WO2023026881A1 - 抗pd-1シグナルペプチド抗体とその利用 - Google Patents
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
- C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
- C07K16/2803—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the immunoglobulin superfamily
- C07K16/2818—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the immunoglobulin superfamily against CD28 or CD152
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/46—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
- C07K14/47—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
- C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
- C07K16/2803—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the immunoglobulin superfamily
- C07K16/2827—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the immunoglobulin superfamily against B7 molecules, e.g. CD80, CD86
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/10—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by their source of isolation or production
- C07K2317/14—Specific host cells or culture conditions, e.g. components, pH or temperature
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/40—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by post-translational modification
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/70—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by effect upon binding to a cell or to an antigen
- C07K2317/73—Inducing cell death, e.g. apoptosis, necrosis or inhibition of cell proliferation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/70—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by effect upon binding to a cell or to an antigen
- C07K2317/76—Antagonist effect on antigen, e.g. neutralization or inhibition of binding
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an antibody against the signal peptide of PD-1 (Programmed cell death-1) and its use. It also relates to methods for producing such antibodies.
- PD-1 Programmed cell death-1
- This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2021-136983 filed on August 25, 2021, and the entire contents of that application are incorporated herein by reference. there is
- Immune checkpoint inhibition therapy is known as one of the cancer immunotherapies.
- This therapy uses so-called "immune checkpoint proteins” such as CTLA-4 (Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated antigen-4) and PD-1, which are known as proteins involved in the function of suppressing excessive immune reactions in vivo.
- CTLA-4 Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated antigen-4
- PD-1 proteins involved in the function of suppressing excessive immune reactions in vivo.
- an inhibitor that inhibits the immune response suppression mechanism involving immune checkpoint proteins is used to prevent cancer cells from attacking the immune system (also known as immune escape mechanism). )” and promote the immune system's attack on cancer cells.
- an antibody against PD-1 which is a membrane protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily (anti-PD-1 antibody), or PD-L1 (Programmed cell death-1 ligand- 1: Also called B7-H1.)
- anti-PD-1 antibody a membrane protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily
- PD-L1 Programmed cell death-1 ligand- 1: Also called B7-H1.
- antibodies such as anti-PD-1 antibody and anti-PD-L1 antibody that can be used for immune checkpoint inhibition therapy usually use a partial protein (peptide) of the extracellular region as an antigen. and This could allow the antibody to bind to PD-1 or PD-L1 and inhibit the interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1.
- anti-PD-1 antibodies and anti-PD-L1 antibodies have substantially no or extremely low effect on improving antitumor immune activity. Therefore, there is a demand for the development of a tumor treatment method from a new approach.
- an object of the present invention is to provide an antibody that suppresses the growth of tumor cells.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing such an antibody.
- anti-PD-1sp antibody a new antibody whose antigen is the signal peptide of PD-1 (hereinafter "anti-PD-1sp antibody” ) was manufactured.
- signal peptides are removed before membrane proteins are transported to the cell membrane, so it is speculated that PD-1 present in the cell membrane does not have a signal peptide.
- PD-1 is a protein that is highly expressed in immune cells (eg, T cells), and it is presumed that the expression level of PD-1 in tumor cells is relatively low.
- T cells immune cells
- the anti-PD-1sp antibody is expected to be used as a new approach to suppress the growth of tumor cells.
- the antibody disclosed here is an antibody whose antigen is the PD-1 signal peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence: MQIPQAPWPVVWAVLQLGWRPGW (SEQ ID NO: 1). Antibodies of such a configuration can inhibit cell proliferation of tumor cells.
- the manufacturing method disclosed herein uses the following amino acid sequence: MQIPQAPWPVVWAVLQLGWRPGW (SEQ ID NO: 1)
- a method for producing an antibody using a PD-1 signal peptide as an antigen comprising: a synthetic peptide containing all or part of the above amino acid sequence; It involves providing a conjugate having an attached conjugate-forming polymer and a carrier protein as an antigen, and obtaining an antibody from a non-human mammal immunized with the antigen.
- an anti-PD-1sp antibody capable of suppressing cell proliferation of tumor cells can be produced.
- At least one Cys residue is added to one end of the conjugate-forming polymer that is not bound to the synthetic peptide. and the carrier protein is linked to the Cys residue via a cross-linking agent having a homobifunctional group or a heterobifunctional group.
- the conjugate-forming polymer is polyethylene glycol. Since polyethylene glycol is highly hydrophilic, it can improve the water solubility of the conjugate.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing antibody titers of sera obtained from rabbits immunized with the conjugate of Example 1 as an antigen.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing antibody titers of sera obtained from rabbits immunized with the conjugate of Example 2 as an antigen.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing antibody titers of sera obtained from rabbits immunized with the conjugate of Example 3 as an antigen.
- synthetic peptide means that the peptide chain does not exist independently and stably in nature, but is produced by artificial chemical synthesis or biosynthesis (that is, production based on genetic engineering). and can stably exist in a given system (eg, a composition containing an adjuvant).
- peptide refers to an amino acid polymer having multiple peptide bonds, and is not limited by the number of amino acid residues contained in the peptide chain, but typically the total number of amino acid residues is about 100 or less. (preferably 80 or less, more preferably 70 or less, for example 60 or less).
