WO2023019311A1 - Méthode et installation de valorisation de boue rouge - Google Patents
Méthode et installation de valorisation de boue rouge Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023019311A1 WO2023019311A1 PCT/AU2022/050914 AU2022050914W WO2023019311A1 WO 2023019311 A1 WO2023019311 A1 WO 2023019311A1 AU 2022050914 W AU2022050914 W AU 2022050914W WO 2023019311 A1 WO2023019311 A1 WO 2023019311A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- aluminium
- values
- acid
- iron
- solution
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 175
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 141
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 140
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 140
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000011260 aqueous acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 107
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001728 nano-filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012465 retentate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 159000000013 aluminium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000329 aluminium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004131 Bayer process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 34
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 24
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 15
- XTAZYLNFDRKIHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dioctyloctan-1-amine Chemical group CCCCCCCCN(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC XTAZYLNFDRKIHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N decan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCO MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 8
- STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl phosphate Chemical group CCCCOP(=O)(OCCCC)OCCCC STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XKBGEWXEAPTVCK-UHFFFAOYSA-M methyltrioctylammonium chloride Chemical group [Cl-].CCCCCCCC[N+](C)(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC XKBGEWXEAPTVCK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000005968 1-Decanol Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical group [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910001593 boehmite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- -1 but not limited to Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- SEGLCEQVOFDUPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COP(O)(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC SEGLCEQVOFDUPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 3
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 101100378709 Arabidopsis thaliana AIR3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001570 bauxite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052595 hematite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011019 hematite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005201 scrubbing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZMBHCYHQLYEYDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioctylphosphine oxide Chemical group CCCCCCCCP(=O)(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC ZMBHCYHQLYEYDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 description 2
- MGBKJKDRMRAZKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-aminobenzene-1,2-diol Chemical group NC1=CC=CC(O)=C1O MGBKJKDRMRAZKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PLLBRTOLHQQAQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-methylnonan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCO PLLBRTOLHQQAQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000005156 Dehydration Diseases 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010669 acid-base reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VXAUWWUXCIMFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M aluminum;oxygen(2-);hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[O-2].[Al+3] VXAUWWUXCIMFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005363 electrowinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009854 hydrometallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002198 insoluble material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IOQPZZOEVPZRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN IOQPZZOEVPZRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009853 pyrometallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005270 trialkylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910021642 ultra pure water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F7/00—Compounds of aluminium
- C01F7/02—Aluminium oxide; Aluminium hydroxide; Aluminates
- C01F7/04—Preparation of alkali metal aluminates; Aluminium oxide or hydroxide therefrom
- C01F7/06—Preparation of alkali metal aluminates; Aluminium oxide or hydroxide therefrom by treating aluminous minerals or waste-like raw materials with alkali hydroxide, e.g. leaching of bauxite according to the Bayer process
- C01F7/066—Treatment of the separated residue
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/80—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving an extraction step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F7/00—Compounds of aluminium
- C01F7/02—Aluminium oxide; Aluminium hydroxide; Aluminates
- C01F7/34—Preparation of aluminium hydroxide by precipitation from solutions containing aluminium salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F7/00—Compounds of aluminium
- C01F7/02—Aluminium oxide; Aluminium hydroxide; Aluminates
- C01F7/44—Dehydration of aluminium oxide or hydroxide, i.e. all conversions of one form into another involving a loss of water
- C01F7/441—Dehydration of aluminium oxide or hydroxide, i.e. all conversions of one form into another involving a loss of water by calcination
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F7/00—Compounds of aluminium
- C01F7/02—Aluminium oxide; Aluminium hydroxide; Aluminates
- C01F7/46—Purification of aluminium oxide, aluminium hydroxide or aluminates
- C01F7/47—Purification of aluminium oxide, aluminium hydroxide or aluminates of aluminates, e.g. removal of compounds of Si, Fe, Ga or of organic compounds from Bayer process liquors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G49/00—Compounds of iron
- C01G49/02—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C01G49/06—Ferric oxide [Fe2O3]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/02—Roasting processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B21/00—Obtaining aluminium
- C22B21/0015—Obtaining aluminium by wet processes
- C22B21/0023—Obtaining aluminium by wet processes from waste materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/04—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching
- C22B3/06—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching in inorganic acid solutions, e.g. with acids generated in situ; in inorganic salt solutions other than ammonium salt solutions
- C22B3/10—Hydrochloric acid, other halogenated acids or salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B3/22—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by physical processes, e.g. by filtration, by magnetic means, or by thermal decomposition
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B3/26—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds
- C22B3/28—Amines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B3/26—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds
- C22B3/28—Amines
- C22B3/282—Aliphatic amines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B3/26—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds
- C22B3/28—Amines
- C22B3/288—Quaternary ammonium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B3/26—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds
- C22B3/38—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds containing phosphorus
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B3/26—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds
- C22B3/38—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds containing phosphorus
- C22B3/382—Phosphine chalcogenides, e.g. compounds of the formula R3P=X with X = O, S, Se or Te
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B3/26—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds
- C22B3/38—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds containing phosphorus
- C22B3/384—Pentavalent phosphorus oxyacids, esters thereof
- C22B3/3846—Phosphoric acid, e.g. (O)P(OH)3
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B3/44—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by chemical processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/006—Wet processes
- C22B7/007—Wet processes by acid leaching
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B2101/00—Type of solid waste
- B09B2101/55—Slag
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/80—Compositional purity
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing valuable products from bauxite residue produced via the Bayer process, waste known as red mud. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method for recovering valuable products including but not limited to, aluminium and iron from red mud using a combination of pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy.
