WO2023029673A1 - 一种高挡土墙防淤堵的排水结构及其施工方法 - Google Patents

一种高挡土墙防淤堵的排水结构及其施工方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023029673A1
WO2023029673A1 PCT/CN2022/099655 CN2022099655W WO2023029673A1 WO 2023029673 A1 WO2023029673 A1 WO 2023029673A1 CN 2022099655 W CN2022099655 W CN 2022099655W WO 2023029673 A1 WO2023029673 A1 WO 2023029673A1
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Prior art keywords
retaining wall
high retaining
drainage
drainage structure
wall
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PCT/CN2022/099655
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘顺青
周爱兆
王丽艳
徐浩青
王玉英
侯贺营
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江苏科技大学
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Publication of WO2023029673A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023029673A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • E02D3/02—Improving by compacting
    • E02D3/10—Improving by compacting by watering, draining, de-aerating or blasting, e.g. by installing sand or wick drains
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D36/00—Filter circuits or combinations of filters with other separating devices
    • B01D36/02—Combinations of filters of different kinds
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of drainage structures and construction of retaining walls, in particular to a drainage structure for preventing clogging of high retaining walls and a construction method thereof.
  • the retaining wall As a common retaining structure, the retaining wall is widely used in the construction of water conservancy, transportation, port and civil construction projects. stable. After each rainfall infiltration, the retaining wall is inevitably affected by the water pressure behind the wall, so all retaining walls are designed with drainage holes. Install a filter device.
  • the reverse filter bag is usually arranged at intervals along the vertical direction of the wall back at the water inlet of the drainage hole as a drainage structure.
  • the filter material in the filter bag needs to be laid layer by layer during construction. The construction procedure is cumbersome.
  • backfilling behind the wall it is easy to impact the anti-filter bag, causing the outermost geotextile of the anti-filter bag to fold and deform, and it is difficult to guarantee the anti-filter effect.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a high retaining wall anti-silting drainage structure and construction method thereof, so as to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art.
  • the present invention provides the following scheme: the present invention provides a high retaining wall anti-silting drainage structure, including a high retaining wall, a number of drainage pipes are pre-buried in the high retaining wall, and several The drainage pipes are arranged in an array in the high retaining wall, and the drainage pipes communicate with both sides of the high retaining wall;
  • the water inlet of the drain pipe is provided with a filter assembly, one end of the filter assembly communicates with the outside of the high retaining wall, and the other end of the filter assembly communicates with the drain pipe; Has a waterproof layer;
  • the filter assembly includes a filter cloth, an anti-filter device and an isolation net arranged in sequence along the water flow direction, the anti-filter device is plugged into the drain pipe, and the isolation net is fixedly connected to the anti-filter device.
  • the drainage pipe is arranged obliquely along the drainage direction, the water inlet of the drainage pipe is higher than the water outlet in the drainage pipe, and the inclination angle of the drainage pipe is not less than 5°;
  • the outlet is not less than 20cm above the ground.
  • the reverse filter device includes a small-diameter section, a transition section, and a diameter-expanding section connected in sequence, the small-diameter section is inserted into the inlet of the drain pipe, and the outer diameter of the small-diameter section is consistent with the inner diameter of the drain pipe.
  • the isolation net is fixedly connected to the small-diameter section; fillers are filled in the enlarged-diameter section and the transition section, and the filter cloth cover is arranged at the entrance of the enlarged-diameter section.
  • the filler includes but not limited to a mixture of gravel and absorbent sponge.
  • the filter cloth includes several layers of geotextiles stacked in sequence, the geotextile cover is arranged at the entrance of the diameter-expanding section, and the geotextile is bound outside the diameter-expanding section by binding wires;
  • the number of layers of geotextile is not less than two layers.
  • the isolation net includes two layers, which are fixedly connected to both ends of the small-diameter section respectively.
  • a construction method for an anti-silting drainage structure of a high retaining wall comprising the following construction steps:
  • the length of each excavation of the foundation pit does not exceed 20% of the total construction length, and the length of each excavation does not exceed 6m.
  • the strength of the retaining wall must reach more than 75% of the design strength, and the soil behind the wall must have a transverse slope of no less than 3%.
  • the thickness of the soil behind each layer of wall is not more than 20cm.
