WO2023029762A1 - 一种车体姿态调节方法及车体姿态调节系统 - Google Patents

一种车体姿态调节方法及车体姿态调节系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023029762A1
WO2023029762A1 PCT/CN2022/105364 CN2022105364W WO2023029762A1 WO 2023029762 A1 WO2023029762 A1 WO 2023029762A1 CN 2022105364 W CN2022105364 W CN 2022105364W WO 2023029762 A1 WO2023029762 A1 WO 2023029762A1
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vehicle body
acceleration
vertical
damping actuator
compensation amount
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PCT/CN2022/105364
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
周威
贺伟
吴启勇
韩勇
范雨辰
章卿
杨恩泽
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杭州中车车辆有限公司
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Publication of WO2023029762A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023029762A1/zh

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61RAILWAYS
    • B61FRAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/02Arrangements permitting limited transverse relative movements between vehicle underframe or bolster and bogie; Connections between underframes and bogies
    • B61F5/22Guiding of the vehicle underframes with respect to the bogies
    • B61F5/24Means for damping or minimising the canting, skewing, pitching, or plunging movements of the underframes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61RAILWAYS
    • B61FRAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/50Other details

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of rail vehicles, and further relates to a vehicle body attitude adjustment method and a vehicle body attitude adjustment system.
  • the straddle monorail is a kind of monorail.
  • the straddle monorail is supported, stabilized and guided by a single track.
  • the car body adopts a rail transit system in which rubber tires ride on track beams.
  • straddle-type monorail vehicles are regulated by air springs, and the vehicle floor is basically kept level by controlling the height adjustment valve to adjust the compressed air pressure of the air springs, which directly improves the stability of the vehicle body.
  • the semi-active suspension mainly bears vertical loads, and other guiding structures must bear lateral loads, longitudinal loads, and guiding moments, and the effect of improving the running stability of the car body in the ultra-high curve section is not good.
  • the present invention provides a vehicle body attitude adjustment method, which determines the actual overall compensation amount of the vehicle body based on the detection value of the sensor, and controls each actuator to make corresponding actions to improve the comfort of passing through the curved road section.
  • the specific scheme is as follows:
  • a vehicle body attitude adjustment method comprising:
  • the control module calculates the displacement conversion compensation amount of the vehicle body according to the displacement detection value; calculates the angle conversion compensation amount of the vehicle body according to the angle detection value; calculates the acceleration conversion compensation amount of the vehicle body according to the acceleration detection value;
  • the control module adjusts and judges the posture of the vehicle body according to the displacement conversion compensation amount, the angle conversion compensation amount, and the acceleration conversion compensation amount, and outputs decoupling and distribution to determine the actual overall compensation amount of the vehicle body;
  • the control module controls the vertical damping actuator, the transverse damping actuator and the longitudinal damping actuator to output compensation motions according to the actual overall compensation amount.
  • the displacement conversion compensation amount includes:
  • the displacements of the car body system corresponding to the front and rear bogies are:
  • X 1 and X 2 are the displacement of the center of mass of the car body system
  • is pitch angle
  • Z b1 and Z b2 are the vertical displacement of the bogie assembly
  • a is the lateral distance between the line of action of the damping actuator and the center of mass of the vehicle body.
  • the angle conversion compensation amount includes:
  • the vertical compensation amounts of the vertical damping actuators on the left and right sides are respectively:
  • the lateral compensation amount of the lateral damping actuator is:
  • M s is the mass of the car body; V is the speed of the car; R is the radius of the curve; is the comfort-based roll compensation angle, is the safety-based roll compensation angle.
  • the acceleration conversion compensation amount includes:
  • the vertical force of the vertical damping actuator is:
  • the corresponding compensation amounts are respectively determined :
  • F 1 is the contribution of ups and downs to the vertical force of the damping actuator
  • F 2 is the contribution of the nodding motion to the vertical force of the damping actuator
  • F 3 is the contribution of the rolling motion to the vertical force of the damping actuator
  • F 4 is the lateral force contribution of the yaw motion to the damping actuator
  • F 5 is the lateral force contribution of the shaking head motion to the damping actuator
  • K s is the vertical stiffness of the damping actuator;
  • C s is the vertical damping value;
  • a 1 is the ups and downs acceleration of the car body
  • a 2 is the edge acceleration of the nodding measuring point
  • a 3 is the edge acceleration of the roll measuring point
  • a 4 is the yaw acceleration
  • a 5 is the edge acceleration of the shaking head measuring point
  • a 11 is the ups and downs acceleration of the bogie frame
  • a 22 is the edge acceleration of the nodding measuring point
  • a 33 is the edge acceleration of the roll measuring point
  • a 44 is the yaw acceleration
  • a 55 is the edge acceleration of the shaking head measuring point.
  • V is the vehicle speed
  • R is the curve radius of the monorail beam
  • is the superelevation rate of the monorail beam
  • ⁇ e is the critical superelevation rate of the monorail beam.
  • the present invention also provides a car body attitude adjustment system, including a bogie assembly, a control module, a displacement sensor, an angle sensor, and an acceleration sensor;
  • the bogie assembly includes a frame, a transition bracket, a vertical damping actuator, a transverse damping actuator and a central traction device; the frame is provided with traveling wheels and horizontal wheels, and a Assembling the transition bracket, the transition bracket is connected and fixed to the vehicle body;
  • the vertical damping actuator and the transverse damping actuator are arranged between the frame and the transition bracket;
  • the central traction device is installed on the upper part of the frame, the central traction device includes a pin seat fixed on the frame and a pin body installed in the pin seat, the top end of the pin body is fixed on the bottom of the car body, A longitudinal damping actuator is arranged longitudinally between the pin seat and the pin body;
  • the displacement sensor includes a vertical height sensor installed on the transition bracket, a lateral displacement sensor, and a longitudinal displacement sensor installed on the pin body;
  • the angle sensor includes a body mounted gyroscope
  • the acceleration sensor includes a vertical acceleration sensor installed on the outer periphery of the vehicle body.
  • an auxiliary vertical shock absorber is provided between the frame and the transition bracket.
  • the inner wall of the pin seat is configured to define a transverse stop and a longitudinal stop of the pin body.
  • the upper surface of the frame is provided with a vertical stop for limiting the vertical lowest position of the vehicle body.
  • the present invention provides a vehicle body attitude adjustment method and a vehicle body attitude adjustment system.
  • Several sensors are used for detection, and the displacement detection value of the vehicle body, the angle detection value of the vehicle body, and the acceleration detection value of the vehicle body are respectively obtained, so that The real motion state of the car body is known;
  • the control module calculates the displacement conversion compensation amount of the car body according to the displacement detection value, calculates the angle conversion compensation amount of the car body according to the angle detection value, and calculates the acceleration conversion compensation amount of the car body according to the acceleration detection value ;
  • the control module performs adjustment and judgment of the vehicle body posture according to the displacement conversion compensation amount, angle conversion compensation amount, and acceleration conversion compensation amount, and outputs decoupling and distribution to determine the actual overall compensation amount of the vehicle body, that is, to carry out the above-mentioned each compensation amount Analyze and compare, and finally determine the actual compensation to be realized.
  • the compensation for the entire vehicle needs to be converted into the compensation movement of the entire specific actuator.
  • the control module controls the vertical damping actuator and the lateral damping actuator according to the actual overall compensation amount.
  • the actuator and the longitudinal damping actuator output compensating motions, and compensate and control the vehicle from the vertical, lateral, and longitudinal directions respectively, so that the vehicle can have better comfort when passing through curved road sections.
  • Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of vehicle on monorail
  • Fig. 2 is a logical block diagram of the vehicle body posture adjustment method of the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is a response logic block diagram of the vehicle body posture adjustment method of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a simplified mechanical model of the vehicle
  • Fig. 5 is the mechanical simplified model of central traction device
  • Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 are respectively the schematic diagrams of two different angles that the bogie assembly cooperates with the monorail;
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the central traction device
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the central traction device.
