WO2023035151A1 - 一种带永磁的单稳态拍合式继电器 - Google Patents

一种带永磁的单稳态拍合式继电器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023035151A1
WO2023035151A1 PCT/CN2021/117249 CN2021117249W WO2023035151A1 WO 2023035151 A1 WO2023035151 A1 WO 2023035151A1 CN 2021117249 W CN2021117249 W CN 2021117249W WO 2023035151 A1 WO2023035151 A1 WO 2023035151A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
permanent magnet
armature
yoke
relay
frame
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PCT/CN2021/117249
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
赵兴海
柯章弘达
赵金艳
李庆诗
肖茂波
岳云龙
李佩聪
赵正元
罗文天
于冬
张志宇
郭国庆
刘思汉
董芳
张歆悦
Original Assignee
沈阳铁路信号有限责任公司
通号（西安）轨道交通工业集团有限公司
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Application filed by 沈阳铁路信号有限责任公司, 通号（西安）轨道交通工业集团有限公司 filed Critical 沈阳铁路信号有限责任公司
Priority to CN202180016985.5A priority Critical patent/CN115210839B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2021/117249 priority patent/WO2023035151A1/zh
Publication of WO2023035151A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023035151A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/16—Magnetic circuit arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/50—Means for increasing contact pressure, preventing vibration of contacts, holding contacts together after engagement, or biasing contacts to the open position
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/50—Means for increasing contact pressure, preventing vibration of contacts, holding contacts together after engagement, or biasing contacts to the open position
    • H01H1/54—Means for increasing contact pressure, preventing vibration of contacts, holding contacts together after engagement, or biasing contacts to the open position by magnetic force
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/16—Magnetic circuit arrangements
    • H01H50/18—Movable parts of magnetic circuits, e.g. armature
    • H01H50/24—Parts rotatable or rockable outside coil
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/44—Magnetic coils or windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/54—Contact arrangements

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of electromagnetic relays, in particular to a monostable clap-on relay with permanent magnets.
  • the locomotive on-board relays used in domestic railway locomotives have complex parts and high contact failure rate.
  • the monostable snap-fit structure adopted mostly provides release and retention force or reaction force for springs or shrapnel.
  • the reaction force provided by the spring or shrapnel increases linearly.
  • the coil needs to provide greater electromagnetic attraction. This requires the coil to have higher power and more power consumption.
  • the reaction force of the spring or shrapnel competes with the electromagnetic attraction force in the whole process of attraction, resulting in a relatively slow attraction speed.
  • the existing monostable locomotive on-board relay generates electromagnetic suction through coil energization to drive the armature to rotate to make the relay pull in, and when the coil is powered off, the relay reacts to drive the armature to reset to release the relay.
  • the specific process is that when the electromagnetic attraction increases to be greater than the reaction force generated by the superposition of the reaction force spring or shrapnel and the moving contact reed, the armature starts to rotate towards the iron core, driving the normally closed contact to open and the normally open contact to close. Complete the relay release process.
  • the movement speed of the armature depends on the competitive relationship between the electromagnetic attraction force and the reaction force.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a monostable clap-on relay with permanent magnet to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.
  • a monostable snap-on relay with permanent magnet the relay includes an armature group, a yoke group and a base;
  • the armature group includes an L-shaped armature, an armature fixing frame and a pull rod, wherein the armature fixing frame is fixed on the short side of the armature, the pull rod is vertically arranged at the end of the long side of the armature, and the pull rod wraps around the armature free rotation;
  • the yoke group includes an L-shaped yoke, a yoke fixing frame and a permanent magnet, wherein the yoke fixing frame is fixed on the short side of the yoke, the yoke is provided with a permanent magnet, and the yoke
  • the iron fixing frame is provided with a reserved hole for placing the permanent magnet, and the permanent magnet is closely attached to the yoke iron;
  • a base on which a static contact assembly, a moving contact assembly and a limiting frame are arranged, wherein the parallel double contacts between the static contact assembly and the moving contact assembly are matched and contacted;
  • the limiting frame is in the form of a frame, and the The bottom end of the limiting frame is provided with buckles, and the base is provided with a card groove at a position corresponding to the buckles, and the limiting frame and the base are fixed on the base through snap fitting.
  • a rotating shaft is provided at the joint between the armature fixing frame and the yoke fixing frame, and the two parts of the armature fixing frame and the yoke fixing frame overlap to form an "n" shape, and the rotating shaft penetrates the armature fixing frame and the yoke In the holes provided at both ends of the "n" type iron fixing frame, the pull rod and the end of the armature overlap through the installation hole, and the armature group rotates around the rotating shaft.
  • the relay further includes an iron core set, the iron core set includes an iron core, a coil frame and a coil, wherein the coil is wound in the coil frame, and the iron core is located in the central hole of the coil frame.
  • the iron core set includes an iron core, a coil frame and a coil, wherein the coil is wound in the coil frame, and the iron core is located in the central hole of the coil frame.
  • the pole surface area of the iron core is larger than the central hole area of the coil frame.
  • the yoke is provided with an LED unit, and the LED unit is fixed on the yoke through snap-fit structures at both ends of the yoke fixing frame, and the wires drawn from both sides of the LED unit are connected to the coil.
  • the limit frame is connected with a moving contact assembly
  • the limit frame is connected with a static contact assembly on the upper and lower ends of the movable contact assembly
  • the limit frame is in contact with the upper and lower sets of static contact assemblies, wherein, the space where each set of moving contact components inside the limit frame is independent of each other.
  • a power connector is provided at the bottom of the base, and a power strip is provided in the power connector.
  • the static contact assembly, the movable contact assembly, the power strip, etc. are fixed in the base by injection molding.
