WO2023029198A1 - Multifunctional stealth flexible material and preparation method therefor - Google Patents

Multifunctional stealth flexible material and preparation method therefor Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023029198A1
WO2023029198A1 PCT/CN2021/128147 CN2021128147W WO2023029198A1 WO 2023029198 A1 WO2023029198 A1 WO 2023029198A1 CN 2021128147 W CN2021128147 W CN 2021128147W WO 2023029198 A1 WO2023029198 A1 WO 2023029198A1
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Prior art keywords
fabric
electromagnetic wave
stealth
plasma
phase change
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PCT/CN2021/128147
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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叶伟
张杏
孙启龙
龙啸云
高强
季涛
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南通大学
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Publication of WO2023029198A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023029198A1/en

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N7/00—Flexible sheet materials not otherwise provided for, e.g. textile threads, filaments, yarns or tow, glued on macromolecular material
    • D06N7/0094—Fibrous material being coated on one surface with at least one layer of an inorganic material and at least one layer of a macromolecular material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B33/00—Layered products characterised by particular properties or particular surface features, e.g. particular surface coatings; Layered products designed for particular purposes not covered by another single class
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/022—Non-woven fabric
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M10/00—Physical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. ultrasonic, corona discharge, irradiation, electric currents, or magnetic fields; Physical treatment combined with treatment with chemical compounds or elements
    • D06M10/02—Physical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. ultrasonic, corona discharge, irradiation, electric currents, or magnetic fields; Physical treatment combined with treatment with chemical compounds or elements ultrasonic or sonic; Corona discharge
    • D06M10/025—Corona discharge or low temperature plasma
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M10/00—Physical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. ultrasonic, corona discharge, irradiation, electric currents, or magnetic fields; Physical treatment combined with treatment with chemical compounds or elements
    • D06M10/04—Physical treatment combined with treatment with chemical compounds or elements
    • D06M10/08—Organic compounds
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/0002—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate
    • D06N3/0013—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate using multilayer webs
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/0056—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the compounding ingredients of the macro-molecular coating
    • D06N3/0059—Organic ingredients with special effects, e.g. oil- or water-repellent, antimicrobial, flame-resistant, magnetic, bactericidal, odour-influencing agents; perfumes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/007—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by mechanical or physical treatments
    • D06N3/0081—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by mechanical or physical treatments by wave energy or particle radiation
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/04—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06N3/047—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds with fluoropolymers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/12—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins
    • D06N3/14—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins with polyurethanes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N7/00—Flexible sheet materials not otherwise provided for, e.g. textile threads, filaments, yarns or tow, glued on macromolecular material
    • D06N7/0097—Web coated with fibres, e.g. flocked
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N2201/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads or yarns
    • D06N2201/08—Inorganic fibres
    • D06N2201/087—Carbon fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N2205/00—Condition, form or state of the materials
    • D06N2205/02—Dispersion
    • D06N2205/023—Emulsion, aqueous dispersion, latex
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N2207/00—Treatments by energy or chemical effects
    • D06N2207/12—Treatments by energy or chemical effects by wave energy or particle radiation
    • D06N2207/126—Treatments by energy or chemical effects by wave energy or particle radiation using particle radiation, e.g. ion, electron, neutron
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N2209/00—Properties of the materials
    • D06N2209/04—Properties of the materials having electrical or magnetic properties
    • D06N2209/048—Electromagnetic interference shielding
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N2209/00—Properties of the materials
    • D06N2209/08—Properties of the materials having optical properties
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N2213/00—Others characteristics
    • D06N2213/03—Fibrous web coated on one side with at least two layers of the same polymer type, e.g. two coatings of polyolefin

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of material technology, in particular to a stealthy flexible material and a preparation method thereof, which has visible light stealth, infrared and radar stealth functions.
  • camouflage technology plays an important role in the military equipment of various countries, especially multifunctional composite materials integrating visible light, infrared and radar stealth technologies are the hotspots of current research.
  • As a flexible stealth material it can be widely used in the camouflage of covers, patches and other targets.
  • visible light, infrared and radar stealth materials are combined, there is a phenomenon of mutual interference.
  • the invention patent application with publication number CN112851986A filed by Beijing Institute of Technology on March 19, 2021 discloses a method for preparing a flexible wave-absorbing composite material.
  • the method first mixes gallium-based liquid metal and ferrite wave-absorbing powder, and then fills them into the pores of expanded graphite to obtain filled expanded graphite; then makes polyvinylidene fluoride, a solvent and additives into a solution, and then adds Fill expanded graphite to obtain a composite casting solution; finally, evenly scrape the composite casting solution on the support, put it in a deionized hydrogel bath, and obtain gallium-based liquid metal/ferrite by lysotropic phase inversion /expanded graphite/tetraacicular zinc oxide whisker/polyvinylidene fluoride flexible wave-absorbing composite material.
  • the invention has the advantages of simple procedure, convenient operation and low cost.
  • the prepared composite material has the advantages of flexibility, wave-absorbing performance, hydrophobicity, wear resistance, mechanical properties and high
  • the invention application with the publication number CN112666637A filed by Zhejiang University on 2020.12.29 discloses a Lambertian-based flexible thermal infrared stealth device and its preparation method, aiming to be compatible with low infrared heat radiation and fully protected against external infrared heat sources.
  • the space has low reflection to reduce the influence of external heat sources on thermal infrared stealth, and achieve a safer stealth effect than most thermal infrared stealth materials or devices proposed before.
  • the device includes a rough substrate and an infrared stealth layer above the substrate, which satisfies: the infrared emissivity of the 3-5 ⁇ m and 8-14 ⁇ m bands is less than 0.2; the infrared light reflection characteristics of the 3-5 ⁇ m and 8-14 ⁇ m bands are close to perfect diffuse reflection.
