WO2023016369A1 - 一种电连接结构、充电插座及汽车 - Google Patents

一种电连接结构、充电插座及汽车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023016369A1
WO2023016369A1 PCT/CN2022/110562 CN2022110562W WO2023016369A1 WO 2023016369 A1 WO2023016369 A1 WO 2023016369A1 CN 2022110562 W CN2022110562 W CN 2022110562W WO 2023016369 A1 WO2023016369 A1 WO 2023016369A1
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Prior art keywords
electrical connection
connection structure
structure according
contact
terminal
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PCT/CN2022/110562
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王超
Original Assignee
长春捷翼汽车零部件有限公司
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Publication of WO2023016369A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023016369A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/02—Contact members
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R12/00—Structural associations of a plurality of mutually-insulated electrical connecting elements, specially adapted for printed circuits, e.g. printed circuit boards [PCB], flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures, e.g. terminal strips, terminal blocks; Coupling devices specially adapted for printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures; Terminals specially adapted for contact with, or insertion into, printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures
    • H01R12/50—Fixed connections
    • H01R12/51—Fixed connections for rigid printed circuits or like structures
    • H01R12/55—Fixed connections for rigid printed circuits or like structures characterised by the terminals
    • H01R12/58—Fixed connections for rigid printed circuits or like structures characterised by the terminals terminals for insertion into holes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/02—Contact members
    • H01R13/03—Contact members characterised by the material, e.g. plating, or coating materials
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of new energy vehicle charging, in particular to an electrical connection structure that can be used for circuit boards.
  • Charging piles, charging guns and charging sockets are the main charging devices for electric vehicles.
  • the charging device standard requires that PE lines must be installed in all charging devices.
  • the PE line is the grounding line of the charging device, which is used to protect equipment and people in the event of leakage.
  • the terminals in the PE line are usually directly welded on the circuit board. If the terminals in the PE line are damaged during use, the terminals in the PE line are not easy to remove during maintenance, which will increase the maintenance man-hours , increasing maintenance costs.
  • the invention provides an electrical connection structure to ensure the stability of signal transmission between a circuit board and a terminal.
  • a plurality of metal shrapnel, and plug terminals are provided;
  • a plurality of said metal shrapnels are fixed on the circuit board along the circumferential direction of said insertion hole, and when said insertion terminal is inserted in said insertion hole, said insertion terminal and a plurality of The metal elastic pieces are all contacted and connected to form an electrical connection between the plug terminal and the circuit board.
  • the plug terminal includes a contact section, and the contact section is in contact with the metal elastic piece.
  • a terminal bracket is also included, and the terminal bracket is fixed on the circuit board.
  • the plug-in terminal further includes a fixing section, and the fixing section is fixed on the terminal bracket.
  • the outer diameter of the contact section is smaller than the diameter of the insertion hole, and the contact section is located in the insertion hole.
  • a plurality of said metal shrapnels are annularly arranged along the circumferential direction of said insertion hole.
  • a plurality of said metal shrapnels are evenly arranged in a ring.
  • the metal elastic piece includes a fixing part, an elastic part and a contact part arranged in sequence, wherein the fixing part is fixed on the circuit board.
  • reinforcing ribs are provided at the connection transition between the elastic part and the contact part, and/or the connection transition between the fixing part and the elastic part.
  • the ratio of the height of the reinforcing rib protruding from the surface of the connection transition to the thickness of the metal elastic sheet ranges from 0.1 times to 1 times.
  • the metal elastic piece includes the fixing part in the middle, and the elastic part and the contact part extending to both sides and connected in sequence, and the fixing part is fixed on the circuit board.
  • the fixing part is fixed on the inner surface of the insertion hole and/or the upper surface of the circuit board and/or the lower surface of the circuit board.
  • the contact portion is provided with a circular arc structure or a bent structure.
  • the bending angle of the bending structure is 90°-160°.
  • the plurality of contact portions are arranged in a circle, and the diameter of the inscribed circle of the plurality of contact portions is smaller than the outer diameter of the contact section.
  • the contact portion further includes a guide port, and the diameter of the inscribed circle of the guide port is larger than the outer diameter of the contact section.
  • the contact portion is located in the insertion hole, and/or is located above the insertion hole, and/or is located below the insertion hole.
  • the contact part further includes a support part, and the support part is fixed on the circuit board.
  • the elastic part elastically deforms, and the contact parts exert pressure on the plug terminal.
  • the pressure is 0.5N-50N.
  • the metal shrapnel is made of copper or copper alloy.
  • the material of the metal shrapnel contains tellurium.
  • the content of tellurium in the material of the metal shrapnel is 0.1%-5%.
  • the material of the metal shrapnel contains beryllium.
  • the content of beryllium in the material of the metal shrapnel is 0.05%-5%.
  • the content of beryllium in the material of the metal shrapnel is 0.11-3.5%.
  • plating is provided on the contact segment and the contact portion.
  • the coating material is one or more of gold, silver, nickel, tin, zinc, tin-lead alloy, silver-antimony alloy, palladium, palladium-nickel alloy, graphite silver, graphene silver and silver-gold-zirconium alloy kind.
  • the coating includes a bottom layer and a surface layer.
  • the underlying material is one or more of gold, silver, nickel, tin, tin-lead alloy and zinc; the surface material is gold, silver, nickel, tin, tin-lead alloy, silver-antimony alloy One or more of , palladium, palladium-nickel alloy, graphite silver, graphene silver and silver-gold-zirconium alloy.
  • the thickness of the bottom layer is 0.01 ⁇ m-15 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the bottom layer is 0.1 ⁇ m-9 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the surface layer is 0.3 ⁇ m-55 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the surface layer is 0.5 ⁇ m-35 ⁇ m.
  • the number of said metal shrapnel is 3-24.
  • the present invention also provides a charging socket, which includes the electrical connection structure of any one of the above-mentioned embodiments.
  • the present invention also provides an automobile, which includes the charging socket and/or includes the electrical connection structure of any one of the above-mentioned embodiments.
  • the plug terminal of the present invention is in good contact with the metal shrapnel, the connection between the metal shrapnel and the circuit board is stable, and multiple metal shrapnels provide multiple signal detection points, ensuring the stability of signal transmission; at the same time, the metal shrapnel itself has good performance , It can be plugged and unplugged for multiple times, and has a long service life;
  • the metal shrapnel of the present invention can be configured to include a fixed part, an elastic part and a contact part arranged in sequence, and the fixing parts of a plurality of metal shrapnels are fixed on the board surface of the circuit board along the circumferential direction of the insertion hole. Ensure the stability between the metal shrapnel and the circuit board.
  • the elastic part is elastically deformed through the contact between the contact part and the contact section of the plug terminal.
  • the contact part exerts pressure on the contact section to ensure the insertion
  • the arc structure or bending structure is set at the contact part of the metal shrapnel, which further ensures the stability of the electrical connection between the plug-in terminal (not limited to the PE terminal) and the metal shrapnel;
  • a plurality of the contact parts are located in the socket hole, or above the socket hole, or below the socket hole; considering the installation space of the circuit board, the contact position between the socket terminal and the metal shrapnel can be adjusted;
  • the bending angle of the bending structure of the contact part of the metal shrapnel is 90°-160°.
  • the setting of the bending angle can make the metal shrapnel directly form a contact portion and a guide port at the bending place to ensure that the metal shrapnel
  • the metal shrapnel of the present invention adopts a tellurium-copper alloy, so that the metal shrapnel has good electrical conductivity and easy processing performance, ensures electrical properties and improves processability, and meanwhile, the tellurium-copper alloy has excellent elasticity;
  • the contact section and the contact portion of the present invention are provided with a coating, which can better increase the electrical conductivity of the contact, as well as the wear resistance and anti-corrosion performance.
  • the composite coating is preferably used, which can better improve the firmness of the coating. After repeated plugging and unplugging, it can still ensure that the coating does not fall off and has corrosion resistance;
  • the metal elastic sheet of the present invention may include a fixed part in the middle, and elastic parts and contact parts that extend to both sides and are sequentially connected.
  • the fixed part is fixed on the circuit board. Further, the fixed part can be fixed on the inner surface of the socket hole Or the upper surface of the circuit board or the lower surface of the circuit board, thereby ensuring the stability of the electrical connection between the metal shrapnel and the circuit board.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrical connection structure according to a first embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 2 is the electrical connection structure shown in Fig. 1 , omitting the schematic structural diagram of the plug-in terminal and the terminal bracket, wherein it shows the cooperation between a plurality of metal springs and the circuit board in the first embodiment;
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the metal shrapnel in the electrical connection structure of the first embodiment
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a circuit board in the electrical connection structure of the first embodiment, wherein a socket hole is shown;
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the plug-in terminal in the electrical connection structure of the first embodiment
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of the terminal bracket in the electrical connection structure of the first embodiment
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrical connection structure according to a second embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 8 is the electrical connection structure shown in Fig. 7 , omitting the schematic structural diagram of the plug-in terminal and the terminal bracket, in which it shows the cooperation between a plurality of metal springs and the circuit board in the second embodiment;
  • Fig. 9 is a combined schematic diagram of different viewing angles of the metal dome according to the second embodiment of the present application.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediary.
  • the present invention provides an electrical connection structure 100, which is applied to a circuit board.
  • the circuit board is provided with socket holes, as shown in FIG. Specifically, a plurality of metal domes 140 are fixed to the circuit board 110 along the circumferential direction of the insertion hole 111.
  • the insertion terminal 120 and the plurality of metal domes 140 are contacted to form an electrical connection between the plug terminal 120 and the circuit board 110 .
  • the plug terminal 120 of the present invention is in good contact with the metal shrapnel 140, the connection between the metal shrapnel 140 and the circuit board 110 is stable, and multiple metal shrapnels 140 provide multiple signal detection points, ensuring the stability of signal transmission; at the same time, the metal shrapnel 140 itself has good elasticity, can be plugged and pulled out more than 120 times, and has a long service life.
