Classifications

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  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D401/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
  • A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
  • A61K31/4439—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a five-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. omeprazole
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/535—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one oxygen as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. 1,2-oxazines
  • A61K31/5375—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine
  • A61K31/5383—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
  • A61P1/04—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for ulcers, gastritis or reflux esophagitis, e.g. antacids, inhibitors of acid secretion, mucosal protectants
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D405/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D405/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing three or more hetero rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D413/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
  • C07D413/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
  • C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
  • C07D417/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D498/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D498/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D498/04—Ortho-condensed systems

Definitions

• NICOTINAMIDE RIPK1 INHIBITORS RELATED APPLICATION [0001] This application claims the benfit of priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.63/231,590, filed August 10, 2021, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
• BACKGROUND [0002] Receptor–interacting protein kinase (RIPK1) is a key regulator of inflammation involved in the induction of necroptosis, apoptosis, and pro–inflammatory cytokine production. Necroptosis is a pro–inflammatory form of regulated cell death characterized by breakdown of the cellular membrane and the release of intracellular contents into the local cellular environment.
• DAMPs damage associated molecular patterns
• TNF tumor necrosis factor
• FAS/TRAIL TNF superfamily members
• TLRs TLR3/TLR4
• Ring G at least one of G 1 , G 2 , G 3 , and G 4 is N or NR N2 .
• at least one of G 2 or G 3 is N or NR N2 .
• at least two of G 1 , G 2 , G 3 , and G 4 are N or NR N2 .
• Ring G is a diazole.
• G 2 and G 3 are each independently N or NR N2 .
• Ring G is a triazole.
• G 2 , G 3 , and G 4 are each independently N or NR N2 .
• R N2 is alkyl or haloalkyl.
• one of G 1 and G 2 is CR G1 .
• R G1 is methyl or cyclopropyl.
• R 4 is hydrogen.
• R 5 is hydrogen, alkoxy, or haloalkyl.
• R 5 is hydrogen, methyl, methoxy, or difluoromethyl. In still further embodiments, R 5 is hydrogen.
• R N1 is hydrogen or methyl.
• R N1 is hydrogen; alternatively, in some embodiments, R N1 is methyl.
• R 2A and R 2B are each hydrogen.
• one of R 2A and R 2B is hydrogen and the other is fluoro.
• n is 0 or 1.
• R 3 is halo.
• n is 0.
• R 1 is hydrogen.
• each R P1 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and unsubstituted C 1–4 alkyl.
• each R P1 is hydrogen.
• each R P1 can be unsubstituted C 1–4 alkyl.
• the compound is selected from the following table:
• Fig.1 depicts a modeled binding mode of a compound of Formula (I), wherein R 1 is hydrogen, in the ATP (adenoside triphosphate) binding pocket of RIPK1, providing a working hypothesis for the observed RIPK1 binding activity and selectivity over other kinases.
• Fig.2 contains a plot that shows prodrug loss, based on peak area ratios, for Example 19.
• Fig. 3 contains a plot that shows parent formation, based on peak area ratios, for Example 19. The inhibition of phosphatase activity by 1 mM orthovanadate as demonstrated by effect on parent formation is also shown.
• DEFINITIONS Definitions of specific functional groups and chemical terms are described in more detail below. The chemical elements are identified in accordance with the Periodic Table of the Elements, CAS version, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 75 th Ed., inside cover, and specific functional groups are generally defined as described therein.
• compositions described herein may comprise one or more asymmetric centers, and thus may exist in various stereoisomeric forms, e.g., enantiomers and/or diastereomers and/or geometric (cis/trans or E/Z) isomers in a composition.
• compositions may comprise a mixture of stereoisomers, including racemic (equal) mixtures, mixtures enriched in one or more stereoisomer, or may comprise an individual stereoisomer in substantially pure (>99%) form.
• “enriched” refers to a composition which comprises greater than (>) 50% of one stereoisomer over the sum total of other stereoisomer(s) which may be present in the composition.
• a composition may comprise >60%, >65%, >70%, >75%, >80%, >85%, >90%, >91%, >92%, >93%, >94%, >95%, >96%, >97%, >98%, >99%, >99.5%, >99.9%, or even up to 100% of one stereoisomer over the sum total of other stereoisomer(s) which may be present in the composition; or may comprise 0% or less than ( ⁇ ) 0.1%, ⁇ 0.5%, ⁇ 1%, ⁇ 2%, ⁇ 3%, ⁇ 4%, ⁇ 5%, ⁇ 6%, ⁇ 7%, ⁇ 8%, ⁇ 9%, ⁇ 10%, ⁇ 15%, ⁇ 20%, ⁇ 25%, ⁇ 30%, ⁇ 35%, ⁇ 40%, ⁇ 45%, or ⁇ 50% of one stereoisomer over the sum total of other stereoisomer(s) which may be present in the composition.
• calculating enriched amounts of any of the stereoisomer(s), if provided as pharmaceutically acceptable salt(s) in a composition are based on the hypothetical amount of free base form.
• a composition is enriched in its (S)-enantiomer.
• a composition is enriched in its (R)-enantiomer.
• structures depicted herein are also meant to include compounds that differ only in the presence of one or more isotopically enriched atoms.
• C 1–6 alkyl is intended to encompass, C 1 , C 2 , C 3 , C 4 , C 5 , C 6 , C 1– 6 , C 1–5 , C 1–4 , C 1–3 , C 1–2 , C 2–6 , C 2–5 , C 2–4 , C 2–3 , C 3–6 , C 3–5 , C 3–4 , C 4–6 , C 4–5 , and C 5–6 alkyl.
• Alkyl refers to a monovalent radical of a straight–chain or branched saturated hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms (“C 1–4 alkyl”).
• an alkyl group has 1 to 3 carbon atoms (“C 1–3 alkyl”). In some embodiments, an alkyl group has 1 to 2 carbon atoms (“ C 1–2 alkyl”). In some embodiments, an alkyl group has 1 carbon atom (“C 1 alkyl”). Examples of C 1–4 alkyl groups include methyl (C 1 ), ethyl (C 2 ), n–propyl (C 3 ), isopropyl (C 3 ), n–butyl (C 4 ), tert–butyl (C 4 ), sec–butyl (C 4 ), and iso–butyl (C 4 ) groups.
• Haloalkyl is an alkyl group wherein one or more of the hydrogen atoms are independently replaced by a halogen, e.g., fluoro, bromo, chloro, or iodo.
• Perhaloalkyl is a subset of haloalkyl, and refers to an alkyl group wherein all of the hydrogen atoms are independently replaced by a halogen, e.g., fluoro, bromo, chloro, or iodo.
• the haloalkyl moiety has 1 to 4 carbon atoms (“ C 1–4 haloalkyl”).
• the haloalkyl moiety has 1 to 3 carbon atoms (“C 1–3 haloalkyl”). In some embodiments, the haloalkyl moiety has 1 to 2 carbon atoms (“C 1–2 haloalkyl”). In some embodiments, all of the haloalkyl hydrogen atoms are replaced with fluoro to provide a perfluoroalkyl group. Examples of haloalkyl groups include –CF 3 , –CHF 2 , –CFH 2 , –CF 2 CF 3 , –CH 2 CF 3 , –CF 2 CF 2 CF 3 , –CCl 3 , – CFCl 2 , and –CF 2 Cl.