  • the excellent flexibility and heat resistance of the present invention can increase the thermal infrared stealth application range of the device.
  • the authorized patent with publication number CN103774328B applied by Nantong University on 2014.02.10 discloses a processing method of a suede structure fabric that absorbs broadband electromagnetic waves, using conductive fiber blended yarn for weaving, or using conductive fiber blended yarn to weave double-layer fabrics;
  • the wave-absorbing agent and the flexible adhesive are diluted and mixed evenly to prepare a wave-absorbing adhesive with good bonding properties; the plush of the prepared single-sided suede fabric is immersed in the prepared wave-absorbing adhesive; the obtained wool is The surface fabric is pad-rolled with proper pressure to squeeze out excess wave-absorbing adhesive; the obtained suede fabric is baked in an oven to make a suede-structured broadband electromagnetic wave-absorbing special fabric.
  • the broadband electromagnetic wave absorbing fabric with suede structure is proposed to absorb electromagnetic wave frequency range from 300MHz to 40GHz, which can be used as an important product for biological health protection and facility safety protection, and fundamentally eliminates the harm caused by electromagnetic wave radiation.
  • Each exemplary embodiment of the present application provides a multifunctional stealth flexible material and its preparation method.
  • the selected electromagnetic wave absorber is more effective, and the electromagnetic wave loss fiber material is erected on the surface of the fabric through electrostatic flocking, spraying, etc. to form a Effective electromagnetic wave loss layer, in addition to both visible light and infrared cloaking functions.
  • a stealth flexible material is provided, which is sequentially compounded with an electromagnetic wave loss layer and an infrared stealth layer on the non-woven composite layer.
  • the preparation method is as follows:
  • camouflage fabric with visible light stealth function carry out plasma treatment on the reverse side of the camouflage fabric, obtain a plasma treatment fabric, wherein one side of the camouflage fabric is provided with a camouflage pattern, and the other side of the camouflage fabric is the negative side;
  • phase change material (2) adding the microcapsule-coated phase change material into the binder, stirring evenly, and preparing a phase change material solution, wherein the concentration of the phase change material is 10wt% to 70wt%;
  • the mass of the phase change material coated with the microcapsules is 10g-70g, the mass of the binder is 20g-100g, wherein, when the concentration of the phase change material is 70wt%, the infrared low emissivity;
  • the microcapsule-coated phase change material includes at least one of a paraffin microcapsule phase change material and a fatty acid phase change material, wherein the paraffin microcapsule phase change material has better infrared emission Rate;
  • the adhesive includes at least one of aqueous polyurethane and polyvinylidene fluoride emulsion
  • step (3) Spray the phase-change material solution obtained in step (2) to the reverse side of the plasma-treated fabric in step (1), wherein the spraying amount is controlled at 20g/m2-50g /m2, the first plasma fabric sprayed with the phase change material solution is prepared;
  • the electromagnetic wave absorbing material is chopped, and the fiber length is controlled to be 1mm to 5mm to obtain the chopped electromagnetic wave absorbing material, wherein the electromagnetic wave absorbing material is activated carbon fiber and nickel-plated carbon fiber in a mass ratio of 1:2-10 Mixtures; where the load fastness and fabric thickness are controlled by controlling the length of the fibers;
  • step (4) vertically loading the chopped electromagnetic wave absorbing material in step (4) to the reverse side of the first plasma fabric sprayed with phase change material obtained in step (3) by means of electrostatic flocking,
  • the second plasma fabric compounded with the electromagnetic wave loss layer with a vertical structure is obtained by drying, wherein the chopped electromagnetic wave absorbing material is erected on the surface of the reverse side of the first plasma fabric to form a vertical suede; the above structure Has excellent electromagnetic wave absorption performance;
  • the electrostatic flocking method when the drying temperature in step (5) is below 80°C, the electrostatic flocking method is used to vertically load the chopped electromagnetic wave absorbing material on the first
  • the load capacity of the chopped electromagnetic wave absorbing material is 50g/m2 to 200g/m2
  • the electrostatic flocking voltage is 30Kv to 80Kv
  • the electrostatic electrification time is 2 seconds to 10 seconds;
  • step (6) Spray the phase change material solution obtained in step (2) onto the vertical suede surface of the second plasma fabric obtained in step (5) by means of low-pressure atomization, and then bake at 80°C Dry to obtain the third plasma fabric, wherein the spraying amount is controlled at 50g/m2 to 100g/m2;
  • the prepared material has visible light, infrared and radar stealth functions.
  • the multifunctional stealth flexible material is described.
  • Very load in this application means that the fibers are evenly distributed on the surface of the fabric in an upright state through electrostatic flocking technology.
  • the stealthy flexible material uses the fibrous electromagnetic wave absorbing material to form an electromagnetic wave loss layer with a vertical structure in the form of electrostatic flocking, like a wedge structure material, on the one hand, it can make electromagnetic waves easily enter the material for loss absorption, and on the other hand Aspects can enhance multiple reflection loss. Then the paraffin phase change material is used as the infrared stealth material.
  • the prepared fabric has not only visible light stealth, but also infrared and radar stealth.
  • Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a multifunctional stealth flexible material according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the electromagnetic wave loss principle of the multifunctional stealth flexible material according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 3 is a curve diagram of electromagnetic wave loss of a multifunctional stealthy flexible material in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 1 shows the structural diagram of the multifunctional stealth flexible material of the present application.
  • the flexible material includes a fabric 1 with visible light stealth function (such as a visible light protection layer 1), an electromagnetic wave loss layer 2 (radar and infrared protection layer 2) and a non-woven fabric 3 (such as a non-woven composite layer 3).
