WO2023015828A1 - 一种车辆的便携式备用启动装置和备用启动工具 - Google Patents

一种车辆的便携式备用启动装置和备用启动工具 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023015828A1
WO2023015828A1 PCT/CN2021/142644 CN2021142644W WO2023015828A1 WO 2023015828 A1 WO2023015828 A1 WO 2023015828A1 CN 2021142644 W CN2021142644 W CN 2021142644W WO 2023015828 A1 WO2023015828 A1 WO 2023015828A1
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Prior art keywords
circuit
resistor
vehicle
starting
starting device
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Application number
PCT/CN2021/142644
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘子源
廖跃飞
Original Assignee
广东电将军能源有限公司
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Priority claimed from CN202111138746.5A external-priority patent/CN115703414A/zh
Application filed by 广东电将军能源有限公司 filed Critical 广东电将军能源有限公司
Publication of WO2023015828A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023015828A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B60R16/03—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for
    • B60R16/033—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for characterised by the use of electrical cells or batteries
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/12—Starting of engines by means of mobile, e.g. portable, starting sets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/14—Starting of engines by means of electric starters with external current supply

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of electrical equipment, in particular, to a portable backup starting device and a backup starting tool for vehicles.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a portable backup starting device and a backup starting tool for a vehicle. At least it can solve the problem of how to start the car conveniently, improve the safety of starting the car at the same time, and save the time and money wasted in calling for roadside assistance.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a portable backup starting device for a vehicle.
  • the portable backup starting device may include a battery circuit, a load access detection circuit, and a vehicle starting circuit, wherein,
  • the battery circuit may be coupled to the load access detection circuit and the vehicle start circuit, for supplying power to the load access detection circuit and the vehicle start circuit;
  • the load access detection circuit may be coupled to the vehicle start circuit for detecting whether the vehicle start circuit is connected to a vehicle load; and when the load access detection circuit detects that the vehicle load When connected, control the vehicle starting circuit to output a vehicle starting current for controlling the vehicle to perform an ignition operation; when the load access detection circuit detects that the vehicle load is not connected, control the The vehicle starting circuit prohibits the output of the vehicle starting current for controlling the ignition operation of the vehicle.
  • the portable backup starting device of the vehicle includes a battery circuit, a load access detection circuit and a vehicle starting circuit.
  • the battery circuit includes a battery or a battery pack, and battery-related accessory devices
  • the load access detection circuit detects whether it is connected to a load when receiving power from the battery circuit, and when connected to the load, the vehicle starts the circuit. Perform ignition operation. It can be seen that implementing this implementation mode can complete the detection and ignition of the vehicle load without any microprocessor; moreover, it is also possible to form a complete portable backup starting device through the combination of the above-mentioned three parts of the circuit, thereby Realize the effect of convenient ignition for the car.
  • the portable backup starting device may also include a reverse connection short circuit detection circuit, wherein,
  • the reverse connection short-circuit detection circuit may be coupled to the load access detection circuit for detecting whether the vehicle load is in a reverse connection state or a short circuit state, and when the vehicle load is in the reverse connection state Or controlling the vehicle starting circuit to prohibit outputting the vehicle starting current in the short-circuit state.
  • the portable backup starting device may also include a reverse connection short circuit detection circuit.
  • the portable backup starting device can The fire operation is automatically controlled, so as to ensure the safety of the vehicle ignition and improve the safety of the vehicle starting.
  • the portable backup starting device may also include a load voltage detection circuit, wherein,
  • the load voltage detection circuit may be coupled to the load access detection circuit for detecting whether the vehicle load is in a high voltage state or a low voltage state, and when the vehicle load is in the high voltage state Or control the vehicle starting circuit to prohibit outputting the vehicle starting current in the low voltage state.
  • the load voltage detection circuit included in the portable backup starting device can respond to the load voltage, so as to feed back the vehicle starting circuit through the circuit result, so that the vehicle starting circuit stops or prohibits power supply, so that based on the load The voltage is protected for safety.
  • the portable backup starting device may also include a reverse charging detection circuit, wherein,
  • the reverse charging detection circuit can be coupled to the load access detection circuit, and is used to detect whether the voltage of the vehicle load is higher than the output voltage of the battery circuit, and when the voltage of the vehicle load is higher than the output voltage of the battery circuit, When the output voltage of the battery circuit is controlled, the vehicle starting circuit is controlled to forbid outputting the vehicle starting current.
  • the reverse charging detection circuit included in the portable backup starting device can compare the battery voltage and the load voltage, and promptly start the vehicle circuit in the portable backup starting device through the circuit structure when the load voltage is higher than the battery voltage. Feedback is made so that the vehicle starting circuit prohibits the output of vehicle starting current.
  • the portable backup starting device may also include an overcurrent detection circuit, wherein,
  • the overcurrent detection circuit may be coupled to the vehicle starting circuit, and is used to detect whether the vehicle starting current output by the vehicle starting circuit is greater than a preset current threshold, and the vehicle starting current output by the vehicle starting circuit When it is greater than the preset current threshold, the vehicle starting circuit is controlled to forbid outputting the vehicle starting current.
  • the overcurrent detection circuit in the portable backup starting device can automatically adjust according to the output vehicle starting current, so that the portable backup starting device cannot output a vehicle starting current greater than the preset current threshold, thereby ensuring the output The vehicle starting current is a safe current.
  • the portable standby starting device may also include a forced starting circuit, and the forced starting circuit may include:
  • the thirty-sixth diode the input end of the thirty-sixth diode is connected to the load access detection circuit; the output end of the thirty-sixth diode is connected to the thirty-second second The output end of the pole tube is connected to one end of the first switch;
  • the input end of the thirty-second diode is connected to the load access detection circuit
  • the other end of the first switch is connected to the ground.
  • the battery circuit may include a battery, a voltage regulation circuit and a battery voltage detection circuit, wherein,
  • the battery can be coupled to the voltage regulation circuit and the battery voltage detection circuit for powering other circuits;
  • the voltage regulation circuit can be used to regulate the output voltage of the battery
  • the battery voltage detection circuit can be used to detect whether the battery is in a high voltage state or a low voltage state, and control the vehicle starting circuit to disable outputting the vehicle starting current.
  • the battery circuit usually includes a battery or a battery pack, as well as a DC-DC circuit and a battery voltage detection circuit.
  • the battery circuit is powered by the battery, the output voltage value is adjusted by the DC-DC circuit, and an appropriate voltage is output under the monitoring of the battery voltage detection circuit, so that the vehicle starting circuit can ensure the output of an appropriate vehicle starting current.
  • the portable standby starting device may also include a temperature detection circuit, wherein,
  • the temperature detection circuit can be coupled to the vehicle starting circuit, and is used to detect whether the portable backup starting device is in a preset high temperature state, and control the The vehicle starting circuit is prohibited from outputting the vehicle starting current.
  • the temperature detection circuit included in the portable backup starting device can detect the temperature of the portable backup starting device in real time, so that when the temperature of the portable backup starting device is too high, the power supply of the vehicle starting circuit is stopped in time, Thereby, the use safety of the portable backup starting device is ensured.
  • the portable standby starting device may also include an alarm circuit, wherein,
  • the alarm circuit may be coupled to the vehicle starting circuit, and is used for controlling a buzzer to issue an alarm when the vehicle starting circuit is in a state of prohibiting outputting the vehicle starting current.
  • the alarm circuit included in the portable backup starting device can control the buzzer to give an alarm when any of the above-mentioned circuits detects a problem, so that the user can more easily know that the portable backup starting device cannot work normally.
  • the portable standby starting device may also include a display circuit, wherein,
  • the display circuit may be coupled to the vehicle starting circuit for displaying an indicator light corresponding to the working state of the portable backup starting device.
  • the display circuit can display the working status of the portable standby starting device through a visual method, so that the user can easily know it.
  • the load access detection circuit may also include:
  • the ninth triode the emitter is connected to the ground terminal and one end of the sixty-first resistor, the base is connected to both the other end of the sixty-first resistor and one end of the fifty-ninth resistor, and the collector connected to the vehicle starting circuit;
  • the emitter is connected to the ground terminal and one end of the fifty-seventh resistor, and the base is connected to both the other end of the fifty-seventh resistor and one end of the forty-eighth resistor,
  • the collector is connected to the vehicle starting circuit;
  • the other end of the fifty-ninth resistor is connected to the output end of the twenty-fourth diode
  • the input end of the twenty-fourth diode is connected to the collector of the thirteenth diode
  • the other end of the forty-eighth resistor is connected to both the input end of the twenty-first diode and one end of the sixty-fifth resistor;
  • the other end of the sixty-fifth resistor is connected to the fourth access operational amplifier
  • the output end of the twenty-first diode and the output end of the thirty-second diode are both connected to the first switch;
  • the first switch is connected to one end of the fifty-third resistor, one end of the fifty-fourth resistor, one end of the fifty-fifth resistor, one end of the fifty-sixth resistor and the grounding terminal;
  • the other end of the fifty-third resistor is connected to the forty-seventh resistor
  • the other end of the fifty-fourth resistor is connected to the forty-ninth resistor
  • the other end of the fifty-fifth resistor is connected to the fiftieth resistor
  • the other end of the fifty-sixth resistor is connected to the fifty-first resistor
  • the forty-seventh resistor, the forty-ninth resistor, the fiftieth resistor, and the fifty-first resistor are all connected to the driving voltage terminal;
  • the input end of the thirty-second diode is connected to the collector of the thirteenth diode
  • the emitter is connected to both the ground terminal and one end of the fourteenth capacitor; the base is connected to one end of the sixtieth resistor, one end of the sixty-fourth resistor, and the first The other ends of the fourteen capacitors are connected to each other;
  • the other end of the sixtieth resistor is connected to the vehicle starting circuit.
  • the reverse charging detection circuit may include:
  • the positive input terminal of the fourth detection operational amplifier is connected to both one end of the twenty-fourth resistor and one end of the thirty-fifth resistor;
  • the other end of the twenty-fourth resistor is connected to the ground terminal
  • the other end of the thirty-fifth resistor is connected to the output end of the fifth detection operational amplifier, one end of the sixty-ninth resistor, and the sixteenth capacitor;
  • the negative input terminal of the fifth detection operational amplifier is connected to one end of the sixty-eighth resistor, the other end of the sixty-ninth resistor, and the other end of the sixteenth capacitor;
  • the positive input terminal of the fifth detection operational amplifier is connected to both one end of the sixty-sixth resistor and one end of the sixty-seventh resistor;
  • the other end of the sixty-sixth resistor is connected to the driving voltage end
  • the other end of the sixty-seventh resistor is connected to the ground.
  • the display circuit may include:
  • a first light emitting diode the input end of the first light emitting diode is connected to the driving voltage end;
  • the output end of the first light-emitting diode is connected to one end of the thirty-third resistor
  • the other end of the thirty-third resistor is connected to the collector of the fifth triode
  • the emitter of the fifth triode is connected to the ground terminal and one end of the seventy-first resistor; the base of the fifth triode is connected to one end of the seventieth resistor and one end of the seventy-first resistor connected at the other end;
  • a thirty-second resistor one end of the thirty-second resistor is connected to the vehicle starting circuit
  • the other end of the thirty-second resistor is connected to the input end of the second light emitting diode
  • the output terminal of the second light emitting diode is connected to the ground terminal
  • a sixty-second resistor one end of the sixty-second resistor is connected to the driving voltage end; the other end of the sixty-second resistor is connected to the input end of the third light-emitting diode;
  • the output end of the third light emitting diode is connected to the ground end.
  • the portable standby starting device may also include a voltage bias switch circuit, and the voltage bias switch circuit includes:
  • the twenty-second resistor one end of the twenty-second resistor is connected to the source of the fourth field effect transistor, one end of the thirty-seventh resistor, the emitter of the sixth triode, and the source of the twenty-eighth diode
  • the four input terminals are connected; the other end of the twenty-second resistor, the drain of the fourth field effect transistor and the voltage regulation circuit are connected;
  • the gate of the fourth field effect transistor is connected to the other end of the thirty-seventh resistor, the output end of the twenty-seventh diode, and the collector of the sixth triode;
  • the input end of the twenty-seventh diode is connected to one end of the fourteenth resistor
  • the other end of the fourteenth resistor is connected to the driving voltage end
  • the base of the sixth triode is connected to one end of the twentieth resistor, the output end of the twenty-eighth diode, and one end of the twenty-ninth resistor;
  • the other end of the twentieth resistor is connected to the ground terminal
  • the other end of the twenty-ninth resistor is connected to the output end of the twenty-ninth diode
  • the input terminal of the twenty-ninth diode is connected with the second access operational amplifier.