  • the picture includes:
  • the core of the present invention is to provide a vehicle body posture adjustment method, which determines the actual overall compensation amount of the vehicle body based on the detection value of the sensor, and controls each actuator to make corresponding actions, so as to improve the comfort of passing through the curved road section.
  • the invention provides a method for adjusting the posture of a car body, which includes the following steps:
  • the control module calculates the displacement conversion compensation amount of the vehicle body according to the displacement detection value; calculates the angle conversion compensation amount of the vehicle body according to the angle detection value; calculates the acceleration conversion compensation amount of the vehicle body according to the acceleration detection value.
  • the control module is used to obtain data, calculate and output control functions.
  • the targeted compensation amount is obtained from the above-mentioned displacement detection value, angle detection value, and acceleration detection value, and the displacement conversion compensation amount is obtained for the displacement detection value.
  • the acceleration conversion compensation amount is obtained according to the acceleration detection value.
  • the control module adjusts and judges the attitude of the car body according to the displacement conversion compensation amount, angle conversion compensation amount, and acceleration conversion compensation amount, and outputs decoupling and distribution to determine the actual overall compensation amount of the car body. Since the three compensation amounts obtained in the above step S2 are the displacement conversion compensation amount, the angle conversion compensation amount, and the acceleration conversion compensation amount, there may be differences between these three compensation amounts, and they are not completely equal under normal circumstances. It is necessary to process these three compensation amounts, adjust and judge the attitude of the car body, and output decoupling and distribution to determine the actual overall compensation amount of the car body.
  • the actual overall compensation amount output in the end may be displacement conversion compensation amount, angle conversion compensation One of the three, the acceleration conversion compensation amount, or an intermediate value between the three.
  • the output decoupling and distribution of the vehicle body attitude adjustment control can refer to intelligent control methods such as adaptive control, robust control and neural network.
  • the control module controls the vertical damping actuator 3 , the transverse damping actuator 4 and the longitudinal damping actuator 53 to output compensation motions according to the actual overall compensation amount.
  • the vertical damping actuator 3, the lateral damping actuator 4 and the longitudinal damping actuator 53 can stretch and change the length to adjust the vehicle body, and the vertical damping actuator 3 is used to compensate and adjust the vertical and lateral direction of the vehicle body.
  • the damping actuator 4 compensates and adjusts the transverse direction of the vehicle body, and the longitudinal damping actuator 53 is used for compensating and adjusting the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body.
  • Multiple vertical damping actuators 3, transverse damping actuators 4 and longitudinal damping actuators 53 are provided respectively, and magnetorheological damping actuators are used to change their length and support stiffness by controlling the magnitude of the current.
  • the force of the magneto-rheological damping actuator is related to the amount of displacement and expansion. The greater the elongation, the stronger the supporting force. Therefore, the adjustment of the magnetorheological damping actuator can be expressed by both displacement and
  • the nonlinear force control model of the vehicle state is established by using the collected acceleration analog data, and the required damping force of each damping actuator is calculated according to the feedback of the acceleration sensor at each position.
  • the magnitude of the force between the coil permanent magnet and the moving permanent magnet and the viscosity characteristics of the magnetorheological fluid are changed according to the calculated current input, thereby adjusting the stiffness and damping of each damper.
  • the electromagnetic force of the actuator is basically proportional to the current, so the electromagnetic force can be controlled by controlling the phase current to achieve the best vibration reduction effect.
  • F C 1 I 2 +C 2 I+d
  • C 1 and C 2 are the coefficients of the damping actuator
  • I is the current of the actuator.
  • a nonlinear displacement control model of the vehicle state is established. According to the feedback of the displacement sensor, the attitude of the vehicle body is obtained, and the required displacement of each damping actuator is calculated, so as to compensate the relative displacement between the bogie and the chassis of the vehicle body.
  • FIG. 1 it is a schematic diagram of a vehicle on a monorail, where the Z direction represents the vertical direction, the Y direction represents the horizontal direction, and the X direction represents the longitudinal direction, and the vehicle travels along the X direction.
  • Fig. 2 is a logical block diagram of the method for adjusting the attitude of the vehicle body of the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is a logical block diagram of the response of the method for adjusting the attitude of the vehicle body of the present invention.
  • the vehicle body attitude adjustment method of the present invention obtains the real-time state of the vehicle body, obtains the corresponding detection values of displacement, angle and acceleration, and calculates on this basis to obtain three specific compensation values for displacement, angle and acceleration respectively.
  • the two compensation values may be inconsistent and cannot be directly applied. Therefore, a further comprehensive judgment is made on the basis of these three compensation values, and the actual overall compensation amount is finally output to control the vertical damping actuator 3, the lateral damping actuator 4 and the longitudinal damping actuator.
  • the actuator 53 outputs compensating motions, respectively outputting compensations in the vertical, lateral and longitudinal directions, so as to improve the stability of the vehicle passing through the curved road section and improve the riding experience of passengers.
  • the present invention further explains the compensation amount calculation method of displacement, angle and acceleration respectively:
  • Figure 4 is a simplified mechanical model of the vehicle.
  • the displacement conversion compensation amount of the present invention comprises:
  • the displacements of the car body system corresponding to the front and rear bogies are:
  • X 1 and X 2 are the displacement of the center of mass of the car body system respectively; the mass of the car body system is the sprung mass.
  • is pitch angle
  • Z b1 and Z b2 are the vertical displacement of the bogie assembly
  • a is the lateral distance between the line of action of the damping actuator and the center of mass of the vehicle body.
  • the specific value of the required compensation amount of the actuator is determined according to the real-time feedback of the displacement sensor.
  • Z s1 and Z s2 represent the vertical displacement of the center of mass of the car body, ⁇ represents the yaw angle displacement of the car body; Z b1 and Z b2 represent the vertical displacement of the bogie assembly; F 1 and F 2 represent the damping effect active control force of the actuator; q 1 and q 2 represent the roughness of the road surface; m s represents the mass of the car body assembly, J represents the moment of inertia of the car body; m b1 and m b2 represent half the mass of the bogie; k s1 and k s2 represents the stiffness of the left and right secondary suspensions; d s1 and d s2 represent the vertical damping coefficients of the left and right secondary suspensions; k t1 and k t2 represent the vertical stiffness of the running wheels; d t1 and d t2 represent the running wheels; The vertical damping coefficient of , a and b represent the lateral distance between the line of action of the damper
  • the displacement of the vehicle body system corresponding to the front and rear bogies can be expressed as:
  • the angle conversion compensation amount of the present invention includes:
  • the vertical compensation amounts of the vertical damping actuators 3 on the left and right sides are respectively:
  • the lateral compensation amount of the lateral damping actuator 4 is:
  • M s is the mass of the car body; V is the speed of the car; R is the radius of the curve; is the comfort-based roll compensation angle, is the safety-based roll compensation angle.
  • the specific value of the required compensation amount of the actuator can be determined according to the real-time feedback of the angle sensor, so as to achieve the best vehicle comfort and safety.
  • a compensating roll angle must be applied to the vehicle body, so that the center of mass will be shifted, and then the rolling force and rolling moment on the vehicle passengers and the vehicle body will be balanced.
  • M L3 F L3 (h 2 -h 3 )
  • the center of mass is shifted by the damping actuator, and the anti-rolling moment generated by it suppresses the overturning moment generated by the centrifugal force on the curve.
  • the principle of comfort is that the smaller the lateral force, the better, and the roll compensation angle based on comfort is
  • the safety principle is that the smaller the lateral moment, the better, and the safety-based roll compensation angle is
  • the adjusted compensation amount of the vertical damping actuator is allocated.
  • the adjustment compensation amount of the lateral damping actuator is distributed according to the difference between the roll compensation angle calculated for comfort minus the safety roll compensation angle. The anti-rolling force and anti-rolling moment both reach the optimal value.