  • the chopped electromagnetic wave absorbing fiber material in the radar and infrared protection layer 2 has a vertical structure (vertical structure).
  • the extension direction of the chopped electromagnetic wave absorbing fiber material in the radar and infrared protection layer 2 is perpendicular or approximately perpendicular to the extension direction of the radar and infrared protection layer 2 .
  • paraffin microcapsule phase change material used in the following examples was purchased from Shandong Lingfeng Plastic Industry Co., Ltd., model PCM-40.
  • the method for preparing the multifunctional stealth flexible material comprises the following steps:
  • phase-change microcapsule solution prepared in step 2 is sprayed onto the plasma-treated side of the fabric in step 1, and the spraying amount is controlled at 50g/m2;
  • step 2 Spray the phase-change microcapsule solution prepared in step 2 onto the suede surface of electrostatic flocking by means of low-pressure atomization, the spraying amount is 100g/m2, and then dry at 80°C;
  • the length, mixing ratio and load of activated carbon fiber and nickel-plated carbon fiber will affect the electromagnetic wave loss performance of the material; the conductivity of activated carbon fiber is too high, so if the content is too high, it will form a conductive network to cause electromagnetic wave reflection instead of loss; while maintaining the fiber Under the condition of a certain rigidity and fabric thickness, increase the length of the fiber as much as possible, and the electrostatic flocking will cause the fiber to stand upright, which can cause multiple reflections of electromagnetic waves between the fibers and increase the loss; the electromagnetic wave absorber activated carbon fiber and nickel-plated fiber are too low. Insufficient electromagnetic wave loss, too high will also cause insufficient electromagnetic wave loss.
  • Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of the principle of electromagnetic wave loss of a multifunctional stealthy flexible material provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the erected fiber structure adopted is beneficial to multiple reflections of electromagnetic waves for loss.
  • FIG. 3 shows a graph of electromagnetic wave loss in Embodiment 4 of the present application.
  • the electromagnetic wave loss of the visible light material between 9-18 GHz frequency is ⁇ -10dB, and the lowest loss reaches -18dB.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)

Abstract

A multifunctional stealth flexible material and a preparation method therefor. The material is obtained by compositing an electromagnetic wave loss layer and an infrared stealth layer on a fabric subjected to plasma treatment and having a visible light stealth function and then compositing a non-woven fabric on a functional surface. The electromagnetic wave loss layer is of a vertical structure which is formed of a chopped fibrous electromagnetic wave absorbing material (a mixture of activated carbon fibers and nickel-plated carbon fibers according to a mass ratio of 1:(2-10)) in an electrostatic flocking manner; the infrared stealth layer is obtained by adding a microcapsule-coated phase change material into a water-based polyurethane adhesive and then performing coating, loading and drying. The fibrous electromagnetic wave absorbing material forms, in an electrostatic flocking manner, the electromagnetic wave loss layer having a vertical structure, and is like a wedge structure material, so that on one hand, electromagnetic waves can easily enter the material for loss absorption, and on the other hand, multiple reflection loss can be enhanced. Then a paraffin phase change material is used as an infrared stealth material, so that the prepared fabric not only has a visible light stealth function, but also has infrared and radar stealth functions.

Description

一种多功能隐身柔性材料及其制备方法A kind of multifunctional stealth flexible material and preparation method thereof
相关申请related application
本申请要求于2021年8月30日提交中国专利局、申请号为202111001412.3、申请名称为“一种多功能隐身柔性材料及其制备方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。This application claims the priority of the Chinese patent application with the application number 202111001412.3 and the application title "a multifunctional stealth flexible material and its preparation method" submitted to the China Patent Office on August 30, 2021, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference in this application.
技术领域technical field
本申请涉及材料技术领域，尤其涉及一种隐身柔性材料及其制备方法，具有可见光隐身，还兼具红外和雷达隐身功能。The present application relates to the field of material technology, in particular to a stealthy flexible material and a preparation method thereof, which has visible light stealth, infrared and radar stealth functions.
背景技术Background technique
目前伪装技术在各国的军事装备中起着重要的作用，特别是集可见光、红外和雷达等隐身技术为一体的多功能复合材料是目前研究的热点。作为柔性的隐身材料，可以广泛用于篷盖、贴片等目标的伪装。但是当可见光、红外和雷达隐身材料复合时，存在着相互干扰的现象。At present, camouflage technology plays an important role in the military equipment of various countries, especially multifunctional composite materials integrating visible light, infrared and radar stealth technologies are the hotspots of current research. As a flexible stealth material, it can be widely used in the camouflage of covers, patches and other targets. However, when visible light, infrared and radar stealth materials are combined, there is a phenomenon of mutual interference.
