WO2023019514A1 - 一种混合动力车辆及其发动机起停控制方法和装置 - Google Patents

一种混合动力车辆及其发动机起停控制方法和装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023019514A1
WO2023019514A1 PCT/CN2021/113557 CN2021113557W WO2023019514A1 WO 2023019514 A1 WO2023019514 A1 WO 2023019514A1 CN 2021113557 W CN2021113557 W CN 2021113557W WO 2023019514 A1 WO2023019514 A1 WO 2023019514A1
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Prior art keywords
engine
stop
level
battery
occurs
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PCT/CN2021/113557
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘义强
井俊超
吴杰
王永建
郭文松
惠冰
王瑞平
肖逸阁
Original Assignee
宁波吉利罗佑发动机零部件有限公司
极光湾科技有限公司
浙江吉利控股集团有限公司
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Application filed by 宁波吉利罗佑发动机零部件有限公司, 极光湾科技有限公司, 浙江吉利控股集团有限公司 filed Critical 宁波吉利罗佑发动机零部件有限公司
Priority to EP21942130.2A priority Critical patent/EP4163170A4/en
Priority to PCT/CN2021/113557 priority patent/WO2023019514A1/zh
Priority to CN202180004591.8A priority patent/CN114174139A/zh
Publication of WO2023019514A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023019514A1/zh

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/442Series-parallel switching type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/18009Propelling the vehicle related to particular drive situations
    • B60W30/18018Start-stop drive, e.g. in a traffic jam
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W10/04Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
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    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/24Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means
    • B60W10/26Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means for electrical energy, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W20/10Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B60W20/13Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand in order to stay within battery power input or output limits; in order to prevent overcharging or battery depletion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
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    • B60W20/15Control strategies specially adapted for achieving a particular effect
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02NSTARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/0803Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines characterised by means for initiating engine start or stop
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02NSTARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/0814Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines comprising means for controlling automatic idle-start-stop
    • F02N11/0818Conditions for starting or stopping the engine or for deactivating the idle-start-stop mode
    • F02N11/0825Conditions for starting or stopping the engine or for deactivating the idle-start-stop mode related to prevention of engine restart failure, e.g. disabling automatic stop at low battery state
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02NSTARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/0814Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines comprising means for controlling automatic idle-start-stop
    • F02N11/0818Conditions for starting or stopping the engine or for deactivating the idle-start-stop mode
    • F02N11/0829Conditions for starting or stopping the engine or for deactivating the idle-start-stop mode related to special engine control, e.g. giving priority to engine warming-up or learning
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02NSTARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/0814Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines comprising means for controlling automatic idle-start-stop
    • F02N11/0818Conditions for starting or stopping the engine or for deactivating the idle-start-stop mode
    • F02N11/0833Vehicle conditions
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02NSTARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/0814Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines comprising means for controlling automatic idle-start-stop
    • F02N11/0818Conditions for starting or stopping the engine or for deactivating the idle-start-stop mode
    • F02N11/0833Vehicle conditions
    • F02N11/0837Environmental conditions thereof, e.g. traffic, weather or road conditions
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/08Active safety systems predicting or avoiding probable or impending collision or attempting to minimise its consequences
    • B60W2030/082Vehicle operation after collision
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W50/00Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. process diagnostic or vehicle driver interfaces
    • B60W2050/0062Adapting control system settings
    • B60W2050/0075Automatic parameter input, automatic initialising or calibrating means
    • B60W2050/009Priority selection
    • B60W2050/0091Priority selection of control inputs
    • B60W2050/0093Priority selection of control inputs of the engine
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W50/0205Diagnosing or detecting failures; Failure detection models
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W2555/20Ambient conditions, e.g. wind or rain
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
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    • F02D2200/0611Fuel type, fuel composition or fuel quality
    • F02D2200/0612Fuel type, fuel composition or fuel quality determined by estimation
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F02D41/1493Details
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    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F02N2200/00Parameters used for control of starting apparatus
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F02N2200/024Engine oil temperature
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F02N2200/026Catalyst temperature
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F02N2200/14Parameters used for control of starting apparatus said parameter being related to wear of starter or other components, e.g. based on total number of starts or age
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62Hybrid vehicles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of vehicles, in particular to a hybrid vehicle engine start-stop control method and device, and the hybrid vehicle.
  • the dual-motor hybrid system is a high-efficiency hybrid system, and its general structure is shown in Figure 1.
  • Two-motor hybrid systems generally have the following three modes: pure electric mode, series mode and parallel mode. In series mode, the clutch C0 is not engaged, the engine charges the battery through the motor P1, and the battery supplies power to the motor P2 so that P2 drives the wheels. In parallel mode, clutch C0 is engaged and the engine drives the wheels directly.
  • the hybrid system will face various situations, such as the driver's requested torque exceeds a certain threshold, the driver's requested power exceeds a certain threshold, the battery SOC drops below a certain threshold, the engine's water temperature is too high or too low, winter When the ambient temperature is low, when the battery motor fails, etc. Under these different conditions, how to reasonably perform engine start-stop control to meet the driver's request, take into account fuel consumption, protect the battery, and improve the comfort of the occupants in winter is an urgent need in this field.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a method for controlling engine start and stop of a hybrid vehicle. By classifying and defining events related to engine start and stop, and classifying these events, the engine start and stop can be reasonably performed according to the events and their levels. stop control.
  • a further object of the present invention is to ensure that the engine start-stop control can meet the driver's request, and can also take into account fuel consumption, protect the battery, and improve the comfort of the passengers in winter.
  • a method for controlling engine start and stop of a hybrid vehicle including:
  • Engine start and stop control according to engine start and stop related events and their levels
  • the engine start-stop events include at least one of the following: energy management-related start-stop events, driving behavior-related start-stop events, engine state-related start-stop events, external controller request start-stop events, and other condition-related start-stop events.
  • the levels of events related to engine start and stop include a first level and a second level, and the second level is higher than the first level;
  • the steps of performing engine start-stop control according to the engine start-stop related event and its level include:
  • the steps of performing engine start-stop control according to the engine start-stop related event and its level include:
  • the engine start-stop control is performed according to the highest level of the multiple engine start-stop related events.
  • the level of the start-stop event related to energy management is the second level, and the start-stop event related to energy management includes at least one of the following: start-stop related to driver demand power, start-stop related to battery power balance, start-stop related to battery SOC protection The stop and stop are related to the available discharge power of the battery.
  • the target parameters include the current operating state of the engine, the temperature of the engine coolant, the current vehicle speed, the actual SOC value of the battery, the target SOC value of the battery, and the driver's demanded power;
  • the start and stop related to the driver's demanded power includes the driver's demanded power Start-related and driver-demand-power-related shutdowns;
  • the steps of determining whether an engine start-stop related event occurs based on the target parameters include:
  • the steps of performing engine start-stop control according to engine start-stop related events and their levels include:
  • engine shutdown is requested and controlled.
  • the target parameters include the current operating state of the engine, the current vehicle speed and the actual SOC value of the battery;
  • the steps of determining whether an engine start-stop related event occurs based on the target parameters include:
  • the startup SOC limit and the shutdown SOC limit are determined according to the current vehicle speed
  • the steps of performing engine start-stop control according to engine start-stop related events and their levels include:
  • the step of determining whether an event related to engine start and stop occurs according to the target parameter further includes:
  • the step of controlling the start and stop of the engine according to the engine start and stop related events and their levels also includes:
  • the battery When it is judged that the actual SOC value of the battery is less than the preset charging priority entry limit, after requesting and controlling the engine to start, the battery is first charged in the charging priority mode until the actual SOC value of the battery reaches the preset charging priority exit limit value;
  • the target parameters include the actual SOC value of the battery
  • the steps of determining whether an engine start-stop related event occurs based on the target parameters include:
  • the battery SOC protection limit is the sum of the minimum SOC value allowed by the battery and the predetermined margin
  • the steps of performing engine start-stop control according to engine start-stop related events and their levels include:
  • the target parameters include the battery temperature and/or the actual SOC value of the battery, and the required power for vehicle operation;
  • the steps of determining whether an engine start-stop related event occurs based on the target parameters include:
  • the steps of performing engine start-stop control according to engine start-stop related events and their levels include:
  • the level of the start-stop event related to driving behavior is the second level, and the start-stop event related to driving behavior includes at least one of the following: power mode or manual mode activation, in situ P/N gear large accelerator start, kickdown trigger, Accelerate with a large throttle in D/R gear, and the vehicle speed is too high in pure electric mode.
  • the target parameters include the current operating mode of the vehicle
  • the steps of determining whether an engine start-stop related event occurs based on the target parameters include:
  • the current running mode of the vehicle is the power mode or the manual mode, it is determined that the power mode or the manual mode is activated;
  • the steps of performing engine start-stop control according to engine start-stop related events and their levels include:
  • the target parameters include the vehicle's current gear position and accelerator opening
  • the steps of determining whether an engine start-stop related event occurs based on the target parameters include:
  • the steps of performing engine start-stop control according to engine start-stop related events and their levels include:
  • the target parameters include throttle state
  • the steps of determining whether an engine start-stop related event occurs based on the target parameters include:
  • the steps of performing engine start-stop control according to engine start-stop related events and their levels include:
  • the target parameters include the current gear position of the vehicle, the current operating mode of the vehicle, the driver's requested torque, the maximum available torque of the motor, the current operating state of the engine, and the current vehicle speed;
  • D/R gear acceleration includes D/R gear Accelerated startup with large throttle and accelerated shutdown with large throttle in D/R gear;
  • the steps of determining whether an engine start-stop related event occurs based on the target parameters include:
  • the starting torque correction limit is obtained by looking up the table according to the current vehicle speed and the current operating mode of the vehicle;
  • the stop torque correction limit is obtained according to the current vehicle speed look-up table
  • the steps of performing engine start-stop control according to engine start-stop related events and their levels include:
  • the target parameters include the current operating mode and current vehicle speed of the vehicle
  • the steps of determining whether an engine start-stop related event occurs based on the target parameters include:
  • the steps of performing engine start-stop control according to engine start-stop related events and their levels include:
  • the start-stop event related to the engine state includes at least one of the following:
  • the oxygen storage capacity of the catalytic converter is insufficient, and its level is the second level;
  • the temperature of the catalytic converter is too high, and its grade is the first grade
  • the temperature of the engine coolant is too high, and its level is the first level
  • the temperature of the engine coolant is too low, and its level is the second level;
  • the temperature before the vortex of the turbocharger is too high, and its grade is the first grade
  • the carbon tank load is too large, and its level is the first level
  • the cumulative downtime of the engine exceeds the limit, and its level is the second level
  • Catalyst heating its grade is the first grade
  • Oxygen sensor closed-loop diagnosis its level is the first level
  • Fuel aging, its grade is second grade.
  • the engine coolant temperature is less than the fourth temperature threshold, it is determined that the engine coolant temperature is too low, and the engine is kept running after starting the engine until the engine coolant temperature reaches the target temperature threshold;
  • the accumulated engine shutdown time in one driving cycle is greater than the preset shutdown time threshold, it is determined that the accumulated engine shutdown time exceeds the limit, and the carbon canister is flushed after starting the engine;
  • oil viscosity is less than a preset viscosity value, it is determined that oil dilution occurs
  • the oxygen sensor When the oxygen sensor has a closed-loop diagnosis requirement, determine that the oxygen sensor closed-loop diagnosis occurs, and keep the engine running when the engine is already running until the closed-loop diagnosis is completed;
  • the fuel age threshold is obtained from a table based on the current temperature of the engine coolant.
  • the level of the start-stop event requested by the external controller is the second level, and the start-stop event requested by the external controller includes at least one of the following: the air conditioner controller requests to start and the driver leaves to request to start;
  • the target signal includes the start request signal of the air conditioner controller
  • the steps of determining whether an engine start-stop related event occurs based on the target parameters include:
  • the target parameters include the current running state of the vehicle, the current speed and the driver's state;
  • the steps of determining whether an engine start-stop related event occurs based on the target parameters include:
  • the current running state of the vehicle is the driving cycle active state
  • the current vehicle speed is 0, and the driver's state is leaving, it is determined that the driver's departure request to start the engine occurs.
  • condition-related start-stop events include at least one of the following:
  • the factory mode requests start and stop, and its level is the second level
  • the related start and stop after vehicle collision is the second level
  • the start and stop related to the minimum running time its level is the first level
  • the engine when the engine is running and the duty cycle of the fan control is higher than the calibrated threshold, it is determined that a start and stop related to the fan control occurs, and the engine is kept running until the duty cycle of the fan control is lower than the calibrated threshold when the engine is already running ;
  • the torque output path of the motor does not respond to the request, or the mode of the motor is a failure mode, it is determined that a motor fault occurs and the request to start is requested.
  • an engine start-stop control device for a hybrid vehicle including a memory and a processor, and a control program is stored in the memory, and when the control program is executed by the processor, it is used to realize the foregoing tasks.
  • One engine start-stop control method One engine start-stop control method.
  • a hybrid electric vehicle including a hybrid electric system and the aforementioned engine start-stop control device for a hybrid electric vehicle.
  • the hybrid vehicle and its engine start-stop control method and device by determining the occurrence of engine start-stop related events, specifically energy management-related start-stop events, driving behavior-related start-stop events, and engine state-related start-stop events 1.
  • the external controller requests at least one of the start-stop event and other condition-related start-stop events, and determines the level of the engine start-stop-related event that occurs, and then performs the engine start-stop control according to the engine start-stop related event and its level , the start-stop control of the engine can be reasonably performed according to various situations that may occur in the vehicle, so as to improve the operating efficiency and user experience of the vehicle.
  • Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a dual-motor hybrid system
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flowchart of a method for controlling engine start and stop of a hybrid vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic flowchart of a method for controlling engine start and stop of a hybrid vehicle according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flowchart of a method for controlling engine start and stop of a hybrid vehicle according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a graph showing the battery power balance in Example 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic flowchart of a method for controlling engine start and stop of a hybrid vehicle according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic flowchart of a method for controlling engine start and stop of a hybrid vehicle according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic flowchart of a method for controlling engine start and stop of a hybrid vehicle according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic flowchart of a method for controlling engine start and stop of a hybrid vehicle according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic flowchart of a method for controlling engine start and stop of a hybrid vehicle according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic flowchart of a method for controlling engine start and stop of a hybrid vehicle according to Embodiment 8 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic flowchart of a method for controlling engine start and stop of a hybrid vehicle according to Embodiment 9 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic flow chart of a method for controlling engine start and stop of a hybrid vehicle according to Embodiment 11 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic flow chart of a method for controlling engine start and stop of a hybrid vehicle according to Embodiment 12 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of an engine start-stop control device for a hybrid vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present invention proposes an engine start-stop control method for a hybrid power vehicle.
  • the engine start-stop control method of the present invention is applicable to hybrid power systems of various configurations, and is especially suitable for dual-motor hybrid power systems (as shown in FIG. 1 ).
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flowchart of a method for controlling engine start and stop of a hybrid vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the engine start-stop control method may at least include the following steps S202 to S208.
  • Step S202 acquiring target parameters or target signals related to engine start and stop of the hybrid vehicle.
  • Step S204 determining whether an event related to engine start and stop occurs according to the target parameter or target signal. If yes, execute step S206; if not, end this process.
  • Step S206 determining the level of events related to engine start and stop.
  • step S208 engine start-stop control is performed according to engine start-stop related events and their levels.
  • the events related to engine start and stop may include at least one of the following: start and stop events related to energy management, start and stop events related to driving behavior, start and stop events related to engine status, start and stop events requested by external controllers, and other condition related events. stop event.
  • the engine start-stop control method of a hybrid vehicle provided in the embodiment of the present invention, by determining the occurrence of engine start-stop related events, specifically energy management-related start-stop events, driving behavior-related start-stop events, engine state-related start-stop events, The external controller requests at least one of the start-stop event and other condition-related start-stop events, and determines the level of the engine start-stop related event, and then performs engine start-stop control according to the engine start-stop related event and its level,
  • the start-stop control of the engine can be reasonably performed according to various situations that may occur in the vehicle, thereby improving the operating efficiency and user experience of the vehicle.
  • the level of the occurring engine start-stop related event can be determined by looking up the preset mapping relationship table between the engine start-stop related event and the level.
  • the levels of engine start-stop related events may include a first level and a second level, and the second level is defined to be higher than the first level.
  • the level of the engine start-stop related event is the first level, the engine can only be kept running when the engine is running when the engine start-stop control is performed.
  • the level of the engine start-stop related event is the second level, when the engine start-stop control is performed, the engine start can be requested and controlled when the engine is already stopped.
  • multiple engine start-stop related events may occur, in which case, engine start-stop control may be performed according to the highest level of the multiple engine start-stop related events. For example, if the levels of the plurality of engine start-stop-related events determined to occur include both the first level and the second level, the engine start-stop control is performed according to the second level. If the determined levels of the plurality of engine start-stop related events occurred are all the first level, the engine start-stop control is performed according to the first level.
  • the engine start-stop related events may include at least one of energy management-related start-stop events, driving behavior-related start-stop events, engine state-related start-stop events, external controller request start-stop events, and other condition-related start-stop events.
  • Each engine start-stop related event has its own judgment conditions and levels, and has its corresponding start-stop control measures. The above-mentioned events related to engine start and stop will be introduced respectively below.
  • the start-stop events related to energy management mainly consider the start-up events when the driver's demand power exceeds the limit in the fuel consumption and emission cycle, and the start-up events required to protect the battery when the battery SOC is low and the discharge power is low.
  • the start and stop events related to energy management may include at least one of the following: start and stop related to driver demand power, start and stop related to battery power balance, start and stop related to battery SOC protection, and start and stop related to available battery discharge power. Considering that the start-stop events related to energy management are related to satisfying the driving demand condition of the vehicle, the levels of all start-stop events related to energy management are the second level.
  • Embodiment 1 is an engine start-stop control method based on driver demand power related start-stop. Specifically, starting and stopping related to driver demand power may include starting and stopping related to driver demand power.
  • the engine start-stop control method in Embodiment 1 includes the following steps S302 to S322.
  • Step S302 acquiring target parameters related to engine start and stop of the hybrid vehicle.
  • the target parameters specifically include the current running state of the engine, the temperature of the engine coolant, the current vehicle speed, the actual SOC value of the battery, the target SOC value of the battery, and the driver's demanded power.
  • Step S304 judging whether the current state of the engine is running or stopped according to the current running state of the engine.
  • step S306 is executed.
  • step S312 is executed.
  • Step S306 determining the starting power limit of the engine according to the temperature of the engine coolant, the current vehicle speed, the actual SOC value of the battery, and the target SOC value of the battery.
  • Step S308 judging whether the driver's required power is greater than the starting power limit. If yes, execute step S310, if not, end this process.
  • step S310 it is determined that a startup related to driver demand power occurs. Then execute step S318.
  • Step S312 determining the limit value of the engine shutdown power according to the current vehicle speed, the actual SOC value of the battery and the target SOC value of the battery.
  • Step S3144 judging whether the driver's required power is less than the stop power limit. If yes, execute step S316; if not, end this process.
  • step S316 it is determined that a shutdown related to driver demand power occurs. Then execute step S318.
  • the events related to starting and stopping of the engine are specifically the starting related to the power required by the driver or the shutdown related to the power required by the driver, and its level is the second level.
  • Step S320 requesting and controlling the engine to start when it is determined that a driver-required power-related start occurs.
  • Step S322 requesting and controlling engine shutdown when it is determined that a shutdown related to driver demand power occurs.
  • power-related start and stop are the most commonly used start and stop methods in fuel consumption cycle conditions and actual driving, and the specific setting limits (such as starting power limit and The specific targets of vehicle drivability, emissions, fuel consumption and energy balance are calibrated.
  • the starting power limit can be determined by looking up a table. Specifically, when the engine coolant temperature is lower than or equal to a set temperature value (for example, 40° C.), the starting power limit of the engine is determined by looking up the first starting power limit relationship table from the vehicle speed and battery SOC. Table 1 below is an exemplary relationship table of the limit value of the first starting power in the cold machine state.
  • Table 1 The relationship table of the first starting power limit
  • x represents the vehicle speed (in km/h)
  • y represents the difference between the target SOC value and the actual SOC value of the battery (in %)
  • the unit of the starting power limit is kW.
  • the setting principle of each power limit in the first start-up power limit relationship table is: high SOC is not easy to start, low SOC is easy to start; low speed is not easy to start, high speed is easy to start.
  • the starting power limit of the engine is determined by looking up the second starting power limit relationship table from the vehicle speed and battery SOC.
  • Table 2 below is an exemplary relationship table of the second starting power limit value.
  • the meanings and units of x and y and the values in Table 2 are the same as those in Table 1.
  • the NEDC and WLTC cycle curve characteristics need to be considered when setting the values in the second starting power limit relationship table, and the setting principles are: high SOC is not easy to start, low SOC is easy to start; low speed is not easy to start, high speed Easy to start.
  • the second starting power limit relationship table is different from the first starting power limit relationship table. Compared with the warm-up limit, the engine does not burn well at low speeds when the engine is cold, so the power limit is larger, and more pure electric driving is used.
  • step S312 above the stop power limit of the engine can be determined from the vehicle speed and battery SOC by searching the stop power limit relation table.
  • Table 3 below is an exemplary shutdown power limit relationship table.
  • Embodiment 2 is an engine start-stop control method based on battery power balance-related start-stop.
  • the engine start-stop control method of Embodiment 2 includes the following steps S402 to S414.
  • Step S402 acquiring target parameters related to engine start and stop of the hybrid vehicle.
  • the target parameters specifically include the current running state of the engine, the current vehicle speed and the actual SOC value of the battery.
  • Step S404 when the current running state of the engine is shutdown, determine the startup SOC limit value and the shutdown SOC limit value according to the current vehicle speed.
  • Step S406 judging whether the actual SOC value of the battery is less than the start-up SOC limit value. If yes, execute step S408; if no, end this process.
  • step S408 it is determined that start and stop related to battery power balance occurs.
  • Step S410 determining the level of events related to engine start and stop.
  • the event related to engine start and stop is specifically the start and stop related to battery power balance, and its level is the second level.
  • Step S412 requesting and controlling the starting of the engine to charge the battery.
  • Step S414 when the actual SOC value of the battery reaches the shutdown SOC limit, request and control the engine shutdown.
  • the target charging power is adjusted according to the high or low load and vehicle speed.
  • the target power capacity can be 61% at low load, and 65% at high load.
  • the target SOC needs to be set at a higher value at high speed to achieve better engine efficiency. Charge as much as possible at higher speeds to ensure that there is enough power to maintain pure electric driving at low speeds.
  • the start-up SOC limit and the stop SOC limit may be determined according to the preset battery power balance curve.
  • FIG. 5 shows an exemplary battery power balance graph, wherein the horizontal axis represents the vehicle speed, and the vertical axis represents the SOC value.
  • Batt_max and Batt_min represent the SOC upper limit and lower limit allowed by the battery controller respectively
  • SOC_tar_highauxmode represents the target SOC value under high load
  • SOC_tar represents the target SOC value under low load
  • Eng_off and Eng_on represent the above Stop SOC limit value and start SOC limit value
  • Prio_charge_exit and Prio_charge_enter represent the charging priority exit limit and charge priority entry limit respectively.
  • step S408 it may also be determined whether the actual SOC value of the battery is less than the preset charging priority entry limit.
  • the battery can be charged in the charging priority mode until the actual SOC value of the battery reaches the predetermined value.
  • the set charging priority exits the limit value, and then charges the battery in the normal charging mode until the actual SOC value of the battery reaches the shutdown SOC limit value.
  • Embodiment 3 is an engine start-stop control method based on battery SOC protection-related start-stop.
  • the engine start-stop control method of Embodiment 3 includes the following steps S602 to S610.
  • Step S602 acquiring target parameters related to engine start and stop of the hybrid vehicle.
  • the target parameters specifically include the actual SOC value of the battery.
  • Step S604 judging whether the actual SOC value of the battery is less than a preset battery SOC protection limit value, the battery SOC protection limit value being the sum of the minimum SOC value allowed by the battery and a predetermined remaining capacity. If yes, execute step S606; if not, end this process.
  • step S606 it is determined that start and stop related to battery SOC protection occurs.
  • Step S608 determining the level of events related to engine start and stop.
  • the event related to engine start and stop is specifically start and stop related to battery SOC protection, and its level is the second level.
  • Step S610 requesting and controlling the starting of the engine to charge the battery until the actual SOC value of the battery is higher than the preset battery SOC protection limit.
  • an appropriate margin is reserved on the basis of the minimum SOC allowed by the battery as a limit value.
  • the limit value that is, the sum of the minimum SOC and the margin
  • Embodiment 4 is an engine start-stop control method based on battery available discharge power related start-stop.
  • the engine start-stop control method of Embodiment 4 includes the following steps S702 to S712.
  • Step S702 acquiring target parameters related to engine start and stop of the hybrid vehicle.
  • the target parameters specifically include the battery temperature and/or the actual SOC value of the battery, and the required power for vehicle operation.
  • Step S704 determining the available discharge power of the battery according to the battery temperature and/or the actual SOC value of the battery.
  • Step S706 judging whether the available discharge power of the battery is less than the required power for vehicle operation. If yes, execute step S708, if not, end this process.
  • step S708 it is determined that starting and stopping related to the available discharge power of the battery occurs.
  • Step S710 determining the level of events related to engine start and stop.
  • the event related to engine start and stop is specifically the start and stop related to the available discharge power of the battery, and its level is the second level.
  • Step S712 requesting and controlling the starting of the engine to drive the vehicle to run.
  • the available discharge power of the battery is determined according to the battery temperature and/or the actual SOC value of the battery.
  • the available discharge power of the battery is not enough to drive the vehicle to run normally, the engine is started to drive the vehicle to meet the vehicle operation requirements.
  • Existing methods may be used to determine the available discharge power of the battery according to the battery temperature and/or the actual SOC value of the battery.
  • Driving behavior-related start-stop events are mainly related to the driver's operation behavior.
  • the control system will think that the driver needs sufficient power, and at this time will request the engine to start to realize the driver's intention.
  • the start-stop event related to driving behavior may include at least one of the following: power mode or manual mode activation, in-place P/N gear large accelerator start, kickdown trigger, D/R gear large accelerator acceleration, vehicle speed exceeding in pure electric mode high.
  • the level of each start-stop event related to driving behavior is the second level.
  • Embodiment 5 is an engine start-stop control method based on power mode or manual mode activation.
  • the engine start-stop control method of Embodiment 5 includes the following steps S802 to S808.
  • Step S802 acquiring target parameters related to engine start and stop of the hybrid vehicle.
  • the target parameters specifically include the current operating mode of the vehicle.
  • Step S804 when the current running mode of the vehicle is the power mode or the manual mode, it is determined that the power mode or the manual mode is activated.
  • Step S806 determining the level of events related to engine start and stop.
  • the event related to engine start and stop is specifically the activation of the power mode or the manual mode, and its level is the second level.
  • Step S808 requesting and controlling the engine to start.
  • the engine when the driver selects the Power driving mode or puts the shift lever in the manual mode, the engine is requested to be started, so that the driver's needs can be responded to in a timely manner, and the user's driving experience can be improved.
  • Embodiment 6 is an engine start-stop control method based on in situ P/N gear high-throttle start.
  • the engine start-stop control method of Embodiment 6 includes the following steps S902 to S916.
  • Step S902 acquiring target parameters related to engine start and stop of the hybrid vehicle.
  • the target parameters specifically include the current gear position and accelerator opening of the vehicle.
  • Step S904 when the current gear of the vehicle is the P/N gear, it is judged whether the accelerator opening is greater than the first accelerator opening. If yes, execute step S906; if not, end this process.
