WO2023030232A1 - 电池包及车辆 - Google Patents

电池包及车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023030232A1
WO2023030232A1 PCT/CN2022/115446 CN2022115446W WO2023030232A1 WO 2023030232 A1 WO2023030232 A1 WO 2023030232A1 CN 2022115446 W CN2022115446 W CN 2022115446W WO 2023030232 A1 WO2023030232 A1 WO 2023030232A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
plate
battery pack
flow channel
boss
cooling
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/115446
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘洁
徐超
Original Assignee
北京车和家信息技术有限公司
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 北京车和家信息技术有限公司 filed Critical 北京车和家信息技术有限公司
Publication of WO2023030232A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023030232A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the technical field of vehicles, in particular to a battery pack and a vehicle.
  • the power battery is the core energy supply component of new energy vehicles. Its safety performance, power performance and energy density level are crucial to whether new energy vehicles can ensure high safety factor, excellent driving experience and low energy consumption.
  • the CTP battery system layout scheme is widely used in the industry at present, that is, the layout scheme with a large number of cells highly integrated into the battery pack.
  • the bottom of the battery integrates a large-scale cooling plate into the lower box, which provides thermal management for the battery pack and realizes the bottom sealing function.
  • This type of solution is more respected in the industry, but this type of cooling plate solution provides cooling, heating, and sealing for the system. At the same time, some inherent defects are also prominent.
  • the cooling plate is made of metal materials mainly made of aluminum alloy through welding process.
  • the aluminum alloy has high thermal conductivity and good heat exchange effect. Integration, usually achieved through FDS and other processes, is closely bonded to each other, and the cabinet is also made of metal such as aluminum alloy, which is in direct contact with the external environment, so that the interface between the cooling plate and the cabinet, and the interface between the cabinet and the external environment
  • the heat exchange capacity is very strong, which leads to the cooling or heat of the cooling plate being easily lost to the external environment through contact with the cabinet, thereby increasing the energy consumption of the system.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a battery pack and a vehicle.
  • the embodiment of the first aspect of the present disclosure provides a battery pack, including: a box side plate and a cooling plate;
  • the box side plate includes a first installation surface, and the cooling plate includes a second installation surface opposite to the first installation surface;
  • the cooling plate is provided with a boss, the boss protrudes from the second installation surface, and the boss is connected with the first installation surface so that the first installation surface and the second installation surface An avoidance gap is formed between the two mounting surfaces.
  • the cooling plate includes a base plate and a flow channel plate, the flow channel plate and the base plate jointly form a flow channel for cooling liquid to flow, the boss is arranged on the flow channel plate, and the The second mounting surface is disposed on the substrate.
  • the flow channel plate is bonded to the substrate, and a through hole is opened on the substrate, and the boss passes through the through hole and is connected to the first mounting surface.
  • the boss is provided with a mounting hole passing through the boss, and a fastener passes through the mounting hole to connect the flow channel plate with the box side plate.
  • the cooling plate is provided with a plurality of bosses, and the distance L between two adjacent bosses satisfies: 50mm ⁇ L ⁇ 120mm.
  • the flow channel plate is formed with a cavity, and a buffer is disposed in the cavity.
  • the second mounting surface is formed with a plurality of protrusions.
  • the runner plate includes a runner area and a non-runner area, the runner is located in the runner area, the boss is located in the non-runner area, and the boss is close to The edge of the flow channel plate is set.
  • the avoidance gap is provided with structural glue
  • the thickness D of the structural adhesive satisfies: 0.5mm ⁇ D ⁇ 5mm.
  • the embodiment of the second aspect of the present disclosure provides a vehicle, including the battery pack described in the embodiment of the first aspect.
  • the battery pack provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure includes a box side plate and a cooling plate, the box side plate includes a first installation surface, and the cooling plate includes a second installation surface opposite to the first installation surface, wherein the cooling plate is provided with a boss , the boss protrudes from the second installation surface, and the boss is connected to the first installation surface, so that an avoidance gap is formed between the first installation surface and the second installation surface.
  • the boss of the cooling plate is closely connected with the side plate of the box.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 2 is a partially enlarged view of Figure 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a cooling plate in a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the battery pack includes a box body and a battery module arranged in the box body.
  • the box body can be made of aluminum, aluminum alloy or other metal materials, and the box body has an accommodating cavity.
  • One or more battery modules can be accommodated in the cavity of the box body, and the battery modules can be arranged side by side along the length direction of the battery pack in the box body, or can be arranged side by side along the width direction of the battery pack, and each battery The module and the box are fixed.
  • the battery module includes a plurality of battery cells, and the battery cells include but are not limited to cylindrical cells, square cells, pouch cells or blade cells.
