WO2023025115A1 - 2-氨基-3-甲基己酸在促进植物生长和增产上的应用 - Google Patents
2-氨基-3-甲基己酸在促进植物生长和增产上的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/44—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a nitrogen atom attached to the same carbon skeleton by a single or double bond, this nitrogen atom not being a member of a derivative or of a thio analogue of a carboxylic group, e.g. amino-carboxylic acids
Definitions
- the invention belongs to the field of agricultural biological pesticides and relates to the application of 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid in promoting plant growth and increasing production.
- Plant growth substances mainly include plant hormones and growth regulators.
- Plant growth regulators refer to artificially synthesized or extracted compounds with natural plant hormone physiological activities, which can be used to regulate or control certain processes of plant growth and development, such as cell division and elongation, tissue and organ differentiation, seed dormancy and germination, Flowering and fruiting, maturity and aging, etc., to promote or inhibit seed germination, plant growth, fruit ripening, flower preservation or fruit thinning, improve plant immunity, help plants resist adverse environments, reduce diseases, and increase crop yields , Improve crop quality and other purposes. Because of its significant and efficient regulating effect, it has been widely used in various aspects such as grain, fruit trees, forest trees, vegetables, and flowers. At present, my country has become one of the countries where plant growth regulators are widely used in the world.
- Plant growth regulators play a huge role in regulating crop growth, solve many problems that cannot be solved by traditional agronomic means, and make important contributions to my country's agricultural production and development.
- plant growth regulators are one of the pesticides, and they also have certain toxicity. Food safety problems caused by blind and excessive use of plant growth regulators still exist widely, and the international standards for the residue limit of plant growth regulators are becoming stricter . Therefore, it is particularly important to develop plant growth regulators with low toxicity, high efficiency and environmental friendliness.
- 2-Amino-3-methylhexanoic acid (MIA)
- the experimental formula is C 7 H 15 NO 2
- the molecular weight is 145 g/mole
- it is a new type of amino acid compound
- it is a colorless transparent crystal.
- a total of 5 papers have been reported on the biological source and activity of this compound.
- Sugiura et al. isolated 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid from the ⁇ -aminobutyrate-resistant mutant of Serratia marcescens, and found that it was composed of isoleucine- Valine biosynthetic pathway enzymes are synthesized via alpha-levulinic acid.
- 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid might inhibit the biosynthesis of isoleucine.
- Biological activity research shows that 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid has obvious inhibitory effect on Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli K-12, and has obvious inhibitory effect on Lactobacillus butyricum (Achromobacter butyri ), Arthrobacter urea (A.ureafaciens), Escherichia coli B (E.coli B) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) have slight inhibitory effect, but to Aerobacter aerogenes (Aerobacter aerogenes), Brevibacterium flavum (Brevibacterium helvolum), Pseudomonas fluorescens (P.fluorescens) and Serratia marcescens (S.marcescens) had no inhibitory effect.
- 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid can effectively inhibit the occurrence and spread of viruses, fungi and bacteria on plant leaves;
- 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid can effectively alleviate the damage caused by high temperature, low temperature, drought and salinity to plants; in terms of improving quality, 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid
- Caproic acid can increase the content of amino acids such as theanine in tea; patents 202011549486.6 and 202110795699.5 have been applied for. So far, there are very few studies on 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid.
- the object of the present invention is to provide the application of 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid as a growth regulator to promote plant growth and increase production, aiming at the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art.
- the plants are selected from food crops, vegetables and fruits.
- the food crops are preferably rice, the vegetables are preferably cucumbers, tomatoes and peppers, and the fruits are preferably strawberries.
- the natural product 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid isolated from the phytopathogenic fungus Alternaria is used to soak seeds to promote the growth of plant seedlings.
- the details and embodiments are as follows: in the range of 10-1000nM concentration, it can Effectively promote the growth of rice seedlings.