  • the lateral force adjustment amount of the lateral damping actuator is as follows:
  • the acceleration conversion compensation amount includes:
  • the vertical force of the vertical damping actuator 3 is:
  • F 1 is the contribution of ups and downs to the vertical force of the damping actuator
  • F 2 is the contribution of the nodding motion to the vertical force of the damping actuator
  • F 3 is the contribution of the rolling motion to the vertical force of the damping actuator
  • F 4 is the lateral force contribution of the yaw motion to the damping actuator
  • F 5 is the lateral force contribution of the shaking head motion to the damping actuator
  • K s is the vertical stiffness of the damping actuator; C s is the vertical damping value.
  • a 1 is the ups and downs acceleration of the car body
  • a 2 is the edge acceleration of the nodding measuring point
  • a 3 is the edge acceleration of the roll measuring point
  • a 4 is the yaw acceleration
  • a 5 is the edge acceleration of the shaking head measuring point
  • a 6 is the stretching acceleration
  • a 11 is the ups and downs acceleration of the bogie frame
  • a 22 is the edge acceleration of the nodding measuring point
  • a 33 is the edge acceleration of the roll measuring point
  • a 44 is the yaw acceleration
  • a 55 is the edge acceleration of the shaking head measuring point
  • a 66 is the telescopic acceleration .
  • the accelerations involved in the above can be obtained by actual measurement without decomposition.
  • each damping actuator is distributed according to the real-time feedback value of each acceleration sensor on the vehicle body.
  • the straddle monorail vehicle has six degrees of freedom motions, including telescopic motion, yaw motion, ups and downs motion, rolling motion, nodding motion and shaking head motion.
  • the ups and downs acceleration of the car body is a 1
  • the edge acceleration of the nodding measuring point is a 2
  • the edge acceleration of the roll measuring point is a 3
  • the yaw acceleration is a 4
  • the edge acceleration of the shaking head measuring point is a 5
  • the stretching acceleration is a 6 .
  • a c1 , a c2 , a c3 , a d1 , and a d2 are actually measured acceleration signals.
  • the vibration acceleration of each degree of freedom in the multi-degree-of-freedom vibration system can be solved, and the multi-degree-of-freedom can be converted into a single degree of freedom.
  • the linear model of the air spring can be established, and the vertical force acting on the car body can be calculated according to the coupling type. .
  • the ups and downs acceleration of the bogie frame is a 11
  • the edge acceleration of the nodding measuring point is a 22
  • the edge acceleration of the roll measuring point is a 33
  • the yaw acceleration is a 44
  • the edge acceleration of the shaking head measuring point is a 55
  • the telescopic acceleration is a 66 .
  • the relational equation of the bogie frame is no longer described, and is similar to the equation of the car body.
  • Zb is the excitation of the damper
  • Hb is the test vibration signal above the bolster of the chassis. According to the acceleration signal of the measured data, the specific value can be obtained by performing secondary integration respectively.
  • F 1 is the vertical force contribution of the ups and downs motion to the damping actuator
  • F 2 is the contribution of the nodding motion to the vertical force of the damping actuator
  • F 3 is the vertical force contribution of the rolling motion to the damping actuator
  • F 4 is the lateral force contribution of the yaw motion to the damping actuator
  • F 5 is the lateral force contribution of the shaking head motion to the damping actuator.
  • the present invention limits the highest speed and the lowest speed of the vehicle through the curve by the following formula:
  • V is the vehicle speed
  • R is the curve radius of the monorail beam
  • is the superelevation rate of the monorail beam
  • ⁇ e is the critical superelevation rate of the monorail beam.
  • the vehicle speed needs to be kept between the maximum speed and the minimum speed.
  • the wheel load reduction rate is defined as ⁇ P/P, where ⁇ P is the wheel weight reduction amount of the wheel on the load reduction side, and P is the average static wheel weight of the wheels on the load reduction and increase load sides.
  • the wheel weight unloading rate is an important index to evaluate the safety of train operation, and the derailment risk is judged by two indicators: the derailment coefficient and the wheel weight unloading rate.
  • the required preload force of the horizontal wheels under the maximum superelevation rate and the limit speed of the vehicle curve passing are determined in advance, and the stability and design rationality of the current structure are judged according to the wheel load reduction rate.
  • the preload of the horizontal wheel is:
  • u is the lateral movement coefficient of the bogie frame
  • v is the roll coefficient of the bogie frame
  • the critical monorail superelevation rate ⁇ e Kst is the radial stiffness of the horizontal wheels
  • h is the vertical distance between the horizontal wheels and the center of mass of the frame.
  • the first limit of the wheel load reduction rate is ⁇ P/P ⁇ 0.65, which is a qualified standard for evaluating vehicle operation safety; the second limit is ⁇ P/P ⁇ 0.60, which is a standard for increasing the safety margin.
  • P1 and P2 are the vertical force (kN) of the running tire on the load-increasing side and the load-reducing side of the same running part, respectively. According to the increase and decrease load ratio of the running tires, the stability of the vehicle is preliminarily judged.
  • the vehicle can maintain a good anti-overturning state.
  • the lateral unbalanced acceleration a of the vehicle the curve radius R of the monorail beam, the vehicle speed V, and the superelevation rate ⁇ of the monorail beam.
  • the present invention also provides a car body attitude adjustment system, which includes structures such as a bogie assembly, a control module, a displacement sensor, an angle sensor, and an acceleration sensor.
  • Two bogie assemblies are installed on the bottom of the car body, one in front and one behind.
  • Fig. 5 is a mechanical simplified model of the central traction device 5, combined with Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, it is a schematic diagram of two different angles of the cooperation between the bogie assembly and the monorail, and A in the figure represents the monorail.
  • Frame 1 is a load-bearing structure, which is the main structure of the bogie assembly, and other parts are installed on it.
  • the traveling wheels 11 are positioned on the upper surface of the monorail, and the motor drives the traveling wheels 11 to rotate, making the vehicle move along the monorail in the direction shown by the double arrows.
  • Horizontal wheel 12 is provided with a plurality of, is stuck in the both sides of monorail respectively, and traveling wheel 11 is driven wheel usually, rotates synchronously when vehicle walks, and vehicle is carried out spacing, prevents from toppling over.
  • a set of transition brackets 2 are respectively arranged on both lateral sides of the frame 1, and the transition brackets 2 are connected and fixed to the vehicle body to provide support for the vehicle body.
  • a vertical damping actuator 3 and a lateral damping actuator 4 are arranged between the frame 1 and the transition bracket 2, the vertical damping actuator 3 is used for vertical telescopic adjustment, and the lateral damping actuator 4 is used for lateral telescopic adjustment.
  • a rubber pad is provided between the transition bracket 2 and the connection position of each damping actuator.
  • the top of the frame 1 is equipped with a central traction device 5, shown in FIG. 8, which is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the central traction device 5, and FIG.
  • the central traction device 5 includes a pin seat 51 fixed to the frame 1 and a pin body 52 installed in the pin seat 51, and a rubber sleeve is arranged between the pin seat 51 and the pin body 52 for buffering.
  • the top of the pin body 52 is provided with a flange, the top of the pin body 52 is fixed on the bottom of the car body, and a longitudinal damping actuator 53 is arranged longitudinally between the pin seat 51 and the pin body 52, and the damping actuator 53 is a magneto-rheological damping Actuator for longitudinal telescopic adjustment.
  • the displacement sensor includes a vertical height sensor installed on the transition bracket 2 , a lateral displacement sensor, and a longitudinal displacement sensor installed on the pin body 52 .
  • the label I in Fig. 6 represents the vertical height sensor, each bogie assembly is provided with two vertical height sensors, one car body is correspondingly provided with four vertical height sensors, and each transition bracket 2 is respectively equipped with a vertical height sensor .