- Red mud is a very significant waste stream from the production of aluminium by the Bayer Process.
- Red mud is the result of the precipitation of, predominantly, iron from the alkaline solution which retains the majority of the aluminium.
- some Bayer Process operations also precipitate a significant fraction of their aluminium and silica making the red mud a poorly crystalline mixture of iron (hydr-)oxides, aluminium (hydr-)oxides and silica.
- Also reporting to red mud are any insoluble phases present in the original bauxite.
- Prior patent AU 2014339746 taught a method whereby red mud could be converted to high purity alumina (HPA), high purity iron oxides and high purity silica by a process of calcination, leaching, precipitation of iron, solvent extraction of aluminium, precipitation of aluminium and calcination to HPA.
- HPA high purity alumina
- the process taught in AU 2014339746 removes the iron from the solution by adjusting pH using a base, resulting in precipitation of the iron, but also the loss of a significant fraction of the dissolved aluminium.
- the loss of the aluminium fraction from the process stream has been considered as an impediment to widespread adoption of the process taught in AU 2014339746.
- the present invention has as one object, to provide a method which can overcome the abovementioned problems, or to at least provide a useful alternative.
- a method for recovering iron values and aluminium values from a residue comprising: optionally adjusting the pH of the residue from alkaline toward neutral; separating a solid component therefrom and calcining said solid component to produce a calcined solid; leaching the calcined solid in aqueous acid to dissolve said iron values and said aluminium values, and separating a solubilised leachate therefrom; performing on said solubilised leachate, a first solvent extraction of iron values using an iron values preferencing immiscible organic extractant to produce an iron values loaded organic extractant and a raffinate stripped of iron values; stripping iron values from said iron values loaded organic extractant into aqueous solution to form an iron values loaded aqueous solution; optionally recovering acid from or neutralising acid in said raffinate; performing a second solvent extraction of aluminium values on said raffinate using an immiscible organic extractant to produce an aluminium values loaded organic extractant; and
- step of separating said solid component and calcining said solid component are performed separately.
- said step of separating said solid component from the residue is performed using a filtration process.
- step of calcining said solid component is performed under conditions sufficient to convert aluminium values contained therein substantially to amorphous phases.
- said step of calcining said solid component is performed at a temperature of from 350 to 600 degrees Celsius, for a period of at least 0.5 hours.
- the residue is alkaline
- the step of adjusting the pH of the residue comprises adjusting the pH within a range of 7 to 10, by mixing with seawater and/or acid.
- the acid may be selected from sulphuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid or hydrochloric acid, although hydrochloric acid is most preferred.
- the step of leaching the calcined solid is performed using aqueous acid in sufficient quantity to produce said solubilised leachate containing free acid in solution.
- the step of leaching the calcined solid is performed using hydrochloric acid.
- said iron values preferencing organic extractant is selected from the group comprising liquid organophosphorus extractants, amine extractants and/or combinations thereof.
- the step of stripping iron values from said iron values loaded organic extractant into aqueous solution is performed using water. This may be followed by recovery of iron values therefrom.
- the step of recovering acid from said raffinate is performed using a nanofiltration array, wherein said acid is recovered as permeate and retentate forms said raffinate depleted of acid.
- said immiscible organic extractant is an organophosphorus extractant.
- said aluminium values loaded organic extractant is subjected to treatment with an aqueous scrub solution to remove impurities.
- the aqueous scrub solution comprises a weak acid solution and/or a solution of an aluminium salt.
- the step of stripping aluminium values from said aluminium values loaded organic extractant into aqueous solution is performed using an acidic aluminium depleted aqueous solution.
- the step of recovery of said aluminium values comprises adjusting the pH of said aluminium values loaded aqueous solution using an alkali in optimum quantity to produce an aluminous precipitate.