  • the first throttle opening can be set according to experience values, for example, it can be set to 60%.
  • step S906 it is determined that the in-situ P/N gear starts with a large throttle.
  • Step S908 determining the level of events related to engine start and stop.
  • the event related to engine start and stop is specifically the in situ P/N gear start with a large throttle, and its level is the second level.
  • Step S910 requesting and controlling engine start.
  • Step S912 monitoring the accelerator opening of the vehicle.
  • Step S914 judging whether the accelerator opening is less than or equal to the second accelerator opening. If yes, execute step S916, otherwise, return to step S912.
  • the second throttle opening is smaller than the first throttle opening.
  • Step S916 controlling the engine to stop after a first preset time delay.
  • the first preset duration can be set according to actual application requirements, for example, it is set to 2s.
  • the engine is started under the condition of starting with a large throttle at the original P/N gear to satisfy the driving experience of the driver, and when the throttle opening drops to the second throttle opening after starting the engine, the first preset period of time is delayed. Control the engine shutdown to prevent the engine from shutting down immediately when the driver releases the accelerator, resulting in a poor driving experience.
  • Embodiment 7 is an engine start-stop control method based on kickdown trigger.
  • the engine start-stop control method in Embodiment 7 includes the following steps S1002 to S1008.
  • Step S1002 acquiring target parameters related to engine start and stop of the hybrid vehicle.
  • the target parameter specifically includes the accelerator state.
  • Step S1004 when the accelerator state is the kickdown trigger state, it is determined that the kickdown trigger occurs.
  • Step S1006 determining the level of events related to engine start and stop.
  • the event related to engine start and stop is specifically a kickdown trigger, and its level is the second level.
  • Step S1008 requesting and controlling the engine to start.
  • Kickdown is the action of pressing the accelerator pedal to the bottom quickly.
  • the driver needs power, and at this time the engine is started to meet the driver's demand.
  • Embodiment 8 is an engine start-stop control method based on D/R gear large throttle acceleration.
  • the D/R gear high-throttle acceleration may include D/R gear high-throttle acceleration startup and D/R gear high-throttle acceleration shutdown.
  • the engine start-stop control method of Embodiment 8 includes the following steps S1102 to S1122.
  • Step S1102 acquiring target parameters related to engine start and stop of the hybrid vehicle.
  • the target parameters specifically include the current gear position of the vehicle, the current operating mode of the vehicle, the driver's requested torque, the maximum available torque of the motor, the current operating state of the engine, and the current vehicle speed.
  • Step S1104 when the current gear of the vehicle is the D/R gear, judge whether the current state of the engine is running or stopped according to the current running state of the engine. When the current state of the engine is shutdown, step S1106 is executed. When the current state of the engine is running, step S1112 is executed.
  • Step S1106 look up a table according to the current vehicle speed and the current operating mode of the vehicle to obtain the starting torque correction limit value.
  • Step S1108 judging whether the torque requested by the driver is greater than the sum of the maximum available torque of the electric motor and the correction limit value of the starting torque. If yes, execute step S1110; if no, end this process.
  • step S1110 it is determined that the D/R gear large accelerator acceleration occurs. Then execute step S1118.
  • Step S1112 obtain the stop torque correction limit value according to the current vehicle speed look-up table.
  • Step S1114 judging whether the torque requested by the driver is less than the difference between the maximum available torque of the motor and the correction limit of the stop torque. If yes, execute step S1116, if not, end this process.
  • step S1116 it is determined that the D/R gear large throttle acceleration shutdown occurs. Then execute step S1118.
  • the engine start-stop related event is specifically D/R gear high throttle acceleration start or D/R gear high throttle acceleration shutdown, and its level is the second level.
  • Step S1120 requesting and controlling the engine start when it is determined that the D/R gear large-acceleration start occurs.
  • Step S1122 requesting and controlling the engine shutdown when it is determined that the D/R gear large throttle acceleration shutdown occurs.
  • the engine when the driver steps on the accelerator in the D/R gear and the motor torque cannot meet the driver's torque request, the engine will be started to ensure power performance.
  • this function should be calibrated according to the pedal map.
  • the calibration limit needs to be corrected.
  • This function has nothing to do with the battery SOC, it is simply performed according to the driver's intention, which is fundamentally different from the power start in energy management.
  • different vehicle operating modes i.e., driving modes
  • fuel consumption, emissions and other influencing factors need to be considered to avoid mutual interference, so that the engine start-stop control is more accurate and effective .
  • the starting torque correction limit can be obtained by looking up the starting torque correction limit relationship table according to the current vehicle speed and the current running mode of the vehicle. Specifically, when the current operating mode of the vehicle is the normal mode (other than the economic mode), the first starting torque correction limit relationship table is searched. Table 4 below is an exemplary relationship table of the first starting torque correction limit value in the normal mode.
  • the second starting torque correction limit relationship table is searched.
  • Table 5 below is an exemplary relationship table of the second starting torque correction limit value in the economic mode.
  • the stop torque correction limit can be obtained by looking up the stop torque correction limit relationship table according to the current vehicle speed.
  • Table 6 below is an exemplary stop torque correction limit relationship table.
  • the unit of the vehicle speed in Table 4 to Table 6 above is km/h, and the unit of the starting torque correction limit value and the stop torque correction limit value is N ⁇ m.
  • Embodiment 9 is an engine start-stop control method based on excessive vehicle speed in pure electric mode.
  • the engine start-stop control method in Embodiment 9 includes the following steps S1202 to S1210.
  • Step S1202 acquiring target parameters related to engine start and stop of the hybrid vehicle.
  • the target parameters specifically include the current operating mode and current vehicle speed of the vehicle.
  • Step S1204 when the current running mode of the vehicle is pure electric mode, it is judged whether the current vehicle speed is higher than the preset starting speed. If yes, execute step S1206; if not, end this process.
  • Step S1206 determining that the vehicle speed is too high in pure electric mode.
  • Step S1208 determining the level of events related to engine start and stop.
  • the event related to engine start and stop is specifically the vehicle speed is too high in pure electric mode, and its level is the second level.
  • Step S1210 requesting and controlling the engine to start.
  • the capacity of the motor is not enough to maintain normal acceleration or driving. Therefore, in this embodiment, when the vehicle speed in the pure electric mode is higher than the preset starting speed, the engine is requested to start running to provide Power to ensure the normal acceleration and driving of the vehicle.
  • the starting speed When setting the starting speed, it should be distinguished whether the vehicle is a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle, PHEV) or a hybrid electric vehicle (Hybrid Electric Vehicle, HEV) model.
  • Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle PHEV
  • HEV Hybrid Electric Vehicle
  • the starting speed should be higher than the maximum speed in the NEDC cycle, but not too much, otherwise it will affect the drivability.
  • the starting vehicle speed may be the sum of the highest vehicle speed in the NEDC cycle and an incremental value, and the incremental value may be an empirical value, for example, may be equal to 10 km/h.
  • the setting of the starting limit is calibrated according to the project input.
  • Engine status related start-stop events are mainly engine hardware-related starts.
  • the engine start-stop control method based on engine state-related start-stop events is introduced below through Embodiment 10.
  • Embodiment 10 is an engine start-stop control method based on engine state-related start-stop events.
  • the start-stop event related to the engine state may include at least one of the following at least 13 events, and the judgment conditions and levels of each event, and the corresponding start-stop control measures will be introduced one by one below.
  • the level of insufficient oxygen storage capacity of the catalytic converter can be set as the second level. Accordingly, after it is determined that the oxygen storage capacity of the catalytic converter is insufficient, engine start is requested and controlled.
  • the level that the catalyst temperature is too high can be set as the first level. Accordingly, the engine is kept running if the engine is already running after it is determined that a catalyst overtemperature has occurred.
  • the second temperature threshold can be set according to actual application requirements, for example, it can be set to 50°C.
  • the engine coolant temperature (usually water temperature) is greater than the third temperature threshold, it is determined that the engine coolant temperature is too high. At this time, if the engine is running, in order to maintain the engine coolant temperature in a suitable temperature range, the engine needs to be kept running. Therefore, the level of engine coolant temperature is too high can be set as the first level. Accordingly, the engine is kept running if the engine is already running after it is determined that an overheated engine coolant temperature has occurred.
  • the third temperature threshold can be set according to actual application requirements, for example, it can be set to 107°C.
  • the level that the engine coolant temperature is too low may be set to the second level.
  • the engine is requested and controlled to start, and the engine is kept running after the engine is started until the temperature of the engine coolant reaches a target temperature threshold.
  • the fourth temperature threshold and the target temperature threshold can be set according to actual application requirements, for example, the fourth temperature threshold can be set to -4°C, and the target temperature threshold can be set to 10°C.
  • the pre-swirl temperature of the supercharger is greater than the fifth temperature threshold, it is determined that the pre-swirl temperature of the supercharger is too high.
  • the level of the supercharger pre-vortex temperature being too high can be set as the first level. Accordingly, after it is determined that the supercharger pre-swirl temperature is too high, the engine is kept running while the engine is already running.
  • the level of excessive engine oil temperature can be set as the first level. Accordingly, after it is determined that an overheating of the engine oil occurs, the engine is kept running if the engine is already running.
  • the canister overload level can be set as the first level. Accordingly, the engine is kept running if the engine is already running after it is determined that a canister overload has occurred.
  • the level of exceeding the limit of accumulated engine shutdown time may be set as the second level.
  • the engine is requested and controlled to start, and the carbon canister is flushed after the engine is started.
  • the level of oil dilution can be set to the first level. Accordingly, after determining that oil dilution has occurred, the engine is kept running if the engine is already running.
  • the level of catalytic converter heating can be set to the first level. Accordingly, after catalyst heating is determined to occur, engine operation is maintained if the engine is already running until catalyst heating is complete.
  • the oxygen sensor When the oxygen sensor has a closed-loop diagnosis requirement, it is determined that the oxygen sensor closed-loop diagnosis occurs. At this time, in order to ensure the successful completion of the closed-loop diagnosis, it is necessary to keep the engine running. Therefore, the level of the closed-loop diagnosis of the oxygen sensor can be set as the first level. Correspondingly, after it is determined that the closed-loop diagnosis of the oxygen sensor occurs, the engine is kept running until the closed-loop diagnosis is completed when the engine is already running.
  • Fuel days are the number of days fuel has been in the tank since it was refueled without being used.
  • the fuel day threshold is obtained by looking up the relationship table between the fuel day threshold and the coolant temperature according to the current temperature of the engine coolant. Table 7 below is an exemplary fuel day threshold versus coolant temperature.
  • the external controller requests start and stop events
  • the start-stop event requested by the external controller mainly considers the start-up request of the controller (such as the air conditioner controller) outside the power system.
  • the start-stop event requested by the external controller may include at least one of the following: an air conditioner controller requests to start and a driver leaves to request to start.
  • the levels of the start-stop events requested by each external controller are the second level.
  • Embodiment 11 is an engine start-stop control method based on an air-conditioning controller request to start.
  • the engine start-stop control method in Embodiment 11 includes the following steps S1302 to S1308.
  • Step S1302 acquiring a target signal related to engine start and stop of the hybrid vehicle.
  • the target signal specifically includes a start-up request signal of the air conditioner controller.
  • Step S1304 when the start-up request signal of the air-conditioning controller is received, it is determined that the start-up request of the air-conditioning controller occurs.
  • Step S1306 determining the level of events related to engine start and stop.
  • the event related to starting and stopping the engine is specifically a request from the air conditioner controller to start, and its level is the second level.
  • Step S1308 requesting and controlling the engine to start.
  • the engine is started when the start request signal from the air conditioner controller is received.
  • the temperature inside the car is relatively low in winter, by starting the engine in response to the start-up request of the air-conditioning controller, the heating demand in the car can be met in a low-temperature environment, and the user experience can be improved.
  • Embodiment 12 is an engine start-stop control method based on a driver leaving request to start the engine.
  • the engine start-stop control method in Embodiment 12 includes the following steps S1402 to S1408.
  • Step S1402 acquiring target parameters related to engine start and stop of the hybrid vehicle.
  • the target parameters specifically include the current running state of the vehicle, the current vehicle speed and the driver's state.
  • Step S1404 when the current running state of the vehicle is the driving cycle active state, the current vehicle speed is 0, and the driver's state is leaving, it is determined that the driver's leaving request to start the machine occurs.
  • Step S1406 determining the level of events related to engine start and stop.
  • the event related to engine start and stop is specifically the driver's departure request to start the engine, and its level is the second level.
  • Step S1408 requesting and controlling the engine to start.
  • the vehicle electronic controller when the driving cycle is activated, the vehicle speed is 0 and the driver leaves, the vehicle electronic controller will request the engine to be started to remind the driver that the vehicle is not powered off.
  • Embodiment 13 The engine start-stop control method based on other condition-related start-stop events is introduced below through Embodiment 13.
  • Embodiment 13 is an engine start-stop control method based on other condition-related start-stop events.
  • condition-related start-stop events may include at least one of the following at least 9 events, and the judgment conditions and levels of each event, and corresponding start-stop control measures will be introduced one by one below.
  • a fan control related start-stop is determined to have occurred when the engine is running and the duty cycle of the fan control is above a calibrated threshold. At this time, it is necessary to keep the engine running to reduce the duty cycle of the fan control. Therefore, the start-stop level related to fan control can be set as the first level. Correspondingly, after it is determined that start-stop related to fan control occurs, the engine is kept running until the duty cycle of the fan control is lower than the calibration threshold when the engine is already running.
  • the calibration threshold can be set according to actual application requirements, for example, it can be set to 60%.
  • the factory mode of the vehicle When the factory mode of the vehicle is triggered, it is determined that a factory mode request to start and stop occurs. Usually, when the vehicle is at the lower limit of the factory, it is necessary to trigger the factory mode to check the status of the engine, and at this time, it is necessary to request the engine to start. Therefore, the level of the factory mode request to start and stop can be set to the second level. Accordingly, after it is determined that the factory mode request to start and stop occurs, engine start is requested and controlled.