• Carbocyclyl or “carbocyclic” refers to a monovalent radical of a monocyclic, non– aromatic, 3– to 6– membered ring system having from 3 to 6 ring carbon atoms (“ C 3–6 carbocyclyl”) and zero ring heteroatoms.
• a carbocyclyl group has 3 to 4 ring carbon atoms (“ C 3–4 carbocyclyl”).
• a carbocyclyl group has 4 to 6 ring carbon atoms (“ C 4–6 carbocyclyl”).
• a carbocyclyl group has 5 to 6 ring carbon atoms (“C 5–6 carbocyclyl”).
• Exemplary C 3–6 carbocyclyl groups include, without limitation, cyclopropyl (C 3 ), cyclopropenyl ( C 3 ), cyclobutyl (C 4 ), cyclobutenyl (C 4 ), cyclopentyl (C 5 ), cyclopentenyl (C 5 ), cyclohexyl (C 6 ), cyclohexenyl (C 6 ), and cyclohexadienyl (C 6 ).
• Heterocyclyl refers to a monovalent radical of a monocyclic, non– aromatic, 4– to 6–membered ring system having ring carbon atoms and 1 to 3 ring heteroatoms, wherein each heteroatom is independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur (“4– to 6– membered heterocyclyl”).
• Exemplary 4–membered heterocyclyl groups containing 1 heteroatom include, without limitation, azetidinyl, oxetanyl and thietanyl.
• Exemplary 5– membered heterocyclyl groups containing 1 heteroatom include, without limitation, tetrahydrofuranyl, dihydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothiophenyl, dihydrothiophenyl, pyrrolidinyl, and dihydropyrrolyl.
• Exemplary 5–membered heterocyclyl groups containing 2 heteroatoms include, without limitation, dioxolanyl, oxathiolanyl and dithiolanyl.
• Exemplary 5–membered heterocyclyl groups containing 3 heteroatoms include, without limitation, triazolinyl, oxadiazolinyl, and thiadiazolinyl.
• Exemplary 6–membered heterocyclyl groups containing 1 heteroatom include, without limitation, piperidinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, dihydropyridinyl, and thianyl.
• Exemplary 6–membered heterocyclyl groups containing 2 heteroatoms include, without limitation, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, dithianyl, and dioxanyl.
• Exemplary 6–membered heterocyclyl groups containing 3 heteroatoms include, without limitation, triazinanyl.
• a “5–membered heteroaryl” refers to a radical of a 5 membered monocyclic 4n+2 aromatic ring system (e.g., having 6 pi electrons shared in a cyclic array) having ring carbon atoms and 1–3 ring heteroatoms provided in the aromatic ring system, wherein each heteroatom is independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
• the point of attachment can be a carbon or nitrogen atom, as valency permits.
• the 5–membered heteroaryl has 1–3 ring heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
• the 5–membered heteroaryl has 2 ring heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, the 5– membered heteroaryl has 1 ring heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
• Exemplary 5– membered heteroaryl groups containing 1 heteroatom include, without limitation, pyrrolyl, furanyl and thiophenyl.
• Exemplary 5–membered heteroaryl groups containing 2 heteroatoms include, without limitation, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, and isothiazolyl.
• Exemplary 5–membered heteroaryl groups containing 3 heteroatoms include, without limitation, triazolyl, oxadiazolyl, and thiadiazolyl.
• Halo refers to fluorine (fluoro, –F), chlorine (chloro, –Cl), bromine (bromo, –Br), or iodine (iodo, –I).
• Substituted means that the specified group or moiety bears one or more substituents. Where any group may carry multiple substituents, and a variety of possible substituents is provided, the substituents are independently selected, and need not to be the same.
• substituents include, but are not limited to, hydroxyl, halo, cyano, nitro, thiol, alkyl, alkenyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, aryl, heteroarylalkyl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, phosphate, phosponate, amino, amido, carboxylate, and ester.
• “Unsubstituted” means that the specified group bears no substituents.
• Optionally and independently substituted means that the specified group may or may not be further substituted by one or more substituents and that those substituents need not to be the same, if more than one substituent is present.
• Salt refers to any and all salts, and is produced from the ionic complexation of a basic compound with an inorganic or organic acid, or an acidic compound with an inorganic or organic base, to provide a compound which is electronically neutral.
• “Pharmaceutically acceptable salt” refers to those salts which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of humans and lower animals without undue toxicity, irritation, allergic response and the like, and are commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio. See also Berge et al., J. Pharmaceutical Sciences (1977) 66:1–19.
• a “free base” of a compound is the neutral and salt–free form of the compound.
• a compound of Formula (I) may be a salt (e.g., a pharmaceutically acceptable salt). In certain embodiments, e.g., in the absence of reference to a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, a compound of Formula (I) may be present as the free base form.
• a “leaving group” refers to a molecular fragment that departs with a pair of electrons in heterolytic bond cleavage wherein the molecular fragment is an anion or neutral molecule. A “leaving group” also refers to a molecular fragment which departs via a cross–coupling reaction.
• Exemplary leaving groups which depart with a pair of electrons in heterolytic bond cleavage include, but are not limited to, halo (e.g., chloro, bromo, iodo) and activated hydroxyl groups, such as a trifluoromethanesulfonyl activated hydroxyl group (–OTf) 4–toluenesulfonyl activated hydroxyl group (–OTs), methanesulfonyl activated hydroxyl group (–OMs), benzenesulfonyl activated hydroxyl group (–OBs), or –OS(O) 2 OCH 3 .
• halo e.g., chloro, bromo, iodo
• activated hydroxyl groups such as a trifluoromethanesulfonyl activated hydroxyl group (–OTf) 4–toluenesulfonyl activated hydroxyl group (—OTs), methanesulfony
• Exemplary leaving groups which depart via a cross–coupling reaction include, but are not limited to, boronic acids or boronic esters (e.g., a dioxoborolane group, e.g., tetramethyl dioxoborolane), trialkyl stannanes (e.g., (R') 3 Sn–, wherein R' is C 1–3 alkyl), and halo (e.g., chloro, bromo, iodo).
• Hydroxyl protecting groups are well known in the art and include those described in detail in Protecting Groups in Organic Synthesis, T. W. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts, 3 rd edition, John Wiley & Sons, 1999.
• hydroxyl protecting groups include but are not limited to, methoxylmethyl (MOM), methylthiomethyl (MTM), t–butylthiomethyl, (phenyldimethylsilyl)methoxymethyl (SMOM), benzyloxymethyl (BOM), p– methoxybenzyloxymethyl (PMBM), (4–methoxyphenoxy)methyl (p–AOM), guaiacolmethyl (GUM), t–butoxymethyl, 4–pentenyloxymethyl (POM), siloxymethyl, 2–methoxyethoxymethyl (MEM), 2,2,2–trichloroethoxymethyl, bis(2–chloroethoxy)methyl, 2– (trimethylsilyl)ethoxymethyl (SEMOR), tetrahydropyranyl (THP), 3–bromotetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl, 1–methoxycyclohexyl, 4–methoxyte
• MOM methoxy
• a “subject” refers to a mammal, and includes, but is not limited to, humans (i.e., a male or female of any age group, e.g., a pediatric subject (e.g., infant, child, adolescent) or adult subject (e.g., young adult, middle–aged adult or senior adult)) and/or other non–human mammals, for example, primates (e.g., cynomolgus monkeys, rhesus monkeys), cats, and/or dogs.