- 2-Amino-3-methylhexanoic acid is used to promote the rooting method of cucumber seedlings, which can significantly promote the growth of cucumber seedlings in the range of concentration 10-1000nM, using hydroponics to treat cucumber seedlings; especially when the concentration is 100nM , Compared with the blank control, the root length and the number of lateral roots of cucumber increased by 199% and 241%, respectively.
- the method that 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid is used to promote the growth of plant seedlings adopts the method of stem and leaf treatment to spray strawberries , tomato and pepper seedlings can significantly promote the development of the above-mentioned plant seedlings. After 9 days of medication, the growth of the plants was investigated, and it was found that the treatment of 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid significantly increased the plant height, root length and root fresh weight.
- the method that 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid is used to promote the growth and fruit bearing of strawberries it is in the range of concentration 100-1000nM (addition volume percentage is the surfactant Tween 20 of 0.02%), adopts the mode of stem and leaf treatment to spray Applying strawberry plants can significantly promote the growth and fruit bearing of strawberries.
- the treatment concentration was 1000nM
- the plant height, leaf number and leaf width of strawberry increased by 49%, 79% and 32% respectively
- the chlorophyll content increased by 21%
- the number and quality of fruit per plant increased by 39%, 44% respectively. %.
- 2-Amino-3-methylhexanoic acid is a natural product with a simple structure and easy industrial production. Since the present invention confirms that 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid can promote plant growth, it has the potential to be developed into a natural plant growth regulator.
- 2-Amino-3-methylhexanoic acid is a natural product with a low dosage, is environmentally friendly, and has a significant promoting effect on plant growth. Therefore, it is a green and efficient biological source plant growth regulator, which indicates that this type of substance is widely used in agriculture. Production utilization value and application prospect.
- the present invention finds that 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid can promote the growth and development of plants by soaking seeds and treating stems and leaves.
- 2-Amino-3-methylhexanoic acid is easy to use, solves production problems that cannot be solved by traditional agronomy, and saves production costs.
- 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid is a naturally occurring metabolite with simple structure and belongs to ⁇ -amino acid, it has high environmental and biological safety and belongs to the category of green and efficient biochemical pesticides.
- Fig. 1 Effect of soaking seeds with different concentrations of 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid on the growth of rice seedlings.
- Fig. 2 Effects of hydroponic treatments of different concentrations of 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid on rooting of cucumber seedlings.
- Fig. 3 The effect of 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid stem and leaf treatment on the growth of strawberry seedlings.
- Fig. 4 The effect of 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid stem and leaf treatment on the growth of tomato seedlings.
- Fig. 5 The effect of 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid stem and leaf treatment on the growth of pepper seedlings.
- Fig. 6 Field application effect diagram of the effect of different concentrations of 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid stem and leaf treatments on strawberry growth.
- the substantive features of the present invention can be realized from the following embodiments and examples, but these should not be regarded as any limitation to the invention.
- Embodiment 1 The influence of 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid soaking on the growth of rice seedlings
- Rinse the rice seeds (the variety is "Dengliangyou 2108") with distilled water, disinfect with 75% alcohol for 3 minutes, wash with distilled water for 3 times, and then use NaClO (5%) to disinfect the rice seeds for about 10 minutes. Rinse well with distilled water, and then use a clean filter paper to absorb the remaining water on the surface of the seeds until the surface is dry. Select 50g (grams) of healthy, plump and uniform seeds and place them in a 100mL (milliliter) Erlenmeyer flask.
- Chl a (12.71A 663 -2.59A 645 ) ⁇ n ⁇ (v/m)
- Chl b (22.88A 645 -4.67A 663 ) ⁇ n ⁇ (v/m)
- Chl t (8.04A 663 +20.29A 645 ) ⁇ n ⁇ (v/m)
- Chl a , Chl b , Chl t are respectively chlorophyll a, b and the total concentration of chlorophyll (mg/gFW); n is the dilution factor; v is the volume of the extract (L); m is the weight of the leaf (g ); A 663 , A 645 are absorbance values at 663 and 645 nm, respectively.