  • the level related to start and stop after the collision of the vehicle can be set to the second level. Accordingly, engine start is requested and controlled after it is determined that a relevant start and stop after a vehicle collision has occurred.
  • the level of remote start request start and stop can be set to the second level.
  • the engine is requested and controlled to start, thereby realizing a timely response to the user request and improving user experience.
  • the level of start and stop related to the minimum running time can be set as the first level. Accordingly, the engine is kept running for at least a second preset time period if the engine is already running after it is determined that the start-stop related to the minimum running time has occurred.
  • the second preset duration can be set according to actual application requirements, and cannot be set too large, otherwise the engine will still run when idling, which will affect fuel consumption. For example, the second preset duration may be set to 4s.
  • the ratio of the available torque of the motor to the maximum torque of the motor is less than a preset ratio, it is determined that low motor available torque occurs. In order to prevent power loss or slow power response, it is necessary to request engine start at this time. Therefore, the level of low motor available torque can be set to the second level. Accordingly, engine start is requested and controlled after determining that low electric machine available torque has occurred.
  • the preset ratio can be set according to actual application requirements, for example, it can be set to 0.5.
  • the level of starting after the engine fails to start can be set to the second level. Accordingly, after it is determined that the engine starts after the failure to start, the engine start is requested and controlled again.
  • the level of power-on requested by battery failure may be set to the second level.
  • the engine is requested and controlled to start.
  • the level of motor failure request to start can be set to the second level.
  • the engine is requested and controlled to start.
  • Embodiments of the engine start-stop control method under various engine start-stop related events have been introduced above.
  • an embodiment of the present invention also provides an engine start-stop control device 100 for a hybrid vehicle.
  • the engine start-stop control device 100 includes a memory 110 and a processor 120 .
  • a control program is stored in the memory 110, and when the control program is executed by the processor 120, it is used to implement the engine start-stop control method of the hybrid vehicle in any embodiment or combination of embodiments above.
  • the engine start-stop control device in this embodiment determines the occurrence of engine start-stop related events and the level of the engine start-stop related events, and then performs engine start-stop control according to the engine start-stop related events and their levels. According to various situations that may occur in the vehicle, the start-stop control of the engine is reasonably carried out, so as to improve the operating efficiency and user experience of the vehicle.
  • an embodiment of the present invention also provides a hybrid vehicle, including a hybrid system and the engine start-stop control device 100 for a hybrid vehicle described in the foregoing embodiments.
  • the hybrid power system may be, for example, a dual-motor hybrid power system as shown in FIG. 1 .

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Abstract

一种混合动力车辆的发动机起停控制方法和装置以及混合动力车辆,属于车辆技术领域。混合动力车辆的发动机起停控制方法包括:获取混合动力车辆的与发动机起停相关的目标参数或目标信号;根据目标参数或目标信号确定是否发生发动机起停相关事件;若是,确定发动机起停相关事件的等级;根据发动机起停相关事件及其等级进行发动机的起停控制;其中,发动机起停相关事件包括下列至少之一:能量管理相关起停事件、驾驶行为相关起停事件、发动机状态相关起停事件、外部控制器请求起停事件和其他条件相关起停事件。混合动力车辆的发动机起停控制方法可针对车辆可能发生的各种情况合理地进行发动机的起停控制,从而提高车辆的运行效率和用户体验。

Description

一种混合动力车辆及其发动机起停控制方法和装置 技术领域
本发明涉及车辆技术领域,特别是一种混合动力车辆的发动机起停控制方法、装置以及混合动力车辆。
背景技术
随着各国对车辆油耗和排放要求的日益严格以及电气化系统的发展,混合动力技术已成为实现车辆节能减排的关键。由于目前纯电动系统的电池技术复杂、成本较高,混合动力系统受到大力推广。双电机混合动力系统是一种高效率的混合动力系统,其一般结构如图1所示。双电机混合动力系统一般有以下三种模式:纯电模式、串联模式和并联模式。在串联模式下离合器C0不结合,发动机通过电机P1给电池充电,电池给电机P2供电以使P2驱动车轮。在并联模式下,离合器C0结合,发动机直接驱动车轮。
在实际应用中,混合动力系统会面临各种不同情况,如驾驶员请求扭矩超过一定阈值,驾驶员请求功率超过一定阈值、电池SOC降低到一定阈值以下、发动机的水温过高或过低、冬季环境温度低的情况、在电池电机故障的情况等。在这些不同情况下,如何合理地进行发动机起停控制来满足驾驶员请求,又能兼顾油耗,对电池进行保护,提高冬季乘员的舒适性,是本领域的迫切需求。
发明内容
鉴于上述问题,提出了一种克服上述问题或者至少部分地解决上述问题的混合动力车辆的发动机起停控制方法、装置以及混合动力车辆。
本发明的一个目的在于提供一种混合动力车辆的发动机起停控制方法,通过对发动机起停相关事件进行分类和定义,并对这些事件进行等级划分,能够根据事件及其等级合理地进行发动机起停控制。
本发明的一个进一步的目的是保证发动机起停控制既可满足驾驶员请求,又能兼顾油耗,对电池进行保护,并提高冬季乘员的舒适性。
特别地,根据本发明实施例的一方面,提供了一种混合动力车辆的发动机起停控制方法,包括:
获取混合动力车辆的与发动机起停相关的目标参数或目标信号;
根据目标参数或目标信号确定是否发生发动机起停相关事件;
若是,确定发动机起停相关事件的等级;
根据发动机起停相关事件及其等级进行发动机的起停控制;
其中,发动机起停相关事件包括下列至少之一:能量管理相关起停事件、驾驶行为相关起停事件、发动机状态相关起停事件、外部控制器请求起停事件和其他条件相关起停事件。
可选地,发动机起停相关事件的等级包括第一等级和第二等级,第二等级高于第一等级;
当发动机起停相关事件的等级为第一等级时,根据发动机起停相关事件及其等级进行发动机的起停控制的步骤包括:
在发动机已运行情况下保持发动机运行;
当发动机起停相关事件的等级为第二等级时,根据发动机起停相关事件及其等级进行发动机的起停控制的步骤包括:
在发动机已停机情况下请求并控制发动机启动。
可选地,当发生多个发动机起停相关事件时,根据多个发动机起停相关事件的最高等级进行发动机的起停控制。
可选地,能量管理相关起停事件的等级为第二等级,且能量管理相关起停事件包括下列至少之一:驾驶员需求功率相关起停、电池电量平衡相关起停、电池SOC保护相关起停和电池可用放电功率相关起停。
可选地,目标参数包括发动机的当前运行状态、发动机冷却液温度、当前车速、电池的实际SOC值、电池的目标SOC值和驾驶员需求功率;驾驶员需求功率相关起停包括驾驶员需求功率相关起机和驾驶员需求功率相关停机;
根据目标参数确定是否发生发动机起停相关事件的步骤包括:
根据发动机的当前运行状态判断发动机的当前状态为运行还是停机;
当发动机的当前状态为停机时,根据发动机冷却液温度、当前车速、电池的实际SOC值和电池的目标SOC值确定发动机的起机功率限值;
判断驾驶员需求功率是否大于起机功率限值,若是,则确定发生驾驶员需求功率相关起机;
当发动机的当前状态为运行时,根据当前车速、电池的实际SOC值和电池的目标SOC值确定发动机的停机功率限值;
判断驾驶员需求功率是否小于停机功率限值,若是,则确定发生驾驶员需求功率相关停机;
根据发动机起停相关事件及其等级进行发动机的起停控制的步骤包括:
当确定发生驾驶员需求功率相关起机时,请求并控制发动机启动;
当确定发生驾驶员需求功率相关停机时,请求并控制发动机停机。
可选地,目标参数包括发动机的当前运行状态、当前车速和电池的实际SOC值;
根据目标参数确定是否发生发动机起停相关事件的步骤包括:
当发动机的当前运行状态为停机时,根据当前车速确定起机SOC限值和停机SOC限值;
判断电池的实际SOC值是否小于起机SOC限值,若是,则确定发生电池电量平衡相关起停;
根据发动机起停相关事件及其等级进行发动机的起停控制的步骤包括:
请求并控制发动机启动以对电池进行充电;
当电池的实际SOC值达到停机SOC限值时,请求并控制发动机停机。
可选地,在确定发生电池电量平衡相关起停后,根据目标参数确定是否发生发动机起停相关事件的步骤还包括:
判断电池的实际SOC值是否小于预设的充电优先进入限值;
根据发动机起停相关事件及其等级进行发动机的起停控制的步骤还包括:
当判断出电池的实际SOC值小于预设的充电优先进入限值时,在请求并控制发动机启动后,先以充电优先模式对电池进行充电,直到电池的实际SOC值达到预设的充电优先退出限值;
然后以一般充电模式对电池进行充电。
可选地,目标参数包括电池的实际SOC值;
根据目标参数确定是否发生发动机起停相关事件的步骤包括:
判断电池的实际SOC值是否小于预设的电池SOC保护限值,电池SOC保护限值为电池允许的最小SOC值与预定余量的和;
若是,则确定发生电池SOC保护相关起停;
根据发动机起停相关事件及其等级进行发动机的起停控制的步骤包括:
请求并控制发动机启动以对电池充电,直到电池的实际SOC值高于预设的电池SOC保护限值。
可选地,目标参数包括电池温度和/或电池的实际SOC值,以及车辆运行需求功率;
根据目标参数确定是否发生发动机起停相关事件的步骤包括:
根据电池温度和/或电池的实际SOC值确定电池的可用放电功率;
判断电池的可用放电功率是否小于车辆运行需求功率,若是,则确定发生电池可用放电功率相关起停;
根据发动机起停相关事件及其等级进行发动机的起停控制的步骤包括:
请求并控制发动机启动以驱动车辆运行。
可选地,驾驶行为相关起停事件的等级为第二等级,且驾驶行为相关起停事件包括下列至少之一:动力模式或手动模式激活、原地P/N档大油门起步、kickdown触发、D/R档大油门加速、纯电模式下车速过高。
可选地,目标参数包括车辆的当前运行模式;
根据目标参数确定是否发生发动机起停相关事件的步骤包括:
当车辆的当前运行模式为动力模式或手动模式时,确定发生动力模式或手动模式激活;
根据发动机起停相关事件及其等级进行发动机的起停控制的步骤包括:
请求并控制发动机启动。
可选地,目标参数包括车辆的当前档位和油门开度;
根据目标参数确定是否发生发动机起停相关事件的步骤包括:
当车辆的当前档位为P/N档时,判断油门开度是否大于第一油门开度,若是,则确定发生原地P/N档大油门起步;
根据发动机起停相关事件及其等级进行发动机的起停控制的步骤包括:
请求并控制发动机启动,且当油门开度下降至第二油门开度时,延迟第一预设时长后控制发动机停机,第二油门开度小于第一油门开度。
可选地,目标参数包括油门状态;
根据目标参数确定是否发生发动机起停相关事件的步骤包括:
当油门状态为kickdown触发状态时,确定发生kickdown触发;
根据发动机起停相关事件及其等级进行发动机的起停控制的步骤包括:
请求并控制发动机启动。
可选地,目标参数包括车辆的当前档位、车辆的当前运行模式、驾驶员请求扭矩、电机最大可用扭矩、发动机的当前运行状态和当前车速;D/R档大油门加速包括D/R档大油门加速起机和D/R档大油门加速停机;
根据目标参数确定是否发生发动机起停相关事件的步骤包括:
当车辆的当前档位为D/R档时,根据发动机的当前运行状态判断发动机的当前状态为运行还是停机;
当发动机的当前状态为停机时,根据当前车速和车辆的当前运行模式查表得到起机扭矩修正限值;
判断驾驶员请求扭矩是否大于电机最大可用扭矩与起机扭矩修正限值之和,若是,则确定发生D/R档大油门加速起机;
当发动机的当前状态为运行时,根据当前车速查表得到停机扭矩修正限值;
判断驾驶员请求扭矩是否小于电机最大可用扭矩与停机扭矩修正限值的差值,若是,则确定发生D/R档大油门加速停机;
根据发动机起停相关事件及其等级进行发动机的起停控制的步骤包括:
当确定发生D/R档大油门加速起机时,请求并控制发动机启动;
当确定发生D/R档大油门加速停机时,请求并控制发动机停机。
可选地,目标参数包括车辆的当前运行模式和当前车速;
根据目标参数确定是否发生发动机起停相关事件的步骤包括:
当车辆的当前运行模式为纯电模式时,判断当前车速是否高于预设起机车速;
若是,则确定发生纯电模式下车速过高;
根据发动机起停相关事件及其等级进行发动机的起停控制的步骤包括:
请求并控制发动机启动。
可选地,发动机状态相关起停事件包括下列至少之一:
催化器储氧能力不足,其等级为第二等级;
催化器温度过高,其等级为第一等级;
环境温度过高,其等级为第二等级;
发动机冷却液温度过高,其等级为第一等级;
发动机冷却液温度过低,其等级为第二等级;
增压器涡前温度过高,其等级为第一等级;
机油温度过高,其等级为第一等级;
碳罐负荷过大,其等级为第一等级;
发动机累积停机时间超限,其等级为第二等级;
机油稀释,其等级为第一等级;
催化器加热,其等级为第一等级;
氧传感器闭环诊断,其等级为第一等级;
燃油老化,其等级为第二等级。
可选地,当出现断油或空气燃油比小于预设比值时,确定发生催化器储氧能力不足;
当催化器的温度大于第一温度阈值时,确定发生催化器温度过高;
当环境温度大于第二温度阈值时,确定发生环境温度过高;
当发动机冷却液温度大于第三温度阈值时,确定发生发动机冷却液温度过高;
当发动机冷却液温度小于第四温度阈值时,确定发生发动机冷却液温度过低,且在启动发动机后保持运行直到发动机冷却液温度达到目标温度阈值;
当增压器涡前温度大于第五温度阈值时,确定发生增压器涡前温度过高;
当机油温度大于第六温度阈值时,确定发生机油温度过高;
当碳罐负荷大于预设负荷时,确定发生碳罐负荷过大;
当在一个驾驶循环中发动机累积停机时间大于预设停机时间门限值时,确定发生发动机累积停机时间超限,且在启动发动机后对碳罐进行冲洗;
当机油粘度小于预设粘度值时,确定发生机油稀释;
当催化器满足加热条件且发动机已启动时,确定发生催化器加热,且在发动机已运行情况下保持发动机运行直到催化器加热结束;
当氧传感器有闭环诊断需求时,确定发生氧传感器闭环诊断,且在发动机已运行情况下保持发动机运行直到闭环诊断完成;
当发动机的燃油天数大于燃油天数阈值时,确定发生燃油老化,其中,燃油天数阈值是根据发动机冷却液当前温度查表得到的。
可选地,外部控制器请求起停事件的等级为第二等级,且外部控制器请求起停事件包括下列至少之一:空调控制器请求起机和驾驶员离开请求起机;
目标信号包括空调控制器的起机请求信号;
根据目标参数确定是否发生发动机起停相关事件的步骤包括:
当接收到空调控制器的起机请求信号时,确定发生空调控制器请求起机;和/或
目标参数包括车辆的当前运行状态、当前车速和驾驶员状态;
根据目标参数确定是否发生发动机起停相关事件的步骤包括:
当车辆的当前运行状态为驾驶循环激活状态、当前车速为0且驾驶员状态为离开时,确定发生驾驶员离开请求起机。
可选地,其他条件相关起停事件包括下列至少之一:
风扇控制相关起停,其等级为第一等级;
工厂模式请求起停,其等级为第二等级;
车辆碰撞后相关起停,其等级为第二等级;
远程启动请求起停,其等级为第二等级;
最小运行时间相关起停,其等级为第一等级;
低电机可用扭矩,其等级为第二等级;
发动机启动失败后起机,其等级为第二等级;
电池故障请求起机,其等级为第二等级;
电机故障请求起机,其等级为第二等级。
可选地,当发动机已运行且风扇控制的占空比高于标定阈值时,确定发生风扇控制相关起停,且在发动机已运行情况下保持发动机运行直到风扇控制的占空比低于标定阈值;
当车辆的工厂模式被触发时,确定发生工厂模式请求起停;
当车辆发生碰撞后,确定发生车辆碰撞后相关起停;
当接收到来自驾驶员的远程启动请求时,确定发生远程启动请求起停;
当发动机处于启动过程中或已启动成功后,确定发生最小运行时间相关起停,且在发动机已运行情况下使发动机保持运行至少第二预设时长;
当电机的可用扭矩与电机的最大扭矩的比值小于预设比值时,确定发生低电机可用扭矩;
当电池发生故障时,确定发生电池故障请求起机;
当电机的模式不响应请求、电机的扭矩输出路径不响应请求或电机的模式为故障模式时,确定发生电机故障请求起机。
根据本发明实施例的另一方面,还提供了一种混合动力车辆的发动机起停控制装置,包括存储器和处理器,存储器内存储有控制程序,控制程序被处理器执行时用于实现前文任一的发动机起停控制方法。
根据本发明实施例的再一方面,还提供了一种混合动力车辆,包括混合动力系统以及前文的混合动力车辆的发动机起停控制装置。
本发明提供的混合动力车辆及其发动机起停控制方法和装置中,通过确定发生的发动机起停相关事件,具体为能量管理相关起停事件、驾驶行为相关起停事件、发动机状态相关起停事件、外部控制器请求起停事件和其他条件相关起停事件的至少之一,以及确定所发生的发动机起停相关事件的等级,并进而根据发动机起停相关事件及其等级进行发动机的起停控制,可针对车辆可能发生的各种情况合理地进行发动机的起停控制,从而提高车辆的运行效率和用户体验。
进一步地,通过具体定义每种发动机起停相关事件的判断条件和等级,并定义各不同发动机起停相关事件的相应起停控制措施,保证发动机起停控制既可满足驾驶员请求,又能兼顾油耗,对电池进行保护,并提高冬季乘员的舒适性。
上述说明仅是本发明技术方案的概述,为了能够更清楚了解本发明的技术手段,而可依照说明书的内容予以实施,并且为了让本发明的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂,以下特举本发明的具体实施方式。
根据下文结合附图对本发明具体实施例的详细描述,本领域技术人员将会更加明了本发明的上述以及其他目的、优点和特征。
附图说明
后文将参照附图以示例性而非限制性的方式详细描述本发明的一些具体实施例。附图中相同的附图标记标示了相同或类似的部件或部分。本领域技术人员应该理解,这些附图未必是按比例绘制的。附图中:
图1为双电机混合动力系统的结构示意图;
图2为根据本发明一实施例的混合动力车辆的发动机起停控制方法的流程示意图;
图3为根据本发明实施例1的混合动力车辆的发动机起停控制方法的流程示意图;
图4为根据本发明实施例2的混合动力车辆的发动机起停控制方法的流程示意图;
图5为本发明实施例2中的电池电量平衡曲线图;
图6为根据本发明实施例3的混合动力车辆的发动机起停控制方法的流程示意图;
图7为根据本发明实施例4的混合动力车辆的发动机起停控制方法的流程示意图;
图8为根据本发明实施例5的混合动力车辆的发动机起停控制方法的流程示意图;
图9为根据本发明实施例6的混合动力车辆的发动机起停控制方法的流程示意图;
图10为根据本发明实施例7的混合动力车辆的发动机起停控制方法的流程示意图;
图11为根据本发明实施例8的混合动力车辆的发动机起停控制方法的流程示意图;
图12为根据本发明实施例9的混合动力车辆的发动机起停控制方法的流程示意图;
图13为根据本发明实施例11的混合动力车辆的发动机起停控制方法的流程示意图;
图14为根据本发明实施例12的混合动力车辆的发动机起停控制方法的流程示意图;
图15为根据本发明一实施例的混合动力车辆的发动机起停控制装置的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将参照附图更详细地描述本公开的示例性实施例。虽然附图中显示了本公开的示例性实施例,然而应当理解,可以以各种形式实现本公开而不应被这里阐述的实施例所限制。相反,提供这些实施例是为了能够更透彻地理解本公开,并且能够将本公开的范围完整的传达给本领域的技术人员。
针对混合动力系统在实际应用中可能面临的各种不同情况,本发明提出了一种混合动力车辆的发动机起停控制方法。本发明的发动机起停控制方法可适用于各种构型的混合动力系统,特别适用于双电机混合动力系统(如图1所示)。
图2为根据本发明一实施例的混合动力车辆的发动机起停控制方法的流程示意图。参见图2所示,该发动机起停控制方法至少可以包括以下步骤S202至步骤S208。
步骤S202,获取混合动力车辆的与发动机起停相关的目标参数或目标信号。
步骤S204,根据目标参数或目标信号确定是否发生发动机起停相关事件。若是,则执行步骤S206,若否,则结束本次流程。
步骤S206,确定发动机起停相关事件的等级。
步骤S208,根据发动机起停相关事件及其等级进行发动机的起停控制。
本实施例中,发动机起停相关事件可以包括下列至少之一:能量管理相关起停事件、驾驶行为相关起停事件、发动机状态相关起停事件、外部控制器请求起停事件和其他条件相关起停事件。
本发明实施例提供的混合动力车辆的发动机起停控制方法中,通过确定发生的发动机起停相关事件,具体为能量管理相关起停事件、驾驶行为相关起停事件、发动机状态相关起停事件、外部控制器请求起停事件和其他条件相关起停事件的至少之一,以及确定所发生的发动机起停相关事件的等级,并进而根据发动机起停相关事件及其等级进行发动机的起停控制,可针对车辆可能发生的各种情况合理地进行发动机的起停控制,从而提高车辆的运行效率和用户体验。
上文步骤S206中,可以通过查找预设的发动机启停相关事件与等级的映射关系表来确定所发生的发动机起停相关事件的等级。
进一步地,发动机起停相关事件的等级可以包括第一等级和第二等级,且第二等级被定义为高于第一等级。当发动机起停相关事件的等级为第一等级时,在进行发动机的 起停控制时仅可在发动机已运行情况下保持发动机运行。当发动机起停相关事件的等级为第二等级时,在进行发动机的起停控制时则可以在发动机已停机情况下请求并控制发动机启动。通过在不同事件等级下进行不同的起停处理,可以对不同情况进行针对性的起停控制,以满足车辆运行需求。
在一些情况下,可能会发生多个发动机起停相关事件,在这种情况下,可根据该多个发动机起停相关事件的最高等级进行发动机的起停控制。例如,若所确定的发生的多个发动机起停相关事件的等级既有第一等级也有第二等级,则根据第二等级进行发动机的起停控制。若所确定的发生的多个发动机起停相关事件的等级均为第一等级,则根据第一等级进行发动机的起停控制。
如前所述,发动机起停相关事件可以包括能量管理相关起停事件、驾驶行为相关起停事件、发动机状态相关起停事件、外部控制器请求起停事件和其他条件相关起停事件的至少之一。每种发动机起停相关事件均有各自的判断条件和等级,且有其对应的起停控制措施。下面将对上述几种发动机起停相关事件分别进行介绍。
一、能量管理相关起停事件
能量管理相关起停事件主要考虑油耗及排放循环中的驾驶员需求功率超限下的起机事件,以及电池SOC低和放电功率低时保护电池需要的起机事件。具体地,能量管理相关起停事件可以包括下列至少之一:驾驶员需求功率相关起停、电池电量平衡相关起停、电池SOC保护相关起停和电池可用放电功率相关起停。考虑到能量管理相关起停事件均与满足车辆驾驶需求条件相关,因此各能量管理相关起停事件的等级均为第二等级。
下面结合实施例1至实施例4对各种能量管理相关起停事件下的发动机起停控制方法进行具体介绍。
实施例1
实施例1为基于驾驶员需求功率相关起停的发动机起停控制方法。具体地,驾驶员需求功率相关起停可以包括驾驶员需求功率相关起机和驾驶员需求功率相关停机。
参见图3所示,实施例1的发动机起停控制方法包括以下步骤S302至步骤S322。
步骤S302,获取混合动力车辆的与发动机起停相关的目标参数。目标参数具体包括发动机的当前运行状态、发动机冷却液温度、当前车速、电池的实际SOC值、电池的目标SOC值和驾驶员需求功率。
步骤S304,根据发动机的当前运行状态判断发动机的当前状态为运行还是停机。当发动机的当前状态为停机时,执行步骤S306。当发动机的当前状态为运行时,执行步骤S312。
步骤S306,根据发动机冷却液温度、当前车速、电池的实际SOC值和电池的目标SOC值确定发动机的起机功率限值。
步骤S308,判断驾驶员需求功率是否大于起机功率限值。若是,则执行步骤S310,若否,则结束本次流程。
步骤S310,确定发生驾驶员需求功率相关起机。之后执行步骤S318。
步骤S312,根据当前车速、电池的实际SOC值和电池的目标SOC值确定发动机的停机功率限值。
步骤S314,判断驾驶员需求功率是否小于停机功率限值。若是,则执行步骤S316, 若否,则结束本次流程。
步骤S316,确定发生驾驶员需求功率相关停机。之后执行步骤S318。