  • the battery pack is usually equipped with a cooling component.
  • the cooling medium flows in the cooling component, absorbing and taking away the heat released by the battery core through continuous flow, so as to ensure that the battery pack’s electrical performance is always in good condition.
  • the cooling assembly usually includes a cooling plate, and the cooling plate is usually made of a metal material mainly made of aluminum alloy through a welding process.
  • the aluminum alloy has a high thermal conductivity and a good heat transfer effect.
  • the box body is a box structure with an open bottom
  • the cooling plate is arranged at the bottom of the box body, and is equivalent to the size of the opening at the bottom of the box body. opening to form an accommodating cavity. Since the integration of the cooling plate and the box of the battery pack is usually achieved through FDS and other processes, they are closely attached to each other, and the box of the battery pack is also made of metal such as aluminum alloy, which is in direct contact with the external environment, so that the cooling plate is connected to the box
  • the interface between the cooling plate and the interface between the cabinet and the external environment has a strong heat exchange capacity, which makes the cooling or heat of the cooling plate easily lost to the external environment through the contact with the cabinet, thereby increasing the energy consumption of the system.
  • the size of the lower surface of the cooling plate that is, the runner plate, is almost equal to the size of the entire battery, and it is completely exposed outside the enclosed space of the box, which further increases the cooling or heat loss of the cooling plate to the outside.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a battery pack and a box body, through structural optimization and material renewal, to reduce the heat transfer capability of the corresponding interface and improve the thermal management performance of the battery pack.
  • the battery pack provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure includes a box side plate 1 and a cooling plate 2 , the box side plate 1 includes a first installation surface 11 , and the cooling plate 2 includes a second installation surface 21 , The second installation surface 21 is opposite to the first installation surface 11 .
  • the cooling plate 2 is provided with a boss 231 protruding from the second mounting surface 21 .
  • the boss 231 can be circular or square, as long as the height of the boss 231 toward the first installation surface 11 is higher than that of the second installation surface 21 .
  • the boss 231 is connected to the first installation surface 11 , so that an avoidance gap 3 is formed between the first installation surface 11 and the second installation surface 21 .
  • the boss 231 and the first mounting surface 11 may be connected by welding, or by bonding, or by a fastener 5 .
  • the boss 231 When the boss 231 is bonded to the first installation surface 11 , it can be connected by a sealant.
  • the sealant can fix the boss 231 and the first installation surface 11 and seal the boss 231 and the first installation surface 11 at the same time.
  • the boss 231 of the cooling plate 2 is closely connected with the box side plate 1, and there is an avoidance gap 3 between the cooling plate 2 and the box side plate 1, so that the cooling plate 2 and the box body
  • the heat transfer path between the cooling plate 2 and the side plate 1 of the box is changed from the large-surface heat transfer that is in close contact with the side plate 1 of the box to the close contact between the structure of the boss 231 and the side plate 1 of the box, which reduces the heat transfer between the cooling plate 2 and the side plate of the box.
  • the thermal resistance of the environment for heat exchange reduces the loss of cold or heat, improves the active thermal management performance of the battery pack and the thermal insulation performance of the battery cell in a low temperature environment, and reduces the energy consumption of the system.
  • the height of the avoidance gap 3, that is, the distance between the first installation surface 11 and the second installation surface 21, can be 0.5 mm to 5 mm. In a specific embodiment, the height of the avoidance gap 3 is 1 mm, which can increase the heat of the cooling plate 2 or The cooling capacity and the heat of the battery cell pass through the cooling plate 2 and the thermal resistance of the heat exchange to the external environment through the box side plate 1, which improves the active thermal management performance of the battery pack and the thermal insulation performance of the battery cell in a low temperature environment, and reduces the energy consumption of the system. consumption.
  • the cooling plate 2 includes a base plate 22 and a flow channel plate 23 , and the flow channel plate 23 and the base plate 22 together form a flow channel 24 for cooling liquid to flow.
  • the boss 231 is disposed on the channel plate 23
  • the second installation surface 21 is disposed on the base plate 22 .
  • the base plate 22 and the flow channel plate 23 are made of metal materials such as aluminum alloy
  • the flow channel plate 23 and the base plate 22 can be stamped and formed by the aluminum alloy plate, and then the base plate 22 and the flow channel plate 23 are combined by welding to form a A complete cooling channel 24 with tightness and certain pressure resistance.
