CN110718335A - 一种铁路车辆用较薄橡皮绝缘电缆制造方法及电缆 - Google Patents
一种铁路车辆用较薄橡皮绝缘电缆制造方法及电缆 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种铁路车辆用较薄橡皮绝缘电缆制造方法,电缆的外径为13.9~15.9mm;电缆的结构为:由镀锡铜丝束合成股线,股线再进行复绞构成导体;导体外包隔离层;导体外采用双层共挤工艺,挤包低烟无卤阻燃内绝缘料和橡胶外绝缘料构成内、外绝缘层;所述电缆制造方法的步骤包括:1)导体制造,2)导体外包隔离层,3)内、外绝缘层的制造。本电缆拥有更好的柔软性、较小的电缆尺寸,重量轻,安装时更节省空间等优点。
Description
技术领域
本技术方案涉及电缆技术领域,尤其是一种铁路车辆用较薄橡皮绝缘电缆制造方法。
背景技术
目前,铁路车辆的整体要求都在进行轻量化发展,这样既能减少运行的车体负载,同时也降低了运行成本,对车体零部件提出更高的要求,需要零部件的安装更加精密,在安装过程中零部件之间的空间更加狭小,这样对电缆提出更高的要求,需要电缆要有良好的柔软性和弯曲性能,还有电缆具有较小的外径,这样才能更便于安装使用。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中存在的上述问题,本技术方案提出一种铁路车辆用较薄橡皮绝缘电缆制造方法,电缆的外径为13.9~15.9mm;电缆的结构为:由镀锡铜丝束合成股线,股线再进行复绞构成导体;导体外包隔离层;导体外采用双层共挤工艺,挤包低烟无卤阻燃内绝缘料和橡胶外绝缘料;
所述电缆制造方法的步骤包括:
1)导体制造:
1.1)由镀锡铜丝束合成股线:束合股线时,由束线机进行束合,束合时左向12股,右向7股,股线束合节距50~54mm,导体束合节径比20~25;
1.2)股线再进行复绞构成导体:股线复绞时,由退扭笼绞设备进行绞合;1+6根股线(轴线位置上1根,外围是6根)绞合层绞笼转向为右向;绞合节距131~150mm;12根股线绞合层绞笼转向为右向,绞合节距152~170mm,导体外层节径比10~14;
2)导体外包隔离层:
导体外采用一层薄型无纺布绕包带进行绕包,绕包带搭盖宽度不小于5mm;
3)内、外绝缘层的制造:
内、外绝缘层采用双层共挤内、外绝缘料制成:
挤出内绝缘料的主挤橡机温区控制为:一区50~60℃、二区55~65℃、三区65~70℃、四区65~75℃、五区75~80℃;一区为入料段,二区和三区为塑化段,四区和五区为均化段;
挤出外绝缘料的辅挤橡机温区控制为:一区65~70℃、二区75~85℃、三区80~85℃、四区80~85℃;一区为入料段,二区和三区为塑化段,四区为均化段;
机头温度:一区60~80℃、二区70~85℃、三区80~90℃;一区为机头段、二区为机颈段、三区为模口段;
硫化管沿进料->出料方向,管壁各段加热温度依次为:170~190℃、190~210℃、210~220℃、220~225℃和225~230℃;
生产时蒸汽压力10~14bar,生产速度24~25m/min,主挤橡机螺杆转速60~80r/min,辅挤橡机螺杆转速20~60r/min。
较优的方案为:
所述步骤1)中,束合、绞合过程中:
a)束合时,束合节距54mm,股线束合节径比25;
b)复绞时,1+6股线层:绞笼转速86.4rpm,股线束合节距108mm;
c)复绞时,12根股线层:绞笼转速75.9rpm,股线束合节距170mm;
d)复绞时,导体外层节径比14。
步骤2)导体外采用一层薄型无纺布进行绕包,绕包带搭盖宽度不小于5mm,绕包时,绕包头转速281r/min,绕包带宽度40mm,绕包节距为45mm。
步骤3)中:
主挤橡机机温区控制为:一区55℃、二区60℃、三区65℃、四区70℃、五区75℃;
辅挤橡机温区控制为:一区65℃、二区80℃、三区80℃、四区85℃;
机头温度:一区80℃、二区80℃、三区80℃;
硫化管管壁各段加热温度依次为:190℃、210℃、215℃、220℃和225℃;
