WO2023024308A1 - 一种105℃耐扭风能电缆的制造方法及电缆 - Google Patents

一种105℃耐扭风能电缆的制造方法及电缆 Download PDF

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WO2023024308A1
WO2023024308A1 PCT/CN2021/134505 CN2021134505W WO2023024308A1 WO 2023024308 A1 WO2023024308 A1 WO 2023024308A1 CN 2021134505 W CN2021134505 W CN 2021134505W WO 2023024308 A1 WO2023024308 A1 WO 2023024308A1
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zone
layer
conductor
cable
outer diameter
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PCT/CN2021/134505
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李斌
朱斌
陈熙
王梦娜
王力
朱瑜
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江苏上上电缆集团有限公司
江苏上上电缆集团新材料有限公司
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Publication of WO2023024308A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023024308A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/02—Disposition of insulation
    • H01B7/0275—Disposition of insulation comprising one or more extruded layers of insulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H01B13/02—Stranding-up
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H01B13/06—Insulating conductors or cables
    • H01B13/14—Insulating conductors or cables by extrusion
    • H01B13/148—Selection of the insulating material therefor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H01B13/22—Sheathing; Armouring; Screening; Applying other protective layers
    • H01B13/24—Sheathing; Armouring; Screening; Applying other protective layers by extrusion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H01B13/22—Sheathing; Armouring; Screening; Applying other protective layers
    • H01B13/26—Sheathing; Armouring; Screening; Applying other protective layers by winding, braiding or longitudinal lapping
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/28—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances natural or synthetic rubbers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/0009—Details relating to the conductive cores
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H01B7/18—Protection against damage caused by wear, mechanical force or pressure; Sheaths; Armouring
    • H01B7/1875—Multi-layer sheaths
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H01B7/28—Protection against damage caused by moisture, corrosion, chemical attack or weather
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H01B7/28—Protection against damage caused by moisture, corrosion, chemical attack or weather
    • H01B7/2806—Protection against damage caused by corrosion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H01B7/29—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame
    • H01B7/292—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame using material resistant to heat
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/14—Extreme weather resilient electric power supply systems, e.g. strengthening power lines or underground power cables

Definitions

  • the technical proposal belongs to the technical field of electric cables, and specifically relates to a manufacturing method of a 105°C torsion-resistant wind energy cable and the cable.
  • wind power As a new energy source, wind power has the characteristics of environmental friendliness, mature technology and global feasibility. It is being used more and more widely all over the world. With the development and application of wind turbines, wind energy cables are also widely used. At the same time, with the continuous maturity of wind turbine technology, wind farms have gradually been applied from inland to offshore, and ordinary wind energy cables with a temperature resistance of 90 °C can no longer fully meet the use of wind turbines. After research, the requirements for wind energy cables in offshore wind farms mainly include high temperature resistance (high and low temperature) grades, and high requirements for salt spray resistance.
  • insulating materials and sheathing materials with corresponding protective properties can be used, and at the same time, wrapping tapes with specific properties are used to wrap the twisted conductors.
  • the present invention proposes a manufacturing method and cable for a 105°C torsion-resistant wind energy cable.
  • the cable is composed of a conductor wrapped with an isolation tape, an insulating layer and a sheath in sequence; the outer diameter of the cable is 30.0-47.5mm; The area is 185-400mm 2 ; the thickness of the isolation zone is 0.16mm; the thickness of the insulating layer is 2.6-3.0mm; the thickness of the sheath is 3.4-3.8mm;
  • the conductor is composed of five types of metal monofilament bundles that meet the requirements of GB/T 3956; the metal monofilament is bare copper monofilament or tinned copper monofilament
  • the isolation tape is a non-hygroscopic wrapping tape (such as reinforced non-woven fabric), and the isolation tape overlaps and wraps around the conductor, and the lapping rate of the wrapping is not less than 25%;
  • the insulating material of the insulating layer is ethylene-propylene rubber insulating material, and the performance requirements of the insulating material include: high temperature resistance of 105°C and low temperature of -40°C, high electrical properties, high mechanical properties, and ozone resistance.
  • the sheath material of the sheath is a chlorinated polyethylene mixture sheath material, and the performance requirements of the sheath material include: high temperature resistance of 105°C and low temperature resistance of -40°C, high mechanical properties, weather resistance, salt spray resistance and flame retardancy, etc. .
  • Optional products such as the sheathing material whose grade is XH-41F.
  • the insulation performance and protection performance of the cable can meet the requirements of the temperature resistance (high and low temperature) grade and salt spray resistance of offshore wind turbines, which depend on specific insulation materials and sheath materials.
  • This cable is designed with a specific conductor structure.
  • the tensile strength and bending performance of the cable can meet the requirements of offshore wind turbines.
  • the present invention proposes the following process:
  • a method for manufacturing a 105°C torsion-resistant wind energy cable comprising:
  • the conductor is made of metal monofilament bundles into strands, and then strands are twisted into conductors;
  • the pitch diameter ratio of the bundle of strands is 20 to 25 times; the wire diameter of the strands is 2.8 to 3.2mm; the direction of the strands is leftward, and the tension range of the take-up is 8 to 20N;
  • the strands are divided into multiple layers from the inside to the outside, two adjacent layers of strands are closely bonded, and the twisting direction of each layer is leftward;
  • the stranding pitch of the inner layer is 15 to 20 times the outer diameter of the inner layer, and the stranding pitch of the second outer layer is 13 to 16 times the outer diameter of the second outer layer;
  • the pitch is 16 to 20 times the outer diameter of the outer layer;
  • the tension range of each layer is 8 to 20N;
  • the stranding pitch of the inner layer is 15 to 20 times the outer diameter of the inner layer, and the stranding pitch of the second inner layer is 11 to 14 times the outer diameter of the second inner layer;
  • the combined pitch is 13 to 16 times the outer diameter of the second outer layer;
  • the twisted pitch of the outer layer is 16 to 20 times the outer diameter of the outer layer;
  • the tension range of each layer is 8 to 20N;
  • the wire diameter range of metal monofilament is 0.4 ⁇ 0.5mm
  • the 105°C torsion-resistant wind energy cable produced by using the above-mentioned conductor bundle and twisting structure can make the conductors of each layer move relatively small when the cable rotates left and right with the fan, so that the conductors are not easy to cause breakage or damage during the twisting process of the cable. It improves the service life of the 105°C torsion-resistant wind energy cable.