- amino acid residue as used herein is a term that includes the N-terminal amino acid and C-terminal amino acid of a peptide chain, unless otherwise specified.
- conjugate refers to a product formed by binding two or more of various compounds (e.g., peptides, proteins, polymers, cross-linking agents, etc.) to the composition. It is a subsumed term. In the amino acid sequences described herein, the N-terminal side is always on the left side and the C-terminal side is on the right side.
- tumor is used in a broad sense and refers to general tumors (typically malignant tumors) including carcinomas, sarcomas, and lesions of blood and hematopoietic tissue (leukemia, lymphoma, etc.).
- tumor cells are synonymous with “cancer cells”, and are cells that form such tumors and typically grow abnormally independently of surrounding normal tissues. cells that have become cancerous (so-called cancerous cells). Therefore, unless otherwise specified, any cell classified as a tumor cell (cancer cell) rather than a normal cell is referred to as a tumor cell regardless of the origin or properties of the cell.
- tumor cell refers to an animal to which an antigen is administered for the purpose of producing antibodies.
- the antibody disclosed here is an antibody (anti-PD-1sp antibody) capable of using the signal peptide of human PD-1 as an antigen.
- Human PD-1 is a membrane protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily consisting of 288 amino acid residues.
- PD-1 is an immune checkpoint protein that is abundantly expressed in the cell membrane of immune cells such as T cells, and is a protein involved in the negative control of immune reactions by binding to a ligand (eg, PD-L1). be.
- the full-length sequence of the signal peptide of human PD-1 is a sequence consisting of a total of 23 amino acid residues shown in SEQ ID NO:1.
- Such an amino acid sequence is the 1st to 23rd amino acid sequence of the amino acid sequence that constitutes human PD-1.
- the genetic information and amino acid information of PD-1 can be obtained from databases of various public international organizations. Such databases include, for example, Universal Protein Resource (UniProt).
- the anti-PD-1sp antibody disclosed here can suppress tumor cell proliferation by being added to tumor cells.
- the tumor cell suppressing effect of conventional anti-PD-1 antibodies is typically due to the interaction between PD-1 expressed in immune cells and ligands (e.g. PD-L1) expressed in tumor cells, etc., resulting in immune reactions. It inhibits negative regulation and promotes suppression of tumor cell proliferation by activation of immune cells.
- ligands e.g. PD-L1
- the method for producing an anti-PD-1sp antibody disclosed herein comprises a conjugate comprising a synthetic peptide containing all or part of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, a conjugate-forming polymer, and a carrier protein as an antigen. and obtaining the antibody from a non-human mammal immunized with the antigen.
- a synthetic peptide contained in a conjugate used as an antigen typically consists of an amino acid sequence that constitutes the PD-1 signal peptide shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 (hereinafter also referred to as "PD-1sp sequence").
- the synthetic peptide may partially contain the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, and may be composed of a modified amino acid sequence obtained by modifying the PD-1sp sequence, for example.
- modified amino acid sequences include, for example, amino acid sequences in which 1, 2 or 3 amino acid residues are substituted, deleted or inserted into the PD-1sp sequence.
- the modified amino acid sequence may be an amino acid sequence in which one or more amino acid residues are added to the N-terminal side and/or the C-terminal side of the PD-1sp sequence. Since polyclonal antibodies obtained from immunized animals have various parts of the synthetic peptide as epitopes, antibodies against the PD-1 signal peptide as an antigen can be obtained even with such a modified amino acid sequence.
- the synthetic peptide preferably has a high degree of identity with the PD-1sp sequence.
- the identity is preferably 80% or more, more preferably 85% or more, still more preferably 90% or more, and particularly preferably 95% or more (for example, 100%).
- the term “identity” as used herein has the same general interpretation in the technical field, and means the degree of sequence invariance when two or more sequences are aligned. Identity values can be calculated, for example, using various publicly available programs, such as ClustalW from the National Institute of Genetics and the National Institute of Biotechnology, USA. BLAST or the like provided by the National Information Center (NCBI) can be used. Although not particularly limited, when such a program is used, various conditions related to identity calculation can be used as default values.
- NCBI National Information Center
- the number of amino acid residues constituting the synthetic peptide is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of enhancing identity, it is preferably 25 or less, and may be 24 or less. From the same point of view, the number of amino acid residues constituting the synthetic peptide is preferably 21 or more, more preferably 22 or more, and can be, for example, 23.
- Synthetic peptides can be easily produced according to general chemical synthesis methods. For example, either a conventionally known solid-phase synthesis method or liquid-phase synthesis method may be employed. A solid-phase synthesis method using Boc (t-butyloxycarbonyl) or Fmoc (9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl) as an amino-protecting group is suitable.
- synthetic peptides may be biosynthesized based on genetic engineering techniques. Briefly, a polynucleotide (typically DNA) of a nucleotide sequence (including the ATG initiation codon) encoding the amino acid sequence of the desired synthetic peptide is synthesized. It also includes various regulatory elements (promoters, ribosome binding sites, terminators, enhancers, and various cis-elements that control expression levels) for expressing the synthesized polynucleotide (DNA) and the amino acid sequence in host cells. ) is constructed according to the host cell.