  • the flow channel plate 23 can be formed by molding, injection molding, blistering and other processes, the boss 231 can be formed integrally with the flow channel plate 23, and the flow channel plate 23 and the base plate 22 can be Adhesive or fastener 5 is used to connect, and the boss 231 is arranged on the flow channel plate 23, which can reduce the contact area between the flow channel plate 23 and the side plate 1 of the box body, thereby greatly increasing the heat or cooling capacity of the cooling plate 2 and The heat of the battery cell passes through the cooling plate 2 and the thermal resistance of the heat exchange to the external environment through the side plate 1 of the box body, which reduces the cooling capacity or heat loss, improves the active thermal management performance of the battery pack and the heat preservation of the battery cell in a low temperature environment performance.
  • the possibility of heat/cold loss from the cooling plate 2 to the outside through the flow channel plate 23 can be minimized, reducing energy consumption of the system.
  • the second installation surface 21 is formed with a plurality of protrusions, which increases the heat or cold capacity of the cooling plate 2 and the heat of the battery core is heated to the external environment through the cooling plate 2 through the side plate 1 of the box body. Exchange thermal resistance.
  • the runner plate 23 includes a runner area and a non-runner area, the runner 24 is located in the runner area, the boss 231 is located in the non-runner area, and the boss 231 is close to the runner plate 23
  • the edge setting of the edge improves the stability of the connection between the boss 231 and the side plate 1 of the box body.
  • the flow channel plate 23 and the base plate 22 are bonded.
  • the flow channel plate 23 and the base plate 22 can be connected by a sealant, and the sealant can fix the flow channel plate 23 and the base plate 22 and seal the joint between the flow channel plate 23 and the base plate 22 .
  • Bonding can achieve the same connection strength and sealing effect as welding.
  • the flow channel plate 23 and the base plate 22 are made of different materials, it will increase the difficulty of welding, but using bonding can achieve the same sealing effect as welding and The connection strength can meet the requirement, and the process difficulty can be reduced.
  • the base plate 22 is provided with a through hole, and the boss 231 passes through the through hole to connect with the first installation surface 11, which can increase the contact area between the flow channel plate 23 and the base plate 22, improve the connection strength between the flow channel plate 23 and the base plate 22, and improve the flow rate.
  • the boss 231 is provided with a mounting hole passing through the boss 231 , and the fastener 5 passes through the mounting hole to connect the flow channel plate 23 with the box side plate 1 .
  • the connection strength between the runner plate 23 and the box side plate 1 can be strengthened by the fastener 5, and the stability of the connection can be improved.
  • the fastener 5 can be a screw, a bolt or a rivet or the like.
  • the cooling plate 2 is provided with a plurality of bosses 231, which can strengthen the connection strength between the flow channel plate 23 and the box side plate 1, and improve the stability of the connection.
  • the distance L between two adjacent bosses 231 satisfies: 50mm ⁇ L ⁇ 120mm, which can ensure that the cooling plate 2 and the box side plate 1 have a small contact area, so that the cooling plate 2 and the box side
  • the connection strength of the board 1 meets the requirements, and the reliability of the connection is improved.
  • each boss 231 may be disposed on the flow channel plate 23 .
  • each boss 231 defines a mounting hole passing through the boss 231 .
  • the channel plate 23 is formed with a cavity, and a buffer member 233 is arranged in the cavity.
  • the buffer member 233 can be a lightweight material with high buffer energy absorption capacity and low density, such as honeycomb aluminum core or foam aluminum plate.
  • the cooling plate 2 is located at the bottom of the battery pack box, so that the bottom of the cooling plate 2 is hit by the rocks at the bottom of the vehicle and the flow channel 24 is deformed or even broken.
  • the risk of thermal management failure is greatly increased.
  • the battery pack should not only install a bottom guard plate of sufficient strength under the cooling plate 2, but also ensure a certain safe distance between the bottom guard plate and the runner plate 23, so as to reduce the risk of the bottom being hit by rocks.
  • the guard plate deforms and then presses the flow channel plate 23 to deform the flow channel 24 , resulting in the possibility of failure of thermal management performance.
  • the requirements for the bottom guard plate and the safety gap between the bottom guard plate and the cooling plate 2 at the bottom of the battery pack can be reduced, so that the bottom guard plate While achieving weight reduction, the height space of the entire battery pack can also be fully and effectively utilized to ensure that it does not violate the weight reduction goal.
  • the boss 231 is made of non-metallic material, and/or, the channel plate 23 is made of non-metallic material.
  • the base plate 22 retains the metal material to ensure good heat exchange effect.
  • the flow channel plate 23 is made of non-metallic material.
  • the forming of the flow channel 24 can combine the material characteristics of the non-metallic material by molding, injection molding or blistering, etc. Craft realized. Then, the metal substrate 22 and the flow channel plate 23 are bonded in the non-flow channel 24 area by gluing, so as to achieve the same effect as welding between the metal flow channel plate 23 and the metal substrate 22, and the battery can be adjusted according to the system.