  • the present invention uses the plug terminal 120 and the Compared with the solder connection, the plug-in connection of the metal dome 140 can be plugged repeatedly, which enhances the adaptability of the circuit board 110 .
  • the plug terminal 120 includes a plug section 121 , a contact section 122 , a fixing section 123 and a connection section 124 which are sequentially connected.
  • the plugging section 121 is used for plugging with mating terminals, such as the male terminal of the charging gun and the female terminal of the charging socket, so that the charging current can be conducted from the power source to the car battery.
  • the connecting section 124 is used for electrical connection with the cable conductor, such as the plug terminal 120 inside the charging socket, which is connected with the cable of the charging socket and conducts electric energy to the car battery.
  • the contact section 122 is used to contact and connect with the metal dome 140 , for example, the PE terminal of the charging socket is in contact with the metal dome 140 on the circuit board, so that the circuit board can read the grounding signal from the PE terminal.
  • the electrical connection structure of this embodiment further includes a terminal support 130 , and the terminal support 130 can be fixed on the circuit board 110 .
  • the fixing section 123 of the plug terminal 120 is fixed on the terminal bracket 130 .
  • the terminal bracket 130 can be fixed on the circuit board 110 by clipping, bonding or screwing.
  • Slots or buckles are provided on the board 110, and multiple claws of the terminal bracket 130 are engaged with the slots or buckles on the circuit board 110, thereby fixing the terminal bracket 130 on the circuit board 110; Refers to setting the bonding surface on the terminal bracket 130 and the circuit board 110, and then coating the adhesive respectively, so that the bonding surfaces of the two are bonded together; screw connection refers to setting threaded holes on the terminal bracket 130, A through hole is provided on the circuit board 110 , and the circuit board 110 is screwed and fixed on the terminal bracket 130 by passing through the through hole.
  • the terminal support may include a U-shaped clamping portion 131 , and correspondingly, the fixing section 123 of the terminal is clamped between the U-shaped clamping portions for fixing.
  • the circuit board 110 is provided with an insertion hole 111 for insertion of the plug terminal 120 , and the outer diameter of the contact section 122 of the plug terminal 120 is smaller than that of the contact section 122 on the circuit board 110 .
  • the diameter of the insertion hole is such that the insertion terminal 120 can be smoothly inserted into the insertion hole 111 .
  • there is a certain gap between the insertion hole 111 and the contact section 122 which can also allow the insertion terminal 120 to have a certain amount of movement. When plugging in with the mating terminal, it can slightly deviate from the axis position to avoid excessive deviation due to mating. As a result, the insertion terminal 120 cannot be inserted into the insertion terminal.
  • a plurality of metal domes 140 are arranged in a ring along the circumferential direction of the insertion hole 111 . As shown in FIG. 2 , the metal dome 140 arranged in a ring can contact the contact section 122 of the plug terminal 120 in a larger area, thereby reducing the contact resistance between the metal dome 140 and the plug terminal 120 and increasing the electrical connection structure 100. electrical properties.
  • a plurality of metal domes 140 are evenly arranged circularly along the circumferential direction of the insertion hole 111. As shown in FIG. 2, the intervals between five metal domes 140 are uniform.
  • the circumferential direction of 111 is evenly arranged in a ring, even to one side, which will cause the elastic force exerted by the metal shrapnel 140 on the contact section 122 to be uneven, and the plug-in terminal 120 deviates from the axis in the socket hole 111, resulting in that the plug-in terminal cannot be connected with the socket.
  • the terminals 120 are plugged together, so that the function of electrical connection cannot be realized.
  • each metal dome 140 includes a fixed portion 141 , an elastic portion 142 and a contact portion 143 arranged in sequence, wherein the fixed portions 141 of a plurality of metal dome 140 are along the circumferential direction of the insertion hole 111 Fixed on the upper surface of the circuit board 110, the fixing part 141 not only fixes the position of the metal elastic piece 140 on the circuit board 110, but also provides a fixation for one end of the elastic part 142.
  • the metal elastic piece 140 includes a fixed part 141 in the middle, and an elastic part 142 and a contact part 143 extending to both sides and connected in sequence, wherein the fixed part 141 is fixed on the circuit board, and the fixed part 141 still functions as The role of fixing the entire metal dome 140, preferably, the fixing part 141 is welded on the inner wall circumference of the socket hole 111, and the elastic part 142 and the contact part 143 on both sides of the fixing part 141 extend to the upper and lower sides of the circuit board 110, respectively. Because the contact area between the contact portion 143 and the contact segment 122 is increased, the contact resistance can be greatly reduced, and the electrical performance of the electrical connection structure 100 is improved.
  • the fixing part 141 is fixed on the inner surface of the insertion hole 111 and/or the upper surface of the circuit board 110 and/or the lower surface of the circuit board 110, and the fixing part 141 can be arranged on the circuit board according to the specific design of the circuit board 110. 110, so as not to affect the circuit performance of the circuit board 110 itself, but also to realize the conduction current and signal function of the metal dome 140.
  • the contact portion 143 is provided with a circular arc structure or a bent structure, which can make the contact between the contact portion 143 and the contact segment 122 smoother without jamming.
  • the contact part 143 and the contact segment 122 will have relative displacement due to vibration. If the contact part 143 is in surface contact with the contact segment 122 in a static state, in a vibrating environment, a short point contact will be formed due to the relative displacement. At this time, the contact resistance increases instantaneously, and the conduction current also increases suddenly, which will cause the contact portion 143 and the contact section 122 to be damaged due to excessive temperature rise.
  • the arc structure or the bent structure will also keep the surface contact between the contact portion 143 and the contact segment 122 in a vibrating environment, so that the electrical connection structure 100 will not be damaged due to a sudden increase in conduction current.
  • the bending angle of the bending structure of the contact portion 143 is 90°-160°.
  • the inventor selected the metal dome 140, the plug terminal 120 and the circuit board 110 of the same size, and carried out the same relative position. installed, but choose different bending angles of the bending structure, respectively measure the contact resistance between the contact portion 143 and the contact section 122, the test results are shown in Table 1.
  • the test method of the contact resistance between the contact portion 143 and the contact section 122 is to use a micro-resistance measuring instrument, place one end of the measuring end of the micro-resistance measuring instrument on the contact portion 143, and place the other end on the contact section 122. Same, then read the contact resistance reading on the micro-resistance meter. In this embodiment, a contact resistance greater than 1 m ⁇ is unqualified.
  • the contact section 122 of the socket terminal 120 is located in the socket hole 111 .
  • the diameter of the inscribed circle of the contact portion 143 of the plurality of metal domes 140 can be set to be smaller than the outer diameter of the contact section 122 of the plug terminal 120, so that when the contact portion 143 contacts the contact section 122, the contact section 122 will The contact part 143 is displaced, the elastic part 142 is deformed, and the elastic part 142 feeds back the deformation stress to the contact part 143, so that the contact part 143 exerts pressure on the contact section 122, and the contact between the plug terminal 120 and the metal dome 140 can be realized.
  • the tight fit makes the contact more sufficient, reduces the contact resistance, and improves the electrical performance of the electrical connection structure 100 .
  • the contact portion 143 may further include a guide opening 148 , the diameter of the inscribed circle of the guide opening 148 is larger than the outer diameter of the contact section 122 of the plug terminal 120 .
  • the guide opening 148 first contacts the slope of the contact section 122, thereby making the contact The part 143 moves backward, and the guide opening 148 is provided, which can reduce the insertion force of the plug terminal 120 into the plug hole 111, make the assembly of the electrical connection structure 100 easier, save man-hours, and improve production efficiency.
  • the contact portion 143 is located in the insertion hole 111 , and/or is located above the insertion hole 111 , and/or is located below the insertion hole 111 .
  • the contact portion 143 is located in a different position of the socket hole 111 , which not only saves installation space, but also ensures sufficient contact between the contact portion 143 and the contact segment 122 , and improves the electrical performance of the electrical connection structure 100 .
  • the contact part 143 may further include a support part, and the support part is fixed on the circuit board 110 .
  • the contact between the contact portion 143 and the contact section 122 is realized through the elastic deformation of the elastic portion 142, but the elastic portion 142 also has metal fatigue. After the impact, the elastic part 142 will lose its elasticity, so that the contact force between the contact part 143 and the contact segment 122 will decrease, and the contact resistance will increase, resulting in excessive temperature rise of the contact part and damage to the electrical connection structure 100 .
  • both ends of the metal dome 140 can be fixed on the circuit board 110, thereby avoiding the elastic force caused by the single-ended free end of the metal dome 140
  • the portion 142 loses its elasticity, thereby ensuring excellent contact between the contact portion 143 and the contact segment 122 , and improving the electrical performance of the electrical connection structure 100 .
  • the elastic portion 142 of the metal dome 140 is elastically deformed, and the resilience of the elastic portion 142 acts on the contact portion 143, and further Pressure is applied to the contact section 122 of the plug terminal 120 to achieve a stable electrical connection between the plug terminal 120 , the metal dome 140 and the circuit board 110 .
  • the pressure exerted by the contact portion 143 on the contact segment 122 may be 0.5N-50N.
  • the inventor selected the metal dome 140, the plug terminal 120 and the circuit board 110 of the same size, with the same The relative position is installed, but the elastic force of different elastic parts 142 is selected, and the contact resistance between the contact part 143 and the contact section 122 is measured respectively. The test results are shown in Table 2.
  • the elastic force of the elastic part 142 adopts a precision push-pull force meter to fix the metal shrapnel 140, and the precision push-pull force meter measures the elastic force after the elastic part 142 moves and works.
  • the test method of the contact resistance between the contact portion 143 and the contact section 122 is to use a micro-resistance measuring instrument, place one end of the measuring end of the micro-resistance measuring instrument on the contact portion 143, and place the other end on the contact section 122. Same, then read the contact resistance reading on the micro-resistance meter. In this embodiment, a contact resistance greater than 1 m ⁇ is unqualified.
  • the metal dome 140 is made of copper or copper alloy, and the conductor material made of copper has good electrical conductivity, good ductility, and excellent elasticity, and is the preferred conductor material.