  • the battery voltage detection circuit may include:
  • the first is connected to the operational amplifier, the positive input terminal is connected to one end of the forty-sixth resistor and the 1.6V voltage terminal; the negative input terminal is connected to both one end of the twenty-fifth resistor and one end of the nineteenth resistor; output The terminal is connected with the output terminal of the 30th diode and the output terminal of the 23rd diode;
  • the input end of the thirtieth diode is connected to the other end of the forty-sixth resistor;
  • the other end of the twenty-fifth resistor is connected to the ground.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a spare starting tool for a vehicle.
  • the spare starting tool may include a wire clamp and the above-mentioned portable spare starting device, wherein,
  • the clip may be connected to the portable backup starter for connecting the portable backup starter to a vehicle load of the vehicle.
  • the load access detection circuit may include a voltage load detection subcircuit and/or a resistive load detection subcircuit.
  • the portable standby starting device may also include a first delay circuit and/or a second delay circuit, and both the first delay circuit and/or the second delay circuit may be coupled to the The above-mentioned vehicle starting circuit; among them,
  • the first delay circuit can be used to control the delay disconnection of the vehicle starting circuit
  • the second delay circuit can be used to control the delayed start of the vehicle start circuit.
  • the battery voltage detection circuit may include battery undervoltage detection subcircuits and/or battery overvoltage detection subcircuits connected to each other.
  • the portable backup starting device when the wire clip in the backup starting tool is connected to the vehicle load, the portable backup starting device can detect whether the load is connected. If the load is connected to the circuit through the clamp, the portable backup starter can start the vehicle. It can be seen that implementing this embodiment saves time and effort.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a portable backup starting device for a vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another portable backup starting device for a vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of another portable backup starting device for a vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic circuit structure diagram of a voltage regulation circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic circuit structure diagram of a vehicle starting circuit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a combination circuit of a load access detection circuit, a load voltage detection circuit, and a reverse connection short circuit detection circuit provided by an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic circuit structure diagram of a battery voltage detection circuit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic circuit structure diagram of a reverse charging detection circuit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic circuit structure diagram of a temperature detection circuit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic circuit structure diagram of an alarm circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic circuit structure diagram of a display circuit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic circuit structure diagram of an overcurrent detection circuit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a spare starting tool for a vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a combined circuit of another load access detection circuit, load voltage detection circuit, and reverse connection short circuit detection circuit provided by the embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic circuit structure diagram of another reverse charging detection circuit provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic circuit structure diagram of another display circuit provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of a circuit combination of a voltage bias switch circuit and a voltage regulation circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic circuit structure diagram of another battery voltage detection circuit provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of a circuit combination of a load access detection circuit and a forced start circuit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 20 is a schematic circuit structure diagram of a first delay circuit and a second delay circuit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Icons 100-portable backup starting device; 10-battery circuit; 11-battery; 12-voltage regulation circuit; 13-battery voltage detection circuit; 20-load access detection circuit; 30-vehicle starting circuit; 40-reverse Connect to short-circuit detection circuit; 50-load voltage detection circuit; 60-reverse charge detection circuit; 70-overcurrent detection circuit; 80-temperature detection circuit; 91-alarm circuit; 92-display circuit; 200-line folder.
  • the terms “installed”, “disposed”, “provided”, “connected”, “connected” are to be interpreted broadly. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral structure; it may be a mechanical connection, or a point connection; it may be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediary, or between two devices, components or components. internal communication. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application according to specific situations.
  • first means two or more.
  • FIG. 1 provides a schematic structural diagram of a portable backup starting device 100 for a vehicle according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the portable backup starting device 100 may include a battery circuit 10, a load access detection circuit 20 and a vehicle starting circuit 30, wherein,
  • the battery circuit 10 can be coupled to the load access detection circuit 20 and the vehicle start circuit 30 for supplying power to the load access detection circuit 20 and the vehicle start circuit 30;
  • the load access detection circuit 20 can be coupled to the vehicle start circuit 30 for detecting whether the vehicle start circuit 30 is connected to the vehicle load; and when the load access detection circuit 20 detects that the vehicle load is connected, control the vehicle The starting circuit 30 outputs the vehicle starting current used to control the vehicle to perform the ignition operation. When the load connection detection circuit 20 detects that the vehicle load is not connected, the vehicle starting circuit 30 is controlled to forbid the output for controlling the vehicle to perform the ignition operation. vehicle starting current.
  • coupling may be used to indicate that both the output end and the input end of the circuit are connected to another circuit.
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic circuit structure diagram of a vehicle starting circuit 30 .
  • the vehicle starting circuit 30 is also called a starting control module, which may be composed of peripheral components such as K1/Q3/R10/R11/IC1A/IC1B.
  • PIN3 of IC1A When PIN3 of IC1A is at high level, PIN3 of IC1A outputs high level, Q3 conducts, relay K1 pulls in, the positive pole of the battery is connected to the positive pole of the clamp output through the relay, and the positive and negative poles of the clamp output are correctly connected to the car Battery, you can start a fire.
  • the relay K1 disconnects the positive pole output of the clamp.
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic structural diagram of a combination circuit of the load access detection circuit 20 , the load voltage detection circuit 50 and the reverse connection short circuit detection circuit 40 .
  • the load access detection circuit 20 is also called a load detection module, which may be composed of peripheral components such as IC4D/IC4A/R47/R53/R49/R54.
  • the load access detection circuit 20 is also called a load detection module, which may be composed of peripheral components such as IC4D/IC4A/R47/R53/R49/R54.
  • IC4D and related components constitute a voltage load detection sub-circuit.
  • the load access detection circuit 20 may include:
  • the ninth triode the emitter is connected to the ground terminal and one end of the sixty-first resistor, the base is connected to the other end of the sixty-first resistor and one end of the fifty-ninth resistor, and the collector is connected to the vehicle The starting circuit is connected;
  • the eighth triode the emitter is connected to the ground terminal and one end of the fifty-seventh resistor, the base is connected to the other end of the fifty-seventh resistor and one end of the forty-eighth resistor, and the collector is connected to the vehicle The starting circuit is connected;
  • the other end of the fifty-ninth resistor is connected to the output end of the twenty-fourth diode
  • the input end of the twenty-fourth diode is connected to the collector of the thirteenth diode
  • the other end of the forty-eighth resistor is connected to both the output end of the twenty-first diode and the output end of the twenty-third diode;
  • the input terminal of the twenty-first diode is connected with the fourth access operational amplifier
  • the input end of the twenty-third diode is connected to the first access operational amplifier
  • Both the output end of the twenty-first diode and the output end of the twenty-third diode are connected to the collector of the thirteenth diode;
  • the thirteenth pole tube, the emitter is connected to the ground terminal and one end of the sixty-second resistor, and the base is connected to both the other end of the sixty-second resistor and one end of the sixtieth resistor;
  • the other end of the sixtieth resistor is connected with the vehicle starting circuit.
  • the portable standby starting device 100 may also include a reverse connection short circuit detection circuit 40, wherein,
  • the reverse connection and short circuit detection circuit 40 can be coupled to the load access detection circuit 20, and is used to detect whether the vehicle load is in a reverse connection state or a short circuit state, and control the vehicle start circuit when the vehicle load is in a reverse connection state or a short circuit state 30 It is forbidden to output the vehicle starting current.
  • the reverse connection short circuit detection circuit 40 may be connected to the battery circuit 10 .
  • coupling can specifically be used to mean that the output end of the circuit and the output end of another circuit are commonly connected to the same position of other circuits, and the input end of the circuit and the input end of another circuit are also commonly connected to the same location as other circuits.
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic structural diagram of a combination circuit of the load access detection circuit 20 , the load voltage detection circuit 50 and the reverse connection short circuit detection circuit 40 .
  • the reverse connection short circuit detection circuit 40 is also called a reverse connection short circuit detection module, which can be composed of IC4B/R34/R38/R51/R56/ZD3/D20 and so on. It is used to connect the car battery (that is, the vehicle load) to reverse connection or short circuit, the high level output of PIN7 of IC4B passes through D18 to make Q9 conduct, and the PIN3 of the starting control module IC1A is low level, so that the clamp output relay K1 is disconnected.
  • the reverse connection short circuit detection circuit 40 may include:
  • the second access operational amplifier the output end is connected with one end of the thirty-fifth resistor and the input end of the eighteenth diode, and the input end is connected with the load access detection circuit;
  • the other end of the thirty-fifth resistor is connected to the driving voltage end
  • the output end of the eighteenth diode is connected to the load access detection circuit
  • the third Zener diode the input terminal is connected to the ground terminal, and the output terminal is connected to the load access detection circuit;
  • the twentieth diode the input terminal is connected to the ground terminal, and the output terminal is connected to the load access detection circuit;
  • a thirty-eighth resistor one end is connected to the ground terminal, and the other end is connected to the load access detection circuit;
  • One end of the thirty-fourth resistor is connected to the vehicle load, and the other end is connected to the load access detection circuit.
  • the portable standby starting device 100 may also include a load voltage detection circuit 50, wherein,
  • the load voltage detection circuit 50 can be coupled to the load access detection circuit 20, and is used to detect whether the vehicle load is in a high voltage state or a low voltage state, and control the vehicle to start when the vehicle load is in a high voltage state or a low voltage state
  • the circuit 30 prohibits the output of the vehicle starting current.
  • the load voltage detection circuit 50 can be connected with the battery circuit 10 .
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic structural diagram of a combination circuit of the load access detection circuit 20 , the load voltage detection circuit 50 and the reverse connection short circuit detection circuit 40 .
  • the load voltage detection circuit 50 is also called a car voltage detection module.
  • the load voltage detection circuit 50 can be composed of IC4C/R44/R52/R50/R55, etc.
  • the high level output of PIN8 of IC4C passes through D22 to turn on Q9 and start the control module PIN3 of IC1A is low level, and the clamp output relay K1 is disconnected.
  • IC4D, D21 and other peripheral components constitute a voltage load detection sub-circuit.
  • Other peripheral components may include R47, R49, R50, R51, R53, R54, R55, and R56.
  • IC4A, D23 and other peripheral components constitute a resistive load detection sub-circuit.
  • Other peripheral components may include R47, R49, R50, R51, R53, R54, R55, and R56.
  • the load voltage detection circuit 50 may include:
  • the fifty-eighth resistor one end is connected to both the output end of the twenty-second diode and the load access detection circuit, and the other end is connected to the load access detection circuit;
  • the output end of the twenty-second diode is connected to the load access detection circuit, and the input end connected to the load access detection circuit is connected to one end of the forty-sixth resistor and the output of the third access operational amplifier. terminal connection;
  • the other end of the forty-sixth resistor is connected to the driving voltage end
  • the input end of the third access operational amplifier is connected with one end of the fifty-second resistor and one end of the forty-fourth resistor;
  • the other end of the fifty-two resistor is connected to the ground terminal
  • the other end of the forty-four resistance is connected with the vehicle starting circuit.
  • the portable backup starting device 100 may also include a reverse charging detection circuit 60, wherein,
  • the reverse charge detection circuit 60 can be coupled to the load access detection circuit 20 for detecting whether the voltage of the vehicle load is higher than the output voltage of the battery circuit 10, and when the voltage of the vehicle load is higher than the output voltage of the battery circuit 10 At this time, the vehicle starting circuit 30 is controlled to prohibit the output of the vehicle starting current.
  • the reverse charging detection circuit 60 can be connected with the battery circuit 10 .
  • FIG. 8 shows a schematic circuit structure diagram of a reverse charging detection circuit 60 .
  • the anti-charging detection circuit 60 is also called the anti-charging detection module, which can be composed of IC1D/R4/R7/D3 and other peripheral components.
  • IC1D PIN14 of PIN14 outputs high level
  • Q9 is turned on through D22
  • PIN3 of start control module IC1A is low level
  • clamp output relay K1 is disconnected.
  • the reverse charging detection circuit 60 may include:
  • the third diode, the output end is connected to the load access detection circuit, and the input end is connected to the output end of the anti-charge operational amplifier;
  • the positive input terminal of the fourth detection operational amplifier is connected to the vehicle load, and the negative input terminal of the anti-charge operational amplifier is connected to both one end of the fourth resistor and one end of the seventh resistor;
  • the other end of the fourth resistor is connected to the battery circuit
  • the other end of the seventh resistor is connected to the ground.
  • the portable standby starting device 100 may also include an overcurrent detection circuit 70, wherein,
  • the overcurrent detection circuit 70 can be coupled to the vehicle starting circuit 30, and is used to detect whether the vehicle starting current output by the vehicle starting circuit 30 is greater than a preset current threshold, and when the vehicle starting current output by the vehicle starting circuit 30 is greater than the preset current When the threshold is reached, the vehicle starting circuit 30 is controlled to forbid outputting the vehicle starting current.
