WO2023151296A1 - 电池模组及电动车辆 - Google Patents

电池模组及电动车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023151296A1
WO2023151296A1 PCT/CN2022/124614 CN2022124614W WO2023151296A1 WO 2023151296 A1 WO2023151296 A1 WO 2023151296A1 CN 2022124614 W CN2022124614 W CN 2022124614W WO 2023151296 A1 WO2023151296 A1 WO 2023151296A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tray
battery module
installation
module according
cavity
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/124614
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李凡
黄莹
陈朝海
陈智伟
邱文聪
饶焰
王鸿鹄
陈淑娴
Original Assignee
湖北亿纬动力有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 湖北亿纬动力有限公司 filed Critical 湖北亿纬动力有限公司
Priority to EP22822263.4A priority Critical patent/EP4254629A1/en
Priority to US18/003,330 priority patent/US20240106069A1/en
Publication of WO2023151296A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023151296A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/213—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/244—Secondary casings; Racks; Suspension devices; Carrying devices; Holders characterised by their mounting method
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/262—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders with fastening means, e.g. locks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/289—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/394—Gas-pervious parts or elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • a plurality of battery cells are carried by the tray and placed in the box, and a pressure relief cavity is formed between the tray and the box.
  • the explosion-proof valve of the cell opens, and the gas and jets generated inside the cell enter the pressure relief chamber and are discharged to prevent the cell from catching fire or exploding.
  • there is an assembly gap between the tray and the box which causes the gas or jets generated by the cells to come into contact with the cells above the tray through the assembly gap, which can easily lead to thermal runaway of the cells and cause safety accidents.
  • the present application provides a battery module, which can solve the problem of contact between the gas generated by the battery cell and the battery cell on the tray after thermal runaway, the problem of increasing the cost of installing the seal, and the problem of difficulty in assembly.
  • the box body is provided with an exhaust port, and the box body is provided with a tray installation cavity, and the tray installation cavity has a first installation surface surrounding the periphery of the tray;
  • the tray has a second installation surface abutting against the first installation surface.
  • An electric vehicle includes the above-mentioned battery module.
  • Fig. 3 is A-A to sectional view among Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 4 is a partial enlarged view at D in Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 5 is a partial enlarged view of place C in Fig. 3;
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated ; It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediary, and it can be the internal communication of two components or the interaction relationship between two components.
  • connection can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated ; It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediary, and it can be the internal communication of two components or the interaction relationship between two components.
  • a first feature being "on” or “under” a second feature may include direct contact between the first and second features, and may also include the first and second features Not in direct contact but through another characteristic contact between them.
  • “above”, “above” and “above” the first feature on the second feature include that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is horizontally higher than the second feature.
  • “Below”, “beneath” and “under” the first feature to the second feature include that the first feature is directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature has a lower level than the second feature.
  • the battery module includes a box body 1 and a tray 2 .
  • the tray 2 is configured to install batteries, and multiple batteries are fixed on the tray 2 to form a battery pack.
  • the box body 1 is provided with a tray installation chamber 7, and the tray is arranged in the tray installation chamber 7, and the tray installation chamber 7 is divided into a cell accommodation chamber 8 located above the tray 2 and a pressure relief chamber 9 located below the tray 2.
  • the core accommodation cavity 8 is configured to accommodate the electric core.
  • the tray 2 is provided with a through hole 22 facing the battery cell, and the pressure relief chamber 9 communicates with the through hole 22 and the exhaust port 10 respectively.
  • the explosion-proof valve at one end of the cell opens, and the gas and jets generated in the cell can enter the pressure relief chamber 9 through the through hole 22 and be discharged through the exhaust port 10 to prevent the cell from burning or explode.
  • the area of the pressure relief chamber 9 is larger than the area of the through hole 22, and the gas discharged from the battery core is quickly discharged to the pressure relief chamber 9 through the through hole 22, and then passes through the exhaust port 10 after the pressure decreases. It is beneficial to improve the safety performance of the battery module.
  • the tray installation cavity 7 has a first The mounting surface 101, the tray 2 has a second mounting surface 102, the second mounting surface 102 abuts against the first mounting surface 101, optionally, the flatness between the second mounting surface 102 and the first mounting surface 101 is not greater than 0.5 mm (mm).
  • the assembly gap between the first mounting surface 101 and the second mounting surface 102 can be controlled within a small range, and within this range
  • the gas in the pressure relief chamber 9 cannot pass through the assembly gap, so as to avoid the gas generated when the thermal runaway of the battery cell enters the battery cell accommodation chamber 8, thereby preventing the thermal runaway of the battery cell from spreading, and improving the safety performance of the battery module.