  • the contact between the moving contact assembly and the static contact assembly is a line contact, wherein two of the static contact assemblies are used in conjunction with one of the moving contact assemblies.
  • the static contact assembly includes a static spring and a static contact, wherein,
  • the static reed adopts a Y-shaped structure
  • the static contact is arranged at the end of the static reed
  • the contact surface of the static contact adopts a planar structure
  • the moving contact assembly includes a moving reed and a moving contact, wherein,
  • the movable reed adopts a square structure hollowed out in the middle, and the movable reed is inserted into the hole of the pull rod.
  • the movable contact is arranged on the upper and lower surfaces of the movable reed, and the contact surface of the movable contact adopts an arc surface structure.
  • the armature, iron core, and yoke are made of soft magnetic materials
  • the armature fixing frame, pull rod, coil frame, yoke fixing frame and rotating shaft are all made of non-magnetic materials
  • the material of the coil is copper.
  • the invention provides a novel monostable locomotive on-board relay, adding a permanent magnet structure in the magnetic circuit, providing a release holding force through the permanent magnet magnetic circuit, and the permanent magnet holding force can be rapidly reduced due to the change of the air gap after the armature starts to rotate , which can reduce the coil power and increase the pick-up speed.
  • the invention designs a novel reaction force system, which can effectively increase the contact reliability of the contacts, and simultaneously designs a limit device matched with the reaction force system. When the closed contact of the relay is stuck, avoid the phenomenon that the disconnected contact is connected, and protect the safety of the contact circuit.
  • the present invention provides a novel monostable locomotive on-board relay.
  • the holding force is provided by the permanent magnet attraction when the relay is in the release position. With the coil energized, the armature of the relay moves to the pull-in position, due to the increase of the working air gap of the permanent magnet. Large, the permanent magnet attraction will gradually decrease, which enables the armature to complete the movement process more quickly.
  • the permanent magnet magnetic circuit can also work in conjunction with the coil magnetic circuit to reduce the power consumption required for the relay to pick up.
  • the present invention designs a new double-contact structure, which can effectively improve the reliability of the contact point, and designs a matching limit structure, which ensures the safety of the contact circuit on the basis of improving the reliability.
  • Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the relay complete machine of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is the overall schematic diagram of the electromagnetic structure of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the armature group of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is the structure schematic diagram of iron core group of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is the structure schematic diagram of yoke group of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the base structure of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the static contact assembly of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a moving contact assembly of the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the electromagnetic structure when the coil is not energized in the released state
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the electromagnetic structure when the coil is energized in the released state
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the electromagnetic structure when the coil is powered off in the pull-in state.
  • the invention proposes a novel monostable snap-in relay, including the specific structure and realization method of an electromagnetic system and a contact spring system.
  • the traditional reaction force spring/shrapnel is replaced by a permanent magnet to enhance the holding force of the relay in the released state, which improves the vibration and shock resistance and reduces the complexity of the parts.
  • the permanent magnet can help the relay increase the pull-in speed and improve the efficiency of the electromagnetic flux.
  • the contact adopts double-contact parallel line contact method to improve the contact reliability of the relay, and the safety of the contact circuit is guaranteed by the limit frame.
  • the present invention provides a monostable clap-on relay with permanent magnet, which includes an armature group, an iron core group, a yoke group and a base group, wherein, referring to Fig. 1,
  • the armature group includes an armature 1, an armature fixing frame 2 and a pull rod 3, wherein the armature fixing frame 2 is fixed on the short side of the armature 1, and the pull rod 3 is vertically arranged at the end of the long side of the armature 1, the The pull rod 3 rotates freely around the armature 1;
  • the yoke group includes an L-shaped yoke 7, a yoke fixing frame 8 and a permanent magnet 9, wherein the yoke fixing frame 8 is fixed on the short side of the yoke 7, and the yoke 7 is provided with A permanent magnet 9, the yoke iron fixing frame 8 is provided with a reserved hole for placing the permanent magnet 9, and the permanent magnet 9 is closely attached to the yoke iron 7;
  • the iron core group includes an iron core 4 , a coil frame 5 and a coil 6 , wherein the coil 6 is wound in the coil frame 5 , and the iron core 4 is located in a central hole of the coil frame 5 .
  • the base 11 is provided with a static contact assembly 12 and a moving contact assembly 13, wherein the static contact assembly 12 and the moving contact assembly 13 are in contact with each other through parallel double contacts.
  • the base 11 is also provided with a limit frame 14, the limit frame 14 is in the form of a frame, the bottom end of the limit frame 14 is provided with a buckle, and the base 11 is provided with a card slot at a position corresponding to the buckle , the limiting frame 14 and the base 11 are snap-fitted and fixed on the base 11 .
  • the armature group includes an L-shaped armature 1, an armature fixing frame 2 and a pull rod 3, wherein the armature fixing frame 2 is fixed on the short side of the armature 1, and the armature 1 and the armature fixing frame 2 are fixed by rivets.
  • the pull rod 3 is vertically arranged at the other end of the armature 1, and a hole is arranged on the pull rod 3, and the armature 1 and the pull rod 3 are fixed by rivets.
  • the pull rod 3 is free to rotate around the armature 1, and the pull rod 3 is the transmission part of the electromagnetic structure of the relay and the reaction force system, and drives the moving contact assembly 13 in the base group to move together.
  • the tie rod 3 is a frame structure, and when a single point of failure occurs, a single point of structural damage will not cause the transmission function of the tie rod 3 to fail.
  • the iron core group includes an iron core 4, a coil frame 5 and a coil 6, wherein the coil 6 is wound in the coil frame 5, and the iron core 4 is located in the center hole of the coil frame 5; , the coil 6 is wound on the bobbin 5 through a winding device, and the iron core 4 is inserted into the center hole of the bobbin 5, and the pole surface area of the iron core 4 is larger than the central hole area of the bobbin 5.