  • fastening schemes should be appropriately added to the bonding area of the cooling plate 2, for example, mechanical fastening connections such as riveting and screw connections can be added to the corresponding bonding area.
  • non-metallic flow channel plate 23 Through the introduction of non-metallic flow channel plate 23, the possibility of cooling plate 2 losing heat/cooling capacity to the outside through the large-format flow channel plate 23 on the lower surface is minimized, which can greatly reduce the heat loss on the lower surface of cooling plate 2 Play the role of heat preservation and energy saving.
  • the non-metallic boss 231 structure can increase the heat or cold capacity of the cooling plate 2 and the thermal resistance of the heat exchange of the heat of the battery cell through the boss 231 to the external environment through the side plate 1 of the box body. , reduce cold or heat loss, improve the active thermal management performance of the battery pack and the thermal insulation performance of the battery cell in a low temperature environment.
  • the heat transfer path between the cooling plate 2 and the side plate 1 of the box is changed from the metal substrate 22 and the large surface of the side plate 1 in close contact with the heat transfer to the boss 231 of non-metallic material and the box body.
  • the close contact of the side plate 1 greatly increases the heat or cooling capacity of the cooling plate 2 and the thermal resistance of the heat of the battery cell through the cooling plate 2 to the external environment through the side plate 1 of the box, which improves the active performance of the battery pack.
  • the avoidance gap 3 is provided with structural glue 4.
  • structural glue 4 on the one hand, the heat or cold capacity of the cooling plate 2 can be increased, and the heat of the battery core can pass through the boss 231 through the side plate 1 of the box.
  • the thermal resistance of heat exchange in the external environment reduces the cooling capacity or heat loss, improves the active thermal management performance of the battery pack and the thermal insulation performance of the battery cell in a low-temperature environment; on the other hand, by setting the structural adhesive 4 in the avoidance gap 3, it can The sealing performance between the box side plate 1 and the cooling plate 2 of the battery pack is improved, and the safety of the battery pack is improved.
  • the structural adhesive 4 can play the role of fixing the box side plate 1 and the cooling plate 2 and sealing the box side plate 1 and the cooling plate 2 at the same time.