北京理工大学于2021.03.19申请的公开号为CN112851986A的发明专利申请公开一种柔性吸波复合材料的制备方法。所述方法首先混合镓基液态金属和铁氧体吸波粉末，然后将它们填充到膨胀石墨的孔隙中，制得填充膨胀石墨；之后将聚偏氟乙烯、溶剂和添加剂制成溶液，再加入填充膨胀石墨，得到复合铸膜液；最后将复合铸膜液均匀刮涂在支撑体上，并放入去离子水凝胶浴中，通过溶致相转化法得到镓基液态金属/铁氧体/膨胀石墨/四针状氧化锌晶须/聚偏氟乙烯柔性吸波复合材料。具有工序简单、操作简便、成本低廉的优点。制得的复合材料具有柔性、吸波性能、疏水性、耐磨性、力学性能和耐高温性能优良的优点，在电磁防护和隐身领域有较好的工程应用前景。The invention patent application with publication number CN112851986A filed by Beijing Institute of Technology on March 19, 2021 discloses a method for preparing a flexible wave-absorbing composite material. The method first mixes gallium-based liquid metal and ferrite wave-absorbing powder, and then fills them into the pores of expanded graphite to obtain filled expanded graphite; then makes polyvinylidene fluoride, a solvent and additives into a solution, and then adds Fill expanded graphite to obtain a composite casting solution; finally, evenly scrape the composite casting solution on the support, put it in a deionized hydrogel bath, and obtain gallium-based liquid metal/ferrite by lysotropic phase inversion /expanded graphite/tetraacicular zinc oxide whisker/polyvinylidene fluoride flexible wave-absorbing composite material. The invention has the advantages of simple procedure, convenient operation and low cost. The prepared composite material has the advantages of flexibility, wave-absorbing performance, hydrophobicity, wear resistance, mechanical properties and high-temperature resistance, and has good engineering application prospects in the fields of electromagnetic protection and stealth.
浙江大学于2020.12.29申请的公开号为CN112666637A的发明申请，公开了一种基于朗伯表面的柔性热红外隐身器件及其制备方法，旨在兼容低的红外热辐射以及对外界红外热源的全空间低反射，以减少外界热源对热红外隐身的影响，实现相比于此前提出的大部分热红外隐身材料或器件更加安全的隐身效果。该器件包括粗糙衬底及衬底上方的红外隐身层，其满足：3-5μm和8-14μm波段的红外发射率小于0.2；3-5μm和8-14μm波段的红外光反射特性接近完美的漫反射。本发明优秀的柔性和耐热性能够增加器件的热红外隐身应用范 围。The invention application with the publication number CN112666637A filed by Zhejiang University on 2020.12.29 discloses a Lambertian-based flexible thermal infrared stealth device and its preparation method, aiming to be compatible with low infrared heat radiation and fully protected against external infrared heat sources. The space has low reflection to reduce the influence of external heat sources on thermal infrared stealth, and achieve a safer stealth effect than most thermal infrared stealth materials or devices proposed before. The device includes a rough substrate and an infrared stealth layer above the substrate, which satisfies: the infrared emissivity of the 3-5μm and 8-14μm bands is less than 0.2; the infrared light reflection characteristics of the 3-5μm and 8-14μm bands are close to perfect diffuse reflection. The excellent flexibility and heat resistance of the present invention can increase the thermal infrared stealth application range of the device.
南通大学于2014.02.10申请的公开号CN103774328B的授权专利公开了一种吸收宽频电磁波的绒面结构面料的加工方法，选用导电纤维混纺纱织造，或选用导电纤维混纺纱织造双层织物；将吸波剂与柔性黏结剂稀释混合均匀，制成具有良好粘结性能的吸波黏结剂；将制备的单面绒面织物的毛绒浸渍在制备的吸波黏结剂中；将得到的绒面织物以适当的压力浸轧，挤除多余的吸波黏结剂；将得到的绒面织物置于烘箱中烘焙，制成绒面结构的宽频电磁波吸收特种面料。绒面结构的宽频电磁波吸收面料的吸收电磁波频率范围拟为300MHz～40GHz，可作为重要的生物健康防护、设施安全保护产品，从根本上消除电磁波辐射带来的危害。The authorized patent with publication number CN103774328B applied by Nantong University on 2014.02.10 discloses a processing method of a suede structure fabric that absorbs broadband electromagnetic waves, using conductive fiber blended yarn for weaving, or using conductive fiber blended yarn to weave double-layer fabrics; The wave-absorbing agent and the flexible adhesive are diluted and mixed evenly to prepare a wave-absorbing adhesive with good bonding properties; the plush of the prepared single-sided suede fabric is immersed in the prepared wave-absorbing adhesive; the obtained wool is The surface fabric is pad-rolled with proper pressure to squeeze out excess wave-absorbing adhesive; the obtained suede fabric is baked in an oven to make a suede-structured broadband electromagnetic wave-absorbing special fabric. The broadband electromagnetic wave absorbing fabric with suede structure is proposed to absorb electromagnetic wave frequency range from 300MHz to 40GHz, which can be used as an important product for biological health protection and facility safety protection, and fundamentally eliminates the harm caused by electromagnetic wave radiation.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本申请各示例性实施例提供一种多功能隐身柔性材料及其制备方法，选用的电磁波吸收剂更为有效，并且将电磁波损耗纤维材料通过静电植绒、喷涂等方式竖立于面料表面形成了一个有效的电磁波损耗层，此外还兼具可见光和红外隐身功能。Each exemplary embodiment of the present application provides a multifunctional stealth flexible material and its preparation method. The selected electromagnetic wave absorber is more effective, and the electromagnetic wave loss fiber material is erected on the surface of the fabric through electrostatic flocking, spraying, etc. to form a Effective electromagnetic wave loss layer, in addition to both visible light and infrared cloaking functions.
本申请的一方面，提供一种隐身柔性材料，是在无纺布复合层上面，依次复合电磁波损耗层和红外隐身层。In one aspect of the present application, a stealth flexible material is provided, which is sequentially compounded with an electromagnetic wave loss layer and an infrared stealth layer on the non-woven composite layer.
