WO2023033183A1 - 幼齢期に収穫する作物の栽培法及び培養土 - Google Patents
幼齢期に収穫する作物の栽培法及び培養土 Download PDFInfo
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Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/15—Leaf crops, e.g. lettuce or spinach
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a culture soil and a cultivation method used for cultivating leafy vegetables that are harvested at an early stage.
- it relates to a technique for cultivating leafy vegetables of a certain quality while sowing at a high density and efficiently performing harvesting and suppressing disease damage.
- Baby leaves refer to leafy vegetables harvested at a young age of about 10 to 15 cm, and are mainly mixed and packed in bags. There are reports that it is easy to eat and has no peculiar taste, that it is easy to take out of the bag and wash it with water, and that it has higher nutritional value such as vitamins than ordinary vegetables, so the demand is expanding.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a method for improving the shelf life after harvesting and suppressing overgrowth of microalgae in a nutrient tank by devising the configuration of a hydroponics planter.
- Patent Literature 2 discloses a method of cultivating by installing a seeded plug tray itself in a field.
- Patent Document 3 an auxiliary tray and a lid with an opening are provided on the base tray, and baby leaves are grown through the opening of the lid in each cell, thereby facilitating harvesting. A method is disclosed.
- the objective of the present invention is to establish a cultivation technique that harvests true leaves at the 1.5-leaf stage, which are smaller than baby leaves that are generally sold.
- the methods for cultivating baby leaves described in Patent Documents 1 to 3 require seeds to be sown in cells or trays one by one, which is time-consuming and troublesome, and furthermore, there is the problem that high-density cultivation is not possible. be. Therefore, it could not be applied to crops harvested at the true leaf 1.5 leaf stage.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a cultivation method in which the leaves are cultivated at a higher density than the baby leaves and harvested at the young stage of the 1.5-leaf stage.
- leafy vegetables that are generally sold as baby leaves are smaller than 10 to 15 cm leafy vegetables, and the true leaves are 1.5 leaf stage, and the plant height is about 5 to 7 cm.
- the object is to provide a method. Furthermore, when cultivated at a high density, there is a problem that damping-off disease may occur depending on the temperature and humidity conditions, and the harvest may not be possible. Therefore, we investigated a potting soil that suppresses the occurrence of soil diseases such as damping-off disease even in high-density cultivation.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a potting soil that suppresses the occurrence of soil diseases regardless of climatic conditions and enables stable harvesting.
- the present invention relates to the following potting soil and cultivation method.
- a potting soil for cultivating leafy vegetables to be harvested at a young stage the potting soil for early harvest crops containing 0.1 mg or more and 1.0 mg or less of aluminum sulfate per 1 L of the potting soil and a fertilizer.
- the occurrence of soil diseases can be suppressed.
- the culture soil for early harvest crops according to (2) characterized by containing 0.5 g or more and less than 5 g of lime superphosphate per 1 L and 0.5 g or more and less than 5 g of magnesium lime per 1 L. .
- a method for cultivating leafy vegetables harvested at a young stage comprising 0.1 mg or more and 1.0 mg or less of aluminum sulfate per 1 L of potting soil, 0.5 g or more and less than 5 g of lime superphosphate per 1 L, and magnesium
- a cultivation method characterized by sowing seeds at a density of 0.67 or more and 1 or less per 1 cm 2 in potting soil mixed with 0.5 g or more and less than 5 g of lime per 1 L, and cultivating the seeds.
- sowing seeds at a density of 0.67 or more and 1 or less per 1 cm 2 in potting soil mixed with 0.5 g or more and less than 5 g of lime per 1 L, and cultivating the seeds.
- the cultivation method of the present invention by sowing at a high density and harvesting mechanically, it is possible to efficiently perform from sowing to harvesting. Moreover, according to the cultivation method of the present invention, damping-off disease, which is a harmful effect caused by high-density cultivation, can be suppressed by devising cultivation soil, and stable harvesting can be achieved. In addition, compared to crops grown to normal size, leafy vegetables harvested at the young stage are fresher after harvesting, do not change color over a long period of time, and have good results in sensory tests. did it.