  • the number of strand layers of the conductor is preferably 3 or 4 layers, combined with a specific pitch ratio and take-up tension, the torsional performance of the cable can be optimized.
  • the isolation belt is made of reinforced non-woven fabric
  • the reinforced non-woven fabric has two sides, one is a polyester surface, the other is a non-woven fabric surface, the conductor is wrapped with a reinforced non-woven fabric, and the polyester surface faces the conductor.
  • the extrusion process of insulating material is: from the direction of feeding the insulating material to the direction of discharging, the temperature zone of the body of the corresponding extruder is: 60-65°C in the first zone, 70-85°C in the second zone, 80-85°C in the third zone, 80 ⁇ 88°C in the fourth zone, 80 ⁇ 88°C in the fifth zone;
  • the extrusion process of the sheath material is: from the direction of the sheath material feed to the discharge, the body temperature zone of the corresponding extruder is: 50-55°C in the first zone, 55-65°C in the second zone, 60-70 in the third zone °C, 65 ⁇ 80°C in the fourth zone, 70 ⁇ 80°C in the fifth zone;
  • the rubber extruders used for extrusion of insulation materials and sheath materials have the first zone as the feeding section, the second and third zones as the plasticizing section, and the fourth and fifth zones as the homogenizing section.
  • Double-layer co-extrusion head is adopted, from the feeding direction to the discharging direction, the head temperature zone of the rubber extruder is: 75-80°C in the first zone, 75-80°C in the second zone, and 75-80°C in the third zone. It is equipped with mold core, middle mold and mold sleeve; the hole diameter of the mold core is larger than the outer diameter of the conductor.
  • the extrusion process of insulating material is: 60°C in the first zone, 70°C in the second zone, 85°C in the third zone, 88°C in the fourth zone, and 88°C in the fifth zone;
  • the extrusion process of the sheath material is: 50°C in the first zone, 65°C in the second zone, 70°C in the third zone, 80°C in the fourth zone, and 80°C in the fifth zone;
  • the head temperature zones of the rubber extrusion machine are: 75°C in the first zone, 75°C in the second zone, and 75°C in the third zone.
  • the feature is that in the step 3):
  • the extrusion process of insulating material is: 65°C in the first zone, 80°C in the second zone, 80°C in the third zone, 85°C in the fourth zone, and 85°C in the fifth zone;
  • the extrusion process of the sheath material is: 55°C in the first zone, 60°C in the second zone, 65°C in the third zone, 70°C in the fourth zone, and 75°C in the fifth zone;
  • the head temperature zones of the rubber extrusion machine are: 80°C in the first zone, 80°C in the second zone, and 80°C in the third zone.
  • the 105°C wind energy cable prepared by extruding the insulating sheath material according to the above requirements can ensure that the insulating sheath material is fully softened and is easier to extrude.
  • the double-extruded and tightly connected structure of the insulating sheath ensures that when the cable rotates left and right with the fan, the insulation layer and the sheath layer do not produce relative displacement, so that the insulation and the sheath are not easy to crack during the cable torsion process, and the torsion resistance of 105°C is improved.
  • the cable can be used with wind turbines, and is suitable for laying transmission lines in towers of wind turbines on land, at high altitudes, and at sea.
  • the cables prepared by the method can meet the design requirements, and at the same time, the pass rate can reach more than 99%.
  • Fig. 1 is the radial section diagram of the cable of this embodiment
  • a method for manufacturing a 105°C torsion-resistant wind energy cable the steps include: twisting a plurality of metal monofilament bundles to form a conductor; wrapping an isolation tape around the conductor according to a specific overlapping rate; purchasing a double-layer co-extrusion method to insulate The material is wrapped outside the isolation belt, and the sheath is extruded outside the insulating layer.
  • the structure of the cable prepared by this method is as follows: the conductor is composed of five types of bare copper or tinned copper monofilament bundles that meet the requirements of GB/T 3956; the conductor is wrapped with an isolation tape; the isolation tape is wrapped with an insulating layer ; Insulation wrapped jacket.
  • the insulation performance and protection performance of this cable can meet the requirements of the temperature resistance level and salt spray resistance of offshore wind turbines, which depend on specific insulation materials and sheath materials.
  • the cable is designed with a specific conductor structure. Under the premise of satisfying the electrical performance, the tensile strength and bending performance of the cable can meet the requirements of offshore wind turbines.
  • the 105°C torsion-resistant wind energy cable in this example is composed of conductor 1 wrapped with isolation tape 2, insulating layer 3 and sheath 4 in sequence; the outer diameter of the cable is 30.0-47.5mm; the cross-sectional area of the conductor is 185 ⁇ 400mm 2 ; the thickness of the isolation zone is 0.16mm; the thickness of the insulating layer is 2.6 ⁇ 3.0mm; the thickness of the sheath is 3.4 ⁇ 3.8mm;
  • the conductor is composed of five types of metal monofilament bundles that meet the requirements of GB/T 3956; the metal monofilament is bare copper monofilament or tinned copper monofilament.