生产时蒸汽压力13bar,生产速度25m/min,主机螺杆转速65r/min,辅机螺杆转速30r/min,硫化管中冷却水水位高度为15%。
上述方法制得铁路车辆用较薄橡皮绝缘电缆,外径范围是(13.9~15.9)mm;电缆的结构为:
由镀锡铜丝束合成股线,股线再进行复绞构成导体;导体外包隔离层;隔离层外包内、外绝缘层。
其中:导体的材质为符合GB/T3956规定的第6种镀锡铜导体;束合的节径比是20~25,导体复绞最外层节径比10~14。
隔离层是薄型无纺布绕包构成,绕包带搭盖宽度不小于5mm。
内绝缘的标称厚度为0.2mm,外绝缘层的标称厚度为0.9mm,绝缘总标称厚度为1.10mm,平均厚度不小于标称厚度,最薄处厚度不小于0.89mm(1.1×90%-0.1mm)。
与现有技术相比,本电缆的技术性能更优,完全可以达到如下技术要求:
1、电缆导体的最高长期允许工作温度125℃。
2、电缆敷设时,环境温度不低于-15℃;电缆使用时,环境温度不低于-40℃。
3、短路时(最长持续时间不超过5s)电缆的最高温度250℃。
4、电缆的允许弯曲半径4D(D—电缆直径)。
5、绝缘-40低温拉伸:40%。
6、绝缘的耐矿物油性能满足(100℃,72h),耐油后抗张强度变化率-15%,耐油后断裂伸长率变化率-19%。
7、绝缘的耐燃料油性能满足(70℃,168h),耐油后抗张强度变化率-24%,耐油后断裂伸长率变化率-28%。
8、20℃绝缘电阻:580MΩ.km。
9、90℃绝缘电阻:42MΩ.km。
10、电缆满足通过单根、成束C类试验。
11、电缆烟密度通光率达到76%。
12、绝缘的毒性指数均不大于3。
本电缆尤其适用于铁路车辆供电系统。
附图说明
图1是本实施例电缆的径向截面示意图。
图中:导体1、隔离层2、内绝缘层3、外绝缘层4。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图与具体实施方式对本技术方案进一步说明如下:
如图1所示结构的电缆,电缆外径范围是(13.9~15.9)mm;电缆的结构为:
由镀锡铜丝束合成股线,股线再进行复绞构成导体;导体外包隔离层;隔离层外包内、外绝缘层。
其中:导体的材质为符合GB/T3956规定的第6种镀锡铜导体;束合的节径比是20~25,导体复绞最外层节径比10~14。
隔离层是薄型无纺布绕包构成,绕包带搭盖宽度不小于5mm。
内绝缘的标称厚度为0.2mm,外绝缘层的标称厚度为0.9mm,绝缘总标称厚度为1.10mm,平均厚度不小于标称厚度,最薄处厚度不小于0.89mm(1.1×90%-0.1mm)。
本实施例的铁路车辆用较薄橡皮绝缘电缆制造方法,步骤包括:
1)导体制造:
由镀锡铜丝束合成股线,导体束合股线时采用进口尼霍夫束线机进行束合,束合时左向12股,右向7股,齿轮系列采用A类,轮号40T,股线束合节距(50~54)mm,导体束合节径比20~25,股线再进行复绞构成导体,股线复绞时,采用退扭笼绞设备进行绞合,牵引轮牵引速度13m/min,牵引齿轮档位14级,1+6根股线绞合层绞笼转向为右向,绞笼转速86.4rpm,绞合节距(131-150)mm,12根股线绞合层绞笼转向为右向,绞笼转速75.9rpm,绞合节距(152-170)mm,导体外层节径比10~14,最终导体的绞合外径(12.5~12.9)mm。
导体外设有隔离带,导体外采用一层薄型无纺布进行绕包,绕包带搭盖宽度不小于5mm,绕包时,绕包头转速281r/min,绕包带宽度40mm,绕包节距为45mm。
2)内、外绝缘层的制造:
绕包导体外挤包低烟无卤阻燃橡胶绝缘料构成,绝缘挤包时,绝缘采用双层共挤工艺,连硫挤包采用特勒斯特连硫生产线进行生产,挤包时主机(五温区)温度:一区55℃、二区60℃、三区65℃、四区70℃、五区75℃;辅机(四温区)温度:一区65℃、二区80℃、三区80℃、四区85℃;机头温度:一区80℃、二区80℃、三区80℃。硫化管管壁加热的温度:190℃、210℃、215℃、220℃、225℃。生产时蒸汽压力13bar,生产速度25m/min,主机螺杆转速65r/min,辅机螺杆转速30r/min,硫化管中冷却水水位15%。