制备方法如下：The preparation method is as follows:
(1)提供具有可见光隐身功能的迷彩面料，在所述迷彩面料的反面进行等离子处理，得到等离子处理面料，其中所述迷彩面料的一面设有迷彩图案，所述迷彩面料的另一面为所述反面；(1) Provide a camouflage fabric with visible light stealth function, carry out plasma treatment on the reverse side of the camouflage fabric, obtain a plasma treatment fabric, wherein one side of the camouflage fabric is provided with a camouflage pattern, and the other side of the camouflage fabric is the negative side;
(2)将微胶囊包覆的相变材料加入到粘合剂中，搅拌均匀，制备得到相变材料溶液，其中，所述相变材料的浓度为10wt％至70wt％；(2) adding the microcapsule-coated phase change material into the binder, stirring evenly, and preparing a phase change material solution, wherein the concentration of the phase change material is 10wt% to 70wt%;
在一实施例中，所述微胶囊包覆的相变材料质量为10g-70g，所述粘合剂的质量为20g-100g，其中，当相变材料的浓度为70wt％时，所述红外发射率较低；In one embodiment, the mass of the phase change material coated with the microcapsules is 10g-70g, the mass of the binder is 20g-100g, wherein, when the concentration of the phase change material is 70wt%, the infrared low emissivity;
在一实施例中，所述微胶囊包覆的相变材料包括石蜡微胶囊相变材料和脂肪酸类相变材料中的至少一种，其中所述石蜡微胶囊相变材料具有更佳的红外发射率；In one embodiment, the microcapsule-coated phase change material includes at least one of a paraffin microcapsule phase change material and a fatty acid phase change material, wherein the paraffin microcapsule phase change material has better infrared emission Rate;
在一实施例中，所述的粘合剂包括水性聚氨酯和聚偏氟乙烯乳液中的至少一种；In one embodiment, the adhesive includes at least one of aqueous polyurethane and polyvinylidene fluoride emulsion;
(3)将步骤(2)中得到的所述相变材料溶液喷涂到步骤(1)中经等离子处理过的所述等离子处理面料的所述反面，其中，控制喷涂量在20g/㎡-50g/㎡，制备得到喷涂了所述相变材料溶液的第一等离子面料；(3) Spray the phase-change material solution obtained in step (2) to the reverse side of the plasma-treated fabric in step (1), wherein the spraying amount is controlled at 20g/㎡-50g /㎡, the first plasma fabric sprayed with the phase change material solution is prepared;
(4)将电磁波吸收材料进行短切，控制纤维长度为1mm至5mm，得到短切电磁波吸收材料，其中，所述电磁波吸收材料是活性炭纤维与镀镍碳纤维案按质量比1:2-10的混合物；其中，通过控制纤维的长度控制负载牢度及织物厚度；(4) The electromagnetic wave absorbing material is chopped, and the fiber length is controlled to be 1mm to 5mm to obtain the chopped electromagnetic wave absorbing material, wherein the electromagnetic wave absorbing material is activated carbon fiber and nickel-plated carbon fiber in a mass ratio of 1:2-10 Mixtures; where the load fastness and fabric thickness are controlled by controlling the length of the fibers;
(5)通过静电植绒方式将步骤(4)中所述短切电磁波吸收材料垂直负载到步骤(3)中得到的所述喷涂了相变材料的所述第一等离子面料的所述反面，通过烘干得到复合了具有垂直结构的电磁波损耗层的第二等离子面料，其中，所述短切电磁波吸收材料竖立在所述第一等离子面料的所述反面的表面，形成垂直绒面；上述结构具有优异的电磁波吸收性能；(5) vertically loading the chopped electromagnetic wave absorbing material in step (4) to the reverse side of the first plasma fabric sprayed with phase change material obtained in step (3) by means of electrostatic flocking, The second plasma fabric compounded with the electromagnetic wave loss layer with a vertical structure is obtained by drying, wherein the chopped electromagnetic wave absorbing material is erected on the surface of the reverse side of the first plasma fabric to form a vertical suede; the above structure Has excellent electromagnetic wave absorption performance;
在一实施例中，当步骤(5)中烘干温度在80℃以下时，所述通过静电植绒方式将所述短切电磁波吸收材料垂直负载到步骤(3)中得到的所述第一等离子面料的所述反面的步骤中，所述短切电磁波吸收材料的负载量为50g/㎡至200g/㎡，静电植绒电压为30Kv至80Kv，静电通电时间为2秒至10秒；In one embodiment, when the drying temperature in step (5) is below 80°C, the electrostatic flocking method is used to vertically load the chopped electromagnetic wave absorbing material on the first In the step of the reverse side of the plasma fabric, the load capacity of the chopped electromagnetic wave absorbing material is 50g/㎡ to 200g/㎡, the electrostatic flocking voltage is 30Kv to 80Kv, and the electrostatic electrification time is 2 seconds to 10 seconds;
(6)通过低压雾化的方式将步骤(2)得到的所述相变材料溶液喷涂到步骤(5)得到的所述第二等离子面料的所述垂直绒面上，然后在80℃下烘干得到第三等离子面料，其中，喷涂量控制在50g/㎡至100g/㎡；以及(6) Spray the phase change material solution obtained in step (2) onto the vertical suede surface of the second plasma fabric obtained in step (5) by means of low-pressure atomization, and then bake at 80°C Dry to obtain the third plasma fabric, wherein the spraying amount is controlled at 50g/㎡ to 100g/㎡; and
(7)使用50g/㎡的无纺布与步骤(6)得到的所述第三等离子面料进行复合，以得到具有制备多功能隐身材料，所制备的材料具有可见光、红外和雷达隐身功能的所述多功能隐身柔性材料。(7) Use 50g/㎡ non-woven fabric to compound with the third plasma fabric obtained in step (6) to obtain multifunctional stealth material, the prepared material has visible light, infrared and radar stealth functions. The multifunctional stealth flexible material is described.
本申请中的“垂直负载”是指通过静电植绒技术让纤维在织物表面呈竖立状态均匀分布。"Vertical load" in this application means that the fibers are evenly distributed on the surface of the fabric in an upright state through electrostatic flocking technology.