  • the isolation tape is a non-hygroscopic wrapping tape (reinforced non-woven fabric), and the isolation tape overlaps and wraps around the conductor, and the covering rate of the wrapping is not less than 25%;
  • the insulating material of the insulating layer is ethylene propylene rubber insulating material.
  • the sheath material of the sheath is a chlorinated polyethylene compound sheath material.
  • the steps of the manufacturing method of the cable of this example include:
  • the conductor is made of metal monofilament bundles into strands, and then strands are twisted into conductors;
  • the pitch diameter ratio of the bundle of strands is 20 to 25 times; the wire diameter of the strands is 2.8 to 3.2mm; the direction of the strands is leftward, and the tension range of the take-up is 8 to 20N;
  • the strands are divided into multiple layers from the inside to the outside, two adjacent layers of strands are closely bonded, and the twisting direction of each layer is leftward;
  • the twisting pitch of the inner layer is 15 to 20 times the outer diameter of the inner layer
  • the twisting pitch of the second outer layer is 13 to 16 times the outer diameter of the second outer layer
  • the twisting pitch of the outer layer is the outer diameter 16 to 20 times the outer diameter of the layer
  • the tension range of each layer is 8 to 20N;
  • the stranded pitch of the inner layer is 15 to 20 times the outer diameter of the inner layer
  • the stranded pitch of the second inner layer is 11 to 14 times the outer diameter of the inner layer
  • the stranded pitch of the second outer layer is 13 to 16 times the outer diameter of the second outer layer
  • the stranding pitch of the outer layer is 16 to 20 times the outer diameter of the outer layer
  • the tension range of each layer is 8 to 20N;
  • the wire diameter range of metal monofilament is 0.4 ⁇ 0.5mm
  • the extrusion process of insulating material is: from the direction of feeding the insulating material to the direction of discharging, the temperature zone of the body of the corresponding extruder is: 60-65°C in the first zone, 70-85°C in the second zone, 80-85°C in the third zone, 80 ⁇ 88°C in the fourth zone, 80 ⁇ 88°C in the fifth zone;
  • the extrusion process of the sheath material is: from the direction of the sheath material feed to the discharge, the body temperature zone of the corresponding extruder is: 50-55°C in the first zone, 55-65°C in the second zone, 60-70 in the third zone °C, 65 ⁇ 80°C in the fourth zone, 70 ⁇ 80°C in the fifth zone;
  • the rubber extruders used for extrusion of insulation materials and sheath materials have the first zone as the feeding section, the second and third zones as the plasticizing section, and the fourth and fifth zones as the homogenizing section.
  • Double-layer co-extrusion head is adopted, from the feeding direction to the discharging direction, the head temperature zone of the rubber extruder is: 75-80°C in the first zone, 75-80°C in the second zone, and 75-80°C in the third zone. It is equipped with mold core, middle mold and mold sleeve; the hole diameter of the mold core is larger than the outer diameter of the conductor.
  • Adopt insulating material as the brand is XJ-40F insulating material, the brand of sheathing material is XH-105, then in described step 3):
  • the extrusion process of insulating material is: 60°C in the first zone, 70°C in the second zone, 85°C in the third zone, 88°C in the fourth zone, and 88°C in the fifth zone;
  • the extrusion process of the sheath material is: 50°C in the first zone, 65°C in the second zone, 70°C in the third zone, 80°C in the fourth zone, and 80°C in the fifth zone;
  • the head temperature zones of the rubber extrusion machine are: 75°C in the first zone, 75°C in the second zone, and 75°C in the third zone.
  • Adopt insulating material to be self-made insulating material the trade mark of sheath material is XH-105, then in described step 3):
  • the extrusion process of insulating material is: 65°C in the first zone, 80°C in the second zone, 80°C in the third zone, 85°C in the fourth zone, and 85°C in the fifth zone;
  • the extrusion process of the sheath material is: 55°C in the first zone, 60°C in the second zone, 65°C in the third zone, 70°C in the fourth zone, and 75°C in the fifth zone;
  • the head temperature zones of the rubber extrusion machine are: 80°C in the first zone, 80°C in the second zone, and 80°C in the third zone.
  • the isolation belt in step 2) adopts reinforced non-woven fabric; the reinforced non-woven fabric has two sides, one side is a polyester surface, and the other side is a non-woven fabric surface, and the conductor is wrapped with a reinforced non-woven fabric, and the polyester surface faces the conductor .
  • the grade of sheath material selected is XH-105.
  • the existing insulation materials such as XJ-40F insulation materials
  • the processing performance cannot fully meet the extrusion effect of the double-layer co-extrusion processing method, such as the adhesion performance of the two-layer cable material. Due to the high torsion resistance requirements of the cable, the adhesion effect of the two layers of cable materials is particularly important. And because the insulation material is inside and the sheath material is outside, the protective performance requirements of the sheath material are relatively high.
  • Existing products have been verified in use and are more suitable for direct use of existing products. The focus of consideration on insulation materials is insulation. Develop insulation materials suitable for existing sheathing materials, which is less risky and costly. Therefore, in the actual trial production, better self-developed insulating materials are used:
  • the ethylene-propylene insulating material is calculated by weight, and the raw materials include: EPDM rubber (brand 3722p) is 70 parts, elastomer POE is 30 parts, bis-tert-butyl peroxide cumene (BIBP) is 2 parts, Triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC) is 1 part, zinc oxide is 5 parts, talcum powder is 20 parts, calcined clay is 70 parts, anti-aging agent TMQ is 3 parts, 80# microcrystalline wax is 4 parts, Stearic acid is 0.5 parts, and vinyltris( ⁇ -methoxyethoxy)silane is 2 parts.