  • FIG. 12 shows a schematic circuit structure diagram of an over-current detection circuit 70 .
  • the over-current detection circuit 70 is also called an over-current detection module, which can be composed of peripheral components such as IC1C/R40/R39/R42/R45/R36/D17/R41/R43/D19/Q7. It is used to increase the voltage of PIN10 of IC1C when the output current is too large, and the output of PIN8 of IC1C is high, so that Q7 is turned on, and the PIN3 of the start control module IC1A is low, and the output relay K1 of the clamp is disconnected .
  • the portable standby starting device may also include a first delay circuit and/or a second delay circuit, both of which may be coupled to the vehicle starting circuit; wherein,
  • the first delay circuit can be used to control the delay disconnection of the vehicle starting circuit
  • the second delay circuit can be used to control the delayed start of the vehicle starting circuit.
  • the first delay circuit may be a 30-second delay circuit, and the circuit mainly performs a timing function. Wherein, when the first delay circuit completes timing, the vehicle starting circuit is turned off, thereby achieving the effect of disconnecting the output.
  • the second delay circuit may be a 3-second delay circuit, which mainly functions as a delay start. Among them, when the wire clip is connected to the vehicle load, there is a slight delay, so as to eliminate the effect of contact sparks.
  • D13, IC1B, C10, R31, D12, D14 and D15 form a first delay circuit.
  • the first delay circuit may be a 30-second delay sub-circuit.
  • R24, IC1A, C6, R21, R23, D9, D11, R30 and C9 constitute a second delay circuit.
  • the second delay circuit may be a 3-second delay sub-circuit.
  • FIG. 20 shows another schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the first delay circuit and the second delay circuit.
  • the first delay circuit may be a 30-second delay sub-circuit
  • the second delay circuit may be a 3-second delay sub-circuit.
  • the overcurrent detection circuit 70 may include:
  • the seventh triode the collector is connected to the vehicle starting circuit, the emitter is connected to the ground terminal, the base is connected to the input terminal of the nineteenth diode, one terminal of the forty-third resistor, and one terminal of the eleventh capacitor and one end of the forty-first resistor are connected to each other;
  • the other end of the forty-third resistor is connected to the ground terminal
  • the other end of the eleventh capacitor is connected to the ground
  • the output end of the nineteenth diode is connected to one end of the thirty-seventh resistor, the input end of the seventeenth diode, the other end of the forty-first resistor and the output end of the third detection operational amplifier. ;
  • the other end of the thirty-seventh resistor is connected to the driving voltage end
  • the output end of the seventeenth diode is connected with one end of the thirty-sixth resistor
  • the other end of the thirty-sixth resistor is connected to both the input end of the sixteenth diode and one end of the fortieth resistor;
  • the output end of the sixteenth diode is connected with the vehicle starting circuit
  • the other end of the fortieth resistor is connected to the positive input end of the third detection operational amplifier, one end of the thirty-ninth resistor, and one end of the twelfth capacitor;
  • the other end of the thirty-ninth resistor is connected with the vehicle starting circuit
  • the negative input end of the third detection operational amplifier is connected to both one end of the forty-fifth resistor and one end of the forty-second resistor;
  • the other end of the forty-fifth resistor is connected to the ground terminal
  • the other end of the forty-second resistor is connected to the driving voltage end.
  • the portable standby starting device may also include a forced starting circuit, and the forced starting circuit may include:
  • the thirty-sixth diode the input end of the thirty-sixth diode is connected to the load access detection circuit; the output end of the thirty-sixth diode is connected to the thirty-second second The output end of the pole tube is connected to one end of the first switch;
  • the input end of the thirty-second diode is connected to the load access detection circuit
  • the other end of the first switch is connected to the ground.
  • FIG. 19 shows a schematic diagram of a circuit combination of a load access detection circuit and a forced start circuit.
  • the forced start control module in the figure is the forced start circuit.
  • the battery circuit 10 may include a battery 11, a voltage regulation circuit 12, and a battery voltage detection circuit 13, wherein,
  • the battery 11 can be coupled to the voltage regulation circuit 12 and the battery voltage detection circuit 13 for powering other circuits;
  • the voltage regulation circuit 12 can be used to regulate the output voltage of the battery 11;
  • the battery voltage detection circuit 13 can be used to detect whether the battery 11 is in a high voltage state or a low voltage state, and control the vehicle starting circuit 30 to prohibit outputting the vehicle starting current when the battery 11 is in a high voltage state or a low voltage state.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic circuit structure diagram of a voltage regulating circuit 12 .
  • the voltage regulating circuit 12 may be a DC-DC circuit, also called a DC-DC module.
  • the battery voltage is passed through a linear step-down circuit composed of D1/R3/U1/C4, etc., and a stable 5V voltage is output to supply each circuit.
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic circuit structure diagram of a battery voltage detection circuit 13 .
  • the battery voltage detection circuit 13 is also called a battery voltage detection module, which can be specifically composed of IC3A/R13/R28/R15/R27/Q4/Q6/ZD1/R22/R29/ZD2/R19/R25/Q5/ D10 and other peripheral components.
  • the battery voltage is too low or too high, the voltage of PIN2 of IC3A becomes low, so that PIN1 of IC3A outputs high level, and Q9 is turned on through D22, so that PIN3 of the start control module IC1A is low level, and the clamp output Relay K1 is disconnected.
  • the battery undervoltage detection sub-circuit may include: IC3A, D6, D10, R16, R13, R28, R27, R15, R14, Q4, R20, Q6, R29, R22, C7 and ZD1.
  • the battery overvoltage detection sub-circuit may further include: ZD2, R19, R25 and Q5.
  • the battery undervoltage detection sub-circuit may include: IC3A, D6, D10, D33, R13, R28, R27, R15, D1 and C7.
  • the battery overvoltage detection sub-circuit may further include: R19, R25, IC4A, R46, D30 and D23.
  • the portable standby starting device 100 may also include a temperature detection circuit 80, wherein,
  • the temperature detection circuit 80 can be coupled to the vehicle starting circuit 30, and is used to detect whether the portable backup starting device 100 is in a preset high temperature state, and control the vehicle starting circuit 30 to prohibit the output of the vehicle when the portable backup starting device 100 is in a high temperature state. Starting current.
  • the temperature detection circuit 80 can be connected with the battery circuit 10 .
  • FIG. 9 shows a schematic circuit structure diagram of a temperature detection circuit 80 .
  • the temperature detection circuit 80 is also called a temperature detection module, and specifically can be composed of peripheral components such as IC3B/R17/R26/R18/NTC1/D8.
  • the NTC sensor detects that the temperature is too high, the voltage of PIN6 of IC3B becomes low, and PIN7 of IC3B outputs high level, and Q9 is turned on through D22, so that PIN3 of the start control module IC1A is low level, and the clamp output relay K1 is disconnected.
  • the portable standby starting device 100 may also include an alarm circuit 91, wherein,
  • the alarm circuit 91 can be coupled to the vehicle starting circuit 30 , and is used to control the buzzer to issue an alarm when the vehicle starting circuit 30 is in a state of prohibiting the output of the vehicle starting current.
  • the alarm circuit 91 may be connected to the battery circuit 10 .
  • FIG. 10 shows a schematic circuit structure diagram of an alarm circuit 91 .
  • the alarm circuit 91 is also called an alarm module, and specifically may be composed of R2/BZ1/D4/Q2/R8/R9 and the like.
  • the B pole of Q2 When an access error occurs or other protections operate, the B pole of Q2 will input a high level to make Q2 conduct, and the buzzer BZ1 will sound an alarm.
  • the portable standby starting device 100 may also include a display circuit 92, wherein,
  • the display circuit 92 can be coupled to the vehicle starting circuit 30 for displaying an indicator light corresponding to the working state of the portable backup starting device 100 .
  • the display circuit 92 may be connected to the battery circuit 10 .
  • FIG. 11 shows a schematic circuit structure diagram of a display circuit 92 .
  • the display circuit 92 is also called a display module, which can be composed of LED1/R33/LED2/R32, LED1 can be an error display, when an error occurs, STOP is a high level LED1 is lit, and LED2 can be a normal display, When the relay is closed, PIN3 of IC1A is high level and LED2 lights up.
  • the first access operational amplifier corresponds to IC4A
  • the second access operational amplifier corresponds to IC4B
  • the third access operational amplifier corresponds to IC4C
  • the fourth access operational amplifier corresponds to IC4D
  • the first detection operational amplifier corresponds to IC1A
  • the second detection operational amplifier corresponds to IC1B
  • the third detection operational amplifier corresponds to IC1C
  • the fourth detection operational amplifier corresponds to IC1D.
  • the load access detection circuit may further include:
  • the ninth triode the emitter is connected to the ground terminal and one end of the sixty-first resistor, the base is connected to the other end of the sixty-first resistor and one end of the fifty-ninth resistor, and the collector is connected to the vehicle The starting circuit is connected;
  • the eighth triode the emitter is connected to the ground terminal and one end of the fifty-seventh resistor, the base is connected to the other end of the fifty-seventh resistor and one end of the forty-eighth resistor, and the collector is connected to the vehicle The starting circuit is connected;
  • the other end of the fifty-ninth resistor is connected to the output end of the twenty-fourth diode
  • the input end of the twenty-fourth diode is connected to the collector of the thirteenth diode
  • the other end of the forty-eighth resistor is connected to both the input end of the twenty-first diode and one end of the sixty-fifth resistor;
  • the other end of the sixty-fifth resistor is connected to the fourth access operational amplifier
  • the first switch is connected to one end of the fifty-third resistor, one end of the fifty-fourth resistor, one end of the fifty-fifth resistor, one end of the fifty-sixth resistor and the grounding terminal;
  • the other end of the fifty-third resistor is connected to the forty-seventh resistor
  • the other end of the fifty-fourth resistor is connected to the forty-ninth resistor
  • the other end of the fifty-fifth resistor is connected to the fiftieth resistor
  • the other end of the fifty-sixth resistor is connected to the fifty-first resistor
  • the forty-seventh resistor, the forty-ninth resistor, the fiftieth resistor, and the fifty-first resistor are all connected to the drive voltage terminal;
  • the input end of the thirty-second diode is connected to the collector of the thirteenth diode
  • the thirteenth pole tube, the emitter is connected to the ground terminal and one end of the fourteenth capacitor; the base is connected to one end of the sixtieth resistor, one end of the sixty-fourth resistor, and the other end of the fourteenth capacitor connected;
  • the other end of the sixtieth resistor is connected with the vehicle starting circuit.
  • This circuit structure can add a forced start function, so that the clip can be opened to start the car even when the car battery is 0V.
  • the forced start circuit is composed of the twenty-first diode D21, the thirty-second diode D32, and the first switch SW1.
  • the first switch SW1 When the first switch SW1 is closed, the twenty One diode D21 and the anode of the thirty-second diode D32 are short-circuited to the ground, the cathode of the twenty-first diode D21 is connected to the base of the eighth triode Q8 through the forty-eighth resistor R48, and the third The cathode of the twelve diode D32 is connected to the base of the ninth triode Q9 through the twenty-fourth diode D24 and the fifty-ninth resistor R59, which is equivalent to connecting the eighth triode Q8 and the ninth triode
  • the base of the transistor Q9 is connected to the ground, so that the eighth triode Q8 and the ninth triode Q9 enter the cut-off state, and the PIN3 of the first access operational amplifier IC1A is activated to be at a high level
  • the reverse charging detection circuit may include:
  • the positive input terminal of the fourth detection operational amplifier is connected to both one end of the twenty-fourth resistor and one end of the thirty-fifth resistor;
  • the other end of the twenty-fourth resistor is connected to the ground terminal
  • the other end of the thirty-fifth resistor is connected to the output end of the fifth detection operational amplifier, one end of the sixty-ninth resistor, and the sixteenth capacitor;
  • the negative input terminal of the fifth detection operational amplifier is connected to one end of the sixty-eighth resistor, the other end of the sixty-ninth resistor, and the other end of the sixteenth capacitor;
  • the positive input terminal of the fifth detection operational amplifier is connected to both one end of the sixty-sixth resistor and one end of the sixty-seventh resistor;
  • the other end of the sixty-sixth resistor is connected to the driving voltage end
  • the other end of the sixty-seventh resistor is connected to the ground.
  • the reverse charging protection in this circuit is changed from the original voltage detection method to the current detection method, because the current detection method is convenient for production testing. Therefore, the reverse charging current detection circuit composed of IC5, R67, R68, R69, C16 and so on is added.
  • the anti-charging detection module is composed of IC1D, R4, R7, D3, IC5, R67, R68, R69, C16 and other peripheral components.