步骤S318,确定发动机起停相关事件的等级。
本实施例1中,发动机起停相关事件具体为驾驶员需求功率相关起机或驾驶员需求功率相关停机,其等级为第二等级。
步骤S320,当确定发生驾驶员需求功率相关起机时,请求并控制发动机启动。
步骤S322,当确定发生驾驶员需求功率相关停机时,请求并控制发动机停机。
本实施例中功率相关起停是油耗循环工况和实际驾驶中最常用到的起停方式,其中用到的具体设定限值(如起机功率限值和起机功率限值)需根据车辆的驾驶性、排放、油耗、能量平衡的具体目标进行标定。
上文步骤S306中可通过查表方式确定起机功率限值。具体地,当发动机冷却液温度低于或等于设定温度值(例如40℃)时,由车速和电池SOC通过查找第一起机功率限值关系表确定发动机的起机功率限值。以下表1为一示例性的冷机状态下的第一起机功率限值关系表。
表1第一起机功率限值关系表
y/x 10 33 34 52 53 62 63
10 32 24 24 24 6.6 6.6 3.5
16.9 32 24 24 24 6.6 6.6 3.5
17 32 24 11 11 6.6 6.6 3.5
22 32 24 11 11 6.6 6.6 3.5
23 32 7 7 6 6 6 3.5
25 32 7 7 6 6 6 3.5
表1中,x表示车速(单位为km/h),y表示电池的目标SOC值与实际SOC值的差值(单位为%),起机功率限值的单位为kW。第一起机功率限值关系表中各功率限值的设置原则为:高SOC不易起机,低SOC易起机;低车速不易起机,高车速易起机。
当发动机冷却液温度高于该设定温度值时(即暖机和热机状态),由车速和电池SOC通过查找第二起机功率限值关系表确定发动机的起机功率限值。以下表2为一示例性的第二起机功率限值关系表。
表2第二起机功率限值关系表
y/x 10 33 34 52 53 62 63
10 32 24 19 19 19 14.5 3.5
16.9 32 24 12 12 12 10.4 3.5
17 32 24 11 11 11 9.7 3.5
22 32 24 11 11 11 9.7 3.5
23 32 24 11 11 11 9.7 3.5
25 32 24 11 11 11 9.7 3.5
表2中x和y以及各值的含义和单位与表1相同。第二起机功率限值关系表中的各值设置时需要考虑NEDC及WLTC循环曲线特性,且其设置原则为:高SOC不易起机,低SOC易起机;低车速不易起机,高车速易起机。另外,第二起机功率限值关系表不同于第一起机功率限值关系表。和暖机限值相比,冷机低速时发动机燃烧不好,因此功率限值更大,更多用纯电行驶。
上文步骤S312中可由车速和电池SOC通过查找停机功率限值关系表确定发动机的停机功率限值。以下表3为一示例性的停机功率限值关系表。
表3停机功率限值关系表
y/x 14 16 33 44 60 80 100
5 0 0 -2 -4 -9 -10 -11
9 0 0 -2 -4 -9 -10 -11
10 0 0 -2 -4 -9 -10 -11
15 0 0 -2 -4 -9 -10 -11
23 0 0 -2 -4 -9 -10 -11
24 0 0 -2 -4 -9 -10 -11
表3中x和y以及各值的含义和单位与表1相同。
实施例2
实施例2为基于电池电量平衡相关起停的发动机起停控制方法。
参见图4所示,实施例2的发动机起停控制方法包括以下步骤S402至步骤S414。
步骤S402,获取混合动力车辆的与发动机起停相关的目标参数。目标参数具体包括发动机的当前运行状态、当前车速和电池的实际SOC值。
步骤S404,当发动机的当前运行状态为停机时,根据当前车速确定起机SOC限值和停机SOC限值。
步骤S406,判断电池的实际SOC值是否小于起机SOC限值。若是,则执行步骤S408,如否,则结束本流程。
步骤S408,确定发生电池电量平衡相关起停。
步骤S410,确定发动机起停相关事件的等级。
本实施例2中,发动机起停相关事件具体为电池电量平衡相关起停,其等级为第二等级。
步骤S412,请求并控制发动机启动以对电池进行充电。
步骤S414,当电池的实际SOC值达到停机SOC限值时,请求并控制发动机停机。
本实施例中为了维持电池电量平衡,需在电量下跌至目标电量值以下一定偏移时启动发动机进行充电。目标充电电量随高低负载、车速进行调整,低负载时目标电量例如可以为61%,高负载时目标电量例如可以为65%,高车速时目标SOC需要设置较高的值,以实现在发动机效率较高的时候尽可能的多充电,保证在低速时有足够的电量用来维持车辆纯电行驶。
具体地,上文步骤S404中可以根据预设的电池电量平衡曲线图确定起机SOC限值和停机SOC限值。图5示出了一示例性的电池电量平衡曲线图,其中,横轴表示车速, 纵轴表示SOC值。如图5中所示,Batt_max和Batt_min分别表示电池控制器允许的SOC上限值和下限值,SOC_tar_highauxmode表示高负载下目标SOC值,SOC_tar表示低负载下目标SOC值,Eng_off和Eng_on分别表示上述停机SOC限值和起机SOC限值,Prio_charge_exit和Prio_charge_enter分别表示充电优先退出限值和充电优先进入限值。
进一步地,在步骤S408中确定发生电池电量平衡相关起停后,还可以判断电池的实际SOC值是否小于预设的充电优先进入限值。当判断出电池的实际SOC值小于预设的充电优先进入限值时,在步骤S412中在请求并控制发动机启动后,可以先以充电优先模式对电池进行充电,直到电池的实际SOC值达到预设的充电优先退出限值,然后再以一般充电模式对电池进行充电,直到电池的实际SOC值达到停机SOC限值。
实施例3
实施例3为基于电池SOC保护相关起停的发动机起停控制方法。
参见图6所示,实施例3的发动机起停控制方法包括以下步骤S602至步骤S610。
步骤S602,获取混合动力车辆的与发动机起停相关的目标参数。目标参数具体包括电池的实际SOC值。
步骤S604,判断电池的实际SOC值是否小于预设的电池SOC保护限值,电池SOC保护限值为电池允许的最小SOC值与预定余量的和。若是,则执行步骤S606,若否,则结束本流程。
步骤S606,确定发生电池SOC保护相关起停。
步骤S608,确定发动机起停相关事件的等级。
本实施例3中,发动机起停相关事件具体为电池SOC保护相关起停,其等级为第二等级。
步骤S610,请求并控制发动机启动以对电池充电,直到电池的实际SOC值高于预设的电池SOC保护限值。
本实施例在电池允许的最小SOC的基础上保留适当的余量作为限值,当电池的实际SOC值低于该限值(即最小SOC与该余量的和)时及请求发动机起机,从而有效地保护电池。
实施例4
实施例4为基于电池可用放电功率相关起停的发动机起停控制方法。
参见图7所示,实施例4的发动机起停控制方法包括以下步骤S702至步骤S712。
步骤S702,获取混合动力车辆的与发动机起停相关的目标参数。目标参数具体包括电池温度和/或电池的实际SOC值,以及车辆运行需求功率。
步骤S704,根据电池温度和/或电池的实际SOC值确定电池的可用放电功率。
步骤S706,判断电池的可用放电功率是否小于车辆运行需求功率。若是,则执行步骤S708,若否,则结束本流程。
步骤S708,确定发生电池可用放电功率相关起停。
步骤S710,确定发动机起停相关事件的等级。
本实施例4中,发动机起停相关事件具体为电池可用放电功率相关起停,其等级为第二等级。
步骤S712,请求并控制发动机启动以驱动车辆运行。
当电池温度出现过高或过低以及电池SOC过低时,均会导致电池的放电功率受限。本实施例中根据电池温度和/或电池的实际SOC值确定电池的可用放电功率,当电池的可用放电功率不足以带动车辆正常运行时,启动发动机来驱动车辆,从而满足车辆运行需求。根据电池温度和/或电池的实际SOC值确定电池的可用放电功率的方式可采用现有的方式。
二、驾驶行为相关起停事件
驾驶行为相关起停事件主要与驾驶员的操作行为有关。当驾驶员进行某些操作时,如选择动力(Power)模式、大油门加速等,控制系统会认为驾驶员需要充足动力,此时会请求发动机启动以实现驾驶员意图。具体地,驾驶行为相关起停事件可以包括下列至少之一:动力模式或手动模式激活、原地P/N档大油门起步、kickdown触发、D/R档大油门加速、纯电模式下车速过高。考虑到驾驶行为相关起停事件均与满足驾驶员动力需求相关,因此各驾驶行为相关起停事件的等级均为第二等级。
下面结合实施例5至实施例9对各种驾驶行为相关起停事件下的发动机启停控制方法进行具体介绍。
实施例5
实施例5为基于动力模式或手动模式激活的发动机起停控制方法。
参见图8所示,实施例5的发动机起停控制方法包括以下步骤S802至步骤S808。
步骤S802,获取混合动力车辆的与发动机起停相关的目标参数。目标参数具体包括车辆的当前运行模式。
步骤S804,当车辆的当前运行模式为动力模式或手动模式时,确定发生动力模式或手动模式激活。
步骤S806,确定发动机起停相关事件的等级。
本实施例5中,发动机起停相关事件具体为动力模式或手动模式激活,其等级为第二等级。
步骤S808,请求并控制发动机启动。
本实施例中,当驾驶员选择Power驾驶模式或者将档杆置于手动模式时,请求启动发动机,从而能够及时响应驾驶员需求,提升用户驾驶体验。
实施例6
实施例6为基于原地P/N档大油门起步的发动机起停控制方法。
参见图9所示,实施例6的发动机起停控制方法包括以下步骤S902至步骤S916。
步骤S902,获取混合动力车辆的与发动机起停相关的目标参数。目标参数具体包括车辆的当前档位和油门开度。
步骤S904,当车辆的当前档位为P/N档时,判断油门开度是否大于第一油门开度。若是,则执行步骤S906,若否,则结束本流程。
第一油门开度可根据经验值设置,例如可以设置为60%。
步骤S906,确定发生原地P/N档大油门起步。
步骤S908,确定发动机起停相关事件的等级。
本实施例6中,发动机起停相关事件具体为原地P/N档大油门起步,其等级为第二等级。
步骤S910,请求并控制发动机启动。
步骤S912,监测车辆的油门开度。
步骤S914,判断油门开度是否小于或等于第二油门开度。若是,则执行步骤S916,否则,返回步骤S912。第二油门开度小于第一油门开度。
步骤S916,延迟第一预设时长后控制发动机停机。第一预设时长可以根据实际应用需求设置,例如设置为2s。
本实施例中在原地P/N档大油门起步情况下启动发动机以满足驾驶员的驾驶体验,并在启动发动机后油门开度下降至第二油门开度时,延迟第一预设时长后才控制发动机停机,防止驾驶员一松油门发动机立即停机,造成较差的驾驶体验。
实施例7
实施例7为基于kickdown触发的发动机起停控制方法。
参见图10所示,实施例7的发动机起停控制方法包括以下步骤S1002至步骤S1008。
步骤S1002,获取混合动力车辆的与发动机起停相关的目标参数。目标参数具体包括油门状态。
步骤S1004,当油门状态为kickdown触发状态时,确定发生kickdown触发。
步骤S1006,确定发动机起停相关事件的等级。
本实施例7中,发动机起停相关事件具体为kickdown触发,其等级为第二等级。
步骤S1008,请求并控制发动机启动。
Kickdown是将油门踏板快速一脚踩到底的动作。本实施例中,在触发Kickdown时,认为驾驶员需要动力,此时启动发动机以满足驾驶员需求。
实施例8
实施例8为基于D/R档大油门加速的发动机起停控制方法。具体地,D/R档大油门加速可以包括D/R档大油门加速起机和D/R档大油门加速停机。
参见图11所示,实施例8的发动机起停控制方法包括以下步骤S1102至步骤S1122。
步骤S1102,获取混合动力车辆的与发动机起停相关的目标参数。目标参数具体包括车辆的当前档位、车辆的当前运行模式、驾驶员请求扭矩、电机最大可用扭矩、发动机的当前运行状态和当前车速。
步骤S1104,当车辆的当前档位为D/R档时,根据发动机的当前运行状态判断发动机的当前状态为运行还是停机。当发动机的当前状态为停机时,执行步骤S1106。当发动机的当前状态为运行时,执行步骤S1112。
步骤S1106,根据当前车速和车辆的当前运行模式查表得到起机扭矩修正限值。
步骤S1108,判断驾驶员请求扭矩是否大于电机最大可用扭矩与起机扭矩修正限值之和。若是,则执行步骤S1110,若否,结束本流程。
步骤S1110,确定发生D/R档大油门加速起机。然后执行步骤S1118。
步骤S1112,根据当前车速查表得到停机扭矩修正限值。
步骤S1114,判断驾驶员请求扭矩是否小于电机最大可用扭矩与停机扭矩修正限值的差值。若是,则执行步骤S1116,若否,则结束本流程。
步骤S1116,确定发生D/R档大油门加速停机。然后执行步骤S1118。
步骤S1118,确定发动机起停相关事件的等级。
本实施例8中,发动机起停相关事件具体为D/R档大油门加速起机或D/R档大油门加速停机,其等级为第二等级。
步骤S1120,当确定发生D/R档大油门加速起机时,请求并控制发动机启动。
步骤S1122,当确定发生D/R档大油门加速停机时,请求并控制发动机停机。
本实施例中,当驾驶员在D/R档踩大油门,电机扭矩不能满足驾驶员扭矩请求时,为保证动力性,将启动发动机。该功能标定过程中应根据pedal map进行标定,同时由于不同的环境温度下电池能力不一样,需要对标定限值进行修正。该功能与电池SOC无关,只是单纯地根据驾驶员意图进行,这与能量管理中的功率起机存在本质的区别。另外,不同的车辆运行模式(即驾驶模式)对应不同的扭矩修正限值表,而且实际标定过程中还需要考虑油耗、排放等影响因素,避免互相干扰,从而使得发动机起停控制更准确和有效。
上文步骤S1106中可根据当前车速和车辆的当前运行模式通过查找起机扭矩修正限值关系表得到起机扭矩修正限值。具体地,当车辆的当前运行模式为正常模式(除经济模式以外的其他模式)时,查找第一起机扭矩修正限值关系表。下表4为一示例性的正常模式下的第一起机扭矩修正限值关系表。
表4第一起机扭矩修正限值关系表
车速 3 10 20 30 50 100
起机扭矩修正限值 1500 600 235 200 150 100
当车辆的当前运行模式为经济模式时,查找第二起机扭矩修正限值关系表。下表5为一示例性的经济模式下的第二起机扭矩修正限值关系表。
表5第二起机扭矩修正限值关系表
车速 3 10 20 30 50 100
起机扭矩修正限值 1500 1300 1200 900 700 550
对比表4和表5可知,经济模式下起机扭矩修正限值更大,更不容易起机,多用电机驱动。
上文步骤S1112中可根据当前车速通过查找停机扭矩修正限值关系表得到停机扭矩修正限值。下表6为一示例性的停机扭矩修正限值关系表。
表6停机扭矩修正限值关系表
车速 0 15 20 30 45 70