- This may be performed at elevated temperature or elevated temperature and elevated pressure. This may also be assisted with the introduction of aluminous seed crystals.
- the aluminous precipitate and solution is preferably aged, preferably at elevated temperature in order to agglomerate and settle the precipitate, prior to its separation by filtration from the aqueous phase.
- the solid residue can be calcined to recover purified alumina.
- the residue may be a red mud waste stream from the production of aluminium by the Bayer Process.
- red mud - Neutralisation Pre-treatment of red mud - Neutralisation [0030]
- the red mud is neutralised such that the pH of the slurry remains below around 10.5, 10.0, 9.5, 9.0, 8.5, 8.0, 7.5, or 7.0.
- the red mud is neutralised to a pH between 7.0 and 1 1 , more preferably between 7.5 and 10.5, yet more preferably between 8.0 and 10.0. Most preferably, the red mud is neutralised to a pH between 8.5 and 9.5.
- the red mud is neutralised by mixing with sea water.
- the red mud is neutralised by adding an acid.
- the acid used selected from the list: sulphuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid or hydrochloric acid. In the most preferable version, the acid used is recycled from a subsequent stage within the process.
- the neutralised red mud is calcined to render the aluminium soluble in the subsequent leaching stage.
- the calcination converts unleachable aluminium phases to amorphous phases which are soluble during leaching.
- the neutralised red mud is calcined at least at 150°C, 200°C, 250°C, 300°C, 350°C, 400°C, 450°C, 500°C, 550°C, 600°C, 650°C, or 700°C.
- the neutralised red mud is calcined at up to 800°C.
- the neutralised red mud is calcined at between 300 and 800°C, and more preferably between 400 and 700°C. Most preferably, the neutralised red mud is calcined at between 400 and 600°C.
- the neutralised red mud is calcined for a period between 0.25 and 24.0 hours, more preferably between 0.25 and 12.0 hours, more preferably between 0.25 and 6.0 hours, and yet more preferably between 0.25 and 4.0 hours. More preferably, the neutralised red mud is calcined for a period between 0.25 and 3.0 hours. Most preferably, the neutralised red mud is calcined for a period between 0.25 and 2.0 hours.
- the neutralised red mud is calcined in air.
- the neutralised red mud there will be an optimum combination of calcination conditions, particularly time and temperature which will result in the highest recovery during subsequent processing.
- the concentration of the hydrochloric acid used is between 100 g/L and saturation.
- the concentration of the hydrochloric acid used is between 1 00 g/L and 350g/L saturation. More preferably, the concentration of the hydrochloric acid used is between 150 g/L and 300g/L. Most preferably, the concentration of the hydrochloric acid used is between 200g/L and 300g/L
- the leaching occurs between 50°C and the boiling point of the acid solution, more preferably between 60°C and the boiling point of the acid solution, more preferably between 70°C and the boiling point of the acid solution, more preferably between 80°C and the boiling point of the acid solution, and yet more preferably between 90°C and the boiling point of the acid solution. Most preferably, the leaching occurs between 100°C and the boiling point of the acid solution.
- the leaching takes place at atmospheric pressure.
- the leaching takes place for between 0.05 and 6h, more preferably between 0.1 and 4h, more preferably between 0.5 and 4h, and yet more preferably, between 1 .0 and 4h. Most preferably, the leaching takes place for between 1 .0 and 3h.
- the solution will contain between 10 and 250g/L of free acid, more preferably between 10 and 150g/L of free acid, more preferably between 10 and 10Og/L of free acid, and yet more preferably, between 20 and 75g/L of free acid. Most preferably, after leaching the solution will contain between 20 and 50g/L of free acid.
- a slurry comprising acid solution and calcined red mud is formed. The density/viscosity of the slurry is a function of the solubility of target aluminium values in the calcined red mud, and slurry density/viscosity needs to be tailored to maximise the leaching of those aluminium values.
- the slurry is separated using conventional means into a solution containing the soluble elements and a solid material composed of insoluble phases.
- the solid phase will be predominantly silica-based.
- the solution is treated to selectively remove iron using solvent extraction.
- the concentration of iron extractant in the organic solution is between 0.5 and 95vol%, more preferably between 1 and 80vol%, more preferably between 5 and 70vol%, more preferably between 10 and 60vol%, and yet more preferably, between 20 and 60vol%. Most preferably, the concentration of iron extractant in the organic solution is between 30 and 60vol%.
- the iron extractant is selected from the group: liquid organophosphorus extractants, amine extractants and/or combinations thereof. While untested, it is considered that some carboxylic acids may prove suitable as iron preferencing extractants.
- the organophosphorus extractant is a derivative of phosphoric, phosphonic, phosphinic or dithiophosphinic acid.
