WO2023035049A1 - SISTEMA DE COMBUSTÃO COM EMISSÃO ULTRABAIXA DE NOx E MÉTODO DE MISTURA RÁPIDA DE COMBUSTÍVEL - Google Patents
SISTEMA DE COMBUSTÃO COM EMISSÃO ULTRABAIXA DE NOx E MÉTODO DE MISTURA RÁPIDA DE COMBUSTÍVEL Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023035049A1 WO2023035049A1 PCT/BR2021/050385 BR2021050385W WO2023035049A1 WO 2023035049 A1 WO2023035049 A1 WO 2023035049A1 BR 2021050385 W BR2021050385 W BR 2021050385W WO 2023035049 A1 WO2023035049 A1 WO 2023035049A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- injector
- combustion system
- air
- gas
- fuel gas
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 52
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 7
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 for example Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
- F23D14/70—Baffles or like flow-disturbing devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
- F23D14/48—Nozzles
- F23D14/58—Nozzles characterised by the shape or arrangement of the outlet or outlets from the nozzle, e.g. of annular configuration
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
- F23D14/62—Mixing devices; Mixing tubes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
- F23D14/62—Mixing devices; Mixing tubes
- F23D14/64—Mixing devices; Mixing tubes with injectors
Definitions
- This patent deals with a combustion system with ultra-low NOx emission and a quick fuel mixing method.
- Said method allows the rapid mixing of fuel gas, for example, natural gas, and combustion air, so as to compose an intense mixing of the rotational "swirl" air flow with a plurality of jets of fuel gas discharged into this flow.
- the design of the combustion system and its method of operation combine advantageous operating characteristics for rapid mixing in the injection nozzle, which allow achieving extremely low emissions of NOx, CO and hydrocarbons.
- Nitrogen oxides NO and NO2 are typically formed by the reaction of N 2 and O 2 at high temperatures during the combustion process.
- the highest temperatures, where there is most thermal NOx formation, are observed around the stoichiometric zones of the flame and can be as high as 1925 °C / 3500 °F for flames originating from the combustion of natural gas in air. Reducing the formation of temperature peaks in the flames, or even eliminating them, is the goal of many manufacturers and suppliers of burners with ultra low NOx emissions.
- the mixing device (“mixer”) consists of two concentric tubes: inner tube, through which the high pressure fuel gas is injected; and external tube, through which the combustion air flows. Fuel and air mix along the inside of the annular section of the "mixer", creating a "lean” mixture, with up to 70% excess air above the stoichiometric amount of air required for complete combustion.
- the lean mixture forms an adiabatic low temperature flame of around 1000°C/1850°F, with reduced formation of thermal NOx.
- the aforementioned long tube models have several drawbacks, such as the need for relatively long burners to accommodate this configuration, as this requires mixing tubes with a high length/diameter ratio to achieve adequate mixing of air with fuel gas, , and the need for flame stabilizing devices at the exit of the tubes.
- the velocity of the fuel-air mixture inside the mixing tubes may become excessively low, which may cause flashback of the flame inside the tubes, which does not is acceptable for stable burner operation.
- the rotational air fins are made from metal sheets that form a hollow structure. Fuel gas flows through this structure and is injected into the air stream through a plurality of orifices located in the fins. Injection holes are located on the downstream edge of each fin. There is no fuel flow between the fins, only combustion air flow, which is in the process of changing from a strictly axial flow to a flow with both axial and axial components. rotational (“swirl"). The fuel gas is injected parallel to the air flow which can extend the mixing time and therefore lengthen the total mixing length. That is, this model does not have the advantages of the "fast mix” burners. [008] Another disadvantage is that the hollow fin model described above is relatively complex to manufacture and, therefore, more expensive.
- the rapid mixing burner model manufactured by 'Eclipse Inc.' It uses a turbulator consisting of thick-walled deflector fins, made of cast material (iron or carbon/stainless steel). Each fin is designed with a "step", downstream, in the same direction as the air flow, where the fuel gas injection holes are located. In their discharge, the fuel gas jets are protected, by the fin step, from instantaneous contact with the air current. The gas jets are discharged in a readial direction away from the centerline of the burner. The burner quickly mixes air and gas, provides a compact flame with rotating components ("swirl"), in operation with high excess air, producing NOx emissions of 10-20 ppm at 3% O 2 .
- swirl rotating components
- Another disadvantage is that, as the fins are thick and hollow, the number of fins on the turbulator, for a given burner diameter, is lower than that of the turbulator with non-hollow fins, made of sheet metal.
- the configuration with a smaller number of fins brings additional disadvantages for obtaining high numbers of "swirl", such as the need to use combustion air, less flame stability, flame formation with a less uniform angular thermal profile, among others.