  • EPDM rubber brand 3722p
  • elastomer POE is 30 parts
  • bis-tert-butyl peroxide cumene (BIBP) is 2 parts
  • Triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC) is 1 part
  • zinc oxide is 5 parts
  • talcum powder is 20 parts
  • calcined clay is 70 parts
  • anti-aging agent TMQ anti
  • the manufacturing steps of insulating material include:
  • step 2 Mixing the premixed powder with microcrystalline wax, talcum powder, calcined clay, vinyl tris( ⁇ -methoxyethoxy)silane and the mixing material obtained in step 2) in an internal mixer;
  • the mixing time is 5-10 minutes, and the mixing temperature is controlled within 130°C;
  • step 3.3) Remove the mixed material obtained in step 3.2) from the internal mixer, and place it in an open mixer for mixing for 30-35 seconds at a mixing temperature of 55-65°C;
  • step 3.3 After the rubber material obtained in step 3.3) is filtered, it is placed in a (75L) kneader and mixed with sulfur, and bis-tert-butyl peroxide cumene and co-vulcanizing agent triallyl isocyanate are added. cyanurate;
  • the mixing temperature in this step is controlled within 120°C, and the entire mixing process lasts for 3 to 5 minutes;
  • step 3.4 Thinning the rubber material obtained in step 3.4), making a triangular bag, cutting the roll and then rolling the sheet to obtain the mixed material;
  • Extrusion molding After the mixed and milled material is parked for at least 24 hours, the mixed material is extruded by an extruder, and the temperature, pressure and screw speed of the screw extruder are adjusted according to the production process. Get insulation.
  • described open mill is 550 double-roll open mills
  • the rubber filter adopts a rubber filter machine, and the temperature of the rubber filter machine is controlled within 150°C;
  • a 550 double-roll mill is used for lathing, and a three-roll mill is used for page rolling;
  • an extruder is used for extrusion.
  • the insulating material not only has good high-temperature aging resistance, but also has excellent low-temperature performance and excellent processing and extrusion performance.
  • the insulating material meets the aging temperature level of 105°C to ensure the normal operation of the cable at a temperature of 105°C;
  • the insulating material meets the low temperature resistance of -40°C and meets the requirements of normal temperature, low temperature and high temperature torsion test;
  • the insulating material has good processing performance, and it is necessary to ensure that a good extrusion effect can be achieved in the double extrusion process.
  • Ethylene-propylene insulation meets the aging temperature level of 105°C. It is necessary to ensure that the formula itself has a high degree of cross-linking, and at the same time, the aging resistance of the formula matrix material should not be too low. It is necessary to choose a suitable grade of ethylene-propylene rubber, that is, one with low propylene content, fewer tertiary carbon atoms in the macromolecular chain, which is beneficial to rubber aging resistance, and at the same time, ethylene-propylene rubber with less third monomer content; choose an anti-aging agent with high temperature resistance; The formulation has a high degree of crosslinking.
  • the insulating material needs to withstand low temperature of -40°C. To meet the requirements of the torsion test at each temperature range, the matrix material is required to have good molecular chain flexibility.
  • the material is required to have good discharge stability, and the ethylene content can be selected to be above 60 to ensure good processing performance and vulcanization performance.
  • the plasticizer system of the formula can be adjusted by controlling the Mooney viscosity of the material .
  • the vulcanizing agent is bis-tert-butyl peroxide cumene (BIBP), which is suitable for high-temperature continuous vulcanization process; under high temperature conditions, BIBP will not accelerate rubber aging due to residual decomposition, thereby improving the insulation material. high temperature stability.
  • BIBP bis-tert-butyl peroxide cumene
  • a co-vulcanizing agent is added.
  • the addition of the co-vulcanizing agent can inhibit the occurrence of side reactions such as chain scission and disproportionation of polymer molecules during the vulcanization process, and improve the cross-linking efficiency. Therefore, after adding the triallyl isocyanurate co-vulcanizing agent with functional groups, the vulcanization speed is greatly accelerated, the cross-linking density is increased, and the temperature resistance of the vulcanized rubber is also improved.
  • the cable in this example has the following performance characteristics:
  • Insulation tensile strength and elongation at break ⁇ 6.5MPa/200%, measured: (8.0MPa/440%)
  • the insulation meets the requirements of the aging box at 150°C ⁇ 168h.
  • the change rate of tensile strength and elongation at break is required to be ⁇ 30%.
  • Sheath tensile strength and elongation at break ⁇ 10.0MPa/250%, actual measurement: (13.4MPa/550%);
  • the sheath meets the requirements of the aging box at 135°C ⁇ 168h, and the required rate of change in tensile strength: ⁇ -30%, rate of change in elongation at break: ⁇ -40%; the rate of change in measured tensile strength is -19%, rate of elongation at break Rate of change -13%.
  • the tear strength of the sheath is ⁇ 5.0N/mm, and the measured value is 6.2N/mm.
  • the sheath meets the oil resistance test (100°C ⁇ 24h).
  • the insulating sheath meets the low-temperature tensile and low-temperature impact tests at -40°C.