  • the material of the metal dome 140 contains tellurium.
  • the metal shrapnel 140 is made of tellurium-copper alloy, which makes the terminal have good electrical conductivity and easy processing performance, ensures electrical performance and improves processability, and meanwhile, the tellurium-copper alloy has excellent elasticity.
  • the content of tellurium in the material of the metal dome 140 is 0.1%-5%.
  • each metal shrapnel 140 is a tellurium-copper alloy, and the proportions of tellurium are 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 1%, 1.2%, and 1.8%, respectively. %, 3%, 5%, 6%, 7%.
  • the test content is the elastic force and resistance of the metal dome 140 , and the test results are shown in Table 3.
  • the elastic force of the elastic part 142 adopts a precision push-pull force meter to fix the metal shrapnel 140.
  • the precision push-pull force meter measures the elastic force after the elastic part 142 moves and works. In this embodiment, an elastic force less than 20N is unqualified.
  • the test method of the resistance of metal shrapnel 140 is to use micro-resistance measuring instrument, the measuring end of micro-resistance measuring instrument is placed on the two ends of metal dome 140, and the position that each measurement is placed is identical, then reads the resistance on the micro-resistance measuring instrument reading.
  • resistance greater than 1 m ⁇ is unqualified.
  • the material of the metal dome 140 contains beryllium.
  • the metal shrapnel 140 is made of beryllium copper alloy, so that the terminal has high hardness, elastic limit, fatigue limit and wear resistance, and also has good corrosion resistance, thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity, and does not generate sparks when impacted.
  • the content of beryllium in the material of the metal dome 140 is 0.05%-5%. The limitation of the content of beryllium in the metal dome 140 is obtained by the inventor after many experiments.
  • the content of beryllium in the material of the metal dome 140 is less than 0.05%, since the material is close to pure copper, it is easy to generate sparks when being hit.
  • the content of beryllium in the material of the metal dome 140 is greater than 5%, the electrical conductivity of the beryllium-copper alloy is lower than that of pure copper, so the resistance value of the metal dome 140 does not meet the requirements. Therefore, the content of beryllium in the material of the metal dome 140 is 0.05%-5%. More preferably, the content of beryllium in the material of the metal dome 140 is 0.1%-3.5%.
  • each metal shrapnel 140 is a beryllium copper alloy.
  • the content of beryllium accounts for 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 1%, 1.2%, 1.8%, 3%, 5%, 6%, and 7%, respectively.
  • the test content is the resistance and ignition of the metal shrapnel 140, and the test results are shown in Table 4.
  • the test method of the resistance of metal shrapnel 140 is to use micro-resistance measuring instrument, the measuring end of micro-resistance measuring instrument is placed on the two ends of metal dome 140, and the position that each measurement is placed is identical, then reads the resistance on the micro-resistance measuring instrument reading.
  • resistance greater than 1 m ⁇ is unqualified.
  • the sparking situation of metal shrapnel 140 is to adopt charged plug-in terminal 120 to collide with metal shrapnel 140, simulate the state under the working conditions of plug-in terminal 120 and metal shrapnel 140, observe the collision 1000 times, the number of times of sparking situation occurs, strike If the number of fire situations exceeds 3 times, it is unqualified.
  • the content of beryllium in the material of the metal shrapnel 140 is 0.1%-3.5%, the resistance and ignition of the metal shrapnel 140 are in a better range, therefore, the inventors set the material of the metal shrapnel 140 to be beryllium
  • the content of is preferably 0.1%-3.5%.
  • plating is provided on the contact section 122 of the contact terminal and the contact portion 143 of the metal dome 140 .
  • the coating material on the contact segment 122 is different from the coating material on the contact portion 143.
  • the purpose of the coating is to improve corrosion resistance, improve electrical conductivity, increase the number of times of plugging, and better prolong the service life of the plug terminal 120 and the metal shrapnel 140 .
  • the plating layer can adopt methods such as electroplating, chemical plating, magnetron sputtering or vacuum plating.
  • the plating thicknesses of the metal domes 140 and the plug terminals 120 may be the same, or may be set as platings of different thicknesses as required.
  • the electroplating method is the process of plating a thin layer of other metals or alloys on some metal surfaces by using the principle of electrolysis.
  • the electroless plating method is a process of metal deposition through a controllable oxidation-reduction reaction under the catalysis of metals.
  • the magnetron sputtering method uses the interaction between the magnetic field and the electric field to make electrons run in a spiral shape near the target surface, thereby increasing the probability of electrons colliding with argon to generate ions.
  • the generated ions hit the target surface under the action of the electric field to sputter out the target material.
  • the vacuum plating method is to deposit various metal and non-metal films on the surface of plastic parts by distillation or sputtering under vacuum conditions.
  • the coating material can contain one or more of gold, silver, nickel, tin, zinc, tin-lead alloy, silver-antimony alloy, palladium, palladium-nickel alloy, graphite silver, graphene silver, and silver-gold-zirconium alloy. Copper is used as a One kind of active metal will oxidize with oxygen and water during use, so one or more inert metals are needed as the coating to prolong the service life of the metal domes 140 and the plug terminals 120 . In addition, for metal contacts that need to be plugged and pulled out frequently, a better wear-resistant metal is also required as a coating, which can greatly increase the service life of the contacts. In addition, the contacts need good electrical conductivity. The electrical conductivity and stability of the above metals are better than copper or copper alloys, which can enable the metal shrapnel 140 and the plug terminal 120 to obtain better electrical performance and longer service life. life.
  • the corrosion resistance time test in Table 5 below is to put the metal shrapnel 140 and the plug-in terminal 120 into the salt spray test box, and spray salt spray on each position of the metal shrapnel 140 and the plug-in terminal 120, each Take it out and clean it every 20 hours to observe the surface corrosion, that is, a cycle, until the surface corrosion area of the metal shrapnel 140 and the plug terminal 120 is greater than 10% of the total area, stop the test, and record the number of cycles at that time. In this embodiment, the number of cycles less than 80 is considered unqualified.
  • the plating layer may include a bottom layer and a surface layer.
  • the coating adopts a multi-layer plating method. After the plug-in terminal 120 and the metal dome 140 are processed, there are still many gaps and holes under the surface microscopic interface.
  • the biggest cause of wear and corrosion of the terminal 120 during use so it is necessary to plate a bottom layer on the surface of the metal dome 140 and the plug-in terminal 120 to fill the gaps and holes on the surface to make the surface smooth and free of holes, and then plate the surface layer , the combination will be firmer and smoother, and the surface of the coating will have no gaps or holes, so that the wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and electrical performance of the metal shrapnel 140 and the plug terminal 120 are better, and the metal shrapnel 140 and the plug terminal 120 are greatly extended.
  • the service life of the plug terminal 120 The service life of the plug terminal 120.
  • the underlying material may contain one or more of gold, silver, nickel, tin, tin-lead alloy and zinc; the surface material may contain gold, silver, nickel, tin, tin-lead alloy, silver-antimony alloy, palladium , palladium nickel alloy, graphite silver, graphene silver and silver gold zirconium alloy in one or more.
  • the underlying material is the existing material, and the surface material is also the existing material.
  • the thickness of the bottom layer is 0.01 ⁇ m-15 ⁇ m.
  • the bottom layer has a thickness of 0.1 ⁇ m-9 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the surface layer is 0.3 ⁇ m-55 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the surface layer is 0.5 ⁇ m-35 ⁇ m.
  • the inventor used the metal dome 140 and the plug-in terminal 120 with the same specification and material, different thicknesses of the nickel-plated bottom layer, and the same thickness of the silver-plated surface layer. Samples were tested for a series of temperature rise and corrosion resistance time, and the experimental results are shown in Table 6 below.
  • the temperature rise test in Table 6 below is to pass the same current to the metal dome 140 and the plug-in terminal 120 after contact, and detect the same position of the metal dome 140 and the plug-in terminal 120 before power-on and after temperature stabilization in a closed environment. temperature, and make the difference to take the absolute value. In this embodiment, a temperature rise greater than 50K is considered unqualified.
  • the corrosion resistance time test in Table 6 below is to put the metal shrapnel 140 and the plug-in terminal 120 into the salt spray test box, and spray salt spray on each position of the metal shrapnel 140 and the plug-in terminal 120. Take it out and clean it every 20 hours to observe the surface corrosion, that is, a cycle, until the surface corrosion area of the metal shrapnel 140 and the plug terminal 120 is greater than 10% of the total area, stop the test, and record the number of cycles at that time. In this embodiment, the number of cycles less than 80 is considered unqualified.
  • the thickness of the bottom layer of nickel plating is greater than 15 ⁇ m, due to the thick bottom layer, the heat generated by the metal shrapnel 140 and the plug-in terminal 120 cannot be dissipated, so that the temperature rise of the metal shrapnel 140 and the plug-in terminal 120 is unqualified, and the coating is relatively thick On the contrary, it is easy to fall off from the surface of the metal dome 140 and the plug terminal 120 , resulting in a decrease in the number of cycles of corrosion resistance. Therefore, the inventors choose the thickness of the bottom plating layer to be 0.01 ⁇ m-15 ⁇ m.
  • the inventors found that when the thickness of the underlying coating is 0.1 ⁇ m-9 ⁇ m, the comprehensive effect of the temperature rise and corrosion resistance of the metal shrapnel 140 and the plug-in terminal 120 is better. Therefore, in order to further improve the safety and reliability of the product itself and Practically, the thickness of the underlying coating is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m-9 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the surface silver plating layer is greater than 55 ⁇ m, due to the thicker bottom layer, the heat generated by the metal dome 140 and the plug-in terminal 120 cannot be dissipated, so that the temperature rise of the metal dome 140 and the plug-in terminal 120 is unqualified, and the coating is thicker On the contrary, it is easy to fall off from the surface of the terminal, resulting in a decrease in the number of cycles of corrosion resistance. Moreover, since the surface coating metal is more expensive, the use of a thicker coating does not improve performance, and there is no use value. Therefore, the inventor chooses the thickness of the surface silver plating layer to be 0.3 ⁇ m-55 ⁇ m.