- the following describes the cultivation of leafy vegetables that are harvested at the infancy stage, specifically the cultivation method from seeding to harvesting of leafy vegetables that are harvested at the true leaf 1.5 leaf stage.
- the height of the plant is about 5 to 7 cm, which is smaller than leaf vegetables generally sold as baby leaves. Therefore, these young leafy vegetable crops are called petit leaves to distinguish them from baby leaves.
- crops grown to a certain size such as basil and perilla are referred to as ordinary cultivated crops, or, for example, basil is referred to as ordinary cultivated basil.
- Vegetables harvested as petit leaves are leafy vegetables such as basil, green perilla, red perilla, amaranth, Japanese honeywort, parsley, coriander, spinach, kale, Japanese mustard spinach, mizuna, romaine lettuce, arugula, endive, mini celery, perilla, and mint.
- leafy vegetables such as basil, green perilla, red perilla, mitsuba, parsley, mini celery, coriander, amaranth, perilla, mint, etc., which are used as condiments and herbs, are preferable because they are small in size and can be used as they are without cutting.
- sow In order to increase the yield per area, it is important to sow at a high density, that is, to narrow the distance between seeds and to sow at equal intervals.
- About 1 cm of potting soil was prepared in a nursery box (30 cm ⁇ 60 cm), and 1,600 seeds were sown at equal intervals per nursery box using a drop seeder (Sakanaka Ryokuzai Co., Ltd.). With the drop seeder, after putting seeds evenly into the holes of the inner (upper) box, slide the inner box so that the positions of the holes in the inner box match the positions of the holes in the outer (lower) box. It is a mechanism that matches and falls.
- the density may be set appropriately because it depends on the size of the leaves of the plant when harvesting, but 1200 to 1800 seeds, that is, 0.67 to 1 seed per 1 cm 2 in a nursery box of 30 cm ⁇ 60 cm. Seeding is preferred. When seeds are sown at the above density, the cotyledons and true leaves after germination become so dense that the soil cannot be seen (see Fig. 2, healthy example). There is no problem due to lengthy Moreover, although a drop seeder is used here, seeding may be performed using a vacuum seeder. Since the seeds of vegetables harvested as petit leaves, such as basil, are all very small, the vacuum of the vacuum seeder is sufficient even with a household electric vacuum cleaner.
- a flat plate impermeable to water is placed under the nursery box so that a small amount of water is left between the nursery box and the flat plate.
- the thickness of the soil laid in the nursery box is 8 mm or more and 15 mm or less in a state of being sufficiently watered.
- a harvester based on a clipper-type tea plucking machine (Ochiai Cutlery Co., Ltd.) is used, but any blade may be used as long as it cuts cleanly.
- clipper-type tea plucking machines harvest by moving the plucking machine, but the petit leaf harvester is fixed to a dedicated stand and harvested by moving the cultivation tray (seedling box).
- the cultivation tray seedling box.
- the dedicated harvester By using a dedicated harvester, it is possible to cut at a constant height. After harvesting, the petit leaves should be packed in appropriate amounts and shipped. It is needless to say that the instruments, machines, etc. used in the above-mentioned cultivation method are examples, and agricultural equipment having the same effect can be diverted and used.
- culture soil that does not elute aluminum at around neutrality.
- aluminum sulfate as water-soluble aluminum
- the same effect as using lapilli weathered soil as culture soil can be obtained.
- it can be cultivated in other countries and regions using any potting soil.
- lime superphosphate If a large amount of lime superphosphate is contained, phosphorus binds to aluminum, water-soluble aluminum decreases, and the antibacterial action is suppressed. Also, if the amount is too small, growth will not proceed smoothly. Therefore, 0.5 g or more and less than 5 g, preferably 1.5 g or more and 3.5 g or less of lime superphosphate may be mixed in 1 liter. Magnesium lime raises the pH and suppresses the elution of aluminum, so it is not desirable to add 5 g or more per liter. Also, if the amount is too small, growth will not proceed smoothly. Therefore, 1 g or more and less than 5 g, preferably 1.5 g or more and 3.5 g or less of magnesium lime should be mixed in 1 liter. For plants that require additional fertilizer, liquid fertilizer can be sprayed when the first true leaves appear.