  • the symbol II in Fig. 6 represents a lateral displacement sensor, each transition bracket 2 is installed with a lateral displacement sensor, each bogie assembly is provided with two lateral displacement sensors, and one car body is correspondingly provided with four lateral displacement sensors.
  • the angle sensor includes a gyroscope installed on the car body, and III in Fig. 1 represents the gyroscope, which is located at the center of the bottom plate of the car body.
  • the acceleration sensor includes a vertical acceleration sensor installed on the outer periphery of the vehicle body.
  • IV in Fig. 1 represents the acceleration sensor, and the four acceleration sensors are respectively located at the four top corners of the bottom plate of the vehicle body.
  • the vehicle body attitude adjustment system of the present invention can adopt the above-mentioned vehicle body attitude adjustment method for adjustment and control, and can achieve the same technical effect.
  • an auxiliary vertical shock absorber 6 is provided between the frame 1 and the transition support 2, the auxiliary vertical shock absorber 6 is a hydraulic shock absorber, and the damping actuator can actively buffer and attenuate the vibration caused by the monorail beam surface. If the shock and vibration caused by unevenness and transmitted to the chassis by the running tires and horizontal tires, if the damping actuator fails, the auxiliary vertical shock absorber 6 can bear the role of supporting the vehicle body.
  • the inner wall of the pin seat 51 is configured to define a transverse stop 54 and a longitudinal stop 55 of the pin body 52 , the transverse stop 54 is used to block the maximum displacement of the lateral movement of the limiting pin body 52 , and the longitudinal stop 55 is used to block the maximum displacement of the longitudinal movement of the limit pin body 52 .
  • the upper surface of the frame 1 is provided with a vertical stopper 13 for limiting the vertical lowest position of the vehicle body, to protect the frame body from being knocked down by the bottom frame when the vertical damping actuator is paralyzed and damaged.
  • the transverse stopper 54, the longitudinal stopper 55, and the vertical stopper 13 are all configured as raised pad structures.

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Abstract

一种车体姿态调节方法及车体姿态调节系统,分别得到车体的位移检测值、车体的角度检测值、车体的加速度检测值,控制模块根据位移检测值计算车体的位移转化补偿量,根据角度检测值计算车体的角度转化补偿量,根据加速度检测值计算车体的加速度转化补偿量;控制模块根据位移转化补偿量、角度转化补偿量、加速度转化补偿量进行车体姿态调节判断,并输出解耦与分配,确定车体的实际整体补偿量,整个车辆所要进行的补偿需要转化为整个具体的作动器的补偿运动,控制模块根据实际整体补偿量,控制垂向阻尼作动器、横向阻尼作动器和纵向阻尼作动器输出补偿运动,分别从垂向、横向、纵向上对车辆进行补偿控制,提升通过曲线路段的舒适性。

Description

一种车体姿态调节方法及车体姿态调节系统
本申请要求于2021年9月2日提交中国专利局、申请号为202111026515.5、发明名称为“一种车体姿态调节方法及车体姿态调节系统”的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及轨道车辆技术领域,更进一步涉及一种车体姿态调节方法及车体姿态调节系统。
背景技术
跨座式单轨为单轨的一种,跨座式单轨通过单根轨道支持、稳定和导向,车体采用橡胶轮胎骑在轨道梁上运行的轨道交通制式。随着跨座式单轨车辆行业的发展与进步,用户对于车辆的舒适性要求也越来越高。
在跨座式单轨车辆线路曲线段中,为了平衡曲线轨道梁面上车辆的离心力,轨道梁走行轮行驶面设置了一定的超高。否则,乘客会由离心力的作用而向外倾斜产生疲劳感与不舒适感,因此在曲线轨道上设置一定的超高,国内项目涉及的超高率一般为10%~12%。而无论车辆通过超高曲线段的行驶速度是多少,车体地板相对于人的重心线无法保持垂直,导致乘坐舒适性较差。其次,车辆的不同载重量、坡道坡度、启动加速度、制动减速度以及车钩冲击力这些因素都影响车辆的纵向动力学性能。
现有的跨座式单轨车辆利用空气弹簧进行调节,通过控制高度调节阀以调整空气弹簧的压缩空气气压来使车辆地板面基本保持水平,直接改善了车身平稳性。但是,该半主动悬挂主要承受垂直载荷,须靠其他导向结构承受横向载荷、纵向载荷以及导向力矩,对超高曲线段的车体运行平稳性的改善效果不佳。
对于本领域的技术人员来说,如何进一步提升单轨车辆通过曲线的舒适度,是目前需要解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本发明提供一种车体姿态调节方法,由传感器的检测值确定车体的实 际整体补偿量,并控制各个作动器做出相应的动作,以提升通过曲线路段的舒适性,具体方案如下:
一种车体姿态调节方法,包括:
获取位移传感器的数据,得到车体的位移检测值;获取角度传感器的数据,得到车体的角度检测值;获取加速度传感器的数据,得到车体的加速度检测值;
控制模块根据所述位移检测值计算车体的位移转化补偿量;根据所述角度检测值计算车体的角度转化补偿量;根据所述加速度检测值计算车体的加速度转化补偿量;