• humans i.e., a male or female of any age group, e.g., a pediatric subject (e.g., infant, child, adolescent) or adult subject (e.g., young adult, middle–aged adult or senior adult)
• other non–human mammals for example, primates (e.g., cynomolgus monkeys, rhesus monkeys), cats, and/or dogs.
• Treatment refers to an action that occurs while a subject is suffering from the disease, and which reduces the severity of the disease, or retards or slows the progression of the disease or associated symptoms.
• An “effective amount” of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is an amount, alone or in combination with other therapies, which provides a therapeutic benefit in the treatment of a disease from which the subject suffers, or to delay or minimize one or more symptoms associated with the disease from which the subject suffers.
• Compounds of Formula (I) may selectively bind to and inhibit RIPK1 (see FIG. 1; RIPK1 Binding Assay in Assays and Activity Data). By inhibiting RIPK1, the compounds of the invention may prevent TNF-induced necroptosis (see U937 TNF/zVAD Cytotoxicity Cell Assay in Assays and Activity Data).
• Compounds of Formula (I) may further comprise one or more stereocenters. In certain embodiments, the compound comprises a stereocenter on the carbon to which group OR 1 is attached. For example, in certain embodiments, the compound is a stereoisomer of Formula (I– a), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• the compound is a stereoisomer of Formula (I–b), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• Ring G [0048] In certain embodiments, in Ring G, at least one of G 1 , G 2 , G 3 , and G 4 is N or NR N2 . [0049] In certain embodiments, in Ring G, at least one of G 2 or G 3 is N or NR N2 . [0050] In certain embodiments, in Ring G, at least two of G 1 , G 2 , G 3 , and G 4 is N or NR N2 . [0051] In certain such embodiments, Ring G is a diazole. In certain such embodiments, G 2 and G 3 are each independently N or NR N2 .
• Ring G is a triazole.
• G 2 , G 3 , and G 4 are each independently N or NR N2 .
• R N2 is alkyl or haloalkyl.
• one of G 1 and G 2 is CR G1 .
• R G1 is methyl or cyclopropyl.
• R 4 and R 5 are hydrogen.
• R 5 is hydrogen, alkoxy, or haloalkyl.
• R 5 is hydrogen, methyl, methoxy, or difluoromethyl.
• R 5 may be hydrogen.
• R N1 [0059] In certain embodiments, R N1 is hydrogen or methyl.
• R N1 may be hydrogen. Alternatively, R N1 is methyl.
• R 2A and R 2B [0060] In certain embodiments, R 2A and R 2B are each hydrogen. Alternatively, one of R 2A and R 2B is hydrogen and the other is fluoro.
• each R P1 may be hydrogen.
• each R P1 may be unsubstituted C 1–4 alkyl.
• at least one of G 2 or G 3 is N or NR N2 ;
• R 4 is hydrogen;
• R 5 is hydrogen, alkoxy, or haloalkyl;
• R N1 is hydrogen or methyl;
• R 2A and R 2B are each hydrogen;
• n is 0 or 1; and
• R 1 is hydrogen.
• G 2 or G 3 is N or NR N2 ;
• R 4 is hydrogen;
• R 5 is hydrogen, alkoxy, or haloalkyl;
• R N1 is hydrogen or methyl;
• R 2A and R 2B are each hydrogen;
• n is 0 or 1; and
• G 2 or G 3 is N or NR N2 ;
• R 4 is hydrogen;
• R 5 is hydrogen, alkoxy, or haloalkyl;
• R N1 is hydrogen or methyl;
• R 2A and R 2B are each hydrogen;
• n is 0 or 1; and
• each R P1 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and unsubstituted C 1–4 alkyl.
• each R P1 is H.
• G 2 or G 3 is N or NR N2 ;
• R 4 is hydrogen;
• R 5 is hydrogen, alkoxy, or haloalkyl;
• R N1 is hydrogen or methyl;
• R 2A and R 2B are each hydrogen;
• n is 0; and
• R 1 is hydrogen.
• G 2 or G 3 is N or NR N2 ;
• R 4 is hydrogen;
• R 5 is hydrogen, alkoxy, or haloalkyl;
• R N1 is hydrogen or methyl;
• R 2A and R 2B are each hydrogen;
• n is 0; and
• G 2 or G 3 is N or NR N2 ;
• R 4 is hydrogen;
• R 5 is hydrogen, alkoxy, or haloalkyl;
• R N1 is hydrogen or methyl;
• R 2A and R 2B are each hydrogen;
• n is 0; and
• each R P1 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and unsubstituted C 1–4 alkyl.
• each R P1 is H.
• G 2 or G 3 is N or NR N2 ;
• R 4 is hydrogen;
• R 5 is hydrogen, alkoxy, or haloalkyl;
• R N1 is hydrogen or methyl;
• R 2A and R 2B are each hydrogen;
• n is 1;
• R 3 is halo; and
• R 1 is hydrogen.
• G 2 or G 3 is N or NR N2 ;
• R 4 is hydrogen;
• R 5 is hydrogen, alkoxy, or haloalkyl;
• R N1 is hydrogen or methyl;
• R 2A and R 2B are each hydrogen;
• n is 1;
• R 3 is halo; and
• G 2 or G 3 is N or NR N2 ;
• R 4 is hydrogen;
• R 5 is hydrogen, alkoxy, or haloalkyl;
• R N1 is hydrogen or methyl;
• R 2A and R 2B are each hydrogen;
• n is 1;
• R 3 is halo; and
• each R P1 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and unsubstituted C 1–4 alkyl.
• each R P1 is H.
• G 2 or G 3 is N or NR N2 ;
• R 4 is hydrogen;
• R 5 is hydrogen, alkoxy, or haloalkyl;
• R N1 is hydrogen or methyl;
• one of R 2A and R 2B is hydrogen and the other is fluoro;
• n is 0 or 1; and
• R 1 is hydrogen.
• G 2 or G 3 is N or NR N2 ;
• R 4 is hydrogen;
• R 5 is hydrogen, alkoxy, or haloalkyl;
• R N1 is hydrogen or methyl;
• one of R 2A and R 2B is hydrogen and the other is fluoro;
• n is 0 or 1; and
• G 2 or G 3 is N or NR N2 ;
• R 4 is hydrogen;
• R 5 is hydrogen, alkoxy, or haloalkyl;
• R N1 is hydrogen or methyl;
• one of R 2A and R 2B is hydrogen and the other is fluoro;
• n is 0 or 1;
• each R P1 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and unsubstituted C 1–4 alkyl.
• each R P1 is H.
• G 2 or G 3 is N or NR N2 ;
• R 4 is hydrogen;
• R 5 is hydrogen, alkoxy, or haloalkyl;
• R N1 is hydrogen;
• R 2A and R 2B are each hydrogen;
• n is 0 or 1; and
• R 1 is hydrogen.