- the amine extractant is a trialkyl amine or a quaternary amine or a derivative thereof.
- the organophosphorus extractant is tributyl phosphate, also known as TBP, with the formula OP(OC4Hg)3 and has the CAS Number 126-73-8.
- the organophosphorus extractant is trioctylphosphine oxide, also known as TOPO, with the formula OP(CsHi7)3 and has the CAS Number 78-50-2.
- the amine extractant is N,N-dioctyl-1 - octanamine, also known as Alamine 3365; Alamine 336S; Farmin 08; Octanamine; Tricaprylamine; Tridioctylamine; Tri-n-octylamine; Tri-n-caprylylamine; Trioctylamine with the CAS number 1 1 16-76-3.
- the extractant is the majority component of a mixture of tri C8-10 Alkyl Amines known as Alamine 336, CAS number 57176-40-6
- the amine extractant is N-Methyl-N,N,N- trioctylammonium chloride, also known as Aliquat 336, Starks' catalyst; Tricaprylmethylammonium chloride, Methyltrioctylammonium chloride, CAS number 63393-96-4
- 1 -decanol CH 3 (CH 2 ) 9 OH, CAS number 1 12- 30-1 , is added at 2-20volume% to the organic phase.
- 1 -decanol is added at 8-12volume% to the organic phase.
- the kerosene used contains 50-100% aliphatic hydrocarbons. In a preferred form of the invention the kerosene used contains 80-100% aliphatic hydrocarbons. In a highly preferred form of the invention the kerosene used contains 90-100% aliphatic hydrocarbons.
- the organic solution from the solvent extraction iron is treated to recover the iron. This is achieved by contacting the iron-loaded organic solution with an iron-depleted aqueous solution such that the iron transfers back in to the aqueous phase from the organic phase giving an iron-depleted organic phase and an iron-enriched aqueous phase.
- the iron-depleted aqueous solution is selected from the group: water and acid.
- the iron-depleted aqueous solution is water.
- the acid is selected from the group of mineral acids: hydrochloric, sulphuric, nitric and phosphoric, or mixtures thereof.
- the concentration of the acid used contains up to around 5g/L, 10g/L, 20g/L, or 50g/L of free acid.
- the iron-depleted aqueous solution is a solution obtained from a previous contact between an iron-depleted aqueous solution and an iron- loaded organic solution.
- the aqueous and organic phases in the solvent exchange run counter-current.
- the iron-enriched aqueous solution can be treated to produce an iron-bearing product by one, or more of the following methods: electrowinning, oxidation, precipitation and crystallisation.
- the aluminium-bearing, iron-depleted solution remaining after the iron is extracted, the raffinate is optionally treated to recover acid from the solution using one, or more, of: ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, distillation, evaporation, and solvent extraction. Whether it is justified to recover the acid, depends on the concentration of the acid in the raffinate. If the acid is too dilute, it may be more cost effective to neutralise it before sending it to tails, or simply to send it to the stockpile of red mud awaiting processing.
- the acid is removed using nanofiltration.
- the acid may be further concentrated using one, or more, of: ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, distillation and evaporation.
- the acid recovered is recycled to the, optional, initial neutralisation or the leach stage.
- the solution is treated to selectively remove aluminium from the solution using one or more of ion exchange and solvent extraction.
- the aluminium is removed using solvent extraction.
- the aluminium is transferred from the aqueous phase into an immiscible organic phase containing an extractant.
- the concentration of aluminium extractant in the organic solution is greater than 0.1vol%, 1vol%, 5vol%, 7vol%, 10vol%, 15vol%, 20vol%, 30vol%, 40vol%, or 50vol%.
- the concentration of aluminium extractant in the organic solution is between 0.5 and 50vol%, more preferably between 1 and 50vol%, more preferably between 5 and 50vol%, more preferably between 10 and 50vol%, more yet preferably between 10 and 30vol%. Most preferably, the concentration of aluminium extractant in the organic solution is between 15 and 25vol%.
- the temperature at which the Al SX operates is greater than 10°C, 15°C, 20°C, 25°C, 30°C, 35°C, 40°C, 45°C, or 50°C.
- the temperature at which the Al SX operates is between 10 and 60°C, more preferably between 20 and 50°C, and more preferably between 20 and 40°C. In a most preferred form of the invention the temperature at which the Al SX operates is between 30 and 40°C.
- the diluent is 50-100% aliphatic, more preferably 60-100% aliphatic, more preferably 70-100% aliphatic, and more preferably 80-100% aliphatic. In a highly preferred form of the invention the diluent is 90-100% aliphatic.
- the aluminium extractant is selected from the group: liquid organophosphorus extractants or combinations thereof.