- a polynucleotide typically DNA
- a nucleotide sequence including the ATG initiation codon
- various regulatory elements promoters, ribosome binding sites, terminators, enhancers, and various cis-elements that control expression levels
- this recombinant vector is introduced into a given host cell (eg, yeast, insect cell, plant cell), and the host cell or a tissue or individual containing the cell is cultured under given conditions.
- a given host cell eg, yeast, insect cell, plant cell
- the host cell or a tissue or individual containing the cell is cultured under given conditions.
- the peptide of interest can be expressed and produced in cells.
- the peptide of interest can be obtained by isolating the peptide from the host cell (or in the medium if secreted) and, if necessary, refolding, purification, and the like.
- methods conventionally practiced in the relevant field may be adopted as they are, and such methods themselves are particularly disclosed herein. The detailed description is omitted because it does not characterize the technology to be used.
- a template DNA for a cell-free protein synthesis system i.e., a synthetic gene fragment containing a nucleotide sequence encoding the amino acid sequence of a synthetic peptide
- various compounds necessary for peptide synthesis ATP, RNA polymerase, amino acids, etc.
- ATP ATP, RNA polymerase, amino acids, etc.
- cell-free protein synthesis system for example, a paper by Shimizu et al. (Shimizu et al., Nature Biotechnology, 19, 751-755 (2001)), a paper by Madin et al. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
- a single-stranded or double-stranded polynucleotide containing a nucleotide sequence encoding a synthetic peptide and/or a nucleotide sequence complementary thereto can be easily produced (synthesized) by a conventionally known method. That is, by selecting the codon corresponding to each amino acid residue that constitutes the designed amino acid sequence, the nucleotide sequence corresponding to the amino acid sequence of the synthetic peptide is readily determined and provided. Once the nucleotide sequence is determined, a polynucleotide (single-stranded) corresponding to the desired nucleotide sequence can be easily obtained using a DNA synthesizer or the like.
- polynucleotides may be in the form of DNA or may be in the form of RNA (mRNA, etc.).
- the DNA may be provided double-stranded or single-stranded. When provided as a single strand, it may be the coding strand (sense strand) or it may be the non-coding strand (antisense strand) of complementary sequence thereto.
- the polynucleotides thus obtained can be used as materials for constructing recombinant genes (expression cassettes) for synthetic peptide production in various host cells or in cell-free protein synthesis systems, as described above. can be done.
- a conjugate-forming polymer is added to the N-terminal side or C-terminal side of the synthetic peptide.
- a conjugate-forming polymer a polymer that is generally added to an antigen to be administered to an immunized animal can be used without particular limitation. Examples include hydrophilic polymers, alkyl linkers, nonpeptidic linkers such as aminohexanoyl spacers, and the like. is mentioned. Among these, it is preferable to use a hydrophilic polymer. Synthetic peptides containing all or part of the PD-1sp sequence have a high proportion of hydrophobic amino acid residues and tend to aggregate in aqueous solution. Therefore, precipitation and aggregation of the conjugate can be suppressed by adding a hydrophilic polymer to the synthetic peptide.
- hydrophilic polymer for example, various polyethylene glycol derivatives can be used, and among these, polyethylene glycol (PEG) can be preferably used.
- PEG has low antigenicity and is difficult to be degraded in vivo, and thus has excellent biocompatibility.
- PEG for example, PEG units ( --CH.sub.2 -- CH.sub.2 --O--) repeated from 2 to 24, preferably from 5 to 15, more preferably from 8 to 12, can be used. can be used.
- PEG8 in which 8 PEG units are repeated, can be used.
- a conjugate-forming polymer can be added to a synthetic peptide by a conventionally known method. For example, by preparing a derivative having an amino group at one end and a carboxyl group at the other end of the conjugate-forming polymer, the conjugate-forming polymer can be treated like an amino acid residue. Amide bonds can be made to synthetic peptides by methods (eg, the Fmoc method).
- the ⁇ -amino group on the N-terminal side of the synthetic peptide is preferably acetylated. This makes the synthetic peptide difficult to degrade in vivo.
- the carboxyl group on the C-terminal side of the synthetic peptide is preferably amidated. Thereby, water solubility can be improved.
- the conjugate preferably further comprises a carrier protein. Since the carrier protein can enhance the antigenicity of the conjugate, it can induce an immune response in the immunized animal and promote antibody production.
- the type of carrier protein is not particularly limited. OVA) and the like can be suitably used.
- a carrier protein can be linked to a synthetic peptide or conjugating polymer via a cross-linking agent.
- a cross-linking agent one having a homobifunctional group or a heterobifunctional group that is commonly used for peptide cross-linking can be preferably used.
- Common functional groups possessed by crosslinkers include N-hydroxysuccinimide activated esters (NHS esters), maleimides, azides and iodoacetamides.
- NHS esters can efficiently react with amines at neutral or higher pH to form very stable amide bonds.
- maleimide reacts selectively with SH groups, and is superior to amines in reactivity with SH groups in neutral conditions.