  • the yoke group includes a yoke 7, a yoke fixing frame 8 and a permanent magnet 9, wherein the yoke 7 is in an L-shaped structure, and the short side of the L-shaped yoke 7 is provided with a yoke fixing Frame 8, yoke fixed frame 8 and yoke 7 are fixed by rivets.
  • a permanent magnet 9 is also arranged on the yoke 7 , and the permanent magnet 9 is fixed by the yoke fixing frame 8 .
  • the permanent magnet 9 is arranged inside the yoke iron group.
  • the permanent magnet 9 When the present invention is in use, the permanent magnet 9 is arranged on one side, and a part of the magnetic flux is provided through the permanent magnet 9 to increase the holding force of the relay, thereby reducing power consumption.
  • the permanent magnet 9 is placed in the reserved hole of the yoke iron fixing frame 8, and the position is limited through the reserved hole on the yoke iron fixing frame 8.
  • the permanent magnet 9 is closely attached to the yoke iron 7, and the permanent magnet 9 and the iron The magnetic attraction between the magnetic materials achieves the fixation.
  • the LED unit 20 is arranged on the yoke 7, and the LED unit 20 is fixed on the yoke 7 through the buckle structure at both ends of the yoke fixing frame 8, and the wires drawn from both sides of the LED unit 20 connected to coil 6.
  • the base 11 is provided with a static contact assembly 12 and a moving contact assembly 13 , wherein the static contact assembly 12 and the moving contact assembly 13 are in contact with each other through parallel double contacts.
  • the moving contact assembly 13 is connected to the limiting frame 14, and the static contact assembly 12 is connected to the upper and lower ends of the moving contact assembly 13 with respect to the limiting frame 14.
  • the static contact assemblies 12 are in contact, wherein the spaces where each set of moving contact assemblies 13 inside the limit frame 14 are independent of each other.
  • the bottom end of the base 11 is provided with a power connector, and the power strip 15 is provided in the power connector.
  • the static contact assembly 12 , the movable contact assembly 13 , the power strip 15 and the like are fixed in the base 11 by injection molding.
  • the contact between the moving contact assembly 13 and the static contact assembly 12 is a line contact, wherein two of the static contact assemblies 12 are used in conjunction with one of the moving contact assemblies 13 .
  • the static contact assembly 12 includes a static spring 16 and a static contact 17, wherein the static spring 16 adopts a Y-shaped structure, the static contact 17 is arranged at the end of the static spring 16, and the static contact 17 contacts the surface Adopt planar structure.
  • the moving contact assembly 13 includes a moving reed 18 and a moving contact 19, wherein the moving reed 18 adopts a square structure hollowed out in the middle, and the moving reed 18 is inserted into the hole of the pull rod 3.
  • the contact point 19 is arranged on the upper and lower surfaces of the movable reed 18, and the contact surface of the movable contact point 19 adopts an arc surface structure.
  • the key parts of the base group are the static contact assembly 12, the moving contact assembly 13, and the limit frame 14.
  • the static reed 16 in the static contact assembly 12 adopts a Y-shaped structure, which can effectively reduce the stiffness of the reed.
  • 18 Due to the large action stroke, the square structure hollowed out in the middle is used to reduce the stiffness of the reed while maintaining the stress strength of the root of the reed.
  • the static contact assembly 12 and the moving contact assembly 13 are matched contacts of parallel double contacts, that is, two static contacts 17 and one moving contact 19 are used together, which greatly improves the contact reliability.
  • the contact surface of the static contact 17 adopts a planar structure
  • the contact surface of the moving contact 19 adopts an arc surface structure.
  • the contact between the two is a line contact. Considering that actual production cannot achieve perfect surface contact, the line contact is the best contact to ensure contact reliability. Way.
  • the limit frame 14 is in contact with the upper and lower sets of static contact assemblies 12 to ensure the movement stroke of the static contact assemblies 12, and at the same time prevent the corresponding disconnected static contacts when one or more sets of static contacts 17 and moving contacts 19 accidentally stick together.
  • the contact 17 and the moving contact 19 will not be in contact, ensuring the safety of the relay contact connection circuit, and the space of each group of moving contact components 13 inside the limit frame 14 is independent of each other, which ensures that the moving reed 18 will not affect other parts when it breaks accidentally.
  • the operation of the contact group avoids short circuit between contact circuits.
  • a rotating shaft 10 is provided at the joint between the armature fixing frame 2 and the yoke fixing frame 8, and the parts of the armature fixing frame 2 and the yoke fixing frame 8 are overlapped to form an "n" shape, and the rotating shaft 10
  • the armature set rotates around the rotating shaft 10 through the holes provided at both ends of the “n” shape of the armature fixing frame 2 and the yoke fixing frame 8 .
  • connection with the corresponding fixing frame can be realized by means of riveting, welding, clipping or bolts, etc., usually riveting;
  • the relative arrangement makes the whole into an "n" shape, and the two can rotate around the rotating shaft 10 at a certain angle, and then drive the armature 1 and the yoke 7 to rotate, and then, according to the specific structure of the relay, the contacts can be in a contact or disconnected state .
  • Both the armature fixing frame 2 and the yoke fixing frame 8 are "U" shaped, or in other words, have flanged structures on both sides. And the matching part of the armature fixed frame 2 and the yoke fixed frame 8 is located in the "U" shape of the armature fixed frame 2, and is surrounded by the flange; similarly, the armature fixed frame 2 is located in the yoke fixed frame 8, and can be freely moved along the The rotating shaft 10 is movable; and the yoke fixing frame 8 is located at the short side of the L shape of the yoke 7 .
