WO2023020312A1 - 插接端子、插接结构及机动车辆 - Google Patents
插接端子、插接结构及机动车辆 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023020312A1 WO2023020312A1 PCT/CN2022/110786 CN2022110786W WO2023020312A1 WO 2023020312 A1 WO2023020312 A1 WO 2023020312A1 CN 2022110786 W CN2022110786 W CN 2022110786W WO 2023020312 A1 WO2023020312 A1 WO 2023020312A1
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- Prior art keywords
- plug
- terminal
- terminal according
- plating layer
- plug terminal
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
- H01R13/02—Contact members
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
- H01R13/02—Contact members
- H01R13/03—Contact members characterised by the material, e.g. plating, or coating materials
Definitions
- the invention relates to the technical field of electrical connection elements, in particular to a plug terminal, a plug structure and a motor vehicle.
- Blade terminals and clip terminals are commonly used conductive elements that act as mating plugs.
- the clamping terminal is clamped by the elasticity of the metal plate. When subjected to external force or long-term insertion vibration, the metal plate is easily deformed or the elasticity is weakened, resulting in the failure of the electrical connection and the failure of the electrical function.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide a plug-in terminal, a plug-in structure and a motor vehicle, so as to alleviate the technical problem that the clamping terminal is prone to electrical connection failure when it is subjected to external force or long-term plug-in vibration.
- the present invention provides a plug-in terminal, which includes a terminal stack, the terminal stack includes at least two connecting arms, the connecting arms include a cantilever end and a fixed end, and the fixed ends of the connecting arms are fixed together, A socket slot is provided between two adjacent connecting arms; a conductive contact portion is provided at the cantilevered end.
- the present invention provides a plug-in structure, which includes the above-mentioned plug-in terminal, and further includes a counter-plug-in terminal plugged with the plug-in terminal.
- the present invention provides a motor vehicle, including the above-mentioned plug terminal.
- the present invention provides a motor vehicle, including the above-mentioned plug-in structure.
- the plug-in terminal can be mated with the plug-in terminal.
- the connecting arms of multiple terminal laminations are stacked and distributed.
- the plug-in terminal can be plugged into the socket slot, and the structure of the connecting arm reduces the Deformation and elastic weakening problems caused by excessive thickness of the board.
- the conductive contact part is in contact with the connecting arm and electrically connected, and the mating terminal is clamped by the connecting arm, and the mating terminal and the mating terminal are fixed together, and there is a large contact area between the two to ensure the connection reliability and conductivity.
- the plug terminal can ensure a stable clamping structure, reduce deformation, and increase the strength of the connecting arm.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a plug-in terminal and a pair of plug-in terminals provided by the present invention
- Fig. 2 is a front view of the plug terminal provided by the present invention.
- 3-5 are structural schematic diagrams of terminal laminations in the plug-in terminal provided by the present invention.
- 6-7 are schematic diagrams of another embodiment of plug-in terminals and counter-socket terminals provided by the present invention.
- the present invention provides a plug terminal. As shown in FIGS.
- the fixed end 22 and the fixed ends 22 of each connecting arm 20 are fixedly connected together, and an insertion slot 23 is provided between two adjacent connecting arms 20 ; the connecting arm 20 is provided with a conductive contact portion 31 .
- the conductive contact part 31 is arranged inside the insertion slot 23, and the mating terminal 50 can be mated with the plugging terminal, and the mating terminal 50 can be inserted into the insertion slot 23, and at the same time of insertion, The conductive contact portion 31 is in contact with the mating terminal 50 to realize electrical connection, which can ensure the reliability of the connection and the conductive effect.
- the conductive contact portion 31 is disposed on both sides of the socket 23 , and can respectively contact and electrically connect with two sides of the mating terminal 50 , which can increase the contact area and achieve better conductive effect.
- the conductive contact parts 31 are arranged symmetrically on both sides inside the insertion slot 23 , in order to enable the conductive contact parts 31 to better clamp the mating terminal 50 , the opposite conductive contact parts 31 are arranged symmetrically inside the insertion slot 23 , The stress can be made to correspond to achieve a better clamping effect.
- the plug terminal 50 can be mated with the plug terminal.
- the plug terminal includes a plurality of terminal laminations 10 , and the plurality of terminal laminations 10 are stacked.
- the mating terminal 50 can be plugged into the insertion slot 23, the conductive contact part 31 is in contact with the connecting arm 20 and electrically connected, the mating terminal is clamped by the connecting arm 20, and the mating terminal 50 is fixed to the plugging terminal. Together, and make a larger contact area between the two, to ensure the reliability and conductive effect of the connection.
- the plug-in terminal can ensure a stable clamping structure, reduce deformation, and increase the strength of the connecting arm 20 .
- the terminal laminate 10 is stamped or cut from a plate, and the terminal laminate 10 is in the shape of a thin sheet.
- the terminal laminates 10 in the plug-in terminal are stacked and distributed, so that the plug-in terminal has a high mechanical connection. performance, while ensuring the conductive connection performance between the plug terminal and the mating terminal 50.
- the stamping or cutting process of the plate is simple and mature, and the terminal laminations 10 can be processed quickly and in large quantities, which saves processing costs and improves production efficiency.
- the plug-in terminal 50 matched with the plug-in terminal may be in the shape of a sheet or a plate.
- the width of the connecting arm 20 or the number of terminal stacks 10 the magnitude of the clamping force is controlled, which facilitates matching with the mating terminal 50 and meets various mating requirements.
- connecting arms 20 of different sizes mating terminals 50 of different shapes can be adapted.
- the terminal stack 10 includes two connecting arms 20 , an insertion slot 23 is formed between the two connection arms 20 , and the mating terminal 50 can be inserted into the insertion slot 23 .
- the number of connecting arms 20 in the terminal stack 10 may be 2 or more.
- the terminal stack 10 includes a plurality of insertion slots 23 , and a plurality of mating terminals 50 are plugged and mated with the insertion terminals at the same time.
- the terminal stack 10 includes a terminal fixing part 40, and the fixing ends 22 of each connecting arm 20 are fixedly connected to the terminal fixing part 40, and the connecting arm 20 is connected to the cable through the terminal fixing part 40, ensuring electrical The stability of the connection.
- the terminal fixing portions 40 of two adjacent terminal stacks 10 are connected together by crimping, welding, screwing or riveting.
- Crimping is a production process in which adjacent terminal fixing parts 40 are assembled and stamped into one body using a crimping machine.
- the advantage of crimping is mass production. By using an automatic crimping machine, it is possible to quickly manufacture a large number of stable quality products.
- Welding uses friction welding, resistance welding, ultrasonic welding, arc welding, pressure welding, laser welding, explosive welding, etc., and the adjacent terminal fixing parts 40 are melted into a whole through metal welding spots, so the connection is firm and the contact resistance is low. Small.
- the threaded connection means that the adjacent terminal fixing parts 40 respectively have a threaded structure and can be screwed together, or connected together by using separate studs and nuts.
- the advantage of threaded connection is detachability, which can be assembled and disassembled repeatedly, and is suitable for scenes that require frequent disassembly.
- the riveting is to use rivets to rivet the adjacent terminal fixing parts 40 together.
- the advantages of riveting are firm connection, simple processing method and easy operation.
- the structure form of the terminal fixing part 40 is not limited to one.
- the first form is: the terminal fixing part 40 is integrally formed, and the fixing ends 22 of the connecting arms 20 are fixedly connected to the terminal fixing part 40 respectively.
- the second form is: the terminal fixing part 40 is a part of the connecting arm 20, and in each connecting arm 20, the terminal fixing part 40 and the connecting arm 20 are integrally structured, and multiple terminal fixing parts 40 in the plug-in terminal are stacked.
- the connecting arms 20 of two adjacent terminal stacks 10 are in contact with each other, and relative sliding can occur between the connecting arms 20 of each terminal stack 10, so that each terminal stack 10 maintains its own clamping. force, and can take advantage of the unevenness of the surface of the plug-in terminal to improve the stability of the connection.
- the connecting arm 20 When the mating terminal 50 is inserted into the insertion slot 23 , the connecting arm 20 can be elastically deformed, and the mating terminal 50 can be clamped by elastic force. Further, the connecting arm 20 includes a deformation portion 33 , and the conductive contact portion 31 and the deformation portion 33 are sequentially distributed along a direction in which the overhang end 21 points to the fixed end 22 .
- the inner wall of the deformed part 33 is inclined inwardly along the direction from the overhanging end 21 to the fixed end 22, so as to facilitate the deformation of the connecting arm 20, facilitate the insertion and removal of the mating terminal 50, and enhance the clamping strength of the mating terminal 50.
- the cantilevered end 21 of the connecting arm 20 is chamfered or rounded to facilitate plugging and mating with the mating terminal 50 .
- the connecting arm 20 is provided with a scraping portion 32. As shown in FIG. During the process of inserting into the slot 23 , the scraping portion 32 can scrape off foreign objects or oxides on the surface of the mating terminal 50 to expose the conductive surface of the mating terminal 50 , thereby improving the electrical performance.
- the scraping portion 32 is extended along the thickness direction 100 of the terminal stack 10 , and when the mating terminal 50 is inserted into the insertion slot 23 , the moving direction of the mating terminal 50 is perpendicular to the extending direction of the scraping portion 32 , so that It is beneficial for the scraping portion 32 to scrape the mating terminal 50 .
- the scraping portion 32 has a triangular cross-section, which enhances the scraping effect.
- the highest point of the scraping portion 32 relative to the overhanging end 21 is not higher than the highest point of the conductive contact portion 31 relative to the overhanging end 21 .