本申请提供的隐身柔性材料，将纤维状电磁波吸收材料以静电植绒的方式形成一个竖立结构的电磁波损耗层，如同尖劈结构材料，一方面可以使电磁波易于进入材料内部进行损耗吸收，另一方面可以增强多重反射损耗。然后采用石蜡相变材料作为红外隐身材料。制备出来面料不仅具有可见光隐身，还兼具红外和雷达隐身。The stealthy flexible material provided by this application uses the fibrous electromagnetic wave absorbing material to form an electromagnetic wave loss layer with a vertical structure in the form of electrostatic flocking, like a wedge structure material, on the one hand, it can make electromagnetic waves easily enter the material for loss absorption, and on the other hand Aspects can enhance multiple reflection loss. Then the paraffin phase change material is used as the infrared stealth material. The prepared fabric has not only visible light stealth, but also infrared and radar stealth.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本申请一实施例的多功能隐身柔性材料的结构图。Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a multifunctional stealth flexible material according to an embodiment of the present application.
图2是本申请一实施例的多功能隐身柔性材料的电磁波损耗原理示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the electromagnetic wave loss principle of the multifunctional stealth flexible material according to an embodiment of the present application.
图3是本申请一实施例中多功能隐身柔性材料的电磁波损耗曲线图。Fig. 3 is a curve diagram of electromagnetic wave loss of a multifunctional stealthy flexible material in an embodiment of the present application.
附图标记：1-可见光防护层、2-雷达和红外防护层、3-无纺布复合层、4-电磁波。Reference signs: 1-visible light protection layer, 2-radar and infrared protection layer, 3-non-woven composite layer, 4-electromagnetic wave.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
基于上述提到的技术问题，发明人发现，需要通过特定的柔性材料结构、改性来解决这些问题。Based on the technical problems mentioned above, the inventors found that it is necessary to solve these problems through specific flexible material structures and modifications.
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明做进一步的详细说明。The present invention will be further described in detail below in combination with specific embodiments.
如图1所示，图1示出的是本申请多功能隐身柔性材料的结构图。该柔性材料包括具有可见光隐身功能的面料1(例如可见光防护层1)、电磁波损耗层2(雷达和红外防护层2)以及无纺布3(例如无纺布复合层3)。其中，雷达和红外防护层2中的短切电磁波吸收纤维材料为竖立结构(垂直结构)。换言之，雷达和红外防护层2中的短切电磁波吸收纤维材料的延伸方向垂直于或大致垂直于雷达和红外防护层2的延伸方向。As shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 1 shows the structural diagram of the multifunctional stealth flexible material of the present application. The flexible material includes a fabric 1 with visible light stealth function (such as a visible light protection layer 1), an electromagnetic wave loss layer 2 (radar and infrared protection layer 2) and a non-woven fabric 3 (such as a non-woven composite layer 3). Wherein, the chopped electromagnetic wave absorbing fiber material in the radar and infrared protection layer 2 has a vertical structure (vertical structure). In other words, the extension direction of the chopped electromagnetic wave absorbing fiber material in the radar and infrared protection layer 2 is perpendicular or approximately perpendicular to the extension direction of the radar and infrared protection layer 2 .
以下实施例所采用的石蜡微胶囊相变材料购自山东领丰塑业有限公司，型号PCM-40。The paraffin microcapsule phase change material used in the following examples was purchased from Shandong Lingfeng Plastic Industry Co., Ltd., model PCM-40.
实施例1Example 1
制备该多功能隐身柔性材料的方法包括以下步骤：The method for preparing the multifunctional stealth flexible material comprises the following steps:
(1)选用具有可见光伪装功能的迷彩面料，然后在面料反面进行等离子处理，提高表面亲水性，其中，所述反面是指与迷彩图案侧相反的一侧；(1) Select a camouflage fabric with visible light camouflage function, then carry out plasma treatment on the reverse side of the fabric to improve surface hydrophilicity, wherein the reverse side refers to the side opposite to the camouflage pattern side;
(2)将10g石蜡微胶囊相变材料加入到100g水性聚氨酯中，然后搅拌均匀，制备浓度为10％的混合溶液；(2) Add 10g of paraffin microcapsule phase change material to 100g of water-based polyurethane, then stir evenly to prepare a mixed solution with a concentration of 10%;
(3)步骤2制备的相变微胶囊溶液喷涂到步骤1面料的等离子处理的一面，喷涂量控制在50g/㎡；(3) The phase-change microcapsule solution prepared in step 2 is sprayed onto the plasma-treated side of the fabric in step 1, and the spraying amount is controlled at 50g/㎡;
(4)将3mm活性炭纤维、5mm镀镍碳纤维进行混合，质量比为1:2，制备电磁波吸收剂；(4) 3mm activated carbon fiber and 5mm nickel-plated carbon fiber are mixed, and the mass ratio is 1:2 to prepare electromagnetic wave absorber;
(5)通过静电植绒方式将电磁波吸收剂负载到S3含胶的一面，然后在80℃下烘干，控制S4上量为50g/㎡，制备具有特殊垂直结构的电磁波损耗层；所述的静电植绒电压为30Kv，通电时间为5秒；(5) Load the electromagnetic wave absorber on the glue-containing side of S3 by electrostatic flocking, then dry it at 80°C, control the amount of S4 to 50g/㎡, and prepare an electromagnetic wave loss layer with a special vertical structure; The electrostatic flocking voltage is 30Kv, and the electrification time is 5 seconds;
(6)通过低压雾化的方式将步骤2制备的相变微胶囊溶液喷涂到静电植绒的绒面，喷涂量为100g/㎡，然后在80℃下进行烘干；(6) Spray the phase-change microcapsule solution prepared in step 2 onto the suede surface of electrostatic flocking by means of low-pressure atomization, the spraying amount is 100g/㎡, and then dry at 80°C;
(7)使用50g/㎡的无纺布与步骤6制备的材料绒面进行复合，制备多功能隐身材料.(7) Use 50g/㎡ non-woven fabric to compound with the material suede prepared in step 6 to prepare a multifunctional stealth material.