- Suitable cross-linking agents with homobifunctional groups include N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), disuccinimidyl suberate (DSS), bis(sulfosuccinimidyl) suberate ( BS3 ), dithiobis(succinic imidyl propionate) (DSP), dithiobis(sulfosuccinimidyl propionate) (DTSSP), ethylene glycol bis(succinimidyl succinate) (EGS), ethylene glycol bis(sulfosuccinimidyl succinate) (sulfo-EGS), disuccinimidyl tartrate (DST), disulfosuccinimidyl tartrate (sulfo-DST) and the like.
- bis(sulfosuccinimidyl)suberate (BS 3 ) can be preferably used.
- Suitable crosslinkers with heterobifunctional groups also include N-(6-maleimidocaproyloxy)succinimide (EMCS), m-maleimidobenzoyl-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (MBS), succinimidyl 4-[maleimide phenyl]butyrate (SMPB), succinimidyl 4-(maleimidomethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylate (SMCC), N-( ⁇ -maleimidobutyroxy)succinimide ester (GMBS), m-maleimidopropionic acid-N-hydroxy Succinimide ester (MPS), N-succinimidyl (4-iodoacetyl) aminobenzoate (SIAB) and the like can be preferably used.
- EMCS and MBS having NHS ester and maleimide as reactive functional groups can be preferably used.
- a conjugate-forming polymer is added to the N-terminal side or the C-terminal side of the synthetic peptide, and one end of the conjugate-forming polymer binds to the synthetic peptide.
- a Cys residue is added to one end of the free side, and a carrier protein is bound to the Cys residue via a cross-linking agent. Since the PD-1sp sequence does not contain a Cys residue, according to such a configuration, the carrier protein and the added Cys residue are linked by a cross-linking agent having an SH group-selective functional group (e.g., maleimide). can be easily combined.
- a non-human mammal is immunized with the conjugate prepared above as an antigen to obtain an anti-PD-1sp antibody from the immunized non-human mammal.
- mammals to be immunized experimental animals such as guinea pigs, rats, mice, rabbits and sheep are used, and rats, mice and rabbits are suitable for obtaining monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies.
- any administration route such as subcutaneous, intradermal, intraperitoneal, intravenous, intramuscular, etc. may be used, but subcutaneous, intradermal, intraperitoneal, and intravenous injections are preferred. .
- various methods can be used without any particular restrictions on the immunization interval, immunization dose, etc.
- immunization is performed about 2 to 10 times at intervals of 1 to 2 weeks, and about 2 to 7 days after the final immunization.
- a method of collecting a sample from within a living body is often used.
- the amount of antigen to be administered at one time is not limited, it is preferable to use about 25 to 300 ⁇ g per rabbit, for example.
- the conjugate is mixed well with an adjuvant (for example, FCA (Freund's complete adjuvant)) and administered to the immunized animal to proliferate immune cells.
- FCA Fully Freund's complete adjuvant
- the antibody thus obtained is an anti-PD-1sp antibody that can use the PD-1 signal peptide composed of the amino acids shown in SEQ ID NO:1 as an antigen.
- the antibody titer of the obtained antibody to the PD-1 signal peptide can be evaluated, for example, by an ELISA (Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay) method using a microplate on which the PD-1 signal peptide is immobilized.
- a monoclonal antibody whose antigen is the PD-1 signal peptide can be obtained by a known method.
- B cells are harvested from the spleens of mammals immunized with the above conjugates and fused with myeloma cells to produce hybridomas. By screening the prepared hybridomas and selecting hybridomas that produce anti-PD-1sp antibodies, it is possible to obtain monoclonal antibodies with the PD-1 signal peptide as an antigen.
- An anti-PD-1sp antibody can be suitably used as an active ingredient of a composition for suppressing (or inhibiting) the growth of tumor cells (ie, a pharmaceutical antitumor composition such as an antitumor agent).
- the anti-PD-1sp antibody may contain various pharmaceutically (pharmaceutical) acceptable carriers depending on the mode of use, as long as the anti-tumor activity is not lost.
- carriers commonly used in peptide medicines as diluents, excipients and the like can be applied. Water, physiological buffers, and various organic solvents are typical examples, although they may vary depending on the application and form of the antitumor composition.
- secondary ingredients that can be included in the anti-tumor composition include various fillers, extenders, binders, wetting agents, surfactants, dyes, perfumes, and the like.
- Typical forms of antitumor compositions include liquids, suspensions, emulsions, aerosols, foams, granules, powders, tablets, capsules, ointments, aqueous gels and the like.
- compositions (drugs) using the anti-PD-1sp antibody (main component) and various carriers (subcomponents) as materials may follow conventionally known methods. Detailed description will be omitted because it itself does not characterize the technology disclosed herein. Sources of detailed information on prescription include, for example, Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry, edited by Corwin Hansch, published by Pergamon Press (1990). The entire contents of this book are incorporated herein by reference.
- Cells to which the antitumor composition (antitumor peptide) disclosed herein is applied are not particularly limited as long as they are tumor cells (cancer cells), and can be applied to various types of tumor cells that occur in humans. is. Examples include many types of squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma.
- cancer cells such as breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer (non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer), or skin cancer such as melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, neuroblastoma (neuroblastoma) blastoma), retinoblastoma, pheochromocytoma, and other cell tumors.