- the thickness of the potting soil spread in the nursery box is also important. Although the depth of the nursery box is about 3 cm, it was found that if the potting soil is made thicker, the activity of the roots becomes weaker and excessive water content occurs, causing damping-off disease. In addition, if the seedlings are too thin, the range of root growth becomes too narrow, causing uneven growth, making it difficult not only to harvest at an appropriate time but also to apply watering techniques. Therefore, the thickness of the potting soil laid in the nursery box should be 8 mm or more and 15 mm or less, preferably 9 mm or more and 13 mm or less, when the seedlings are sufficiently watered. By using the above culture soil and cultivating while adjusting the thickness of the culture soil, damping-off disease does not occur even when cultivation is performed at high density, and it is possible to stably cultivate until harvesting. .
- soil bacteria test Many soil microorganisms inhabit the soil and play an important role in material circulation in the living world. There are some soil microorganisms that are beneficial to plant growth and some that are unfavorable, but it is generally said that the more soil microorganisms there are, the more fertile the soil and the less disease-causing fungi, bacteria, etc. there is Therefore, the number of soil bacteria contained in culture soil for early harvest crops and culture soil used for normal cultivation (normal cultivation culture soil) was compared.
- each culture soil is suspended in 500 mL of tap water, 0.2 mL of the supernatant is applied to a film medium (3M, Petrifilm medium viable bacteria measurement plate), cultured at 36 ° C. for 24 hours, and proliferated.
- the number of bacteria was confirmed (Fig. 3).
- the culture soil for early harvest crops tended to have a larger number of colonies and each colony was larger, ie, the growth of bacteria was better.
- the number of bacteria that grow in this medium is estimated to be about 1 million per 1 g of soil, and it is clear that it contains about 2 to 3 times more bacteria than the culture medium for normal cultivation. became.
- Petit Leaf is superior to the normal cultivated basil, with some monitors saying that the scent is the same as that of the normal cultivated basil, but 3 people evaluated that it is slightly superior. was evaluated. All monitors rated the taste and hardness as somewhat excellent or very excellent. None of the monitors rated Petit Leaf as being slightly inferior or very inferior to ordinary cultivated basil for any of the items. As for the taste, there was also an evaluation that not only the richness of the taste, but also the excellent taste that is different from that of ordinary cultivated basil, such as feeling sweetness.
- Plants are known to synthesize vitamins and enzymes that were not present in the seeds at the time of germination from the nutrients stored in the seeds. It is known that these vitamins and enzymes are abundantly present in young crops, and it is thought that these vitamins and enzymes are effective in improving the freshness and day keeping of petit leaves.