控制模块根据所述位移转化补偿量、所述角度转化补偿量、所述加速度转化补偿量进行车体姿态调节判断,并输出解耦与分配,确定车体的实际整体补偿量;
控制模块根据所述实际整体补偿量,控制垂向阻尼作动器、横向阻尼作动器和纵向阻尼作动器输出补偿运动。
可选地,所述位移转化补偿量包括:
前后两个转向架对应的车体系统位移分别为:
X 1=Z b1+asinθ≈Z b1+aθ
X 2=Z b2-asinθ≈Z b2-aθ
其中:
X 1、X 2分别为车体系统的质心位移;
θ为俯仰角度;
Z b1和Z b2为转向架总成的垂向位移;
a为阻尼作动器作用线与车体质心的横向距离。
可选地,所述角度转化补偿量包括:
左右两侧的所述垂向阻尼作动器的垂向补偿量分别为:
Figure PCTCN2022105364-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2022105364-appb-000002
其中:
B为垂向阻尼作动器的横向间距;
Figure PCTCN2022105364-appb-000003
为侧倾角度;δ为变量评判值;sgn 为整形变量函数;
所述横向阻尼作动器横向补偿量为:
Figure PCTCN2022105364-appb-000004
其中:
M s为车体质量;V为车速;R为曲线半径;
Figure PCTCN2022105364-appb-000005
为基于舒适性的侧倾补偿角、
Figure PCTCN2022105364-appb-000006
为基于安全性的侧倾补偿角。
可选地,所述加速度转化补偿量包括:
所述垂向阻尼作动器的垂向力为:
F=K S(H b-Z b)+C S(H b′-Z b′)
其中:
Z b为阻尼作动器所受激励;H b为底架枕梁上方测试振动信号;K s为阻尼作动器的垂向刚度;C s为垂向阻尼值。
可选地,分别根据浮沉运动、点头运动、侧滚运动对所述垂向阻尼作动器的贡献,以及横摆运动、摇头运动对所述横向阻尼作动器的贡献,分别确定相应补偿量:
F 1=K S(∫∫ Da 11-∫∫ Da 1)+C S(∫∫ Da 11′-∫∫ Da 1′)
F 2=K S(∫∫ Da 22-∫∫ Da 2)+C S(∫∫ Da 22′-∫∫ Da 2′)
F 3=K S(∫∫ Da 33-∫∫ Da 3)+C S(∫∫ Da 33′-∫∫ Da 3′)
F 4=K S(∫∫ Da 44-∫∫ Da 4)+C S(∫∫ Da 44′-∫∫ Da 4′)
F 5=K S(∫∫ Da 55-∫∫ Da 5)+C S(∫∫ Da 55′-∫∫ Da 5′)
其中:
F 1为浮沉运动对阻尼作动器的垂向力贡献、F 2为点头运动对阻尼作动器垂向力贡献、F 3为侧滚运动对阻尼作动器的垂向力贡献,F 4为横摆运动对阻尼作动器的横向力贡献、F 5为摇头运动对阻尼作动器的横向力贡献;
K s为阻尼作动器的垂向刚度;C s为垂向阻尼值;
a 1为车体浮沉加速度,a 2为点头测点边缘加速度,a 3为侧滚测点边缘 加速度,a 4为横摆加速度,a 5为摇头测点边缘加速度;
a 11为转向架构架的浮沉加速度,a 22为点头测点边缘加速度,a 33为侧滚测点边缘加速度,a 44为横摆加速度,a 55为摇头测点边缘加速度。
可选地,限定车辆通过曲线的最高速率和最低速率:
Figure PCTCN2022105364-appb-000007
其中:
V为车辆速度;R为单轨梁的曲线半径;α为单轨梁超高率;α e为单轨梁临界超高率。
本发明还提供一种车体姿态调节系统,包括转向架总成、控制模块、位移传感器、角度传感器、加速度传感器;
所述转向架总成包括构架、过渡支架、垂向阻尼作动器、横向阻尼作动器和中央牵引装置;所述构架设有行走轮、水平轮,所述构架的横向两侧分别设置一组所述过渡支架,所述过渡支架连接固定于车体;
所述构架和所述过渡支架之间设置所述垂向阻尼作动器和所述横向阻尼作动器;
所述构架的上部安装所述中央牵引装置,所述中央牵引装置包括固定于所述构架的销座和安装于所述销座内的销体,所述销体的顶端固定于车体底部,所述销座和所述销体之间沿纵向设置纵向阻尼作动器;
所述位移传感器包括安装于所述过渡支架的垂向高度传感器、横向位移传感器、安装于所述销体的纵向位移传感器;
所述角度传感器包括车体安装的陀螺仪;
所述加速度传感器包括车体外周安装的垂向加速度传感器。
可选地,所述构架和所述过渡支架之间设置辅助垂向减振器。
可选地,所述销座的内壁设置用于限定所述销体的横向止挡和纵向止挡。
可选地,所述构架的上表面设置用于限定车体垂向最低位置的垂向止挡。
本发明提供一种车体姿态调节方法及车体姿态调节系统,利用设置的若干个传感器进行检测,分别得到车体的位移检测值、车体的角度检测值、 车体的加速度检测值,以此得知车体真实的运动状态;控制模块根据位移检测值计算车体的位移转化补偿量,根据角度检测值计算车体的角度转化补偿量,根据加速度检测值计算车体的加速度转化补偿量;控制模块根据位移转化补偿量、角度转化补偿量、加速度转化补偿量进行车体姿态调节判断,并输出解耦与分配,确定车体的实际整体补偿量,也即对上述的各个补偿量进行分析和比较,最终确定实际所要实现的补偿,整个车辆所要进行的补偿需要转化为整个具体的作动器的补偿运动,控制模块根据实际整体补偿量,控制垂向阻尼作动器、横向阻尼作动器和纵向阻尼作动器输出补偿运动,分别从垂向、横向、纵向上对车辆进行补偿控制,以使车辆在通过曲线路段时具有更好的舒适性。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为车辆在单轨上的示意图;
图2为本发明的车体姿态调节方法的逻辑框图;
图3为本发明的车体姿态调节方法的响应逻辑框图;
图4为车辆简化力学模型;
图5为中央牵引装置的力学简化模型;
图6和图7分别为转向架总成与单轨相配合的两个不同角度的示意图;
图8为中央牵引装置的整体结构示意图;
图9为中央牵引装置的内部结构示意图。
图中包括:
构架1、行走轮11、水平轮12、垂向止挡13、过渡支架2、垂向阻尼作动器3、横向阻尼作动器4、中央牵引装置5、销座51、销体52、纵向阻尼作动器53、横向止挡54、纵向止挡55、辅助垂向减振器6;Ⅰ表示垂向高度传感器、Ⅱ表示横向位移传感器;Ⅲ表示陀螺仪;Ⅳ表示加速度传 感器。
具体实施方式
本发明的核心在于提供一种车体姿态调节方法,由传感器的检测值确定车体的实际整体补偿量,并控制各个作动器做出相应的动作,以提升通过曲线路段的舒适性。
为了使本领域的技术人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案,下面将结合附图及具体的实施方式,对本发明的车体姿态调节方法及车体姿态调节系统进行详细的介绍说明。
本发明提供一种车体姿态调节方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、获取位移传感器的数据,得到车体的位移检测值;获取角度传感器的数据,得到车体的角度检测值;获取加速度传感器的数据,得到车体的加速度检测值。在车体以及转向架总成的相应位置分别设置传感器,能够检测得到车辆行进过程中的各项数据,包括位移检测值、角度检测值、加速度检测值,分别表示车体位移偏移、角度偏转、加速度值,位移偏移过大、角度偏转过大、加速度过大均会影响乘坐体验,影响车辆的舒适性。
S2、控制模块根据位移检测值计算车体的位移转化补偿量;根据角度检测值计算车体的角度转化补偿量;根据加速度检测值计算车体的加速度转化补偿量。控制模块用于获取数据、计算和输出控制等功能,由上述的位移检测值、角度检测值、加速度检测值分别得到针对性的补偿量,针对位移检测值得到位移转化补偿量,针对角度检测值得到角度转化补偿量,针对加速度检测值得到加速度转化补偿量。
S3、控制模块根据位移转化补偿量、角度转化补偿量、加速度转化补偿量进行车体姿态调节判断,并输出解耦与分配,确定车体的实际整体补偿量。由于上述步骤S2中得到的三个补偿量分别为位移转化补偿量、角度转化补偿量、加速度转化补偿量,这三个补偿量之间可能存在差异,通常情况下不会完全相等,此时就需要对这三个补偿量进行处理,进行车体姿态调节判断,并输出解耦与分配,确定车体的实际整体补偿量,最终输出的实际整体补偿量可能是位移转化补偿量、角度转化补偿量、加速度转化 补偿量三者当中的其中一个,也可能是三者之间的某一中间值。车体姿态调节控制进行的输出解耦与分配可参考使用自适应控制、鲁棒控制及神经网络等智能控制方法。