  • the flatness of the first installation surface 101 and the second installation surface 102 may be 0.4mm, 0.3mm, 0.2mm or 0.1mm.
  • the box body 1 includes a bottom guard plate 11 , a side plate 110 , a plurality of cross beams 1610 and a plurality of longitudinal beams 1510 .
  • Each side of the bottom guard 11 is connected with a side plate 110 ; the crossbeam 1610 and the longitudinal beam 1510 are located on the bottom guard 11 and crossed, which is beneficial to improve the strength of the bottom guard 11 .
  • a plurality of crossbeams 1610 and a plurality of longitudinal beams 1510 form a tray installation cavity 7 for installing the tray 2 , and the top surfaces of the crossbeams 1610 and the longitudinal beams 1510 constitute the first installation surface 101 .
  • the tray 2 includes a tray body and a tray flange 21 is arranged around the tray body.
  • the bottom surface of the tray flange 21 is the second installation surface 102 .
  • the tray flange 21 overlaps the first installation surface 101 , and the tray body is located in the tray installation cavity 7 , so that the bottom surface of the tray 2 can be spaced apart from the bottom guard plate 11 to form a pressure relief cavity 9 .
  • the tray flange 21 can be fixedly connected to the first installation surface 101 by screws, which is convenient for installation.
  • the longitudinal beam 1510 extends along the X direction
  • the cross beam 1610 extends along the Y direction.
  • the X direction is perpendicular to the Y direction, that is, the beam 1610 is perpendicular to the longitudinal beam 1510 .
  • the beams 1610 and the longitudinal beams 1510 may also be arranged at an acute angle.
  • Crossbeams 1610 and longitudinal beams 1510 are intersected to divide the space in the box body 1 into a plurality of tray installation cavities 7 , referring to area a marked with dotted lines in FIG. 1 , each tray installation cavity 7 has a tray 2 installed therein.
  • This arrangement makes the multiple batteries in the box 1 divided into multiple groups for installation, which is convenient for adaptively adjusting the number of battery groups according to the capacity of the box 1, and the assembly method is more flexible.
  • the bottom guard plate 11 is roughly rectangular, and there are four side plates 110 , which are two left and right side plates 13 , a front side plate 12 and a rear side plate 14 .
  • the two left and right side plates 13 are arranged along the Y direction, and the front side plate 12 and the rear side plate 14 are arranged along the X direction.
  • first longitudinal beams 151 There are three longitudinal beams 1510, namely two first longitudinal beams 151 and a second longitudinal beam 152, the second longitudinal beam 152 is located between the two first longitudinal beams 151, and the two first longitudinal beams 151 are respectively parallel to And the adjacent side panels are connected, that is, the two first longitudinal beams 151 are respectively connected to the corresponding left and right side panels 13 .
  • the third beam 163 is located between the first beam 161 and the second beam 162 , and the first beam 161 is connected to the rear side panel 14 .
  • the third crossbeam 163 and the second longitudinal beam 152 are cross-shaped, and the middle parts of the first crossbeam 161 and the second crossbeam 162 are respectively connected with the ends of the second longitudinal beam 152 .
  • Three beams 1610 and three longitudinal beams 1510 enclose four tray installation cavities 7 .
  • the first cross beam 161 and the first longitudinal beam 151 can be convex structures on the corresponding side plates, which is beneficial to simplify the number of parts and improve the fixing effect of the first cross beam 161 and the first longitudinal beam 151 to the corresponding side plates.
  • the crossbeam 1610 extends along the Y direction, and the longitudinal beam 1510 extends along the X direction, so that each mounting position a can be rectangular and regular in shape, which is convenient for the arrangement of cells in each group of cells, and is conducive to fully Utilize the space in the box body 1.
  • the bottom guard plate 11 is provided with first protrusions 111 at intervals, the first protrusions 111 protrude toward the direction of the tray 2, and abut against the beam 1610 and the longitudinal beam 1510, so that The position where the first raised portion 111 is not provided on the bottom guard plate 11 is spaced apart from the cross beam 1610 and the longitudinal beam 1510 .
  • a plurality of first protrusions 111 are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the cross beam 1610 on the bottom guard plate 11 below the cross beam 1610 , so that the cross beam 1610 is in partial contact with the bottom guard plate 11 .
  • a plurality of first protrusions 111 are arranged at intervals along the longitudinal direction of the longitudinal beam 1510 on the bottom guard plate 11 below the longitudinal beam 1510 , so that the longitudinal beam 1510 is in partial contact with the bottom guard plate 11 .
  • the first protruding portion 111 may be a convex hull.
  • the cross beam 1610 and the longitudinal beam 1510 can be respectively fixed with the first protrusion 111 by bolts.