- the antitumor composition can be used in a manner and dosage according to its form and purpose, like conventional peptide preparations. For example, it can be administered in a desired amount to an affected area (typically malignant tumor tissue) of a patient (ie, living body) by intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal injection as a liquid preparation.
- an affected area typically malignant tumor tissue
- a solid form such as a tablet, or a gel or aqueous jelly form such as an ointment can be directly administered to a predetermined tissue (that is, an affected area such as a tissue or organ containing tumor cells).
- solid forms such as tablets can be administered orally.
- an appropriate amount of the anti-tumor composition disclosed herein may be supplied to the culture medium of the target cultured cells (tissues, etc.) at least once.
- the amount of supply per time and the number of times of supply are not particularly limited because they may vary depending on conditions such as the type of tumor cells to be cultured, cell density (cell density at the start of culture), number of passages, culture conditions, type of medium, and the like.
- the conjugates of Examples 1-3 were synthesized as antigens for immunizing rabbits.
- the structures of the conjugates of Examples 1-3 are shown in Table 1.
- a synthetic peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, PEG8 added to the C-terminal side of the synthetic peptide, and A Cys residue added to the end of the PEG8 was synthesized.
- Such synthesis was carried out according to the manual of the peptide synthesizer.
- PEG8 was bound to an adjacent amino acid via an amide bond.
- the carrier protein keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), and the Cys residue synthesized above are coupled via a cross-linking agent, N-(6-maleimidocaproyloxy)succinimide (EMCS). bottom.
- EMCS N-(6-maleimidocaproyloxy)succinimide
- the conjugate of Example 3 was obtained by changing the amino acid sequence constituting the synthetic peptide to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3 in the method for producing the conjugate of Example 1, and changing the amino group on the N-terminal side of the synthetic peptide to It was produced in the same manner except that it was acetylated. Since the mode of use of the peptide synthesizer itself does not characterize the present disclosure, detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 is the full-length sequence of the full-length signal peptide of human PD-L1.
- amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3 is a partial sequence of the signal peptide of human CTLA-4, and is the amino acid sequence from 4th to 18th of the full-length signal peptide of human CTLA-4 shown in SEQ ID NO: 4. corresponds to
- Antibodies were prepared by administering (immunizing) the obtained conjugate to a Japanese white rabbit as an antigen.
- rabbit blood was collected before and after immunization for evaluation of antibody titer. Specifically, on day 1 (hereinafter, the number of days based on this day will be described), 5 ml of blood was sampled before administration of the conjugate, and pre-immune serum was prepared.
- a composition obtained by mixing 0.2 mg of the above conjugate and an equal volume of FCA was intradermally administered to the above rabbits.
- Antibody titers of pre-immune and post-immune sera were evaluated by ELISA.
- the synthetic peptide portion contained in the conjugate was dissolved in pH 7.2 PBS (Phosphate-Buffered Saline) at 5 ⁇ g/ml, and placed in a microplate (manufactured by NalgeNunc, cat#442404, flat-bottom 96-well). 100 ⁇ l was added to each well and incubated for 2 hours at room temperature.
- pH 7.2 PBS Phosphate-Buffered Saline
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing antibody titers of rabbit sera against the conjugate of Example 1 as an antigen.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing antibody titers of rabbit sera against the conjugate of Example 1 as an antigen.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing antibody titers of rabbit sera against the conjugate of Example 2 as an antigen.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing antibody titers of rabbit sera against the conjugate of Example 3 as an antigen.
- the absorbance exceeds the measurement upper limit of the Immno Reader (when the absorbance exceeds 3.0), the absorbance is indicated as 3.0.
- HeLa cells were suspended in a culture medium so as to be 1 ⁇ 10 4 cells/100 ⁇ L, and 100 ⁇ L of such a suspension was added to each well of a 96-well (well) plate (i.e., 1 ⁇ 10 4 cells /well). After that, it was incubated at 37° C. under 5% CO 2 conditions for about 24 hours. Then, after removing the medium in each well, 90 ⁇ L of 20% antiserum-containing medium or 90 ⁇ L of normal culture medium was added instead, and further incubated at 37° C. under 5% CO 2 conditions for about 24 hours. At this time, in each case, 3 wells were added with the medium containing 20% antiserum, and 3 wells were added with the normal culture medium.
- the system incubated with 20% antiserum-containing medium is called “antiserum (+)", and the system incubated with normal culture medium instead of 20% antiserum-containing medium is called “antiserum (-)”.
- the average absorbance at 450 nm in each system was determined. At this time, the average value was obtained by subtracting the absorbance value at 450 nm in the blank. In each case, the cell viability (%) was obtained by calculating "100 x (average absorbance at 450 nm for antiserum (+))/(average absorbance at 450 nm for antiserum (-))". rice field. Table 2 shows the results.
- the survival rate is much lower than in Examples 2 and 3 when the antiserum of Example 1 is added. That is, it can be seen that the addition of the anti-PD-1sp antibody to tumor cells (HeLa cells) suppresses the growth of tumor cells.
- the anti-PD-1 antibody can be said to have anti-tumor activity (tumor cell growth inhibitory activity).