  • the inventors found that when the thickness of the surface coating is 0.5 ⁇ m-35 ⁇ m, the comprehensive effect of the temperature rise and corrosion resistance of the metal shrapnel 140 and the plug terminal 120 is better. Therefore, in order to further improve the safety and reliability of the product itself and Practically, the thickness of the surface coating is preferably 0.5 ⁇ m-35 ⁇ m.
  • the number of metal shrapnel 140 is 3-24.
  • the symmetrically arranged metal shrapnel 140 can prevent the plug terminal 120 from moving in the direction where the two metal shrapnels 140 are connected.
  • the number of metal domes 140 is greater than 24, the electrical conductivity of the metal domes 140 and the contact section 122 will not be increased. On the contrary, more metal domes 140 need to be welded to increase the processing time and increase the cost of the product.
  • the contact between the plug terminal 120 and the metal dome 140 is good, the connection between the metal dome 140 and the circuit board 110 is stable, and the plurality of metal domes 140 provide multiple signal detection points, ensuring signal transmission stability; at the same time, the metal shrapnel 140 itself has good performance, can be plugged and pulled out more than 120 times, and has a long service life.
  • An electrical connection structure 200 according to the second embodiment will be described below with reference to FIGS. 7 to 9 . Except for the metal dome 240 and the circuit board 210, the plug terminal 120 and the metal bracket have the same structure and configuration as described in the first embodiment. Therefore, elements having substantially the same function as elements in the first embodiment will be given the same reference numerals herein. And for the sake of brevity, it will not be described and/or shown in detail here.
  • the metal elastic piece 240 includes a fixed portion 241 , an elastic portion 242 and a contact portion 243 arranged in sequence.
  • the fixing portions 241 of the plurality of metal elastic pieces 240 are fixed to the reserved holes of the circuit board 210 along the circumferential direction of the insertion hole.
  • Reinforcing ribs are provided at the transition between the elastic portion 242 and the contact portion 243 , and/or at the transition between the fixed portion 241 and the elastic portion 242 .
  • the setting of the reinforcing rib 245 can strengthen the strength and rigidity of the metal elastic piece 240 at the connection transition point 244 between the elastic part 242 and the contact part 243, and/or the connection transition point between the fixed part 241 and the elastic part 242, and the strength and rigidity of the connecting terminal 120 times During the process of plugging and unplugging, the metal dome 240 will not break from the connection transition 244 and affect its service life.
  • the ratio of the height of the reinforcing rib 245 protruding from the surface of the connecting transition 244 to the thickness of the metal dome 240 ranges from 0.1 times to 1 times.
  • the elastic force of the elastic part 242 adopts a precision push-pull force meter to fix the metal shrapnel 240, and the precision push-pull force meter measures the elastic force after the elastic part 242 moves and works.
  • an elastic force less than 20N is unqualified.
  • the service life test of the metal dome 240 is to assemble the metal dome 240 with the same plug-in terminal 120 and circuit board 110, then continuously insert and pull the plug-in terminal 120, and then observe the fracture of the metal dome 240 every 10 times, If breakage occurs, the experiment is stopped, and the number of insertions and extractions at that time is recorded, and it is unqualified if it is less than 8000 times.
  • the reinforcing rib 245 is constantly bent, and the higher the height, the less the number of times of bending. Therefore, the inventors set the ratio of the height of the reinforcing rib 245 protruding from the surface of the connection transition 244 to the thickness of the metal dome 240 in a range of 0.1 times to 1 times.
  • the contact portion 243 of the metal dome 240 may be provided with a bent structure.
  • the elastic portion 242 of the metal dome 240 is elastically deformed, and the resilience of the elastic portion 242 acts on the contact section of the plug terminal 120, so that the plug A stable electrical connection is realized between the terminal 120 and the metal dome 240 .
  • the present invention also provides a charging socket, which may include the electrical connection structure 100 in any one of the above-mentioned embodiments.
  • the electrical connection structure 100 of the present invention includes a good contact between the plug terminal 120 and the metal dome 140, the connection between the metal dome 140 and the circuit board 110 is stable, and multiple metal domes 140 provide multiple signal detection points to ensure the stability of signal transmission At the same time, the metal shrapnel 140 itself has good performance, can be plugged and pulled out more than 120 times, and has a long service life.
  • the present invention also provides a car, which may include the above-mentioned charging socket and/or the electrical connection structure of any of the above-mentioned embodiments.
  • the plug terminals 120 are usually directly welded on the circuit board. If the plug terminals 120 are damaged during use, the plug terminals 120 are not easy to remove during maintenance, which will increase maintenance man-hours and increase maintenance costs. If the plug terminals 120 are not welded firmly, it will lead to poor contact between the plug terminals 120 and the circuit board 110 , thereby affecting the stability of the electrical connection between the circuit board 110 and the plug terminals 120 . This will cause the equipment to leak electricity, and there is a risk of electric shock and casualties.