  • the thickness D of the structural adhesive 4 satisfies: 0.5mm ⁇ D ⁇ 5mm, on the one hand, the sealing performance is improved, on the other hand, the heat or cold capacity of the cooling plate 2 and the heat of the battery core pass through the boss 231 through the side plate of the box body 1
  • the thermal resistance of heat exchange to the external environment reduces the cooling capacity or heat loss, improves the active thermal management performance of the battery pack and the thermal insulation performance of the battery cell in a low temperature environment; improves the side plate 1 and the cooling plate of the battery pack
  • the sealing performance between 2 improves the safety of the battery pack.
  • the thickness D of the structural adhesive 4 is 1 mm.
  • the vehicle provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure includes the battery pack provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure. Since the vehicle provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure has the same advantages as the battery pack provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure, details are not repeated here.
  • the structure of the contact surface and the material composition of the contact surface in the connection area between the cooling plate 2 and the side plate 1 of the battery pack case can be optimized, and both can be increased.
  • the contact thermal resistance between them reduces the heat transfer capacity of the corresponding interface, reduces the heat/cold dissipation of the cooling plate 2, and reduces the heat of the battery core passing through the bottom cooling plate 2 and the side plate of the box in the scene of standing in a low temperature environment
  • the contact surface of 1 is lost to the external environment, which promotes the improvement of the thermal insulation performance of the battery pack; it can also minimize the possibility of cooling plate 2 losing heat/cooling capacity to the outside through the large-format flow channel plate 23 on the lower surface, ensuring that it does not interfere with the light Quantitative goals contradict each other.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

公开了电池包和包括其的车辆。电池包包括箱体侧板和冷却板；所述箱体侧板包括第一安装面，所述冷却板包括与所述第一安装面相对的第二安装面；其中，所述冷却板设有凸台，所述凸台凸出于所述第二安装面，所述凸台与所述第一安装面连接，以使所述第一安装面与所述第二安装面之间形成避让间隙。

Description

电池包及车辆
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请基于申请号为202122087165.5、申请日为2021年8月31日的中国专利申请提出，并要求该中国专利申请的优先权，该中国专利申请的全部内容在此引入本申请作为参考。
技术领域
本公开涉及车辆技术领域，具体涉及一种电池包及车辆。
背景技术
动力电池作新能源汽车的核心供能组件，其安全性能、动力性能以及能量密度水平对新能源汽车能否保证高安全系数、优良驾驶体验以及低能耗至关重要。