S4、控制模块根据实际整体补偿量,控制垂向阻尼作动器3、横向阻尼作动器4和纵向阻尼作动器53输出补偿运动。垂向阻尼作动器3、横向阻尼作动器4和纵向阻尼作动器53能够伸缩改变长度,对车体进行调节,垂向阻尼作动器3用于补偿调节车体的垂向,横向阻尼作动器4补偿调节车体的横向,纵向阻尼作动器53用于补偿调节车体的纵向。垂向阻尼作动器3、横向阻尼作动器4和纵向阻尼作动器53分别设置多个,采用磁流变阻尼作动器,通过控制电流的大小改变其长度和支撑的刚度。磁流变阻尼作动器的作用力与位移伸缩量相关,伸长量越大其支撑力越强,因此调节磁流变阻尼作动器既可以用位移表示,也可以用作用力表示。
利用采集得到的加速度模拟量数据建立车辆状态非线性力控制模型,根据各个位置的加速度传感器反馈量,计算出各个阻尼作动器的所需阻尼力。根据计算的电流输入改变线圈永磁体和移动永磁体之间作用力的大小及磁流变液的粘度特性,从而调节每个阻尼器的刚度与阻尼。作动器电磁力与电流基本成比例,故可通过控制相电流来控制电磁力,以达到最佳的减振效果。
其中,F=C 1I 2+C 2I+d,C 1、C 2为阻尼作动器的系数,I为作动器的电流。
建立车辆状态非线性位移控制模型,根据位移传感器的反馈量,获取车体姿态,计算出各个阻尼作动器的所需位移量,从而补偿转向架与车体底架之间的相对位移量。
结合图1所示,为车辆在单轨上的示意图,其中Z向表示垂向,Y向表示横向,X向表示纵向,车辆沿X向行进。图2为本发明的车体姿态调节方法的逻辑框图,图3为本发明的车体姿态调节方法的响应逻辑框图。
本发明的车体姿态调节方法得到车体的实时状态,得到位移、角度、加速度的相应检测值,以此为基础进行计算,分别得到针对位移、角度、加速度三个具体的补偿值,这三个补偿值可能出现不一致而无法直接应用,因此在这三个补偿值的基础上进一步综合判断,最终输出实际整体补偿量, 控制垂向阻尼作动器3、横向阻尼作动器4和纵向阻尼作动器53输出补偿运动,在垂向、横向和纵向上分别输出补偿,以提升车辆在通过曲线路段的平稳性,提升乘客的乘坐体验。
在上述方案的基础上,本发明分别对位移、角度、加速度的补偿量计算方法做进一步的说明:
图4为车辆简化力学模型。
(1)针对位移,本发明的位移转化补偿量包括:
前后两个转向架对应的车体系统位移分别为:
X 1=Z b1+asinθ≈Z b1+aθ
X 2=Z b2-asinθ≈Z b2-aθ
其中:
X 1、X 2分别为车体系统的质心位移;车体系统的质量为簧上质量。
θ为俯仰角度;
Z b1和Z b2为转向架总成的垂向位移;
a为阻尼作动器作用线与车体质心的横向距离。
上述公式的具体分析步骤如下:
作动器的所需补偿量具体值根据位移传感器实时反馈进行确定。
根据简化的车辆垂向运动微分方程
m sZ s1″+d 1(Z S1′-Z b1′-aθ′)+K s(Z S1-Z b1-aθ)+K t1(Z b1-q 1)+d t1(Z b1′-q 1′)+F 1=0
m sZ s2″+d 2(Z S2′-Z b2′+bθ′)+K s(Z S2-Z b2+bθ)+K t2(Z b2-q 2)+d t2(Z b2′-q 2′)+F 2=0
Jθ″-aW 1+bW 2=0
其中,W 1=d 1(Z S1′-Z b1′-aθ′)+K s(Z S1-Z b1-aθ)+F 1
W 2=d 2(Z S2′-Z b2′+bθ′)+K s(Z S2-Z b2+bθ)+F 2
式中:Z s1和Z s2表示车体质心的垂向位移,θ表示车体的横摆角位移;Z b1和Z b2表示转向架总成的垂向位移;F 1和F 2表示阻尼作动器的主动控制力;q 1和q 2表示路面不平度;m s表示车体总成质量,J表示车体的惯性矩;m b1和m b2表示转向架的一半质量;k s1和k s2表示左右二系减振悬挂的刚度; d s1和d s2表示左右二系减振悬挂的垂向阻尼系数;k t1和k t2表示走行轮的垂向刚度;d t1和d t2表示走行轮的垂向阻尼系数,a和b表示阻尼作动器作用线与车体质心的横向距离。
车辆行驶过程中,前后转向架对应的车体系统位移可以利用质心位移X与俯仰角度θ表示为:
X 1=Z b1+asinθ≈Z b1+aθ
X 2=Z b2-asinθ≈Z b2-aθ
同理,车辆的横向运动方程与垂向运动方程保持一致,在此不作细述。
(2)针对角度,本发明的角度转化补偿量包括:
左右两侧的垂向阻尼作动器3的垂向补偿量分别为:
Figure PCTCN2022105364-appb-000008
Figure PCTCN2022105364-appb-000009
其中:
B为垂向阻尼作动器的横向间距;
Figure PCTCN2022105364-appb-000010
为侧倾角度;δ为变量评判值,取+1或-1;sgn为整形变量函数。
横向阻尼作动器4横向补偿量为:
Figure PCTCN2022105364-appb-000011
其中:
M s为车体质量;V为车速;R为曲线半径;
Figure PCTCN2022105364-appb-000012
为基于舒适性的侧倾补偿角、
Figure PCTCN2022105364-appb-000013
为基于安全性的侧倾补偿角。
上述公式的具体分析步骤如下:
作动器的所需补偿量具体值可根据角度传感器实时反馈进行确定,以求达到最佳的车辆舒适性与安全性。在车辆通过超高曲线段时,须给车体施加一个补偿侧倾角,从而使质心产生偏移,进而来平衡车辆上乘客与车体受到的侧倾力与侧倾力矩。
离心力产生的侧倾力矩
Figure PCTCN2022105364-appb-000014
质心偏移引起的侧倾力矩
Figure PCTCN2022105364-appb-000015
簧下质量部分引起的侧倾力矩
M L3=F L3(h 2-h 3)
车体的侧倾力矩
Figure PCTCN2022105364-appb-000016
为了保证车体姿态平整性与曲线通过安全性,通过阻尼作动器使得质心偏移,其产生的抗侧倾力矩抑制曲线通过离心力产生的倾覆力矩。
其中,舒适性的原则为侧向力越小越好,基于舒适性的侧倾补偿角为
Figure PCTCN2022105364-appb-000017
Figure PCTCN2022105364-appb-000018
安全性的原则为侧向力矩越小越好,基于安全性的侧倾补偿角为
Figure PCTCN2022105364-appb-000019
Figure PCTCN2022105364-appb-000020
首先,根据安全性计算的侧倾补偿角,分配垂向阻尼作动器的调节补偿量。其次,根据舒适性计算的侧倾补偿角减去安全性侧倾补偿角的差值,分配横向阻尼作动器的调节补偿量。使得抗侧倾力与抗侧倾力矩都达到最优值。
左右垂向阻尼作动器位移调整量如下所述:
Figure PCTCN2022105364-appb-000021
Figure PCTCN2022105364-appb-000022
横向阻尼作动器横向力调整量如下所述:
Figure PCTCN2022105364-appb-000023
(3)针对加速度,加速度转化补偿量包括:
垂向阻尼作动器3的垂向力为:
F=K S(H b-Z b)+C S(H b′-Z b′)
其中:
Z b为阻尼作动器所受激励;H b为底架枕梁上方测试振动信号;K s为阻尼作动器的垂向刚度;C s为垂向阻尼值。
更进一步,分别根据浮沉运动、点头运动、侧滚运动对垂向阻尼作动器3的贡献,以及横摆运动、摇头运动对横向阻尼作动器4的贡献,分别确定相应补偿量:
F 1=K S(∫∫ Da 11-∫∫ Da 1)+C S(∫∫ Da 11′-∫∫ Da 1′)
F 2=K S(∫∫ Da 22-∫∫ Da 2)+C S(∫∫ Da 22′-∫∫ Da 2′)
F 3=K S(∫∫ Da 33-∫∫ Da 3)+C S(∫∫ Da 33′-∫∫ Da 3′)
F 4=K S(∫∫ Da 44-∫∫ Da 4)+C S(∫∫ Da 44′-∫∫ Da 4′)
F 5=K S(∫∫ Da 55-∫∫ Da 5)+C S(∫∫ Da 55′-∫∫ Da 5′)
其中:
F 1为浮沉运动对阻尼作动器的垂向力贡献、F 2为点头运动对阻尼作动器垂向力贡献、F 3为侧滚运动对阻尼作动器的垂向力贡献,F 4为横摆运动对阻尼作动器的横向力贡献、F 5为摇头运动对阻尼作动器的横向力贡献;