- the anti-PD-1sp antibodies disclosed herein can suppress (or inhibit) tumor cell proliferation. Therefore, by using an anti-PD-1sp antibody, it is possible to provide an anti-tumor composition (anti-tumor agent) that suppresses the growth of at least one kind of tumor cells.
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Abstract
Description
MQIPQAPWPVVWAVLQLGWRPGW(配列番号1)
で構成されているPD-1のシグナルペプチドを抗原とする抗体の製造方法であって、上記アミノ酸配列の全体又はその一部を含む合成ペプチドと、該合成ペプチドのN末端側またはC末端側に付加されたコンジュゲート形成用ポリマーと、キャリアタンパク質とを有するコンジュゲートを抗原として準備すること、および、上記抗原で免疫した非ヒト哺乳動物から抗体を取得することを包含する。これにより、腫瘍細胞の細胞増殖を抑制し得る抗PD-1sp抗体を製造することができる。
また、本明細書中で引用されている全ての文献の全ての内容は本明細書中に参照として組み入れられている。
ここで「ペプチド」とは、複数のペプチド結合を有するアミノ酸ポリマーを指す用語であり、ペプチド鎖に含まれるアミノ酸残基の数によって限定されないが、典型的には全アミノ酸残基数が概ね100以下(好ましくは80以下、より好ましくは70以下、例えば60以下)のような比較的分子量の小さいものをいう。
また、本明細書において「アミノ酸残基」とは、特に言及する場合を除いて、ペプチド鎖のN末端アミノ酸およびC末端アミノ酸を包含する用語である。
また、本明細書において「コンジュゲート」とは、種々の化合物(例えば、ペプチド、タンパク質、ポリマー、架橋剤等)が2種以上結合することで構成される生成物のことをいい、組成物に包含される用語である。
なお、本明細書中に記載されるアミノ酸配列は、常に左側がN末端側であり右側がC末端側である。
また、本明細書において「免疫動物」とは、抗体を作成する目的で抗原が投与される動物のことをいう。
なお、本明細書において「同一性」とは、当該技術分野における一般的な解釈と同様であり、2以上の配列をアライメントしたときに、これらの配列不変性の程度を意味している。同一性の値は、例えば、種々の公的に利用可能なプログラムを用いて算出することができ、かかるプログラムとしては、例えば、国立遺伝学研究所から提供されているClustalWや、アメリカ国立生物工学情報センター(NCBI)から提供されているBLAST等を使用できる。なお、特に限定されるものではないが、このようなプログラムを用いる場合には、同一性の計算に関与する各種条件をデフォルト値で用いることができる。
一般的な技法によって、この組換えベクターを所定の宿主細胞(例えばイースト、昆虫細胞、植物細胞)に導入し、所定の条件で当該宿主細胞または該細胞を含む組織や個体を培養する。このことにより、目的とするペプチドを細胞内で発現、生産させることができる。そして、宿主細胞(分泌された場合は培地中)からペプチドを単離し、必要に応じてリフォールディング、精製等を行うことによって、目的のペプチドを得ることができる。
なお、組換えベクターの構築方法および構築した組換えベクターの宿主細胞への導入方法等は、当該分野で従来から行われている方法をそのまま採用すればよく、かかる方法自体は特にここで開示される技術を特徴付けるものではないため、詳細な説明は省略する。
こうして得られるポリヌクレオチドは、上述のように、種々の宿主細胞中でまたは無細胞タンパク質合成システムにて、合成ペプチド生産のための組換え遺伝子(発現カセット)を構築するための材料として使用することができる。
免疫する哺乳動物としては、例えば、モルモット、ラット、マウス、ウサギ、ヒツジ等の実験動物が用いられるが、モノクローナル抗体あるいはポリクローナル抗体を得るためには、ラット、マウス、ウサギが好適である。免疫方法は、例えば、皮下、皮内、腹腔内、静脈内、筋肉内等のいずれの投与経路を用いてもよいが、主として、皮下、皮内、腹腔内、静脈内に注入するのが好ましい。また、免疫間隔、免疫量等も特に制限なく種々の方法を用いることが可能であるが、例えば、1~2週間隔で約2~10回免疫し、最終免疫後、約2~7日後に生体内から検体を採取する方法がよく用いられる。また、免疫量は1回に投与する抗原量を限定するものではないが、例えば、ウサギ1羽当たり25~300μg程度を用いることが好ましい。また、特に限定するものではないが、初回の免疫では、コンジュゲートをアジュバント(例えば、FCA(Freund’s complete adjuvant))とよく混合して免疫動物に投与し、免疫細胞を増殖させた後、1~2週間隔で再び該コンジュゲートをアジュバント(例えば、FCAまたはFIA(Freund’s incomplete adjuvant))をよく混合して投与することが好ましい。これにより、モノクローナル抗体またはポリクローナル抗体を含む抗血清を好適に取得することができる。なお、目的のモノクローナル抗体またはポリクローナル抗体の精製は、アフィニティークロマトグラフィー、イオン交換クロマトグラフィー、ゲル濾過法、硫安塩析法等の公知の方法により行うことができる。