- part 32 and the conductive contact part 31 are distributed sequentially along the direction that the overhanging end 21 points to the fixed end 22, so the scraping part 32 first contacts the mating terminal 50, and then the conductive contact part 31 contacts the mating terminal 50, if the scraping part 32 is higher than the highest point of the conductive contact part 31 relative to the overhang end 21, then the highest point on the overhang end 21 is the highest point of the scraping part 32, and the conductive contact part 31 cannot touch the mating plug. terminal 50, so that it cannot play the role of conducting current.
- the contact area between the scraping part 32 and the mating terminal 50 is much smaller than the contact area between the conductive contact part 31 and the mating terminal 50, it will cause the plugging terminal and the mating terminal.
- the contact resistance between the terminals 50 increases sharply, and the conduction current will increase, resulting in an increase in the temperature of the contact points. In severe cases, the plug structure will be burned, resulting in serious consequences. Therefore, the highest point of the scraping portion 32 relative to the overhanging end 21 is not higher than the highest point of the conductive contact portion 31 relative to the overhanging end 21.
- the length of the scraping part 32 along the direction from the overhanging end 21 to the fixed end 22 accounts for 3%-55% of the length of the overhanging end 21, and the scraping part 32 can remove foreign matter or oxidation on the surface of the mating terminal 50.
- the main role of the current conduction is still the conductive contact part 31, the length of the scraping part 32 accounts for the length of the overhang end 21, the larger the length of the conductive contact part 31 accounts for The shorter the length of the overhang end 21 is, the less effective it is to conduct current.
- the force-bearing part of the scraping part 32 will be very small. After multiple insertions, the scraping part 32 will be deformed due to the influence of insertion force and friction force. It cannot play the role of removing foreign matters or oxides on the surface of the mating terminal 50 .
- the inventor selected the same pair of plug-in terminals 50 , using plug-in terminals with different ratios of the length of the scraping portion 32 to the length of the overhang end 21, after mating the plug-in terminal 50 with the plug-in terminal, after the plug-in structure is energized, the conductivity of the corresponding mating place is detected; Conduct 1000 mating tests between the mating terminal 50 and the plug-in terminal, and observe the deformation of the scraping part 32 every 10 times. If the scraping part 32 is deformed, stop the experiment and record the number of times at that time. The test results are shown in Table 1.
- the conductivity is greater than 99%.
- the number of times of insertion and insertion is less than 800 times, which is unqualified.
- the conductive contact portion 31 is extended along the thickness direction 100 of the terminal stack 10 , and the cross section of the conductive contact portion 31 is arc-shaped, trapezoidal or corrugated, so that the conductive contact portion 31 It is more closely connected with the mating terminal 50, which improves the electrical conductivity.
- the connecting arms 20 on both sides of the same insertion slot 23 are respectively provided with conductive contact portions 31 .
- the conductive contact portions 31 on both sides are arranged facing each other, so that the mating terminal 50 and the insertion terminal are more closely connected.
- the conductive contact portions 31 on both sides are staggered, which is beneficial to increase the contact area between the mating terminal 50 and the insertion terminal.
- the terminal fixing part 40 has a bending extension part 41 arranged in a plane or a non-plane, and the bending angle is within 0°-180°, so as to meet the requirements of different wiring directions conveniently.
- the terminal fixing part 40 includes a main body part and a bent extension part 41.
- the terminal fixing part 40 can be stamped or cut to form a variety of shapes between the main body part and the bent extension part 41. angle.
- the bent extension part 41 and the main body part are in the same plane, and the bending angle between the extending directions of the two is preferably 90°.
- the bending extension 41 is not in the same plane as the main body, and the bending extension 41 is bent and extended in a non-plane, and the bending angle between the extension directions of the two is preferably is 90°.
- the material of the terminal lamination 10 contains tellurium, and the body material of the terminal lamination 10 is a tellurium-copper alloy, so that the terminal has good electrical conductivity and easy cutting performance, ensures electrical performance, and can also improve workability.
- the content of tellurium in the material of the terminal lamination 10 is 0.1%-5%, which ensures electrical conductivity, and the tellurium-copper alloy has excellent elasticity.
- the content of tellurium in the tellurium-copper alloy is 0.2%-1.2%.
- the inventor selected 10 terminal laminations 10 of the same shape for testing.
- Each terminal lamination 10 has the same size, the number of terminal laminations 10 in the plug-in terminal is equal, and the body material of the terminal laminations 10 is tellurium copper. alloy, wherein the proportion of tellurium is 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%, 0.8%, 1.2%, 2%, 3%, 5%, 6%, 7%.
- the conductivity is greater than 99%.
- the body material of the terminal stack 10 contains beryllium.
- the material of the terminal lamination 10 is beryllium copper alloy, so that the terminal lamination 10 has high hardness, elastic limit, fatigue limit and wear resistance, and also has good corrosion resistance, thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity, and when impacted No sparks are produced.
- the content of beryllium in the body material of the micro-vibration terminal is 0.05%-5%.
- the content of beryllium in the body material of the micro-vibration terminal is 0.1%-3.5%.
- each terminal contains beryllium, and the content of beryllium is 0.03% respectively. , 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 1%, 1.2%, 1.8%, 3%, 3.5%, 5%, 6%.
- the test results are shown in Table 3.
- the inventors choose the terminal lamination 10 with a beryllium content of 0.05%-5%.
- the terminal lamination 10 with a beryllium content of 0.1% to 3.5% is selected under the most ideal conditions.
- At least part of the surface of the terminal stack 10 is provided with a plating layer to improve corrosion resistance, improve electrical conductivity, increase the number of insertion times, and better prolong the service life of the insertion structure.
- the conductive contact portion 31 is provided with a plating layer, and the plating layer on the surface of the conductive contact portion 31 is a first plating layer.
- a coating is provided on the surface of the scraping portion 32 , and the coating on the surface of the scraping portion 32 is a second coating.
- the surface of the connecting arm 20 other than the conductive contact portion 31 and the scraping portion 32 is provided with a plating layer, and the plating layer on the surface of the connecting arm 20 other than the conductive contact portion 31 and the scraping portion 32 is a third plating layer.
- a plating layer is provided on the surface of the terminal fixing portion 40 , and the plating layer on the surface of the terminal fixing portion 40 is a fourth plating layer.
- the material of the first coating layer, the material of the second coating layer, the material of the third coating layer and the material of the fourth coating layer are different, that is: among the first coating layer, the second coating layer, the third coating layer and the fourth coating layer, at least The material of one is not the same as the other, which can be
- the material of the first coating layer is different from the material of the other three coating layers, and the material of the other three coating layers is the same; or,
- the material of the second coating is different from the material of the other three coatings, which are of the same material; or,
- the material of the third coating is different from that of the other three coatings, and the materials of the other three coatings are the same; or,
- the material of the fourth coating layer is different from that of the other three coating layers, and the materials of the other three coating layers are the same. can also be
- the material of the first coating layer is the same as that of the second coating layer, the material of the third coating layer is the same as that of the fourth coating layer, and the material of the first coating layer is different from that of the third coating layer; or,
- the material of the first coating layer is the same as that of the third coating layer, the material of the second coating layer is the same as that of the fourth coating layer, and the material of the first coating layer is different from that of the second coating layer; or,
- the material of the first coating layer is the same as that of the fourth coating layer, the material of the second coating layer is the same as that of the third coating layer, and the material of the first coating layer is different from that of the second coating layer.
- the thickness of the first coating layer, the thickness of the second coating layer, the thickness of the third coating layer and the thickness of the fourth coating layer are different, that is: among the first coating layer, the second coating layer, the third coating layer and the fourth coating layer, at least The thickness of one is not the same as the others and can be:
- the thickness of the first coating is different from the thickness of the other three coatings, which are the same thickness; or,
- the thickness of the second coating is different from the thickness of the other three coatings, which are the same thickness; or,
- the thickness of the third coating is different from the thickness of the other three coatings, which are the same thickness; or,
- the thickness of the fourth coating layer is different from that of the other three coating layers, and the thickness of the other three coating layers is the same. can also be:
- the thickness of the first coating layer is the same as that of the second coating layer, the material of the third coating layer is the same as the thickness of the fourth coating layer, and the thickness of the first coating layer is different from the thickness of the third coating layer; or,
- the thickness of the first coating layer is the same as the thickness of the third coating layer, the material of the second coating layer is the same as the thickness of the fourth coating layer, and the thickness of the first coating layer is different from the thickness of the second coating layer; or,
- the thickness of the first coating layer is the same as that of the fourth coating layer, the material of the second coating layer is the same as the thickness of the third coating layer, and the thickness of the first coating layer is different from that of the second coating layer.
- the material of the third coating layer is the same as that of the fourth coating layer, and the material of the first coating layer or the material of the second coating layer is different from the material of the third coating layer, that is: the material of the first coating layer and the material of the third coating layer are not the same, or the material of the second coating is not the same as that of the third coating.
- the thickness of the third coating is the same as the thickness of the fourth coating, and the thickness of the first coating or the thickness of the second coating is different from the thickness of the third coating, that is: the thickness of the first coating and the thickness of the third coating Not the same, or the thickness of the second coating is not the same as the thickness of the third coating.
- metal coatings have different conductive effects and corrosion resistance. Metal coatings with higher prices have better electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance, and can be used for more plugging and unplugging. In a more complex environment, a longer service life is obtained, but also due to the higher price, the use of these metal coatings is limited. Therefore, the inventor uses gold, silver, silver-antimony alloy, graphite silver, graphene silver, palladium-nickel alloy, tin-lead alloy or silver-gold-zirconium alloy on positions with many times of plugging and unplugging or exposure to the environment. However, higher-priced metal materials are used as coating materials.