  • both the beam 1610 and the longitudinal beam 1510 are fixed to the first protrusion 111 by spot welding.
  • a plurality of battery cells in the box body 1 are usually arranged on a frame with a larger size, and the frame body is fixed in the box body 1 by glue bonding. Due to the large size of the frame body, generally only the four sides are fixed to the box body 1, resulting in insufficient support in the middle of the frame body, and the frame body is easily deformed. Therefore, this type of structure has higher requirements on the strength of the frame body, and also increases the requirements on the bonding effect of the glue, making it difficult to manufacture and high in production costs.
  • the strength of the box body 1 can be improved and the material requirements for the box body 1 can be reduced;
  • a cavity 7 is provided for a plurality of trays of smaller size.
  • a reinforcement block 17 is also provided in the box body 1, the reinforcement block 17 is arranged in the tray installation cavity 7, and is located at the corner of the tray installation cavity 7, and the two ends of the reinforcement block 17 are respectively adjacent to the tray installation cavity 7 The two sides are abutted or connected to improve the strength of the box body 1 .
  • the reinforcement block 17 is disposed at the junction of the beam 1610 and the longitudinal beam 1510 , and adjacent side surfaces of the reinforcement block 17 abut or connect with the beam 1610 and the longitudinal beam 1510 respectively.
  • four exhaust ports 10 are provided on the front side plate 12 of the box body 1 to increase the exhaust flow. In other embodiments, one, two, three, five or more exhaust ports 10 may be provided on the box body 1 .
  • the exhaust port 10 can also be arranged on the bottom guard plate 11 or other side plates of the box body 1 .
  • the tray fixing bolts 5 pass through the bottom guard plate 11 from the bottom of the bottom guard plate 11 and are fixed with the tray 2 , so as to prevent the tray fixing bolts 5 from affecting the arrangement of multiple battery cells on the tray 2 .
  • the back side of the tray 2 is convexly provided with a fixing boss 23, the fixing boss 23 is provided with threaded holes, and the bottom guard plate 11 is provided with communicating holes.
  • the tray fixing bolt 5 is threadedly engaged with the threaded hole after passing through the communicating hole.
  • a sealing member 6 is provided between the fixed boss 23 and the bottom guard plate 11 to seal the communication hole.
  • the sealing member 6 can also avoid excessive compression between the fixing boss 23 and the bottom guard plate 11 , which is beneficial to protect the tray 2 and the bottom guard plate 11 .
  • the sealing member 6 is sleeved on the outside of the fixing boss 23 and elastically abuts against the bottom guard plate 11 .
  • This arrangement structure is more compact, and the fixing boss 23 can have a positioning effect on the sealing member 6 .
  • the bottom guard plate 11 is protruded with a second raised portion 112, and the communication hole is provided on the second raised portion 112, that is, the tray fixing bolt 5 connects the bottom guard plate 11 and the second raised portion 112 fixedly.
  • This arrangement can reduce the distance between the bottom guard plate 11 and the tray 2 , which is beneficial to reduce the height of the fixing boss 23 , thereby reducing the cost and improving the strength of the connecting position between the bottom guard plate 11 and the tray 2 .
  • the bottom of the battery cell and the bottom surface of the pressure relief chamber 9 need to have a certain height, so as to reduce the exhaust pressure and increase the exhaust speed.
  • the sum of the depth H1 of the through hole 22 and the height H2 of the pressure relief chamber 9 is not less than 6mm, so as to ensure the exhaust effect of the battery module, so as to quickly discharge the gas generated by the thermal runaway battery cell, and improve the performance of the power battery. safety performance.
  • the depth H1 of the through hole 22 is 2mm-10mm, such as 2mm, 3mm, 4mm, 5mm, 6mm, 7mm, 8mm, 9mm or 10mm.
  • the height H2 of the pressure relief cavity 9 is 2mm-10mm, such as 2mm, 3mm, 4mm, 5mm, 6mm, 7mm, 8mm, 9mm or 10mm.
  • the sealing plate mounting cavity 33 has a third mounting surface 103 supporting the sealing plate 3, and the sealing plate 3 is set There is a fourth installation surface 104, and the third installation surface 103 abuts against the fourth installation surface 104.
  • the flatness of the third installation surface 103 and the fourth installation surface 104 is not greater than 0.5 mm.
  • the assembly gap between the third installation surface 103 and the fourth installation surface 104 can be controlled within a small range, and within this range, the exhaust The gas in the channel 100 cannot pass through the assembly gap, so as to prevent the gas generated when the battery core is thermally out of control from contacting the electrical components, which is beneficial to improving the safety performance of the battery module.