- Example 3 Effects of 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid stem and leaf treatment on the growth of strawberry, tomato and pepper seedlings
- Example 4 Effect of 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid stem and leaf treatment on the growth of mature strawberry plants
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明公开了2-氨基-3-甲基己酸在促进植物生长和增产上的应用。2-氨基-3-甲基己酸在促进植物幼苗生长和/或促进成熟植株生长和增产的应用。2-氨基-3-甲基己酸是一种天然产物，结构简单，易于工业化生产。由于本发明确认了2-氨基-3-甲基己酸能促进植物生长，具有开发成天然植物生长调节剂的潜力。2-氨基-3-甲基己酸为天然产物，用量低，对环境友好，对植物生长有显著的促进作用，因而是绿色高效的生物源植物生长调节剂，这指明了这类物质在农业生产上的利用价值和应用前景。
Description
本发明属于农业生物农药领域，涉及2-氨基-3-甲基己酸在促进植物生长和增产上的应用。
植物的生长发育不但需要光、水分、营养物质等资源的供应，而且还受到生长物质的调控。植物生长物质主要包括植物激素与生长调节剂两大类。植物生长调节剂是指人工合成或提取的具有天然植物激素生理活性的化合物，可用于调节或控制植物生长发育的某些过程，如细胞分裂与伸长、组织与器官分化、种子休眠与萌发、开花与结实、成熟与衰老等，以达到促进或抑制种子萌发、植物生长、果实成熟、保花保果或疏花疏果、提高植物免疫力、帮助植物抵抗不良环境、减轻病害、增加作物产量、改善作物品质等目的。因其显著、高效的调节效应，已被广泛地应用于粮食、果树、林木、蔬菜、花卉等各个方面。目前我国已成为世界上植物生长调节剂应用最广泛的国家之一。
植物生长调节剂在调控作物生长方面发挥了巨大的作用，解决了诸多传统农艺手段无法解决的问题，为我国农业生产和发展做出了重要的贡献，已经成为农业增产、提质和增效的主要措施之一。但植物生长调节剂属于农药中的一种，也具有一定毒性，盲目、过量使用植物生长调节剂所引起的食品安全问题仍然广泛存在，国际上对于植物生长调节剂残留限量标准也越来越严格。因此，开发低毒、高效、环境友好型的植物生长调节剂尤为重要。
2-氨基-3-甲基己酸(MIA)，实验式为C
7H
15NO
2，分子量145克/摩尔，属于新型氨基酸类化合物，为无色透明晶体。关于该化合物生物来源和活性的报道共有5篇论文。在1981年，Sugiura等从粘质沙雷细菌(Serratia marcescens)的α-氨基丁酸酯抗性突变体中分离得到2-氨基-3-甲基己酸，发现它是由异亮氨酸-缬氨酸生物合成途径酶经由α-酮戊酸合成的。1985年该团队又推测2-氨基-3-甲基己酸可能抑制异亮氨酸生物合成。