  • the invention discloses the following technical effects: the invention discloses a high retaining wall anti-silting drainage structure and its construction method. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
  • the structure of the present invention is simple and stable, which greatly reduces the investment of manpower and machinery during the construction of the traditional high retaining wall drainage structure, ensures the construction quality of the high retaining wall drainage structure, improves the drainage structure of the retaining wall and the backfilling of the backfill construction efficiency.
  • the reverse filter device is filled with packing, and the inlet is provided with an isolation cloth, which improves the filtering effect and reduces the chance of drain pipe clogging; when the packing provides a drainage channel for the soil behind the wall, it can effectively prevent the soil behind the wall from being taken away during drainage , to ensure the soil stability of the soil behind the wall, and at the same time prevent the sediment from entering the drainpipe and causing blockage.
  • the anti-filtration device in the present invention can be prefabricated in advance, and can be produced in a factory. Improve construction efficiency and save construction period.
  • the structure of the invention is simple and stable, which greatly reduces the investment of manpower and machinery during the construction of the traditional high retaining wall drainage structure, is convenient to use, reduces the difficulty of construction, ensures the construction quality of the high retaining wall drainage structure, and improves the drainage structure of the retaining wall.
  • the backfilling construction efficiency of the backfilling of the wall greatly improves the construction efficiency, saves the construction period, and has a high promotion value.
  • Fig. 1 is the side view of the drainage structure of high retaining wall anti-silting of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the anti-silting drainage structure of the high retaining wall of the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is the front view of the high retaining wall drainage pipe of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is the three-dimensional figure of reverse filtration device of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is the structural representation of reverse filtration device of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a high retaining wall anti-silting drainage structure, including a high retaining wall 1, a number of drainage pipes 2 are embedded in the high retaining wall 1, and several drainage pipes 2 are placed in the high retaining wall.
  • the earth wall 1 is arranged in an array, and the drainage pipe 2 is connected to both sides of the high retaining wall 1;
  • the water inlet of the drain pipe 2 is provided with a filter assembly, one end of the filter assembly communicates with the outside of the high retaining wall 1, and the other end of the filter assembly communicates with the drain pipe 2; a water-resistant layer 10 is provided below the filter assembly at the bottom;
  • the filter assembly includes a filter cloth 3 , an anti-filter device 4 and an isolation net 5 arranged in sequence along the direction of water flow.
  • the accumulated water behind the high retaining wall 1 passes through the filter cloth 3, the reverse filter device 4 and the isolation net 5 in turn, enters the drain pipe 2, and finally drains to the other side of the high retaining wall 1 to prevent the accumulation of water behind the high retaining wall 1.
  • Water, the filter cloth 3 and the anti-filter device 4 carry out multi-layer filtration to the drainage, which can prevent the silt behind the high retaining wall 1 from entering the drain pipe 2 and causing blockage.
  • the drainage pipe 2 is arranged obliquely along the drainage direction, the water inlet of the drainage pipe 2 is higher than the water outlet in the drainage pipe 2, and the inclination angle of the drainage pipe 2 is not less than 5°; the outlet of the lowest drainage pipe 2 is higher than The ground is not less than 20cm.
  • Drainage pipe 2 is a round PVC pipe with good corrosion resistance and aging resistance and long service life. It is a drainage channel for backfilling soil behind the wall, with a diameter of 100mm to 150mm. It is 2m ⁇ 3m, the inclination angle is 5%, and it is arranged in a plum blossom shape.
  • the water outlet of the bottom row of PVC drainage pipes 2 is more than 20cm above the ground, which is conducive to drainage and prevents the water outlet from being too low to cause drainage silt and affect drainage.
  • the reverse filter device 4 includes a small-diameter section 401, a transition section 402, and a diameter-expanding section 403 that are connected in sequence.
  • the isolation net 5 is fixedly connected to the small-diameter section 401 ;
  • the expanding-diameter section 403 and the transition section 402 are filled with fillers 6 , and the filter cloth 3 is covered at the entrance of the expanding-diameter section 403 .
  • the small-diameter section 401, the transition section 402, and the enlarged-diameter section 403 are connected sequentially.
  • the outer diameter of the small-diameter section 401 is compatible with the inner diameter of the drain pipe 2.