通过改变上述步骤中工艺条件，结合实施例1-4，考察工艺参数的变化对结果影响，具体数据如表1所示：By changing the process conditions in the above steps, in conjunction with Examples 1-4, investigate the impact of changes in process parameters on the results, and the specific data are as shown in Table 1:
表1Table 1
Figure PCTCN2021128147-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2021128147-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2021128147-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2021128147-appb-000002
根据实施例1-4的结果，可以理解的是，当相变材料含量增加时红外发射率变低，相变材料的涂覆及负载量的提升可以提高材料的热红外防护性能。According to the results of Examples 1-4, it can be understood that when the content of the phase change material increases, the infrared emissivity becomes lower, and the coating and loading of the phase change material can improve the thermal infrared protection performance of the material.
活性炭纤维及镀镍碳纤维的长短、混合比例及负载量都会影响材料的电磁波损耗性能；活性炭纤维的导电率太高，因此含量过高连成一片会形成导电网致使电磁波反射而不是损耗；同时在保持纤维一定刚度和织物厚度的情况下尽可能增加纤维的长度，静电植绒致使纤维成竖立状态，可以使电磁波在纤维之间多重反射而增加了损耗；电磁波吸收剂活性炭纤维及镀镍纤维过低造成电磁波损耗不足，过高同样会造成电磁波损耗不足。The length, mixing ratio and load of activated carbon fiber and nickel-plated carbon fiber will affect the electromagnetic wave loss performance of the material; the conductivity of activated carbon fiber is too high, so if the content is too high, it will form a conductive network to cause electromagnetic wave reflection instead of loss; while maintaining the fiber Under the condition of a certain rigidity and fabric thickness, increase the length of the fiber as much as possible, and the electrostatic flocking will cause the fiber to stand upright, which can cause multiple reflections of electromagnetic waves between the fibers and increase the loss; the electromagnetic wave absorber activated carbon fiber and nickel-plated fiber are too low. Insufficient electromagnetic wave loss, too high will also cause insufficient electromagnetic wave loss.
通过静电植绒中的电压、时间来控制织物表面纤维负载量，以及通过低压喷雾的方式进行含有相变微胶囊聚氨酯溶液的喷涂，这既是粘合剂，可以使静电植绒的纤维更加牢固，也可以很好地将相变材料镶嵌到纤维间，提高了红外防护性能，低压的方式可以极大的维持纤维的竖立状态。因此本发明通过工艺筛选，确定了最佳工艺条件是实施例4。Control the fiber load on the surface of the fabric through the voltage and time in the electrostatic flocking, and spray the polyurethane solution containing phase-change microcapsules by low-pressure spraying, which is not only an adhesive, but also can make the fibers of the electrostatic flocking stronger It is also possible to embed phase-change materials between fibers well, which improves the infrared protection performance, and the low-pressure method can greatly maintain the erect state of the fibers. Therefore the present invention has determined that optimum process condition is embodiment 4 by process screening.
如图2和3所示，图2示出本申请一实施例提供的多功能隐身柔性材料的电磁波损耗的原理示意图。在本实施例中，所采用的纤维竖立结构有利于电磁波的多重反射进行损耗。As shown in Figures 2 and 3, Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of the principle of electromagnetic wave loss of a multifunctional stealthy flexible material provided by an embodiment of the present application. In this embodiment, the erected fiber structure adopted is beneficial to multiple reflections of electromagnetic waves for loss.
图3示出本申请实施例4中电磁波损耗曲线图。在本实施例中，可见光材料在9-18GHz频率间电磁波损耗＜-10dB，并且最低损耗达到了-18dB。FIG. 3 shows a graph of electromagnetic wave loss in Embodiment 4 of the present application. In this embodiment, the electromagnetic wave loss of the visible light material between 9-18 GHz frequency is <-10dB, and the lowest loss reaches -18dB.
上述具体实施方式不以任何形式限制本发明的技术方案，凡是采用等同替换或等效变换的方式所获得的技术方案均落在本发明的保护范围。The above specific embodiments do not limit the technical solutions of the present invention in any form, and all technical solutions obtained by means of equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims (5)

  1. 一种多功能隐身柔性材料，包括：A multifunctional stealth flexible material, comprising:
    具有可见光隐身功能的面料，所述面料的一面经过等离子处理；Fabric with visible light stealth function, one side of the fabric is treated with plasma;
    电磁波损耗层，所述电磁波损耗层设于所述面料上，且所述电磁波损耗层是一种将纤维状电磁波吸收材料以静电植绒的方式形成的垂直结构；以及An electromagnetic wave loss layer, the electromagnetic wave loss layer is arranged on the fabric, and the electromagnetic wave loss layer is a vertical structure formed by electrostatic flocking of fibrous electromagnetic wave absorbing materials; and
    红外隐身层，所述红外隐身层设于所述电磁波损耗层上；an infrared stealth layer, the infrared stealth layer is arranged on the electromagnetic wave loss layer;
    其中，在所述经过等离子处理的具有可见光隐身功能的面料上，复合所述电磁波损耗层和所述红外隐身层。Wherein, the electromagnetic wave loss layer and the infrared stealth layer are compounded on the plasma-treated fabric with visible light stealth function.