生物活性研究表明，2-氨基-3-甲基己酸对枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、大肠杆菌K-12(Escherichia coli K-12)有明显的抑制作用，对丁酸牛乳杆菌(Achromobacter butyri)、产脲节杆菌(A.ureafaciens)、大肠杆菌B(E.coli B)和绿脓假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)有轻微抑制作用，但对产气杆菌(Aerobacter aerogenes)、黄色短杆菌(Brevibacterium helvolum)、荧光假单胞菌(P.fluorescens)和粘质沙雷氏菌(S.marcescens)没有抑制作用。此外，2002年Muramatsu等发现生产水蛭素类似物的 大肠杆菌工程菌能够合成2-氨基-3-甲基己酸，但未对其活性进行研究。2018年，申请人实验室建立了2-氨基-3-甲基己酸的化学合成方法，并申请了专利201810359759.7。
最近，我们从链格孢菌(Alternata sp.)中成功分离、纯化得到2-氨基-3-甲基己酸，该菌是自然界中广泛存在的主要腐生型植物病原真菌之一。这也是首次发现天然野生型微生物能够产生2-氨基-3-甲基己酸，且具有较高的含量。我们对其植物免疫、诱抗活性进行了系统的研究，发现在抵抗生物胁迫方面，2-氨基-3-甲基己酸其能有效抑制病毒、真菌和细菌在植物叶片上的发生与扩散；在诱导植物抗非生物胁迫方面，2-氨基-3-甲基己酸能有效缓解高温、低温、干旱和盐渍对植物的造成的伤害；在提高品质方面，2-氨基-3-甲基己酸能提高茶叶的茶氨酸等氨基酸的含量；已申请专利202011549486.6和202110795699.5。截至目前，关于2-氨基-3-甲基己酸的研究极少，除了我们申请的3个专利外，其余研究都聚焦在细菌突变体或重组工程细菌(非天然微生物)合成该物质的生物合成途径及直接抑制细菌活性方面，没有涉及植物生长调节剂方面的相关研究、报道和专利，这正是本专利的创新性所在。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术的上述不足，提供2-氨基-3-甲基己酸作为生长调节剂促进植物生长和增产的应用。
本发明的目的可通过以下技术方案实现：
2-氨基-3-甲基己酸在促进植物幼苗生长和/或促进成熟植株生长和增产的应用。
2-氨基-3-甲基己酸通过浸种的方式促进植物幼苗生长的应用。
2-氨基-3-甲基己酸通过水培处理促进植物幼苗根系的发生和生长的应用。
2-氨基-3-甲基己酸通过茎叶处理促进植物幼苗生长的应用。
2-氨基-3-甲基己酸通过茎叶处理促进成熟植株生长和增产的应用。
所述的植物，选自粮食作物、蔬菜和水果。所述的粮食作物优选水稻，所述的蔬菜优选黄瓜、番茄和辣椒，所述的水果优选草莓。
2-氨基-3-甲基己酸在制备植物生长调节剂中的应用。
2-氨基-3-甲基己酸的已有的相关研究并未涉及植物生长调节剂领域的报道。我国是植物生长调节剂的应用大国之一，随着公众对食品安全和健康的日益重视，开发低毒、高效、环境友好型的植物生长调节剂尤为重要。因此，发展天然植物生长调节剂，并推动其产业化，对于保障食品安全、提高农产品竞争力具有重要的意义。2-氨基-3-甲基己酸在促进植物生长的相关实验中表现良好，能够促进植物生长并提高产量。
由植物致病真菌链格孢菌中分离的天然产物2-氨基-3-甲基己酸用于浸种促进植物幼苗生长的方法，其详细内容和实施方案如下：在10-1000nM浓度范围，可有效促进水稻幼苗的生长。
2-氨基-3-甲基己酸用于促进黄瓜幼苗生根的方法，其在浓度10-1000nM范围，采用水培的方式处理黄瓜幼苗，能够显著促进黄瓜幼苗生长；尤其是在浓度为100nM时，与空白对照相比黄瓜的根长和侧根数分别提高了199％和241％。