• G 2 or G 3 is N or NR N2 ;
• R 4 is hydrogen;
• R 5 is hydrogen, alkoxy, or haloalkyl;
• R N1 is hydrogen;
• R 2A and R 2B are each hydrogen;
• n is 0 or 1; and
• G 2 or G 3 is N or NR N2 ;
• R 4 is hydrogen;
• R 5 is hydrogen, alkoxy, or haloalkyl;
• R N1 is hydrogen;
• R 2A and R 2B are each hydrogen;
• n is 0 or 1;
• each R P1 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and unsubstituted C 1–4 alkyl.
• each R P1 is H.
• G 2 or G 3 is N or NR N2 ;
• R 4 is hydrogen;
• R 5 is hydrogen, alkoxy, or haloalkyl;
• R N1 is methyl;
• R 2A and R 2B are each hydrogen;
• n is 0 or 1; and
• R 1 is hydrogen.
• G 2 or G 3 is N or NR N2 ;
• R 4 is hydrogen;
• R 5 is hydrogen, alkoxy, or haloalkyl;
• R N1 is methyl;
• R 2A and R 2B are each hydrogen;
• n is 0 or 1; and
• G 2 or G 3 is N or NR N2 ;
• R 4 is hydrogen;
• R 5 is hydrogen, alkoxy, or haloalkyl;
• R N1 is methyl;
• R 2A and R 2B are each hydrogen;
• n is 0 or 1; and
• each R P1 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and unsubstituted C 1–4 alkyl.
• each R P1 is H.
• G 2 or G 3 is N or NR N2 ;
• R 4 is hydrogen;
• R 5 is hydrogen, methyl, methoxy, or difluoromethyl;
• R N1 is methyl;
• R 2A and R 2B are each hydrogen;
• n is 0 or 1; and
• R 1 is hydrogen.
• G 2 or G 3 is N or NR N2 ;
• R 4 is hydrogen;
• R 5 is hydrogen, methyl, methoxy, or difluoromethyl;
• R N1 is methyl;
• R 2A and R 2B are each hydrogen;
• n is 0 or 1; and
• G 2 or G 3 is N or NR N2 ;
• R 4 is hydrogen;
• R 5 is hydrogen, methyl, methoxy, or difluoromethyl;
• R N1 is methyl;
• R 2A and R 2B are each hydrogen;
• n is 0 or 1; and
• each R P1 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and unsubstituted C 1–4 alkyl.
• each R P1 is H.
• G 2 and G 3 are each independently N or NR N2 ;
• R 4 is hydrogen;
• R 5 is hydrogen, alkoxy, or haloalkyl;
• R N1 is hydrogen or methyl;
• R 2A and R 2B are each hydrogen;
• n is 0 or 1; and
• R 1 is hydrogen.
• G 2 and G 3 are each independently N or NR N2 ;
• R 4 is hydrogen;
• R 5 is hydrogen, alkoxy, or haloalkyl;
• R N1 is hydrogen or methyl;
• R 2A and R 2B are each hydrogen;
• n is 0 or 1; and
• G 2 and G 3 are each independently N or NR N2 ;
• R 4 is hydrogen;
• R 5 is hydrogen, alkoxy, or haloalkyl;
• R N1 is hydrogen or methyl;
• R 2A and R 2B are each hydrogen;
• n is 0 or 1; and
• each R P1 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and unsubstituted C 1–4 alkyl.
• each R P1 is H.
• G 2 and G 3 are each independently N or NR N2 ;
• R 4 is hydrogen;
• R 5 is hydrogen, methyl, methoxy;
• R N1 is hydrogen or methyl;
• R 2A and R 2B are each hydrogen;
• n is 0 or 1; and
• R 1 is hydrogen.
• G 2 and G 3 are each independently N or NR N2 ;
• R 4 is hydrogen;
• R 5 is hydrogen, methyl, methoxy;
• R N1 is hydrogen or methyl;
• R 2A and R 2B are each hydrogen;
• n is 0 or 1; and
• G 2 and G 3 are each independently N or NR N2 ;
• R 4 is hydrogen;
• R 5 is hydrogen, methyl, methoxy;
• R N1 is hydrogen or methyl;
• R 2A and R 2B are each hydrogen;
• n is 0 or 1; and
• each R P1 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and unsubstituted C 1–4 alkyl.
• each R P1 is H.
• G 2 and G 3 are each independently N or NR N2 ;
• R 4 is hydrogen;
• R 5 is hydrogen, alkoxy, or haloalkyl;
• R N1 is methyl;
• R 2A and R 2B are each hydrogen;
• n is 0 or 1; and
• R 1 is hydrogen.
• G 2 and G 3 are each independently N or NR N2 ;
• R 4 is hydrogen;
• R 5 is hydrogen, alkoxy, or haloalkyl;
• R N1 is methyl;
• R 2A and R 2B are each hydrogen;
• n is 0 or 1; and
• G 2 and G 3 are each independently N or NR N2 ;
• R 4 is hydrogen;
• R 5 is hydrogen, alkoxy, or haloalkyl;
• R N1 is methyl;
• R 2A and R 2B are each hydrogen;
• n is 0 or 1; and
• each R P1 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and unsubstituted C 1–4 alkyl.
• each R P1 is H.
• G 2 or G 3 is N or NR N2 ;
• G 1 is CR G1 ;
• R G1 is methyl or cyclopropyl;
• R 4 is hydrogen;
• R 5 is hydrogen, alkoxy, or haloalkyl;
• R N1 is hydrogen or methyl;
• R 2A and R 2B are each hydrogen;
• n is 0 or 1; and
• R 1 is hydrogen.
• the compound is selected from the group consisting of: (S)-N-(2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropyl)-N-methyl-5-((1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4- yl)ethynyl)nicotinamide; (S)-5-((1-(difluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)ethynyl)-N-(2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropyl)-N- methylnicotinamide; (S)-N-(2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropyl)-N-methyl-5-((2-methyl-2H-1,2,3-triazol-4- yl)ethynyl)nicotinamide; (S)-N-(2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropyl)-N-methyl-5-((1-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4- yl)ethynyl)nicotinamide; (S))-N-(2-hydroxy-3
• a compound of Formula (I) is selected from the group consisting of: and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
• Pharmaceutical Compositions and Methods of Use [0098] In another aspect, the invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. [0099] Compounds of Formula (I), their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising same, may be useful in the treatment of subjects suffering from various diseases and conditions, e.g., such as those associated with inhibition of RIPK1 activity.
• the compounds of the invention are useful for treating Ulcerative Colitis.
• compounds of Formula (I), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, or compositions comprising same for use in a medicament, e.g., for use in treating Ulcerative Colitis.
• Preparative Methods [0100] Further provided herein are exemplary methods of preparing compounds of Formula (I), and salts thereof. See, e.g., Schemes 1–4 below, and the Examples. [0101]
• compounds of Formula (I), wherein R 1 is H, and salts thereof may be made via a cross-coupling reaction between a heteroaryl group and a terminal alkyne (see, e.g., Schemes 1 and 2).
• Scheme 1 depicts a method of making a compound of Formula (I), wherein R 1 is H, or a salt thereof, by coupling a compound of formula (A), which comprises a terminal alkyne group, to a compound of Formula (B), which comprises a pyridinyl group substituted by a leaving group LG 1 under coupling conditions sufficient to generate a compound of Formula (I).