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  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
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Abstract

一种105℃度耐扭风能电缆的制造方法，步骤包括：1)多根金属单丝束合绞合成导体；2)按照特定的搭盖率在导体外绕包隔离带；3)采用双层共挤的方式把绝缘料包裹在隔离带外，把护套挤包在绝缘层外。采用本方法制得的电缆的结构为：由符合GB/T 3956中规定的五类裸铜或镀锡铜单丝束合绞合构成导体；导体外绕包隔离带；隔离带外包裹绝缘层；绝缘层包裹护套。本电缆的绝缘性能、防护性能可以满足海上风机的耐温等级、耐盐雾等要求，它们依赖于特定的绝缘料和护套料。本电缆设计特定的导体结构，在满足电性能的前提下，使本电缆的抗拉强度、弯折性能等，满足海上风机的使用要求。

Description

一种105℃耐扭风能电缆的制造方法及电缆 技术领域
本技术方案属于电缆技术领域，具体是一种105℃度耐扭风能电缆的制造方法及电缆。
背景技术
风力发电作为新能源的一种，具有环境友好、技术成熟、全球可行的特点，在世界各地正得到越来越广泛的应用，随着风机的发展和应用，风能电缆也得到广泛应用。同时，随着风机技术的不断成熟，风场也从内陆逐渐应用到了海上，普通耐温90℃的风能电缆已不能完全满足风机的使用场合。经研究，海上风场对风能电缆的要求主要有耐温(高低温)等级、耐盐雾等要求高。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中存在的上述问题，可使用具有相应防护性能的绝缘料以及护套料，同时，对绞合的导体采用特定性能的绕包带进行绕包。
本发明提出一种105℃度耐扭风能电缆的制造方法及电缆，所述电缆是由导体外依次包裹隔离带、绝缘层和护套构成；电缆的外径是30.0～47.5mm；导体的截面积是185～400mm 2；隔离带的厚度是0.16mm；绝缘层的厚度是2.6～3.0mm；护套的厚度是3.4～3.8mm；
所述导体是由符合GB/T 3956中规定的五类金属单丝束合绞合构成；金属单丝是裸铜单丝或镀锡铜单丝
所述隔离带是非吸湿性绕包带(例如加强型无纺布)，隔离带重叠绕包在导体外，绕包搭盖率不小于25％；
所述绝缘层的绝缘料是乙丙橡胶绝缘料，绝缘料的性能要求包括：耐温等级是耐105℃高温和耐-40℃低温，高电性能、高机械性能和耐臭氧等。
所述护套的护套料是氯化聚乙烯混合物护套料，护套料的性能要求包括：耐105℃高温和耐-40℃低温、高机械性能、耐候、耐盐雾和阻燃等。可选的产品如牌号是XH-41F的护套料。
本电缆结构中，电缆的绝缘性能、防护性能可以满足海上风机的耐温(高低温)等级、耐盐雾等要求，它们依赖于特定的绝缘料和护套料。本电缆设计特定 的导体结构，在满足电性能的前提下，使本电缆的抗拉强度、弯折性能等，满足海上风机的使用要求。
本电缆的特定导体结构、隔离带产品及结构、绝缘层和外护套的材料和结构，对基于现有的生产设备来制造电缆带来较大难度，为此，本发明提出如下工艺：
一种105℃度耐扭风能电缆的制造方法，步骤包括：
1)制造导体：导体由金属单丝束合成股线，再由股线绞合成导体；
股线的束合的节径比是20～25倍；股线的线径是2.8～3.2mm；束线方向为左向，收线张力的范围是8～20N；
所述股线自内而外分为多层，相邻两层股线紧密贴合，每层绞合方向均为左向；
导体有3层股线时：内层股线绞合节距是内层外径的15～20倍，次外层绞合节距是次外层外径的13～16倍；外层绞合节距是外层外径的16～20倍；每层收线张力的范围是8～20N；
导体有4层股线时：内层股线绞合节距是内层外径的15～20倍，次内层绞合节距是次内层外径的11～14倍；次外层绞合节距是次外层外径的13～16倍；外层绞合节距是外层外径的16～20倍；每层收线张力的范围是8～20N；
金属单丝的线径范围是0.4～0.5mm；
采用上述导体束合绞合结构生产的105℃耐扭风能电缆，可以使得该电缆在随着风机左右转动时，各层导体产生较小的相对移动，使得电缆扭转过程中导体不容易引起断裂或起空，提高了105℃耐扭风能电缆的使用寿命。导体的股线层数优选3层或4层，结合特定的节径比以及收线张力，使电缆的耐扭性能达到最佳。
2)采用重叠绕包方式把隔离带包裹在导体外，绕包搭盖率不小于25％；隔离带的绕包张力为20～30N；
隔离带采用加强型无纺布；
本方案中，加强型无纺布共有两面，一面为聚酯面，一面为无纺布面，导体外绕包加强型无纺布，聚酯面面向导体。
按照上述要求绕包导体，在挤包绝缘时，因为有聚酯面的隔离作用，可以防止绝缘料嵌入到导体中，保证导体内无杂质；因为有无纺布面的增大摩擦力的作 用，导体在牵引过程中，不容易打滑。
3)采用双层共挤的工艺把绝缘料包裹在隔离带外，把护套料挤包在绝缘层外，最终得到电缆成品：
绝缘料的挤包工艺为：自绝缘料进料到出料方向，相应挤橡机的机身温区为：一区60～65℃、二区70～85℃、三区80～85℃、四区80～88℃、五区80～88℃；
护套料的挤包工艺为：自护套料进料到出料方向，相应挤橡机的机身温区为：一区50～55℃、二区55～65℃、三区60～70℃、四区65～80℃、五区70～80℃；
用于绝缘料和护套料挤出的挤橡机，它们的一区为入料段，二区和三区为塑化段，四区和五区为均化段。