2-氨基-3-甲基己酸用于促进植物幼苗生长的方法，在10-1000nM的浓度范围(加入体积百分比为0.02％的表面活性剂吐温20)采用茎叶处理的方式喷施草莓、番茄和辣椒幼苗能够显著促进上述植物幼苗的发育。用药9天后调查植株的长势，发现2-氨基-3-甲基己酸处理使株高、根长和根鲜重均显著增加。
2-氨基-3-甲基己酸用于促进草莓生长和挂果的方法，其在浓度100-1000nM范围(加入体积百分比为0.02％的表面活性剂吐温20)，采用茎叶处理的方式喷施草莓植株，能够显著促进促进草莓生长和挂果。尤其是在处理浓度为1000nM时，草莓的株高、叶片数和叶宽分别提高了49％、79％和32％，叶绿素含量上升21％，单株果实数量和质量分别增加了39％、44％。
技术先进性和有益效果
本发明的主要优点和积极效果如下：
2-氨基-3-甲基己酸是一种天然产物，结构简单，易于工业化生产。由于本发明确认了2-氨基-3-甲基己酸能促进植物生长，具有开发成天然植物生长调节剂的潜力。
2-氨基-3-甲基己酸为天然产物，用量低，对环境友好，对植物生长有显著的促进作用，因而是绿色高效的生物源植物生长调节剂，这指明了这类物质在农业生产上的利用价值和应用前景。
本发明发现了2-氨基-3-甲基己酸做浸种处理和茎叶处理可以促进植物的生长发育。2-氨基-3-甲基己酸使用方便，解决了传统农艺无法解决的生产问题，节约生产成本。此外，由于2- 氨基-3-甲基己酸是天然存在的一种结构简单的代谢产物，属于α-氨基酸，具有很高的环境和生物安全性，属于绿色、高效的生物化学农药范畴。
图1不同浓度2-氨基-3-甲基己酸浸种对水稻幼苗生长的影响。
图2不同浓度2-氨基-3-甲基己酸水培处理对黄瓜幼苗生根的影响。
图3 2-氨基-3-甲基己酸茎叶处理对草莓幼苗生长的影响。
图4 2-氨基-3-甲基己酸茎叶处理对番茄幼苗生长的影响。
图5 2-氨基-3-甲基己酸茎叶处理对辣椒幼苗生长的影响。
图6不同浓度2-氨基-3-甲基己酸茎叶处理对草莓生长影响的大田应用效果图。
发明人对2-氨基-3-甲基己酸进行了生物活性、适用范围及作物安全性研究，发现该物质在调控作物生长方面也有非常独特的作用，并且具有环境友好、适用性广、使用安全等优点，为天然植物生长调节剂，具备开发为生物农药的潜力。本发明的实质性特点可以从下述的实施方案和实施例中得以体现，但这些不应视为是对发明的任何限制。
实施例1：2-氨基-3-甲基己酸浸种对水稻幼苗生长的影响
将水稻种子(品种为“登两优2108”)用蒸馏水冲洗干净，用75％酒精消毒3分钟，用蒸馏水清洗3次，再用NaClO(5％)对水稻种子进行消毒约10分钟，取出后用蒸馏水冲洗干净，然后使用干净清洁的滤纸吸取种子表面残留的水分，直至表面干爽。挑选健康饱满均一的种子50g(克)，放置于100mL(毫升)锥形瓶中。每瓶分别添加浓度为0、10、100和1000nM的2-氨基-3-甲基己酸水溶液50mL，室温浸泡5天后取出，分别选取100粒萌发状态一致的供试的水稻种子，均匀播于水稻育秧盘中，用无菌营养土覆盖，将秧盘置于28℃培养室中，待水稻幼苗3叶1心时，分别测量幼苗的株高、根长、根鲜重与地上部分鲜重。
准确剪取上述水稻叶片0.1g，用于测定叶绿素含量。用丙酮乙醇(80％丙酮：95％乙醇，体积比1:1)提取液10mL避光浸提24小时。以提取液为参比溶液，将叶绿素提取原液稀释3倍，用分光光度计测定645和663nm波长光密度值，叶绿素含量用Arnon法的修正公式计算。结果见表1和图1。
Chl
a＝(12.71A
663-2.59A
645)×n×(v/m)
Chl
b＝(22.88A
645-4.67A
663)×n×(v/m)