内绝缘料和外绝缘料组成成分上有着差异,内绝缘是耐油性能较好,外绝缘是低烟无卤阻燃性能较好。正因如此,内绝缘和外绝缘在电缆系统中担任着不同的角色,内绝缘有着优异的电性能,可以提到电缆的耐电压等级,外绝缘有着良好的低烟无卤阻燃、耐油、耐低温等性能,使电缆具有良好的低烟无卤阻燃、耐油、耐低温等性能,在整个电缆中,两种材料性能的互补,使电缆的整体性能得到完善。
但是在结构设计时,内绝缘厚度不能偏大,因为内绝缘材料是乙丙材料,燃烧时发烟量很大,并且阻燃性能差,假如内绝缘厚度偏大就会给电缆的低烟无卤阻燃性能造成影响,甚至导致产品低烟无卤阻燃性能不合格,经过多轮的验证,最终确定内绝缘厚度为0.2mm最为适宜,既保证了电缆的电性能,又保证了电缆的低烟无卤阻燃性能。
本例采用的内、外绝缘料中:
内绝缘料的组分包括:三元乙丙橡胶80~100份,乙烯醋酸乙烯酯0~20份,硫化剂2~5份,共硫化剂0~2份,硫化促进剂5~10份,填料60~100份,抗氧剂1~3份,软化剂4~20份,润滑剂10~30份。上述份数为质量份数。
本例中,硫化剂为过氧化苯甲酰,共硫化剂为三聚氰酸三烯丙酯,硫化促进剂为氧化锌,填料为氢氧化镁,抗氧剂为1,2-双[β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酰]肼,软化剂为二甲基硅油,润滑剂为石蜡。
三元乙丙橡胶第三单体为ENB或VNB,第三单体质量含量2-5%,乙烯质量含量为65-75%。例如,三元乙丙橡胶为埃克森美孚公司的Vistalon 1703P、埃克森美孚公司的Vistalon 8731、阿朗新科Keltan 2470E或美国狮子化学EPDM4191中的至少一种。
内绝缘料的制备方法:
1)将三元乙丙橡胶和乙烯醋酸乙烯酯在密炼机中密炼3~5min;
2)将其它组分一次性加入到密炼机中与步骤1)所得物料混炼5~10min;
3)将步骤2)所得物料移出密炼机,置于双辊开炼机上混炼,然后加入到滤橡机滤橡;
4)将步骤3)所得物料经开炼机混炼称重后加入密炼机继续密炼,在密炼过程中加入硫化剂及共硫化剂,然后继续密炼0.5~2min;
5)将步骤4)所得物料经过双辊开炼拉薄通,之后经过三辊碾页下片得到混炼物料,即内绝缘料。
步骤2)中混炼温度小于125℃;
步骤3)中滤橡温度小于150℃;
步骤4)中密炼温度小于110℃。
外绝缘料的组分包括:乙烯醋酸乙烯酯80~100份,低密度聚乙烯LDPE0~20份,硫化剂2~5份,共硫化剂0~2份,硫化促进剂5~10份,填料20~60份,阻燃剂50~120,抗氧剂1~3份,偶联剂0~5份,软化剂4~20份,润滑剂10~30份。上述份数为质量份数。
本例中,乙烯醋酸乙烯酯中,醋酸乙烯(VA)质量含量为40-70%;硫化剂为过氧化二异丙苯;共硫化剂为三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯;硫化促进剂为氧化锌;填料为煅烧陶土;抗氧剂为2,2,4-三甲基-1,2-二氢化喹啉聚合物;偶联剂为乙烷基三-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷;软化剂为二甲基硅油;润滑剂为石蜡。
外绝缘料的制备方法:
1)将乙烯醋酸乙烯酯和低密度聚乙烯在密炼机中密炼3~5min;
2)将其它组分一次性加入到密炼机中与步骤1)所得物料混炼5~10min;
3)将步骤2)所得物料移出密炼机,置于双辊开炼机上混炼,然后加入到滤橡机滤橡;
4)将步骤3)所得物料经开炼机混炼称重后加入密炼机继续密炼,在密炼过程中加入硫化剂及共硫化剂,然后继续密炼0.5~2min;
5)将步骤4)所得物料经过双辊开炼拉薄通,之后经过三辊碾页下片得到混炼物料,即外绝缘料。
步骤2)中混炼温度小于125℃;
步骤3)中滤橡温度小于150℃;
步骤4)中密炼温度小于110℃。
经试产验证,较优的方案为:
所述步骤1)中,束合、绞合过程中:
a)导体束合时,导体束合节距54mm,股线束合节径比25;
b)导体复绞时,1+6股线层:绞笼转速86.4rpm,股线束合节距108mm;
c)导体复绞时,12根股线层:绞笼转速75.9rpm,股线束合节距170mm;
d)导体复绞时,导体外层节径比14。
所述步骤2)导体外采用一层薄型无纺布进行绕包,绕包带搭盖宽度不小于5mm,绕包时,绕包头转速281r/min,绕包带宽度40mm,绕包节距为45mm。
所述步骤3)绝缘料为挤包的低烟无卤阻燃橡胶构成,绝缘挤包时,绝缘采用双层共挤工艺,连硫挤包采用进口特勒斯特连硫生产线进行生产,
主挤橡机机温区控制为:一区55℃、二区60℃、三区65℃、四区70℃、五区75℃;
辅挤橡机温区控制为:一区65℃、二区80℃、三区80℃、四区85℃;
机头温度:一区80℃、二区80℃、三区80℃;
硫化管管壁各段加热温度依次为:190℃、210℃、215℃、220℃和225℃;
生产时蒸汽压力13bar,生产速度25m/min,主机螺杆转速65r/min,辅机螺杆转速30r/min,硫化管中冷却水水位高度为15%。
在试产中,对于步骤3)的双层共挤还进行了如下参数的实验,但从结果看,它们的电缆良品率(体现在各个功能层之间的粘结特性、电缆的同心程度、圆整度、电缆机械和电学性能方面)均低于上述较优方案。
实验1中:
挤出内绝缘料的主挤橡机温区控制为:一区50℃、二区55℃、三区65℃、四区65℃、五区75℃;
挤出外绝缘料的辅挤橡机温区控制为:一区65℃、二区75℃、三区80℃、四区80℃;
机头温度:一区60℃、二区70℃、三区80℃;
硫化管管壁各段加热温度依次为:170℃、190℃、210℃、220℃和225℃;
生产时蒸汽压力10bar,生产速度24m/min,主挤橡机螺杆转速60r/min,辅挤橡机螺杆转速20r/min。
实验2中:
挤出内绝缘料的主挤橡机温区控制为:一区60℃、二区65℃、三区70℃、四区75℃、五区80℃;
挤出外绝缘料的辅挤橡机温区控制为:一区70℃、二区85℃、三区85℃、四区85℃;
机头温度:一区80℃、二区85℃、三区90℃;
硫化管管壁各段加热温度依次为:190℃、210℃、220℃、225℃和230℃;
生产时蒸汽压力14bar,生产速度5m/min,主挤橡机螺杆转速80r/min,辅挤橡机螺杆转速60r/min。
采用以上的工艺和电缆结构设计,提高了产品的电性能、低烟无卤阻燃、耐低温等性能,提高了产品的质量控制的稳定性,保证了电缆的全性能符合要求,大大降低了产品不良品的产生概率。在生产过程中我们采用管壁加热的处理工艺,增强了产品的硫化环境,提高了生产效率,使绝缘挤包生产的线速度比工艺改进前提高15%。
本电缆的主要检测数据:
1、绝缘抗张强度11.5MPa,绝缘断裂伸长率200%。
2、绝缘空气箱老化:(135℃±1,168h)
绝缘老化后抗张强度保留率85%,绝缘老化后断裂伸长率保留率88%。
3、绝缘-40低温拉伸:40%。
4、绝缘的耐矿物油性能满足(100℃,72h),耐油后抗张强度变化率-15%,耐油后断裂伸长率变化率-19%。
5、绝缘的耐燃料油性能满足(70℃,168h),耐油后抗张强度变化率-24%,耐油后断裂伸长率变化率-28%。
6、20℃绝缘电阻:580MΩ.km。
7、90℃绝缘电阻:42MΩ.km。
8、电缆满足通过单根、成束C类试验。
9、电缆烟密度通光率达到76%。
10、绝缘的毒性指数均不大于3。
Claims (5)
1.一种铁路车辆用较薄橡皮绝缘电缆制造方法,其特征是电缆的外径为13.9~15.9mm;电缆的结构为:由镀锡铜丝束合成股线,股线再进行复绞构成导体;导体外包隔离层;导体外采用双层共挤工艺,挤包低烟无卤阻燃内绝缘料和橡胶外绝缘料构成内、外绝缘层;所述电缆制造方法的步骤包括:
1)导体制造:
1.1)由镀锡铜丝束合成股线:束合股线时,由束线机进行束合,束合时左向12股,右向7股,股线束合节距50~54mm,导体束合节径比20~25;