• the leaving group LG 1 is a halo (e.g., chloro, bromo, iodo) or an activated hydroxyl group (e.g., -OTf, -OTs, -OMs, or –OBs).
• the coupling conditions comprise a Pd(II) catalyst, optionally a ligand, and a base.
• the Pd(II) catalyst may be bis(acetonitrile)dichloropalladium (II) (Pd(MeCN) 2 Cl 2 ), Chloro(2–dicyclohexylphosphino– 2′,4′,6′–triisopropyl–1,1′–biphenyl)[2–(2′–amino–1,1′–biphenyl)]palladium(II) (XPhos Pd G2), the ligand may be 2–dicyclohexylphosphino–2′,4′,6′–triisopropylbiphenyl (X–Phos), and the base may be Cs 2 CO 3 .
• the coupling conditions comprise a Pd(0) catalyst, optionally a ligand, and a base.
• the Pd(0) catalyst may be bis(tri–tert– butylphosphine)palladium(0) and the base may be potassium phosphate.
• the coupling conditions further comprise a copper salt, e.g., CuI.
• Scheme 2 depicts a method of making a compound of Formula (I), wherein R 1 is H, or a salt thereof, by coupling a compound of formula (C), which comprises a leaving group LG 2 , to a compound of Formula (D), which comprises a pyridinyl group substituted by a terminal alkyne group under coupling conditions sufficient to generate a compound of Formula (I).
• the leaving group LG 2 is a halo (e.g., chloro, bromo, iodo) or an activated hydroxyl group (e.g., -OTf, -OTs, -OMs, or –OBs).
• the coupling conditions comprise a Pd(II) catalyst, optionally a ligand, and a base.
• the Pd(II) catalyst may be bis(acetonitrile)dichloropalladium (II) (Pd(MeCN) 2 Cl 2 ), Chloro(2– dicyclohexylphosphino–2′,4′,6′–triisopropyl–1,1′–biphenyl)[2–(2′–amino–1,1′– biphenyl)]palladium(II) (XPhos Pd G2), the ligand may be 2–dicyclohexylphosphino–2′,4′,6′– triisopropylbiphenyl (X–Phos), and the base may be Cs 2 CO 3 .
• the coupling conditions comprise a Pd(0) catalyst, optionally a ligand, and a base.
• the Pd(0) catalyst may be bis(tri–tert–butylphosphine)palladium(0) and the base may be potassium phosphate.
• the coupling conditions further comprise a copper salt, e.g., CuI.
• compounds of Formula (I), and salts thereof may be made via an amide coupling reaction (see, e.g., Scheme 3).
• Scheme 3 depicts a method of making a compound of Formula (I), wherein R 1 is H, or a salt thereof, by coupling a compound of formula (E), which comprises a leaving group LG 3 bound to a carbonyl group, to a compound of Formula (F), which comprises an amino group – NHR N1 under coupling conditions sufficient to generate a compound of Formula (I).
• the leaving group LG 3 is a halo (e.g., chloro, bromo, iodo), a hydroxyl group, or an activated hydroxyl group (e.g., -OTf, -OTs, -OMs, or –OBs).
• the coupling conditions comprise an amide-coupling reagent and a base.
• the amide coupling reagent is 1–[Bis(dimethylamino)methylene]–1H–1,2,3–triazolo[4,5– b]pyridinium 3–oxid hexafluorophosphate (HATU), N,N'–carbonyldiimidazole (CDI), 2-(1H- Benzotriazole-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethylaminium tetrafluoroborate (TBTU),
• the base is N,N–Diisopropylethylamine (DIEA) or trimethylamine (TEA).
• compounds of Formula (I) wherein R 1 is not H may be made by a reaction in which the –OR 1 hydroxyl group is substituted, e.g., by a phosphate group.
• the phosphorus-containing agent is a phosphoramidite (e.g., di-tert-butyl diethylphosphoramidite).
• Step 1 (S)–2–Hydroxy–3–phenylpropanamide.
• methylamine 1373 mL, 2747 mmol
• Step 2 (S)–1–(Methylamino)–3–phenylpropan–2–ol.
• THF tetrahydrofuran
• borane–dimethyl sulfide complex 117 mL, 1172 mmol
• Step 1 (1S,2R)–3–amino–1–fluoro–1–phenylpropan–2–ol
• Step 1 (1R,2R)–1–phenylpropane–1,2,3–triol.
• cinnamyl alcohol 5.58 mL, 43.2 mmol
• water 94 mL
• tert–butanol 94 mL
• Step 2 (2R,3R)–2,3–dihydroxy–3–phenylpropyl 4–methylbenzenesulfonate.
• (1R,2R)–1–phenylpropane–1,2,3–triol 4.5 g, 26.8 mmol
• dibutyltin oxide 0.133 g, 0.535 mmol
• Step 4 (4S,5S)–4–(azidomethyl)–5–phenyl–1,3,2–dioxathiolane 2,2–dioxide.
• Thionyl chloride (2.252 mL, 30.8 mmol) was added to a solution of (1R,2R)–3–azido–1– phenylpropane–1,2–diol (2.98 g, 15.42 mmol) and pyridine (3.74 mL, 46.3 mmol) in dichloromethane (DCM) (154 mL) at about 0 oC, and the mixture was stirred at about 0 oC for 1 hour.
• DCM dichloromethane
• Step 5 (1S,2R)–3–azido–1–fluoro–1–phenylpropan–2–ol.
• TBAF tetra–N– butylammonium fluoride
• MeCN acetonitrile
• Step 1 (S)–1–(3–fluorophenyl)–3–(methylamino)propan–2–ol [0121]
• Step 1 (S)–3–(3–fluorophenyl)–2–hydroxypropanoic acid.
• a solution of NaNO 2 (2.26 g, 32.8 mmol) in H 2 O (21.6 mL) was added dropwise to a stirred solution of (S)–2–amino– 3–(3–fluorophenyl)propanoic acid (2.0 g, 10.92 mmol) in H 2 O (50 mL) and acetic acid (AcOH) (15 mL) at about 0 °C.
• Methyl 4–bromo–1H–pyrazole–5–carboxylate (10.0 g, 48.8 mmol) was added in portions to a suspension of sodium hydride (60% in mineral oil) (2.05 g, 51.2 mmol) in N,N–dimethylformamide (DMF) (200 mL) stirring at about 0 °C.
• the resulting solution was stirred at about 0 °C for about 1 hour.
• reaction mixture was quenched at 0 °C by careful addition of water (1.5 mL), followed by 5 N aq. NaOH (1.5 mL) and more water (3 mL).
• the mixture was diluted with diethyl ether (100 mL), MgSO 4 (about 25 g) was added and the suspension was stirred for about 30 minutes.
• the reaction mixture was filtered through a pad of Celite, rinsed with EtOAc. The filtrate was concentrated, and the residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel eluted with 0–50% EtOAc/heptane to give a mixture of products (10.7 g).
• Step 2 2–((4–bromo–1–((2–(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy)methyl)–1H–pyrazol–3– yl)methoxy)ethanol.