为了提升电池包的能量密度，以便进一步降低整车能耗水平，当前行业内较多采用CTP电池系统排布方案，即以较多数量的电芯高度集成至电池包的排布方案，基于此排布形式，电池底部集成大幅面的冷却板至下箱体，为电池包提供热管理功能的同时实现底部密封功能。此类方案在行业内较为推崇，但是此类冷却板方案在为系统提供冷却、加热、密封的多功能实现的同时，自带的一些缺陷也较为突出。
从热管理的角度，冷却板是采用以铝合金为主的金属材质通过焊接工艺加工而成，铝合金导热系数高、换热效果好，但在此类方案中，由于冷却板与电池箱体集成，通常通过FDS等工艺实现，相互间紧密贴合，而箱体同样为铝合金等金属材质，与外界环境直接接触，这样冷却板与箱体连接的界面、箱体与外界环境接触的界面热交换能力都很强，这就导致冷却板的冷量或热量极易通过与箱体的接触，散失到外界环境中去，进而增加系统能耗。
发明内容
本公开的实施方式提供了一种电池包及车辆。
本公开第一方面的实施方式提供了一种电池包，包括：箱体侧板和冷却板；
所述箱体侧板包括第一安装面，所述冷却板包括与所述第一安装面相对的第二安装面；
其中，所述冷却板设有凸台，所述凸台凸出于所述第二安装面，所述凸台与所述第一安装面连接，以使所述第一安装面与所述第二安装面之间形成避让间隙。
在一些实施方式中，所述冷却板包括基板和流道板，所述流道板和所述基板共同形成用于冷却液流动的流道，所述凸台设置于所述流道板，所述第二安装面设置于所述基板。
在一些实施方式中，所述流道板和所述基板粘接，所述基板上开设有通孔，所述凸台穿过所述通孔与所述第一安装面连接。
在一些实施方式中，所述凸台开设有贯穿所述凸台的安装孔，紧固件穿过所述安装孔 将所述流道板与所述箱体侧板连接。
在一些实施方式中，所述冷却板设有多个所述凸台，相邻两个所述凸台之间的距离L满足：50mm≤L≤120mm。
在一些实施方式中，所述流道板形成有腔体，所述腔体内设有缓冲件。
在一些实施方式中，所述第二安装面形成有多个凸起。
在一些实施方式中，所述流道板包括流道区和非流道区，所述流道位于所述流道区，所述凸台位于所述非流道区，且所述凸台靠近所述流道板的边缘设置。
在一些实施方式中，所述避让间隙设有结构胶；
所述结构胶的厚度D满足：0.5mm≤D≤5mm。
本公开第二方面的实施方式提供了一种车辆，包括第一方面实施方式所述的电池包。
本公开的实施方式具有如下优点：
本公开实施方式提供的电池包包括箱体侧板和冷却板，箱体侧板包括第一安装面，冷却板包括与第一安装面相对的第二安装面，其中，冷却板设有凸台，凸台凸出于第二安装面，凸台与第一安装面连接，以使第一安装面与第二安装面之间形成避让间隙。冷却板与箱体侧板装配时使冷却板的凸台与箱体侧板紧密连接，冷却板与箱体侧板间存在避让间隙，使冷却板与箱体之间的传热路径，由冷却板与箱体侧板密切接触的大面传热，变更为凸台结构与箱体侧板的密切接触，减少了冷却板与箱体侧板的连接面，从而大大增加了冷却板的热量或冷量以及电芯的热量通过冷却板经由箱体侧板向外环境进行热交换的热阻，降低了冷量或热量散失，提升了电池包的主动热管理性能以及电芯在低温环境下的保温性能，减少了系统的能耗。
附图说明
此处的附图被并入说明书中并构成本说明书的一部分，示出了符合本公开的实施例，并与说明书一起用于解释本公开的原理。
为了更清楚地说明本公开实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，对于本领域普通技术人员而言，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本公开实施例所述电池包的结构示意图；
图2为图1的局部放大图；
图3为本公开实施例所述电池包中冷却板的结构示意图。
附图标记：1、箱体侧板；11、第一安装面；2、冷却板；21、第二安装面；22、基板；23、流道板；231、凸台；233、缓冲件；24、流道；3、避让间隙；4、结构胶；5、紧固件。
具体实施方式
为了能够更清楚地理解本公开的上述目的、特征和优点，下面将对本公开的实施方案进行进一步描述。需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本公开的实施例及实施例中的特征 可以相互组合。
在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本公开，但本公开还可以采用其他不同于在此描述的方式来实施；显然，说明书中的实施例只是本公开的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。
电池包包括箱体以及设置在箱体内的电池模组，箱体可由铝、铝合金或其他金属材料制成，箱体内具有容置腔。箱体的容置腔内可容置个或两个以上的电池模组，电池模组在箱体内可以沿电池包的长度方向并排设置，也可以沿电池包的宽度方向并排设置，且各电池模组与箱体固定。电池模组包括多个电池单元，电池单元包括但不限于圆柱电芯、方壳电芯、软包电芯或刀片电芯。
电池包通常配备有冷却组件，冷却介质在冷却组件内流动，通过不断的流动吸收带走电芯放电时释放的热量，从而保证电池包电性能始终处于良好状态。冷却组件通常包括冷却板，冷却板通常采用以铝合金为主的金属材质通过焊接工艺加工而成，铝合金导热系数高、换热效果好。
在一些实施方式中，箱体为底部敞开的箱体结构，冷却板设置于箱体的底部，且与箱体底部的开口的尺寸相当，冷却板可通过螺栓等固定件固定于箱体底部的开口，从而形成容置腔。由于冷却板与电池包的箱体集成通常通过FDS等工艺实现，相互间紧密贴合，而电池包的箱体同样为铝合金等金属材质，与外界环境直接接触，这样冷却板与箱体连接的界面、箱体与外界环境接触的界面热交换能力都很强，这就导致冷却板的冷量或热量极易通过与箱体的接触散失到外界环境中去，进而增加系统能耗。另外，冷却板下表面即流道板幅面尺寸近乎等同整个电池大小，而且完全裸漏在箱体密闭空间以外，更进一步加大了冷却板冷量或热量向外界的散失。
基于此，本公开实施例提供了一种电池包及箱体，通过结构优化、材质的更新，以降低相应界面的换热能力，促进电池包的热管理性能。