采用双层共挤机头，自进料到出料方向，挤橡机的机头温区为：一区75～80℃、二区75～80℃、三区75～80℃，在机头上配模芯、中模、模套；模芯的孔径大于导体外径。
一套工艺为：所述步骤3)中：
绝缘料的挤包工艺为：一区60℃、二区70℃、三区85℃、四区88℃、五区88℃；
护套料的挤包工艺为：一区50℃、二区65℃、三区70℃、四区80℃、五区80℃；
挤橡机的机头温区为：一区75℃、二区75℃、三区75℃。
另一套工艺为：
特征是所述步骤3)中：
绝缘料的挤包工艺为：一区65℃、二区80℃、三区80℃、四区85℃、五区85℃；
护套料的挤包工艺为：一区55℃、二区60℃、三区65℃、四区70℃、五区75℃；
挤橡机的机头温区为：一区80℃、二区80℃、三区80℃。
按照上述要求挤出绝缘护套料制得的105℃风能电缆，可以保证绝缘护套料充分软化，更容易挤压成型。绝缘护套双挤紧密连接的结构，保证电缆在随着风机左右转动时，绝缘层与护套层不产生相对位移，使得电缆扭转过程中绝缘和护套不容易开裂，提高了105℃耐扭风能电缆的使用寿命。
本电缆通过材料和结构的特定设计，可以使得电缆能够配套风力发电机组使用，适用于陆地、高海拔、海上风力发电机塔筒内敷设输电线路。
上述电缆在实际生产中遇到了问题，由于采用耐温等级更高的绝缘料和护套料，采用传统生产工艺，无法生产出达到理论性能的电缆。为此，本发明提出一种新的制造方法，
采用本方法制得的电缆，能满足设计要求，同时，合格率达到99％以上。
附图说明
图1是本实施例电缆的径向截面示意图，
图中：导体1、隔离带2、绝缘层3、护套4。
具体实施方式
一种105℃度耐扭风能电缆的制造方法，步骤包括：多根金属单丝束合绞合成导体；按照特定的搭盖率在导体外绕包隔离带；采购双层共挤的方式把绝缘料包裹在隔离带外，把护套挤包在绝缘层外。采用本方法制得的电缆的结构为：由符合GB/T 3956中规定的五类裸铜或镀锡铜单丝束合绞合构成导体；导体外绕包隔离带；隔离带外包裹绝缘层；绝缘层包裹护套。本电缆的绝缘性能、防护性能可以满足海上风机的耐温等级、耐盐雾等要求，它们依赖于特定的绝缘料和护套料。本电缆设计特定的导体结构，在满足电性能的前提下，使本电缆的抗拉强度、弯折性能等，满足海上风机的使用要求。
下面结合附图与具体实施方式对本案进一步说明：
如图1，本例的105℃度耐扭风能电缆是由导体1外依次包裹隔离带2、绝缘层3和护套4构成；电缆的外径是30.0～47.5mm；导体的截面积是185～400mm 2；隔离带的厚度是0.16mm；绝缘层的厚度是2.6～3.0mm；护套的厚度是3.4～3.8mm；
所述导体是由符合GB/T 3956中规定的五类金属单丝束合绞合构成；金属单丝是裸铜单丝或镀锡铜单丝。
所述隔离带是非吸湿性绕包带(加强型无纺布)，隔离带重叠绕包在导体外，绕包搭盖率不小于25％；
所述绝缘层的绝缘料是乙丙橡胶绝缘料。所述护套的护套料是氯化聚乙烯混合物护套料。
本例电缆的制造方法的步骤包括：
1)制造导体：导体由金属单丝束合成股线，再由股线绞合成导体；
股线的束合的节径比是20～25倍；股线的线径是2.8～3.2mm；束线方向为左向，收线张力的范围是8～20N；
所述股线自内而外分为多层，相邻两层股线紧密贴合，每层绞合方向均为左向；
导体有3层时：内层绞合节距是内层外径的15～20倍，次外层绞合节距是次外层外径的13～16倍；外层绞合节距是外层外径的16～20倍；每层收线张力的范围是8～20N；
导体有4层时：内层绞合节距是内层外径的15～20倍，次内层绞合节距是次内层外径的11～14倍；次外层绞合节距是次外层外径的13～16倍；外层绞合节距是外层外径的16～20倍；每层收线张力的范围是8～20N；
金属单丝的线径范围是0.4～0.5mm；
2)采用重叠绕包方式把隔离带包裹在导体外，绕包搭盖率不小于25％；隔离带的绕包张力为20～30N；
3)采用双层共挤的工艺把绝缘料包裹在隔离带外，把护套料挤包在绝缘层外，最终得到电缆成品：
绝缘料的挤包工艺为：自绝缘料进料到出料方向，相应挤橡机的机身温区为：一区60～65℃、二区70～85℃、三区80～85℃、四区80～88℃、五区80～88℃；
护套料的挤包工艺为：自护套料进料到出料方向，相应挤橡机的机身温区为：一区50～55℃、二区55～65℃、三区60～70℃、四区65～80℃、五区70～80℃；
用于绝缘料和护套料挤出的挤橡机，它们的一区为入料段，二区和三区为塑化段，四区和五区为均化段。
采用双层共挤机头，自进料到出料方向，挤橡机的机头温区为：一区75～80℃、二区75～80℃、三区75～80℃，在机头上配模芯、中模、模套；模芯的孔径大于导体外径。
采用绝缘料为牌号是XJ-40F绝缘料，护套料的牌号是XH-105，则所述步骤3)中：
绝缘料的挤包工艺为：一区60℃、二区70℃、三区85℃、四区88℃、五区 88℃；
护套料的挤包工艺为：一区50℃、二区65℃、三区70℃、四区80℃、五区80℃；
挤橡机的机头温区为：一区75℃、二区75℃、三区75℃。
采用绝缘料为自制绝缘料，护套料的牌号是XH-105，则所述步骤3)中：
绝缘料的挤包工艺为：一区65℃、二区80℃、三区80℃、四区85℃、五区85℃；
护套料的挤包工艺为：一区55℃、二区60℃、三区65℃、四区70℃、五区75℃；
挤橡机的机头温区为：一区80℃、二区80℃、三区80℃。
步骤2)中的隔离带采用加强型无纺布；加强型无纺布共有两面，一面为聚酯面，一面为无纺布面，导体外绕包加强型无纺布，聚酯面面向导体。