  • the flatness of the third installation surface 103 and the fourth installation surface 104 may be 0.4mm, 0.3mm, 0.2mm or 0.1mm.
  • supporting bosses are provided on the front side plate 12 and the second beam 162, and the opposite side edges of the sealing plate 3 are overlapped on the supporting bosses so that the sealing plate 3 is fixed.
  • the supporting boss on the front side plate 12 as the first boss 121
  • the first boss 121 is arranged on the side of the front side plate 12 towards the second crossbeam 162
  • the second boss 1621 is disposed on a side of the second beam 162 facing the front side panel 12 .
  • the sealing plate 3 may be fixed to the bottom guard plate 11 through sealing plate fixing bolts, and the structure and fixing method of the sealing plate fixing bolts may refer to the pallet fixing bolts 5 .
  • the sealing plate 3 may be fixed to the first boss 121 and the second boss 1621 by means of bonding, clamping and the like.
  • a pressure relief valve 4 is provided at the exhaust port 10, and the pressure relief valve 4 can be automatically opened when the exhaust pressure reaches a preset value, so that the exhaust port 10 is automatically exhausted when it needs to be exhausted. Close when venting. It should be noted here that the pressure relief valve 4 can adopt any structure in the related art.
  • a second cavity is provided in the crossbeam 1610 and the longitudinal beam 1510 along the length direction thereof, and cross ribs are provided in the second cavity.
  • the box body 1 in the battery module can be formed on the electric vehicle to reduce the number of parts of the electric vehicle.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Gas Exhaust Devices For Batteries (AREA)

Abstract

一种电池模组及电动车辆。该电池模组包括箱体（1）和托盘（2）。箱体（1）上设置有排气口（10），箱体（1）内设置有托盘安装腔（7），托盘安装腔（7）具有环绕托盘（2）周部的第一安装面（101）；托盘（2）设置于托盘安装腔（7）内，并将托盘安装腔（7）分隔为位于托盘（2）上方的电芯容纳腔（8）和位于托盘（2）下方的泄压腔（9），托盘（2）上开设有与电芯正对的通孔（22），泄压腔（9）分别与通孔（22）和排气口（10）连通；其中，电芯容纳腔（8）被设置为容纳电芯；托盘（2）具有第二安装面（102），第二安装面（102）与第一安装面（101）抵接，且第二安装面（102）与第一安装面（101）的平面度均不大于0.5毫米。

Description

电池模组及电动车辆
本公开要求在2022年2月11日提交中国专利局、申请号为202220280498.1的中国专利申请的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及动力电池技术领域，例如涉及一种电池模组及电动车辆。
背景技术