  • retaining rings are clamped on the outer sides of the yoke fixing frame 8 at both ends of the rotating shaft 10 , and gaskets are provided on the rotating shaft 10 between the armature fixing frame 2 and the yoke fixing frame 8 to prevent wear.
  • the movable reed 18 is inserted into the hole of the pull rod 3 , thereby realizing the linkage between the electromagnetic structure and the reaction force system.
  • the LED unit 20 is fixed on the yoke 7 through the buckle structure at both ends, and the wires drawn from both sides are connected to the coil 6, so that the coil 6 can supply power to the LED lamp and the reverse diode in the LED unit 20 at the same time, and the LED lamp can To display the working state of the relay, the reverse diode can suppress the reverse current generated when the coil 6 is powered off.
  • the base group and the electromagnetic structure are fixed by screws.
  • the moving reed 18 is fixed on the armature 1, and the moving reed 18 is driven to move during the movement of the armature 1.
  • the top of the moving reed 18 is provided with a connecting part, and a moving contact 19 is connected to one side of the connecting part.
  • the movable contact 19 is driven to move so that it can be in contact with or disconnected from the static contact 17.
  • the suction force generated by the electromagnetic system of the relay is transmitted to the moving reed 18 through the armature, and one end of the moving reed 18 is provided with a moving
  • the contacts 19 are in contact with the static contacts 17 on both sides of the inner side during the movement of the moving reed 18, and the problem of unstable contact resistance is solved by the parallel double contact line contact structure.
  • the iron core group and the yoke iron group are fixed by screws, and the screws pass through the holes on the yoke iron 7 to fix the iron core 4.
  • the pole surface area of the iron core 4 is larger than the center hole area of the coil frame 5, so that the limit of the coil frame 5 is realized. bit.
  • the armature group and the yoke group are fixed by the rotating shaft 10, and the rotating shaft 10 is inserted into the holes at both ends of the armature fixing frame 2 and the yoke fixing frame 8, so that the displacement relationship between the armature group and the yoke group is fixed, and at the same time, the armature group can rotate around the rotating shaft 10 Perform a swivel motion.
  • the static contact assembly 12, the moving contact assembly 13, the power piece 15, etc. are fixed in the base group by injection molding, and the limit frame 14 is connected to the slot at the corresponding position of the base 11 through the buckle structure at both ends. Fits, secures in base set.
  • the armature 1, the iron core 4, and the yoke 7 are made of soft magnetic materials
  • the armature fixing frame 2, the pull rod 3, the coil frame 5, the yoke fixing frame 8 and the rotating shaft 10 are all made of non-magnetic materials
  • the coil 6 is made of copper.
  • the electromagnetic system when the relay is not energized and is in the released state, the electromagnetic system contains two permanent magnet working air gaps, one large and one small, and the small air gap circuit is: permanent magnet 9 ⁇ armature 1 ⁇ yoke 7 ⁇ permanent magnet 9, large air gap
  • the circuit is: permanent magnet 9 ⁇ armature 1 ⁇ iron core 4 ⁇ yoke 7 ⁇ permanent magnet 9. After the permanent magnetic field passes through the two air gap circuits, the suction force generated on the side of the armature 1 is greater than that on the top, so the armature 1 can be kept in the released position.
  • the coil 6 when the coil 6 is supplied with current in a specific direction, the coil 6 generates an electromagnetic field inside the electromagnetic structure, and its direction is: iron core 4 ⁇ yoke 7 ⁇ armature 1 ⁇ iron core 4 .
  • the electromagnetic field is opposite to the direction of the permanent magnetic field in the permanent magnet small air gap circuit and cancels each other out. In the permanent magnet large air gap circuit, it is in the same direction as the permanent magnetic field and superimposed on each other. Therefore, during the electrification process, the permanent magnetic field can help the relay pull in .
  • the armature 1 starts to rotate, and at the same time, the air gap in the permanent magnet small air gap magnetic circuit gradually increases, and the permanent magnet 9 acts on the armature 1.
  • the permanent magnet attraction force decreases, and the armature 1 rotates faster speed, until it contacts with the iron core 4, and the suction process is completed. Due to the existence of the permanent magnet 9, the efficiency of the electromagnetic flux is improved, and the power consumption of the coil 6 can be reduced under the same holding force condition; the holding force can also be improved under the same coil 6 power consumption condition, thereby improving the relay in the release state. Anti-vibration, anti-shock ability.
  • the permanent magnet circuits are all large-gap circuits, so in the pull-in state, there will not be too much permanent magnet attraction between the armature 1 and the iron core 4 , the armature group receives the reaction force from the contact spring structure through the pull rod 3, the armature group rotates from the suction position to the release position until it reaches the release position, and the relay completes the release process.
  • the novel monostable locomotive on-board relay provided by the present invention can improve the efficiency of the magnetic circuit, reduce the power of the relay, and solve the problems of low release and holding force of the snap-in relay, poor anti-vibration and anti-shock ability, serious rebound of normally closed contacts, etc., and can effectively
  • the reliability of contact contact is greatly improved, and the matching limit structure is designed to ensure the safety of the contact circuit on the basis of improving reliability.