  • the diameter of the enlarged diameter section 403 is twice that of the small diameter section 401; the filler 6 and the filter cloth 3 can filter the drainage entering the reverse filter device 4 multiple times to prevent the drainage from being
  • the gravel enters the drain pipe 2 and causes the drain pipe 2 to block.
  • the reverse filter device 4 is an integral casting and forging, integrally formed, and the material is preferably stainless steel.
  • the filler 6 includes but is not limited to a mixture of crushed stones and water-absorbing sponges.
  • the diameter of the crushed stones is not less than the diameter of the isolation net 5 to prevent the gravel from leaking from the holes of the isolation net 5 into the drain pipe 2, and the absorbent sponge fills the The slit of gravel is closed, and fine silt is prevented from entering the drainpipe 2 through the slit of gravel, and the integrity of filler 6 is improved.
  • the absorbent sponge before mixing the absorbent sponge with the crushed stone, it should be soaked in the antiseptic solution for 7-10 days, and then squeezed out the antiseptic solution and dried in the air;
  • the purpose of soaking with antiseptic solution is to eliminate fungi and other seeds in gravel and absorbent sponges, prevent fungi and seeds from germination and cause rhizomes to block drain pipe 2 and reverse filter device 4, and also prevent filler 6 from stink and corrode.
  • the particle size of gravel is 18 mm to 22 mm
  • the length and width of the absorbent sponge are 40 mm
  • the thickness is 10 mm.
  • the mass of the absorbent sponge in the same reverse filter device 4 accounts for 3% of the mass of the mixture of gravel and absorbent sponge.
  • the filter cloth 3 includes several layers of geotextiles 301 stacked one after another.
  • the geotextile 301 cover is arranged at the entrance of the diameter-expanding section 403, and the geotextile 301 is bound outside the diameter-expanding section 403 by binding wires 302;
  • the number of layers is not less than two layers.
  • the geotextile 301 is used as the first layer of filtration at the inlet of the reverse filter device 4, and is bound to the inlet of the enlarged diameter section 403 of the reverse filter device 4 with a binding wire 302, and the silt in the drainage is initially isolated outside the reverse filter device 4;
  • 302 can be used but not limited to lead wire, stainless steel wire and other metal wires with high corrosion resistance and high strength; the binding wire 302 will tighten the geotextile 301 so that the geotextile 301 is not easy to shift and fold, and will not affect the drainage effect in the later stage .
  • the isolation net 5 includes two layers, which are affixed to the two ends of the small-diameter section 401 respectively.
  • the effect of the isolation net 5 is to intercept the crushed stones in the filler 6, preventing the crushed stones from entering the drainpipe 2 and causing blockage.
  • the isolation net 5 is a stainless steel net, and the mesh number of the isolation net 5 is not less than 5 meshes. In order to facilitate the installation of the isolation net 5, the stainless steel net is wrapped with a width of 10mm.
  • a construction method for an anti-silting drainage structure of a high retaining wall comprising the following construction steps:
  • the pre-embedded drainage pipe 2 is more convenient to control the layout position of the drainage pipe 2, and it is convenient to adjust the sequence and density of the drainage pipe 2.
  • the combination of the drainage pipe 2 and the high retaining wall 1 is more closely, and there will be no water leakage.
  • the water-resistant layer 10 adopts clay with poor water permeability, The tamped thickness is not less than 30cm to prevent accumulated water from seeping into the foundation pit 7 and the high retaining wall, resulting in a decrease in the strength and bearing capacity of the foundation pit 7, causing the foundation pit 7 to collapse;
  • the reverse filter device 4 is directly inserted into the drainage, so that the reverse The lower edge of the filter device 4 is close to the top surface of the water-repellent layer 10, which is convenient for drainage, and also prevents water-repellent layer 10 from accumulating water to cause the water-repellent layer 10 to fail; when the reverse filter device 4 is installed, the small diameter of the reverse filter device 4
  • the section 401 is embedded in the drainage pipe 2, and the pre-prepared filler 6 is evenly put into the diameter-expanding section 403 and the transition section 402 of the stainless steel reverse
  • step S2 the length of each excavation of the foundation pit 7 shall not exceed 20% of the total construction length, and the length of each excavation shall not exceed 6m.