抗腫瘍組成物の用途や形態に応じて適宜異なり得るが、典型的には、水、生理学的緩衝液、種々の有機溶媒が挙げられる。適当な濃度のアルコール(エタノール等)水溶液、グリセロール、オリーブ油のような不乾性油であり得る。或いはリポソームであってもよい。また、抗腫瘍組成物に含有させ得る副次的成分としては、種々の充填剤、増量剤、結合剤、付湿剤、表面活性剤、色素、香料等が挙げられる。
抗腫瘍組成物(抗腫瘍剤)の典型的な形態として、液剤、懸濁剤、乳剤、エアロゾル、泡沫剤、顆粒剤、粉末剤、錠剤、カプセル、軟膏、水性ジェル剤等が挙げられる。また、注射等に用いるため、使用直前に生理食塩水又は適当な緩衝液(例えばPBS)等に溶解して薬液を調製するための凍結乾燥物、造粒物とすることもできる。
なお、抗PD-1sp抗体(主成分)及び種々の担体(副成分)を材料にして種々の形態の組成物(薬剤)を調製するプロセス自体は従来公知の方法に準じればよく、かかる製法自体はここで開示される技術を特徴付けるものでもないため詳細な説明は省略する。処方に関する詳細な情報源として、例えばComprehensive Medicinal Chemistry, Corwin Hansch監修, PergamonPress刊(1990)が挙げられる。この書籍の全内容は本明細書中に参照として援用されている。
或いは、生体外(インビトロ)において培養している腫瘍細胞(生体から摘出された細胞塊又は組織又は器官である場合を包含する。)に対し、ここで開示される抗腫瘍組成物の適当量(換言すれば、抗PD-1sp抗体の適当量)を、少なくとも1回、対象とする培養細胞(組織等)の培地に供給するとよい。1回当たりの供給量及び供給回数は、培養する腫瘍細胞の種類、細胞密度(培養開始時の細胞密度)、継代数、培養条件、培地の種類、等の条件によって異なり得るため特に限定されない。
ウサギに免疫するための抗原として、例1~3のコンジュゲートを合成した。例1~3のコンジュゲートの構成を表1に示す。まず、例1のコンジュゲートの製造のために、固相合成法(Fmoc法)により、配列番号1に示すアミノ酸配列からなる合成ペプチドと、該合成ペプチドのC末端側に付加されたPEG8と、該PEG8の末端に付加されたCys残基とを合成した。かかる合成は、ペプチド合成機のマニュアルに従い実施した。なお、PEG8は、一端にカルボキシル基、他端にアミノ基を有する化合物を用いることで、隣接するアミノ酸とアミド結合で結合させた。次に、マレイミド法により、キャリアタンパク質であるキーホールリンペットヘモシアニン(KLH)と上記合成したCys残基とを架橋剤であるN-(6-マレイミドカプロイルオキシ)スクシンイミド(EMCS)を介して結合した。このようにして、例1のコンジュゲートを得た。例2のコンジュゲートは、例1のコンジュゲートの製造方法のうち、合成ペプチドを構成するアミノ酸配列を配列番号2に示すアミノ酸配列に変更したこと以外は同様にすることで製造した。例3のコンジュゲートは、例1のコンジュゲートの製造方法のうち、合成ペプチドを構成するアミノ酸配列を配列番号3に示すアミノ酸配列に変更したこと、および、合成ペプチドのN末端側のアミノ基をアセチル化したこと以外は同様にして製造した。なお、ペプチド合成機の使用態様自体は本開示を特徴づけるものではないため、詳細な説明は省略する。
得られたコンジュゲートを抗原として、日本白色種のウサギに投与(免疫)することにより抗体を作製した。また、抗体価の評価のために免疫前と免疫後にウサギの採血を行った。具体的には、1日目(以下、この日を基準とした日数を記載する)にコンジュゲートを投与する前に5mlの試採血を行い、免疫前血清の調製を行った。また、同日に上記コンジュゲート0.2mgと、等容量のFCAとを混合した組成物を上記ウサギに皮内投与を行った。その後、8日目、15日目に上記コンジュゲート0.2mgと、等容量のFCAとを混合した組成物を上記ウサギに皮内投与を行った。22日目、コンジュゲート0.025mgを上記ウサギに静脈内投与を行った。29日目、上記ウサギから5mlの採血を行い、免疫後血清を調製した。
ELISA法により、免疫前血清および免疫後血清の抗体価を評価した。まず、コンジュゲートに含まれる合成ペプチド部分を5μg/mlとなるようにpH7.2のPBS(Phosphate-Buffered Saline)に溶解し、マイクロプレート(NalgeNunc社製、cat#442404、平底96ウェル)の各ウェルに100μlずつ添加し、室温で2時間インキュベートした。次に、各ウェル中の液を除去後、0.2%Tween-20(Polyoxyethylene(20) Sorbitan Monolaurate、富士フィルム和光純薬株式会社製)を含むPBS(洗浄液)で3回洗浄した。その後、当該洗浄液を各ウェルに添加し、4℃で一晩インキュベートした。インキュベート後、0.05%Tween-20を含むPBS(希釈液)を用いて、免疫前血清、免疫後血清をそれぞれ1000倍、2000倍、4000倍、8000倍、16000倍、32000倍、64000倍、128000倍希釈を行い、各ウェルの上記洗浄液を除去後、各希釈液100μlをそれぞれ別のウェルに添加し、37℃で30分間インキュベートした後、さらに室温で15分間インキュベートした。