停机扭矩修正限值 1257 1257 777 410 450 350
上述表4至表6中车速的单位为km/h,起机扭矩修正限值和停机扭矩修正限值的单位为N·m。
实施例9
实施例9为基于纯电模式下车速过高的发动机起停控制方法。
参见图12所示,实施例9的发动机起停控制方法包括以下步骤S1202至步骤S1210。
步骤S1202,获取混合动力车辆的与发动机起停相关的目标参数。目标参数具体包括 车辆的当前运行模式和当前车速。
步骤S1204,当车辆的当前运行模式为纯电模式时,判断当前车速是否高于预设起机车速。若是,则执行步骤S1206,若否,则结束本流程。
步骤S1206,确定发生纯电模式下车速过高。
步骤S1208,确定发动机起停相关事件的等级。
本实施例9中,发动机起停相关事件具体为纯电模式下车速过高,其等级为第二等级。
步骤S1210,请求并控制发动机启动。
当混合动力车辆的车速高于一定值后,电机的能力已不足以维持正常加速或行驶,因此,本实施例中当纯电模式下车速高于预设起机车速时请求发动机启动运行以提供动力,保证车辆的正常加速和行驶。
在设置起机车速时,应区分车辆是插电式混合动力车辆(Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle,PHEV)还是混合动力车辆(Hybrid Electric Vehicle,HEV)车型。对于PHEV车型,在进行法规NEDC循环续航里程测试时,为保证足够的续航里程,该起机车速应高于NEDC循环中的最高车速,但不能超过太多,否则会对驾驶性产生影响。可选地,该起机车速可以是NEDC循环中的最高车速与一增量值的和,该增量值可以是经验值,例如可以等于10km/h。对于HEV车型,因为无纯电续航里程需求,因此该起机限值的设置根据项目输入标定。
三、发动机状态相关起停事件
发动机状态相关起停事件主要是与发动机硬件相关的起机。下面通过实施例10对基于发动机状态相关起停事件的发动机起停控制方法进行介绍。
实施例10
实施例10为基于发动机状态相关起停事件的发动机起停控制方法。
本实施例中,发动机状态相关起停事件可以包括以下至少13种事件中的至少之一,下面将一一介绍每种事件的判断条件和等级,及其相应的起停控制措施。
(1)催化器储氧能力不足
当出现断油或空气燃油比(也称为lambda值)小于预设比值时,确定发生催化器储氧能力不足。这种情况下为了保持催化器中储存的氧离子,防止出现过多的NOx,需要请求启动发动机。因此,催化器储氧能力不足的等级可设为第二等级。相应地,确定发生催化器储氧能力不足后,请求并控制发动机启动。
(2)催化器温度过高
当催化器的温度大于第一温度阈值时,确定发生催化器温度过高。此时出于排温保护的角度考虑,需要发动机保持运行来进行降温。因此,催化器温度过高的等级可设为第一等级。相应地,确定发生催化器温度过高后,在发动机已运行情况下保持发动机运行。
(3)环境温度过高
当车辆所在的环境温度大于第二温度阈值时,确定发生环境温度过高。此时,需要请求发动机起机以开启水循环进行降温。因此,环境温度过高的等级可设为第二等级。相应地,确定发生环境温度过高后,请求并控制发动机启动。第二温度阈值可根据实际 应用需求设置,例如可设置为50℃。
(4)发动机冷却液温度过高
当发动机冷却液温度(通常为水温)大于第三温度阈值时,确定发生发动机冷却液温度过高。此时,如果发动机处于运行状态,为将发动机冷却液温度维持在适合的温度区间,需保持发动机运行,因此,发动机冷却液温度过高的等级可设为第一等级。相应地,确定发生发动机冷却液温度过高后,在发动机已运行情况下保持发动机运行。第三温度阈值可根据实际应用需求设置,例如可设置为107℃。
(5)发动机冷却液温度过低
当发动机冷却液温度小于第四温度阈值时,确定发生发动机冷却液温度过低。由于发动机在发动机冷却液温度低时起动排放差,为避免频繁起停带来排放恶化,当发动机冷却液温度低于阀值时,需请求发动机启动以使冷却液温度升高。因此,发动机冷却液温度过低的等级可设为第二等级。相应地,确定发生发动机冷却液温度过低后,请求并控制发动机启动,且在启动发动机后保持发动机运行,直到发动机冷却液温度达到一目标温度阈值。第四温度阈值和目标温度阈值可根据实际应用需求设置,例如,第四温度阈值可设置为-4℃,目标温度阈值可设置为10℃。
(6)增压器涡前温度过高
当增压器涡前温度大于第五温度阈值时,确定发生增压器涡前温度过高。此时,为避免在高速加浓的工况下突然停机导致大量空气进入排气系统,进而可能会导致催化器或增压器受损,需要维持发动机运行。因此,增压器涡前温度过高的等级可设为第一等级。相应地,确定发生增压器涡前温度过高后,在发动机已运行情况下保持发动机运行。
(7)机油温度过高
当机油温度大于第六温度阈值时,确定发生机油温度过高。此时,需要发动机保持运行以增加机油搅拌来促进机油降温。因此,机油温度过高的等级可设为第一等级。相应地,确定发生机油温度过高后,在发动机已运行情况下保持发动机运行。
(8)碳罐负荷过大
当碳罐负荷大于预设负荷时,确定发生碳罐负荷过大。此时,发动机需要维持运行状态,以对碳罐进行冲洗。因此,碳罐负荷过大的等级可设为第一等级。相应地,确定发生碳罐负荷过大后,在发动机已运行情况下保持发动机运行。
(9)发动机累积停机时间超限
当在一个驾驶循环中发动机累积停机时间大于预设停机时间门限值时,确定发生发动机累积停机时间超限。此时,碳罐内会出现沉积过多的情况,需启动发动机对碳罐进行冲洗。因此,发动机累积停机时间超限的等级可设为第二等级。相应地,确定发生发动机累积停机时间超限后,请求并控制发动机启动,并在启动发动机后对碳罐进行冲洗。
(10)机油稀释
当没有燃烧完全的燃油混入机油时,会引起机油稀释,降低机油的粘度,因此会降低机油的抗磨性,引起发动机润滑不足。当机油粘度小于预设粘度值时,确定发生机油稀释。此时,为避免发动机频繁地启动加浓,需禁止发动机起停,保持发动机运行。因此,机油稀释的等级可设为第一等级。相应地,确定发生机油稀释后,在发动机已运行情况下保持发动机运行。
(11)催化器加热
当催化器满足加热条件且发动机已启动时,确定发生催化器加热。此时,为保证催化器温度迅速达到适宜的工作温度,需保持发动机运行直到催化器加热结束。因此,催化器加热的等级可设为第一等级。相应地,确定发生催化器加热后,在发动机已运行情况下保持发动机运行直到催化器加热结束。
(12)氧传感器闭环诊断
当氧传感器有闭环诊断需求时,确定发生氧传感器闭环诊断。此时,为保证闭环诊断顺利完成,需要维持发动机运行。因此,氧传感器闭环诊断的等级可设为第一等级。相应地,确定发生氧传感器闭环诊断后,在发动机已运行情况下保持发动机运行直到闭环诊断完成。
(13)燃油老化
当发动机的燃油天数(Fuel Age)大于燃油天数阈值时,确定发生燃油老化。燃油天数指在未被使用的情况下从加油开始燃油在油箱中的天数。燃油天数阈值是根据发动机冷却液当前温度通过查找燃油天数阈值与冷却液温度关系表得到的。下表7为一示例性的燃油天数阈值与冷却液温度关系表。
表7燃油天数阈值与冷却液温度关系表
Figure PCTCN2021113557-appb-000001
四、外部控制器请求起停事件
外部控制器请求起停事件主要考虑动力系统外部的控制器(例如空调控制器)的起机请求。具体地,外部控制器请求起停事件可以包括下列至少之一:空调控制器请求起机和驾驶员离开请求起机。考虑到外部控制器请求起停事件均与用户使用体验相关,因此各外部控制器请求起停事件的等级均为第二等级。
下面结合实施例11至实施例12对各种外部控制器请求起停事件下的发动机启停控制方法进行具体介绍。
实施例11
实施例11为基于空调控制器请求起机的发动机起停控制方法。
参见图13所示,实施例11的发动机起停控制方法包括以下步骤S1302至步骤S1308。
步骤S1302,获取混合动力车辆的与发动机起停相关的目标信号。目标信号具体包括空调控制器的起机请求信号。
步骤S1304,当接收到空调控制器的起机请求信号时,确定发生空调控制器请求起机。
步骤S1306,确定发动机起停相关事件的等级。
本实施例11中,发动机起停相关事件具体为空调控制器请求起机,其等级为第二等级。
步骤S1308,请求并控制发动机启动。
本实施例在接收到空调控制器的起机请求信号时启动发动机。当冬季车内温度比较低时,通过响应于空调控制器的起机请求启动发动机,可以在低温环境时满足车内的采暖需求,提升用户体验。
实施例12
实施例12为基于驾驶员离开请求起机的发动机起停控制方法。
参见图14所示,实施例12的发动机起停控制方法包括以下步骤S1402至步骤S1408。
步骤S1402,获取混合动力车辆的与发动机起停相关的目标参数。目标参数具体包括车辆的当前运行状态、当前车速和驾驶员状态。
步骤S1404,当车辆的当前运行状态为驾驶循环激活状态、当前车速为0且驾驶员状态为离开时,确定发生驾驶员离开请求起机。
步骤S1406,确定发动机起停相关事件的等级。
本实施例12中,发动机起停相关事件具体为驾驶员离开请求起机,其等级为第二等级。
步骤S1408,请求并控制发动机启动。
本实施例中,在驾驶循环激活状态、车速为0且驾驶员离开情况下,整车电子控制器会请求发动机起机以提醒驾驶员车辆没有下电。
五、其他条件相关起停事件
下面通过实施例13对基于其他条件相关起停事件的发动机起停控制方法进行介绍。
实施例13
实施例13为基于其他条件相关起停事件的发动机起停控制方法。
本实施例中,其他条件相关起停事件可以包括以下至少9种事件中的至少之一,下面将一一介绍每种事件的判断条件和等级,及其相应的起停控制措施。
(1)风扇控制相关起停
当发动机已运行且风扇控制的占空比高于标定阈值时,确定发生风扇控制相关起停。此时,需要发动机保持运行以使风扇控制的占空比下降。因此,风扇控制相关起停的等级可设为第一等级。相应地,确定发生风扇控制相关起停后,在发动机已运行情况下保持发动机运行直到风扇控制的占空比低于标定阈值。标定阈值可根据实际应用需求进行设置,例如,可设置为60%。
(2)工厂模式请求起停
当车辆的工厂模式被触发时,确定发生工厂模式请求起停。通常车辆在工厂下限时,需要触发工厂模式来检查发动机的状态,此时需要请求发动机起机。因此,工厂模式请求起停的等级可设为第二等级。相应地,确定发生工厂模式请求起停后,请求并控制发动机启动。
(3)车辆碰撞后相关起停
当车辆发生碰撞后,确定发生车辆碰撞后相关起停。此时,需要启动发动机以避免动力丢失。因此,车辆碰撞后相关起停的等级可设为第二等级。相应地,确定发生车辆碰撞后相关起停后,请求并控制发动机启动。
(4)远程启动请求起停
当接收到来自驾驶员的远程启动请求时,确定发生远程启动请求起停。远程启动请求起停的等级可设为第二等级。相应地,确定发生远程启动请求起停后,请求并控制发动机启动,从而实现对用户请求的及时响应,提升用户体验。
(5)最小运行时间相关起停
当发动机处于启动过程中或已启动成功后,确定发生最小运行时间相关起停。此时,需要请求保持发动机运行一定时长后才允许停机,从而避免出现启动失败或者频繁的启动和停机,影响驾驶感受。因此,最小运行时间相关起停的等级可设为第一等级。相应地,在确定发生最小运行时间相关起停后,在发动机已运行情况下使发动机保持运行至少第二预设时长。第二预设时长可以根据实际应用需求进行设置,且不能设置过大,否则容易导致怠速时发动机仍然运行,影响油耗。例如,第二预设时长可以设置为4s。
(6)低电机可用扭矩
当电机的可用扭矩与电机的最大扭矩的比值小于预设比值时,确定发生低电机可用扭矩。为防止动力丢失或动力响应慢,此时需要请求发动机启动。因此,低电机可用扭矩的等级可设为第二等级。相应地,在确定发生低电机可用扭矩后,请求并控制发动机启动。预设比值可以根据实际应用需求进行设置,例如,可设置为0.5。
(7)发动机启动失败后起机
在发动机启动失败后,确定发生发动机启动失败后起机。此时,需要再次发生起机请求,以期发动机再次启动。因此,发动机启动失败后起机的等级可设为第二等级。相应地,确定发生发动机启动失败后起机后,再次请求并控制发动机启动。
(8)电池故障请求起机
当电池发生故障时,确定发生电池故障请求起机。当电池发生故障时,为了避免动力丢失,需要请求启动发动机。因此,电池故障请求起机的等级可设为第二等级。相应地,确定发生电池故障请求起机后,请求并控制发动机启动。
(9)电机故障请求起机
当电机的模式不响应请求、电机的扭矩输出路径不响应请求或电机的模式为故障模式时,确定发生电机故障请求起机。在电机故障时,为了避免动力丢失,需要启动发动机进行直接驱动。因此,电机故障请求起机的等级可设为第二等级。相应地,确定发生电机故障请求起机后,请求并控制发动机启动。
以上介绍了各种发动机起停相关事件下的发动机起停控制方法的实施例。在这些实施例中,通过具体定义每种发动机起停相关事件的判断条件和等级,并定义各不同发动机起停相关事件的相应起停控制措施,保证发动机起停控制既可满足驾驶员请求,又能兼顾油耗,对电池进行保护,并提高冬季乘员的舒适性。
基于同一技术构思,本发明实施例还提供了一种混合动力车辆的发动机起停控制装置100。如图15所示,该发动机起停控制装置100包括存储器110和处理器120。存储器110内存储有控制程序,控制程序被处理器120执行时用于实现前文任意实施例或实施例组合的混合动力车辆的发动机起停控制方法。
本实施例的发动机起停控制装置通过确定发生的发动机起停相关事件,以及所发生的发动机起停相关事件的等级,并进而根据发动机起停相关事件及其等级进行发动机的 起停控制,可针对车辆可能发生的各种情况合理地进行发动机的起停控制,从而提高车辆的运行效率和用户体验。
基于同一技术构思,本发明实施例还提供了一种混合动力车辆,包括混合动力系统以及前文实施例所述的混合动力车辆的发动机起停控制装置100。混合动力系统例如可以为如图1所示的双电机混合动力系统。
至此,本领域技术人员应认识到,虽然本文已详尽示出和描述了本发明的示例性实施例,但是,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的情况下,仍可根据本发明公开的内容直接确定或推导出符合本发明原理的许多其他变型或修改。因此,本发明的范围应被理解和认定为覆盖了所有这些其他变型或修改。

Claims (22)

  1. 一种混合动力车辆的发动机起停控制方法,包括:
    获取所述混合动力车辆的与发动机起停相关的目标参数或目标信号;
    根据所述目标参数或所述目标信号确定是否发生发动机起停相关事件;
    若是,确定所述发动机起停相关事件的等级;
    根据所述发动机起停相关事件及其等级进行发动机的起停控制;
    其中,所述发动机起停相关事件包括下列至少之一:能量管理相关起停事件、驾驶行为相关起停事件、发动机状态相关起停事件、外部控制器请求起停事件和其他条件相关起停事件。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的发动机起停控制方法,其中,所述发动机起停相关事件的等级包括第一等级和第二等级,所述第二等级高于所述第一等级;