本例选用护套料的牌号是XH-105。而既有的绝缘料(如牌号是XJ-40F绝缘料)虽然能满足绝缘要求，但是加工性能不能完全满足双层共挤加工方式的挤出效果，例如两层电缆料的粘连性能等。由于本带电缆的耐扭性能要求较高，两层电缆料的粘连效果尤为重要。又由于，绝缘料在内、护套料在外，护套料的防护性能要求较高，既有产品经过使用验证，其更适于直接采用既有产品，而绝缘料的考量重点在绝缘性，开发适于既有护套料的绝缘料，该方式的风险成本更低。所以，在实际试产时候，采用更优的自研绝缘料：
该乙丙绝缘料按重量份计算，原料包括：三元乙丙橡胶(牌号3722p)是70份，弹性体POE是30份，双叔丁基过氧化异丙基苯(BIBP)是2份，三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯(TAIC)是1份，氧化锌是5份，滑石粉是20份，煅烧陶土是70份，防老剂TMQ是3份，80#微晶蜡是4份，硬脂酸是0.5份，乙烯基三(β-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷是2份。
绝缘料的制步骤包括：
1)称料：按照配方准确称取各种物料备用；
2)预混：将氧化锌、防老剂和硬脂酸进行预混10分钟(在卧式螺带式搅拌器中)，搅拌完成后装袋备用；
3)混炼：
3.1)将三元乙丙橡胶和弹性体置于密炼机中混炼；混炼时间为3～5min，混炼温度控制在90～100℃；
3.2)将预混好粉料和微晶蜡、滑石粉、煅烧陶土、乙烯基三(β-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷以及步骤2)得到的混炼物料在密炼机中混炼；混炼时间是5～10min，混炼温度控制在130℃以内；
3.3)将步骤3.2)得到的混炼物料移出密炼机，置于开炼机混炼30～35s，混炼温度55～65℃；
3.4)将步骤3.3)得到的橡料进行滤橡后，再置于(75L)捏炼机中加硫混炼，添加双叔丁基过氧化异丙基苯和助硫化剂三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯；
本步骤中的混炼温度控制在120℃以内，整个混炼过程持续3～5min；
3.5)把步骤3.4)制得的橡料拉薄通，打三角包，切卷后再碾页得到混炼物料；
4)挤出成型：混炼碾页后的物料再停放至少24h后，采用挤出机对混炼物料进行挤出加工，根据生产工艺调整螺杆挤出机的温度、压力和螺杆转速，挤出得到绝缘材料。
所述步骤3.3)中，所述开炼机为550双辊开炼机；
所述步骤3.3)中，滤橡是采用滤橡机，滤橡机温度控制在150℃以内；
所述步骤3.5)中，拉薄通采用550双辊开炼机，碾页采用三辊碾页机；
所述步骤3)中，挤出采用挤出机。
该绝缘料具有良好的高温耐老化性能外，同时具有优异的低温性能以及优良的加工挤出性能。
1)绝缘材料满足105℃温度等级的老化，保证电缆在105℃的温度下正常工作；
2)绝缘材料满足耐-40℃低温，满足常温、低温、高温扭转试验的要求；
3)绝缘材料具有良好的加工性能，需确保在双挤工艺能达到良好的挤出效果。
本绝缘料在设计时候：
1)乙丙绝缘满足105℃温度等级的老化，需确保配方本身具有较高的交联程度，同时配方基体材料的耐老化性能不能太低。需选用合适的乙丙胶牌号即丙 烯含量低的，大分子链上叔碳原子少，对橡胶耐老化有利，同时第三单体含量少的乙丙胶；选用耐温等级高的防老剂；配方具有较高的交联程度。
2)绝缘材料需耐-40℃低温。满足各个温度段的扭转试验要求，要求基体材料具有较好的分子链柔顺性。
3)要求材料具有较好的出料稳定性、可以选用乙烯含量在60以上，保证较好的加工性能和硫化性能，同时通过控制材料的门尼粘度，在配方的增塑剂体系上进行调整。
本绝缘料中，硫化剂是双叔丁基过氧化异丙基苯即BIBP，其适用于高温连续硫化工艺；在高温条件下，BIBP不会因为残存分解而加速橡胶老化，从而提高了绝缘料的高温稳定性。为提高绝缘料的硫化程度，提高硫化胶的物理机械性能，加入共硫化剂。共硫化剂的加入可抑制硫化过程中聚合物分子断链和歧化等副反应的发生，提高交联效率。所以添加了具有官能团的三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯共硫化剂后，大大加快硫化速度，提高交联密度，同时还改善了硫化胶的耐温性能。
本绝缘料性能检测见表1：
表1
Figure PCTCN2021134505-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2021134505-appb-000002
经检测，本例电缆具有如下性能特点：
1、绝缘抗张强度及断裂伸长率：≥6.5MPa/200％，实测：(8.0MPa/440％)
2、绝缘满足老化箱150℃×168h，要求抗张强度变化率及断裂伸长率变化率≤±30％，实测抗张强度变化率:+15％,断裂伸长率保留率:-14％；
3、护套抗张强度及断裂伸长率：≥10.0MPa/250％，实测：(13.4MPa/550％)；
4、护套满足老化箱135℃×168h，要求抗张强度变化率:≤-30％,断裂伸长率变化率:≤-40％；实测抗张强度变化率-19％，断裂伸长率变化率-13％。
5、护套抗撕强度≥5.0N/mm，实测6.2N/mm。
6、绝缘和护套满足耐臭氧试验
7、护套满足耐油试验(100℃×24h)。
8、绝缘护套满足-40℃低温拉伸和低温冲击试验。