- lower-priced materials are used as coating materials in some places where the number of plugging and unplugging is less and is not easy to be exposed.
- a metal with better conductive effect and corrosion resistance but more expensive is used as the coating material
- a lower-priced material is used as the coating material.
- the plating layer will be scratched and corroded by the external environment. If the thickness of the plating layer is thin, it will be easy to To be scratched or corroded, therefore, the inventors will place a thicker plating on these positions to increase the scratch and corrosion resistance of the plug-in terminal, for example, on the conductive contact portion 31 and the scraped portion 32 . At the same time, in other areas, because there will be no scratches and no exposure to the use environment, a plating layer with a lower thickness can be used to reduce costs, such as on the terminal fixing part 40 .
- the plating layer can be disposed on the terminal stack 10 by means of electroplating, electroless plating, magnetron sputtering or vacuum plating.
- the electroplating method is the process of plating a thin layer of other metals or alloys on the metal surface by using the principle of electrolysis.
- the electroless plating method is a process of metal deposition through a controllable oxidation-reduction reaction under the catalysis of metals.
- the magnetron sputtering method uses the interaction between the magnetic field and the electric field to make the electrons run in a spiral shape near the target surface, thereby increasing the probability that the electrons collide with the argon gas to generate ions, and the generated ions hit the target surface under the action of the electric field.
- the target is sputtered.
- the vacuum plating method is to deposit various metal and non-metal films on the surface of parts by distillation or sputtering under vacuum conditions.
- the coating material contains one or more of gold, silver, nickel, tin, zinc, tin-lead alloy, silver-antimony alloy, palladium, palladium-nickel alloy, graphite silver, graphene silver, and silver-gold-zirconium alloy. kind.
- gold gold, silver, nickel, tin, zinc, tin-lead alloy, silver-antimony alloy, palladium, palladium-nickel alloy, graphite silver, graphene silver, and silver-gold-zirconium alloy.
- gold gold
- silver nickel, tin, zinc, tin-lead alloy, silver-antimony alloy, palladium, palladium-nickel alloy, graphite silver, graphene silver, and silver-gold-zirconium alloy.
- As an active metal copper will undergo oxidation reaction with oxygen and water during use, so one or several inert metals are required as the coating to prolong the service life of the plug-in terminal.
- a better wear-resistant metal is also required
- the number of plugging and unplugging in Table 4 is to fix the plug-in terminals on the test bench respectively, and use a mechanical device to simulate plug-in and pull-out of the aluminum flat strip, and stop to observe the damage of the surface coating of the plug-in terminals after every 100 plug-in and pull-outs In the case of scratches on the surface coating of the terminal, and the material of the terminal itself is exposed, the experiment is stopped, and the number of times of insertion and extraction at that time is recorded. In this embodiment, it is unqualified if the number of times of plugging and unplugging is less than 8000 times.
- the corrosion resistance time test in Table 4 is to put the plug-in terminal into the salt spray test box, spray salt spray on each position of the plug-in terminal, take it out and clean it every 20 hours, and observe the surface corrosion, that is, One cycle, until the corrosion area on the surface of the plug-in terminal is greater than 10% of the total area, stop the test, and record the number of cycles at that time. In this embodiment, the number of cycles less than 80 is considered unqualified.
- the coating material contains the commonly used metals tin, nickel, and zinc, the experimental results are not as good as other selected metals. All pass. However, the experimental results of other metals are more than the standard value, and the performance is relatively stable. Therefore, the inventor selects the coating material to contain one or more of gold, silver, nickel, tin, zinc, tin-lead alloy, silver-antimony alloy, palladium, palladium-nickel alloy, graphite silver, graphene silver, and silver-gold-zirconium alloy. .
- the plating layer includes a bottom layer and a surface layer, and the plating layer adopts a multi-layer plating method. After the terminal laminate 10 is processed, there are still many gaps and holes under the surface microscopic interface, and these gaps and holes are the biggest cause of wear and corrosion of the terminal laminate 10 during use.
- a bottom layer is first plated to fill the gaps and holes on the surface, so that the surface of the terminal lamination 10 is flat and free of holes, and then the surface layer is plated, so that the combination will be stronger and the It is smoother and has no gaps and holes on the surface of the coating, which makes the wear resistance, corrosion resistance and electrical performance of the plug terminals better, and greatly prolongs the service life of the plug terminals.
- the underlying material contains one or more of gold, silver, nickel, tin, tin-lead alloy and zinc; the surface material contains gold, silver, nickel, tin, zinc, tin-lead alloy, silver antimony One or more of alloy, palladium, palladium-nickel alloy, graphite silver, graphene silver and silver-gold-zirconium alloy.
- the thickness of the bottom layer is 0.01 ⁇ m ⁇ 12 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the bottom layer is 0.1 ⁇ m ⁇ 9 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the surface layer is 0.5 ⁇ m ⁇ 50 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the surface layer is 1 ⁇ m to 35 ⁇ m.
- the inventor uses the same specification and material, adopts plug-in terminals with different thicknesses of the nickel-plated bottom layer, and the same thickness of the silver-plated surface layer, and uses the same specification of the plug-in terminal 50 Do a series of temperature rise and corrosion resistance time tests, and the experimental results are shown in Table 5.
- the temperature rise test in Table 5 is to pass the same current to the plug-in structure, detect the temperature at the same position of the plug-in terminal before power-on and after the temperature is stabilized in a closed environment, and make the difference to take the absolute value. In this embodiment, a temperature rise greater than 50K is considered unqualified.
- the corrosion resistance time test in Table 5 is to put the plug-in terminal into the salt spray test box, spray salt spray on each position of the plug-in terminal, take it out and clean it every 20 hours, and observe the surface corrosion. That is, one cycle, until the surface corrosion area of the terminal is greater than 10% of the total area, stop the test, and record the number of cycles at that time. In this embodiment, the number of cycles less than 80 is considered unqualified.
- the thickness of the underlying nickel plating layer is greater than 12 ⁇ m, due to the thick underlying plating, the heat generated by the plug-in structure cannot be dissipated, so that the temperature rise of the plug-in structure is unqualified, and the thicker plating layer is easy to dissipate from the surface of the terminal lamination 10 Falling off, resulting in a decrease in the number of cycles of corrosion resistance. Therefore, the inventors choose the thickness of the bottom plating layer to be 0.01 ⁇ m ⁇ 12 ⁇ m.
- the inventors found that when the thickness of the underlying coating is 0.1 ⁇ m to 9 ⁇ m, the comprehensive effect of the temperature rise and corrosion resistance of the plug-in structure is better. Therefore, in order to further improve the safety, reliability and practicability of the product itself, preferably The thickness of the underlying coating is 0.1 ⁇ m to 9 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the surface silver plating layer is greater than 50 ⁇ m, due to the thick surface plating layer, the heat generated by the terminal cannot be dissipated, which makes the temperature rise unqualified, and the thicker plating layer is easy to fall off from the surface of the terminal, resulting in a decrease in the number of cycles of corrosion resistance.
- the surface coating metal is more expensive, the use of a thicker coating does not improve performance, and there is no use value. Therefore, the inventors selected the thickness of the surface silver plating layer to be 0.5 ⁇ m ⁇ 50 ⁇ m.
- the inventors found that when the thickness of the surface coating is 1 ⁇ m to 35 ⁇ m, the comprehensive effect of the temperature rise and corrosion resistance of the terminal is better. Therefore, in order to further improve the safety, reliability and practicability of the product itself, the preferred surface coating thickness is 1 ⁇ m ⁇ 35 ⁇ m.
- the material of the coating on the cantilever end 21 is different from that on the fixed end 22 . From the above description, it can be known that different metal coatings have different conductive effects and corrosion resistance. Metal coatings with higher prices have better electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance, and can be plugged and unplugged more. It is used in a more complex environment to obtain a longer service life, but it is also due to the high price, which limits the use of these metal coatings.
- the inventor can use gold, silver, silver-antimony alloy, graphite silver, graphene silver, palladium-nickel alloy, tin-lead alloy or Silver-gold-zirconium alloy has excellent performance, but the metal material with higher price is used as the coating material, and the fixed end 22 is the position where the wire is connected. It is protected inside the plastic case and will not be exposed to the use environment. Therefore, the inventor uses commonly used metals tin, nickel, and zinc as the plating material of the fixed end 22 to reduce the cost of the connection structure.
- the ratio of the minimum width of the connecting arm 20 to the thickness of the connecting arm 20 is 0.5-10.
- the terminal stack 10 has elasticity so that it can be plugged into the mating terminal 50 . Only when the ratio of the width to the thickness of the connecting arm 20 of the terminal stack 10 does not exceed a certain range, it has practical value. Because when the ratio is too large, the thickness is too small, resulting in the overall strength of the terminal stack 10 being too small, and more terminal stacks 10 are required to meet actual needs, which means more working time is required. And when the ratio is too large, that is, the thickness is too large, the terminal lamination 10 is not easy to deform and affect the insertion with the mating terminal 50 .
- the inventor conducted a test.
- the test method is as follows. The inventor selects the same mating terminal 50 and different terminal laminations 10 , and each terminal lamination 10 has connecting arms 20 with the same width and different thicknesses. Using different terminal laminations 10 and mating terminals 50 for the plug-in test, if the connecting arm 20 is too thick to cause insertion or the connecting arm 20 is too thin to cause unrecoverable deformation, it is unqualified, and the rest are qualified. The results are shown in Table 7.