K s为阻尼作动器的垂向刚度;C s为垂向阻尼值。
a 1为车体浮沉加速度,a 2为点头测点边缘加速度,a 3为侧滚测点边缘加速度,a 4为横摆加速度,a 5为摇头测点边缘加速度,a 6为伸缩加速度;
a 11为转向架构架的浮沉加速度,a 22为点头测点边缘加速度,a 33为侧滚测点边缘加速度,a 44为横摆加速度,a 55为摇头测点边缘加速度,a 66为 伸缩加速度。以上涉及的加速度均可实测得到,不需要分解。
上述针对加速度的具体分析步骤如下:
根据车体上的各个加速度传感器的实时反馈值分配各阻尼作动器的载荷值。铁路大量试验和实践证明,未被平衡的离心加速度a:当a<0.04g时,乘客无明显感觉;当a=0.05g时,乘客能觉察未被平衡的离心加速度,但无不舒服的感觉;当a=0.077g时,乘客能够承受这种未被平衡的离心加速度;当a=0.1g时,一般乘客能承受不频繁的这种未被平衡的离心加速度。
因此,需要通过阻尼作动器的补偿量以平衡未被平衡的加速度或者载荷。其次,根据加速度的测量数据确定需要分配作用在阻尼作动器上的垂向力,则需要将车辆的复杂模态进行解耦,分解出各个自由度下的车体振动加速度信号。跨座式单轨车辆有六个自由度运动形式,包括伸缩运动、横摆运动、沉浮运动、侧滚运动、点头运动和摇头运动。其中,车体浮沉加速度为a 1,点头测点边缘加速度为a 2,侧滚测点边缘加速度为a 3,横摆加速度为a 4,摇头测点边缘加速度为a 5,伸缩加速度为a 6。分析车体运动姿态,列出三个各个自由度下的关系方程
a 1+a 2-a 3=a c1
a 1+a 2+a 3=a c2
a 1-a 2-a 3=a c3
a 4+a 5=a d1
a 4-a 5=a d2
求解上式可得:
Figure PCTCN2022105364-appb-000024
上述式子中,a c1、a c2、a c3、a d1、a d2为实测加速度信号。通过上述过程可以求解出多自由度振动系统中各自由度振动加速度,实现将多自由度转换为单自由度,然后建立空气弹簧线性模型,根据耦合类型,计算作用在车体上的垂向力。同理,转向架构架的浮沉加速度为a 11,点头测点边缘 加速度为a 22,侧滚测点边缘加速度为a 33,横摆加速度为a 44,摇头测点边缘加速度为a 55,伸缩加速度为a 66。转向架构架的关系方程式不再叙述,与车体的方程类同。
结合阻尼作动器本身所承受力的传递属性,得出阻尼作动器的垂向力公式:
K S(H b-Z b)+C S(H b′-Z b′)=F
在式中,Z b为阻尼器所受激励,H b为底架枕梁上方测试振动信号。根据实测数据加速度信号,分别进行二次积分,就可得到具体数值。
F 1=K S(∫∫ Da 11-∫∫ Da 1)+C S(∫∫ Da 11′-∫∫ Da 1′)
F 2=K S(∫∫ Da 22-∫∫ Da 2)+C S(∫∫ Da 22′-∫∫ Da 2′)
F 3=K S(∫∫ Da 33-∫∫ Da 3)+C S(∫∫ Da 33′-∫∫ Da 3′)
F 4=K S(∫∫ Da 44-∫∫ Da 4)+C S(∫∫ Da 44′-∫∫ Da 4′)
F 5=K S(∫∫ Da 55-∫∫ Da 5)+C S(∫∫ Da 55′-∫∫ Da 5′)
式中,F 1为浮沉运动对阻尼作动器的垂向力贡献、F 2为点头运动对阻尼作动器垂向力贡献、F 3为侧滚运动对阻尼作动器的垂向力贡献,F 4为横摆运动对阻尼作动器的横向力贡献、F 5为摇头运动对阻尼作动器的横向力贡献。根据解耦得到的横向力与垂向力,确定阻尼作动器的补偿量。
在上述任一技术方案及其相互组合的基础上,本发明通过以下的公式限定车辆通过曲线的最高速率和最低速率:
Figure PCTCN2022105364-appb-000025
其中:
V为车辆速度;R为单轨梁的曲线半径;α为单轨梁超高率;α e为单轨梁临界超高率。
在车辆通过曲线路段时,车速需要保持在最高速率和最低速率之间。
上述公式的具体分析步骤如下:
车辆在高速运行过程中,车轮在振动过程上下运动,轮对间的轮重会发生增减变化,轮重减小一侧即使横向力很小,甚至没有,也有可能与车 轮发生横向相对位移而发生脱轨。
轮重减载率定义为△P/P,式中△P为减载侧车轮的轮重减载量,P为减载和增载侧车轮的平均静轮重。
轮重减载率是评价列车运营安全的重要指标,采用脱轨系数和轮重减载率两个指标判断脱轨风险。
在实现车体姿态调平之前,预先确定最大超高率下的水平轮的所需预紧力和车辆曲线通过的限制速度,根据轮重减载率判定现结构的平稳性与设计合理性。
水平轮的预紧力为:
F pre=|u-vh|K stα e
其中,u为转向架构架的横移系数,v为转向架构架的侧滚系数,临界单轨梁超高率α e,Kst为水平轮的径向刚度,h为水平轮与构架质心的垂向距离。
轮重减载率第一限度为ΔP/P≤0.65,是评定车辆运行安全的合格标准;第二限度为ΔP/P≤0.60,是增大了安全裕量的标准。
Figure PCTCN2022105364-appb-000026
其中,P1和P2分别为同一走行部的增载侧和减载侧的走行轮胎垂向力(kN)。根据走行轮胎的增减载荷比值初步判定车辆的平稳性。
Figure PCTCN2022105364-appb-000027
其中,
Figure PCTCN2022105364-appb-000028
则车辆能保持良好的抗倾覆状态。
由于车辆可能存在欠超高与过超高通过曲线两种状态,应对车辆通过曲线的最高速率和最低速率进行限制。
Figure PCTCN2022105364-appb-000029
其中,车辆的横向未平衡加速度a,单轨梁的曲线半径R、车辆速度V,单轨梁超高率α。
本发明还提供一种车体姿态调节系统,包括转向架总成、控制模块、位移传感器、角度传感器、加速度传感器等结构。
车体的底部一前一后安装两个转向架总成,转向架总成包括构架1、过渡支架2、垂向阻尼作动器3、横向阻尼作动器4和中央牵引装置5。
图5为中央牵引装置5的力学简化模型,结合图6和图7所示,分别为转向架总成与单轨相配合的两个不同角度的示意图,图中A表示单轨。
构架1为承载结构,为转向架总成的主体结构,其上安装其他多个部分,构架1设有行走轮11、水平轮12,构架1上至少安装两个行走轮11,行走轮11由构架1上安装的电机驱动,行走轮11位于单轨的上表面,电机驱动行走轮11转动,使车辆沿双箭头所示的方向沿单轨运动。水平轮12设有多个,分别卡在单轨的两侧,行走轮11通常为从动轮,在车辆行走时同步转动,对车辆进行限位,防止左右倾倒。
构架1的横向两侧分别设置一组过渡支架2,过渡支架2连接固定于车体,对车体提供支撑。构架1和过渡支架2之间设置垂向阻尼作动器3和横向阻尼作动器4,垂向阻尼作动器3用于垂向伸缩调节,横向阻尼作动器4用于横向伸缩调节。过渡支架2与各个阻尼作动器的连接位置之间设置橡胶垫。
构架1的上部安装中央牵引装置5,结合图8所示,为中央牵引装置5的整体结构示意图,图9为中央牵引装置5的内部结构示意图。中央牵引装置5包括固定于构架1的销座51和安装于销座51内的销体52,销座51和销体52之间设置橡胶套用于缓冲。销体52的顶端设置法兰盘,销体52的顶端固定于车体底部,销座51和销体52之间沿纵向设置纵向阻尼作动器53,阻尼作动器53为磁流变阻尼作动器,用于纵向伸缩调节。
位移传感器包括安装于过渡支架2的垂向高度传感器、横向位移传感器、安装于销体52的纵向位移传感器。图6中的标号Ⅰ表示垂向高度传感器,每个转向架总成设置两个垂向高度传感器,一个车体对应设置四个垂向高度传感器,每个过渡支架2分别安装一个垂向高度传感器。图6中的标号Ⅱ表示横向位移传感器,每个过渡支架2分别安装一个横向位移传感 器,每个转向架总成设置两个横向位移传感器,一个车体对应设置四个横向位移传感器。
角度传感器包括车体安装的陀螺仪,图1中的Ⅲ表示陀螺仪,位于车体的底板中心位置。
加速度传感器包括车体外周安装的垂向加速度传感器,图1中的Ⅳ表示加速度传感器,四个加速度传感器分别位于车体的底板四个顶角处。
车辆自身的其他部分结构请参考现有技术,本发明在此不再赘述。本发明的车体姿态调节系统可以采用上述的车体姿态调节方法进行调节控制,可以实现相同的技术效果。
更进一步,本发明在构架1和过渡支架2之间设置辅助垂向减振器6,辅助垂向减振器6为液压减震器,通过阻尼作动器可主动缓冲和衰减由单轨梁面不平引起的、并由走行轮胎与水平轮胎传导至底架的冲击和振动,若阻尼作动器出现故障,辅助垂向减振器6可承担支撑车体的作用。