近年来，新能源汽车有了飞跃式发展，尤其是以锂电池为动力的新能源汽车。锂电池中圆柱形电芯在动力系统中应用广泛，由于其单体容量小，会导致单串电池数量较多。
相关技术的圆柱形电池模组中，通过托盘承载多个电芯并置于箱体内，托盘与箱体之间形成有泄压腔。当一电芯热失控时，电芯的防爆阀打开，电芯内部产生的气体及喷射物进入泄压腔内排出，避免电芯起火或爆炸。但托盘与箱体之间存在装配间隙，导致电芯产生的气体或喷射物能够通过装配间隙与托盘上方的电芯接触，容易导致电芯接连出现热失控，从而引发安全事故。
部分电池模组中通过在托盘和箱体之间设置密封件来解决上述问题，但增加密封件增大了装配难度，且提高了成本。
发明内容
本申请提供一种电池模组，能够解决电芯热失控后产生气体与托盘上电芯接触的问题，设置密封件增加成本的问题，以及装配难度的问题。
本申请采用以下技术方案：
一种电池模组，包括箱体和托盘；
所述箱体上设置有排气口，所述箱体内设置有托盘安装腔，所述托盘安装腔具有环绕所述托盘周部的第一安装面；
所述托盘设置于所述托盘安装腔内，并将所述托盘安装腔分隔为位于所述托盘上方的电芯容纳腔和位于所述托盘下方的泄压腔，所述托盘上开设有与电芯正对的通孔，所述泄压腔分别与所述通孔和所述排气口连通；其中，所述电芯容纳腔被设置为容纳所述电芯；
所述托盘具有第二安装面，所述第二安装面与所述第一安装面抵接。
本申请还提供一种电动车辆，能够避免电池模组引发安全事故，提高车辆的安全性能。
一种电动车辆，包括上述的电池模组。
附图说明
图1是本申请提供的电池模组的俯视图；
图2是本申请提供的电池模组的部分结构示意图；
图3是图1中A-A向剖视图；
图4是图2中D处的局部放大图；
图5是图3中C处的局部放大图；
图6是图1中B-B向剖视图。
图中：
1、箱体；11、底护板；111、第一凸起部；112、第二凸起部；101、第一安装面；102、第二安装面；103、第三安装面；104、第四安装面；12、前侧板；121、第一凸台；13、左右侧板；14、后侧板；1510、纵梁；151、第一纵梁；152、第二纵梁；1610、横梁；161、第一横梁；162、第二横梁；1621、第二凸 台；163、第三横梁；17、加强块；2、托盘；21、托盘凸缘；22、通孔；23、固定凸台；33、密封板安装腔；3、密封板；4、泄压阀；5、托盘固定螺栓；6、密封件；7、托盘安装腔；8、电芯容纳腔；9、泄压腔；10、排气口；100、排气通道；110、侧板。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请作说明。可以理解的是，此处所描述的实施例仅仅用于解释本申请。另外还需要说明的是，为了便于描述，附图中仅示出了与本申请相关的部分而非全部结构。
在本申请的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“相连”、“连接”、“固定”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据情况理解上述术语在本申请中的含义。
在本申请中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征之“上”或之“下”可以包括第一和第二特征直接接触，也可以包括第一和第二特征不是直接接触而是通过它们之间的另外的特征接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”包括第一特征在第二特征正上方和斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”包括第一特征在第二特征正下方和斜下方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
在本实施例的描述中，术语“上”、“下”、“右”、等方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述和简化操作，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位具和操作。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅仅用于在描述上加以区分，并没有特殊的含义。
本实施例提供了一种电池模组，结合图1和图2所示，电池模组包括箱体1和托盘2。托盘2被设置为安装电芯，多个电芯固定于托盘2上形成电芯组。箱体1内设置有托盘安装腔7，托盘设置于托盘安装腔7内，并将托盘安装腔7分隔为位于托盘2上方的电芯容纳腔8和位于托盘2下方的泄压腔9，电芯容纳腔8被设置为容纳电芯。托盘2上开设有与电芯正对的通孔22，泄压腔9分别与通孔22和排气口10连通。当电芯热失控时，电芯一端的防爆阀打开，电芯内产生的气体及喷射物能通过通孔22进入泄压腔9内，并通过排气口10排出，以避免电芯燃烧或爆炸。此外，通过上述设置，泄压腔9的面积大于通孔22的面积，由电芯泄压出来的气体通过通孔22迅速排到泄压腔9上，压力减小后再通过排气口10排出，有利于提高电池模组的安全性能。
在一实施例中，箱体1内设置有至少一个托盘安装腔7。