- connection arm 20 when the ratio of the minimum width to thickness of the connection arm 20 is less than 0.5, the connection arm 20 will be deformed during the insertion process, resulting in the scrapping of the terminal stack 10; when the minimum width and thickness of the connection arm 20 When the ratio of the connecting arm 20 is greater than 10, plugging cannot be performed. Therefore, the inventor prefers that the ratio of the minimum width of the connecting arm 20 to the thickness of the connecting arm 20 be 0.5-10.
- the gap between the connecting arms of two adjacent terminal stacks 10 is less than 0.2 mm.
- the purpose of providing a gap between the terminal laminations 10 is to allow air to flow through the adjacent connecting arms 20, which can reduce the temperature rise between the mating terminal 50 and the plugging terminal, protect the plating layer, and prolong the service life of the plugging structure.
- One purpose is to release the elasticity of the connecting arms 20 themselves, so as to ensure the clamping force between the opposite connecting arms 20, and also ensure the plugging force.
- the gap between the adjacent connecting arms 20 is not as large as possible.
- the connecting arms 20 of two adjacent terminal stacks When the gap between the connecting arms 20 of two adjacent terminal stacks is greater than 0.2 mm, the heat dissipation function is not increased, but the connecting arms with the same contact area 20 takes up a larger width, wasting space. In addition, since the terminal fixing parts are bonded together, the connecting arm 20 with the same contact area will consume more volume of the mating terminal 50, thereby increasing the amount of terminals used and the cost of the plugging structure.
- connection arm 20 is made of memory alloy.
- Memory alloy is a smart metal with memory. Its microstructure has two relatively stable states. At high temperature, this alloy can be changed into any desired shape, and at lower temperature, the alloy can be stretched. , but if it is reheated, it will remember its original shape and change back. The crystal structure of the memory alloy is different above and below the transformation temperature, but when the temperature changes up and down the transformation temperature, the memory alloy It will shrink or expand, causing its shape to change.
- the transformation temperature of the memory alloy is 40°C-70°C.
- the plurality of connecting arms 20 are in an expanded state; when the temperature of the connecting arms 20 is higher than the state In the abnormal temperature state, multiple connecting arms are in a clamped state.
- the transformation temperature is selected between 40°C and 70°C, because if the transformation temperature is lower than 40°C, the ambient temperature of the plug-in terminal will reach close to 40°C without conducting current.
- the first connecting arm 20 will be in a clamped state, and the connecting slot of the plug-in terminal becomes smaller, and the aluminum flat strip cannot be inserted into the connecting slot, which will cause the plug-in structure of the aluminum flat strip and the terminal to be unable to be inserted, and thus cannot working.
- the plug terminal and the mating terminal 50 begin to conduct electricity after they are plugged together. Since the plurality of connecting arms 20 are in an expanded state when the plugging is first started, the contact area between the plug terminal and the mating terminal 50 is small, and the current If the abnormal temperature is higher than 70°C, the temperature of the terminal will take a long time, and the plugging structure of the plug terminal and the mating terminal 50 will be in a high current state for a long time, which will easily cause Electrical aging, in severe cases, overload and damage will occur, causing unnecessary losses.
- the transformation temperature of the memory alloy is set between 40°C and 70°C.
- the present invention also provides a plug-in structure, which includes the above-mentioned plug-in terminal, and further includes a counter-plug terminal 50 plugged into the plug-in terminal.
- the insertion force between the plug terminal and the mating terminal 50 is between 3N-150N.
- the insertion force between the plug terminal and the mating terminal 50 is between 10N-95N.
- the inventor selected the plugging terminal and the mating terminal 50 of the same shape and size. , and design the insertion force between the plug terminal and the mating terminal 50 as different plugging forces, to observe the contact resistance between the plug terminal and the mating terminal 50, and the situation after multiple matings.