- the organophosphorus extractant is a derivative of phosphoric, phosphonic, phosphinic or dithiophosphinic acid.
- the organophosphorus extractant is Bis(2-ethylhexyl) hydrogen phosphate (also known as, Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid, Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate, Bis(2- ethylhexyl) hydrophosphoric acid, BEHPA, BEHP, BEHHPA, BEHHP, Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid, DEHPA, D2EHPA, (CsHnO ⁇ PC H and has the CAS Number 298-07- 7).
- Bis(2-ethylhexyl) hydrogen phosphate also known as, Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid, Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate, Bis(2- ethylhexyl) hydrophosphoric acid, BEHPA, BEHP, BEHHPA, BEHHP, Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid, DEHPA
- Phase Modifier Preferences [0082] In one preferred form of the invention a phase modifier is added to prevent formation of three phases during the extraction process.
- the phase modifier is present at 1 - 50vol%, more preferably at 2.5-40vol%, more preferably at 5-30vol%, and more preferably at 5-20vol%. In a most preferred form of the invention the phase modifier is present at 5-15vol%.
- the phase modifier is an organic alcohol.
- the phase modifier is 1 -decanol (isodecanol, n-decanol, CAS 112-30-1 , C10H22O).
- the phase modifier is tributyl phosphate (TBP, CAS 126-73-8, C12H27O4P).
- a base may be added to overcome protons evolved during the solvent extraction.
- the organic solution from the solvent extraction aluminium is treated to recover unwanted impurities. This is achieved by contacting the aluminium-loaded organic solution with an aqueous scrub solution such that the impurities transfer into the aqueous phase from the organic phase giving an impurity-depleted organic phase and an impurity- enriched aqueous phase.
- the scrub solution is a weak acid.
- the acid is selected from the group: sulphuric, hydrochloric, nitric, phosphoric acid. More preferably, the acid is sulphuric acid. Most preferably, the acid is hydrochloric acid.
- the scrub solution is a solution of aluminium which is substantially free of the impurities. Most preferably, the scrub solution is the aluminium solution obtained by stripping the loaded organic.
- the optimum conditions for scrubbing will vary according to the level and nature of the impurities present within the organic phase.
- the pH of the acid scrub solution should be sufficient to selectively extract the impurities whilst leaving the aluminium within the organic phase.
- the optimum aluminium concentration in the scrub solution will vary according to the level and nature of impurities present within the organic phase.
- the aluminium concentration should be sufficient to selectively extract the impurities whilst leaving the aluminium within the organic phase.
- the pH of the impurity-enriched aqueous phase is between 0.5 and 4.
- the pH range is defined by the solvent extraction isotherm, and the most suitable narrow pH range will vary according to the ionic strength of the aqueous phase and the particular ions that are present as impurities.
- the aluminium concentration in the scrub solution is between 0.1 g/L and saturation of the relevant salt, more preferably between 1 .Og/L and saturation of the relevant salt, more preferably between 5. Og/L and saturation of the relevant salt, more preferably between 10g/L and saturation of the relevant salt, more preferably between 25g/L and saturation of the relevant salt, more preferably between 50g/L and saturation of the relevant salt, more preferably between 75g/L and saturation of the relevant salt, and more preferably between 10Og/L and saturation of the relevant salt.
- the aluminium concentration in the scrub solution is between 150g/L and saturation of the relevant salt.
- the organic solution from the solvent extraction aluminium is treated to recover the aluminium. This is achieved by contacting the aluminium-loaded organic solution with an aluminium-depleted aqueous solution such that the aluminium transfers back in to the aqueous phase from the organic phase giving an aluminium-depleted organic phase and an aluminium-enriched aqueous phase.
- the aluminium-depleted aqueous solution is an acidic solution.
- the acid is selected from the group of mineral acids: hydrochloric, sulphuric, nitric and phosphoric, or mixtures thereof.
- the acid is sulphuric acid.
- the acid is hydrochloric acid.
- the concentration of the acid used will be between 10 and 1000g/L of free acid, more preferably between 20 and 500g/L of free acid, more preferably between 25 and 250g/L of free acid, and yet more preferably between 50 and 200g/L of free acid. Most preferably, the concentration of the acid used will be between 50 and 150g/L of free acid.
- the pH of the aluminium-enriched aqueous solution after contact will be between 0 and 3, more preferably between 0.5 and 3, more preferably between 1 .0 and 3, more preferably between 1 .5 and 3, and more preferably between 2.0 and 3. Most preferably, the pH of the aluminium-enriched aqueous solution after contact will be between 2.0 and 2.5.
- the aluminium-enriched aqueous solution can be treated to produce an aluminium-bearing product by one, or more of the following methods: precipitation and crystallisation.