为避免电芯热失控时产生的气体及喷射物由托盘2和箱体1的装配间隙进入电芯容纳腔8中，如图2所示，托盘安装腔7具有环绕托盘2周部的第一安装面101，托盘2具有第二安装面102，第二安装面102与第一安装面101抵接，可选地，第二安装面102与第一安装面101的平面度均不大于0.5毫米(mm)。
本实施例通过控制第一安装面101和第二安装面102的平面度，能够将第一安装面101和第二安装面102之间的装配间隙控制在较小范围内，且在该范围内位于泄压腔9内的气体不能通过该装配间隙，以避免电芯热失控时产生的气体进入电芯容纳腔8中，从而避免电芯热失控蔓延，有利于提高电池模组的安全性能。
此外，通过控制第一安装面101和第二安装面102的平面度，第一安装面101和第二安装面102之间不需设置密封件6，有利于简化电池模组的结构，降低装配难度。
可选地，第一安装面101和第二安装面102的平面度可以为0.4mm、0.3mm、0.2mm或0.1mm。
如图2所示，箱体1包括底护板11、侧板110、多个横梁1610和多个纵梁1510。 底护板11的每侧侧面均连接有侧板110；横梁1610和纵梁1510均位于底护板11上，且交叉设置，有利于提高底护板11的强度。多个横梁1610和多个纵梁1510围合成用于安装托盘2的托盘安装腔7，横梁1610和纵梁1510的顶面构成第一安装面101。
为方便托盘2固定于托盘安装腔7内，托盘2包括盘体和环绕盘体周向设置有托盘凸缘21，托盘凸缘21的底面为第二安装面102。托盘凸缘21搭接于第一安装面101上，盘体位于托盘安装腔7内，以使托盘2的底面能与底护板11间隔设置，以形成泄压腔9。可选地，托盘凸缘21可以通过螺钉与第一安装面101固定连接，安装方便。
结合图1和图2所示，本实施例中，纵梁1510沿X方向延伸，横梁1610沿Y方向延伸。本实施例中，X方向与Y方向垂直，即横梁1610和纵梁1510垂直。在其他实施例中，横梁1610和纵梁1510也可以呈锐角设置。
横梁1610和纵梁1510交叉设置将箱体1内的空间分为多个托盘安装腔7，参见图1中虚线标出区域a，每个托盘安装腔7内均安装有一个托盘2。该种设置使得箱体1内的多个电芯分为多组进行安装，方便根据箱体1的容量去适应性调整电芯组的数量，组装方式更加灵活。
可以理解的是，托盘2设置于托盘安装腔7内，使得托盘安装腔7对托盘2起到定位效果，方便托盘2的安装和固定。
本实施例中，底护板11大致呈矩形，侧板110设置有四个，分别为两个左右侧板13、前侧板12和后侧板14。两个左右侧板13沿Y方向排列，前侧板12和后侧板14沿X方向排列。
纵梁1510设置有三根，分别为两个第一纵梁151和一个第二纵梁152，第二纵梁152位于两个第一纵梁151之间，两个第一纵梁151分别与平行且相邻的侧板连接，即两个第一纵梁151分别与对应的左右侧板13连接。
横梁1610设置有三根，分别为第一横梁161、第二横梁162和第三横梁163。 第三横梁163位于第一横梁161和第二横梁162之间，第一横梁161与后侧板14连接。第三横梁163与第二纵梁152呈十字形，第一横梁161和第二横梁162的中部分别与第二纵梁152的端部连接。三根横梁1610和三根纵梁1510围成四个托盘安装腔7。
可选地，第一横梁161和第一纵梁151可以为对应侧板上的凸起结构，有利于简化零件数量，提高第一横梁161和第一纵梁151与对应侧板的固定效果。
本实施例中，横梁1610沿Y方向延伸，纵梁1510沿X方向延伸，可以使每个安装位a均为矩形，形状规则，方便每组电芯组中电芯排布，且有利于充分利用箱体1内空间。
为了降低电芯热失控时泄压腔9内的气压，至少部分横梁1610和至少部分纵梁1510均与底护板11间隔设置，以使多个托盘安装腔7内的泄压腔9连通，增大泄压腔9的容积来降低泄压腔9内的压力。本实施例中，横梁1610和纵梁1510均与底护板11局部接触，以使横梁1610和纵梁1510与底护板11之间设置有间隙，以连通相邻托盘安装腔7内的泄压腔9。
如图3和图4所示，底护板11上间隔设置有第一凸起部111，第一凸起部111朝向托盘2方向凸设，并与横梁1610和纵梁1510抵接，以使底护板11未设置第一凸起部111的位置与横梁1610和纵梁1510间隔设置。
本实施例中，底护板11上位于横梁1610下方的位置沿横梁1610的长度方向间隔排列有多个第一凸起部111，以使横梁1610与底护板11局部接触。底护板11上位于纵梁1510下方的位置沿纵梁1510的长度方向间隔排列有多个第一凸起部111，以使纵梁1510与底护板11局部接触。可选地，第一凸起部111可以为凸包。
一些实施例中，横梁1610和纵梁1510分别与第一凸起部111可以通过螺栓固定。
本实施例中，横梁1610和纵梁1510均通过点焊固定于第一凸起部111。
相关技术中，箱体1内的多个电芯通常设置于一个尺寸较大的架体上，架体 通过胶粘结固定在箱体1内。因架体的尺寸较大，一般仅四周与箱体1固定，导致架体中部支撑不足，架体容易变形。因此，该种结构对架体强度要求较高，同时也加大对胶粘结效果的要求，制造难度大，生产成本高。
本实施例中，通过在箱体1内设置横梁1610和纵梁1510，可以提高箱体1的强度，降低对箱体1材质要求；通过横梁1610和纵梁1510将箱体1内的空间分为多个尺寸较小的托盘安装腔7。利用多个小尺寸的托盘2代替相关技术中大尺寸的架体，使得每个托盘2的强度增加，提高电芯组结构的稳定性，也降低了对托盘2固定强度的要求，有利于降低制造难度和成本。