  • the purpose of section-by-section construction is to prevent the strength of the foundation 8 from being too long to cause serious collapse and landslides after the length of excavation is too long, and it can also prevent foundation pit 7 from being soaked in water during the construction process, resulting in softening of the bottom layer and a decrease in supporting force.
  • the soil behind the backfill wall in step S3 needs the strength of the high retaining wall to reach more than 75% of the design strength, and the soil behind the wall should be provided with a transverse slope of not less than 3%; when the wall strength of the high retaining wall 1 reaches When the design strength is more than 75%, backfill the soil 9 behind the wall to prevent the high retaining wall 1 from being compressed and deformed by the soil 9 behind the wall. When filling the soil, spread it evenly and set a cross slope of not less than 3% to facilitate drainage. When the back of the wall is 0.5m ⁇ 1.0m, use a small compactor to compact it.
  • step S5 the thickness of the soil 9 behind each layer of the wall is not more than 20 cm. Backfilling and compacting layer by layer, the top surface of the back soil 9 of each layer is filled under the filter device 4, so as to facilitate the drainage of the back soil 9 of each layer.
  • the structure of the present invention is simple and stable, which greatly reduces the investment of manpower and machinery in the construction of the traditional high retaining wall 1 drainage structure, is convenient to use, reduces the difficulty of construction, ensures the construction quality of the high retaining wall 1 drainage structure, and improves the construction quality of the retaining wall 1 drainage structure.
  • the construction efficiency of the drainage structure and the filling soil behind the wall greatly improves the construction efficiency and saves the construction period.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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  • Retaining Walls (AREA)
  • Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种高挡土墙防淤堵的排水结构及施工方法，包括高挡土墙，高挡土墙内预埋有若干排水管，排水管连通高挡土墙的两侧；排水管的进水口设置有过滤组件，过滤组件的一端与高挡土墙外连通，过滤组件的另一端与排水管连通；最下层的过滤组件的下方设有隔水层；过滤组件包括沿水流方向依次设置的过滤布、反滤装置和隔离网，反滤装置插接在排水管内，隔离网与反滤装置固接。本发明结构简单稳定，极大地降低了传统高挡土墙排水结构施工时的人材机投入，使用方便，减小了施工难度，保证高挡土墙排水结构施工质量，提高挡土墙排水结构及墙后填土回填施工效率，极大地提高了施工效率，节约工期，具有较高的推广价值。

Description

一种高挡土墙防淤堵的排水结构及其施工方法 技术领域
本发明涉及挡土墙的排水结构及施工技术领域，特别是涉及一种高挡土墙防淤堵的排水结构及其施工方法。
背景技术
挡土墙作为一种常见的挡土构筑物，广泛应用于水利、交通、港口及工民建等工程建设中，其目的是支挡墙背填土或边坡土体，防止土体的变形失稳。在每次降雨入渗后，挡土墙不可避免地受到墙后水压力的作用，因此所有的挡土墙设计时都设有排水孔，为了排水管通畅，需要在挡土墙排水孔进水口处设置反滤装置。
在实际工程中，由于各种原因挡土墙后的排水孔经常会出现流土或失效的现象。流土现象的出现，将导致墙后填料的流失，从而引起墙背填土的不均匀沉降；排水孔失效后，将使墙后的土水压力增大，容易导致挡土墙滑移或倾覆破坏，进而影响墙背填土或边坡土体的稳定性。挡土墙排水孔失效的主要有两种可能，一是排水管本身被墙后填料或反滤料堵塞，从而导致其排水不畅，二是排水管后的反滤设施的孔隙被细小的土颗粒堵塞，进而降低了其透水效果。
目前，当挡土墙高度较高时，通常沿墙背竖直方向在排水孔的进水口处间隔设置反滤包作为排水结构，然而施工时反滤包内的反滤料需层层铺设，施工程序繁琐。同时墙后回填料时易使反滤包受到冲击，导致反滤包最外层的土工布发生褶曲变形，反滤效果难以保证。
通过上述分析可知，为保证实际工程中的高挡土墙及其墙背填土或边坡土体保持正常营运，如何发明一种既能有效防淤堵又能易于施工的排水结构至关重要。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种种高挡土墙防淤堵的排水结构及其施工方法，以解决上述现有技术存在的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了如下方案：本发明提供一种高挡土墙防淤堵的排水结构，包括高挡土墙，所述高挡土墙内预埋有若干排水管，若干所述排水管在所述高挡土墙内阵列设置，所述排水管连通所述高挡土墙的两侧；
所述排水管的进水口设置有过滤组件，所述过滤组件的一端与高挡土墙外连通，所述过滤组件的另一端与所述排水管连通；最下层的所述过滤组件的下方设有隔水层；
所述过滤组件包括沿水流方向依次设置的过滤布、反滤装置和隔离网，所述反滤装置插接在所述排水管内，所述隔离网与所述反滤装置固接。
优选的，所述排水管沿排水方向倾斜设置，所述排水管的进水口高于所述排水管内的出水口，所述排水管的倾斜角不小于5°；最下层的所述排水管的出口高于地面不小于20cm。
优选的，所述反滤装置包括依次连接的小径段、过渡段和扩径段，所述小径段插接在所述排水管的进口，所述小径段的外径与所述排水管的内径相适配；所述隔离网与所述小径段固接；所述扩径段和所述 过渡段内填充有填料，所述过滤布罩设在扩径段的进口。
优选的，所述填料包括但不限于碎石与吸水海绵的混合体。
优选的，所述过滤布包括若干层依次叠放的土工布，所述土工布罩设在所述扩径段的进口，所述土工布通过绑丝捆扎在所述扩径段外；所述土工布的层数不小于两层。
优选的，所述隔离网包括两层，分别与所述小径段的两端固接。
一种高挡土墙防淤堵排水结构的施工方法，包括以下施工步骤：
S1、开挖基坑，然后清理基坑杂土，并夯实；
S2、施工高挡土墙至高于地基，然后回填基坑并夯实；
S3、预埋排水管，然后回填墙后土，并夯实；
S4、施工隔水层到最下层的排水管处，然后安装反滤装置，在将填料填入反滤装置，最后安装过滤布；
S5、逐层回填墙后土并夯实，直到设计标高。
优选的，所述步骤S1中，基坑每次开挖的长度不超过施工总长的20％，且每次开挖长度不超过6m。
优选的，所述步骤S3中的回填墙后土时需高挡土墙的强度达到设计强度的75％以上，墙后土设置不小于3％的横坡。
优选的，所述步骤S5中，每层墙后土的厚度不超过20cm。
本发明公开了以下技术效果：本发明公开一种高挡土墙防淤堵的排水结构及其施工方法，相比于现有技术，本发明具有以下优点：