- the aluminium is recovered by precipitation.
- the precipitation is achieved by raising the pH to a range of 4- 11 , more preferably?- 10, and yet more preferably to a range of 8-10. Most preferably, the precipitation is achieved by raising the pH to a range of 9-10.
- aluminium is amphoteric and is soluble in both acid and alkaline solutions.
- the optimum pH is below that where the solubility substantially increases due to formation of the tetrahydroaluminate ion, AI(OH) 4 -.
- the precipitating agent is selected from the list: sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, ammonia, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium oxide.
- the precipitating agent is soluble in water.
- the precipitating agent is aqueous ammonia, NH4OH.
- the precipitating agent is anhydrous ammonia.
- the precipitation produces pseudoboehmite.
- the precipitation will be performed at elevated temperature.
- the precipitation will be performed between 30°C and the boiling point of the solution, more preferably between 40°C and the boiling point of the solution, more preferably between 50°C and the boiling point of the solution, more preferably between 60°C and the boiling point of the solution, more preferably between 70°C and the boiling point of the solution, and yet more preferably between 80°C and the boiling point of the solution.
- the precipitation will be performed between 90°C and the boiling point of the solution.
- the precipitation may also take place in an autoclave utilising an elevated pressure to prevent the boiling of the solution above its boiling point at atmospheric pressure.
- the precipitate will be aged at elevated temperature.
- the aging will be performed between 30°C and the boiling point of the solution, more preferably between 40°C and the boiling point of the solution, more preferably between 50°C and the boiling point of the solution, more preferably between 60°C and the boiling point of the solution, more preferably between 70°C and the boiling point of the solution, and yet more preferably between 80°C and the boiling point of the solution. Most preferably the aging will be performed between 90°C and the boiling point of the solution.
- the aging will have a duration of more than 30min.
- the aging will have a duration between 60min and 72h, more preferably between 2h and 72h, and yet more preferably between 4h and 48h. Most preferably the aging will have a duration between 8h and 24h.
- the aging of the precipitate may also take place in an autoclave utilising an elevated pressure to prevent the boiling of the solution above its boiling point at atmospheric pressure.
- seed crystals are added to the precipitation stage.
- the seed crystals may be derived by recycling the finer particle sizes separated from the product precipitate.
- the precipitate is washed prior to drying and/or calcination.
- the washing solution is high purity water.
- the precipitate is separated from the solution, and calcined to drive off water and produce alumina, AI2O3.
- the precipitate is dried prior to calcination.
- calcination occurs in two stages. In the first stage, the precipitate is dehydrated to AI2O3. In the second stage, the AI2O3 is transformed to the alpha-A Os crystalline form. In a highly preferred form, both stages of calcination occur within a single piece of equipment through which the precipitate proceeds or is transported.
- the precipitate is calcined at above 300°C, more preferably at above 400°C, and more preferably at above 500°C.
- the precipitate is calcined between 600 and 1400°C, more preferably between 800 and 1400°C, more preferably between 1000 and 1400°C, more preferably between 1000 and 1300°C, and yet more preferably between 1100 and 1300°C. Most preferably, the precipitate is calcined between 1 150 and 1250°C.
- the precipitate is calcined for between 15 minutes and 6 hours, more preferably between 30 minutes and 6 hours, more preferably between 45 minutes and 6 hours, and yet more preferably between 1 hour and 4 hours. Most preferably, the precipitate is calcined for between 2 hours and 4 hours.
- a single calcination stage may incorporate both calcination stages simply by moving the precipitate through the calciner. The initial stage of dehydration will occur whilst the precipitate is heating up to the temperature required for the second stage.
- the red mud from tails 1 is fed into a tank 2 where it slurried with hydrochloric acid fed from feed line 3 in order to reduce the pH to around 9.5.
- neutralisation of the red mud is believed to reduce the free sodium hydroxide present in the red mud by a simple acid-base reaction.
- the sodium hydroxide is also likely to undergo different chemical reactions reducing the subsequent solubility of aluminium.
- the neutralised slurry is pumped into a filter 4 where the excess solution is drained to a waste holding tank 5 for disposal.
- the filter cake 6 is recovered from the filter 4 and fed into a rotary kiln calciner 7 where it is heated to 500°C for one hour in order to increase the solubility of the aluminium. Whilst not wishing to be bound by theory it is believed that calcination converts boehmite to an amorphous phase which is more readily acid soluble.
- the calcined product 8 is fed into a reactor 9 along with 20% hydrochloric acid provided by feed line 10 and heated for 3h at 100°C such that the aluminium and iron dissolve whilst the silica remains largely insoluble.