• LAH lithium aluminum hydride
• THF tetrahydrofuran
• Step 1 methyl 5–chloro–6–(hydroxymethyl)nicotinate.
• Dimethyl 3– chloropyridine–2,5–dicarboxylate (2.0 g, 8.71 mmol) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (THF) / methanol (1:2, 60 mL) and cooled to about 0 °C.
• CaCl 2 (7.8 g, 70 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred for about 30 minutes.
• Sodium borohydride (NaBH4) (0.832 g, 22 mmol) was added portion wise and the reaction was stirred at about 0 °C for about 3 hours.
• the reaction was diluted with dichloromethane (DCM) (50 mL) and poured into ice cold H 2 O (100 mL). Layers were separated and the aq layer was extracted into DCM (2 x 25 mL). The combined organic phase was washed with saturated aq NaCl (2 x 25 mL), dried over MgSO 4 and the solvents were removed in vacuo to provide the title compound (1.0 g, 54 % yield).
• DCM dichloromethane
• H 2 O 100 mL
• Layers were separated and the aq layer was extracted into DCM (2 x 25 mL).
• the combined organic phase was washed with saturated aq NaCl (2 x 25 mL), dried over MgSO 4 and the solvents were removed in vacuo to provide the title compound (1.0
• Methyl 5–chloro–6– (difluoromethyl) nicotinate (0.200 g, 0.71 mmol) was suspended in methanol (2 mL) and 2M aq NaOH (1 mL, 2.00 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for about 3 hours. Aq 1M HCl was added dropwise until pH 2 and the mixture was extracted into ethyl acetate (EtOAc) (3 x 5 mL). The combined organic phase was dried over MgSO 4 and the solvents were removed in vacuo to provide the title compound (0.141 g, 91 % yield).
• Step 1 4,5–Dibromo–2–(oxetan–3–yl)–2H–1,2,3–triazole.
• 4,5– dibromo–2H–1,2,3–triazole 500 mg, 2.20 mmol
• 3–iodooxetane 0.213 mL, 2.42 mmol
• N,N–dimethylformamide 20 mL
• Cs 2 CO 3 2.1 g, 6.45 mmol
• Step 2 4–Bromo–2–(oxetan–3–yl)–2H–1,2,3–triazole.
• a vial was added 4,5– dibromo–2–(oxetan–3–yl)–2H–1,2,3–triazole (250 mg, 0.88 mmol) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) (4 mL).
• THF tetrahydrofuran
• the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for about 1 hour, after which ethyl acetate (EtOAc) (50 mL), methyl tert–butyl ether (MTBE) (50 mL) and NaHCO 3 (100 mL) were added. The layers were separated, and the organics were concentrated under vacuum.
• EtOAc ethyl acetate
• MTBE methyl tert–butyl ether
• NaHCO 3 100 mL
• Step 1 (S)–N–(2–hydroxy–3–phenylpropyl)–N–methyl–5– ((trimethylsilyl)ethynyl) nicotinamide.
• the mixture was stirred under N 2 at about 60 °C for about 1 hour. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was poured into water (200 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (EtOAc) (3 x 200 mL). The organic layer was combined and washed with brine (200 mL), dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was triturated with methyl tert–butyl ether (MTBE) and the resulting suspension was filtered to remove solids. The solids were rinsed with methyl tert–butyl ether (MTBE) and the combined filtrate was concentrated under vacuum.
• EtOAc ethyl acetate
• the reaction mixture was stirred under N 2 at about 70 °C for about 3 hours.
• the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, water (40 mL) was added, and the mixture was acidified to pH ⁇ 2 with 1 M HCl (aq) ( ⁇ 20 mL).
• the precipitate was filtered, and the solids were then washed with water (30 mL) and dried in a vacuum oven to provide the title compound (2.18 g, 89% yield).
• Step 2 5–((1–(difluoromethyl)–1H–pyrazol–4–yl)ethynyl)nicotinic acid.
• the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and diluted with water (500 mL).
• the aqueous phase was extracted with methyl tertiary butyl ether (3 x 250 mL), and then the aqueous layer was adjusted to a pH of about 3 with 5N aq HCl.
• Step 3 5–((2–methyl–2H–1,2,3–triazol–4–yl)ethynyl)nicotinic acid.
• the mixture was sparged with N 2 and stirred under N 2 at about 70 °C for about 16 h.
• the reaction was to cooled to room temperature and the mixture was adsorbed onto Celite ( ⁇ 25g) under reduced pressure prior to purification by flash column chromatography on silica gel eluting with 10–20% EtOAc/hexanes to obtain methyl 5–((1– (trifluoromethyl)–1H–pyrazol–4–yl)ethynyl)nicotinate (530 mg).
• the reaction mixture was degassed with N 2 sparge and then heated at about 70 °C for about 4 hours.
• the reaction was concentrated under reduced pressure onto Celite ( ⁇ 15 mL) and purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel eluting with 20–70% EtOAc/hexanes to obtain the desired methyl ester (564 mg).
• Step 2 5–bromo–N–((2R,3S)–3–fluoro–3–phenyl–2–((triethylsilyl)oxy)propyl)- nicotinamide.
• Step 3 5–bromo–N–((2R,3S)–3–fluoro–3–phenyl–2–((triethylsilyl)oxy)propyl)– N–methylnicotinamide.
• Step 4 5–bromo–N–((2R,3S)–3–fluoro–2–hydroxy–3–phenylpropyl)–N– methylnicotin-amide.
• a solution of 5–bromo–N–((2R,3S)–3–fluoro–3–phenyl–2– ((triethylsilyl)oxy)-propyl)–N–methyl-nicotinamide (0.32 g, 0.66 mmol) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) (10 mL) at 0 °C was treated with 1 M tetra–N–butylammonium fluoride in THF (0.73 mL, 0.73 mmol).
• N,N–Diisopropylethylamine (DIEA) (5.8 mL, 33.1 mmol) was added in one portion. The resulting solution was allowed to stir at room temperature for about 16 hours. Saturated aqueous NaHCO 3 (150 mL) and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) (150 mL) were added, and the phases were separated. The aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (3 x 25 mL). The combined organic phases were washed with brine (2 x 100 mL), dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure.
• DIEA N,N–Diisopropylethylamine
• Example #2 (S)–5–((1–(difluoromethyl)–1H–pyrazol–4–yl)ethynyl)–N–(2–hydroxy–3– phenylpropyl)–N–methylnicotinamide [0157]
• Example #3 (S)–N–(2–hydroxy–3–phenylpropyl)–N–methyl–5–((2–methyl–2H–1,2,3– triazol–4–yl)ethynyl)nicotinamide [0158] To a flask containing 5–((2–methyl–2H–1,2,3–triazol–4–yl)ethynyl)nicotinic acid (Preparation #14) (23 g, 101 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) (115 mL) was added N,N'– carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) (24.51 g, 151 mmol) and the mixture stirred at room temperature for about 5 hours.