Chl
t＝(8.04A
663+20.29A
645)×n×(v/m)
式中，Chl
a、Chl
b、Chl
t分别为叶绿素a、b及叶绿素总量浓度(mg/gFW)；n为稀释倍数；v为提取液体积(L)；m为称取叶片质量(g)；A
663、A
645分别为663和645nm吸光度值。
表1 不同浓度2-氨基-3-甲基己酸浸种对水稻幼苗生长的影响
表1和图1结果表明，10nM-1000nM不同浓度的2-氨基-3-甲基己酸均能够有效促进水稻幼苗的生长，水稻幼苗的株高、根长、根鲜重和叶绿素含量均显著高于对照组。当浓度分别为10nM、100nM和1000nM时，与空白对照相比株高分别提高了9％、29％和13％，根长分别提高了14％、27％和14％，根鲜重分别提高了18％、109％和58％，叶绿素含量分别提高了31％、39％和32％。其中浓度100nM时效果最佳。
实施例2：2-氨基-3-甲基己酸对黄瓜幼苗生根的影响
为了进一步研究2-氨基-3-甲基己酸对植物根生长的促进作用，一个研究根发生的模式系统—去胚根的黄瓜幼苗体系被选用。在苗盒底部平铺四层湿润的纱布，挑选健康形态饱满、大小均一的黄瓜种子(品种为“初夏秋冠”，山东宁阳县鲁明种子有限公司)，用蒸馏水冲洗干净后均匀的撒在纱布上，再用湿润的四层纱布盖上用于避光。在25℃培养室中避光24小时后，取出萌芽的黄瓜种子，埋入土壤下1cm处，3天后，取长势一致，两片子叶完全舒展开的植株若干，用蒸馏水将根部冲洗干净，剪去胚根，用海绵条固定植株，放置于离心管盒中。每盒分别添加浓度为0、10、100和1000nM的2-氨基-3-甲基己酸水溶液400mL。将水培的植株放于25℃培养室，光照培养6天后，取出测量和记录根长和新根发生数。
表2 不同浓度2-氨基-3-甲基己酸对黄瓜幼苗生根的影响
由表2和图2可知，10nM-1000nM不同浓度的2-氨基-3-甲基己酸均能够有效促进黄瓜幼苗的生长，其中100nM2-氨基-3-甲基己酸处理的效果最佳。在浓度为10nM、100nM和1000nM时，与空白对照相比黄瓜的根长分别提高了33％、199％和154％；根发生数分别提高了182％、241％和153％。结果说明2-氨基-3-甲基己酸能够显著促进黄瓜幼苗的根系的发生和生长。
实施例3：2-氨基-3-甲基己酸茎叶处理对草莓、番茄和辣椒幼苗生长的影响
2021年在江苏省张家港市长山香名扬家庭农场(标准温室苗圃基地)进行试验，供试草莓品种为红颜，番茄品种为千禧，辣椒品种为苏椒5号。取2-氨基-3-甲基己酸用蒸馏水溶解后再用蒸馏水稀释成100nM即14.5μg/L(微克/升)的溶液，另设空白对照，同时加入0.02％吐温20作为表面活性剂和浓度为37.5μg/L的14-羟基芸苔素甾醇(四川新朝阳公司)为对照药剂。每个处理设三次重复，小区面积20m
2，每个小区的喷液量为1L。处理的方法为叶面喷施，于用药后的第9天进行调查，结果见表3-表5和图3-图5。
表3 2-氨基-3-甲基己酸茎叶处理对草莓幼苗生长的影响
表3和图3结果表明2-氨基-3-甲基己酸茎叶喷雾处理与空白对照相比能够显著提高草莓幼苗的株高，根长和根鲜重。当2-氨基-3-甲基己酸用量为14.5μg/L时，与空白对照相比(清水+0.02％吐温20)株高、根长和根鲜重分别增加了31％、23％和70％，与用量为37.5μg/L的14-羟基芸苔素甾醇相比株高、根长和根鲜重分别增加了7％、24％和65％。
表4 2-氨基-3-甲基己酸茎叶处理对番茄幼苗生长的影响