- a new combustion system (10) with ultra-low NOx emission whose set consists of an external body (12) with an air inlet and mounting flanges (14)/(14') on both sides. sides.
- the body (12) is connected with a conical outlet element (18) and further with the cylindrical combustor (20).
- a second set of concentric tubes (24) and (26) provided with fins (42) and gas injectors (48) is inserted inside the outer body (12).
- the combustion air is supplied to the combustion system (10) by means of a fan or air blower, and flows through the annular channel formed by the outer body (12) and the tube (26) and then flows through the open passages between the fins (42) of the turbulator, thus forming a current with an intense rotational component.
- the fuel gas flows through the annular channel formed by the concentric tubes (24) and (26).
- the outer tube (26) has perforations (50), over which the gas injectors (48) are installed.
- the number of injectors (48), mounted between two adjacent fins (42), can vary from one to ten; in this specific case we present a model with three injectors (48) arranged between two adjacent fins (42).
- Each injector has perforated holes (52) through which the fuel gas (GC) is injected into the combustion air stream, which flows between adjacent fins (42). In this way, the fuel gas (GC) is uniformly distributed in the rotational air flow and throughout the circumference of the combustion system (10).
- the flame exits through the conical piece (18) towards the cylindrical combustor (20), which is significantly larger in diameter than the fast mixing zone.
- the main flame is established in the combustor.
- the diameter and length of the combustor (20) are determined such that the combustion reaction takes place completely within the combustor volume, with excess air required to reduce the adiabatic flame temperature and thus reduce NOx formation.
- the burner can operate with less excess air (10%-30%), but the combustor wall (20) and the front plate (38) may overheat. In this case, a cooling medium for these elements is necessary.
- the excess air level is an important element in controlling emissions from the combustion system (10).
- the fuel gas needs to be ideally mixed with combustion air before ignition and with excess air close to 60-70% to obtain low Nox levels, which can be in the range of 10-20 ppm corrected to 3% O2 .
- This is only valid for burners with fast "lean" mix nozzle or with "lean” premix design. For example, if we operate a standard burner with 60-70% excess air, the NOx can be 100 ppm or even higher.
- the combustor can be manufactured from refractory material.
- the use of excess air above 70% can lead to instability of the combustion system (10), but if the flame is still stable, it can lead to excessive formation of CO (carbon monoxide).
- Figure 1 shows an exploded perspective view of the elements that make up the combustion system in question
- Figure 2 represents a perspective view of the assembled system
- Figure 3 shows a view in longitudinal section A.A of the axis of the combustion system
- Figure 4 illustrates the assembly of gas supply tubes with gas inlet, turbulator fins and fuel gas injectors
- Figure 5 shows a perspective view of the turbulator, including positioning the fins and gas injectors in relation to each other;
- Figure 6 illustrates the gas injector discharge ports positioning themselves with different discharge angles to the air flow
- Figure 7 represents a cross-sectional view BB in a plane through the middle of the fins to illustrate the gas injectors positioning themselves in relation to each fin; It is
- Figure 8 shows a C.C longitudinal sectional view of the injectors to illustrate the distances and dimensions.
- This patent refers to the "COMBUSTION SYSTEM WITH ULTRA LOW NOx EMISSION AND RAPID FUEL MIXING METHOD", more precisely, it is a combustion system (10) for industrial combustion of the type applied in generators of hot gases, steam boilers, single burner installations, furnaces and other processes.
- Said combustion system (10) has an external body (12), which is preferably cylindrical in shape with mounting flanges (14)/(14') arranged at the inlet and outlet openings (see figures 1 and 2).
- Said external body (12) is equipped with an air inlet (16) of rectangular or cylindrical shape or any other suitable format for supplying combustion air to the external body (12).
- the outer body (12) is attached by the flange (14') to the conical element (18) (see figure 3) which, in turn, is mounted on the combustor (20), which can be made of stainless steel or refractory material, preferably cylindrical in shape.
- Said external body (12), conical element (18) and combustor (20) when assembled make up the main body of the combustion system (10).
- the fuel gas is supplied to the combustion system (10) through a fuel gas assembly (22) (see figure 4) provided with concentric tubes (24) and (26) composing an annular channel (28).
- the fuel gas (GC) inlet (30) is mounted orthogonally to the outer tube (26).
- a flange (34) blocks the inlet (32) with the potential possibility of installing, for example, an oil lance as a second fuel.
- the output side (36) is blocked with the plate (38) which is covered with an insulating layer (40).