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  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种带永磁的单稳态拍合式继电器,其技术方案要点是包括衔铁组、铁芯组、轭铁组和底座，所述轭铁组内部设置永磁体，其中永磁体放置在衔铁固定架的预留孔中，通过衔铁固定架上的孔进行限位，永磁体与轭铁密贴，通过永磁体与铁磁材料之间的磁吸力实现固定。本发明在磁路中加入永磁结构，通过永磁磁路提供释放保持力；在衔铁开始转动后由于气隙的变化可使永磁保持力迅速降低，帮助继电器提升吸合速度。同时底座上设有限位架，当某一接点出现粘连故障时，避免出现常开常闭接点同时闭合情况。且限位架上设有隔离墙，将各组动接点和静接点限制在单独隔间内，防止动簧片断裂导致接点桥接。

Description

一种带永磁的单稳态拍合式继电器 技术领域
本发明属于电磁继电器技术领域，具体涉及一种带永磁的单稳态拍合式继电器。
背景技术
目前国内铁路机车上所使用的机车车载继电器零件复杂、接点故障率高，同时所采用的单稳态拍合式结构多为弹簧或弹片提供释放保持力或反力。在吸合过程中随着衔铁旋转，弹簧或弹片提供的反力呈线性增加，为使继电器完成吸合，需要线圈提供更大的电磁吸力。这就要求线圈具备较大功率和更多的耗电。且目前结构由于在整个吸合过程中均存在弹簧或弹片的反力与电磁吸力竞争，导致吸合速度较慢。
现有的单稳态机车车载继电器，是通过线圈通电产生电磁吸力驱动衔铁转动使继电器吸合，线圈断电时继电器反力驱动衔铁复位使继电器释放。具体过程是，当电磁吸力增大到大于反力弹簧或弹片与动接触点簧片叠加作用产生的反力时，衔铁开始向铁芯方向转动，带动常闭接点断开、常开接点闭合，完成继电器释放过程。在吸合与释放过程中，衔铁的运动速度取决于电磁吸力与反力的竞争关系。释放位置处，在某一时刻吸力大于反力时，衔铁开始向吸合位置处运动。传统单稳态继电器多使用反力弹簧或弹片增大继电器释放位置处保持力，这样不仅使继电器零件结构更加复杂，同时弹簧或弹片的弹力随着形变的增加而增大，这使继电器在吸合过程中衔铁的运动速度受到影响。
同时，现有单稳态机车车载继电器多为单触头接点结构，接点接触可靠性不高，出现故障也多为接点接触不良，接点接触不良将导致高铁列车停车等严重影响。现在有单稳态机车车载继电器，多不是强制导向接点结构，存在发生接点熔焊等故障时常开接点与常闭接点同时闭合的现象，导致造成严 重的安全问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种带永磁的单稳态拍合式继电器，以解决上述背景技术中提出的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：一种带永磁的单稳态拍合式继电器，所述继电器包括衔铁组、轭铁组和底座；其中，
衔铁组，包括L型衔铁、衔铁固定架和拉杆，其中所述衔铁固定架固定在所述衔铁短边上，所述拉杆垂直设置在所述衔铁长边的末端，所述拉杆绕所述衔铁自由转动；
轭铁组，包括L型轭铁、轭铁固定架和永磁体，其中，所述轭铁固定架固定在所述轭铁的短边上,所述轭铁上设置有永磁体，所述轭铁固定架上设置有放置所述永磁体的预留孔，所述永磁体与所述轭铁密贴；
底座，所述底座上开设有静接点组件、动接点组件和限位架，其中，所述静接点组件与动接点组件之间并联双触头配合接触；所述限位架为框架形式，所述限位架底端设置有卡扣，所述底座在卡扣相对应位置处设置有卡槽，所述限位架和底座通过卡扣配合固定在所述底座上。
优选的，所述衔铁固定架与轭铁固定架连接处设置有转轴，所述衔铁固定架与轭铁固定架二者部分搭接成“n”型，所述转轴穿入衔铁固定架和轭铁固定架“n”型两端设置的孔中，所述拉杆与衔铁端部通过安装孔搭接，所述衔铁组绕所述转轴旋转。
优选的，所述继电器还包括铁芯组，铁芯组包括铁芯、线圈架和线圈，其中，所述线圈绕制在线圈架中，所述铁芯位于线圈架中心孔中。
优选的，所述铁芯的极面面积大于线圈架中心孔面积。
优选的，所述轭铁上设置有LED单元，所述LED单元通过轭铁固定架两端的卡扣结构固定在所述轭铁上，所述LED单元两边引出的导线与线圈相接。
优选的，所述限位架连接有动接点组件，所述限位架相对于所述动接点组件上下两端面上连接有静接点组件，所述限位架与上下两组静接点组件接触，其中，限位架内部每组动接点组件所在空间相互独立。
优选的，所述底座的底端开设有电源接头，电源片开设于所述电源接头中。
优选的，所述静接点组件、动接点组件、电源片等通过注塑的方式固定在底座中。
优选的，所述动接点组件与所述静接点组件二者之间的接触为线接触，其中，两个所述静接点组件与一个所述动接点组件配合使用。
优选的，所述静接点组件包括静簧片、静接点，其中，
所述静簧片采用Y型结构，所述静接点设置于静簧片末端，所述静接点接触面采用平面结构。
优选的，所述动接点组件包括动簧片、动接点，其中，
所述动簧片采用中间挖空的方形结构，动簧片插入拉杆的孔隙中，所述动接点设置于动簧片的上下两面上，所述动接点接触面采用弧面结构。
优选的，所述衔铁、铁芯、轭铁采用软磁材料，所述衔铁固定架、拉杆、线圈架、轭铁固定架和转轴均采用不导磁材料，所述线圈的材料为铜。
本发明的技术效果和优点：
本发明提供一种新型单稳态机车车载继电器，在磁路中加入永磁结构，通过永磁磁路提供释放保持力，在衔铁开始转动后由于气隙的变化可使永磁保持力迅速降低，能够降低线圈功率并提高吸合速度。本发明设计了一种新型反力系统，能够有效增大接点的接触可靠性，同时设计了与反力系统相匹配的限位装置。当继电器闭合接点发生粘连时，避免出现断开接点接通的现象，保护接点电路安全。