  • the reverse charging current passes through the negative line, and is sent to PIN1 of IC5 by R67 for amplification, and then sent to PIN12 of IC1D.
  • PIN14 of IC1D outputs high level, which is sent to PIN10 of IC1C through D3, R36, R40 to make PIN8 of IC1C output high level, turn on Q7, and make PIN3 of start-up control module IC1A low level, the clamp output relay K1 is disconnected.
  • the display circuit may include:
  • a first light emitting diode the input end of the first light emitting diode is connected to the driving voltage end;
  • the output end of the first light-emitting diode is connected to one end of the thirty-third resistor
  • the other end of the thirty-third resistor is connected to the collector of the fifth triode
  • the emitter of the fifth triode is connected to the ground terminal and one end of the seventy-first resistor; the base of the fifth triode is connected to one end of the seventieth resistor and one end of the seventy-first resistor connected at the other end;
  • a thirty-second resistor one end of the thirty-second resistor is connected to the vehicle starting circuit
  • the other end of the thirty-second resistor is connected to the input end of the second light emitting diode
  • the output terminal of the second light emitting diode is connected to the ground terminal
  • a sixty-second resistor one end of the sixty-second resistor is connected to the driving voltage end; the other end of the sixty-second resistor is connected to the input end of the third light-emitting diode;
  • the output end of the third light emitting diode is connected to the ground end.
  • a standby display circuit is added to the circuit, which can make the display more intuitive and convenient for free adjustment.
  • the brightness of LED1 is incorrectly displayed, and a separate driving circuit for LED1 is added.
  • the standby display is composed of LED3/R62.
  • a DC-DC circuit voltage stabilization circuit is formed through U1, and the current limiting power supply to LED3 through R62 makes LED3 light up.
  • the working principle of the error display circuit is as follows: when an error occurs, STOP is at a high level and through R70/R71, Q5 is turned on and LED1 is turned on, and the brightness of LED1 can be adjusted by adjusting the resistance of R33.
  • the portable standby starting device may also include a voltage bias switch circuit, and the voltage bias switch circuit may include:
  • the twenty-second resistor one end of the twenty-second resistor is connected to the source of the fourth field effect transistor, one end of the thirty-seventh resistor, the emitter of the sixth triode, and the source of the twenty-eighth diode
  • the four input terminals are connected; the other end of the twenty-second resistor, the drain of the fourth field effect transistor and the voltage regulation circuit are connected;
  • the gate of the fourth field effect transistor is connected to the other end of the thirty-seventh resistor, the output end of the twenty-seventh diode, and the collector of the sixth triode;
  • the input end of the twenty-seventh diode is connected to one end of the fourteenth resistor
  • the other end of the fourteenth resistor is connected to the driving voltage end
  • the base of the sixth triode is connected to one end of the twentieth resistor, the output end of the twenty-eighth diode, and one end of the twenty-ninth resistor;
  • the other end of the twentieth resistor is connected to the ground terminal
  • the other end of the twenty-ninth resistor is connected to the output end of the twenty-ninth diode
  • the input terminal of the twenty-ninth diode is connected with the second access operational amplifier.
  • This circuit can add an electronic switch circuit to reduce the problem of excessive power consumption when the output terminal of U1 is reversed or shorted.
  • the bias voltage electronic switch circuit is composed of R22, R14, R20, R29, R37, D27, D28, D29, Q4, Q6, etc.
  • the high level is output by PIN7 of IC4B
  • Q6 is turned on through D29, R29, R20, Q4 is turned off, and the voltage output of the bias circuit is turned off, so as to reduce the power consumption of U1.
  • the battery voltage detection circuit may include:
  • the first is connected to the operational amplifier, the positive input terminal is connected to one end of the forty-sixth resistor and the 1.6V voltage terminal; the negative input terminal is connected to both one end of the twenty-fifth resistor and one end of the nineteenth resistor; output The terminal is connected with the output terminal of the 30th diode and the output terminal of the 23rd diode;
  • the input end of the thirtieth diode is connected to the other end of the forty-sixth resistor;
  • the other end of the twenty-fifth resistor is connected to the ground.
  • the battery voltage detection circuit includes a battery overvoltage detection subcircuit, and the battery overvoltage detection subcircuit includes:
  • the first is connected to the operational amplifier, the positive input terminal is connected to one end of the forty-sixth resistor and the 1.6V voltage terminal; the negative input terminal is connected to both one end of the twenty-fifth resistor and one end of the nineteenth resistor; output The terminal is connected with the output terminal of the 30th diode and the output terminal of the 23rd diode;
  • the input end of the thirtieth diode is connected to the other end of the forty-sixth resistor;
  • the other end of the twenty-fifth resistor is connected to the ground.
  • the battery high-voltage detection circuit uses an operational amplifier as a hysteresis voltage comparator, which can solve the problem of flickering when the LED turns on when the high-voltage protection is critical. At the same time, in order to save costs, the original load access detection IC4A is used as a battery high voltage detection circuit.
  • the battery voltage detection module works: the battery voltage detection module is composed of IC3A, R13, R28, R15, R27, R19, R25, R46, IC4A, D1, D23, D30, D10 and other peripheral components.
  • the battery voltage detection module is composed of IC3A, R13, R28, R15, R27, R19, R25, R46, IC4A, D1, D23, D30, D10 and other peripheral components.
  • the four pull-up resistors R35, R46, and R24 are R35 originally connected to IC4B, R46 originally connected to IC4C, R24 originally connected to IC1A, and R37 originally connected to IC1A. , R37 are moved to other places for use.
  • the chip model can refer to the contents of the attached drawings, which will not be repeated in this embodiment.