  • the automobile provided by the present invention adopts the electrical connection structure comprising the above-mentioned charging socket and/or any one of the above-mentioned embodiments.
  • the circuit board 110 and the plug-in terminal 120 are contacted and connected by a metal shrapnel 140, and the plug-in terminal 120 can be connected at any time.
  • the circuit board 110 is removed, which saves maintenance man-hours and reduces maintenance costs.
  • the elastic force of the metal dome 140 is stable, and the contact resistance of the plug terminal 120 is always in a stable state. When the car is in motion and the plug terminal 120 is constantly vibrating, the metal dome 140 can also maintain a stable relationship with the plug terminal 120. Electrical connection ensures the safety of the car and prolongs the service life of the car.

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  • Coupling Device And Connection With Printed Circuit (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供了一种电连接结构、充电插座及汽车，应用于线路板，所述线路板设置有插接孔，所述电连接结构包括：多个金属弹片和插接端子；其中，多个所述金属弹片沿所述插接孔的圆周方向固定至线路板上，在所述插接端子插设于所述插接孔中的状态下，所述插接端子与多个所述金属弹片接触连接，以形成所述插接端子与所述线路板的电连接。根据本发明的电连接结构，插接端子与金属弹片接触良好，金属弹片与线路板的连接稳固，且多个金属弹片提供了多个信号检测点，保证了信号传输的稳定性；同时金属弹片本身性能好、可供插接端子多次插拔，使用寿命长。

Description

一种电连接结构、充电插座及汽车
本申请要求2021年08月07日递交的申请号为202110904556.3、发明名称为“一种电连接结构”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及新能源车辆充电领域，尤其涉及一种可用于线路板的电连接结构。
背景技术
从20世纪90年代开始，在能源和环境的双重压力下，电动汽车的研究开发再次进入了一个活跃期。在这近20年期间，随着各种科学技术的高速发展，电动汽车的许多技术难点逐渐得到了解决。世界各大汽车制造商纷纷推出各自的电动汽车产品。
充电桩、充电枪和充电插座是电动汽车的主要充电装置，其中，充电装置标准中要求，所有的充电装置中，必须设置PE线。PE线是充电装置的接地线，用于出现漏电时对设备和人的保护作用。现有的充电枪或充电插座中，PE线中的端子通常直接焊接在线路板上，如果PE线中的端子在使用过程中损坏，则维修时PE线中的端子不易拆除，会增加维修工时，增加维修成本。若PE线中的端子焊接不牢固，则会导致PE线中的端子与线路板接触不良，进而影响线路板与PE线中的端子之间电连接的稳定性。导致设备漏电，有人员触电伤亡的风险。
因此，现有技术中亟需一种新的方案来解决上述问题。
发明内容
本发明提供一种电连接结构，以保证线路板与端子之间信号传输的稳定性。
本发明提供的具体技术方案如下：
一种电连接结构，应用于线路板，所述线路板设置有插接孔，所述电连接结构包括：
多个金属弹片，和插接端子；
其中，多个所述金属弹片沿所述插接孔的圆周方向固定至线路板上，在所述插接端子插设于所述插接孔中的状态下，所述插接端子与多个所述金属弹片均接触连接，以形成所述插接端子与所述线路板的电连接。
可选地，所述插接端子包括接触段，所述接触段与所述金属弹片接触连接。
可选地，还包括端子支架，所述端子支架固定在所述线路板上。
可选地，所述插接端子还包括固定段，所述固定段固定在所述端子支架上。
可选地，所述接触段外径小于所述插接孔直径，所述接触段位于所述插接孔中。
可选地，多个所述金属弹片沿所述插接孔的圆周方向环形布置。
可选地，多个所述金属弹片均匀环形布置。
可选地，所述金属弹片包括依次设置的固定部、弹力部和接触部，其中，所述固定部固定在所述线路板上。
可选地，所述弹力部和所述接触部的连接过渡处，和/或所述固定部和所述弹力部的连接过渡处，设置有加强筋。
可选地，所述加强筋突出于所述连接过渡处表面的高度占所述金属弹片厚度的比值范围为0.1倍-1倍。
可选地，所述金属弹片包括中间的所述固定部，以及向两侧延伸依次连接的所述弹力部和所述接触部，所述固定部固定在所述线路板上。
可选地，所述固定部固定在所述插接孔的内表面和/或所述线路板的上表面和/或所述线路板的下表面。
可选地，所述接触部设置圆弧结构或弯折结构。
可选地，所述弯折结构的弯折角度为90°-160°。
可选地，多个所述接触部呈圆周排列，多个所述接触部的内切圆直径小于所述接触段外径。
可选地，所述接触部还包括导向口，所述导向口的内切圆直径大于所述接触段外径。
可选地，所述接触部位于所述插接孔内，和/或位于插接孔上方，和/或位于插接孔下方。
可选地，所述接触部还包括支撑部，所述支撑部固定在所述线路板上。
可选地，所述插接端子与多个所述接触部接触连接时，所述弹力部弹性变形，所述接触部施加压力在所述插接端子上。
可选地，所述压力为0.5N-50N。
可选地，所述金属弹片的材质为铜或铜合金。
可选地，所述金属弹片的材质中含有碲。
可选地，所述金属弹片的材质中碲的含量为0.1％-5％。
可选地，所述金属弹片的材质中含有铍。
可选地，所述金属弹片的材质中铍的含量为0.05％～5％。
可选地，所述金属弹片的材质中铍的含量为0.11～3.5％。
可选地，所述接触段和所述接触部上设置有镀层。
可选地，所述镀层材质为金、银、镍、锡、锌、锡铅合金、银锑合金、钯、钯镍合金、石墨银、石墨烯银和银金锆合金中的一种或多种。
可选地，所述镀层包括底层和表层。
可选地，所述底层材质为金、银、镍、锡、锡铅合金和锌中的一种或多种；所述表层材质为金、银、镍、锡、锡铅合金、银锑合金、钯、钯镍合金、石墨银、石墨烯银和银金锆合金中的一种或多种。
可选地，所述底层厚度为0.01μm-15μm。
可选地，所述底层厚度为0.1μm-9μm。
可选地，所述表层厚度为0.3μm-55μm。
可选地，所述表层厚度为0.5μm-35μm。
可选地，所述金属弹片数量为3个-24个。
本发明还提供一种充电插座，所述充电插座包含上述任一实施方式的电连接结构。
本发明还提供一种汽车，所述汽车包含所述充电插座和/或包含上述任一实施方式的电连接结构。
本发明可以带来如下有益效果：
1、本发明的插接端子与金属弹片接触良好，金属弹片与线路板的连接稳固，且多个金属弹片提供了多个信号检测点，保证了信号传输的稳定性；同时金属弹片本身性能好、可供插接端子多次插拔，使用寿命长；
2、本发明的金属弹片可以构造成包括依次设置的固定部、弹力部和接触部，多个金属弹片的固定部沿插接孔的圆周方向固定在所述线路板的板面上，既可以保证金属弹片与线路板之间的稳定性，同时通过接触部与插接端子的接触段的接触，而使弹力部弹性形变，所述接触部施加压力在所述接触段上，保证了插接端子与金属弹片之间电连接的稳定性；
3、在金属弹片的接触部设置圆弧结构或弯折结构，进一步保证了插接端子(不限于PE端子)与金属弹片之间电连接的稳定性；
4、多个所述接触部位于所述插接孔内，或位于插接孔上方，或位于插接孔下方；可以考虑线路板的安装空间，调整插接端子与金属弹片的接触位置；
5、金属弹片的接触部的弯折结构的弯折角度为90°-160°，该弯折角度的设定，能够使金属弹片在弯折处直接形成接触部和导向口，以保证金属弹片和插接端子接触的稳定性，以及插接端子插入时的顺利导向；
6、本发明的金属弹片采用了碲铜合金，使金属弹片具有良好的导电性和易加工性能，保证电学性能也能提高加工性，同时，碲铜合金的弹性也很优良；
7、本发明的接触段和接触部上设置了镀层，能够更好的增加触点的导电性能，以及耐磨性和防腐性能，优选的采用复合镀层，能够更好的提高镀层的牢固度，在多次的插拔后，依然能够保证镀层的不脱落和耐腐蚀性；
8、本发明的金属弹片可以包括中间的固定部，以及向两侧延伸依次连接的弹力部和接触部，固定部固定在线路板上，进一步地，固定部可以固定在插接孔的内表面或线路板的上表面或线路板的下表面，由此，保证了金属弹片与线路板之间的电连接的稳定性。
附图说明
图1为根据本申请的第一实施方式的电连接结构的结构示意图；
图2为图1所示的电连接结构，省略插接端子和端子支架的结构示意图，其中，示出了第一实施方式的多个金属弹片与线路板之间的配合；
图3为第一实施方式的电连接结构中金属弹片的结构示意图；
图4为第一实施方式的电连接结构中线路板的结构示意图，其中，示出了插接孔；
图5为第一实施方式的电连接结构中插接端子的结构示意图；
图6为第一实施方式的电连接结构中端子支架的结构示意图；
图7为根据本申请的第二实施方式的电连接结构的结构示意图；
图8为图7所示的电连接结构，省略插接端子和端子支架的结构示意图，其中，示出了第二实施方式的多个金属弹片与线路板之间的配合；
图9为根据本申请的第二实施方式的金属弹片的不同视角的组合示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，并不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
下面对本发明做进一步的详细说明，以令本领域技术人员参照说明书文字能够据以实施。为了对本发明的技术特征、目的和效果有更加清楚的理解，现对照附图说明本发明的具体实施方式。其中，术语“第一”、“第二”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量，由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”等的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本发明的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。在本发明的描述中，除非另有说明，术语“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，可以是可拆卸连接，可以是直接连接，可以是通过中间媒介间接连接，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本专利中的具体含义。
实施方式一
本发明提供一种电连接结构100，应用于线路板，所述线路板设置有插接孔，如图1所示，包括：线路板110、插接端子120和多个金属弹片140。具体地，多个金属弹片140沿插接孔111的圆周方向固定至线路板110上，在插接端子120插设于插接孔111中的状态下，插接端子120与多个金属弹片140均接触连接，以形成所述插接端子120与所述线路板110的电连接。
本发明的插接端子120与金属弹片140接触良好，金属弹片140与线路板110的连接稳固，且多个金属弹片140提供了多个信号检测点，保证了信号传输的稳定性；同时金属弹片140本身弹性性能好、可供插接端子120多次插拔，使用寿命长。解决了现有技术中，由于焊接引脚不牢固，可能导致的接触不良，进而影响线路板110和插接端子120之间电连接的稳定性的问题；并且，本发明通过插接端子120与金属弹片140的插拔连接，相比于焊接连接，可反复插拔，增强了线路板110的适配性能。
接下来结合图1至图6详细说明本实施方式中电连接结构的各个部件的详细结构。
具体地，如图5所示，插接端子120包括依次连接的插接段121、接触段122、固定段123和连接段124。其中，插接段121用于与对配端端子插接，例如充电枪的公端子和充电插座的母端子插接连接，使充电电流能够从电源导通到汽车电池中。连接段124用于与线缆导体电连接，例如充电插座内部的插接端子120，与充电插座线缆连接并导 通电能到汽车电池。接触段122用于与金属弹片140接触连接，例如充电插座的PE端子与线路板上的金属弹片140接触，实现线路板从PE端子上读取接地信号的功能。