各ウェルの液を除去後、上記洗浄液で3回洗浄を行い、goat f(ab)’2 anti rabbit IgG’s HRP conjugate(MP Biomedicals,LLC-Cappel Products社製)を上記希釈液で5000倍希釈したものを、各ウェルに100μlずつ添加し、37℃で30分間インキュベートした後、さらに室温で15分間インキュベートした。各ウェルの液を除去後、上記洗浄液で3回洗浄を行い、OPD(O-phenylene diamin、SIGMA社製)10mgをクエン酸-リン酸緩衝液25mlに溶解し過酸化水素5μl添加した基質液を各ウェルに100μlずつ添加した。その後、室温で20分間発色を行い、1Mの硫酸を100μlずつ各ウェルに加えることで発色を停止させた後、Immno Readerを用いて各ウェルの490nmの吸光度を測定した。その結果を図1~3に示す。図1は、例1のコンジュゲートを抗原としたウサギの血清の抗体価を示すグラフである。図2は、例2のコンジュゲートを抗原としたウサギの血清の抗体価を示すグラフである。図3は、例3のコンジュゲートを抗原としたウサギの血清の抗体価を示すグラフである。なお、上記吸光度がImmno Readerの測定上限を超えた場合(上記吸光度が3.0を超えた場合)は吸光度3.0として示している。
上記得られた抗血清の腫瘍細胞に対する増殖抑制効果を評価した。この試験では、腫瘍細胞として、HeLa細胞(ヒト子宮頸がん細胞由来の樹立細胞株)を使用した。HeLa細胞の通常の培養培地として、10%FBS(fetal bovine serum(Hyclone社製))、2mMのL-グルタミン、および、抗生物質(50ユニット/mLのペニシリンG、50μg/mLのストレプトマイシン)を含有したDMEM(Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium(富士フィルム和光純薬株式会社製、Cat No.043-30085)を使用した。
また、抗血清が20vol%となるように抗生物質非含有の培養培地で希釈し、例1~3の20%抗血清含有培地をそれぞれ調製した。
上記約24時間のインキュベーション後、各ウェル内の培地を取り除き、100μLの培養培地を加えた。さらに、各ウェルに発色試薬として「水溶性テトラゾリウム塩(WST-8)」を含有する細胞増殖測定用試薬「Cell Counting Kit-8」((株)同仁化学研究所製品)を10μLずつ添加した。このとき、細胞が播種されていないウェルに培養培地100μLと上記発色試薬10μLとを加えたブランクのウェルを設定した。その後、5%CO2条件下において37℃で1.5時間インキュベートした。そして、各ウェルの450nmにおける吸光度をマイクロプレートリーダーにより測定した。20%抗血清含有培地でインキュベートした系を「抗血清(+)」、20%抗血清含有培地の代わりに通常の培養培地でインキュベートした系を「抗血清(-)」として、各例において、それぞれの系における450nm吸光度の平均値を求めた。このとき、かかる平均値はブランクにおける450nm吸光度の値を引いたものを採用した。また、各例において「100×(抗血清(+)における450nm吸光度の平均値)/(抗血清(-)における450nm吸光度の平均値)」を求めることで、細胞の生存率(%)を求めた。結果を表2に示す。
これは、従来の抗PD-1抗体が、免疫細胞(例えばT細胞)に発現しているPD-1と、腫瘍細胞に発現しているPD-L1との相互作用を阻害(例えばPD-1とPD-L1との結合阻害)することで、抗腫瘍活性を発揮していたのに対し、ここで開示される抗PD-1sp抗体は、免疫細胞が存在しなくとも、腫瘍細胞に添加することで抗腫瘍活性を発揮できるという驚くべき結果といえる。
Claims (4)
- 以下のアミノ酸配列:
MQIPQAPWPVVWAVLQLGWRPGW(配列番号1)
で構成されているPD-1(Programmed cell death-1)のシグナルペプチドを抗原とする抗体。 - 以下のアミノ酸配列:
MQIPQAPWPVVWAVLQLGWRPGW(配列番号1)
で構成されているPD-1(Programmed cell death-1)のシグナルペプチドを抗原とする抗体の製造方法であって、
前記アミノ酸配列の全体又はその一部を含む合成ペプチドと、該合成ペプチドのN末端側またはC末端側に付加されたコンジュゲート形成用ポリマーと、キャリアタンパク質とを有するコンジュゲートを抗原として準備すること、および、
前記抗原で免疫した非ヒト哺乳動物から抗体を取得すること
を包含する、製造方法。 - 前記コンジュゲート形成用ポリマーの前記合成ペプチドと結合していない一端には、少なくとも1つのCys残基が付加されており、該Cys残基にホモ二官能性基またはヘテロ二官能性基を有する架橋剤を介して前記キャリアタンパク質が連結されている、請求項2に記載の製造方法。
- 前記コンジュゲート形成用ポリマーが、ポリエチレングリコールである、請求項2または3に記載の製造方法。
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