(1)本发明结构简单稳定，极大地降低了传统高挡土墙排水结构施工时的人材机投入，保证高挡土墙排水结构的施工质量，提高挡 土墙排水结构及墙后填土回填施工效率。
(2)反滤装置内填充有填料，进口处设置有隔离布，提高了过滤效果，降低了排水管堵塞的几率；填料为墙后土提供排水通道时，有效防止排水时带走墙后土，保证墙后土的土体稳定性，同时也防止泥沙进入排水管导致堵塞。
(3)本发明中的反滤装置可以提前预制，并且可工厂化生产，反滤装置质量可控性强，施工时只需现场嵌装，使用方便，减小了施工难度，极大地提高了施工效率，节约工期。
本发明结构简单稳定，极大地降低了传统高挡土墙排水结构施工时的人材机投入，使用方便，减小了施工难度，保证高挡土墙排水结构施工质量，提高挡土墙排水结构及墙后填土回填施工效率，极大地提高了施工效率，节约工期，具有较高的推广价值。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明高挡土墙防淤堵的排水结构的侧视图；
图2为本发明高挡土墙防淤堵的排水结构的结构示意图；
图3为本发明高挡土墙排水管的主视图；
图4为本发明反滤装置的三维图；
图5为本发明反滤装置的结构示意图；
其中，1、高挡土墙；2、排水管；3、过滤布；301、土工布；302、绑丝；4、反滤装置；401、小径段；402、过渡段；403、扩径段；5、隔离网；6、填料；7、基坑；8、地基；9、墙后土；10、隔水层；11、流水坡。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
参照图1-5，本发明提供一种高挡土墙防淤堵的排水结构，包括高挡土墙1，高挡土墙1内预埋有若干排水管2，若干排水管2在高挡土墙1内阵列设置，排水管2连通高挡土墙1的两侧；
排水管2的进水口设置有过滤组件，过滤组件的一端与高挡土墙1外连通，过滤组件的另一端与排水管2连通；最下层的过滤组件的下方设有隔水层10；
过滤组件包括沿水流方向依次设置的过滤布3、反滤装置4和隔离网5，反滤装置4插接在排水管2内，隔离网5与反滤装置4固接。高挡土墙1后的积水依次通过过滤布3、反滤装置4和隔离网5后进 入排水管2，最终排到高挡土墙1的另一侧，防止高挡土墙1后积水，过滤布3和反滤装置4对排水进行多层过滤，能防止高挡土墙1后的泥沙进入排水管2造成堵塞。
进一步优化方案，排水管2沿排水方向倾斜设置，排水管2的进水口高于排水管2内的出水口，排水管2的倾斜角不小于5°；最下层的排水管2的出口高于地面不小于20cm。排水管2为圆形PVC管，具有良好的耐腐蚀性和抗老化性，使用寿命长，为墙后回填土的排水通道，直径为100mm～150mm，相邻排水管2孔眼的水平、垂直间距为2m～3m，倾角为5％，梅花型布置，最下排PVC排水管2的出水口高出地面20cm以上，有利于排水，防止出水口过低导致排水淤积影响排水。
进一步优化方案，反滤装置4包括依次连接的小径段401、过渡段402和扩径段403，小径段401插接在排水管2的进口，小径段401的外径与排水管2的内径相适配；隔离网5与小径段401固接；扩径段403和过渡段402内填充有填料6，过滤布3罩设在扩径段403的进口。小径段401、过渡段402和扩径段403依次固接，小径段401的外径与排水管2的内径相适配，安装时嵌设在排水管2内，安装方便，也能有效防止水从排水管2和小径段401的基础面泄露；扩径段403的直径为小径段401的2倍；填料6和过滤布3能对进入反滤装置4的排水进行多次过滤，防止排水中的砂石进入排水管2导致排水管2堵塞。
进一步的，反滤装置4为整体铸锻件，一体成型，材质优选不锈 钢。
进一步优化方案，填料6包括但不限于碎石与吸水海绵的混合体，碎石的直径不小于隔离网5的直径，防止碎石从隔离网5的孔眼处泄露进入排水管2，吸水海绵填补了碎石的缝隙，防止细小的泥沙通过碎石的缝隙进入排水管2，提高了填料6的整体性。
进一步的，吸水海绵与碎石拌和前应放入防腐液中浸泡7～10天，捞出后挤出防腐液并晾干；碎石的直径不小于隔离网5的孔径。使用防腐液浸泡的目的是消灭碎石和吸水海绵内的真菌和其他种子，防止真菌和种子萌发导致根茎堵塞排水管2和反滤装置4，同时也能防止填料6发臭腐蚀。
进一步的，碎石粒径为18mm～22mm，吸水海绵为长、宽为40mm，厚度为10mm，同一个反滤装置4中吸水海绵的质量占碎石与吸水海绵混合体质量的3％。
进一步优化方案，过滤布3包括若干层依次叠放的土工布301，土工布301罩设在扩径段403的进口，土工布301通过绑丝302捆扎在扩径段403外；土工布301的层数不小于两层。土工布301作为反滤装置4进口的第一层过滤，用绑丝302绑扎在反滤装置4的扩径段403的进口，初步将排水中的泥沙隔离在反滤装置4外；绑丝302可以选用但不局限于铅丝、不锈钢丝等防腐性高，强度高的金属丝；绑丝302将土工布301绷紧，使土工布301不易发生移位及褶曲，不会影响后期的排水效果。