表4和图4结果表明2-氨基-3-甲基己酸茎叶喷雾处理与空白对照相比能够显著提高番茄幼苗的株高，根长和根鲜重。当2-氨基-3-甲基己酸用量为14.5μg/L时，与空白对照相比(清水+0.02％吐温20)株高、根长和根鲜重分别增加了84％、38％和232％；与用量为37.5μg/L的14-羟基芸苔素甾醇相比株高、根长和根鲜重分别增加了76％、18％和16％。
表5 2-氨基-3-甲基己酸茎叶处理对辣椒幼苗生长的影响
表5和图5结果表明2-氨基-3-甲基己酸茎叶喷雾处理与空白对照相比能够显著提高辣椒幼苗的株高，根长和根鲜重。当2-氨基-3-甲基己酸用量为14.5μg/L时，与空白对照相比(清水+0.02％吐温20)株高、根长和根鲜重分别增加了60％、46％和49％；与用量为37.5μg/L的14-羟基芸苔素甾醇相比株高、根长和根鲜重分别增加了37％、7％和35％。综合上述结果，2-氨基-3-甲基己酸能够有效促进植物幼苗的生长。
实施例4：2-氨基-3-甲基己酸茎叶处理对成熟草莓植株生长的影响
2021年2月27日在江苏省句容市白兔镇农场温室大棚进行试验，供试草莓品种为红颜。取2-氨基-3-甲基己酸用蒸馏水溶解后再用蒸馏水梯度稀释成1000nM和100nM的溶液，另设空白对照，同时加入0.02％吐温20作为表面活性剂。每个处理设三次重复，小区面积100m
2，每个小区的喷液量为4.5L。分别于2021年2月27日，3月3日和3月8日进行三次田间用药，处理的方法为叶面喷施，于3月8日进行调查，株高、叶片数、叶片宽、单株结果数和单株果实质量，同时剪取0.2g草莓叶片用于叶绿素含量测定，具体测定方法见实例1，结果见表6-7和图6。
表6 不同浓度2-氨基-3-甲基己酸茎叶处理对草莓生长的影响
由表6和图6可知，随着2-氨基-3-甲基己酸茎叶喷雾处理浓度的上升，对草莓植株生长的促进作用提高。与空白对照相比，1000nM 2-氨基-3-甲基己酸处理后草莓植株的株高、叶片数、叶宽和叶绿素含量分别提高了49％、79％、32％和21％。
表7 不同浓度2-氨基-3-甲基己酸茎叶处理对草莓产量性状的影响
由表7可知，随着2-氨基-3-甲基己酸茎叶喷雾处理浓度的上升草莓单株果实数和果实数量提高。与空白对照相比，1000nM 2-氨基-3-甲基己酸处理后草莓的单株结实数和质量分别增加39％和44％。结果说明2-氨基-3-甲基己酸能够显著促进草莓植株的生长，提高叶绿素含量，增加草莓的座果率和产量。
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Claims (9)
- 2‐氨基‐3‐甲基己酸在促进植物幼苗生长和/或促进成熟植株生长和增产的应用。
- 根据权利要求1所述的应用，其特征在于，2‐氨基‐3‐甲基己酸通过水培处理促进植物幼苗根系的发生和生长的应用。
- 根据权利要求1所述的应用，其特征在于，2‐氨基‐3‐甲基己酸通过茎叶处理促进植物幼苗生长的应用。
- 根据权利要求1所述的应用，其特征在于，2‐氨基‐3‐甲基己酸通过茎叶处理促进成熟植株生长和增产的应用。
- 根据权利要求1～4中任一项所述的应用，其特征在于，所述的植物选自粮食作物、蔬菜和水果。
- 根据权利要求5所述的应用，其特征在于，所述的粮食作物为水稻。
- 根据权利要求5所述的应用，其特征在于，所述的蔬菜为黄瓜、番茄或辣椒。
- 根据权利要求5所述的应用，其特征在于，所述的水果为草莓。
- 2‐氨基‐3‐甲基己酸在制备促进植物幼苗生长和/或促进成熟植株生长和增产的植物生长调节剂中的应用。
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