结合图1和图2所示，本公开实施例提供的电池包包括箱体侧板1和冷却板2，箱体侧板1包括第一安装面11，冷却板2包括第二安装面21，第二安装面21与第一安装面11相对设置。冷却板2设有凸台231，凸台231凸出于第二安装面21。凸台231可以呈圆形，也可以呈方形，只要凸台231朝向第一安装面11的高度高于第二安装面21即可。凸台231与第一安装面11连接，以使第一安装面11与第二安装面21之间形成避让间隙3。凸台231与第一安装面11可以通过焊接连接，也可以粘接，还可以通过紧固件5连接。当凸台231与第一安装面11粘接时，可以通过密封胶连接，密封胶可以起到固定凸台231与第一安装面11的同时密封凸台231与第一安装面11的作用。
冷却板2与箱体侧板1装配时使冷却板2的凸台231与箱体侧板1紧密连接，冷却板2与箱体侧板1间存在避让间隙3，使冷却板2与箱体之间的传热路径，由冷却板2与箱体侧板1密切接触的大面传热变更为凸台231结构与箱体侧板1的密切接触，减少了冷却板2与箱体侧板1的连接面，即减少了冷却板2与箱体侧板1的接触面积，从而大大增加了冷却板2的热量或冷量以及电芯的热量通过冷却板2经由箱体侧板1向外环境进行热交换 的热阻，降低了冷量或热量散失，提升了电池包的主动热管理性能以及电芯在低温环境下的保温性能，减少了系统的能耗。
避让间隙3的高度即第一安装面11到第二安装面21之间的距离可以为0.5mm到5mm在一个具体实施例中，避让间隙3的高度为1mm，可以增加冷却板2的热量或冷量以及电芯的热量通过冷却板2经由箱体侧板1向外环境进行热交换的热阻，提升电池包的主动热管理性能以及电芯在低温环境下的保温性能，减少系统的能耗。
在一些具体的实施方式中，冷却板2包括基板22和流道板23，流道板23和基板22共同形成用于冷却液流动的流道24。凸台231设置于流道板23，第二安装面21设置于基板22。当基板22和流道板23采用金属材料如铝合金材料制成时，流道板23和基板22可以通过铝合金板材冲压成型，然后将基板22和流道板23通过焊接工艺结合，形成具备密封性和一定耐压能力的完整的冷却流道24。当流道板23采用非金属材料制成时，流道板23可以通过模压、注塑、吸塑等工艺实现成型，凸台231可以流道板23可以一体成型，流道板23和基板22可以采用粘接或者紧固件5连接，通过凸台231设置于流道板23，可以减少流道板23与箱体侧板1的接触面积，从而大大增加了冷却板2的热量或冷量以及电芯的热量通过冷却板2经由箱体侧板1向外环境进行热交换的热阻，降低了冷量或热量散失，提升了电池包的主动热管理性能以及电芯在低温环境下的保温性能。通过流道板23材质和工艺的优化，可以最大程度降低冷却板2通过流道板23向外界散失热量/冷量的可能性，减少系统的能耗。
在一些具体的实施方式中，第二安装面21形成有多个凸起，增加了冷却板2的热量或冷量以及电芯的热量通过冷却板2经由箱体侧板1向外环境进行热交换的热阻。
在一些具体的实施方式中，流道板23包括流道区和非流道区，流道24位于所述流道区，凸台231位于非流道区，且凸台231靠近流道板23的边缘设置，提高了凸台231与箱体侧板1连接的稳定性。
在一些具体的实施方式中，流道板23和基板22粘接。在具体实施例中，流道板23和基板22可以通过密封胶连接，密封胶使流道板23和基板22固定的同时可以密封流道板23和基板22的连接处。通过粘接可以实现和焊接同样的连接强度和密封效果，当流道板23和基板22采用不同材料制成时，会增加焊接的难度，而采用粘接，可以达到与焊接同样的密封效果且可以使连接强度满足要求，降低工艺难度。基板22上开设有通孔，凸台231穿过通孔与第一安装面11连接，可以增加流道板23和基板22的接触面积，提高流道板23和基板22的连接强度，提升流道板23和基板22之间的密封性能。
在一些具体的实施方式中，凸台231开设有贯穿凸台231的安装孔，紧固件5穿过安装孔将流道板23与箱体侧板1连接。通过紧固件5可以加固流道板23与箱体侧板1的连接强度，提高连接的稳定性，紧固件5可以为螺钉、螺栓或铆钉等。
在一些具体的实施方式中，冷却板2设有多个凸台231，可以加固流道板23与箱体侧板1的连接强度，提高连接的稳定性。相邻两个凸台231之间的距离L满足：50mm≤L≤120mm，可以保证以冷却板2与箱体侧板1在较小的接触面积的情况下，使冷却 板2与箱体侧板1的连接强度满足要求，提高连接的可靠性。在具体实施例中，各个凸台231可以均设置在流道板23上。在其它具体实施例中，各个凸台231开设有贯穿凸台231的安装孔。
结合图1、图2和图3所示，流道板23形成有腔体，腔体内设有缓冲件233。缓冲件233可以是蜂窝铝芯或泡沫铝板等具有较高缓冲吸能能力且密度小的轻型材质。通过在流道板23的腔体内设置缓冲件233，可以提升流道板23的刚性，进而可以提成冷却板2的强度以及局部受冲击时的能量吸收能力，从而综合提升冷却板2的耐冲击性能，提升冷却板2对抗外界冲击等有害因素的耐受力，从而为降低电池箱体底部防护压力提供可能性。
需要说明的是，由于电池包箱体吊装于整车底盘位于整车最下方，冷却板2处在电池包箱体底部，使得冷却板2底部受到车辆底部石击发生流道24变形甚至破裂进而导致热管理失效的风险大大提升。为避免这种风险，电池包不仅要在冷却板2下方加装足够强度的底护板，还要确保底护板与流道板23间保证一定安全间距，以减少底部遭遇石击过程中底护板变形进而压迫流道板23使流道24变形导致热管理性能失效的可能性。本公开实施例通过在流道板23设置腔体结构并在腔体内设置缓冲件233，可以降低电池包底部对底护板以及底护板与冷却板2间安全间隙的需求，使得底护板得以实现轻量化的同时，整个电池PACK高度空间也可得到充分有效的利用，确保不与轻量化目标相悖。
在一些具体的实施方式中，凸台231由非金属材料制成，和/或，流道板23由非金属材料制成。本公开实施例中基板22保留金属材质，以确保换热效果佳，流道板23采用非金属材料，流道24的成型，可结合非金属材料的材质特性，通过模压、注塑或吸塑等工艺实现。然后，金属材质的基板22与流道板23之间通过胶粘方式在非流道24区域进行粘接，实现如金属流道板23与金属基板22间焊接的同样效果，可根据系统对电池冷却板2耐压水平的需求，对冷却板2粘接区域适当增加紧固方案，如可在相应粘接区域增加铆接、螺纹连接等机械紧固连接。通过非金属材质的流道板23的引入，最大程度降低冷却板2通过下表面大幅面的流道板23向外界散失热量/冷量的可能性，可大幅降低冷却板2下表面的热量散失起到保温节能的作用。