1.2)股线再进行复绞构成导体:股线复绞时,由退扭笼绞设备进行绞合;1+6根股线绞合层绞笼转向为右向;绞合节距131~150mm;12根股线绞合层绞笼转向为右向,绞合节距152~170mm,导体外层节径比10~14;
2)导体外包隔离层:
导体外采用一层薄型无纺布绕包带进行绕包,绕包带搭盖宽度不小于5mm;
3)内、外绝缘层的制造:
内、外绝缘层采用双层共挤内、外绝缘料制成:
挤出内绝缘料的主挤橡机温区控制为:一区50~60℃、二区55~65℃、三区65~70℃、四区65~75℃、五区75~80℃;一区为入料段,二区和三区为塑化段,四区和五区为均化段;
挤出外绝缘料的辅挤橡机温区控制为:一区65~70℃、二区75~85℃、三区80~85℃、四区80~85℃;一区为入料段,二区和三区为塑化段,四区为均化段;
机头温度:一区60~80℃、二区70~85℃、三区80~90℃;一区为机头段、二区为机颈段、三区为模口段;
硫化管沿进料->出料方向,管壁各段加热温度依次为:170~190℃、190~210℃、210~220℃、220~225℃和225~230℃;
生产时蒸汽压力10~14bar,生产速度24~25m/min,主挤橡机螺杆转速60~80r/min,辅挤橡机螺杆转速20~60r/min。
2.根据权利要求1所述的铁路车辆用较薄橡皮绝缘电缆制造方法,其特征是所述步骤1)中,束合、绞合过程中:
a)束合时,束合节距54mm,股线束合节径比25;
b)复绞时,1+6股线层:绞笼转速86.4rpm,股线束合节距108mm;
c)复绞时,12根股线层:绞笼转速75.9rpm,股线束合节距170mm;
d)复绞时,导体外层节径比14。
3.根据权利要求1所述的铁路车辆用较薄橡皮绝缘电缆制造方法,其特征是所述步骤2)导体外采用一层薄型无纺布进行绕包,绕包时,绕包头转速281r/min,绕包带宽度40mm,绕包节距为45mm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的铁路车辆用较薄橡皮绝缘电缆制造方法,其特征是所述步骤3)中:
主挤橡机机温区控制为:一区55℃、二区60℃、三区65℃、四区70℃、五区75℃;
辅挤橡机温区控制为:一区65℃、二区80℃、三区80℃、四区85℃;
机头温度:一区80℃、二区80℃、三区80℃;
硫化管管壁各段加热温度依次为:190℃、210℃、215℃、220℃和225℃;
生产时蒸汽压力13bar,生产速度25m/min,主机螺杆转速65r/min,辅机螺杆转速30r/min,硫化管中冷却水水位高度为15%。
5.一种由权利要求1~4任一方法制得的铁路车辆用较薄橡皮绝缘电缆,其特征是电缆外径范围是(13.9~15.9)mm;电缆的结构为:
由镀锡铜丝束合成股线,股线再进行复绞构成导体;导体外包隔离层;隔离层外包内、外绝缘层。
其中:导体的材质为符合GB/T3956规定的第6种镀锡铜导体;束合的节径比是20~25,导体复绞最外层节径比10~14。
隔离层是薄型无纺布绕包构成,绕包带搭盖宽度不小于5mm。
内绝缘的标称厚度为0.2mm,外绝缘层的标称厚度为0.9mm,绝缘总标称厚度为1.10mm,平均厚度不小于标称厚度,最薄处厚度不小于0.89mm。
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CN109326377A (zh) * | 2018-11-19 | 2019-02-12 | 无锡市明珠电缆有限公司 | 一种电力保障特种车辆用机车电缆及其制备方法 |
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WO2022095093A1 (zh) * | 2020-11-05 | 2022-05-12 | 江苏亨通电力电缆有限公司 | 一种66kV风机输电用耐扭电缆及其制备方法和用途 |
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