- the method of cultivating crops that are harvested in the early stages of the present invention not only enables stable harvesting at high density, but also gives the harvested crops excellent flavor such as aroma and taste. In terms of freshness, it was found to be superior to conventionally cultivated crops.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
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- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
Description
(1)幼齢期で収穫する葉菜類を栽培するための培養土であって、培養土1Lあたり0.1mg以上1.0mg以下の硫酸アルミニウムと肥料を含む幼齢期収穫作物用培養土。
培養土1Lあたり0.1mg以上1.0mg以下の硫酸アルミニウムを含有させることにより、土壌病害の発生を抑制することができる。
培養土に含有させる肥料としては、過リン酸石灰、及び苦土石灰が好ましい。
幼齢期で収穫するためには、硫酸アルミニウムがリン酸と結合して抗菌作用を打ち消さないように上記範囲の肥料を含む土壌とすることが好ましい。
幼齢期の葉菜類を土壌病害の発生を抑制し、高密度で栽培するためには、硫酸アルミニウム、及び肥料を含んだ培養土で培養することが重要である。
本栽培方法であれば、本葉1.5葉期で安定して収穫することができる。
鋭利な刃物で切断することにより、出荷後に葉が変色する葉痛みを抑制することができる。
土壌には多くの土壌微生物が生息し、生物界における物質循環に重要な役割を果たしている。土壌微生物には、植物の生育にとって有利なものも不利なものも存在するが、一般に土壌微生物が多い方が肥沃な土壌であり、かつ病害の原因となるカビ、細菌等が少ないと言われている。そこで、幼齢期収穫作物用培養土と、通常栽培に用いる培養土(通常栽培用培養土)に含まれる土壌細菌数の比較を行った。
通常の大きさまで栽培したバジル(通常栽培バジル)と本発明の方法で栽培したバジルの食味における官能評価を行った。モニターには、本発明のバジル、通常栽培バジルに関する予備知識を与えずに、香り、味、硬さについて評価を行ってもらった(表1)。どちらのバジルも官能検査当日に収穫し、モニターに評価を行ってもらった。
評価基準
◎:大変優れている、○:やや優れている、±:変わらない、△:やや劣る、×:大変劣る
通常栽培作物と、幼齢期で収穫した作物では、日保ちの上で差が見られる傾向があったため、バジルについて日保ちの確認を行った(図4)。同日に収穫を行った通常栽培バジル、あるいは本葉1.5葉期のバジルをプラスチックのパックに詰め、冷暗所(4℃、冷蔵庫、野菜室)に保存し、毎日観察を行った。保存1日目では両者に変化は認められないが、4日目になると通常栽培バジルは葉が少し萎れた感じとなったのに対し、プチリーフはほとんど変化が認められなかった。8日目になると、通常栽培のバジルは、葉が褐色に変化している部分(図中、点線で囲んだ部分)が生じてくるが、プチリーフには若干の萎れが認められるものの、変色している部分はなかった。また、通常栽培バジルでは葉の萎れ(図中、矢印で示した部分)も目立つようになったが、プチリーフでは目立って萎れている部分は見当たらなかった。
Claims (6)
- 幼齢期で収穫する葉菜類を栽培するための培養土であって、
培養土1Lあたり0.1mg以上1.0mg以下の水溶性アルミニウムと
肥料を含む幼齢期収穫作物用培養土。 - 前記肥料が過リン酸石灰、及び苦土石灰であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の幼齢期収穫作物用培養土。
- 過リン酸石灰を1L中に0.5g以上5g未満、苦土石灰を1L中に0.5g以上5g未満含むことを特徴とする請求項2記載の幼齢期収穫作物用培養土。
- 幼齢期で収穫する葉菜類の栽培方法であって、
培養土1Lあたり0.1mg以上1.0mg以下の水溶性アルミニウム、過リン酸石灰を1L中に0.5g以上5g未満、苦土石灰を1L中に0.5g以上5g未満混合した培養土に、
1cm2あたり0.67個以上1個以下の密度で種子を蒔き、
栽培することを特徴とする栽培方法。 - 本葉1.5葉期に達した段階で、
収穫することを特徴とする請求項4記載の栽培方法。 - 鋭利な刃物で切断して収穫することを特徴とする請求項5記載の栽培方法。
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JPH07264933A (ja) * | 1994-03-31 | 1995-10-17 | Hitachi Zosen Corp | 脱水汚泥を原料とする育苗培土の製造方法 |
JPH1142018A (ja) * | 1997-07-25 | 1999-02-16 | Masayuki Morohashi | ベビーリーフ野菜の土壌栽培法 |
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JP2018000013A (ja) | 2016-06-27 | 2018-01-11 | 株式会社恵葉&菜健康野菜 | 水耕栽培用プランター、およびそれを用いた野菜の生産方法 |
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JPH1142018A (ja) * | 1997-07-25 | 1999-02-16 | Masayuki Morohashi | ベビーリーフ野菜の土壌栽培法 |
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