9、满足耐候试验。
10、满足常温、低温(-40℃)、高温(60℃)扭转试验。
11、满足成束C类阻燃试验。
12、满足耐盐雾试验。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种105℃度耐扭风能电缆的制造方法，其特征是步骤包括：
    1)制造导体：导体由金属单丝束合成股线，再由股线绞合成导体；
    股线的束合的节径比是20～25倍；股线的线径是2.8～3.2mm；束线方向为左向，收线张力的范围是8～20N；
    所述股线自内而外分为多层，相邻两层股线紧密贴合，每层绞合方向均为左向；
    导体有3层时：内层绞合节距是内层外径的15～20倍，次外层绞合节距是次外层外径的13～16倍；外层绞合节距是外层外径的16～20倍；每层收线张力的范围是8～20N；
    导体有4层时：内层绞合节距是内层外径的15～20倍，次内层绞合节距是次内层外径的11～14倍；次外层绞合节距是次外层外径的13～16倍；外层绞合节距是外层外径的16～20倍；每层收线张力的范围是8～20N；
    金属单丝的线径范围是0.4～0.5mm；
    2)采用重叠绕包方式把隔离带包裹在导体外，绕包搭盖率不小于25％；隔离带的绕包张力为20～30N；
    3)采用双层共挤的工艺把绝缘料包裹在隔离带外，把护套料挤包在绝缘层外，最终得到电缆成品；缘料是乙丙橡胶绝缘料；所述护套的护套料是氯化聚乙烯混合物护套料；
    绝缘料的挤包工艺为：自绝缘料进料到出料方向，相应挤橡机的机身温区为：一区60～65℃、二区70～85℃、三区80～85℃、四区80～88℃、五区80～88℃；
    护套料的挤包工艺为：自护套料进料到出料方向，相应挤橡机的机身温区为：一区50～55℃、二区55～65℃、三区60～70℃、四区65～80℃、五区70～80℃；
    用于绝缘料和护套料挤出的挤橡机，它们的一区为入料段，二区和三区为塑化段，四区和五区为均化段。
    采用双层共挤机头，自进料到出料方向，挤橡机的机头温区为：一区75～80℃、二区75～80℃、三区75～80℃，在机头上配模芯、中模、模套；模芯的 孔径大于导体外径。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的105℃度耐扭风能电缆的制造方法电缆的制造方法，其特征是所述步骤3)中：
    绝缘料的挤包工艺为：一区60℃、二区70℃、三区85℃、四区88℃、五区88℃；
    护套料的挤包工艺为：一区50℃、二区65℃、三区70℃、四区80℃、五区80℃；
    挤橡机的机头温区为：一区75℃、二区75℃、三区75℃。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的105℃度耐扭风能电缆的制造方法电缆的制造方法，其特征是所述步骤3)中：
    绝缘料的挤包工艺为：一区65℃、二区80℃、三区80℃、四区85℃、五区85℃；
    护套料的挤包工艺为：一区55℃、二区60℃、三区65℃、四区70℃、五区75℃；
    挤橡机的机头温区为：一区80℃、二区80℃、三区80℃。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的105℃度耐扭风能电缆的制造方法电缆的制造方法，其特征是所述步骤2)中隔离带采用加强型无纺布；加强型无纺布共有两面，一面为聚酯面，一面为无纺布面，导体外绕包加强型无纺布，聚酯面面向导体。
  5. 一种权利要求1～3任一所述方法制造的电缆，电缆是由导体外依次包裹隔离带、绝缘层和护套构成，其特征是电缆的外径是30.0～47.5mm；导体的截面积是185～400mm 2；隔离带的厚度是0.16mm；绝缘层的厚度是2.6～3.0mm；护套的厚度是3.4～3.8mm；
    所述导体是由符合GB/T 3956中规定的五类金属单丝束合绞合构成；金属单丝是裸铜单丝或镀锡铜单丝；
    所述隔离带是非吸湿性绕包带，隔离带重叠绕包在导体外，绕包搭盖率不小 于25％；
    所述绝缘层的绝缘料是乙丙橡胶绝缘料；所述护套的护套料是氯化聚乙烯混合物护套料。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电缆，其特征是导体由金属单丝束合构成股线，再由股线绞合构成导体；股线的束合的节径比是20～25倍；股线的线径是2.8～3.2mm；束线方向为左向；所述股线自内而外分为3层或4层，相邻两层股线紧密贴合，每层绞合方向均为左向。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的电缆，其特征是所述导体有3层股线：内层绞合节距是内层外径的15～20倍，次外层绞合节距是次外层外径的13～16倍；外层绞合节距是外层外径的16～20倍。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的电缆，其特征是所述导体有4层股线：内层绞合节距是内层外径的15～20倍，次内层绞合节距是次内层外径的11～14倍；次外层绞合节距是次外层外径的13～16倍；外层绞合节距是外层外径的16～20倍。
  9. 根据权利要求5所述的电缆，其特征是金属单丝的外径范围是0.4～0.5mm。
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