    当所述发动机起停相关事件的等级为所述第一等级时,根据所述发动机起停相关事件及其等级进行发动机的起停控制的步骤包括:
    在所述发动机已运行情况下保持所述发动机运行;
    当所述发动机起停相关事件的等级为所述第二等级时,根据所述发动机起停相关事件及其等级进行发动机的起停控制的步骤包括:
    在所述发动机已停机情况下请求并控制所述发动机启动。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的发动机起停控制方法,其中,当发生多个发动机起停相关事件时,根据所述多个发动机起停相关事件的最高等级进行发动机的起停控制。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的发动机起停控制方法,其中,所述能量管理相关起停事件的等级为所述第二等级,且所述能量管理相关起停事件包括下列至少之一:驾驶员需求功率相关起停、电池电量平衡相关起停、电池SOC保护相关起停和电池可用放电功率相关起停。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的发动机起停控制方法,其中,
    所述目标参数包括发动机的当前运行状态、发动机冷却液温度、当前车速、电池的实际SOC值、电池的目标SOC值和驾驶员需求功率;所述驾驶员需求功率相关起停包括驾驶员需求功率相关起机和驾驶员需求功率相关停机;
    根据所述目标参数确定是否发生发动机起停相关事件的步骤包括:
    根据所述发动机的当前运行状态判断所述发动机的当前状态为运行还是停机;
    当所述发动机的当前状态为停机时,根据所述发动机冷却液温度、所述当前车速、所述电池的实际SOC值和所述电池的目标SOC值确定发动机的起机功率限值;
    判断所述驾驶员需求功率是否大于所述起机功率限值,若是,则确定发生所述驾驶员需求功率相关起机;
    当所述发动机的当前状态为运行时,根据所述当前车速、所述电池的实际SOC值和所述电池的目标SOC值确定发动机的停机功率限值;
    判断所述驾驶员需求功率是否小于所述停机功率限值,若是,则确定发生所述驾驶员需求功率相关停机;
    根据所述发动机起停相关事件及其等级进行发动机的起停控制的步骤包括:
    当确定发生所述驾驶员需求功率相关起机时,请求并控制所述发动机启动;
    当确定发生所述驾驶员需求功率相关停机时,请求并控制所述发动机停机。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的发动机起停控制方法,其中,所述目标参数包括发动机的当前运行状态、当前车速和电池的实际SOC值;
    根据所述目标参数确定是否发生发动机起停相关事件的步骤包括:
    当所述发动机的当前运行状态为停机时,根据所述当前车速确定起机SOC限值和停机SOC限值;
    判断所述电池的实际SOC值是否小于所述起机SOC限值,若是,则确定发生所述电池电量平衡相关起停;
    根据所述发动机起停相关事件及其等级进行发动机的起停控制的步骤包括:
    请求并控制所述发动机启动以对所述电池进行充电;
    当所述电池的实际SOC值达到所述停机SOC限值时,请求并控制所述发动机停机。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的发动机起停控制方法,其中,
    在确定发生所述电池电量平衡相关起停后,根据所述目标参数确定是否发生发动机起停相关事件的步骤还包括:
    判断所述电池的实际SOC值是否小于预设的充电优先进入限值;
    根据所述发动机起停相关事件及其等级进行发动机的起停控制的步骤还包括:
    当判断出所述电池的实际SOC值小于所述预设的充电优先进入限值时,在请求并控制所述发动机启动后,先以充电优先模式对所述电池进行充电,直到所述电池的实际SOC值达到预设的充电优先退出限值;
    然后以一般充电模式对所述电池进行充电。
  8. 根据权利要求4所述的发动机起停控制方法,其中,所述目标参数包括电池的实际SOC值;
    根据所述目标参数确定是否发生发动机起停相关事件的步骤包括:
    判断所述电池的实际SOC值是否小于预设的电池SOC保护限值,所述电池SOC保护限值为电池允许的最小SOC值与预定余量的和;
    若是,则确定发生所述电池SOC保护相关起停;
    根据所述发动机起停相关事件及其等级进行发动机的起停控制的步骤包括:
    请求并控制所述发动机启动以对所述电池充电,直到所述电池的实际SOC值高于所述预设的电池SOC保护限值。
  9. 根据权利要求4所述的发动机起停控制方法,其中,所述目标参数包括电池温度和/或电池的实际SOC值,以及车辆运行需求功率;
    根据所述目标参数确定是否发生发动机起停相关事件的步骤包括:
    根据所述电池温度和/或所述电池的实际SOC值确定所述电池的可用放电功率;
    判断所述电池的可用放电功率是否小于所述车辆运行需求功率,若是,则确定发生所述电池可用放电功率相关起停;
    根据所述发动机起停相关事件及其等级进行发动机的起停控制的步骤包括:
    请求并控制所述发动机启动以驱动所述车辆运行。
  10. 根据权利要求2所述的发动机起停控制方法,其中,所述驾驶行为相关起停事件 的等级为所述第二等级,且所述驾驶行为相关起停事件包括下列至少之一:动力模式或手动模式激活、原地P/N档大油门起步、kickdown触发、D/R档大油门加速、纯电模式下车速过高。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的发动机起停控制方法,其中,所述目标参数包括车辆的当前运行模式;
    根据所述目标参数确定是否发生发动机起停相关事件的步骤包括:
    当所述车辆的当前运行模式为动力模式或手动模式时,确定发生所述动力模式或手动模式激活;
    根据所述发动机起停相关事件及其等级进行发动机的起停控制的步骤包括:
    请求并控制所述发动机启动。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的发动机起停控制方法,其中,所述目标参数包括所述车辆的当前档位和油门开度;
    根据所述目标参数确定是否发生发动机起停相关事件的步骤包括:
    当所述车辆的当前档位为P/N档时,判断所述油门开度是否大于第一油门开度,若是,则确定发生所述原地P/N档大油门起步;
    根据所述发动机起停相关事件及其等级进行发动机的起停控制的步骤包括:
    请求并控制所述发动机启动,且当所述油门开度下降至第二油门开度时,延迟第一预设时长后控制所述发动机停机,所述第二油门开度小于所述第一油门开度。
  13. 根据权利要求10所述的发动机起停控制方法,其中,所述目标参数包括油门状态;
    根据所述目标参数确定是否发生发动机起停相关事件的步骤包括:
    当所述油门状态为kickdown触发状态时,确定发生所述kickdown触发;
    根据所述发动机起停相关事件及其等级进行发动机的起停控制的步骤包括:
    请求并控制所述发动机启动。
  14. 根据权利要求10所述的发动机起停控制方法,其中,所述目标参数包括车辆的当前档位、车辆的当前运行模式、驾驶员请求扭矩、电机最大可用扭矩、发动机的当前运行状态和当前车速;所述D/R档大油门加速包括D/R档大油门加速起机和D/R档大油门加速停机;
    根据所述目标参数确定是否发生发动机起停相关事件的步骤包括:
    当所述车辆的当前档位为D/R档时,根据所述发动机的当前运行状态判断所述发动机的当前状态为运行还是停机;
    当所述发动机的当前状态为停机时,根据所述当前车速和所述车辆的当前运行模式查表得到起机扭矩修正限值;
    判断所述驾驶员请求扭矩是否大于所述电机最大可用扭矩与所述起机扭矩修正限值之和,若是,则确定发生所述D/R档大油门加速起机;
    当所述发动机的当前状态为运行时,根据所述当前车速查表得到停机扭矩修正限值;
    判断所述驾驶员请求扭矩是否小于所述电机最大可用扭矩与所述停机扭矩修正限值的差值,若是,则确定发生所述D/R档大油门加速停机;
    根据所述发动机起停相关事件及其等级进行发动机的起停控制的步骤包括:
    当确定发生所述D/R档大油门加速起机时,请求并控制所述发动机启动;
    当确定发生所述D/R档大油门加速停机时,请求并控制所述发动机停机。
  15. 根据权利要求10所述的发动机起停控制方法,其中,所述目标参数包括车辆的当前运行模式和当前车速;
    根据所述目标参数确定是否发生发动机起停相关事件的步骤包括:
    当所述车辆的当前运行模式为纯电模式时,判断所述当前车速是否高于预设起机车速;
    若是,则确定发生所述纯电模式下车速过高;
    根据所述发动机起停相关事件及其等级进行发动机的起停控制的步骤包括:
    请求并控制所述发动机启动。
  16. 根据权利要求2所述的发动机起停控制方法,其中,所述发动机状态相关起停事件包括下列至少之一:
    催化器储氧能力不足,其等级为所述第二等级;
    催化器温度过高,其等级为所述第一等级;
    环境温度过高,其等级为所述第二等级;
    发动机冷却液温度过高,其等级为所述第一等级;
    发动机冷却液温度过低,其等级为所述第二等级;
    增压器涡前温度过高,其等级为所述第一等级;
    机油温度过高,其等级为所述第一等级;
    碳罐负荷过大,其等级为所述第一等级;
    发动机累积停机时间超限,其等级为所述第二等级;
    机油稀释,其等级为所述第一等级;
    催化器加热,其等级为所述第一等级;
    氧传感器闭环诊断,其等级为所述第一等级;
    燃油老化,其等级为所述第二等级。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的发动机起停控制方法,其中,
    当出现断油或空气燃油比小于预设比值时,确定发生所述催化器储氧能力不足;
    当所述催化器的温度大于第一温度阈值时,确定发生所述催化器温度过高;
    当所述环境温度大于第二温度阈值时,确定发生所述环境温度过高;
    当所述发动机冷却液温度大于第三温度阈值时,确定发生所述发动机冷却液温度过高;
    当所述发动机冷却液温度小于第四温度阈值时,确定发生所述发动机冷却液温度过低,且在启动所述发动机后保持运行直到所述发动机冷却液温度达到目标温度阈值;
    当所述增压器涡前温度大于第五温度阈值时,确定发生所述增压器涡前温度过高;
    当所述机油温度大于第六温度阈值时,确定发生所述机油温度过高;
    当所述碳罐负荷大于预设负荷时,确定发生所述碳罐负荷过大;
    当在一个驾驶循环中所述发动机累积停机时间大于预设停机时间门限值时,确定发生所述发动机累积停机时间超限,且在启动所述发动机后对所述碳罐进行冲洗;
    当机油粘度小于预设粘度值时,确定发生所述机油稀释;
    当所述催化器满足加热条件且所述发动机已启动时,确定发生所述催化器加热,且在所述发动机已运行情况下保持所述发动机运行直到所述催化器加热结束;
    当所述氧传感器有闭环诊断需求时,确定发生所述氧传感器闭环诊断,且在所述发动机已运行情况下保持所述发动机运行直到所述闭环诊断完成;
    当所述发动机的燃油天数大于燃油天数阈值时,确定发生所述燃油老化,其中,所述燃油天数阈值是根据发动机冷却液当前温度查表得到的。
  18. 根据权利要求2所述的发动机起停控制方法,其中,所述外部控制器请求起停事件的等级为所述第二等级,且所述外部控制器请求起停事件包括下列至少之一:空调控制器请求起机和驾驶员离开请求起机;
    所述目标信号包括空调控制器的起机请求信号;
    根据所述目标参数确定是否发生发动机起停相关事件的步骤包括:
    当接收到所述空调控制器的起机请求信号时,确定发生所述空调控制器请求起机;和/或
    所述目标参数包括车辆的当前运行状态、当前车速和驾驶员状态;
    根据所述目标参数确定是否发生发动机起停相关事件的步骤包括:
    当所述车辆的当前运行状态为驾驶循环激活状态、所述当前车速为0且所述驾驶员状态为离开时,确定发生所述驾驶员离开请求起机。
  19. 根据权利要求2所述的发动机起停控制方法,其中,所述其他条件相关起停事件包括下列至少之一:
    风扇控制相关起停,其等级为所述第一等级;
    工厂模式请求起停,其等级为所述第二等级;
    车辆碰撞后相关起停,其等级为所述第二等级;
    远程启动请求起停,其等级为所述第二等级;
    最小运行时间相关起停,其等级为所述第一等级;
    低电机可用扭矩,其等级为所述第二等级;
    发动机启动失败后起机,其等级为所述第二等级;
    电池故障请求起机,其等级为所述第二等级;
    电机故障请求起机,其等级为所述第二等级。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的发动机起停控制方法,其中,
    当所述发动机已运行且风扇控制的占空比高于标定阈值时,确定发生所述风扇控制相关起停,且在所述发动机已运行情况下保持所述发动机运行直到所述风扇控制的占空比低于所述标定阈值;
    当所述车辆的工厂模式被触发时,确定发生所述工厂模式请求起停;
    当所述车辆发生碰撞后,确定发生所述车辆碰撞后相关起停;
    当接收到来自驾驶员的远程启动请求时,确定发生所述远程启动请求起停;
    当所述发动机处于启动过程中或已启动成功后,确定发生所述最小运行时间相关起停,且在所述发动机已运行情况下使所述发动机保持运行至少第二预设时长;
    当所述电机的可用扭矩与所述电机的最大扭矩的比值小于预设比值时,确定发生所述低电机可用扭矩;
    当所述电池发生故障时,确定发生所述电池故障请求起机;
    当所述电机的模式不响应请求、所述电机的扭矩输出路径不响应请求或所述电机的模式为故障模式时,确定发生所述电机故障请求起机。
  21. 一种混合动力车辆的发动机起停控制装置,包括存储器和处理器,所述存储器内存储有控制程序,所述控制程序被所述处理器执行时用于实现根据权利要求1-20中任一项所述的发动机起停控制方法。
  22. 一种混合动力车辆,包括混合动力系统以及根据权利要求21所述的混合动力车辆的发动机起停控制装置。
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