结合图9所示,销座51的内壁设置用于限定销体52的横向止挡54和纵向止挡55,横向止挡54用于阻挡限位销体52的横向运动最大位移,纵向止挡55用于阻挡限位销体52的纵向运动最大位移。
构架1的上表面设置用于限定车体垂向最低位置的垂向止挡13,保护垂向阻尼作动器出现瘫痪破坏时,底架下倾磕碰损伤构架本体。
横向止挡54、纵向止挡55、垂向止挡13均设置为凸起的垫块结构。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明,使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的,本文中所定义的一般原理,可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下,在其它实施例中实现。因此,本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例,而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种车体姿态调节方法,其特征在于,包括:
    获取位移传感器的数据,得到车体的位移检测值;获取角度传感器的数据,得到车体的角度检测值;获取加速度传感器的数据,得到车体的加速度检测值;
    控制模块根据所述位移检测值计算车体的位移转化补偿量;根据所述角度检测值计算车体的角度转化补偿量;根据所述加速度检测值计算车体的加速度转化补偿量;
    控制模块根据所述位移转化补偿量、所述角度转化补偿量、所述加速度转化补偿量进行车体姿态调节判断,并输出解耦与分配,确定车体的实际整体补偿量;
    控制模块根据所述实际整体补偿量,控制垂向阻尼作动器(3)、横向阻尼作动器(4)和纵向阻尼作动器(53)输出补偿运动。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的车体姿态调节方法,其特征在于,所述位移转化补偿量包括:
    前后两个转向架对应的车体系统位移分别为:
    X 1=Z b1+asinθ≈Z b1+aθ
    X 2=Z b2-asinθ≈Z b2-aθ
    其中:
    X 1、X 2分别为车体系统的质心位移;
    θ为俯仰角度;
    Z b1和Z b2为转向架总成的垂向位移;
    a为阻尼作动器作用线与车体质心的横向距离。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的车体姿态调节方法,其特征在于,所述角度转化补偿量包括:
    左右两侧的所述垂向阻尼作动器(3)的垂向补偿量分别为:
    Figure PCTCN2022105364-appb-100001
    Figure PCTCN2022105364-appb-100002
    其中:
    B为垂向阻尼作动器的横向间距;
    Figure PCTCN2022105364-appb-100003
    为侧倾角度;δ为变量评判值;sgn为整形变量函数;
    所述横向阻尼作动器(4)横向补偿量为:
    Figure PCTCN2022105364-appb-100004
    其中:
    M s为车体质量;V为车速;R为曲线半径;
    Figure PCTCN2022105364-appb-100005
    为基于舒适性的侧倾补偿角、
    Figure PCTCN2022105364-appb-100006
    为基于安全性的侧倾补偿角。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的车体姿态调节方法,其特征在于,所述加速度转化补偿量包括:
    所述垂向阻尼作动器(3)的垂向力为:
    F=K S(H b-Z b)+C S(H b′-Z b′)
    其中:
    Z b为阻尼作动器所受激励;H b为底架枕梁上方测试振动信号;K s为阻尼作动器的垂向刚度;C s为垂向阻尼值。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的车体姿态调节方法,其特征在于,分别根据浮沉运动、点头运动、侧滚运动对所述垂向阻尼作动器(3)的贡献,以及横摆运动、摇头运动对所述横向阻尼作动器(4)的贡献,分别确定相应补偿量:
    F 1=K S(∫∫ Da 11-∫∫ Da 1)+C S(∫∫ Da 11′-∫∫ Da 1′)
    F 2=K S(∫∫ Da 22-∫∫ Da 2)+C S(∫∫ Da 22′-∫∫ Da 2′)
    F 3=K S(∫∫ Da 33-∫∫ Da 3)+C S(∫∫ Da 33′-∫∫ Da 3′)
    F 4=K S(∫∫ Da 44-∫∫ Da 4)+C S(∫∫ Da 44′-∫∫ Da 4′)
    F 5=K S(∫∫ Da 55-∫∫ Da 5)+C S(∫∫ Da 55′-∫∫ Da 5′)
    其中:
    F 1为浮沉运动对阻尼作动器的垂向力贡献、F 2为点头运动对阻尼作动器垂向力贡献、F 3为侧滚运动对阻尼作动器的垂向力贡献,F 4为横摆运动 对阻尼作动器的横向力贡献、F 5为摇头运动对阻尼作动器的横向力贡献;
    K s为阻尼作动器的垂向刚度;C s为垂向阻尼值;
    a 1为车体浮沉加速度,a 2为点头测点边缘加速度,a 3为侧滚测点边缘加速度,a 4为横摆加速度,a 5为摇头测点边缘加速度;
    a 11为转向架构架的浮沉加速度,a 22为点头测点边缘加速度,a 33为侧滚测点边缘加速度,a 44为横摆加速度,a 55为摇头测点边缘加速度。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5任一项所述的车体姿态调节方法,其特征在于,限定车辆通过曲线的最高速率和最低速率:
    Figure PCTCN2022105364-appb-100007
    其中:
    V为车辆速度;R为单轨梁的曲线半径;α为单轨梁超高率;α e为单轨梁临界超高率。
  7. 一种车体姿态调节系统,其特征在于,包括转向架总成、控制模块、位移传感器、角度传感器、加速度传感器;
    所述转向架总成包括构架(1)、过渡支架(2)、垂向阻尼作动器(3)、横向阻尼作动器(4)和中央牵引装置(5);所述构架(1)设有行走轮(11)、水平轮(12),所述构架(1)的横向两侧分别设置一组所述过渡支架(2),所述过渡支架(2)连接固定于车体;
    所述构架(1)和所述过渡支架(2)之间设置所述垂向阻尼作动器(3)和所述横向阻尼作动器(4);
    所述构架(1)的上部安装所述中央牵引装置(5),所述中央牵引装置(5)包括固定于所述构架(1)的销座(51)和安装于所述销座(51)内的销体(52),所述销体(52)的顶端固定于车体底部,所述销座(51)和所述销体(52)之间沿纵向设置纵向阻尼作动器(53);
    所述位移传感器包括安装于所述过渡支架(2)的垂向高度传感器、横向位移传感器、安装于所述销体(52)的纵向位移传感器;
    所述角度传感器包括车体安装的陀螺仪;
    所述加速度传感器包括车体外周安装的垂向加速度传感器。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的车体姿态调节系统,其特征在于,所述构架(1)和所述过渡支架(2)之间设置辅助垂向减振器(6)。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的车体姿态调节系统,其特征在于,所述销座(51)的内壁设置用于限定所述销体(52)的横向止挡(54)和纵向止挡(55)。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的车体姿态调节系统,其特征在于,所述构架(1)的上表面设置用于限定车体垂向最低位置的垂向止挡(13)。
PCT/CN2022/105364 2021-09-02 2022-07-13 一种车体姿态调节方法及车体姿态调节系统 WO2023029762A1 (zh)

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