• THF tetrahydrofuran
• CDI N,N'– carbonyldiimidazole
• Example #4 (S)–N–(2–hydroxy–3–phenylpropyl)–N–methyl–5–((1–(trifluoromethyl)–1H– pyrazol–4–yl)ethynyl)nicotinamide [0159] 2–(3H–[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5–b]pyridin–3–yl)–1,1,3,3–tetramethylisouronium tetrafluoroborate (TBTU) (859 mg, 2.67 mmol) was added to a solution of (S)–1–(methylamino)– 3–phenylpropan–2–ol (Preparation #2) (441 mg, 2.67 mmol), 5–((1–(trifluoromethyl)–1H– pyrazol–4–yl)ethynyl)nicotinic acid (Preparation #15) (500 mg, 1.778 mmol) and N,N– Diisopropylethyl
• the reaction mixture was sparged with nitrogen for about 20 minutes and then heated at about 50 °C for about 10 hours.
• the reaction was cooled to room temperature.
• the reaction was filtered through a pad of Celite then the filter cake was rinsed with ethyl acetate (EtOAc).
• EtOAc ethyl acetate
• the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo.
• the crude residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel eluting with 0–100% EtOAc/heptane followed by 0–5% methanol /EtOAc.
• Example #7 N–((2R,3S)–3–fluoro–2–hydroxy–3–phenylpropyl)–N–methyl–5–((1–methyl– 1H–pyrazol–4–yl)ethynyl)nicotinamide
• a 20 mL reaction vial equipped with septa cap and outfitted with nitrogen inlet needle was charged with 4–ethynyl–1–methyl–1H–pyrazole (Preparation #10) (0.105 g, 0.987 mmol), 5–bromo–N–((2R,3S)–3–fluoro–2–hydroxy–3–phenylpropyl)–N–methylnicotinamide (Preparation #17) (0.29 g, 0.79 mmol), Chloro(2–dicyclohexylphosphino–2′,4′,6′–triisopropyl– 1,1′–biphenyl)[2–(2′–amino–
• the reaction mixture was sparged with N 2 for about 20 minutes then heated to about 50 °C for about 20 hours.
• the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and filtered through a pad of Celite.
• the filter cake was rinsed with ethyl acetate (EtOAc), and the combined filtrate was concentrated in vacuo.
• the crude isolate was purified via flash chromatography (0%–100% Ethyl acetate (EtOAc) in heptane, then 0 to 5% methanol in EtOAc to furnish the title product (0.12 g, 44 % yield).
• Example #10 (S)–N–(2–hydroxy–3–phenylpropyl)–N–methyl–5–((2–(oxetan–3–yl)–2H– 1,2,3–triazol–4–yl)ethynyl)nicotinamide [0165] To a vial was added (S)–5–ethynyl–N–(2–hydroxy–3–phenylpropyl)–N– methylnicotinamide (Preparation #9) (0.120 g, 0.41 mmol), 4–bromo–2–(oxetan–3–yl)–2H– 1,2,3–triazole (Preparation #7) (0.125 g, 0.61 mmol), Cs 2 CO 3 (0.398 g, 1.22 mmol), bis(acetonitrile)dichloropalladium (II) (Pd(MeCN) 2 Cl 2 ) (5 mg, 0.02 mmol), and 2– di
• Example #11 (S)–5–((5–cyclopropyl–1–methyl–1H–pyrazol–4–yl)ethynyl)–N–(2– hydroxy–3–phenylpropyl)–N–methylnicotinamide [0166] To a vial was added (S)–5–ethynyl–N–(2–hydroxy–3–phenylpropyl)–N– methylnicotin-amide (Preparation #9) (60 mg, 0.20 mmol), 4–bromo–5–cyclopropyl–1–methyl– 1H–pyrazole (82 mg, 0.41 mmol), Cs 2 CO 3 (199 mg, 0.61 mmol), bis(acetonitrile)dichloropalladium (II) (Pd(MeCN) 2 Cl 2 ) (5 mg, 0.019 mmol), and 2– dicyclohexylphosphino–2′,4′,6′–triiso
• Example #12 (S)–N–(3–(3–fluorophenyl)–2–hydroxypropyl)–N–methyl–5–((1–methyl– 1H–pyrazol–4–yl)ethynyl)nicotinamide [0167] 2–(3H–[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5–b]pyridin–3–yl)–1,1,3,3– tetramethylisouroniumtetrafluoro-borate (TBTU) (127 mg, 0.393 mmol) was added to a solution of (S)–1–(3–fluorophenyl)–3–(methylamino)propan–2–ol (Preparation #4) (60 mg, 0.327 mmol), 5–((1–methyl–1H–pyrazol–4–yl)ethynyl)nicotinic acid (Preparation #12) (74.4 mg, 0.327 mmol) and N,N–Diiso
• Example #13 (S)–N–(2–hydroxy–3–phenylpropyl)–6–methoxy–N–methyl–5–((1–methyl– 1H–pyrazol–4–yl)ethynyl)nicotinamide [0168] To a flask was added (S)–5–bromo–N–(2–hydroxy–3–phenylpropyl)–6–methoxy–N– methylnicotinamide (Preparation #18) (0.220 g, 0.464 mmol), Cs 2 CO 3 (0.189 g, 0.580 mmol), bis(acetonitrile)dichloropalladium (II) (Pd(MeCN) 2 Cl 2 ) (6 mg, 0.023 mmol), XPhos (0.022 g, 0.046 mmol) and acetonitrile (MeCN) (4 mL).
• Example #15 (S)–N–(2–hydroxy–3–phenylpropyl)–N–methyl–5–((2–methylthiazol–5– yl)ethynyl) nicotinamide [0170] To a vial was added 5–bromo–2–methylthiazole (181 mg, 1.02 mmol), (S)–5–ethynyl– N–(2–hydroxy–3–phenylpropyl)–N–methylnicotinamide (Preparation # 9) (150 mg, 0.51 mmol) Cs 2 CO 3 (498 mg, 1.53 mmol), bis(acetonitrile)dichloropalladium (II) (Pd(MeCN) 2 Cl 2 ) (9.3 mg, 0.04 mmol) and 2–dicyclohexylphosphino–2′,4′,6′–triisopropylbiphenyl (X–Phos) (24.3 mg, 0.05 mmol
• Example #16 (S)–N–(2–hydroxy–3–phenylpropyl)–6–methyl–5–(thiazol–5– ylethynyl)nicotinamide [0171] To a vial was charged 5–ethynylthiazole (30.6 mg, 0.28 mmol), (S)–5–bromo–N–(2– hydroxy–3–phenylpropyl)–6–methylnicotinamide (Preparation #20) (70 mg, 0.20 mmol) and CuI (7.6 mg, 0.04 mmol) and the vial was evacuated and back–filled with N 2 (x 3).
• Example #20 (S)–1–(5–((1–(difluoromethyl)–1H–pyrazol–4–yl)ethynyl)–N– methylnicotinamido)–3–phenylpropan–2–yl acetate [0175] To a solution of (S)–5–((1–(difluoromethyl)–1H–pyrazol–4–yl)ethynyl)–N–(2– hydroxy–3–phenylpropyl)–N–methylnicotinamide (Example #2) (2.00 g, 4.87 mmol) in 20 mL of dicholoromethane was added triethylamine (2.38 mL, 17.1 mmol), acetic anhydride (1.0 mL, 11 mmol) and 4–dimethylaminopyridine (0.095 g, 0.78 mmol).