- the detection method of the contact resistance is to use a micro-resistance measuring instrument to measure the resistance at the contact position between the plug terminal and the mating terminal 50, and read the value on the micro-resistance measuring instrument.
- the contact resistance is less than 50 ⁇ is the ideal value.
- the test method for the plug-in terminal and the plug-in terminal 50 is to plug the plug-in terminal and the plug-in terminal 50 50 times, observe the number of drops and unpluggable after plugging and unplugging, and the number of drops after plugging and unplugging It is required to be less than 3 times, and the number of times that cannot be plugged and unplugged is required to be less than 5 times.
- the contact resistance between the plug terminal and the mating terminal 50 is less than 9m ⁇ .
- a large current needs to be conducted. If the contact resistance between the plug terminal and the mating terminal 50 is greater than 9m ⁇ , a large temperature rise will occur at the contact position, and as time increases, the temperature will increase. The higher the height, the different materials and thermal expansion rates of the plug-in terminal and the counter-socket terminal 50 will result in asynchronous mechanical deformation and internal stress.
- the high temperature of the plug terminal and the mating terminal 50, or the conduction to the insulation layer of the wire connected to it causes the corresponding insulation layer to melt, which cannot play the role of insulation protection. In severe cases, it will cause a short circuit and cause The connection structure is damaged, or even burns and other safety accidents. Therefore, the inventors set the contact resistance between the plug terminal and the mating terminal 50 to be less than 9m ⁇ .
- the inventor selected the same mating terminal 50 and plug-in terminals with different contact resistances, and carried out conductivity and temperature rise test,
- the conductivity test is to detect the conductivity of the corresponding mating place after the mating terminal 50 is plugged into the mating terminal and the plugging structure is energized.
- the conductivity is greater than 99% as an ideal value.
- the temperature rise test is to pass the same current to the plug-in structure, detect the temperature at the same position of the plug-in terminal before power-on and after the temperature is stabilized in a closed environment, and make the difference to take the absolute value.
- a temperature rise greater than 50K is considered unqualified.
- the present invention also provides a motor vehicle, comprising the above-mentioned plug terminal.
- the present invention also provides a motor vehicle, including the above-mentioned plug-in structure.
Abstract
本发明提供了一种插接端子、插接结构及机动车辆，该插接端子包括端子叠片，所述端子叠片包括至少两个连接臂，所述连接臂包括悬伸端和固定端，所述连接臂的固定端固接到一起，相邻两个所述连接臂之间设有插接槽；所述悬伸端设有导电接触部。通过本发明，缓解了夹持端子当受到外力或长时间对插振动时，容易发生电气连接失效的技术问题。
Description
相关申请
本申请要求专利申请号为202110944154.6、申请日为2021年08月17日、发明名称为“插接端子、插接结构及机动车辆”的中国发明专利的优先权。
本发明涉及电连接元件的技术领域，尤其是一种插接端子、插接结构及机动车辆。
片状端子与夹持端子是常用的起对插作用的导电元件。夹持端子利用金属板的弹性进行夹持，当受到外力或长时间对插振动时，金属板容易变形或者弹性减弱，导致电气连接失效，电器功能无法实现。
因此，电连接元件的技术领域急需一种连接稳定，夹持端子收到外力或长时间对插振动时，也不会发生电气连接失效的插接端子。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种插接端子、插接结构及机动车辆，以缓解夹持端子当受到外力或长时间对插振动时，容易发生电气连接失效的技术问题。
本发明的上述目的可采用下列技术方案来实现：
本发明提供一种插接端子，包括端子叠片，所述端子叠片包括至少两个连接臂，所述连接臂包括悬伸端和固定端，所述连接臂的固定端固接到一起，相邻两个所述连接臂之间设有插接槽；所述悬伸端设有导电接触部。
本发明提供一种插接结构，包括上述的插接端子，还包括和所述插接端子插接的对插端子。
本发明提供一种机动车辆，包括上述的插接端子。
本发明提供一种机动车辆，包括上述的插接结构。
本发明的特点及优点是：
对插端子可以与该插接端子插接配合，该插接端子中，多个端子叠片的连接臂层叠 分布，对插端子能够插接于插接槽中，并通过连接臂结构降低由于金属板过厚导致的变形和弹性减弱问题。导电接触部与连接臂接触配合并电连接，通过连接臂将对插端子夹紧，将对插端子与该插接端子固定到一起，并使两者之间具有较大的接触面积，保障连接的可靠性和导电效果。该插接端子能够保证夹持结构稳固，减少变形，增加连接臂的强度。
以下附图仅旨在于对本发明做示意性说明和解释，并不限定本发明的范围。其中：
图1为本发明提供的插接端子与对插端子一实施方式的插接示意图；
图2为本发明提供的插接端子的正视图；
图3-图5为本发明提供的插接端子中的端子叠片的结构示意图；
图6-图7为本发明提供的插接端子与对插端子另一实施方式的插接示意图。
为了对本发明的技术特征、目的和效果有更加清楚的理解，现对照附图说明本发明的具体实施方式。在本发明的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。
方案一
本发明提供了一种插接端子，如图1-图2所示，该插接端子包括端子叠片10，端子叠片10包括至少两个连接臂20，连接臂20包括悬伸端21和固定端22，各个连接臂20的固定端22固接到一起，相邻两个连接臂20之间设有插接槽23；连接臂20设有导电接触部31。
在一实施方式中，导电接触部31设置在插接槽23内部，对插端子50可以与该插接端子插接配合，对插端子50能够插接于插接槽23中，插入的同时，导电接触部31与对插端子50进行接触并实现电连接，能够保障连接的可靠性和导电效果。
优选地，导电接触部31设置在插接槽23内部两侧，能够分别与对插端子50的两个侧面进行接触并实现电连接，能够增大接触面积，实现更好的导电效果。
优选地，导电接触部31在插接槽23内部两侧对称设置，为了能使导电接触部31更好的夹持对插端子50，在插接槽23内部相对的导电接触部31对称设置，可以使应力对应，实现更好的夹持效果。
在一实施方式中，对插端子50可以与该插接端子插接配合，该插接端子中，插接端子包括多个端子叠片10，多个端子叠片10层叠设置。对插端子50能够插接于插接槽23中，导电接触部31与连接臂20接触配合并电连接，通过连接臂20将对插端子夹紧，将对插端子50与该插接端子固定到一起，并使两者之间具有较大的接触面积，保障连接的可靠性和导电效果。该插接端子能够保证夹持结构稳固，减少变形，增加连接臂20的强度。
在一实施方式中，端子叠片10利用板材冲压或切割而成，端子叠片10为薄片状，该插接端子中的端子叠片10层叠分布，使该插接端子具有较高的机械连接性能，同时保障了该插接端子与对插端子50的导电连接性能。板材冲压或切割的加工方式简单，工艺成熟，可以快速大批量的加工端子叠片10，节省加工成本，提高生产效率。
与该插接端子配合的对插端子50可以为片状或者板状。通过调整连接臂20的宽度或者端子叠片10的数量，控制夹紧力的大小，方便与对插端子50适配，满足多种对插要求。通过不同尺寸的连接臂20，可以适应不同形状的对插端子50。