在一些实施方式中，通过非金属材料的凸台231结构，可以增加冷却板2的热量或冷量以及电芯的热量通过凸台231经由箱体侧板1向外环境进行热交换的热阻，降低冷量或热量散失，提升电池包的主动热管理性能以及电芯在低温环境下的保温性能。
基于上述方案，冷却板2与箱体侧板1之间的传热路径，由金属基板22与箱体侧板1密切接触的大面传热，变更为非金属材料的凸台231与箱体侧板1的密切接触，从而大大增加了冷却板2的热量或冷量以及电芯的热量通过冷却板2经由箱体侧板1向外环境进行热交换的热阻，提升了电池包的主动热管理性能，以及电芯在低温环境下的保温性能。
在一些具体的实施方式中，避让间隙3设有结构胶4，通过结构胶4，一方面可以增加冷却板2的热量或冷量以及电芯的热量通过凸台231经由箱体侧板1向外环境进行热交换的热阻，降低冷量或热量散失，提升电池包的主动热管理性能以及电芯在低温环境下的保温性能；另一方面，通过在避让间隙3设置结构胶4，可以提高电池包的箱体侧板1与冷 却板2之间的密封性能，提高电池包的安全性。
结构胶4可以起到固定箱体侧板1与冷却板2的同时密封箱体侧板1与冷却板2的作用。结构胶4的厚度D满足：0.5mm≤D≤5mm，一方面提高了密封性能，另一方面增大了冷却板2的热量或冷量以及电芯的热量通过凸台231经由箱体侧板1向外环境进行热交换的热阻，降低冷量或热量散失，提升电池包的主动热管理性能以及电芯在低温环境下的保温性能；提高了电池包的箱体侧板1与冷却板2之间的密封性能，提高电池包的安全性。
在一个具体实施例中，结构胶4的厚度D为1mm。
本公开实施例提供的车辆包括本公开实施例提供的电池包，由于本公开实施例提供的车辆与本公开实施例提供的电池包具有相同的优势，在此不再赘述。
综上所述，在本公开实施例中，通过结构优化、材质的更新，优化冷却板2与电池包箱体侧板1连接区域的接触面结构及接触面的材质构成，可以增大两者之间的接触热阻，降低相应界面的换热能力，降低冷却板2热量/冷量的耗散，以及在低温环境静置的场景下减少电芯热量通过底部冷却板2与箱体侧板1的接触面散失到外界环境，促进电池包保温性能的提升；还可以最大程度降低冷却板2通过下表面大幅面的流道板23向外界散失热量/冷量的可能性，确保不与轻量化目标相悖。
需要说明的是，在本文中，诸如“第一”和“第二”等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。
以上所述仅是本公开的具体实施方式，使本领域技术人员能够理解或实现本公开。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本公开的范围的情况下，在其它实施例中实现。因此，本公开将不会被限制于本文所述的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。
本公开所有实施例均可以单独被执行，也可以与其他实施例相结合被执行，均视为本公开要求的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种电池包，包括：箱体侧板(1)和冷却板(2)；
    所述箱体侧板(1)包括第一安装面(11)，所述冷却板(2)包括与所述第一安装面(11)相对的第二安装面(21)；
    其中，所述冷却板(2)设有凸台(231)，所述凸台(231)凸出于所述第二安装面(21)，所述凸台(231)与所述第一安装面(11)连接，以使所述第一安装面(11)与所述第二安装面(21)之间形成避让间隙(3)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池包，其中所述冷却板(2)包括基板(22)和流道板(23)，所述流道板(23)和所述基板(22)共同形成用于冷却液流动的流道(24)，所述凸台(231)设置于所述流道板(23)，所述第二安装面(21)设置于所述基板(22)。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池包，其中所述流道板(23)和所述基板(22)粘接，所述基板(22)上开设有通孔，所述凸台(231)穿过所述通孔与所述第一安装面(11)连接。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的电池包，其中所述凸台(231)开设有贯穿所述凸台(231)的安装孔，紧固件(5)穿过所述安装孔将所述流道板(23)与所述箱体侧板(1)连接。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的电池包，其中所述冷却板(2)设有多个所述凸台(231)，相邻两个所述凸台(231)之间的距离L满足：50mm≤L≤120mm。
  6. 根据权利要求2至5中任一项所述的电池包，其中所述流道板(23)形成有腔体，所述腔体内设有缓冲件(233)。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的电池包，其中所述第二安装面(21)形成有多个凸起。
  8. 根据权利要求2至7中任一项所述的电池包，其中所述流道板(23)包括流道区和非流道区，所述流道(24)位于所述流道区，所述凸台(231)位于所述非流道区，且所述凸台(231)靠近所述流道板(23)的边缘设置。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的电池包，其中所述避让间隙(3)设有结构胶(4)；
    所述结构胶(4)的厚度D满足：0.5mm≤D≤5mm。
  10. 一种车辆，包括权利要求1至9中任一项所述的电池包。
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