• Example #24 (S)–1–(N–methyl–5–((2–methyl–2H–1,2,3–triazol–4– yl)ethynyl)nicotinamido)–3–phenylpropan–2–yl acetate [0179] To a solution of (S)–N–(2–hydroxy–3–phenylpropyl)–N–methyl–5–((2–methyl–2H– 1,2,3–triazol–4–yl)ethynyl)nicotinamide (Example #3) (1.50 g, 4.00 mmol) in 30 mL of dichloromethane was added triethylamine (1.89 mL, 13.6 mmol) and acetic anhydride (0.857 g, 8.39 mmol) in one portion at 20 °C under nitrogen.
• Example #25 (S)–1–(N–methyl–5–((2–methyl–2H–1,2,3–triazol–4– yl)ethynyl)nicotinamido)–3–phenylpropan–2–yl 2–aminoacetate, hydrochloric acid [0180] To a stirring solution of 2–((tert–butoxycarbonyl)amino)acetic acid (0.933 g, 5.33 mmol) in 5.0 mL of acetonitrile at 25 °C was added ((S)–N–(2–hydroxy–3–phenylpropyl)–N– methyl–5–((2–methyl–2H–1,2,3–triazol–4–yl)ethynyl)nicotinamide (Example #3) (2.00 g, 5.33 mmol).
• N,N'–dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) (1.37 g, 6.66 mmol) was added, followed by slow addition of a 5.3 mL acetonitrile solution of 4–dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) (0.020 g, 0.16 mmol), keeping the reaction temperature between 20–25 °C.
• DMAP dimethylaminopyridine
• the suspension was stirred for 2 hours at 25 °C. After this time, the reaction mixture was filtered.
• Example #26 (S)-5-((1-(difluoromethyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)ethynyl)-N- (2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropyl)-N-methylnicotinamide [0182] (S)-5-Bromo-N-(2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropyl)-N-methylnicotinamide (15 g, 43.0 mmol) (preparation #8), N,N-dimethylpyridin-4-amine (0.525 g, 4.30 mmol) and pyridine (17.37 mL, 215 mmol) were combined in dichloromethane (DCM) (150 mL) at about room temperature.
• DCM dichloromethane
• the reaction mixture was sparged with nitrogen. After 10 min the rxn mixture was heated to 80°C. After 4h cooled to room temperature. The mixture was diluted with methyltertbutyl ether and ethyl acetate (MTBE/EtOAc) (1:1) (20 mL) and water (20 mL), and cysteine (500 mg) was added. After stirring for 4h, the organics were filtered and separated, washed with brine (10 mL), concentrated in vacuo and purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (SiO2) (EtOAc/Hep). The product fractions were combined and concentrated in vacuo.
• MTBE/EtOAc methyltertbutyl ether and ethyl acetate
• a fluorescent probe containing an Oregon green fluorophore was synthesized from a compound known to bind to RIPK1.
• the assay was performed in a buffer containing 50 mM N–2– Hydroxyethylpiperazine–N'–2–ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) (pH 7.5), 10 mM MgCl 2 , 1 mM ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), and 0.01% BRIJ–35 (Polyoxyethylene (23) lauryl ether).
• HEPES Hydroxyethylpiperazine–N'–2–ethanesulfonic acid
• EDTA 1 mM ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid
• BRIJ–35 Polyoxyethylene (23) lauryl ether
• Test compounds were solvated in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at final concentrations 4– fold serially diluted from 100 to 0.000095 uM in technical duplicates into an empty 384 well plate.
• Recombinant RIPK1 final concentration of 2.5 nM was added to the wells and incubated with test compound for 1 hour at room temperature.
• a solution containing the fluorescent probe final concentration 5 nM
• an LanthaScreen Tb–anti–GST antibody Thermofisher Scientific; final concentration of 5 nM
• U937 cells were resuspended at a concentration of 500,000 cells/mL in fresh RPMI (Roswell Park Memorial Institute) 1640 growth medium containing 10% heat inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS) and seeded into a 384 well plate containing compounds and incubated for 1 hour at 37 °C. Following incubation, the cells were challenged with TNF ⁇ (final concentration of 10 ng/mL) and Z–VAD FMK (N–Benzyloxycarbonyl–Val–Ala–Asp(O–Me) fluoromethyl ketone; final concentration of 20 ⁇ M) for 16–20 hours at 37 °C.
• TNF ⁇ final concentration of 10 ng/mL
• Z–VAD FMK N–Benzyloxycarbonyl–Val–Ala–Asp(O–Me) fluoromethyl ketone
• the screening method uses an immobilized ligand on a solid support, a DNA-tagged kinase, and a test compound.
• Test compounds that bind the kinase active site and directly (sterically) or indirectly (allosterically) prevent kinase binding to an immobilized ligand on a solid support will reduce the amount of kinase captured on the solid support. Conversely, test compound that do not bind the kinase have no effect on the amount of kinase captured on the solid support. Screening "hits" are identified by measuring the amount of kinase captured in test compound versus control samples by using a quantitative, precise and ultra-sensitive qPCR method that detects the DNA label associated with the kinase.
• K d dissociation constants
• the lysates were centrifuged (6,000 x g) and filtered (0.2 ⁇ m) to remove cell debris.
• the remaining kinases were produced in HEK- 293 cells and subsequently tagged with DNA for qPCR detection.
• Streptavidin-coated magnetic beads were treated with biotinylated small molecule ligands for 30 minutes at room temperature to generate affinity resins for kinase assays.
• the liganded beads were blocked with excess biotin and washed with blocking buffer (SeaBlock (Pierce), 1 % BSA, 0.05 % Tween 20, 1 mM DTT) to remove unbound ligand and to reduce non-specific phage binding.
• Binding reactions were assembled by combining kinases, liganded affinity beads, and test compounds in 1x binding buffer (20 % SeaBlock, 0.17x PBS, 0.05 % Tween 20, 6 mM DTT). Test compounds were prepared as 40x stocks in 100% DMSO and directly diluted into the assay. All reactions were performed in polypropylene 384-well plates in a final volume of 0.02 mL. The assay plates were incubated at room temperature with shaking for 1 hour and the affinity beads were washed with wash buffer (1x PBS, 0.05 % Tween 20).
• a selectivity score (S-score) was calculated for each compound as a quantitative measure of compound selectivity.
• the S-score is calculated by dividing the number of kinases that a compound binds to by the total number of distinct kinases testsed, excluding mutant variants.
• the selectivity score value can be calculated using %Ctrl as a potency threshold, as shown below, and provides a quantitative method of describing compound selectivity to facilitate comparison of different compounds.
• S(10) (number of non-mutant kinases with %Ctrl ⁇ 35)/(number of non-mutant kinases tested).
• exemplary phosphate prodrug compounds of the invention are enzymatically converted to the parent molecule across relevant species, the prodrug compounds were incubated with intestinal S9 cell fractions obtained from mouse, rat, dog, monkey, and human.
• Phosphate prodrugs were incubated (1 ⁇ M) for up to 2 hours in Tris-Cl buffer (pH 7.4) containing 3 mM magnesium chloride, intestinal S9 protein (0.01 and 25 mg/mL (ms, rat, hu, Table F) from mouse, rat, dog, monkey or human. Incubations were conducted in the absence and presence of 1 mM sodium orthovanadate, a phosphatase inhibitor.

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