  • portable backup starting device 100 for the vehicle described in this embodiment can complete the detection and ignition of the vehicle load without any microprocessor; A complete portable backup starting device 100, so as to achieve the effect of conveniently starting the car.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a spare starting tool for a vehicle provided in some other embodiments of the present application.
  • the backup starting tool may include a wire clip 200 and the portable backup starting device 100 described in the embodiment, wherein,
  • the wire clamp 200 can be connected with the portable backup starting device 100 for connecting the portable backup starting device 100 and the vehicle load of the vehicle.
  • FIG. 13 shows a schematic structural diagram of a spare starting tool for a vehicle.
  • the tool can connect the portable backup starting device 100 to the vehicle load through the wire clip 200, so that the portable backup starting device 100 can supply power to the vehicle load to start the ignition.
  • the portable backup starting device 100 when the wire clamp 200 in the backup starting tool is connected to the vehicle load, the portable backup starting device 100 can detect whether the load is connected. If the load is connected to the circuit through the wire clamp 200, the portable backup starting device 100 can start the vehicle. It can be seen that implementing this embodiment saves time and effort.
  • the present application provides a portable backup starting device for a vehicle.
  • the portable backup starting device includes a battery circuit, a load access detection circuit, and a vehicle start circuit, wherein the battery circuit is coupled to the load access detection circuit and the vehicle start circuit. It is used to supply power to the load access detection circuit and the vehicle start circuit; the load access detection circuit is coupled to the vehicle start circuit, and is used to detect whether the vehicle start circuit is connected to the vehicle load; the vehicle start circuit is used to detect whether the load access When the detection circuit detects that the vehicle load is connected, it outputs a vehicle starting current for controlling the vehicle to perform an ignition operation. It can be seen that the implementation of this embodiment can solve the problem of how to conveniently start the car, and at the same time improve the technical effect of ignition safety.
  • the portable backup starting device and backup starting tool of the present application are reproducible and can be used in various applications.
  • the portable backup starting device and backup starting tool of the present application can be applied to the field of electrical equipment, such as the field of automobiles.

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Abstract

一种车辆的便携式备用启动装置，包括电池电路（10）、负载接入侦测电路（20）以及车辆启动电路（30），电池电路（10）耦接于负载接入侦测电路（20）和车辆启动电路（30），用于为负载接入侦测电路（20）和车辆启动电路（30）供电；负载接入侦测电路（20）耦接于车辆启动电路（30），用于侦测车辆启动电路（30）是否接入车辆负载；车辆启动电路（30）用于在负载接入侦测电路（20）侦测到车辆负载接入时，输出用于控制车辆进行打火操作的车辆启动电流。该便携式备用启动装置能够便捷地为汽车进行打火，具备较高的打火安全性。

Description

一种车辆的便携式备用启动装置和备用启动工具
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2021年08月11日提交中国国家知识产权局的申请号为202121875316.7、名称为“一种车辆的便携式备用启动装置和备用启动工具”的中国专利申请的优先权；要求于2021年08月11日提交中国国家知识产权局的申请号为202110917728.0、名称为“一种车辆的便携式备用启动装置和备用启动工具”的中国专利申请的优先权；要求于2021年09月27日提交中国国家知识产权局的申请号为202111138746.5、名称为“一种车辆的便携式备用启动装置和备用启动工具”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电气设备领域，具体而言，涉及一种车辆的便携式备用启动装置和备用启动工具。
背景技术
随着社会的高速发展，越来越的私家车出现在了道路之上。然而，大多数的轿车都需要打火启动，这就使得汽车电瓶的必须要在有电的情况下才可以进行打火操作。然而，在实践中发现，总会有一些意外的情况导致轿车办法进行打火操作，例如电瓶没电的时候。可见，在这种情况下，通常只能够等待道路救援，从而导致了时间和金钱白白被浪费掉。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供了一种车辆的便携式备用启动装置和备用启动工具。至少能够解决如何便捷地为汽车进行打火的问题，同时提高打火安全性，节约呼叫道路救援而浪费掉的时间与金钱。
本申请实施例提供了一种车辆的便携式备用启动装置，所述便携式备用启动装置可以包括电池电路、负载接入侦测电路以及车辆启动电路，其中，
所述电池电路可以耦接于所述负载接入侦测电路和所述车辆启动电路，用于为所述负载接入侦测电路和所述车辆启动电路供电；
所述负载接入侦测电路可以耦接于所述车辆启动电路，用于侦测所述车辆启动电路是否接入车辆负载；并在所述负载接入侦测电路侦测到所述车辆负载接入时，控制所述车辆启动电路输出用于控制所述车辆进行打火操作的车辆启动电流，在所述负载接入侦测电路侦测到所述车辆负载未接入时，控制所述车辆启动电路禁止输出用于控制所述车辆进行打火操作的车辆启动电流。
在上述实现过程中，该车辆的便携式备用启动装置中包括电池电路、负载接入侦测电路以及车辆启动电路。其中，电池电路中包括电池或电池组，以及电池相关配属器件，而负载接入侦测电路在接受电池电路的供电时侦测是否连接到负载，并在连接到负载时通过车辆启动电路对车辆进行打火操作。可见，实施这种实施方式，能够在不需要任何微处理器的基础上便完成对车辆负载的检测于打火；并且，还能够通过上述三部分电路的组合构成完整的便携式备用启动装置，从而实现为汽车进行便捷打火的效果。
可选地，所述便携式备用启动装置还可以包括反接短路侦测电路，其中，
所述反接短路侦测电路可以耦接于所述负载接入侦测电路，用于侦测所述车辆负载是否处于反接状态或短路状态，并在所述车辆负载处于所述反接状态或所述短路状态时控制所述车辆启动电路禁止输出所述车辆启动电流。
在上述实现过程中，便携式备用启动装置还可以包括反接短路侦测电路，当便携式备用启动装置中设置有反接短路侦测电路时，该便携式备用启动装置能够根据车辆负载的连接状态对打火操作进行自动控制，从而保证车辆安全打火，提高车辆启动的安全性。
可选地，所述便携式备用启动装置还可以包括负载电压侦测电路，其中，
所述负载电压侦测电路可以耦接于所述负载接入侦测电路，用于侦测所述车辆负载是否处于高电压状态或低电压状态，并在所述车辆负载处于所述高电压状态或所述低电压状态时控制所述车辆启动电路禁止输出所述车辆启动电流。
在上述实现过程中，便携式备用启动装置包括的负载电压侦测电路能够对负载电压做出反应，从而通过电路结果对车辆启动电路进行反馈，以使车辆启动电路停止供电或禁止供电，从而基于负载电压进行了安全性防护。
可选地，所述便携式备用启动装置还可以包括反充侦测电路，其中，
所述反充侦测电路可以耦接于所述负载接入侦测电路，用于侦测所述车辆负载的电压是否高于所述电池电路的输出电压，并在所述车辆负载的电压高于所述电池电路的输出电压时控制所述车辆启动电路禁止输出所述车辆启动电流。
在上述实现过程中，便携式备用启动装置包括的反充侦测电路能够根据电池电压和负载电压进行比较，并在负载电压高于电池电压时及时通过电路结构对便携式备用启动装置中的车辆启动电路做出反馈，以使车辆启动电路禁止输出车辆启动电流。
可选地，所述便携式备用启动装置还可以包括过流侦测电路，其中，
所述过流侦测电路可以耦接于所述车辆启动电路，用于侦测所述车辆启动电路输出的车辆启动电流是否大于预设电 流阈值，并在所述车辆启动电路输出的车辆启动电流大于所述预设电流阈值时控制所述车辆启动电路禁止输出所述车辆启动电流。
在上述实现过程中，便携式备用启动装置中的过流侦测电路能够根据输出的车辆启动电流进行自动调整，以使便携式备用启动装置不能输出大于预设电流阈值的车辆启动电流，从而保证输出的车辆启动电流是安全电流。
可选地，所述便携式备用启动装置还可以包括强制启动电路，所述强制启动电路可以包括：
第三十六二极管，所述第三十六二极管的输入端与所述负载接入侦测电路相连接；所述第三十六二极管的输出端与第三十二二极管的输出端和第一开关的一端两者相连接；
所述第三十二二极管的输入端与所述负载接入侦测电路相连接；
所述第一开关的另一端与接地端相连接。
可选地，所述电池电路可以包括电池、电压调节电路以及电池电压侦测电路，其中，
所述电池可以耦接于所述电压调节电路和所述电池电压侦测电路，用于为其它电路供电；
所述电压调节电路可以用于调节所述电池的输出电压；
所述电池电压侦测电路可以用于侦测所述电池是否处于高电压状态或低电压状态，并在所述电池处于所述高电压状态或所述低电压状态时控制所述车辆启动电路禁止输出所述车辆启动电流。
在上述实现过程中，电池电路通常包括电池或者电池组，还有DC-DC电路以及电池电压侦测电路。其中，电池电路通过电池进行供电，通过DC-DC电路对输出电压值进行调整，并在电池电压侦测电路的监控下输出合适的电压，以使车辆启动电路能够确保输出合适的车辆启动电流。
可选地，所述便携式备用启动装置还可以包括温度侦测电路，其中，
所述温度侦测电路可以耦接于所述车辆启动电路，用于侦测所述便携式备用启动装置是否处于预设的高温状态，并在所述便携式备用启动装置处于所述高温状态时控制所述车辆启动电路禁止输出所述车辆启动电流。
在上述实现过程中，便携式备用启动装置中包括的温度侦测电路能够对便携式备用启动装置的温度进行实时侦测，以使便携式备用启动装置的温度过高时，及时停止车辆启动电路的供电，从而保证便携式备用启动装置的使用安全性。
可选地，所述便携式备用启动装置还可以包括告警电路，其中，
所述告警电路可以耦接于所述车辆启动电路，用于在所述车辆启动电路处于禁止输出所述车辆启动电流的状态时，控制蜂鸣器发出告警。
在上述实现过程中，便携式备用启动装置中包括的告警电路可以再上述任何电路检测出问题的同时控制蜂鸣器进行告警，以使使用者更容易得知便携式备用启动装置无法正常工作。
可选地，所述便携式备用启动装置还可以包括显示电路，其中，
所述显示电路可以耦接于所述车辆启动电路，用于显示与所述便携式备用启动装置的工作状态相对应的指示灯。
在上述实现过程中，显示电路可以通过可视化的方法显示出便携式备用启动装置的工作状态，以使使用者可以轻松得知。
可选地，所述负载接入侦测电路还可以包括：
第九三极管，发射极与接地端和第六十一电阻的一端相连接，基极与所述第六十一电阻的另一端和第五十九电阻的一端两者相连接，集电极与所述车辆启动电路相连接；
第八三极管，发射极与所述接地端和第五十七电阻的一端相连接，基极与所述第五十七电阻的另一端和第四十八电阻的一端两者相连接，集电极与所述车辆启动电路相连接；
所述第五十九电阻的另一端与第二十四二极管的输出端相连接；
所述第二十四二极管的输入端与所述第十三极管的集电极相连接；
所述第四十八电阻的另一端与第二十一二极管的输入端和第六十五电阻的一端两者相连接；
所述第六十五电阻的另一端与第四接入运算放大器相连接；
所述第二十一二极管的输出端与第三十二二极管的输出端皆与第一开关相连接；
所述第一开关与第五十三电阻的一端、第五十四电阻的一端、第五十五电阻的一端、第五十六电阻的一端以及接地端相连接；
所述第五十三电阻的另一端与第四十七电阻相连接；