- the leach slurry is pumped into a filter 1 1 , the aluminium bearing solution proceeds via feed line 13 to the iron loading stage reactor 14 of the Fe Solvent Extraction (FeSX) circuit, whilst the leach residue is discarded to tails 12.
- the iron-bearing solution is mixed with a solution of iron extractant comprising 50 vol% Alamine 336 and 10% 1 -decanol dissolved in kerosene input 15 from the FeSX strip stage reactor 19 of the FeSX circuit. Mixing takes place for 60 seconds during which the iron transfers from the aqueous phase into the organic phase whilst aluminium remains in the aqueous phase.
- the phases are allowed to settle, the iron-depleted aqueous phase proceeds via feed line 16 to acid recovery 17 whilst the iron-loaded organic phase 18 moves into the FeSX strip stage reactor 19 where it was mixed with water provided by water feed line 20 for 60 seconds transferring the iron from the organic to the water resulting in regenerated Alamine 336 which is recycled to the FeSX loading stage via feed line 15 and an iron bearing aqueous solution which proceeds to further processing 21 .
- solvent extraction processes are most commonly conducted in several stages with the organic and aqueous phases moving in a counter-current manner. This arrangement is the most efficient at maximising the recovery of the metal of interest whilst also maximising the concentration of metal within the organic phase.
- the aqueous feed is contacted with an organic phase within which there is also a high, but not maximised, concentration of metal, a small amount of metal is transferred into the organic maximising the concentration of metal within the organic.
- the fully loaded organic phase then proceeds to scrub or stripping stages.
- the slightly depleted aqueous phase proceeds to a second stage where it is contacted with an organic phase which is less concentrated and further metal transfers increasing the concentration within the organic. Such stages continue until the largely depleted aqueous phase is contacted with freshly regenerated organic from the strip stages.
- the acid recovery unit 17 is a nanofiltration array which reduces the acid concentration in the aluminium-bearing solution resulting in hydrochloric acid permeate which is recycled within the process to feed line 3 and 10. Additional hydrochloric acid reagent may be added from a reagent tank (not shown) to compensate for losses and for initial plant start up.
- the retentate comprising acid-depleted aluminium-bearing solution proceeds via feed line 22 into a mixer 23 being part of an Al Solvent Extraction (Al SX) circuit along with a 20 vol% solution of aluminium extractant D2EHPA and 10 vol% of tributyl phosphate in kerosene 24.
- the aluminium-bearing aqueous solution and the organic phase are mixed for 120 seconds during which the aluminium transfers from the acid-depleted aluminium-bearing solution into the organic phase releasing protons.
- An ammoniacal solution 25 is added to prevent lowering of the pH.
- the then aluminium-depleted aqueous phase is separated from the aluminium-loaded organic phase and disposed to waste 26.
- the aluminium-loaded organic phase is pumped via feed line 27 into a reactor 28 along with a concentrated aluminium solution using feed line 29.
- the concentrated aluminium solution may be a small volume derived from the aluminium strip solution 33. Any impurities co-extracted with the aluminium in the loading stage 23 will be displaced from the organic phase by the aluminium in the aqueous solution 29.
- the impurity enriched solution 30 is disposed of, or recycled within the process.
- the impurity-depleted organic phase 31 is then mixed with hydrochloric acid from feed line 16 in a reactor 32 forming part of the Al SX circuit.
- the aluminium is transferred from the organic 31 to an aqueous solution 33 regenerating the extractant which is recycled using feed line 24.
- the Al SX circuit is also conducted in several stages with the organic and aqueous phases moving in a counter-current manner.
- the aluminium solution 33 is fed into a precipitation unit 34 along with an ammonia solution 35 to form an aluminium precipitate. Precipitation may be assisted by adding seed crystals derived from solids 39 from the following separation stage.
- the resultant slurry 36 is fed into a filter 37 where the solution 38 and solids 39 are separated.
- the solid filter cake within the filter 37 may be washed with water 40 prior to discharge, the wash water being combined with the filtrate 38.
- the solids 39 are fed into a calciner 41 and heated at 1250°C for 4 hours to convert the precipitate to high purity alumina 42.
- the red mud had an initial pH of ⁇ 10.5.
- the red mud was slurried using a minimum volume of sea water and further seawater was added until the pH was ⁇ 9.5.
- the volume of neutralising agent added in this case seawater, will vary according to the red mud being processed.
- After filtering and drying the neutralised red mud the analysis in Table 1 was obtained.
- the mass of the red mud increased due to the presence of the salts in the seawater remaining in the solid after neutralisation, as indicated by the increase in Na and Mg.
- a sample of neutralised and calcined red mud was prepared using the methodology outlined in Example 1 .
- 6.2L of 32% hydrochloric acid were heated to ⁇ 80°C and 333g of calcine added, further batches of 333g were added at 10 and 20minutes for a total of 1000g of calcine.