  2. 如权利要求1所述的材料，其中，所述具有可见光隐身功能的面料包括迷彩面料，所述迷彩面料的与经过等离子处理的所述一面相反的一面设有迷彩图案。The material according to claim 1, wherein the fabric with visible light concealment function comprises a camouflage fabric, and a camouflage pattern is provided on the side of the camouflage fabric opposite to the plasma-treated side.
  3. 一种如权利要求1所述的多功能隐身柔性材料的制备方法，包括：A method for preparing a multifunctional stealthy flexible material as claimed in claim 1, comprising:
    (1)提供具有可见光隐身功能的迷彩面料，在所述迷彩面料的反面进行等离子处理，得到等离子处理面料，其中，所述迷彩面料的一面设有迷彩图案，所述迷彩面料的另一面为所述反面；(1) Provide a camouflage fabric with visible light stealth function, carry out plasma treatment on the reverse side of the camouflage fabric, obtain the plasma treatment fabric, wherein, one side of the camouflage fabric is provided with a camouflage pattern, and the other side of the camouflage fabric is the State the opposite;
    (2)将微胶囊包覆的相变材料加入到粘合剂中，搅拌均匀，制备得到相变材料溶液，其中，所述相变材料的浓度为10wt％至70wt％；(2) adding the microcapsule-coated phase change material into the binder, stirring evenly, and preparing a phase change material solution, wherein the concentration of the phase change material is 10wt% to 70wt%;
    (3)将步骤(2)中得到的所述相变材料溶液喷涂到步骤(1)中经等离子处理过的所述等离子处理面料的所述反面，其中，控制喷涂量在20g/㎡至50g/㎡，制备得到喷涂了所述相变材料溶液的第一等离子面料；(3) Spray the phase change material solution obtained in step (2) onto the reverse side of the plasma-treated fabric in step (1), wherein the spraying amount is controlled at 20g/㎡ to 50g /㎡, the first plasma fabric sprayed with the phase change material solution is prepared;
    (4)将电磁波吸收材料进行短切，控制纤维长度为1mm至5mm，得到短切电磁波吸收材料，其中，所述电磁波吸收材料是活性炭纤维与镀镍碳纤维按质量比1:2-10的混合物；(4) The electromagnetic wave absorbing material is chopped, and the fiber length is controlled to be 1mm to 5mm to obtain a chopped electromagnetic wave absorbing material, wherein the electromagnetic wave absorbing material is a mixture of activated carbon fiber and nickel-plated carbon fiber in a mass ratio of 1:2-10 ;
    (5)通过静电植绒方式将步骤(4)中所述短切电磁波吸收材料垂直负载到步骤(3)中得到的所述喷涂了相变材料的所述第一等离子面料的所述反面，通过烘干得到复合了具有垂直结构的电磁波损耗层的第二等离子面料，其中，所述短切电磁波吸收材料竖立在所述第一等离子面料的所述反面的表面，形成垂直绒面；(5) vertically loading the chopped electromagnetic wave absorbing material in step (4) to the reverse side of the first plasma fabric sprayed with phase change material obtained in step (3) by means of electrostatic flocking, Obtaining the second plasma fabric compounded with the electromagnetic wave loss layer having a vertical structure by drying, wherein the chopped electromagnetic wave absorbing material is erected on the surface of the reverse side of the first plasma fabric to form a vertical suede;
    (6)通过低压雾化的方式将步骤(2)得到的所述相变材料溶液喷涂到步骤(5)得到的所述第二等离子面料的所述垂直绒面上，然后在80℃下烘干得到第三等离子面料，其中，喷涂量控制在50g/㎡至100g/㎡；以及(6) Spray the phase change material solution obtained in step (2) onto the vertical suede surface of the second plasma fabric obtained in step (5) by means of low-pressure atomization, and then bake at 80°C Dry to obtain the third plasma fabric, wherein the spraying amount is controlled at 50g/㎡ to 100g/㎡; and
    (7)使用无纺布与步骤(6)得到的所述第三等离子面料进行复合，以得到具有可见光、红外和雷达隐身功能的所述多功能隐身柔性材料。(7) Composite non-woven fabric with the third plasma fabric obtained in step (6) to obtain the multifunctional stealth flexible material with visible light, infrared and radar stealth functions.
  4. 如权利要求3所述的方法，其中，所述微胶囊包覆的相变材料包括石蜡微胶囊相变材料和脂肪酸类相变材料中的至少一种；所述粘合剂包括水性聚氨酯和聚偏氟乙烯乳液中的至少一种。The method according to claim 3, wherein the microcapsule-coated phase change material comprises at least one of paraffin microcapsule phase change material and fatty acid phase change material; At least one of vinylidene fluoride emulsions.
  5. 如权利要求3所述的方法，其中，当步骤(5)中烘干温度在80℃以下时，所述通过静电植绒方式将所述短切电磁波吸收材料垂直负载到步骤(3)中得到的所述第一等离子面料的所述反面的步骤中，所述短切电磁波吸收材料的负载量为50g/㎡至200g/㎡，静电植绒电压为30Kv至80Kv，静电植绒通电时间为2秒至10秒。The method according to claim 3, wherein, when the drying temperature in step (5) is below 80°C, said chopped electromagnetic wave absorbing material is vertically loaded into step (3) by means of electrostatic flocking to obtain In the step of the opposite side of the first plasma fabric, the load capacity of the chopped electromagnetic wave absorbing material is 50g/㎡ to 200g/㎡, the electrostatic flocking voltage is 30Kv to 80Kv, and the electrostatic flocking energization time is 2 seconds to 10 seconds.
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