所述第五十四电阻的另一端与第四十九电阻相连接；
所述第五十五电阻的另一端与第五十电阻相连接；
所述第五十六电阻的另一端与第五十一电阻相连接；
所述第四十七电阻、所述第四十九电阻、所述第五十电阻、所述第五十一电阻四种皆与驱动电压端相连接；
所述第三十二二极管的输入端与所述第十三极管的集电极相连接；
所述第十三极管，发射极与所述接地端、第十四电容的一端两者相连接；基极与所述第六十电阻的一端、第六十四电阻的一端以及所述第十四电容的另一端三者相连接；
所述第六十电阻的另一端与所述车辆启动电路相连接。
可选地，所述反充侦测电路可以包括：
所述第四侦测运算放大器的正输入端与第二十四电阻的一端和第三十五电阻的一端两者相连接；
所述第二十四电阻的另一端与接地端相连接；
所述第三十五电阻的另一端与第五侦测运算放大器的输出端、第六十九电阻的一端、第十六电容三者相连接；
所述第五侦测运算放大器的负输入端与第六十八电阻的一端、第六十九电阻的另一端、第十六电容的另一端三者相连接；
所述第五侦测运算放大器的正输入端与第六十六电阻的一端、第六十七电阻的一端两者相连接；
所述第六十六电阻的另一端与驱动电压端相连接；
所述第六十七电阻的另一端与接地端相连接。
可选地，所述显示电路可以包括：
第一发光二极管，所述第一发光二极管的输入端与驱动电压端相连接；
所述第一发光二极管的输出端与第三十三电阻的一端相连接；
所述第三十三电阻的另一端与第五三极管的集电极相连接；
所述第五三极管的发射极与接地端、第七十一电阻的一端相连接；所述第五三极管的基极与所述第七十电阻的一端和第七十一电阻的另一端相连接；
第三十二电阻，所述第三十二电阻的一端与所述车辆启动电路相连接；
所述第三十二电阻的另一端与第二发光二极管的输入端相连接；
所述第二发光二极管的输出端与接地端相连接；
第六十二电阻，所述第六十二电阻的一端与驱动电压端相连接；所述第六十二电阻的另一端与第三发光二极管的输入端相连接；
所述第三发光二极管的输出端与接地端相连接。
可选地，所述便携式备用启动装置还可以包括电压偏置开关电路，所述电压偏置开关电路包括：
第二十二电阻，所述第二十二电阻的一端与第四场效应管的源极、第三十七电阻的一端、第六三极管的发射极、第二十八二极管的输入端四者相连接；所述第二十二电阻的另一端、所述第四场效应管的漏极以及所述电压调节电路相连接；
所述第四场效应管的栅极与所述第三十七电阻的另一端、第二十七二极管的输出端、所述第六三极管的集电极三者相连接；
所述第二十七二极管的输入端与第十四电阻的一端相连接；
所述第十四电阻的另一端与驱动电压端相连接；
所述第六三极管的基极与第二十电阻的一端、所述第二十八二极管的输出端、第二十九电阻的一端三者相连接；
所述第二十电阻的另一端与接地端相连接；
所述第二十九电阻的另一端与第二十九二极管的输出端相连接；
所述第二十九二极管的输入端与第二接入运算放大器相连接。
可选地，所述电池电压侦测电路可以包括：
第一接入运算放大器，正输入端与第四十六电阻的一端和1.6V电压端相连接；负输入端与第二十五电阻的一端和第十九电阻的一端两者相连接；输出端与第三十二极管的输出端、第二十三二极管的输出端两者相连接；
所述第三十二极管的输入端与所述第四十六电阻的另一端相连接；
所述第二十五电阻的另一端与接地端相连接。
本申请实施例还提供了一种车辆的备用启动工具，所述备用启动工具可以包括线夹与上述的便携式备用启动装置，其中，
所述线夹可以与所述便携式备用启动装置相连接，用于连接所述便携式备用启动装置和所述车辆的车辆负载。
可选地，所述负载接入侦测电路可以包括电压式负载侦测子电路和/或电阻式负载侦测子电路。
可选地，所述便携式备用启动装置还可以包括第一延时电路和/或第二延时电路，所述第一延时电路和/或所述第二延时电路皆可以耦接于所述车辆启动电路；其中，
所述第一延时电路可以用于控制所述车辆启动电路延时断开；
所述第二延时电路可以用于控制所述车辆启动电路延时启动。
可选地，电池电压侦测电路可以包括相互连接的电池欠压侦测子电路和/或电池过压侦测子电路。
在上述实现过程中，该备用启动工具中的线夹连接到车辆负载时，便携式备用启动装置就可以检测到负载是否接入。如果负载通过线夹接入到电路，便携式备用启动装置便可以对车辆进行打火操作。可见，实施这种实施方式既省时又省力。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，应当理解，以下附图仅示出了本申请的某些实施例，因此不应被看作是对范围的限定，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种车辆的便携式备用启动装置的结构示意图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的另一种车辆的便携式备用启动装置的结构示意图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的另一种车辆的便携式备用启动装置的结构示意图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的一种电压调节电路的电路结构示意图；
图5为本申请实施例提供的一种车辆启动电路的电路结构示意图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的一种负载接入侦测电路、负载电压侦测电路以及反接短路侦测电路三者的组合电路结构示意图；
图7为本申请实施例提供的一种电池电压侦测电路的电路结构示意图；
图8为本申请实施例提供的一种反充侦测电路的电路结构示意图；
图9为本申请实施例提供的一种温度侦测电路的电路结构示意图；
图10为本申请实施例提供的一种告警电路的电路结构示意图；
图11为本申请实施例提供的一种显示电路的电路结构示意图；
图12为本申请实施例提供的一种过流侦测电路的电路结构示意图；
图13为本申请实施例提供的一种车辆的备用启动工具的结构示意图；
图14为本申请实施例提供的另一种负载接入侦测电路、负载电压侦测电路以及反接短路侦测电路三者的组合电路结构示意图；
图15为本申请实施例提供的另一种反充侦测电路的电路结构示意图；
图16为本申请实施例提供的另一种显示电路的电路结构示意图；
图17为本申请实施例提供的一种电压偏置开关电路和电压调节电路的电路组合示意图；
图18为本申请实施例提供的另一种电池电压侦测电路的电路结构示意图；
图19为本申请实施例提供的一种负载接入侦测电路与强制启动电路的电路组合示意图；
图20为本申请实施例提供的一种第一延时电路和第二延时电路的电路结构示意图。
图标：100-便携式备用启动装置；10-电池电路；11-电池；12-电压调节电路；13-电池电压侦测电路；20-负载接入侦测电路；30-车辆启动电路；40-反接短路侦测电路；50-负载电压侦测电路；60-反充侦测电路；70-过流侦测电路；80-温度侦测电路；91-告警电路；92-显示电路；200-线夹。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。通常在此处附图中描述和示出的本申请实施例的组件可以以各种不同的配置来布置和设计。因此，以下对在附图中提供的本申请的实施例的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本申请的范围，而是仅仅表示本申请的选定实施例。基于本申请的实施例，本领域技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
在本申请中，术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“前”、“后”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”、“中”、“竖直”、“水平”、“横向”、“纵向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系。这些术语主要是为了更好地描述本申请及其实施例，并非用于限定所指示的装置、元件或组成部分必须具有特定方位，或以特定方位进行构造和操作。
并且，上述部分术语除了可以用于表示方位或位置关系以外，还可能用于表示其他含义，例如术语“上”在某些情况下也可能用于表示某种依附关系或连接关系。对于本领域普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解这些术语在本申请中的具体含义。
此外，术语“安装”、“设置”、“设有”、“连接”、“相连”应做广义理解。例如，可以是固定连接，可拆卸连接，或整体式构造；可以是机械连接，或点连接；可以是直接相连，或者是通过中间媒介间接相连，又或者是两个装置、元件或组成部分之间内部的联通。对于本领域普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”等主要是用于区分不同的装置、元件或组成部分(具体的种类和构造可能相同也可能 不同)，并非用于表明或暗示所指示装置、元件或组成部分的相对重要性和数量。除非另有说明，“多个”的含义为两个或两个以上。
下面将参照附图对根据本申请的实施例所提供的便携式备用启动装置进行详细地描述。
请参看图1，图1为本申请的一些实施例提供了一种车辆的便携式备用启动装置100的结构示意图。其中，便携式备用启动装置100可以包括电池电路10、负载接入侦测电路20以及车辆启动电路30，其中，
电池电路10可以耦接于负载接入侦测电路20和车辆启动电路30，用于为负载接入侦测电路20和车辆启动电路30供电；
负载接入侦测电路20可以耦接于车辆启动电路30，用于侦测车辆启动电路30是否接入车辆负载；并在负载接入侦测电路20侦测到车辆负载接入时，控制车辆启动电路30输出用于控制车辆进行打火操作的车辆启动电流，在负载接入侦测电路20侦测到车辆负载未接入时，控制车辆启动电路30禁止输出用于控制车辆进行打火操作的车辆启动电流。
本实施例中，耦接可以用于表示该电路的输出端与输入端皆与另一电路相连接。
请参阅图5，图5示出了一种车辆启动电路30的电路结构示意图。其中，车辆启动电路30又称为启动控制模块，可以由K1/Q3/R10/R11/IC1A/IC1B等外围元件组成。当IC1A的PIN3为高电平时，IC1A的PIN3即输出高电平，Q3导通，继电器K1吸合，电池正极通过继电器与线夹输出正极接通，线夹输出正负极分别正确连接到汽车电池，即可进行打火。当IC1A的PIN3为低电平时，则继电器K1断开线夹正极输出。
请参阅图6，图6示出了一种负载接入侦测电路20、负载电压侦测电路50以及反接短路侦测电路40三者的组合电路结构示意图。其中，负载接入侦测电路20又称为负载侦测模块，可以由IC4D/IC4A/R47/R53/R49/R54等外围元件组成。当线夹输出端的正负极接入负载时，IC4D的PIN13与IC4A的PIN3电压会相应的变化，从而使IC4D的PIN14或IC4A的PIN1电平发生翻转，从高电平变成低电平，这个低电平使Q8截止，Q8截止后，启动控制模块IC1A的PIN3为高电平，线夹输出继电器K1吸合。
本实施例中，IC4D与相关元器件构成了电压式负载侦测子电路。
作为一种可选的实施方式，负载接入侦测电路20可以包括：
第九三极管，发射极与接地端和第六十一电阻的一端相连接，基极与第六十一电阻的另一端和第五十九电阻的一端两者相连接，集电极与车辆启动电路相连接；
第八三极管，发射极与接地端和第五十七电阻的一端相连接，基极与第五十七电阻的另一端和第四十八电阻的一端两者相连接，集电极与车辆启动电路相连接；
第五十九电阻的另一端与第二十四二极管的输出端相连接；
第二十四二极管的输入端与第十三极管的集电极相连接；
第四十八电阻的另一端与第二十一二极管的输出端和第二十三二极管的输出端两者相连接；
第二十一二极管的输入端与第四接入运算放大器相连接；
第二十三二极管的输入端与第一接入运算放大器相连接；
第二十一二极管的输出端与第二十三二极管的输出端皆与第十三极管的集电极相连接；
第十三极管，发射极与接地端和第六十二电阻的一端相连接，基极与第六十二电阻的另一端和第六十电阻的一端两者相连接；
第六十电阻的另一端与车辆启动电路相连接。
作为一种可选的实施方式，便携式备用启动装置100还可以包括反接短路侦测电路40，其中，
反接短路侦测电路40可以耦接于负载接入侦测电路20，用于侦测车辆负载是否处于反接状态或短路状态，并在车辆负载处于反接状态或短路状态时控制车辆启动电路30禁止输出车辆启动电流。
本实施例中，反接短路侦测电路40可以与电池电路10相连接。
本实施例中，耦接具体地可以用于表示该电路的输出端与另一电路的输出端共同连接到其他电路的同一位置，该电路的输入端与另一电路的输入端也共同连接到其他电路的同一位置。
请参阅图6，图6示出了一种负载接入侦测电路20、负载电压侦测电路50以及反接短路侦测电路40三者的组合电路结构示意图。其中，反接短路侦测电路40又称反接短路侦测模块，可以由IC4B/R34/R38/R51/R56/ZD3/D20等组成。用于在接入汽车电池(即车辆负载)反接或短路时，IC4B的PIN7输出高电平经过D18使Q9导通，使启动控制模块IC1A的PIN3为低电平，从而使得线夹输出继电器K1断开。
作为一种可选的实施方式，反接短路侦测电路40可以包括：
第二接入运算放大器，输出端与第三十五电阻的一端和第十八二极管的输入端相连接，输入端与负载接入侦测电路相连接；
第三十五电阻的另一端与驱动电压端相连接；
第十八二极管的输出端与负载接入侦测电路相连接；
第三稳压二极管，输入端与接地端相连接，输出端与负载接入侦测电路相连接；
第二十二极管，输入端与接地端相连接，输出端与负载接入侦测电路相连接；
第三十八电阻，一端与接地端相连接，另一端与负载接入侦测电路相连接；
第三十四电阻，一端与车辆负载相连接，另一端与负载接入侦测电路相连接。
作为一种可选的实施方式，便携式备用启动装置100还可以包括负载电压侦测电路50，其中，
负载电压侦测电路50可以耦接于负载接入侦测电路20，用于侦测车辆负载是否处于高电压状态或低电压状态，并在车辆负载处于高电压状态或低电压状态时控制车辆启动电路30禁止输出车辆启动电流。
本实施例中，负载电压侦测电路50可以与电池电路10相连接。
请参阅图6，图6示出了一种负载接入侦测电路20、负载电压侦测电路50以及反接短路侦测电路40三者的组合电路结构示意图。因为，车辆负载即为汽车电池，因此负载电压侦测电路50又称之为汽车电压侦测模块。该负载电压侦测电路50可以由IC4C/R44/R52/R50/R55等组成，当接入汽车电池电压高于11V时，IC4C的PIN8输出高电平经过D22使Q9导通，使启动控制模块IC1A的PIN3为低电平，线夹输出继电器K1断开。
如图6所示，IC4D、D21以及其他外围元件构成了电压式负载侦测子电路。其他外围元件可以包括R47、R49、R50、R51、R53、R54、R55以及R56。
如图6所示，IC4A、D23以及其他外围元件构成了电阻式负载侦测子电路。其他外围元件可以包括R47、R49、R50、R51、R53、R54、R55以及R56。
作为一种可选的实施方式，负载电压侦测电路50可以包括：
第五十八电阻，一端与第二十二二极管的输出端和与负载接入侦测电路两者相连接，另一端与负载接入侦测电路相连接；
第二十二二极管的输出端与负载接入侦测电路相连接，负载接入侦测电路两者相连接的输入端与第四十六电阻的一端和第三接入运算放大器的输出端相连接；
第四十六电阻的另一端与驱动电压端相连接；
第三接入运算放大器的输入端与第五十二电阻的一端和第四十四电阻的一端相连接；