如图2所示，端子叠片10包括两个连接臂20，两个连接臂20之间形成一个插接槽23，对插端子50可以插接于该插接槽23中。端子叠片10中的连接臂20的数量可以为2个或者更多，端子叠片10包括多个插接槽23，多个对插端子50同时与该插接端子插接配合。
在一实施方式中，端子叠片10包括端子固定部40，各个连接臂20的固定端22均固接于端子固定部40，连接臂20通过端子固定部40来与线缆连接，保证了电气连接的稳定。
在一实施方式中，相邻两个端子叠片10的端子固定部40通过压接、焊接、螺接或铆接连接在一起。
压接是将相邻的端子固定部40装配后，使用压接机，将两者冲压为一体的生产工艺。压接的优点是量产性，通过采用自动压接机能够迅速大量的制造稳定品质的产品。
焊接是采用摩擦焊、电阻焊、超声波焊、弧焊、压力焊、激光焊、爆炸焊等方式，将相邻的端子固定部40通过金属焊点熔为一个整体，所以连接牢固、接点电阻较小。
螺纹连接是相邻的端子固定部40分别具有螺纹结构，能够互相螺接在一起，或者使用单独的螺柱和螺母连接在一起。螺纹连接的优点是可拆卸性，能够反复进行组装和拆卸，适用于需要经常拆卸的场景。
铆接是采用铆钉，将相邻的端子固定部40铆接在一起，铆接的优点是连接牢固， 加工方法简单，易于操作。
端子固定部40的结构形式不限于一种。形式一为：端子固定部40为一体成型结构，各个连接臂20的固定端22分别固接于端子固定部40。形式二为：端子固定部40为连接臂20的一部分，各个连接臂20中，端子固定部40与连接臂20为一体结构，同时插接端子中的多个端子固定部40层叠设置。
在一实施方式中，相邻两个端子叠片10的连接臂20之间接触配合，各个端子叠片10的连接臂20之间可以产生相对滑动，使各个端子叠片10保持自身的夹紧力，并且能够利用插接端子表面不平整的特点，提高了连接的稳固性。
对插端子50插接于插接槽23中时，连接臂20可以发生弹性变形，利用弹性力，将对插端子50夹紧。进一步地，连接臂20包括变形部33，导电接触部31与变形部33沿悬伸端21指向固定端22的方向依次分布。变形部33的内壁沿悬伸端21指向固定端22的方向向内侧倾斜，以有利于连接臂20发生变形，方便对插端子50的插拔，增强对对插端子50的夹紧强度。连接臂20的悬伸端21设有倒角或倒圆，以方便与对插端子50插接配合。
在一实施方式中，连接臂20设有刮削部32，如图2所示，刮削部32与导电接触部31沿悬伸端21指向固定端22的方向依次分布，将对插端子50插入到插接槽23的过程中，刮削部32能够将对插端子50表面的异物或氧化物进行刮削，使对插端子50的导电表面露出，提高了电气性能。
进一步地，刮削部32为沿端子叠片10的厚度方向100延伸设置，对插端子50插入插接槽23的过程中，对插端子50的运动方向与刮削部32的延伸方向相垂直，有利于刮削部32对对插端子50进行刮削。刮削部32的截面呈三角形状，增强了刮削效果。
在一实施方式中，刮削部32相对于悬伸端21最高点不高于导电接触部31相对于悬伸端21最高点，当对插端子50插接于插接槽23中时，由于刮削部32与导电接触部31沿悬伸端21指向固定端22的方向依次分布，因此是刮削部32首先接触对插端子50，然后才是导电接触部31接触到对插端子50，如果刮削部32相对于悬伸端21最高点高于导电接触部31相对于悬伸端21最高点，则悬伸端21上最高点则为刮削部32的最高点，导电接触部31不能接触到对插端子50，从而无法起到导通电流的作用，由于刮削部32与对插端子50的接触面积远远小于导电接触部31与对插端子50的接触面积，因此会引起插接端子与对插端子50之间的接触电阻急剧增高，导通电流会增大，导致接触点温度升高，严重时会引起插接结构烧毁，造成严重的后果。因此，刮削部32相对 于悬伸端21最高点不高于导电接触部31相对于悬伸端21最高点。
在一实施方式中，刮削部32沿悬伸端21指向固定端22的方向的长度，占悬伸端21长度的3％-55％，刮削部32能够将对插端子50表面的异物或氧化物进行刮削，但不能起到主要导通电流的作用，主要起到通电流作用的还是导电接触部31，刮削部32的长度占悬伸端21长度越大，则导电接触部31的长度占悬伸端21长度就越小，无法起到很好的导通电流效果。另外，刮削部32的长度占悬伸端21长度比例太小，则由于刮削部32受力部会很小，在多次对插后，刮削部32会因为插接力和摩擦力的影响导致变形，无法起到去除对插端子50表面的异物或氧化物的作用。
为了验证刮削部32沿悬伸端21指向固定端22的方向的长度，占悬伸端21长度的比例，对插接结构的导电率和变形次数的影响，发明人选用相同的对插端子50，采用不同刮削部32长度占悬伸端21长度的比例的插接端子，将对插端子50与插接端子对插后，该插接结构通电后，检测相应的对插处的导电率；将对插端子50与插接端子进行1000次对插实验，每10次观察刮削部32变形情况，如果刮削部32变形则停止实验，记录当时次数，测试结果如表1所示。
在本实施例中，导电率大于99％为理想值。刮削部32变形时的插接次数小于800次为不合格。
表1，不同刮削部32长度占悬伸端21长度的比例对导电率的影响：
从上表可以看出，当刮削部32长度占悬伸端21长度的比例小于3％时，插接结构的导电率是合格的，但是刮削部32变形时的插接次数小于合格值，而当刮削部32长度占悬伸端21长度的比例大于55％时，由于导电接触部31占比较小，因此插接结构的导电率小于合格值，因此，综合考虑，发明人将设定刮削部32沿悬伸端21指向固定端22的方向的长度，占悬伸端21长度的3％-55％。
在一实施方式中，如图2所示，导电接触部31为沿端子叠片10的厚度方向100延伸设置，导电接触部31的截面呈圆弧形、梯形或者波纹状，使得导电接触部31与对插端子50连接得更加紧密，提高了导电性能。
如图2所示，同一插接槽23的两侧的连接臂20上分别设有导电接触部31。在一实 施方式中，同一插接槽23中，两侧的导电接触部31正对设置，使对插端子50与该插接端子连接得更加紧密。在另一实施方式中，同一插接槽23中，两侧的导电接触部31错开设置，有利于增大对插端子50与该插接端子的接触面积。
进一步地，端子固定部40具有设置在平面内或者非平面内的折弯延长部41，折弯角度在0°-180°之内，以方便适应不同的接线方向要求。如图3-图7所示，端子固定部40包括本体部和折弯延长部41，端子固定部40可以采用冲压或切割的方式，使本体部与折弯延长部41之间成形为多种角度。如图3所示，折弯延长部41与本体部在同一平面内，两者的延伸方向之间的折弯角度优选为90°。如图4和图5-图7所示，折弯延长部41与本体部不在同一平面内，折弯延长部41在非平面内折弯延长，两者的延伸方向之间的折弯角度优选为90°。
在一些实施方式中，端子叠片10的材质中含有碲，端子叠片10的本体材质为碲铜合金，使端子具有良好的导电性和易切削性能，保证电学性能，也能提高加工性。
进一步地，端子叠片10的材质中碲的含量为0.1％～5％，保障了导电性，并且碲铜合金的弹性也很优良。优选的，碲铜合金中碲的含量为0.2％～1.2％。
发明人选用了10个相同形状的端子叠片10进行测试，每个端子叠片10的尺寸相同，插接端子中的端子叠片10的数量相等，端子叠片10的本体材质均为碲铜合金，其中碲的含量占比分别为0.05％、0.1％、0.2％、0.5％、0.8％、1.2％、2％、3％、5％、6％、7％。将对插端子与插接端子对插后，该插接结构通电后，检测相应的对插处的导电率，测试结果如表2所示。
在本实施例中，导电率大于99％为理想值。
表2，不同碲含量的碲铜合金对导电率的影响：
由表2可知，当碲的含量占比小于0.1％时或者大于5％时，导电率明显下降，不能满足导电率理想值要求。当碲的含量占比大于等于0.2％且小于等于1.2％时，导电性能最好，当碲的含量占比大于1.2％且小于等于5％时，虽然导电率满足理想值要求，但是趋势是逐渐下降，导电性能也会下降。因此发明人选用碲的含量为0.1％-5％的碲铜合金。在最理想的情况下选用碲含量为0.2％-1.2％的碲铜合金。
在一些实施例中，端子叠片10的本体材质中含有铍。端子叠片10的材质为铍铜合金，使端子叠片10具有很高的硬度、弹性极限、疲劳极限和耐磨性，还具有良好的耐蚀性、导热性和导电性，且受冲击时不产生火花。
进一步地，微振动端子的本体材质中铍的含量为0.05％～5％。
进一步地，微振动端子的本体材质中铍的含量为0.1％～3.5％。
为了试验铍含量对端子导电率的影响，发明人选用了10个相同形状、相同胀缩缝宽度的端子叠片10进行测试，每个端子均含有铍，其中铍的含量占比分别为0.03％、0.05％、0.1％、0.2％、1％、1.2％、1.8％、3％、3.5％、5％、6％。测试结果如表3所示。
表3，不同铍含量对导电率的影响：
由表3可知，当铍的含量占比小于0.05％时或者大于5％时，导电率明显下降，不能满足实际需求。当铍的含量占比大于等于0.1％且小于等于3.5％时，导电性能最好，因此发明人选用铍的含量为0.05％-5％的端子叠片10。优选地，在最理想的情况下选用铍含量为0.1％～3.5％的端子叠片10。
在一些实施方式中，端子叠片10的至少部分表面设有镀层，以提高耐腐蚀性，提高导电性能，增加插接次数，能够更好的延长该插接结构的使用寿命。在一实施方式中，导电接触部31设有镀层，导电接触部31表面的镀层为第一镀层。
在一实施方式中，刮削部32表面设有镀层，刮削部32表面的镀层为第二镀层。
在一实施方式中，连接臂20上导电接触部31和刮削部32以外的表面设有镀层，连接臂20上导电接触部31和刮削部32以外的表面的镀层为第三镀层。
在一实施方式中，端子固定部40表面设有镀层，端子固定部40表面的镀层为第四镀层。
进一步地，第一镀层的材质、第二镀层的材质、第三镀层的材质与第四镀层的材质不相同，即：第一镀层、第二镀层、第三镀层与第四镀层中，其中至少一个的材质与其它的不相同，可以是
第一镀层的材质与其他三个镀层的材质不相同，其他三个镀层的材质相同；或者，
第二镀层的材质与其他三个镀层的材质不相同，其他三个镀层的材质相同；或者，
第三镀层的材质与其他三个镀层的材质不相同，其他三个镀层的材质相同；或者，
第四镀层的材质与其他三个镀层的材质不相同，其他三个镀层的材质相同。也可以是
第一镀层的材质和第二镀层的材质相同，第三镀层的材质与第四镀层的材质相同，第一镀层的材质与第三镀层的材质不同；或者，
第一镀层的材质和第三镀层的材质相同，第二镀层的材质与第四镀层的材质相同，第一镀层的材质与第二镀层的材质不同；或者，
第一镀层的材质和第四镀层的材质相同，第二镀层的材质与第三镀层的材质相同，第一镀层的材质与第二镀层的材质不同。
进一步地，第一镀层的厚度、第二镀层的厚度、第三镀层的厚度与第四镀层的厚度不相同，即：第一镀层、第二镀层、第三镀层与第四镀层中，其中至少一个的厚度与其它的不相同，可以是：
第一镀层的厚度与其他三个镀层的厚度不相同，其他三个镀层的厚度相同；或者，
第二镀层的厚度与其他三个镀层的厚度不相同，其他三个镀层的厚度相同；或者，
第三镀层的厚度与其他三个镀层的厚度不相同，其他三个镀层的厚度相同；或者，
第四镀层的厚度与其他三个镀层的厚度不相同，其他三个镀层的厚度相同。也可以是：