- the outlet end of the fuel gas assembly (22) (36) is equipped with a plurality of fins (42) of curved shape (see figure 5), which together with the external surface of the tube (26) make up the passages (46) for the air flow to be deflected for the creation of the rotational movement ( "swirl").
- a set of three gas injectors (48) which can be attached by welding to the outer tube (26) or another form of attachment such as a thread (not shown), which provides a plurality of holes (50) aligned under each injector (48), enabling the flow of fuel gas (GC) from the annular space (28) into the injector (48).
- Each injector (48) has a plurality of openings (52) that inject the fuel gas (GC), with the angles (a), (P), (y) pre-arranged, into the combustion air flow.
- the height of the gas injectors (48) can vary in the direction of flow, for example, the first injector (48) has three injection holes (52), while the second injector (48) has four holes (52) and the third injector with five holes (52).
- the number of holes (52) for fuel gas (GC) in each injector (48) can vary, however the ratio of the discharge area between the injectors (48) is kept the same, the higher the injector (48) , the greater the number of discharge openings (52).
- Each gas injector (48) is mounted inclined so as to have its longitudinal axis as parallel as possible to the fin surface (42).
- Said discharge openings (52) are distributed along the injectors (48) so that the gas jets (GC) are uniformly discharged into the air stream from the bottom to the top of the passage (46). This arrangement ensures that each and every passageway (46) receives a uniformly distributed flow of fuel gas (GC) and thus there is rapid mixing between air and fuel gas (GC).
- the fuel gas assembly (22) is arranged inside the outer body (12) of the combustion system (10) and attached to it by the flange (54).
- the assembly may have a provision for inserting an additional alternative fuel lance, such as oil, aligned with the central axis (65) of the combustion system (10).
- the flange (34) is covering the opening (58) for this provision (see figure 4).
- Said fuel gas injectors (48) are arranged inside the air passages (46) and supported on the curvature surface of the fins (42) (see figures 3 and 6). Therefore, the fuel discharge holes (52) are located in a cavity low pressure aerodynamics, formed by the curvature of the fins (42), thus resulting in a better dissipation of the fuel gas jets in the air stream and, in this way, providing its faster mixing with air.
- Said injectors (48) are also arranged in a row along the direction of movement of the air stream, one after the other, and there may be three, as in the model shown, or in greater or lesser numbers.
- the distance (L) between the injectors (48) can vary from 1 to 2 diameters (D) of the injector.
- the first injector (48) installed is the shortest with height (Hl).
- the second injector (48) arranged between the first and third injector has an intermediate height (H2).
- the number of openings (52) and diameter (d) may vary depending on the thermal capacity and physical size of the combustion system (10), and in this embodiment, the first injector (48) is equipped with three openings (52 ), the second with four openings (52), and the third with five openings (52). For a given combustion system, all openings have the same diameter (d), but this may vary in size depending on the size and thermal capacity of the combustion system.
- the openings (52) are aligned in a row starting from the upper wall (66) of the injector (48), being equally distributed with a distance (X) (see figure 8) of about 2 to 3 diameters (d). Fuel gas is injected through openings (52) uniformly covering the distance from the bottom (68) to the top (66) of an air passage (46).
- the arrangement of the discharge openings (52) is done so that more fuel is injected into the upper part of the air passage (46), as the air mass flow is also higher in this part due to the exponential increase in cross-sectional area along the radius, starting from the burner axis (65)) of the combustion system (10) in a radial direction to the periphery thereof along the center line (56) of the combustion system (10) (see figure 7). Therefore, the smallest injector, of height Hl, has only three injection holes, since less fuel is required in the lower section, while the injectors of height (H2) and (H3) have more holes, since a greater amount of fuel is required in the lower sections. upper sections.
- Figure 6 represents the top view of the gas injectors (48) to illustrate the angles (a,
- the fuel gas discharge openings (52) direct the gas jets from the highest injector (H 3) at an angle (y) in relation to the burner axis (65) such that the direction is predominantly parallel to the line tangential to the external curve of the fin (42).
- the fuel gas discharge openings (52) direct the gas jets from the injector with a height (H2) at an angle (P) in relation to the burner axis (65) such that the direction is predominantly parallel to the axis (65) of the system of combustion (10), that is, with ( equal to zero.
- the fuel gas discharge openings (52) direct the injector gas jets with height (Hl) predominantly in the angle (a), which can be between 0 - 90 degrees to the axis (65) of the combustion system (10) This arrangement and combination of discharge angles allows for uniform and faster mixing than prior art designs.
- Said combustion system (10) is operated using a method of rapid mixing of fuel gas with a high excess of air to produce flames with ultra-low NOx emission that have the phases:
- GC Phase 2 - Fuel gas
- natural gas for example, natural gas
- the channel (28) goes to the gas injectors (48), from which it is discharged into the passes (46) through the injection openings (52) to be mixed rapidly with the rotational air stream.