五十二电阻的另一端与接地端相连接；
四十四电阻的另一端与车辆启动电路相连接。
作为一种可选的实施方式，便携式备用启动装置100还可以包括反充侦测电路60，其中，
反充侦测电路60可以耦接于负载接入侦测电路20，用于侦测车辆负载的电压是否高于电池电路10的输出电压，并在车辆负载的电压高于电池电路10的输出电压时控制车辆启动电路30禁止输出车辆启动电流。
本实施例中，反充侦测电路60可以与电池电路10相连接。
请参阅图8，图8示出了一种反充侦测电路60的电路结构示意图。其中反充侦测电路60又称之为反充侦测模块，具体地可以由IC1D/R4/R7/D3等外围元件组成，当接入汽车电池电压比输入电池电压高于0.5V时，IC1D的PIN14输出高电平，经过D22使Q9导通，使启动控制模块IC1A的PIN3为低电平，线夹输出继电器K1断开。
作为一种可选的实施方式，反充侦测电路60可以包括：
第三二极管，输出端与负载接入侦测电路相连接，输入端与反充运算放大器的输出端相连接；
第四侦测运算放大器的正输入端与车辆负载相连接，反充运算放大器的负输入端与第四电阻的一端和第七电阻的一端两者相连接；
第四电阻的另一端与电池电路相连接；
第七电阻的另一端与接地端相连接。
作为一种可选的实施方式，便携式备用启动装置100还可以包括过流侦测电路70，其中，
过流侦测电路70可以耦接于车辆启动电路30，用于侦测车辆启动电路30输出的车辆启动电流是否大于预设电流阈值，并在车辆启动电路30输出的车辆启动电流大于预设电流阈值时控制车辆启动电路30禁止输出车辆启动电流。
请参阅图12，图12示出了一种过流侦测电路70的电路结构示意图。其中，过流侦测电路70又称之为过流侦测模块，可以由IC1C/R40/R39/R42/R45/R36/D17/R41/R43/D19/Q7等外围元件组成。用于在检测到输出电流过大时，IC1C的PIN10电压升高，IC1C的PIN8输出高电平，使Q7导通，使启动控制模块IC1A的PIN3为低电平，线夹输出继电器K1断开。
本实施例中，便携式备用启动装置还可以包括第一延时电路和/或第二延时电路，第一延时电路和/或第二延时电路皆可以耦接于车辆启动电路；其中，
第一延时电路可以用于控制车辆启动电路延时断开；
第二延时电路可以用于控制车辆启动电路延时启动。
在本实施例中，第一延时电路可以为30秒延时电路，该电路主要起到计时的功能。其中，当第一延时电路完成计时的时候，关闭车辆启动电路，从而实现断开输出的效果。
在本实施例中，第二延时电路可以为3秒延时电路，该电路主要起到延时启动的功能。其中，当线夹连接到车辆负载时稍作延时，从而起到消除接触火花的效果。
请参阅图12，在图12中，D13、IC1B、C10、R31、D12、D14以及D15构成了第一延时电路。具体地，该第一延时电路可以为30秒延时子电路。
同时，在图12中，R24、IC1A、C6、R21、R23、D9、D11、R30以及C9构成了第二延时电路。具体地，该第二延时电路可以为3秒延时子电路。
请参阅图20，图20中示出了第一延时电路和第二延时电路的另一种电路结构示意图。其中，第一延时电路可以为30秒延时子电路，第二延时电路可以为3秒延时子电路。
作为一种可选的实施方式，过流侦测电路70可以包括：
第七三极管，集电极与车辆启动电路相连接，发射极与接地端相连接，基极与第十九二极管的输入端、第四十三电阻的一端、第十一电容的一端以及第四十一电阻的一端四者相连接；
第四十三电阻的另一端与接地端相连接；
第十一电容的另一端与接地端相连接；
第十九二极管的输出端与第三十七电阻的一端、第十七二极管的输入端、第四十一电阻的另一端以及第三侦测运算放大器的输出端四者相连接；
第三十七电阻的另一端与驱动电压端相连接；
第十七二极管的输出端与第三十六电阻的一端相连接；
第三十六电阻的另一端与第十六二极管的输入端和第四十电阻的一端两者相连接；
第十六二极管的输出端与车辆启动电路相连接；
第四十电阻的另一端与第三侦测运算放大器的正输入端、第三十九电阻的一端、第十二电容的一端三者相连接；
第三十九电阻的另一端与车辆启动电路相连接；
第三侦测运算放大器的负输端与第四十五电阻的一端和第四十二电阻的一端两者相连接；
第四十五电阻的另一端与接地端相连接；
第四十二电阻的另一端与驱动电压端相连接。
作为一种可选的实施方式，所述便携式备用启动装置还可以包括强制启动电路，所述强制启动电路可以包括：
第三十六二极管，所述第三十六二极管的输入端与所述负载接入侦测电路相连接；所述第三十六二极管的输出端与第三十二二极管的输出端和第一开关的一端两者相连接；
所述第三十二二极管的输入端与所述负载接入侦测电路相连接；
所述第一开关的另一端与接地端相连接。
请参阅图19，图19示出了一种负载接入侦测电路与强制启动电路的电路组合示意图。图中强制启动控制模块即为强制启动电路。
作为一种可选的实施方式，电池电路10可以包括电池11、电压调节电路12以及电池电压侦测电路13，其中，
电池11可以耦接于电压调节电路12和电池电压侦测电路13，用于为其它电路供电；
电压调节电路12可以用于调节电池11的输出电压；
电池电压侦测电路13可以用于侦测电池11是否处于高电压状态或低电压状态，并在电池11处于高电压状态或低电压状态时控制车辆启动电路30禁止输出车辆启动电流。
请参阅图4，图4示出了一种电压调节电路12的电路结构示意图。其中，电压调节电路12可以为DC-DC电路，又称之为DC-DC模块。在该电路中，电池电压经D1/R3/U1/C4等组成的线性降压电路，输出稳定的5V电压供给各个电路。
请参阅图7，图7示出了一种电池电压侦测电路13的电路结构示意图。其中，电池电压侦测电路13又称之为电池电压侦测模块，具体地可以由IC3A/R13/R28/R15/R27/Q4/Q6/ZD1/R22/R29/ZD2/R19/R25/Q5/D10等外围元件组成。用于在电池电压过低或过高时，IC3A的PIN2电压变低，使IC3A的PIN1输出高电平，经过D22使Q9导通，使启动控制模块IC1A的PIN3为低电平，线夹输出继电器K1断开。
在图7中，电池欠压侦测子电路可以包括：IC3A、D6、D10、R16、R13、R28、R27、R15、R14、Q4、R20、Q6、R29、R22、C7以及ZD1。
在图7中，电池过压侦测子电路还可以包括：ZD2、R19、R25以及Q5。
在图18中，电池欠压侦测子电路可以包括：IC3A、D6、D10、D33、R13、R28、R27、R15、D1以及C7。
在图18中，电池过压侦测子电路还可以包括：R19、R25、IC4A、R46、D30以及D23。
作为一种可选的实施方式，便携式备用启动装置100还可以包括温度侦测电路80，其中，
温度侦测电路80可以耦接于车辆启动电路30，用于侦测便携式备用启动装置100是否处于预设的高温状态，并在便携式备用启动装置100处于高温状态时控制车辆启动电路30禁止输出车辆启动电流。
本实施例中，温度侦测电路80可以与电池电路10相连接。
请参阅图9，图9示出了一种温度侦测电路80的电路结构示意图。其中，温度侦测电路80又称之为温度侦测模块，具体地可以由IC3B/R17/R26/R18/NTC1/D8等外围元件组成。用于在NTC传感器检测到温度过高时，IC3B的PIN6电压变低，IC3B的PIN7输出高电平，经过D22使Q9导通，使启动控制模块IC1A的PIN3为低电平，线夹输出继电器K1断开。
作为一种可选的实施方式，便携式备用启动装置100还可以包括告警电路91，其中，
告警电路91可以耦接于车辆启动电路30，用于在车辆启动电路30处于禁止输出车辆启动电流的状态时，控制蜂鸣器发出告警。
本实施例中，告警电路91可以与电池电路10相连接。
请参阅图10，图10示出了一种告警电路91的电路结构示意图。其中，告警电路91又称之为报警模块，具体地可以由R2/BZ1/D4/Q2/R8/R9等组成。用于当发生接入错误或其他保护发生动作时，Q2的B极将输入一个高电平，使Q2导通，使蜂鸣器BZ1发出报警声。
作为一种可选的实施方式，便携式备用启动装置100还可以包括显示电路92，其中，
显示电路92可以耦接于车辆启动电路30，用于显示与便携式备用启动装置100的工作状态相对应的指示灯。
本实施例中，显示电路92可以与电池电路10相连接。
请参阅图11，图11示出了一种显示电路92的电路结构示意图。其中，显示电路92又称之为显示模块，可以由LED1/R33/LED2/R32组成，LED1可以为错误显示，当有错误发生时，STOP为高电平LED1点亮，LED2可以为正常显示，当继电器吸合时，IC1A的PIN3为高电平LED2点亮。
需要注意的是，本实施例中所描述的文字“第XX”相对应指代对应附图中的元件，如第九三极管对应Q9，第二十三二极管对应D23。
较为特殊的是，第一接入运算放大器对应IC4A、第二接入运算放大器对应IC4B、第三接入运算放大器对应IC4C、第四接入运算放大器对应IC4D；第一侦测运算放大器对应IC1A、第二侦测运算放大器对应IC1B、第三侦测运算放大器对应IC1C、第四侦测运算放大器对应IC1D。
作为一种可选的实施方式，负载接入侦测电路还可以包括：
第九三极管，发射极与接地端和第六十一电阻的一端相连接，基极与第六十一电阻的另一端和第五十九电阻的一端两者相连接，集电极与车辆启动电路相连接；
第八三极管，发射极与接地端和第五十七电阻的一端相连接，基极与第五十七电阻的另一端和第四十八电阻的一端两者相连接，集电极与车辆启动电路相连接；
第五十九电阻的另一端与第二十四二极管的输出端相连接；
第二十四二极管的输入端与第十三极管的集电极相连接；
第四十八电阻的另一端与第二十一二极管的输入端和第六十五电阻的一端两者相连接；
第六十五电阻的另一端与第四接入运算放大器相连接；
第二十一二极管的输出端与第三十二二极管的输出端皆与第一开关相连接；
第一开关与第五十三电阻的一端、第五十四电阻的一端、第五十五电阻的一端、第五十六电阻的一端以及接地端相连接；
第五十三电阻的另一端与第四十七电阻相连接；
第五十四电阻的另一端与第四十九电阻相连接；
第五十五电阻的另一端与第五十电阻相连接；
第五十六电阻的另一端与第五十一电阻相连接；
第四十七电阻、第四十九电阻、第五十电阻、第五十一电阻四种皆与驱动电压端相连接；
第三十二二极管的输入端与第十三极管的集电极相连接；
第十三极管，发射极与接地端、第十四电容的一端两者相连接；基极与第六十电阻的一端、第六十四电阻的一端以及第十四电容的另一端三者相连接；
第六十电阻的另一端与车辆启动电路相连接。
请参阅图14，该种电路结构能够增加强制启动功能，从而使得汽车电池为0V时也能打开线夹为汽车进行打火。
具体地，强制启动功能电路工作原理为：强制启动电路由第二十一二极管D21、第三十二二极管D32、第一开关SW1组成，当第一开关SW1闭合时，第二十一二极管D21、第三十二二极管D32正极短路到地，第二十一二极管D21的负极经第四十八电阻R48与第八三极管Q8基极相连接，第三十二二极管D32的负极经第二十四二极管D24、第五十九电阻R59与第九三极管Q9基极相连接，相当于把第八三极管Q8、第九三极管Q9基极连接到地，使第八三极管Q8、第九三极管Q9进入截止状态，启动第一接入运算放大器IC1A的PIN3为高电平，从而使得线夹输出继电器K1闭合。
作为一种可选的实施方式，所述反充侦测电路可以包括：
所述第四侦测运算放大器的正输入端与第二十四电阻的一端和第三十五电阻的一端两者相连接；
所述第二十四电阻的另一端与接地端相连接；
所述第三十五电阻的另一端与第五侦测运算放大器的输出端、第六十九电阻的一端、第十六电容三者相连接；
所述第五侦测运算放大器的负输入端与第六十八电阻的一端、第六十九电阻的另一端、第十六电容的另一端三者相连接；
所述第五侦测运算放大器的正输入端与第六十六电阻的一端、第六十七电阻的一端两者相连接；
所述第六十六电阻的另一端与驱动电压端相连接；
所述第六十七电阻的另一端与接地端相连接。
请参阅图15，该电路中反充保护由原来的电压检测方式，改为电流检测方式，因为电流检测方式方便生产测试。因此增加了IC5、R67、R68、R69、C16等组成的反充电流检测电路。
本实施例中，反充侦测模块工作原理：反充侦测模块由IC1D、R4、R7、D3、IC5、R67、R68、R69、C16等外围元件组成，当线夹打开成功启动汽车后，当汽车电池电压比输入电池电压高时，反充电流经过负极线，由R67送到IC5的PIN1进行放大后再送到IC1D的PIN12，与IC1D的PIN13相比较，当反充电流放大后的信号高于IC1D的PIN13的电压时，IC1D的PIN14输出高电平，经过D3、R36、R40送到IC1C的PIN10使IC1C的PIN8输出高电平，使Q7导通，使启动控制模块IC1A的PIN3为低电平，线夹输出继电器K1断开。
作为一种可选的实施方式，所述显示电路可以包括：
第一发光二极管，所述第一发光二极管的输入端与驱动电压端相连接；
所述第一发光二极管的输出端与第三十三电阻的一端相连接；
所述第三十三电阻的另一端与第五三极管的集电极相连接；
所述第五三极管的发射极与接地端、第七十一电阻的一端相连接；所述第五三极管的基极与所述第七十电阻的一端和第七十一电阻的另一端相连接；
第三十二电阻，所述第三十二电阻的一端与所述车辆启动电路相连接；
所述第三十二电阻的另一端与第二发光二极管的输入端相连接；
所述第二发光二极管的输出端与接地端相连接；
第六十二电阻，所述第六十二电阻的一端与驱动电压端相连接；所述第六十二电阻的另一端与第三发光二极管的输入端相连接；
所述第三发光二极管的输出端与接地端相连接。
请参阅图16，如图16所示该电路中增加了待机显示电路，能够使得显示更为直观，同时还便于随意调节。
本实施例中，错误显示LED1的亮度，同时增加了LED1单独的驱动电路。
在本实施例中，待机显示电路工作原理：待机显示由LED3/R62组成，当接上电池时，经U1组成DC-DC电路稳压电路,通过R62限流供电给LED3，使LED3点亮。
在本实施例中，错误显示电路工作原理：当有错误发生时，STOP为高电平经R70/R71使Q5导通LED1点亮，调节R33的阻值可调节LED1的亮度。
作为一种可选的实施方式，所述便携式备用启动装置还可以包括电压偏置开关电路，所述电压偏置开关电路可以包括：
第二十二电阻，所述第二十二电阻的一端与第四场效应管的源极、第三十七电阻的一端、第六三极管的发射极、第二十八二极管的输入端四者相连接；所述第二十二电阻的另一端、所述第四场效应管的漏极以及所述电压调节电路相连接；
所述第四场效应管的栅极与所述第三十七电阻的另一端、第二十七二极管的输出端、所述第六三极管的集电极三者相连接；
所述第二十七二极管的输入端与第十四电阻的一端相连接；
所述第十四电阻的另一端与驱动电压端相连接；
所述第六三极管的基极与第二十电阻的一端、所述第二十八二极管的输出端、第二十九电阻的一端三者相连接；
所述第二十电阻的另一端与接地端相连接；
所述第二十九电阻的另一端与第二十九二极管的输出端相连接；
所述第二十九二极管的输入端与第二接入运算放大器相连接。
请参阅图17，该电路能够增加电子开关电路，从而降低U1在线夹输出端出现反接或短路时，出现功耗过大的问题。
本实施例中，偏置电压电子开关电路工作原理：偏置电压电子开关电路由R22、R14、R20、R29、R37、D27、D28、D29、Q4、Q6等组成，当反接或短路发生时，由IC4B的PIN7输出高电平，经D29、R29、R20使Q6导通，Q4截止，关闭偏置电路的电压输出，从而达到降低U1功耗的问题。
作为一种可选的实施方式，所述电池电压侦测电路可以包括：
第一接入运算放大器，正输入端与第四十六电阻的一端和1.6V电压端相连接；负输入端与第二十五电阻的一端和第十九电阻的一端两者相连接；输出端与第三十二极管的输出端、第二十三二极管的输出端两者相连接；