可选地，箱体1内还设置有加强块17，加强块17设置于托盘安装腔7内，并位于托盘安装腔7的拐角处，加强块17的两端分别与托盘安装腔7相邻两个侧面抵接或连接，以提高箱体1的强度。本实施例中，加强块17设置于横梁1610和纵梁1510的连接处，且加强块17的相邻两侧侧面分别与横梁1610和纵梁1510抵接或连接。
本实施例中，箱体1的前侧板12上设置有四个排气口10，以增大排气流量。在其他实施例中，箱体1上可以设置有一个、二个、三个、五个或更多排气口10。排气口10也可以设置在箱体1的底护板11或其他侧板上。
为避免托盘2受电芯重力影响中部变形影响泄压腔9正常排气，如图3和图5所示，托盘2的底面与底护板11通过托盘固定螺栓5固定。托盘固定螺栓5一方面能够将托盘2与箱体1固定，另一方面还可以支撑托盘2，以避免托盘2变形。
可选地，托盘固定螺栓5由底护板11的底部穿过底护板11并与托盘2固定，以避免托盘固定螺栓5影响托盘2上多个电芯的排布。
为保证托盘固定螺栓5与托盘2的固定效果，托盘2的背面凸设有固定凸台23，固定凸台23上设置有螺纹孔，底护板11上设置有连通孔。托盘固定螺栓5穿过连通孔后与螺纹孔螺纹配合。通过设置固定凸台23，能够局部增大托盘2的厚度，以保证螺纹孔的深度，以提高托盘固定螺栓5与托盘2的螺旋配合深度，从而提 高托盘固定螺栓5与托盘2的固定效果以及对托盘2的支撑稳定性。
为避免设置连通孔导致泄压腔9由连通孔向外排气，固定凸台23与底护板11之间设置有密封件6，以密封连通孔。此外，密封件6还能够避免固定凸台23和底护板11之间过渡压紧，有利于保护托盘2和底护板11。
可选地，密封件6套设在固定凸台23外，并与底护板11弹性抵接。该种设置结构更加紧凑，且固定凸台23能够对密封件6起到定位效果。
可选地，底护板11上凸设有第二凸起部112，连通孔设置在第二凸起部112上，即托盘固定螺栓5将底护板11和第二凸起部112固定连接。该种设置，能够缩小底护板11和托盘2之间的距离，有利于减小固定凸台23的高度，从而降低成本，提高底护板11与托盘2连接位置的强度。
此外，为保证气体能够被顺利排出，电芯的底部与泄压腔9的底面需要具有一定的高度，以减小排气压力，提高排气速度。可选地，通孔22的深度H1与泄压腔9的高度H2之和不小于6mm，以确保电池模组的排气效果，以迅速将热失控电芯产生的气体排出，提高动力电池的安全性能。
可选地，通孔22的深度H1为2mm-10mm，例如2mm、3mm、4mm、5mm、6mm、7mm、8mm、9mm或10mm。
可选地，泄压腔9的高度H2为2mm-10mm，例如2mm、3mm、4mm、5mm、6mm、7mm、8mm、9mm或10mm。
因电池模组中还需要设置电器件，为了提供安装这些电器件的空间，结合图1、图2和图6所示，本实施例中，箱体1内设置有密封板安装腔33以及密封板3，密封板3设置于密封板安装腔33内，被设置为安装电器件。可选地，第二横梁162和前侧板12间隔设置，第二横梁162和前侧板12之间形成密封板安装腔33以安装密封板3。密封板3与底护板11间隔设置形成排气通道100，排气通道100分别与泄压腔9和前侧板12上的排气口10连通。
为避免排气通道100内的气体通过密封板3与密封板安装腔33之间的装配间 隙与电器件接触，密封板安装腔33具有支撑密封板3的第三安装面103，密封板3设置有第四安装面104，第三安装面103与第四安装面104抵接，可选地，第三安装面103与第四安装面104的平面度均不大于0.5mm。
通过控制第三安装面103和第四安装面104的平面度，能够将第三安装面103和第四安装面104之间的装配间隙控制在较小范围内，且在该范围内位于排气通道100内的气体不能通过该装配间隙，以避免电芯热失控时产生的气体与电器件接触，有利于提高电池模组的安全性能。
此外，通过控制第三安装面103和第四安装面104的平面度，第三安装面103和第四安装面104之间不需设置密封件6，有利于简化电池模组的结构，降低装配难度。
可选地，第三安装面103和第四安装面104的平面度可以为0.4mm、0.3mm、0.2mm或0.1mm。
为方便密封板3安装，前侧板12和第二横梁162上均设置有承托凸台，密封板3的相对两侧边沿搭接在承托凸台上，以便密封板3固定。定义前侧板12上的承托凸台为第一凸台121，第一凸台121设置在前侧板12朝向第二横梁162的一侧；定义第二横梁162上的承托凸台为第二凸台1621，第二凸台1621设置在第二横梁162朝向前侧板12的一侧。
第一凸台121的顶面和第二凸台1621的顶面构成至少部分第三安装面103，密封板3的底面为第四安装面104。
可选地，密封板3可以通过密封板固定螺栓与底护板11固定，密封板固定螺栓的结构以及固定方式可以参考托盘固定螺栓5。
其他实施例中，密封板3可以通过粘结、卡接等方式与第一凸台121和第二凸台1621固定。
如图5所示，前侧板12为中空结构，其内设置有第一空腔，且第一空腔与泄压通道连通。气体由泄压通道进入前侧板12后，再通过排气口10排出。第一空 腔内设置有多个隔板，隔板将第一空腔分隔为多个子腔体，排气口10通过一个子腔体与泄压通道连通。通过设置隔板，能够放置气体进入其他子腔体内，有利于实现定向排气，以提高排气速度，提高电池模组的安全性能。