具体地，如图6所示，本实施方式的电连接结构还包括端子支架130，端子支架130可固定在线路板110上。插接端子120的固定段123固定在端子支架130上。在具体的实施方式中，端子支架130可以通过卡接、粘接和螺钉连接的方式固定在线路板110上，卡接，是指在端子支架130上设置具有弹性的多个卡爪，在线路板110上设置卡槽或卡扣，将端子支架130的多个卡爪与线路板110上的卡槽或卡扣相互卡接，从而将端子支架130固定在线路板110上；粘接，是指在端子支架130和线路板110上都设置粘接面，然后分别涂上粘合剂，使两者的粘接面粘接在一起；螺钉连接，是指在端子支架130上设置螺纹孔，在线路板110上设置通孔，通过螺钉穿过通孔，将线路板110螺接固定在端子支架130上。
更具体地，如图6所示，端子支架可以包括呈U形的夹持部131，对应地，端子的固定段123被夹持在该U形的夹持部之间进行固定。
具体地，如图1、图2和图4所示，线路板110上设置有供插接端子120插接的插接孔111，插接端子120的接触段122外径小于线路板110上的插接孔直径，以便于插接端子120可以顺利地插入插接孔111中。另外，插接孔111与接触段122有一定的间隙，也可以让插接端子120有一定的活动量，在与对插端子插接时，能够轻微偏离轴线位置，避免由于对插偏差过大导致插接端子120无法对插到对插端子中的情况。
具体地，多个金属弹片140沿插接孔111的圆周方向环形布置。如图2所示，环形布置的金属弹片140，能够更大面积的接触到插接端子120的接触段122，从而减小金属弹片140和插接端子120的接触电阻，增加电连接结构100的电学性能。
具体地，多个金属弹片140沿插接孔111的圆周方向均匀环形布置，如图2所示，5个金属弹片140之间的间隔是均匀的，如果多个金属弹片140不沿插接孔111的圆周方向均匀环形布置，甚至都偏到一边，会导致金属弹片140对接触段122施加的弹力不均匀，插接端子120在插接孔111中偏离轴线，导致对插端子无法与插接端子120实现对插，从而无法实现电连接的功能。
具体地，如图2所示，每个金属弹片140均包括依次设置的固定部141、弹力部142和接触部143，其中，多个金属弹片140的固定部141沿插接孔111的圆周方向固定在线路板110的上表面上，固定部141既固定了金属弹片140在线路板110上的位置，同时也为弹力部142的一端提供了固定，当接触部143与接触段122接触时，接触部143 产生位移，使弹力部142产生变形，弹力部142反馈变形应力到接触部143，从而使接触部143对接触段122施加压力，使接触更加充分，降低了接触电阻，提高了电连接结构100的电学性能。
在其他的实施例中，金属弹片140包括中间的固定部141，以及向两侧延伸依次连接的弹力部142和接触部143，其中，固定部141固定在线路板上，固定部141还是起到固定整个金属弹片140的作用，优选地，固定部141焊接在插接孔111的内壁周上，固定部141两侧的弹力部142和接触部143，分别向线路板110的上下面延伸，相当于增大了接触部143与接触段122的接触面积，能够极大的减小接触电阻，提高了电连接结构100的电学性能。
具体地，固定部141固定在插接孔111的内表面和/或线路板110的上表面和/或线路板110的下表面，固定部141可以根据线路板110的具体设计，布置在线路板110的合适位置，从而既不影响线路板110本身的电路性能，也能实现金属弹片140的导通电流和信号的作用。
具体地，接触部143设置圆弧结构或弯折结构，圆弧结构或弯折结构，能使接触部143与接触段122的接触更加顺滑，不会出现卡顿的情况，另外，在电连接结构100使用过程中，接触部143与接触段122会因为振动产生相对位移，如果静止状态，接触部143与接触段122是面接触，在振动环境下，会因为相对位移形成短暂的点接触，此时接触电阻瞬间增大，导通电流也会突然增大，会导致接触部143与接触段122温升过高发生损坏。圆弧结构或弯折结构在振动环境中，也会保持接触部143与接触段122的面接触，从而不会出现导通电流突然增大导致电连接结构100损坏的情况。
具体地，接触部143的弯折结构的弯折角度为90°-160°。为了验证弯折结构的弯折角度对接触部143与接触段122之间的接触电阻的影响，发明人选用相同尺寸的金属弹片140、插接端子120和线路板110，以相同的相对位置进行安装，但是选用不同的弯折结构的弯折角度，分别测量接触部143与接触段122之间的接触电阻，试验结果如表1所示。
接触部143与接触段122的接触电阻的测试方法是使用微电阻测量仪，将微电阻测量仪的测量端一端放置在接触部143上，一端放置在接触段122上，每次测量放置的位置相同，然后读取微电阻测量仪上的接触电阻读数。在本实施例中，接触电阻大于1mΩ为不合格。
表1不同的弯折结构的弯折角度对接触部143与接触段122之间的接触电阻的影响
Figure PCTCN2022110562-appb-000001
从上表1中可以看出，当弯折结构的弯折角度小于90°时，由于角度较小，弯折机构的接触位置较尖锐，相对的和接触段122的接触面积小，接触电阻也会增大，不符合标准要求。而当弯折结构的弯折角度大于160°时，由于弯折机构接近一个平面，没有对应的导向功能，在接触段122插入到接触部143中时，会干涉到接触部143的两端，导致接触段122无法插入到接触部143中，从而使电连接结构100功能无法实现。因此，发明人设定接触部143的弯折结构的弯折角度为90°-160°。
具体地，如图1所示，在插接端子120插设于插接孔111中的状态下，插接端子120的接触段122位于插接孔111中。进一步地，多个金属弹片140的接触部143的内切圆直径可以设置成小于插接端子120的接触段122外径，由此，当接触部143与接触段122接触时，接触段122会使接触部143产生位移，使弹力部142产生变形，弹力部142反馈变形应力到接触部143，从而使接触部143对接触段122施加压力，可以实现插接端子120与金属弹片140之间的紧配合使接触更加充分，降低了接触电阻，提高了电连接结构100的电学性能。
具体地，如图2所示，接触部143还可以包括导向口148，导向口148的内切圆直径大于插接端子120的接触段122的外径。当接触段122插入到接触部143中时，由于导向口148的内切圆直径大于插接端子120的接触段122的外径，因此，导向口148先接触接触段122的斜面，从而将接触部143向后移动，设置导向口148，可以减小插接端子120插入到插接孔111中的插入力，使电连接结构100装配更加轻松，节省工时，提高生产效率。
具体地，接触部143位于插接孔111内，和/或位于插接孔111上方，和/或位于插接孔111下方。电连接结构100在设计过程中，要考虑整体结构减小，就要对内部空间进行优化设计，在不同的安装环境中，可以设计不同的弹力部142的形状，以及固定部141不同的焊接位置，从而使接触部143处于插接孔111不同的位置，既能节省安装空间，也能保证接触部143和接触段122的充分接触，提高了电连接结构100的电学性能。
具体地，接触部143还可以包括支撑部，支撑部固定在线路板110上。在电连接结构100的使用过程中，接触部143和接触段122的接触都是通过弹力部142的弹性变形实现，但是弹力部142也存在金属疲劳，当工作时间过久，或者受到较大的冲击后，弹力部142会丧失弹性，从而使接触部143和接触段122接触力减小，接触电阻增大，导致接触部温升过高引起电连接结构100的损坏。通过在接触部143上增加支撑部，并将支撑部固定在线路板110上，从而使金属弹片140两端都能固定在线路板110上，从而避免由于金属弹片140单端自由端导致的弹力部142丧失弹性，从而保证接触部143和接触段122的优良接触，提高了电连接结构100的电学性能。
具体地，插接端子120的接触段122与多个金属弹片140的接触部143接触连接时，使得金属弹片140的弹力部142弹性变形，弹力部142的回弹力作用于接触部143，并进一步施加压力在插接端子120的接触段122上，以使插接端子120与金属弹片140以及线路板110之间实现稳定的电连接。
进一步地，接触部143施加在接触段122上的压力可以为0.5N-50N。为了验证接触部143施加在接触段122上的压力对接触部143与接触段122之间的接触电阻的影响，发明人选用相同尺寸的金属弹片140、插接端子120和线路板110，以相同的相对位置进行安装，但是选用不同的弹力部142的弹力，分别测量接触部143与接触段122之间的接触电阻，试验结果如表2所示。
弹力部142的弹力是采用精密推拉力计，将金属弹片140固定，精密推拉力计测量弹力部142移动工作位移后的弹力。
接触部143与接触段122的接触电阻的测试方法是使用微电阻测量仪，将微电阻测量仪的测量端一端放置在接触部143上，一端放置在接触段122上，每次测量放置的位置相同，然后读取微电阻测量仪上的接触电阻读数。在本实施例中，接触电阻大于1mΩ为不合格。
表2不同的压力对接触部143与接触段122之间的接触电阻的影响
Figure PCTCN2022110562-appb-000002
从上表2中可以看出，当接触部143施加在接触段122上的压力小于0.5N时，由于压力较小，接触部143和接触段122的接触面积小，接触电阻也会增大，不符合标准要求。而当接触部143施加在接触段122上的压力大于50N时，由于弹力部142的弹力过大，几乎不会变形，而接触部143的内切圆直径小于接触段122外径，导致接触段122无法插入到接触部143中，从而使电连接结构100功能无法实现。因此，发明人设定接触部143施加在接触段122上的压力为0.5N-50N。
在一些实施例中，金属弹片140的材质为铜或铜合金，铜材质的导体材料，导电性能好，延展性好，弹性也很优良，是作为导体材料的优选。
进一步，金属弹片140的材质中含有碲。金属弹片140的材质为碲铜合金，使端子具有良好的导电性和易加工性能，保证电学性能也能提高加工性，同时，碲铜合金的弹性也很优良。优选地，金属弹片140的材质中碲的含量为0.1％-5％。
发明人选用了10个相同形状的金属弹片140进行测试，每个金属弹片140均为碲铜合金，其中碲的含量占比分别为0.05％、0.1％、0.2％、1％、1.2％、1.8％、3％、5％、6％、7％。测试内容为金属弹片140的弹力和电阻，测试结果如表3所示。
弹力部142的弹力是采用精密推拉力计，将金属弹片140固定，精密推拉力计测量弹力部142移动工作位移后的弹力，在本实施例中，弹力小于20N为不合格。
金属弹片140的电阻的测试方法是使用微电阻测量仪，将微电阻测量仪的测量端放置金属弹片140的两端上，每次测量放置的位置相同，然后读取微电阻测量仪上的电阻读数。在本实施例中，电阻大于1mΩ为不合格。
表3不同的碲的含量占比对金属弹片140的弹力和电阻的影响
Figure PCTCN2022110562-appb-000003
从上表3中可以看出，当金属弹片140材质中碲的含量占比小于0.1％时，由于材质接近纯铜，相对材质较软，弹力部142的弹力不符合要求值。而金属弹片140材质中碲的含量占比大于5％时，由于碲铜合金的导电率比纯铜材质要差，导致金属弹片140的电阻值不符合要求。因此，金属弹片140的材质中碲的含量为0.1％-5％。
进一步，金属弹片140的材质中含有铍。金属弹片140的材质为铍铜合金，使端子具有很高的硬度、弹性极限、疲劳极限和耐磨性，还具有良好的耐蚀性、导热性和导电性，且受冲击时不产生火花。优选地，金属弹片140的材质中铍的含量为0.05％-5％。金属弹片140中铍的含量的限定是发明人经过多次试验得出的。
当金属弹片140材质中铍的含量占比小于0.05％时，由于材质接近纯铜，在受到撞击时很容易产生火花。而金属弹片140材质中铍的含量占比大于5％时，由于铍铜合金的导电率比纯铜材质要差，导致金属弹片140的电阻值不符合要求。因此，金属弹片140的材质中铍的含量为0.05％-5％。更优选地，金属弹片140的材质中铍的含量为0.1％-3.5％。
为了验证金属弹片140材质中铍的含量占比对金属弹片140电阻和打火情况的影响，发明人选用了10个相同形状的金属弹片140进行测试，每个金属弹片140均为铍铜合金，其中铍的含量占比分别为0.05％、0.1％、0.2％、1％、1.2％、1.8％、3％、5％、6％、7％。测试内容为金属弹片140的电阻和打火情况，测试结果如表4所示。
金属弹片140的电阻的测试方法是使用微电阻测量仪，将微电阻测量仪的测量端放置金属弹片140的两端上，每次测量放置的位置相同，然后读取微电阻测量仪上的电阻读数。在本实施例中，电阻大于1mΩ为不合格。
金属弹片140的打火情况是采用带电的插接端子120与金属弹片140发生撞击，模拟插接端子120与金属弹片140工作情况下的状态，观察撞击1000次，发生打火情况的次数，打火情况的次数超过3次为不合格。
表4不同的铍的含量占比对金属弹片140的电阻和打火情况的影响
Figure PCTCN2022110562-appb-000004
从上表4中可以看出，当金属弹片140材质中铍的含量占比小于0.05％时，由于材质接近纯铜，在插接端子120与金属弹片140发生撞击时，打火情况的次数超过3次。而金属弹片140材质中铍的含量占比大于5％时，由于铍铜合金的导电率比纯铜材质要差，导致金属弹片140的电阻值不符合要求。因此，金属弹片140的材质中铍的含量为 0.05％-5％。优选地，由于金属弹片140的材质中铍的含量为0.1％-3.5％时，金属弹片140的电阻和打火情况在更优的范围内，因此，发明人设定金属弹片140的材质中铍的含量优选为0.1％-3.5％。
在一些实施方式中，接触端子的接触段122和金属弹片140的接触部143上设置有镀层。优选地，接触段122上的镀层材质不同于接触部143上的镀层材质.