进一步优化方案，隔离网5包括两层，分别与小径段401的两端 固接。隔离网5的作用是拦截填料6中的碎石，防止碎石进入排水管2造成堵塞。
进一步的，隔离网5为不锈钢网，隔离网5的目数不小于5目，为便于隔离网5的安装，不锈钢网进行包边处理，包边的宽度为10mm。
一种高挡土墙防淤堵排水结构的施工方法，包括以下施工步骤：
S1、开挖基坑7，然后清理基坑7杂土，并夯实；开挖基坑7到设计深度，然后清除基坑7底部的浮土和碎石，然后将基坑7底部夯实，清除支撑力差的浮土并夯实，防止基坑7塌陷下沉，提高基坑7的承载力。
S2、施工高挡土墙1至高于地基8，然后回填基坑7并夯实；施工到高挡土墙1高于地基8但低于设计的最下端的排水管2安装位置时，将基坑7回填到与地基8平齐并夯实，做成不小于5％的向外的流水坡11，防止排水在回填的基坑7处淤积，有利于排水。
S3、预埋排水管2，然后回填墙后土9，并夯实；回填基坑7后继续施工高挡土墙1，并按照设计的位置预埋排水管2。预埋排水管2更方便控制排水管2的布置位置，方便调节排列顺序和密度，同时排水管2和高挡土墙1的结合更加紧密，不会存在漏水现象。
S4、施工隔水层10到最下层的排水管2处，然后安装反滤装置4，在将填料6填入反滤装置4，最后安装过滤布3；隔水层10采用透水性差的黏土，夯实的厚度不低于30cm，防止积水渗透到基坑7和高挡水墙下，导致基坑7强度和承载力下降，引起基坑7坍塌；反滤装置4直接插入排水内，使反滤装置4的下边缘与隔水层10的顶 面贴近，便于排水，也防止隔水层10上积水导致隔水层10时失效；安装反滤装置4时，将反滤装置4的小径段401嵌装于排水管2内，并将事先准备好的填料6均匀放入不锈钢反滤装置4的扩径段403和过渡段402内，扩径段403的端口部包裹土工布301，包好后用绑丝302丝绑扎固定。
S5、逐层回填墙后土9并夯实，直到设计标高。逐层回填墙后土9，每层夯实后再回填下一层，能更充分的将墙后土9夯实，防止依次回填满后最下端的墙后土9不能有效夯实，承载性差，容易发生水土流失；每层墙后土9的底面均与一层的反滤装置4的边缘贴近，对每层墙后土9进行排水，提高排水的效率和效果。
进一步优化方案，步骤S2中，基坑7每次开挖的长度不超过施工总长的20％，且每次开挖长度不超过6m。逐段施工的目的是防止一次开挖的长度过长后导致地基8的强度下降严重导致坍塌滑坡，同时也能防止施工过程中恶劣天气时导致基坑7浸水导致底层软化，支撑力下降。
进一步优化方案，步骤S3中的回填墙后土需高挡土墙的强度达到设计强度的75％以上，墙后土设置不小于3％的横坡；当高挡土墙1的墙身强度达到设计强度的75％以上时回填墙后土9，防止墙后土9将高挡土墙1压迫变形，填土时均匀摊铺平整，设置不小于3％的横坡，便于排水，填土距离墙背0.5m～1.0m时，采用小型压实机具碾压。
进一步优化方案，步骤S5中，每层墙后土9的厚度不超过20cm。 逐层回填并夯实，每一层墙后土9的顶面填充到反滤装置4下方，便于每层墙后土9的排水。
施工方法：
根据需要并结合地形设计高挡土墙1的位置和高度，然后按照设计在地基8上开挖基坑7到设计深度，清除基坑7底部的浮土和碎石，然后夯实。
按照设计要求施工高挡土墙1，直到高挡土墙1的高度高于地基8但低于设计的最下层排水管2的高度，然后回填基坑7将高挡土墙1的下部分掩埋并夯实，在高档土墙的墙面外侧做成不小于5％的向外流水坡11。
回填基坑7后继续施工高挡土墙1，并按照设计的位置预埋预设数量的排水管2直到完成高挡土墙1施工；当高挡土墙1的墙身强度达到设计强度的75％以上时回填墙后土9，填土时均匀摊铺平整，设置不小于3％的横坡，填土距离墙背0.5m～1.0m时，采用小型压实机具碾压。
在高挡土墙1背后的地基8上用透水性差的黏土夯实出厚度不小于30cm的隔水层10，隔水层10的顶面贴近最下端的排水管2；然后安装反滤装置4，安装反滤装置4时，将反滤装置4的小径段401嵌装于排水管2内，并将事先准备好的填料6均匀放入不锈钢反滤装置4的扩径段403和过渡段402内，扩径段403的端口部包裹土工布301，包好后用绑丝302丝绑扎固定。
最后逐层回填墙后土9，每层墙后土9夯实后再回填下一层，每 层墙后土9的底面均与本层的排水管2进口边缘贴近，然后在依照上述步骤安装反滤装置4；多次重复回填和安装反滤装置4，直到墙后土9的顶面与高挡土墙1填平夯实。
本发明结构简单稳定，极大地降低了传统高挡土墙1排水结构施工时的人材机投入，使用方便，减小了施工难度，保证高挡土墙1排水结构施工质量，提高挡土墙1排水结构及墙后填土回填施工效率，极大地提高了施工效率，节约工期。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“纵向”、“横向”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