- the solution was heated for a total of 60min at which time the solution was allowed to cool, filtered and analysed.
- the major elements in solution (>1 .Og/L) were 21.6g/L Al, 22.35g/L Fe, 3.35g/L Ca and 2.67g/L Na.
- the aluminium recovery was found to be 71 % and iron recovery was 84%.
- the final acid concentration was 210g HCI/L.
- a solution was prepared by leaching red mud in concentrated hydrochloric acid for 1 h at 95°C and filtering.
- the solution contained 22.35g/L Fe and 21.60g/L Al. 2000mL of this solution was mixed for 60s with 1997mL of a water-immiscible solution containing 50vol% Alamine 336 dissolved in kerosene. Analysis of the aqueous phase after the phases were settled and separated showed 0.008g/L of Fe and 21 ,6g/L Al.
- a solution of iron-free aluminium was obtained from leaching a sample of red mud in hydrochloric acid for 1 h at 95°C, filtering and removing iron by precipitation.
- the solution contained 7.52g/L of Al.
- 500mL of this solution was mixed with 500mL of a water-immiscible solution containing 20vol% D2EHPA and 10vol% TBP dissolved in kerosene.
- 84mL of a sodium hydroxide solution was added to maintain the pH at ⁇ 2.0. Once the pH was stable, the phases were settled and separated, the aqueous solution contained 2.32g/L Al.
- Clearly 64% of the aluminium had been transferred from the aqueous solution to the organic solution in a single extraction stage.
- the organic phase was then mixed with 100mL of ultrapure water and 55.5mL of ultrapure HCI added to give a pH of 1.0, sufficient for the aluminium to be largely extracted from the organic back into the aqueous phase.
- the resultant aqueous phase contained 9.53g/L of aluminium, thus 57% of the Al was stripped in a single stage.
- EXAMPLE 5 A solution of aluminium containing 9.53g/L Al was obtained by stripping an Al-loaded organic phase. The solution was heated to 80°C and 25% NH3 solution added slowly until the pH was 6-7. The slurry was held at >80°C for 1 h prior to recovering the precipitate by filtration. The aqueous filtrate was analysed and found to contain 0.0003g/L of Al, >99.99% of the aluminium had been precipitated indicating the effectiveness of the process for recovering aluminium.
- the precipitate formed was calcined for 4h at 1250°C and analysed. X-ray diffraction showed that the final product was a-alumina. The solid product was dissolved and analysed to show that total impurities were ⁇ 100ppm indicating that the HPA was >99.99% AI2O3.
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AU2022329885A AU2022329885A1 (en) | 2021-08-19 | 2022-08-17 | Method and plant for valorising red mud |
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US20230045286A1 (en) * | 2019-01-24 | 2023-02-09 | Elixsys, Inc. | Systems and Methods to Recover Value-Added Materials from Gypsum |
CN116716480A (zh) * | 2023-06-12 | 2023-09-08 | 广西华银铝业有限公司 | 一种高酸浸出结晶沉淀法回收赤泥中多种金属的方法 |
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US20150275330A1 (en) * | 2012-01-10 | 2015-10-01 | Orbite Aluminae Inc. | Processes for treating red mud |
US20160289791A1 (en) * | 2013-10-21 | 2016-10-06 | Peloton Resources Pty Ltd | Deriving high value products from waste red mud |
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- 2022-08-17 CA CA3230349A patent/CA3230349A1/fr active Pending
- 2022-08-17 WO PCT/AU2022/050914 patent/WO2023019311A1/fr active Application Filing
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Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20150275330A1 (en) * | 2012-01-10 | 2015-10-01 | Orbite Aluminae Inc. | Processes for treating red mud |
US20160289791A1 (en) * | 2013-10-21 | 2016-10-06 | Peloton Resources Pty Ltd | Deriving high value products from waste red mud |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20230045286A1 (en) * | 2019-01-24 | 2023-02-09 | Elixsys, Inc. | Systems and Methods to Recover Value-Added Materials from Gypsum |
US11912582B2 (en) * | 2019-01-24 | 2024-02-27 | Davy Powersports Inc. | Systems and methods to recover value-added materials from gypsum |
CN116716480A (zh) * | 2023-06-12 | 2023-09-08 | 广西华银铝业有限公司 | 一种高酸浸出结晶沉淀法回收赤泥中多种金属的方法 |
CN116716480B (zh) * | 2023-06-12 | 2024-01-02 | 广西华银铝业有限公司 | 一种高酸浸出结晶沉淀法回收赤泥中多种金属的方法 |
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CA3230349A1 (fr) | 2023-02-23 |
AU2022329885A1 (en) | 2024-03-07 |
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