本发明提供的一种新型单稳态机车车载继电器，继电器处于释放位置处 由永磁吸力提供保持力，随着线圈通电，继电器衔铁向吸合位置运动过程中，由于永磁体工作气隙的增大，永磁吸力会逐渐减小，这使得衔铁能够更快速的完成运动过程。永磁磁路还能够与线圈磁路协同工作，降低继电器吸合所需的功耗。本发明设计了一种新的双触头结构，能够有效的提升接点接触的可靠性，并且设计了相匹配的限位结构，在提升可靠性的基础上，保证了接点回路的安全性。
附图说明
图1为本发明的继电器整机示意图；
图2为本发明的电磁结构整体示意图；
图3为本发明的衔铁组结构示意图；
图4为本发明的铁芯组结构示意图；
图5为本发明的轭铁组结构示意图；
图6为本发明的底座结构示意图；
图7为本发明的静接点组件示意图；
图8为本发明的动接点组件示意图；
图9为释放状态下线圈未通电时电磁结构原理示意图；
图10为释放状态下线圈通电时电磁结构原理示意图；
图11为吸合状态下线圈断电时电磁结构原理示意图。
图中：1-衔铁；2-衔铁固定架；3-拉杆；4-铁芯；5-线圈架；6-线圈；7-轭铁；8-轭铁固定架；9-永磁体；10-转轴；11-底座；12-静接点组件；13-动接点组件；14-限位架；15-电源片；16-静簧片；17-静接点；18-动簧片；19-动接点；20-LED单元。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而 不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明提出了一种新型单稳态拍合式继电器，包括电磁系统、触簧系统的具体结构和实现方法。以永磁体替代传统反力弹簧/弹片用以增强继电器释放状态下的保持力，提高了抗振动冲击性能，同时降低了零件复杂性。永磁体在增大释放保持力的同时，能够帮助继电器提升吸合速度，提高电磁磁通的效率。接点采用双触头并联线接触方式，提升继电器的接触可靠性，并以限位架保证接点回路的安全性。
本发明提供了一种带永磁的单稳态拍合式继电器，包括衔铁组、铁芯组、轭铁组和底座组，其中，参见图1，
衔铁组，包括衔铁1、衔铁固定架2和拉杆3，其中所述衔铁固定架2固定在所述衔铁1短边上，所述拉杆3垂直设置在所述衔铁1长边的末端，所述拉杆3绕所述衔铁1自由转动；
轭铁组，包括L型轭铁7、轭铁固定架8和永磁体9，其中，所述轭铁固定架8固定在所述轭铁7的短边上,所述轭铁7上设置有永磁体9，所述轭铁固定架8设置有放置所述永磁体9的预留孔，所述永磁体9与所述轭铁7密贴；
铁芯组包括铁芯4、线圈架5和线圈6，其中，所述线圈6绕制在线圈架5中，所述铁芯4位于线圈架5中心孔中。
底座11，所述底座上开设有静接点组件12和动接点组件13，其中，所述静接点组件12与动接点组件13之间通过并联双触头配合接触。所述底座11上还设置有限位架14，所述限位架14为框架形式，所述限位架14底端设置有卡扣，所述底座11在卡扣相对应位置处设置有卡槽，所述限位架14和底座11卡扣配合固定在所述底座11上。
参见图3，衔铁组包括L型衔铁1、衔铁固定架2和拉杆3，其中所述衔 铁固定架2固定在所述衔铁1短边上，所述衔铁1与衔铁固定架2通过铆钉固定。所述拉杆3垂直设置在衔铁1的另一端，拉杆3上设置有孔隙，所述衔铁1和拉杆3通过铆钉固定。所述拉杆3绕所述衔铁1自由转动，拉杆3为继电器电磁结构和反力系统的传动件，带动底座组中的动接点组件13共同运动。所述拉杆3为框架结构，当发生单点故障时，结构单点损坏不会造成拉杆3传动功能失效。
参见图4，铁芯组包括铁芯4、线圈架5和线圈6，其中，所述线圈6绕制在线圈架5中，所述铁芯4位于线圈架5中心孔中；铁芯组中，线圈6通过绕线装置缠绕在线圈架5上，铁芯4插入到线圈架5中心孔中，所述铁芯4的极面面积大于线圈架5中心孔面积。
参见图5，轭铁组包括轭铁7、轭铁固定架8和永磁体9，其中，所述轭铁7呈L型结构，所述轭铁7的L型的短边开设有轭铁固定架8，轭铁固定架8与轭铁7通过铆钉固定。轭铁7上还设置有永磁体9，所述轭铁固定架8固定所述永磁体9。所述轭铁组内部设置永磁体9，本发明在使用时，一侧设置永磁体9，通过永磁体9提供了部分磁通，增大继电器保持力，从而可以减少功耗。其中永磁体9放置在轭铁固定架8的预留孔中，通过轭铁固定架8上的预留孔进行限位，所述永磁体9与轭铁7密贴，通过永磁体9与铁磁材料之间的磁吸力实现固定。
参见图1，所述轭铁7上设置有LED单元20，所述LED单元20通过轭铁固定架8两端的卡扣结构固定在所述轭铁7上，所述LED单元20两边引出的导线与线圈6相接。
参见图6，所述底座11上开设有静接点组件12和动接点组件13，其中，所述静接点组件12与动接点组件13之间通过并联双触头配合接触。
所述限位架14连接有所述动接点组件13，所述限位架14相对于所述动接点组件13上下两端面上连接有静接点组件12，所述限位架14与上下两组 静接点组件12接触，其中，限位架14内部每组动接点组件13所在空间相互独立。所述底座11的底端开设有电源接头，所述电源片15开设于所述电源接头中。所述静接点组件12、动接点组件13、电源片15等通过注塑的方式固定在底座11中。
所述动接点组件13与所述静接点组件12二者之间的接触为线接触，其中，两个所述静接点组件12与一个所述动接点组件13配合使用。