- ignition for example, through an electric ignitor (62) (see figure 3)
- the flame is stabilized in the conical element (18) of the combustion system (10) which together with the fins (42) and injectors (48) make up the fast mixing zone (Zl);
- the combustion system (10) can operate at varying levels of combustion air, but within the limits of flammability.
- the amount of excess air is an important parameter for controlling burner emissions.
- the use of a high excess of air allows flames to be obtained with a lower average adiabatic temperature, and thus the formation of thermal NOx is inhibited.
- the fuel gas needs to be ideally mixed with air (typically with an excess of air close to 60-70%) before ignition, to eliminate temperature peaks in the flame and thus reduce the formation of NOx, which can reach emissions as as low as 10-12 ppm corrected to 3% O2.
- the NOx can be 1000ppm and even higher, due to temperature spikes in the stoichiometric and near-stoichiometric concentration regions within the flame.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Pre-Mixing And Non-Premixing Gas Burner (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP21956273.3A EP4400765A1 (en) | 2021-09-09 | 2021-09-09 | Combustion system with ultralow nox emission and quick fuel mixing method |
AU2021464172A AU2021464172A1 (en) | 2021-09-09 | 2021-09-09 | Combustion system with ultralow nox emission and quick fuel mixing method |
PCT/BR2021/050385 WO2023035049A1 (pt) | 2021-09-09 | 2021-09-09 | SISTEMA DE COMBUSTÃO COM EMISSÃO ULTRABAIXA DE NOx E MÉTODO DE MISTURA RÁPIDA DE COMBUSTÍVEL |
BR112023014451A BR112023014451A2 (pt) | 2021-09-09 | 2021-09-09 | Sistema de combustão com emissão ultrabaixa de nox e método de mistura rápida de combustível |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/BR2021/050385 WO2023035049A1 (pt) | 2021-09-09 | 2021-09-09 | SISTEMA DE COMBUSTÃO COM EMISSÃO ULTRABAIXA DE NOx E MÉTODO DE MISTURA RÁPIDA DE COMBUSTÍVEL |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2023035049A1 true WO2023035049A1 (pt) | 2023-03-16 |
Family
ID=85506018
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/BR2021/050385 WO2023035049A1 (pt) | 2021-09-09 | 2021-09-09 | SISTEMA DE COMBUSTÃO COM EMISSÃO ULTRABAIXA DE NOx E MÉTODO DE MISTURA RÁPIDA DE COMBUSTÍVEL |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP4400765A1 (pt) |
AU (1) | AU2021464172A1 (pt) |
BR (1) | BR112023014451A2 (pt) |
WO (1) | WO2023035049A1 (pt) |
Citations (17)
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US5460512A (en) | 1993-05-27 | 1995-10-24 | Coen Company, Inc. | Vibration-resistant low NOx burner |
US5667376A (en) | 1993-04-12 | 1997-09-16 | North American Manufacturing Company | Ultra low NOX burner |
US20090029302A1 (en) | 2007-07-27 | 2009-01-29 | Steven Bortz | System of close coupled rapid mix burner cells |
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-
2021
- 2021-09-09 WO PCT/BR2021/050385 patent/WO2023035049A1/pt active Application Filing
- 2021-09-09 BR BR112023014451A patent/BR112023014451A2/pt unknown
- 2021-09-09 AU AU2021464172A patent/AU2021464172A1/en active Pending
- 2021-09-09 EP EP21956273.3A patent/EP4400765A1/en active Pending
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US8794960B2 (en) | 2004-02-25 | 2014-08-05 | John Zink Company, Llc | Low NOx burner |
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CN210532361U (zh) * | 2019-05-20 | 2020-05-15 | 岳阳恒盛石化科技有限公司 | 一种自混合低NOx燃气燃烧器 |
CN110388643A (zh) * | 2019-07-26 | 2019-10-29 | 合肥工业大学 | 富氢燃料气低污染燃烧的燃气空气预混器 |
CN212777339U (zh) * | 2020-08-17 | 2021-03-23 | 深圳市佳运通电子有限公司 | 一种稳定燃烧的低NOx燃烧器结构 |
CN112762448A (zh) * | 2021-02-01 | 2021-05-07 | 西安交通大学 | 一种耦合分级旋流分散燃烧技术的低NOx燃气燃烧器 |
CN112963832A (zh) * | 2021-04-02 | 2021-06-15 | 中国科学技术大学 | 一种具有防爆功能的全预混低NOx燃烧器 |
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BR112023014451A2 (pt) | 2023-12-12 |
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