镀层是为了提高耐腐蚀性，提高导电性能，增加接插次数，能够更好的延长插接端子120和金属弹片140的使用寿命。
镀层可采用电镀、化学镀、磁控溅射或者真空镀等方法。金属弹片140和插接端子120的镀层厚度可以一致，也可以根据需要设置为不同厚度的镀层。
电镀方法，就是利用电解原理在某些金属表面上镀上一薄层其它金属或合金的过程。
化学镀方法，是在金属的催化作用下，通过可控制的氧化还原反应产生金属的沉积过程。
磁控溅射方法，是利用磁场与电场交互作用，使电子在靶表面附近成螺旋状运行，从而增大电子撞击氩气产生离子的概率。所产生的离子在电场作用下撞向靶面从而溅射出靶材。
真空镀方法，是采用在真空条件下，通过蒸馏或溅射等方式在塑件表面沉积各种金属和非金属薄膜。
镀层材质可以含有金、银、镍、锡、锌、锡铅合金、银锑合金、钯、钯镍合金、石墨银、石墨烯银和银金锆合金中的一种或多种，铜作为一种活泼金属，在使用过程中会与氧气和水发生氧化反应，因此需要一种或几种不活泼金属作为镀层，延长金属弹片140和插接端子120的使用寿命。另外，对于需要经常插拔的金属触点，也是需要较好的耐磨金属作为镀层，能够极大的增加触点的使用寿命。还有触点需要很好的导电性能，上述金属的导电性和稳定性，都要优于铜或铜合金，能够使金属弹片140和插接端子120获得更好的电学性能和更长的使用寿命。
为了论证不同镀层材质对金属弹片140和插接端子120整体性能的影响，发明人使用相同规格、材质，采用不同镀层材料的金属弹片140和插接端子120样件，做一系列耐腐蚀性时间测试，实验结果如下表5所示。
下表5中的耐腐蚀性时间测试，是将金属弹片140和插接端子120放入到盐雾喷淋试验箱内，对金属弹片140和插接端子120的各个位置喷淋盐雾，每隔20小时取出清洗 观察表面腐蚀情况，即为一个周期，直到金属弹片140和插接端子120表面腐蚀面积大于总面积的10％的时候，停止测试，并记录当时的周期数。在本实施例中，周期数小于80次认为不合格。
表5不同的镀层材质对金属弹片140和插接端子120的耐腐蚀性的影响
Figure PCTCN2022110562-appb-000005
从上表5可以看出，当选用镀层材质含有金、银、银锑合金、钯、钯镍合金、石墨银、石墨烯银和银金锆合金时，实验结果超过标准值较多，性能比较稳定。当选用镀层材质含有镍、锡、锡铅合金、锌时，实验结果也是能够符合要求的，因此，发明人选择镀层材质含有金、银、镍、锡、锡铅合金、锌、银锑合金、钯、钯镍合金、石墨银、石墨烯银和银金锆合金中的一种或多种组合。
进一步地，镀层可以包括底层和表层。在一些实施例中，镀层采用多层镀的方法，插接端子120和金属弹片140在加工后，其实表面微观界面下，还是存在很多缝隙和孔洞，这些缝隙和孔洞是金属弹片140和插接端子120在使用过程中磨损和腐蚀的最大原因，因此需要在金属弹片140和插接端子120表面，先镀一层底层，填补表面的缝隙和孔洞，使表面平整无孔洞，然后再镀表层镀层，就会结合更加牢固，也会更加平整，镀层表面无缝隙和孔洞，使金属弹片140和插接端子120的耐磨性能、抗腐蚀性能、电学性能更优，极大的延长金属弹片140和插接端子120的使用寿命。
所述底层材质可以含有金、银、镍、锡、锡铅合金和锌中的一种或多种；所述表层材质可以含有金、银、镍、锡、锡铅合金、银锑合金、钯、钯镍合金、石墨银、石墨烯银和银金锆合金中的一种或多种。其中底层材质为现有材料，表层材质也为现有材料。
在具体实施方式中，底层厚度为0.01μm-15μm。优选的，所述底层厚度为0.1μm-9μm。
在具体实施方式中，表层厚度为0.3μm-55μm。优选的是，表层厚度为0.5μm-35μm。
为了论证底层镀层厚度变化对金属弹片140和插接端子120整体性能的影响，发明人使用相同规格、材质，采用不同镀镍底层厚度，相同的镀银表层厚度的金属弹片140和插接端子120样件，做一系列温升和耐腐蚀性时间测试，实验结果如下表6所示。
下表6中的温升测试是将接触后的金属弹片140和插接端子120通相同的电流，在封闭的环境下检测通电前和温度稳定后的金属弹片140和插接端子120相同位置的温度，并做差取绝对值。在本实施例中，温升大于50K认为不合格。
下表6中的耐腐蚀性时间测试，是将金属弹片140和插接端子120放入到盐雾喷淋试验箱内，对金属弹片140和插接端子120的各个位置喷淋盐雾，每隔20小时取出清洗观察表面腐蚀情况，即为一个周期，直到金属弹片140和插接端子120表面腐蚀面积大于总面积的10％的时候，停止测试，并记录当时的周期数。在本实施例中，周期数小于80次认为不合格。
表6不同的底层镀层厚度对金属弹片140和插接端子120的温升和耐腐蚀性的影响
Figure PCTCN2022110562-appb-000006
从上表6可以看出，当底层镀镍层厚度小于0.01μm时，金属弹片140和插接端子120的温升虽然合格，但是由于镀层太薄，金属弹片140和插接端子120的耐腐蚀性周期数小于80，不符合金属弹片140和插接端子120的性能要求。对电连接结构100的整体性能和寿命都有很大的影响，严重时造成产品寿命骤减甚至失效燃烧事故。当底层镀镍层厚度大于15μm时，由于底层镀层较厚，金属弹片140和插接端子120产生的热量散发不出来，使金属弹片140和插接端子120的温升不合格，而且镀层较厚反而容易从金属弹片140和插接端子120表面脱落，造成耐腐蚀性周期数下降。因此，发明人选择底层镀层厚度为0.01μm-15μm。优选的，发明人发现底层镀层厚度为0.1μm-9μm时，金属弹片140和插接端子120的温升及耐腐蚀性的综合效果更好，因此，为了进一步提高产品本身的安全性可靠性及实用性，优选底层镀层厚度为0.1μm-9μm。
为了论证表层镀层厚度变化对插接端子整体性能的影响，发明人使用相同规格、材质，采用相同镀镍底层厚度，不同的镀银表层厚度的金属弹片140和插接端子120样件，做一系列温升和耐腐蚀性时间测试，实验结果如下表7所示。
表7不同的表层镀层厚度对金属弹片140和插接端子120的温升和耐腐蚀性的影响
Figure PCTCN2022110562-appb-000007
从上表7可以看出，当表层镀银层厚度小于0.3μm时，金属弹片140和插接端子120的温升虽然合格，但是由于镀层太薄，金属弹片140和插接端子120的耐腐蚀性周期数小于80，不符合金属弹片140和插接端子120的性能要求。对电连接结构100的整体性能和寿命都有很大的影响，严重时造成产品寿命骤减甚至失效燃烧事故。当表层镀银层厚度大于55μm时，由于底层镀层较厚，金属弹片140和插接端子120产生的热量散发不出来，使金属弹片140和插接端子120的温升不合格，而且镀层较厚反而容易从端子表面脱落，造成耐腐蚀性周期数下降。并且，由于表层镀层金属较贵，因此使用较厚的镀层，性能没有上升，不存在使用价值。因此，发明人选择表层镀银层厚度为0.3μm-55μm。
优选的，发明人发现表层镀层厚度为0.5μm-35μm时，金属弹片140和插接端子120的温升及耐腐蚀性的综合效果更好，因此，为了进一步提高产品本身的安全性可靠性及实用性，优选表层镀层厚度为0.5μm-35μm。
具体地，金属弹片140的数量为3个-24个，当金属弹片为2个时，虽然对称设置的金属弹片140可以使插接端子120不会发生在2个金属弹片140连线方向移动，但是无法控制插接端子120在垂直2个金属弹片140连线方向移动，还是会出现插接端子120在插接孔111中偏离轴线的情况，导致对插端子无法与插接端子120实现对插，从而无法实现电连接的功能。而金属弹片140的数量大于24个，不会增加金属弹片140和接触段122的导电性能，反而因为要焊接较多的金属弹片140增加了加工工时，增大了产品的成本。
根据本实施方式的电连接结构100，插接端子120与金属弹片140接触良好，金属弹片140与线路板110的连接稳固，且多个金属弹片140提供了多个信号检测点，保证了信号传输的稳定性；同时金属弹片140本身性能好、可供插接端子120多次插拔，使用寿命长。
第二实施方式
下面将参照图7至图9描述根据第二实施方式的电连接结构200。除了金属弹片240和线路板210之外，插接端子120和金属支架具有与第一实施方式中的所描述的相同的结构和构造。因此，具有与第一实施方式中的元件基本相同功能的元件在此将标号相同。且为简洁起见，此处不再详细描述和/或示出。
如图8所示，金属弹片240包括依次设置的固定部241、弹力部242和接触部243。多个金属弹片240的固定部241固定至线路板210的沿插接孔的圆周方向设置的预留孔中。弹力部242和接触部243的连接过渡处，和/或固定部241和弹力部242的连接过渡处，设置有加强筋。加强筋245的设置，可以加强金属弹片240在弹力部242和接触部243连接过渡处244，和/或固定部241和弹力部242的连接过渡处的强度和刚度，在插接端子120多次插拔的过程中，金属弹片240不至于从连接过渡处244处断裂而影响其使用寿命。优选地，加强筋245突出于连接过渡处244的表面的高度占金属弹片240厚度的比值范围为0.1倍-1倍。
为了验证加强筋245的高度占金属弹片240厚度的比值范围对金属弹片240的弹力和使用寿命的影响，发明人选用了10个相同形状的金属弹片240进行测试，每个金属弹片240在连接过渡处244出冲压出相同形状，高度不同的加强筋245，分别测试金属弹片140的弹力和使用寿命，实验结果如下表8所示。
弹力部242的弹力是采用精密推拉力计，将金属弹片240固定，精密推拉力计测量弹力部242移动工作位移后的弹力，在本实施例中，弹力小于20N为不合格。
金属弹片240的使用寿命试验，是将金属弹片240，与相同的插接端子120和线路板110组装，然后进行插接端子120的不断插拔，然后每10次观察金属弹片240的断裂情况，如果发生断裂，则实验停止，记录当时插拔次数值，低于8000次为不合格。
表8加强筋的高度占金属弹片厚度的比值范围对金属弹片的弹力和使用寿命的影响
Figure PCTCN2022110562-appb-000008
从上表8中可以看出，当加强筋245突出于连接过渡处244的表面的高度占金属弹片240厚度的比值范围小于0.1倍时，由于材质接近纯铜，材质较软，弹力部242的弹 力不符合要求值。而当加强筋245突出于连接过渡处244的表面的高度占金属弹片240厚度的比值范围大于1倍时，由于冲压的高度过高，反而造成金属弹片240厚度拉伸过大，应力集中，在多次插拔实验中，加强筋245不断的弯折，高度越高，弯折的次数越少。因此，发明人设定加强筋245突出于连接过渡处244的表面的高度占金属弹片240厚度的比值范围为0.1倍-1倍。