本实施例中，排气口10处设置有泄压阀4，泄压阀4能够在排气压力达到预设值时自动打开，以便排气口10在需要排气时自动排气，不需排气时关闭。此处需要说明的是，泄压阀4可以采用相关技术中任一种结构。
可选地，横梁1610和纵梁1510内沿自身长度方向设置有第二空腔，第二空腔内设置有交叉设置的筋板。通过将横梁1610和纵梁1510设置为空心结构，能够减小横梁1610和纵梁1510的重力；通过设置筋板能够提高横梁1610和纵梁1510的强度。
本实施例还提供一种电动车辆，包括上述的电池模组。该电动车辆采用上述电池模组，可以避免一电芯热失控后蔓延至其他电芯，避免导致整个电池模组热失控。
可选地，电池模组中的箱体1可以形成在电动车辆上，以减少电动车辆的零件数量。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种电池模组，包括箱体(1)和托盘(2)；
    所述箱体(1)上设置有排气口(10)，所述箱体(1)内设置有托盘安装腔(7)，所述托盘安装腔(7)具有环绕所述托盘(2)周部的第一安装面(101)；
    所述托盘(2)设置于所述托盘安装腔(7)内，并将所述托盘安装腔(7)分隔为位于所述托盘(2)上方的电芯容纳腔(8)和位于所述托盘(2)下方的泄压腔(9)，所述托盘(2)上开设有与电芯正对的通孔(22)，所述泄压腔分别与所述通孔(22)和所述排气口(10)连通；其中，所述电芯容纳腔(8)被设置为容纳所述电芯；
    所述托盘(2)具有第二安装面(102)，所述第二安装面(102)与所述第一安装面(101)抵接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池模组，其中，所述箱体(1)包括：
    底护板(11)；
    侧板(110)，所述底护板(11)的每侧侧面均连接有所述侧板(110)；
    多个横梁(1610)和多个纵梁(1510)，多个横梁(1610)和多个纵梁(1510)交叉设置围合成托盘安装腔(7)，所述横梁(1610)和所述纵梁(1510)的顶面构成所述第一安装面(101)。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池模组，其中，至少部分所述横梁(1610)和至少部分所述纵梁(1510)均与所述底护板(11)间隔设置，以使多个所述托盘安装腔(7)内的所述泄压腔(9)连通。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的电池模组，其中，所述纵梁(1510)包括第一纵梁(151)，所述横梁(1610)包括第一横梁(161)，所述第一横梁(161)和所述第一纵梁(151)分别与相邻的所述侧板(110)连接。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电池模组，其中，所述第一横梁(161)和所述第 一纵梁(151)均为对应所述侧板(110)上的凸出结构。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的电池模组，其中，所述箱体(1)内设置有密封板安装腔(33)及密封板(3)，所述密封板安装腔(33)具有支撑所述密封板(3)的第三安装面(103)，所述密封板(3)设置有第四安装面(104)，所述第三安装面(103)与所述第四安装面(104)抵接，所述密封板(3)与所述底护板(11)间隔设置形成排气通道(100)，所述排气通道(100)分别连通所述排气口(10)和所述泄压腔(9)。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的电池模组，其中，所述底护板(11)上设置有第一凸起部(111)，所述横梁(1610)和所述纵梁(1510)均点焊固定在所述第一凸起部(111)上。
  8. 根据权利要求2所述的电池模组，其中，所述底护板(11)上间隔设置有多个第二凸起部(112)，所述第二凸起部(112)与所述托盘(2)底面连接。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电池模组，其中，所述托盘(2)与所述第二凸起部(112)通过托盘固定螺栓(5)固定。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的电池模组，其中，所述第二安装面(102)与所述第一安装面(101)的平面度均不大于0.5毫米。
  11. 根据权利要求6所述的电池模组，其中，所述第三安装面(103)与所述第四安装面(104)的平面度均不大于0.5毫米。
  12. 一种电动车辆，包括如权利要求1-11中任一项所述的电池模组。
PCT/CN2022/124614 2022-02-11 2022-10-11 电池模组及电动车辆 WO2023151296A1 (zh)

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