所述第三十二极管的输入端与所述第四十六电阻的另一端相连接；
所述第二十五电阻的另一端与接地端相连接。
作为一种进一步可选的实施方式，电池电压侦测电路包括电池过压侦测子电路，电池过压侦测子电路包括：
第一接入运算放大器，正输入端与第四十六电阻的一端和1.6V电压端相连接；负输入端与第二十五电阻的一端和第十九电阻的一端两者相连接；输出端与第三十二极管的输出端、第二十三二极管的输出端两者相连接；
所述第三十二极管的输入端与所述第四十六电阻的另一端相连接；
所述第二十五电阻的另一端与接地端相连接。
请参阅图18，该电池高压检测电路改用运放作迟滞电压比较器，能够解决在高压保护在临界时LED转灯时出现闪烁的问题。同时，为了节约成本，将原来的负载接入检测IC4A用来作电池高压检测电路。
本实施例中，电池电压侦测模块工作原理：电池电压侦测模块由IC3A、R13、R28、R15、R27、R19、R25、R46、IC4A、D1、D23、D30、D10等外围元件组成，当电池电压过低或过高时，IC3A的PIN2电压变低，使IC3A的PIN1输出高电平，经过D10使Q9导通，使启动控制模块IC1A的PIN3为低电平,线夹输出继电器K1断开。
作为一种可选的实施方式，为节约成本原与IC4B相连的R35、原与IC4C相连的R46、原与IC1A相连的R24、原与IC1A相连的R37这4个上拉电阻R35、R46、R24、R37均移到别处使用。
在本实施例中，芯片型号可以参阅附图内容，对此本实施例中不再多加赘述。
可见，实施本实施例所描述的车辆的便携式备用启动装置100，能够在不需要任何微处理器的基础上便完成对车辆负载的检测于打火；并且，还能够只通过三部分电路来构成一个完整的便携式备用启动装置100，从而实现为汽车进行便捷打火的效果。
下面将参照附图对根据本申请的实施例所提供的便携式备用启动装置进行详细地描述。
请参看图3，图3为本申请的另一些实施例提供的一种车辆的备用启动工具的结构示意图。如图3所示，该备用启动工具可以包括线夹200与实施例中描述的便携式备用启动装置100，其中，
线夹200可以与便携式备用启动装置100相连接，用于连接便携式备用启动装置100和车辆的车辆负载。
请参阅图13，图13示出了一种车辆的备用启动工具的结构示意图。该工具可以通过线夹200将便携式备用启动装置100连接至车辆负载之上，以使便携式备用启动装置100能够为车辆负载供电打火。
可见，实施本实施例所描述的车辆的备用启动工具，能够在备用启动工具中的线夹200连接到车辆负载时，便携式备用启动装置100就可以检测到负载是否接入。如果负载通过线夹200接入到电路，便携式备用启动装置100便可以对车辆进行打火操作。可见，实施这种实施方式既省时又省力。
在上述所有实施例中，“大”、“小”是相对而言的，“多”、“少”是相对而言的，“上”、“下”是相对而言的，对此类相对用语的表述方式，本申请实施例不再多加赘述。
应理解，说明书通篇中提到的“在本实施例中”、“本申请实施例中”或“作为一种可选的实施方式”意味着与实施例有关的特定特征、结构或特性包括在本申请的至少一个实施例中。因此，在整个说明书各处出现的“在本实施例中”、“本申请实施例中”或“作为一种可选的实施方式”未必一定指相同的实施例。此外，这些特定特征、结构或特性可以以任意适合的方式结合在一个或多个实施例中。本领域技术人员也应该知悉，说明书中所描述的实施例均属于可选实施例，所涉及的动作和模块并不一定是本申请所必须的。
在本申请的各种实施例中，应理解，上述各过程的序号的大小并不意味着执行顺序的必然先后，各过程的执行顺序应以其功能和内在逻辑确定，而不应对本申请实施例的实施过程构成任何限定。
以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应与权利要求的保护范围为准。
工业实用性
本申请提供一种车辆的便携式备用启动装置，便携式备用启动装置包括电池电路、负载接入侦测电路以及车辆启动电路，其中，电池电路耦接于负载接入侦测电路和车辆启动电路，用于为负载接入侦测电路和车辆启动电路供电；负载接入侦测电路耦接于车辆启动电路，用于侦测车辆启动电路是否接入车辆负载；车辆启动电路用于在负载接入侦测电路侦测到车辆负载接入时，输出用于控制车辆进行打火操作的车辆启动电流。可见，实施这种实施方式，能够解决如何便捷地为汽车进行打火的问题，同时提高打火安全性的技术效果。
此外，可以理解的是，本申请的便携式备用启动装置和备用启动工具是可以重现的，并且可以应用在多种应用中。例如，本申请的便携式备用启动装置和备用启动工具可以应用于电气设备领域、例如汽车领域等。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种车辆的便携式备用启动装置，其特征在于，所述便携式备用启动装置包括电池电路、负载接入侦测电路以及车辆启动电路，其中，
    所述电池电路耦接于所述负载接入侦测电路和所述车辆启动电路，用于为所述负载接入侦测电路和所述车辆启动电路供电；
    所述负载接入侦测电路耦接于所述车辆启动电路，用于侦测所述车辆启动电路是否接入车辆负载，并在所述负载接入侦测电路侦测到所述车辆负载未接入时，控制所述车辆启动电路禁止输出用于控制所述车辆进行打火操作的车辆启动电流。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的便携式备用启动装置，其特征在于，所述负载接入侦测电路包括电压式负载侦测子电路和/或电阻式负载侦测子电路。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的便携式备用启动装置，其特征在于，所述负载接入侦测电路包括：
    第九三极管，发射极与接地端和第六十一电阻的一端相连接，基极与所述第六十一电阻的另一端和第五十九电阻的一端两者相连接，集电极与所述车辆启动电路相连接；
    第八三极管，发射极与所述接地端和第五十七电阻的一端相连接，基极与所述第五十七电阻的另一端和第四十八电阻的一端两者相连接，集电极与所述车辆启动电路相连接；
    所述第五十九电阻的另一端与第二十四二极管的输出端相连接；
    所述第二十四二极管的输入端与所述第十三极管的集电极相连接；
    所述第四十八电阻的另一端与第二十一二极管的输入端和第六十五电阻的一端两者相连接；
    所述第六十五电阻的另一端与第四接入运算放大器相连接；
    所述第二十一二极管的输出端与第三十二二极管的输出端皆与第一开关相连接；
    所述第一开关与第五十三电阻的一端、第五十四电阻的一端、第五十五电阻的一端、第五十六电阻的一端以及接地端相连接；
    所述第五十三电阻的另一端与第四十七电阻相连接；
    所述第五十四电阻的另一端与第四十九电阻相连接；
    所述第五十五电阻的另一端与第五十电阻相连接；
    所述第五十六电阻的另一端与第五十一电阻相连接；
    所述第四十七电阻、所述第四十九电阻、所述第五十电阻、所述第五十一电阻四种皆与驱动电压端相连接；
    所述第三十二二极管的输入端与所述第十三极管的集电极相连接；
    所述第十三极管，发射极与所述接地端、第十四电容的一端两者相连接；基极与所述第六十电阻的一端、第六十四电阻的一端以及所述第十四电容的另一端三者相连接；
    所述第六十电阻的另一端与所述车辆启动电路相连接。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3中的任一项所述的便携式备用启动装置，其特征在于，所述便携式备用启动装置还包括反接短路侦测电路，其中，
    所述反接短路侦测电路耦接于所述负载接入侦测电路，用于侦测所述车辆负载是否处于反接状态或短路状态，并在所述车辆负载处于所述反接状态或所述短路状态时控制所述车辆启动电路禁止输出所述车辆启动电流。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4中的任一项所述的便携式备用启动装置，其特征在于，所述便携式备用启动装置还包括负载电压侦测电路，其中，
    所述负载电压侦测电路耦接于所述负载接入侦测电路，用于侦测所述车辆负载是否处于高电压状态或低电压状态，并在所述车辆负载处于所述高电压状态或所述低电压状态时控制所述车辆启动电路禁止输出所述车辆启动电流。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5中的任一项所述的便携式备用启动装置，其特征在于，所述便携式备用启动装置还包括反充侦测电路，其中，
    所述反充侦测电路耦接于所述负载接入侦测电路，用于侦测所述车辆负载的电压是否高于所述电池电路的输出电压，并在所述车辆负载的电压高于所述电池电路的输出电压时控制所述车辆启动电路禁止输出所述车辆启动电流。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的便携式备用启动装置，其特征在于，所述反充侦测电路包括：
    所述第四侦测运算放大器的正输入端与第二十四电阻的一端和第三十五电阻的一端两者相连接；
    所述第二十四电阻的另一端与接地端相连接；
    所述第三十五电阻的另一端与第五侦测运算放大器的输出端、第六十九电阻的一端、第十六电容三者相连接；
    所述第五侦测运算放大器的负输入端与第六十八电阻的一端、第六十九电阻的另一端、第十六电容的另一端三者相连接；
    所述第五侦测运算放大器的正输入端与第六十六电阻的一端、第六十七电阻的一端两者相连接；
    所述第六十六电阻的另一端与驱动电压端相连接；
    所述第六十七电阻的另一端与接地端相连接。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7中的任一项所述的便携式备用启动装置，其特征在于，所述便携式备用启动装置还包括过流侦测电路，其中，
    所述过流侦测电路耦接于所述车辆启动电路，用于侦测所述车辆启动电路输出的车辆启动电流是否大于预设电流阈值，并在所述车辆启动电路输出的车辆启动电流大于所述预设电流阈值时控制所述车辆启动电路禁止输出所述车辆启动电流。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的便携式备用启动装置，其特征在于，所述便携式备用启动装置还包括第一延时电路和/或第二延时电路，所述第一延时电路和/或所述第二延时电路耦接于所述车辆启动电路；其中，
    所述第一延时电路用于控制所述车辆启动电路延时断开；
    所述第二延时电路用于控制所述车辆启动电路延时启动。
  10. 根据权利要求1至9中的任一项所述的便携式备用启动装置，其特征在于，所述便携式备用启动装置还包括温度侦测电路，其中，
    所述温度侦测电路耦接于所述车辆启动电路，用于侦测所述便携式备用启动装置是否处于预设的高温状态，并在所述便携式备用启动装置处于所述高温状态时控制所述车辆启动电路禁止输出所述车辆启动电流。
  11. 根据权利要求1至10中的任一项所述的便携式备用启动装置，其特征在于，所述便携式备用启动装置还包括告警电路，其中，
    所述告警电路耦接于所述车辆启动电路，用于在所述车辆启动电路处于禁止输出所述车辆启动电流的状态时，控制蜂鸣器发出告警。
  12. 根据权利要求1至11中的任一项所述的便携式备用启动装置，其特征在于，所述便携式备用启动装置还包括显示电路，其中，
    所述显示电路耦接于所述车辆启动电路，用于显示与所述便携式备用启动装置的工作状态相对应的指示灯。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的便携式备用启动装置，其特征在于，所述显示电路包括：
    第一发光二极管，所述第一发光二极管的输入端与驱动电压端相连接；
    所述第一发光二极管的输出端与第三十三电阻的一端相连接；
    所述第三十三电阻的另一端与第五三极管的集电极相连接；
    所述第五三极管的发射极与接地端、第七十一电阻的一端相连接；所述第五三极管的基极与所述第七十电阻的一端和第七十一电阻的另一端相连接；
    第三十二电阻，所述第三十二电阻的一端与所述车辆启动电路相连接；
    所述第三十二电阻的另一端与第二发光二极管的输入端相连接；
    所述第二发光二极管的输出端与接地端相连接；
    第六十二电阻，所述第六十二电阻的一端与驱动电压端相连接；所述第六十二电阻的另一端与第三发光二极管的输入端相连接；
    所述第三发光二极管的输出端与接地端相连接。
  14. 根据权利要求1至13中的任一项所述的便携式备用启动装置，其特征在于，所述便携式备用启动装置还包括强制启动电路。
  15. 根据权利要求1至13中的任一项所述的便携式备用启动装置，其特征在于，所述电池电路包括电池、电压调节电路以及电池电压侦测电路，其中，
    所述电池耦接于所述电压调节电路和所述电池电压侦测电路，用于为其它电路供电；
    所述电压调节电路用于调节所述电池的输出电压；
    所述电池电压侦测电路用于侦测所述电池是否处于高电压状态或低电压状态，并在所述电池处于所述高电压状态或所述低电压状态时控制所述车辆启动电路禁止输出所述车辆启动电流。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的便携式备用启动装置，其特征在于，所述电池电压侦测电路可以包括：
    第一接入运算放大器，正输入端与第四十六电阻的一端和1.6V电压端相连接；负输入端与第二十五电阻的一端和第十九电阻的一端两者相连接；输出端与第三十二极管的输出端、第二十三二极管的输出端两者相连接；
    所述第三十二极管的输入端与所述第四十六电阻的另一端相连接；
    所述第二十五电阻的另一端与接地端相连接。
  17. 根据权利要求1至16中的任一项所述的便携式备用启动装置，其特征在于，所述便携式备用启动装置还包括电压偏置开关电路。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的便携式备用启动装置，其特征在于，所述电压偏置开关电路包括：
    第二十二电阻，所述第二十二电阻的一端与第四场效应管的源极、第三十七电阻的一端、第六三极管的发射极、第二十八二极管的输入端四者相连接；所述第二十二电阻的另一端、所述第四场效应管的漏极以及所述电压调节电路相连 接；
    所述第四场效应管的栅极与所述第三十七电阻的另一端、第二十七二极管的输出端、所述第六三极管的集电极三者相连接；
    所述第二十七二极管的输入端与第十四电阻的一端相连接；
    所述第十四电阻的另一端与驱动电压端相连接；
    所述第六三极管的基极与第二十电阻的一端、所述第二十八二极管的输出端、第二十九电阻的一端三者相连接；
    所述第二十电阻的另一端与接地端相连接；
    所述第二十九电阻的另一端与第二十九二极管的输出端相连接；
    所述第二十九二极管的输入端与第二接入运算放大器相连接。
  19. 根据权利要求15所述的便携式备用启动装置，其特征在于，所述电池电压侦测电路包括相互连接的电池欠压侦测子电路和/或电池过压侦测子电路。
  20. 一种车辆的备用启动工具，其特征在于，所述备用启动工具包括线夹和根据权利要求1至19中的任一项所述的便携式备用启动装置，其中，
    所述线夹与所述便携式备用启动装置相连接，用于连接所述便携式备用启动装置和所述车辆的车辆负载。
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