金属弹片240的接触部243可以设置有弯折结构。在插接端子的接触段与金属弹片240的接触部243接触的同时，使得金属弹片240的弹力部242弹性变形，弹力部242的回弹力作用于插接端子120的接触段上，以使插接端子120与金属弹片240之间实现稳定的电连接。
本发明还提供一种充电插座，充电插座可以包含上述任一实施方式的电连接结构100。本发明的电连接结构100包含插接端子120与金属弹片140接触良好，金属弹片140与线路板110的连接稳固，且多个金属弹片140提供了多个信号检测点，保证了信号传输的稳定性；同时金属弹片140本身性能好、可供插接端子120多次插拔，使用寿命长。
第三实施方式
本发明还提供一种汽车，汽车可以包含上述的充电插座和/或上述任一实施方式的电连接结构。现有充电插座中，插接端子120通常直接焊接在线路板上，如果插接端子120在使用过程中损坏，则维修时插接端子120不易拆除，会增加维修工时，增加维修成本。若插接端子120焊接不牢固，则会导致插接端子120与线路板110接触不良，进而影响线路板110与插接端子120之间电连接的稳定性。导致设备漏电，有人员触电伤亡的风险。本发明提供的汽车，采用了包含上述的充电插座和/或上述任一实施方式的电连接结构，线路板110与插接端子120之间采用金属弹片140接触连接，插接端子120可以随时从线路板110上拆除，节省维修工时，降低维修成本。另外金属弹片140的弹力稳定，和插接端子120的接触电阻始终保持稳定状态，在汽车运动状态下，插接端子120不断的振动状态下，金属弹片140也能和插接端子120保持稳定的电连接，保证汽车的安全性以及延长汽车的使用寿命。
除非另有定义，本文中所使用的技术和科学术语与本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施目的，不是旨在限制本发明。本文中出现的诸如“部件”等术语既可以表示单个的零件，也可以表示多个零件的组合。本文中出现的诸如“安装”、“设置”等术语既可以表示一个部件直接附接至 另一个部件，也可以表示一个部件通过中间件附接至另一个部件。本文中在一个实施方式中描述的特征可以单独地或与其它特征结合地应用于另一个实施方式，除非该特征在该另一个实施方式中不适用或是另有说明。
本发明已经通过上述实施方式进行了说明，但应当理解的是，上述实施方式只是用于举例和说明的目的，而非意在将本发明限制于所描述的实施方式范围内。本领域技术人员可以理解的是，根据本发明的教导还可以做出更多种的变型和修改，这些变型和修改均落在本发明所要求保护的范围以内。

Claims (39)

  1. 一种电连接结构，应用于线路板，所述线路板设置有插接孔，其特征在于，所述电连接结构包括：
    多个金属弹片，和插接端子；
    其中，多个所述金属弹片沿所述插接孔的圆周方向固定至线路板上，在所述插接端子插设于所述插接孔中的状态下，所述插接端子与多个所述金属弹片接触连接，以形成所述插接端子与所述线路板的电连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电连接结构，其特征在于，所述插接端子包括接触段，所述接触段与所述金属弹片接触连接。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的电连接结构，其特征在于，还包括端子支架，所述端子支架固定在所述线路板上。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电连接结构，其特征在于，所述插接端子还包括固定段，所述固定段固定在所述端子支架上。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的电连接结构，其特征在于，所述接触段外径小于所述插接孔直径，所述接触段位于所述插接孔中。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的电连接结构，其特征在于，多个所述金属弹片沿所述插接孔的圆周方向环形布置。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电连接结构，其特征在于，多个所述金属弹片均匀环形布置。
  8. 根据权利要求2所述的电连接结构，其特征在于，所述金属弹片包括依次设置的固定部、弹力部和接触部，其中，所述固定部固定在所述线路板上。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电连接结构，其特征在于，所述弹力部和所述接触部的连接过渡处，和/或所述固定部和所述弹力部的连接过渡处，设置有加强筋。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的电连接结构，其特征在于，所述加强筋突出于所述连接过渡处表面的高度占所述金属弹片厚度的比值范围为0.1倍-1倍。
  11. 根据权利要求2所述的电连接结构，其特征在于，所述金属弹片包括中间的固定部，以及向两侧延伸依次连接的弹力部和接触部，其中，所述固定部固定在所述线路板上。
  12. 根据权利要求8或11所述的电连接结构，其特征在于，所述固定部固定在所述插接孔的内表面和/或所述线路板的上表面和/或所述线路板的下表面。
  13. 根据权利要求8或11所述的电连接结构，其特征在于，所述接触部设置圆弧结构或弯折结构。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的电连接结构，其特征在于，所述弯折结构的弯折角度为90°-160°。
  15. 根据权利要求8或11所述的电连接结构，其特征在于，多个所述接触部呈圆周排列，多个所述接触部的内切圆直径小于所述接触段外径。
  16. 根据权利要求8或11所述的电连接结构，其特征在于，所述接触部还包括导向口，所述导向口的内切圆直径大于所述接触段外径。
  17. 根据权利要求8或11所述的电连接结构，其特征在于，所述接触部位于所述插接孔内，和/或位于插接孔上方，和/或位于插接孔下方。
  18. 根据权利要求8或11所述的电连接结构，其特征在于，所述接触部还包括支撑部，所述支撑部固定在所述线路板上。
  19. 根据权利要求8或11所述的电连接结构，其特征在于，所述插接端子与多个所述接触部接触连接时，所述弹力部弹性变形，所述接触部施加压力在所述插接端子上。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的电连接结构，其特征在于，所述压力为0.5N-50N。
  21. 根据权利要求1所述的电连接结构，其特征在于，所述金属弹片的材质为铜或铜合金。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的电连接结构，其特征在于，所述金属弹片的材质中含有碲。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的电连接结构，其特征在于，所述金属弹片的材质中碲的含量为0.1％-5％。
  24. 根据权利要求21所述的电连接结构，其特征在于，所述金属弹片的材质中含有铍。
  25. 根据权利要求24所述的电连接结构，其特征在于，所述金属弹片的材质中铍的含量为0.05％～5％。
  26. 根据权利要求25所述的电连接结构，其特征在于，所述金属弹片的材质中铍的含量为0.1％～3.5％。
  27. 根据权利要求8或11所述的电连接结构，其特征在于，所述接触段和所述接触部上设置有镀层。
  28. 根据权利要求27所述的电连接结构，其特征在于，所述接触段上的镀层材质不同于所述接触部上的镀层材质。
  29. 根据权利要求27所述的电连接结构，其特征在于，所述镀层材质含有金、银、镍、锡、锌、锡铅合金、银锑合金、钯、钯镍合金、石墨银、石墨烯银和银金锆合金中的一种或多种。
  30. 根据权利要求27所述的电连接结构，其特征在于，所述镀层包括底层和表层。
  31. 根据权利要求30所述的电连接结构，其特征在于，所述底层材质含有金、银、镍、锡、锡铅合金和锌中的一种或多种；所述表层材质含有金、银、镍、锡、锡铅合金、银锑合金、钯、钯镍合金、石墨银、石墨烯银和银金锆合金中的一种或多种。
  32. 根据权利要求30所述的电连接结构，其特征在于，所述底层厚度为0.01μm-15μm。
  33. 根据权利要求30所述的电连接结构，其特征在于，所述底层厚度为0.1μm-9μm。
  34. 根据权利要求30所述的电连接结构，其特征在于，所述表层厚度为0.3μm-55μm。
  35. 根据权利要求30所述的电连接结构，其特征在于，所述表层厚度为0.5μm-35μm。
  36. 根据权利要求1所述的电连接结构，其特征在于，所述金属弹片数量为3个-24个。
  37. 根据权利要求1所述的电连接结构，其特征在于，所述插接端子的材质中含有铜或铜合金或铝或铝合金中的一种。
  38. 一种充电插座，其特征在于，所述充电插座包含权利要求1-37任一项所述的电连接结构。
  39. 一种汽车，其特征在于，所述汽车包含权利要求38所述的充电插座和/或包含权利要求1-37任一项所述的电连接结构。
PCT/CN2022/110562 2021-08-07 2022-08-05 一种电连接结构、充电插座及汽车 WO2023016369A1 (zh)

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EP0123376A2 (en) * 1983-02-10 1984-10-31 Hitachi, Ltd. Connector using a shape memory alloy member
DE19735409A1 (de) * 1997-08-14 1999-03-04 Kathrein Werke Kg Leiterplatine sowie zugehöriges Kontaktelement
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