所述第二同步信道占用的时域资源的位置位于所述无线供能信号占用的时域资源的位置之后。
  45. 如权利要求40-44中任一项所述的网络设备，其特征在于，
    接收单元，用于接收所述终端发送指示信息，所述指示信息用于指示所述终端的移动状态为静止或移动。
  46. 如权利要求40-45中任一项所述的网络设备，其特征在于，所述无线供能参数承载于无线资源控制RRC信令或媒体访问控制控制单元MAC CE中。
  47. 一种通信网络设备，其特征在于，包括：
    发送单元，用于发送无线供能信号；
    通信单元，用于接收终端以免授权传输的方式发送的数据，或，向所述终端以免授权传输的方式发送数据。
  48. 如权利要求47所述的网络设备，其特征在于，所述无线供能信号中包含第一同步信号或第一同步信道。
  49. 如权利要求47所述的网络设备，其特征在于，
    所述发送单元，用于向所述终端发送第二同步信号或第二同步信道，所述第二同步信号或所述第二同步信道占用的时域资源的位置位于所述无线供能信号占用的时域资源的位置之后。
  50. 如权利要求47-49中任一项所述的网络设备，其特征在于，所述无线供能信号为周期性传输的信号，传输所述无线供能信号的周期与所述免授权传输的周期相同。
  51. 如权利要求48所述的网络设备，其特征在于，所述第一同步信道用于承载时间单元的索引。
  52. 如权利要求49所述的网络设备，其特征在于，所述第二同步信道用于承载时间单元的索引。
  53. 一种终端，其特征在于，包括存储器和处理器，所述存储器用于存储程序，所述处理器用于调用所述存储器中的程序，以执行如权利要求1-13中任一项所述的方法。
  54. 一种网络设备，其特征在于，包括存储器和处理器，所述存储器用于存储程序，所述处理器用于调用所述存储器中的程序，以执行如权利要求14-26中任一项所述的方法。
  55. 一种装置，其特征在于，包括处理器，用于从存储器中调用程序，以执行如权利要求1-13中任一项所述的方法。
  56. 一种装置，其特征在于，包括处理器，用于从存储器中调用程序，以执行如权利要求14-26中任一项所述的方法。
  57. 一种芯片，其特征在于，包括处理器，用于从存储器调用程序，使得安装有所述芯片的设备执行如权利要求1-17中任一项所述的方法。
  58. 一种芯片，其特征在于，包括处理器，用于从存储器调用程序，使得安装有所述芯片的设备执行如权利要求14-26中任一项所述的方法。
  59. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，其上存储有程序，所述程序使得计算机执行如权利要求1-13中任一项所述的方法。
  60. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，其上存储有程序，所述程序使得计算机执行如权利要求14-26中任一项所述的方法。
  61. 一种计算机程序产品，其特征在于，包括程序，所述程序使得计算机执行如权利要求1-13中任一项所述的方法。
  62. 一种计算机程序产品，其特征在于，包括程序，所述程序使得计算机执行如权利要求14-26中任一项所述的方法。
  63. 一种计算机程序，其特征在于，所述计算机程序使得计算机执行如权利要求1-13中任一项所述的方法。
  64. 一种计算机程序，其特征在于，所述计算机程序使得计算机执行如权利要求14-26中任一项所述的方法。
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