参见图7，静接点组件12包括静簧片16、静接点17，其中，所述静簧片16采用Y型结构，所述静接点17设置于静簧片16末端，所述静接点17接触面采用平面结构。
参见图8，所述动接点组件13包括动簧片18、动接点19，其中，所述动簧片18采用中间挖空的方形结构，动簧片18插入拉杆3的孔隙中，所述动接点19设置于动簧片18的上下两面上，所述动接点19接触面采用弧面结构。
底座组的关键部分是静接点组件12、动接点组件13、限位架14，所述静接点组件12中的静簧片16采用Y型结构，能够有效减小簧片的刚度，动簧片18由于动作行程较大，采用中间挖空的方形结构，在减小簧片刚度的同时，保持了簧片根部的受应力强度。静接点组件12与动接点组件13为并联双触头配合接触，即两个静接点17与一个动接点19配合使用，大大提升了接触可靠性。静接点17接触面采用平面结构，动接点19接触面采用弧面结构，二者之间的接触为线接触，考虑实际生产无法实现完美的面接触，线接触为保证接触可靠性的最佳接触方式。限位架14与上下两组静接点组件12接触，保证静接点组件12的运动行程，同时防止当一组或多组静接点17与动接点19在发生意外粘连时，所对应断开的静接点17与动接点19不会接触，保证继电器接点连接电路的安全，并且限位架14内部每组动接点组件13所在空间相互独立，这保证了动簧片18发生意外断裂时不会影响其他接点组的运行，避免接点电路之间短路。
参见图2，所述衔铁固定架2与轭铁固定架8连接处设置有转轴10，所述衔铁固定架2与轭铁固定架8二者部分搭接成“n”型，所述转轴10穿入衔铁固定架2和轭铁固定架8“n”型两端设置的孔中，所述衔铁组绕转轴10旋转。其中，与相应固定架的连接可通过铆接、焊接、卡接或螺栓等方式实现，通常是铆接；衔铁固定架2和轭铁固定架8通过转轴配合连接，且二者有部分搭接，部分相对设置，使整体成一“n”形，并且二者可绕转轴10旋转一定角度，进而带动衔铁1和轭铁7旋转，进而，根据继电器的具体结构可以使触点处于接触或断开的状态。
衔铁固定架2和轭铁固定架8均为“U”形，或者说两侧带有翻边的结构。且衔铁固定架2与轭铁固定架8的配合部分位于衔铁固定架2的“U”形内，被翻边包住；同样，衔铁固定架2位于轭铁固定架8内，且可自由沿转轴10旋转活动；而轭铁固定架8位于所述轭铁7的L型短边位置处。
进一步地，在转轴10的两端轭铁固定架8的外侧卡接有挡圈，在转轴10上位于衔铁固定架2和轭铁固定架8之间的位置设有垫片，以防磨损。
参见图1，动簧片18插入拉杆3的孔隙中，由此实现电磁结构与反力系统之间的联动。LED单元20通过两端的卡扣结构固定在轭铁7上，两边引出的导线与线圈6相接，使得线圈6通电时能够同时给LED单元20内的LED灯和反向二极管供电，LED灯能够显示继电器的工作状态，反向二极管能够抑制线圈6断电时产生的反向电流。底座组与电磁结构之间通过螺钉固定。
动簧片18固定在衔铁1上，在衔铁1运动的过程中带动动簧片18运动，动簧片18的顶端设置有连接部件，连接部件的一侧连接有动接点19，通过动簧片带动动接点19活动，使其能够与静接点17接触或断开。当线圈通电时，线圈产生的磁通开始增大，线圈6对衔铁1的磁场力开始增大，继电器电磁系统产生的吸力通过衔铁传递给动簧片18，动簧片18的一端设置有动接点19，在动簧片18运动的过程中分别与里两侧的静接点17相接触，通过并联 双触头线接触结构，解决接触电阻不稳定的问题。
铁芯组与轭铁组之间通过螺钉固定，将螺钉穿过轭铁7上的孔与铁芯4固定，铁芯4的极面面积大于线圈架5中心孔面积，实现线圈架5的限位。衔铁组与轭铁组通过转轴10固定，将转轴10穿入衔铁固定架2和轭铁固定架8两端的孔中，使衔铁组与轭铁组之间位移关系固定，同时衔铁组能够绕转轴10进行旋转运动。
参见图5，静接点组件12、动接点组件13、电源片15等通过注塑的方式固定在底座组中，限位架14通过两端的卡扣结构，与底座11相对应位置处的卡槽相配合，固定在底座组中。
衔铁1、铁芯4、轭铁7采用软磁材料，衔铁固定架2、拉杆3、线圈架5、轭铁固定架8和转轴10均采用不导磁材料，线圈6的材料为铜。
参见图9，在继电器未通电处于释放状态，电磁系统中含有一大一小两个永磁工作气隙，小气隙回路为：永磁体9→衔铁1→轭铁7→永磁体9，大气隙回路为：永磁体9→衔铁1→铁芯4→轭铁7→永磁体9。永磁磁场通过两个气隙回路后在衔铁1侧面产生的吸力大于顶部，因此衔铁1能够保持在释放位置。
参见图10，当线圈6通以特定方向电流时，线圈6在电磁结构内部产生了电磁磁场，其方向为：铁芯4→轭铁7→衔铁1→铁芯4。电磁磁场与在永磁小气隙回路中与永磁磁场方向相反、相互抵消，在永磁大气隙回路中与永磁磁场方向相同、相互叠加，因此通电过程中，永磁磁场能够帮助继电器吸合。当电磁吸力与反力之差大于0时，衔铁1开始转动，同时永磁小气隙磁路中气隙逐渐增大，永磁体9作用在衔铁1上的永磁吸力减小，加快衔铁1转动速度，直至与铁芯4接触，完成吸合过程。由于永磁体9的存在，提高了电磁磁通的效率，可以在相同保持力条件下降低线圈6功耗；亦可以在相同线圈6功耗条件下，提高保持力，进而改善继电器在释放状态的抗振、抗 冲击能力。
参见图11，当继电器处于吸合状态，线圈6断电时，永磁回路均为大气隙回路，因此在吸合状态下，衔铁1与铁芯4之间不会产生太大的永磁吸力，衔铁组通过拉杆3受到来自触簧结构的反力，衔铁组由吸合位置向释放位置转动，直至到达释放位置，继电器完成释放过程。
本发明提供的新型单稳态机车车载继电器，可以提高磁路效率，降低继电器功率，解决了拍合式继电器释放保持力低、抗振抗冲击能力差、常闭接点回跳严重等问题，能够有效的提升接点接触可靠性，并设计了相匹配的限位结构，在提升可靠性的基础上，保证了接点回路的安全性。