第一镀层的厚度和第二镀层的厚度相同，第三镀层的材质与第四镀层的厚度相同，第一镀层的厚度与第三镀层的厚度不同；或者，
第一镀层的厚度和第三镀层的厚度相同，第二镀层的材质与第四镀层的厚度相同，第一镀层的厚度与第二镀层的厚度不同；或者，
第一镀层的厚度和第四镀层的厚度相同，第二镀层的材质与第三镀层的厚度相同，第一镀层的厚度与第二镀层的厚度不同。
进一步地，第三镀层的材质与第四镀层的材质相同，第一镀层的材质或第二镀层的材质，与第三镀层的材质不相同，即：第一镀层的材质与第三镀层的材质不相同，或第二镀层的材质与第三镀层的材质不相同。
进一步地，第三镀层的厚度与第四镀层的厚度相同，第一镀层的厚度或第二镀层的厚度，与第三镀层的厚度不相同，即：第一镀层的厚度与第三镀层的厚度不相同，或第二镀层的厚度与第三镀层的厚度不相同。
需要说明的是，不同的金属材质镀层，得到的导电效果和耐腐蚀情况不同，价格较 高的金属材质镀层，对应的导电效果和耐腐蚀情况较好，能够进行更多的插拔，以及使用在更复杂的环境中，获得更长的使用寿命，但是也是由于价格较高，因此限制了这些金属材质镀层的使用。因此，发明人在插拔次数多或暴露在使用环境中的位置上使用金、银、银锑合金、石墨银、石墨烯银、钯镍合金、锡铅合金或银金锆合金这些性能优异，但是价格较高的金属材质作为镀层材料，相反在一些插拔次数少不易暴露的地方选用价格较低的材质作为镀层材料。例如在导电接触部31上设置导电效果和耐腐蚀情况较好，但价格较贵的金属作为镀层材质，在端子固定部40上，设置价格较低的材质作为镀层材料。
需要说明的是，端子叠片10的部分区域插拔次数多，并且会暴露在使用环境中，镀层会受到刮擦和外界环境的腐蚀，如果镀层厚度较薄的话，会在使用过程中很容易被划破或腐蚀掉，因此，发明人会在这些位置设置厚度更大一些的镀层，以增加插接端耐刮擦和耐腐蚀的性能，例如在导电接触部31上和刮削部32上。同时在其他区域，由于不会产生刮擦，也没有暴露在使用环境中，因此可以使用厚度较低的镀层，从而降低成本，例如在端子固定部40上。
在一实施方式中，镀层可采用电镀、化学镀、磁控溅射或者真空镀等方法设置在端子叠片10上。电镀方法，就是利用电解原理在金属表面上镀上一薄层其它金属或合金的过程。化学镀方法，是在金属的催化作用下，通过可控制的氧化还原反应产生金属的沉积过程。磁控溅射方法，是利用磁场与电场交互作用，使电子在靶表面附近成螺旋状运行，从而增大电子撞击氩气产生离子的概率，所产生的离子在电场作用下撞向靶面从而溅射出靶材。真空镀方法，是采用在真空条件下，通过蒸馏或溅射等方式在零件表面沉积各种金属和非金属薄膜。
在一实施方式中，镀层材质含有金、银、镍、锡、锌、锡铅合金、银锑合金、钯、钯镍合金、石墨银、石墨烯银和银金锆合金中的一种或多种。铜作为一种活泼金属，在使用过程中会与氧气和水发生氧化反应，因此需要一种或几种不活泼金属作为镀层，延长插接端子的使用寿命。另外，对于需要经常插拔的金属触点，也是需要较好的耐磨金属作为镀层，能够极大的增加触点的使用寿命。还有触点需要很好的导电性能，上述金属的导电性和稳定性，都要优于铜或铜合金，能够使插接端子获得更好的电学性能和更长的使用寿命。
为了论证不同镀层材质对端子整体性能的影响，发明人使用相同规格、材质，采用不同镀层材料的插接端子样件，利用同种规格的铝扁带做一系列插拔次数和耐腐蚀性时 间测试，为了证明选用材料和其他常用电镀材料的优缺点，发明人也选用了锡、镍、锌作为实验的镀层材质。实验结果如表4所示。
表4中的插拔次数是将插接端子分别固定在实验台上，采用机械装置使铝扁带模拟插拔，并且每经过100次的插拔，就要停下来观察插接端子表面镀层破坏的情况，端子表面镀层出现划伤，并露出端子本身材质，则实验停止，记录当时的插拔次数。在本实施例中，插拔次数小于8000次为不合格。
表4中的耐腐蚀性时间测试，是将插接端子放入到盐雾喷淋试验箱内，对插接端子的各个位置喷淋盐雾，每隔20小时取出清洗观察表面腐蚀情况，即为一个周期，直到插接端子表面腐蚀面积大于总面积的10％的时候，停止测试，并记录当时的周期数。在本实施例中，周期数小于80次认为不合格。
从表4可以看出，当镀层材质含有常用的金属锡、镍、锌时，实验的结果不如其他选用的金属，镀层镍在插拔次数实验合格，但也超出不多，盐雾实验中也全部合格。而选用其他金属的实验结果，超过标准值较多，性能比较稳定。因此，发明人选择镀层材质含有金、银、镍、锡、锌、锡铅合金、银锑合金、钯、钯镍合金、石墨银、石墨烯银和银金锆合金中的一种或多种。
表4，不同镀层材质对端子插拔次数和耐腐蚀性的影响：
在一些实施方式中，镀层包括底层和表层，镀层采用多层镀的方法。端子叠片10在加工后，其实表面微观界面下，还是存在很多缝隙和孔洞，这些缝隙和孔洞是端子叠片10在使用过程中磨损和腐蚀的最大原因。本实施方式中，在端子叠片10的表面，先镀一层底层，填补表面的缝隙和孔洞，使端子叠片10的表面平整无孔洞，然后再镀表层，就会结合更加牢固，也会更加平整，镀层表面无缝隙和孔洞，使插接端子的耐磨性能、抗腐蚀性能、电学性能更优，极大的延长插接端子的使用寿命。
在另一实施方式中，底层材质含有金、银、镍、锡、锡铅合金和锌中的一种或多种；表层材质含有金、银、镍、锡、锌、锡铅合金、银锑合金、钯、钯镍合金、石墨银、石 墨烯银和银金锆合金中的一种或多种。
在另一实施方式中，底层厚度为0.01μm～12μm。优选的，底层厚度为0.1μm～9μm。
在另一实施方式中，表层厚度为0.5μm～50μm。优选的是，表层厚度为1μm～35μm。
为了论证底层镀层厚度变化对插接端子整体性能的影响，发明人使用相同规格、材质，采用不同镀镍底层厚度，相同的镀银表层厚度的插接端子，利用同种规格的对插端子50做一系列温升和耐腐蚀性时间测试，实验结果如表5所示。
表5中的温升测试是将该插接结构通相同的电流，在封闭的环境下检测通电前和温度稳定后的插接端子相同位置的温度，并做差取绝对值。在本实施例中，温升大于50K认为不合格。
表5，不同底层镀层厚度对温升和耐腐蚀性的影响：
表5中的耐腐蚀性时间测试，是将该插接端子放入到盐雾喷淋试验箱内，对插接端子的各个位置喷淋盐雾，每隔20小时取出清洗观察表面腐蚀情况，即为一个周期，直到端子表面腐蚀面积大于总面积的10％的时候，停止测试，并记录当时的周期数。在本实施例中，周期数小于80次认为不合格。
从表5可以看出，当底层镀镍层厚度小于0.01μm时，该插接结构的温升虽然合格，但是由于镀层太薄，插接端子的耐腐蚀性周期数小于80，不符合端子的性能要求。对该插接结构的整体性能和寿命都有很大的影响，严重时造成产品寿命骤减甚至失效导致燃烧事故。当底层镀镍层厚度大于12μm时，由于底层镀层较厚，该插接结构产生的热量 散发不出来，使该插接结构的温升不合格，而且镀层较厚反而容易从端子叠片10表面脱落，造成耐腐蚀性周期数下降。因此，发明人选择底层镀层厚度为0.01μm～12μm。
优选地，发明人发现底层镀层厚度为0.1μm～9μm时，该插接结构的温升及耐腐蚀性的综合效果更好，因此，为了进一步提高产品本身的安全性可靠性及实用性，优选底层镀层厚度为0.1μm～9μm。
为了论证表层镀层厚度变化对该插接结构整体性能的影响，发明人使用相同规格、材质，采用相同镀镍底层厚度，不同的镀银表层厚度的插接端子样件，利用同种规格的对插端子做一系列温升和耐腐蚀性时间测试，实验方法与上述实验方法相同，实验结果如表6所示。
表6，不同表层镀层厚度对温升和耐腐蚀性的影响：
从表6可以看出，当表层镀银层厚度小于0.5μm时，该插接结构的温升虽然合格，但是由于镀层太薄，插接端子的耐腐蚀性周期数小于80，不符合端子的性能要求。对该插接结构的整体性能和寿命都有很大的影响，严重时造成产品寿命骤减甚至失效导致燃烧事故。当表层镀银层厚度大于50μm时，由于表层镀层较厚，端子产生的热量散发不出来，使温升不合格，而且镀层较厚反而容易从端子表面脱落，造成耐腐蚀性周期数下降。并且，由于表层镀层金属较贵，因此使用较厚的镀层，性能没有上升，不存在使用价值。因此，发明人选择表层镀银层厚度为0.5μm～50μm。优选的，发明人发现表层镀层厚度为1μm～35μm时，端子的温升及耐腐蚀性的综合效果更好，因此，为了进一步提高产品本身的安全性可靠性及实用性，优选表层镀层厚度为1μm～35μm。
在一些优选的实施例中，悬伸端21上的镀层与固定端22上的镀层材质不同。从以 上的说明可知，不同的金属材质镀层，得到的导电效果和耐腐蚀情况不同，价格较高的金属材质镀层，对应的导电效果和耐腐蚀情况较好，能够进行更多的插拔，以及使用在更复杂的环境中，获得更长的使用寿命，但是也是由于价格较高，因此限制了这些金属材质镀层的使用。因此，发明人在悬伸端21这种插拔次数多，暴露在使用环境中的位置上，会使用金、银、银锑合金、石墨银、石墨烯银、钯镍合金、锡铅合金或银金锆合金这些性能优异，但是价格较高的金属材质作为镀层材料，而固定端22是连接导线的位置，与导线连接后基本不会再有相对的位移，并且固定端22一般情况下都会保护在塑壳内部，不会暴露在使用环境中，因此，发明人会使用常用的金属锡、镍、锌作为固定端22的镀层材质，以减少连接结构的成本。
在优选的实施例中，连接臂20的最小宽度与连接臂20的厚度的比值为0.5-10。端子叠片10具有弹性才能和对插端子50插接，只有当端子叠片10的连接臂20的宽度和厚度的比值不超过一定的范围，才具有实际使用的价值。因为当这个比值过大时即厚度过小，导致端子叠片10的整体强度过小，同时需要更多的端子叠片10才能满足实际需要，也就意味着需要更多的工作时间。而当比值过大时，即厚度过大，端子叠片10又不易发生形变影响与对插端子50的插接。
发明人为了验证连接臂20的最小宽度与连接臂20的厚度的比值对端子使用情况的影响，进行了测试。测试方法如下，发明人选用同样的对插端子50，不同的端子叠片10，每个端子叠片10具有相同宽度的不同厚度的连接臂20。使用不同的端子叠片10与对插端子50进行插接测试，连接臂20过厚导致无法插接或连接臂20过薄导致不可恢复的形变为不合格，其余为合格。结果如表7所示。
从表7中可知，当连接臂20的最小宽度与厚度的比值小于0.5时，连接臂20在插接的过程中会出现形变，导致端子叠片10废弃；当连接臂20的最小宽度与厚度的比值大于10后，无法进行插接，因此，发明人优选连接臂20的最小宽度与连接臂20的厚度的比值为0.5-10。
表7，不同连接臂的最小宽度与连接臂的厚度的比值对端子插接的影响：
在一些优选的方式中，相邻两个端子叠片10的连接臂之间的间隙小于0.2mm。在端子叠片10之间设置间隙，一个目的是使相邻连接臂20有空气流通，可以降低对插端子50与插接端子之间温升，保护镀层，延长插接结构的使用寿命，另一个目的是使连接臂20本身的弹性可以释放，保证相对的连接臂20之间的夹持力，也就能保证插接力。但是，相邻连接臂20的间隙不是越大越好，当相邻两个端子叠片的连接臂20之间的间隙大于0.2mm时，既没有增加其散热功能，反而使相同接触面积的连接臂20占用更大的宽度，浪费使用空间。另外，由于端子固定部是贴合连接在一起的，相同接触面积的连接臂20，会耗费对插端子50更多的体积，从而增加了端子用量，增加了插接结构的成本。