以上所述的实施例仅是对本发明的优选方式进行描述，并非对本发明的范围进行限定，在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下，本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案做出的各种变形和改进，均应落入本发明权利要求书确定的保护范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种高挡土墙防淤堵的排水结构，包括高挡土墙(1)，其特征在于：所述高挡土墙(1)内预埋有若干排水管(2)，若干所述排水管(2)在所述高挡土墙(1)内阵列设置，所述排水管(2)连通所述高挡土墙(1)的两侧；
    所述排水管(2)的进水口设置有过滤组件，所述过滤组件的一端与高挡土墙(1)外连通，所述过滤组件的另一端与所述排水管(2)连通；最下层的所述过滤组件的下方设有隔水层(10)；
    所述过滤组件包括沿水流方向依次设置的过滤布(3)、反滤装置(4)和隔离网(5)，所述反滤装置(4)插接在所述排水管(2)内，所述隔离网(5)与所述反滤装置(4)固接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的高挡土墙防淤堵的排水结构，其特征在于：所述排水管(2)沿排水方向倾斜设置，所述排水管(2)的进水口高于所述排水管(2)内的出水口，所述排水管(2)的倾斜角不小于5°；最下层的所述排水管(2)的出口高于地面不小于20cm。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的高挡土墙防淤堵的排水结构，其特征在于：所述反滤装置(4)包括依次连接的小径段(401)、过渡段(402)和扩径段(403)，所述小径段(401)插接在所述排水管(2)的进口，所述小径段(401)的外径与所述排水管(2)的内径相适配；所述隔离网(5)与所述小径段(401)固接；所述扩径段(403)和所述过渡段(402)内填充有填料(6)，所述过滤布(3)罩设在扩径段(403)的进口。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的高挡土墙防淤堵的排水结构，其特征 在于：所述填料(6)包括但不限于碎石与吸水海绵的混合体。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的高挡土墙防淤堵的排水结构，其特征在于：所述过滤布(3)包括若干层依次叠放的土工布(301)，所述土工布(301)罩设在所述扩径段(403)的进口，所述土工布(301)通过绑丝(302)捆扎在所述扩径段(403)外；所述土工布(301)的层数不小于两层。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的高挡土墙防淤堵的排水结构，其特征在于：所述隔离网(5)包括两层，分别与所述小径段(401)的两端固接。
  7. 一种高挡土墙防淤堵排水结构的施工方法，根据权利要求1-6任意一项所述的高挡土墙防淤堵的排水结构，其特征在于，包括以下施工步骤：
    S1、开挖基坑(7)，然后清理基坑(7)杂土，并夯实；
    S2、施工高挡土墙(1)至高于地基(8)，然后回填基坑(7)并夯实；
    S3、预埋排水管(2)，然后回填墙后土(9)，并夯实；
    S4、施工隔水层(10)到最下层的排水管(2)处，然后安装反滤装置(4)，在将填料(6)填入反滤装置(4)，最后安装过滤布(3)；
    S5、逐层回填墙后土(9)并夯实，直到设计标高。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的高挡土墙防淤堵排水结构的施工方法，其特征在于：所述步骤S1中，基坑(7)每次开挖的长度不超过施工总长的20％，且每次开挖长度不超过6m。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的高挡土墙防淤堵排水结构的施工方法，其特征在于：所述步骤S3中的回填墙后土(9)需高挡土墙(1)的强度达到设计强度的75％以上，墙后土(9)设置不小于3％的横坡。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的高挡土墙防淤堵排水结构的施工方法，其特征在于：所述步骤S5中，每层墙后土(9)的厚度不超过20cm。
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