最后应说明的是：以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种带永磁的单稳态拍合式继电器，其特征在于：所述继电器包括衔铁组、轭铁组和底座(11)；其中，
    衔铁组，包括L型衔铁(1)、衔铁固定架(2)和拉杆(3)，其中，所述衔铁固定架(2)固定在所述衔铁(1)短边上，所述拉杆(3)垂直设置在所述衔铁(1)长边的末端，所述拉杆(3)绕所述衔铁(1)自由转动；
    轭铁组，包括L型轭铁(7)、轭铁固定架(8)和永磁体(9)，其中，所述轭铁固定架(8)固定在所述轭铁(7)的短边上,所述轭铁(7)上设置有永磁体(9)，所述轭铁固定架(8)上设置有放置所述永磁体(9)的预留孔，所述永磁体(9)与所述轭铁(7)密贴；
    底座(11)，所述底座上开设有静接点组件(12)、动接点组件(13)和限位架(14)，其中，所述静接点组件(12)与动接点组件(13)之间并联双触头配合接触；所述限位架(14)为框架形式，所述限位架(14)底端设置有卡扣，所述底座(11)在卡扣相对应位置处设置有卡槽，所述限位架(14)和底座(11)通过卡扣配合固定在所述底座(11)上。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种带永磁的单稳态拍合式继电器，其特征在于：所述衔铁固定架(2)与轭铁固定架(8)连接处设置有转轴(10)，所述衔铁固定架(2)与轭铁固定架(8)二者部分搭接成“n”型，所述转轴(10)穿入衔铁固定架(2)和轭铁固定架(8)“n”型两端设置的孔中，所述拉杆(3)与衔铁(1)端部通过安装孔搭接，所述衔铁组绕所述转轴(10)旋转。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种带永磁的单稳态拍合式继电器，其特征在于：所述继电器还包括铁芯组，铁芯组包括铁芯(4)、线圈架(5)和线圈(6)，其中，所述线圈(6)绕制在线圈架(5)中，所述铁芯(4)位于线圈架(5)中心孔中。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种带永磁的单稳态拍合式继电器，其特征在于：所述铁芯(4)的极面面积大于线圈架(5)中心孔面积。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种带永磁的单稳态拍合式继电器，其特征在于：所述轭铁(7)上设置有LED单元(20)，所述LED单元(20)通过轭铁固定架(8)两端的卡扣结构固定在所述轭铁(7)上，所述LED单元(20)两边引出的导线与线圈(6)相接。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种带永磁的单稳态拍合式继电器，其特征在于：所述限位架(14)连接有动接点组件(13)，所述限位架(14)相对于所述动接点组件(13)上下两端面连接有静接点组件(12)，所述限位架(14)与上下两组静接点组件(12)接触，其中，所述限位架(14)内部每组动接点组件(13)所在空间相互独立。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种带永磁的单稳态拍合式继电器，其特征在于：所述底座(11)的底端开设有电源接头，电源片(15)开设于所述电源接头中，所述电源接头注塑在所述底座(11)中。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的一种带永磁的单稳态拍合式继电器，其特征在于：所述静接点组件(12)、动接点组件(13)注塑在所述底座(11)中。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的一种带永磁的单稳态拍合式继电器，其特征在于：所述动接点组件(13)与所述静接点组件(12)二者之间的接触为线接触，其中，两个所述静接点组件(12)与一个所述动接点组件(13)配合使用。
  10. 根据权利要求8或9所述的一种带永磁的单稳态拍合式继电器，其特征在于：所述静接点组件(12)包括静簧片(16)、静接点(17)，其中，
    所述静簧片(16)采用Y型结构，所述静接点(17)设置于静簧片(16)末端，所述静接点(17)接触面采用平面结构。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的一种带永磁的单稳态拍合式继电器，其特征在于：所述动接点组件(13)包括动簧片(18)、动接点(19)，其中，
    所述动簧片(18)采用中间挖空的方形结构，其中，动簧片(18)插入 所述拉杆(3)的孔隙中，所述动接点(19)设置于动簧片(18)的上下两面上，所述动接点(19)接触面采用弧面结构。
  12. 根据权利要求3所述的一种带永磁的单稳态拍合式继电器，其特征在于：所述衔铁(1)、铁芯(4)、轭铁(7)采用软磁材料，所述衔铁固定架(2)、拉杆(3)、线圈架(5)和轭铁固定架(8)采用不导磁材料，所述线圈(6)的材料为铜。
PCT/CN2021/117249 2021-09-08 2021-09-08 一种带永磁的单稳态拍合式继电器 WO2023035151A1 (zh)

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