在一些实施方式中，连接臂20至少部分的材质为记忆合金。记忆合金是一种有记忆力的智能金属，它的微观结构有两种相对稳定的状态，在高温下这种合金可以被变成任何想要的形状，在较低的温度下合金可以被拉伸，但若对它重新加热，它会记起它原来的形状，而变回去，记忆合金在其变态温度以上和变态温度以下的晶体结构是不同的，但温度在变态温度上下变化时，记忆合金就会收缩或膨胀，使得它的形态发生变化。
在一些实施方式中，记忆合金的变态温度为40℃-70℃，在连接臂20的温度低于该变态温度状态下，多个连接臂20处于扩张状态；在连接臂20的温度高于该变态温度状态下，多个连接臂处于夹紧状态。
一般情况下，变态温度选择在40℃-70℃之间，因为如果变态温度低于40℃，在没有导通电流的情况下，插接端子的环境温度也会达到接近40℃，此时多个连接臂20会处于夹紧状态，插接端子的接插槽变小，铝扁带不能够插入到接插槽中，会导致铝扁带与端子的插接结构无法插接，也就无法进行工作。
在室温下，接插端子与对插端子50对插后开始导电，由于刚开始对插时，多个连接臂20处于扩张状态，因此接插端子与对插端子50的接触面积较小，电流较大，从而导致插接后的连接臂20开始升温，而变态温度如果高于70℃，端子升温时间长，接插端子与对插端子50的插接结构长时间处于大电流状态，容易造成电气老化，严重时会发生过载而损坏，造成不必要的损失。
因此，一般情况下，记忆合金的变态温度设定在40℃-70℃之间。
方案二
本发明还提供了一种插接结构，包括如上的插接端子，还包括和插接端子插接的对插端子50。
进一步的，插接端子与对插端子50之间的插接力在3N-150N之间。
更进一步的，插接端子与对插端子50之间的插接力在10N-95N之间。
为了验证插接端子与对插端子50之间的插接力对插接端子与对插端子50接触电阻和对插情况的影响，发明人选用了相同形状、尺寸的插接端子与对插端子50，并将插接端子与对插端子50之间的插接力设计为不同的插接力，来观测插接端子与对插端子50之间的接触电阻，以及多次对插之后的情况。
接触电阻的检测方式为使用微电阻测量仪，在插接端子与对插端子50接触位置上进行电阻的测量，并读取微电阻测量仪上的数值，在本实施例中，接触电阻小于50μΩ为理想值。
插接端子与对插端子50对插情况的测试方式为将插接端子与对插端子50进行50次的对插，观察插拔后掉落和无法插拔的次数，插拔后掉落次数要求小于3次，无法插拔的次数要求小于5次。
表8，不同插接端子与对插端子之间的插接力对接触电阻和对插情况的影响：
从表8可以看出，当插接端子与对插端子50之间的插接力小于3N时，由于结合力太小，两者之间的接触电阻要高于理想值，同时，插拔后掉落的次数也超过3次以上，为不合格状态。当插接端子与对插端子50之间的插接力大于150N时，插接端子与对插端子50之间无法插拔的次数大于5次以上，也是不合格状态，因此，发明人将插接端子与对插端子50之间的插接力设定在3N-150N之间。
从表8可以看出，当插接端子与对插端子50之间的插接力在10N-95N之间时，既没有插拔后掉落，也没有无法插拔的情况，接触电阻值也在理想值范围内，因此，优选地，发明人设定插接端子与对插端子50之间的插接力在10N-95N之间。
在一些实施方式中，插接端子与对插端子50之间的接触电阻小于9mΩ。一般情况下需要导通较大电流，如果插接端子与对插端子50之间的接触电阻大于9mΩ，则在接触位置会产生较大的温升，并且随着时间的增加，温度会越来越高，插接端子与对插端 子50由于材质不同，热膨胀率不同，导致的机械变形不同步产生内部应力，严重时会造成镀层的脱落，无法实现保护的作用。同时，插接端子与对插端子50过高的温度，或传导至与之相连接的导线的绝缘层，导致对应的绝缘层熔化，无法起到绝缘保护的作用，严重时会导致线路短路造成连接结构损坏，甚至燃烧等安全事故。因此，发明人设定插接端子与对插端子50间的接触电阻小于9mΩ。
为了验证插接端子与对插端子50间的接触电阻对插接结构的温升和导电率的影响，发明人选用相同的对插端子50，不同接触电阻的插接端子，并进行导电率和温升的测试，
导电率测试是将对插端子50与插接端子对插后，该插接结构通电后，检测相应的对插处的导电率，在本实施例中，导电率大于99％为理想值。
温升测试是将该插接结构通相同的电流，在封闭的环境下检测通电前和温度稳定后的插接端子相同位置的温度，并做差取绝对值。在本实施例中，温升大于50K认为不合格。
表9，不同插接端子与对插端子之间的接触电阻对导电率和温升的影响：
从表9可以看出，当插接端子与对插端子50间的接触电阻大于9mΩ时，插接结构的温升超过50K，同时，插接结构的导电率也小于99％，不符合标准要求。因此，发明人设定插接端子与对插端子50间的接触电阻小于9mΩ。
方案三
本发明还提供了一种机动车辆，包括上述的插接端子。
方案四
本发明还提供了一种机动车辆，包括上述的插接结构。
以上所述仅为本发明示意性的具体实施方式，并非用以限定本发明的范围。任何本领域的技术人员，在不脱离本发明的构思和原则的前提下所作的等同变化与修改，均应属于本发明保护的范围。
Claims (46)
- 一种插接端子，其中，包括端子叠片，所述端子叠片包括至少两个连接臂，所述连接臂包括悬伸端和固定端，所述连接臂的固定端固接到一起，相邻两个所述连接臂之间设有插接槽；所述悬伸端设有导电接触部。
- 如权利要求1所述的插接端子，其中，所述导电接触部设置在所述插接槽内部。
- 如权利要求2所述的插接端子，其中，所述导电接触部设置在所述插接槽内部两侧。
- 如权利要求3所述的插接端子，其中，所述导电接触部在所述插接槽内部两侧对称设置。
- 如权利要求1所述的插接端子，其中，所述插接端子包括多个所述端子叠片，多个所述端子叠片层叠设置。
- 如权利要求1所述的插接端子，其中，所述端子叠片利用板材冲压或切割而成。
- 如权利要求1所述的插接端子，其中，所述端子叠片包括端子固定部，各个所述连接臂的固定端均固接于所述端子固定部。
- 如权利要求7所述的插接端子，其中，相邻两个所述端子叠片的端子固定部通过压接、焊接、螺接、铆接或拼接连接在一起。
- 如权利要求1所述的插接端子，其中，相邻两个所述端子叠片的连接臂之间接触配合。
- 如权利要求1所述的插接端子，其中，所述悬伸端设有刮削部，所述刮削部与所述导电接触部沿所述悬伸端指向所述固定端的方向依次分布。
- 如权利要求10所述的插接端子，其中，所述刮削部为沿所述端子叠片的厚度方向延伸设置，所述刮削部的截面呈三角形状。
- 如权利要求10所述的插接端子，其中，所述刮削部相对于所述悬伸端最高点不高于所述导电接触部相对于所述悬伸端最高点。
- 如权利要求10所述的插接端子，其中，所述刮削部沿所述悬伸端指向所述固定端的方向的长度，占所述悬伸端长度的3％-55％。
- 如权利要求1所述的插接端子，其中，所述导电接触部为沿所述端子叠片的厚度方向延伸设置，所述导电接触部的截面呈圆弧形、梯形或者波纹状。
- 如权利要求7所述的插接端子，其中，所述端子固定部具有设置在平面内或者非平面内的折弯延长部，折弯角度在0°-180°之内。
- 如权利要求1所述的插接端子，其中，所述端子叠片的本体材质为碲铜合金。
- 如权利要求16所述的插接端子，其中，所述端子叠片的本体材质中碲的含量为0.1％～5％。
- 如权利要求1所述的插接端子，其中，所述端子叠片的本体材质中含有铍。
- 如权利要求18所述的插接端子，其中，所述端子叠片的本体材质中铍的含量为0.05％～5％。
- 如权利要求19所述的插接端子，其中，所述端子叠片的本体材质中铍的含量为0.1％～3.5％。
- 如权利要求10所述的插接端子，其中，所述端子叠片的至少部分表面设有镀层；所述导电接触部设有所述镀层，所述导电接触部表面的所述镀层为第一镀层。
- 如权利要求21所述的插接端子，其中，所述刮削部表面设有所述镀层，所述刮削部表面的所述镀层为第二镀层。
- 如权利要求22所述的插接端子，其中，所述连接臂上所述导电接触部和所述刮削部以外的表面设有所述镀层，所述连接臂上所述导电接触部和所述刮削部以外的表面的所述镀层为第三镀层。
- 如权利要求23所述的插接端子，其中，所述端子固定部表面设有所述镀层，所述端子固定部表面的所述镀层为第四镀层。
- 如权利要求24所述的插接端子，其中，所述第一镀层的材质、所述第二镀层的材质、所述第三镀层与所述第四镀层的材质不相同。
- 如权利要求24所述的插接端子，其中，所述第一镀层的厚度、所述第二镀层的厚度、所述第三镀层与所述第四镀层的厚度不相同。
- 如权利要求25所述的插接端子，其中，所述第三镀层的材质与所述第四镀层的材质相同，所述第一镀层的材质或所述第二镀层的材质，与所述第三镀层的材质不相同。
- 如权利要求26所述的插接端子，其中，所述第三镀层的厚度与所述第四镀层的厚度相同，所述第一镀层的厚度或所述第二镀层的厚度，与所述第三镀层的厚度不相同。
- 如权利要求21所述的插接端子，其中，所述镀层材质含有金、银、镍、锡、锌、锡铅合金、银锑合金、钯、钯镍合金、石墨银、石墨烯银和银金锆合金中的一种或多种。
- 如权利要求21所述的插接端子，其中，所述镀层包括底层和表层。
- 如权利要求21所述的插接端子，其中，所述镀层可采用电镀、化学镀、磁控溅射或者真空镀的方式设置在所述端子叠片上。
- 如权利要求30所述的插接端子，其中，所述底层材质含有金、银、镍、锡、锡铅合金和锌中的一种或多种；所述表层材质含有金、银、镍、锡、锌、锡铅合金、银锑合金、钯、钯镍合金、石墨银、石墨烯银或银金锆合金中的一种或多种。
- 如权利要求30所述的插接端子，其中，所述底层厚度为0.01μm～12μm。
- 如权利要求30所述的插接端子，其中，所述底层厚度为0.1μm～9μm。
- 如权利要求30所述的插接端子，其中，所述表层厚度为0.5μm～50μm。
- 如权利要求30所述的插接端子，其中，所述表层厚度为1μm～35μm。
- 如权利要求1所述的插接端子，其中，所述连接臂的最小宽度与所述连接臂的厚度的比值为0.5-10。
- 如权利要求1所述的插接端子，其中，相邻两个所述端子叠片的所述连接臂之间的间隙小于0.2mm。
- 如权利要求1所述的插接端子，其中，所述连接臂至少部分的材质为记忆合金。
- 如权利要求39所述的插接端子，其中，所述记忆合金的变态温度为40℃-70℃，在所述连接臂的温度低于该变态温度状态下，多个所述连接臂处于扩张状态；在所述连接臂的温度高于该变态温度状态下，多个所述连接臂处于夹紧状态。
- 一种插接结构，其中，包括如权利要求1-40任一项所述的插接端子，还包括和所述插接端子插接的对插端子。
- 如权利要求41所述的插接结构，其中，所述插接端子与所述对插端子之间的插接力在3N-150N之间。
- 如权利要求42所述的插接结构，其中，所述插接端子与所述对插端子之间的插接力在10N-95N之间。
- 如权利要求41所述的插接结构，其中，所述插接端子与所述对插端子之间的接触电阻小于9mΩ。
- 一种机动车辆，其中，包括权利要求1-40中任一项所述的插接端子。
- 一种机动车辆，其中，包括权利要求41-44任一项所述的插接结构。
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