WO2023012835A2 - Axe parallèle avec imprimante à plaques (imprimante p.a.p) - Google Patents

Axe parallèle avec imprimante à plaques (imprimante p.a.p) Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023012835A2
WO2023012835A2 PCT/IR2021/050018 IR2021050018W WO2023012835A2 WO 2023012835 A2 WO2023012835 A2 WO 2023012835A2 IR 2021050018 W IR2021050018 W IR 2021050018W WO 2023012835 A2 WO2023012835 A2 WO 2023012835A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
axis
chassis
bracket
stepper
brackets
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IR2021/050018
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Hosein Majlsei HOSEIN.MAJLSEI
Original Assignee
SADRI, Seyedmohammadmehdi
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SADRI, Seyedmohammadmehdi filed Critical SADRI, Seyedmohammadmehdi
Priority to PCT/IR2021/050018 priority Critical patent/WO2023012835A2/fr
Publication of WO2023012835A2 publication Critical patent/WO2023012835A2/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/22—Driving means
    • B22F12/222—Driving means for motion along a direction orthogonal to the plane of a layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/22—Driving means
    • B22F12/224—Driving means for motion along a direction within the plane of a layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/38—Housings, e.g. machine housings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/227—Driving means
    • B29C64/232—Driving means for motion along the axis orthogonal to the plane of a layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/227—Driving means
    • B29C64/236—Driving means for motion in a direction within the plane of a layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/25—Housings, e.g. machine housings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/10—Formation of a green body
    • B22F10/18—Formation of a green body by mixing binder with metal in filament form, e.g. fused filament fabrication [FFF]

Definitions

  • the techniques used for manufacturing parts and components through 3D printing include photopolymerization (SLA, DLP, and CLIP) where a (photosensitive) photopolymer resin is exposed to light with a certain wavelength that solidifies the polymer through a chemical reaction. While the technique produces parts having a good, soft surface with highly- detailed fast modeling, the parts manufactured by this technique are very fragile although the UV radiation plays a role in reinforcing them to a certain extent. Therefore, the technique is limited to gold and jewelry industry and plastic injection molding in medical and dental applications.
  • One technique used in making 3D printed components is binder jet or powder bed and inkjet printing (SLS, SLM, DMLS, EBM, Jetting material, and poly jet). Although the technique involves a layer-by-layer production of the final component by adding the different parts with no requirement for support leading to relatively strong components manufactured, the problem with this technique is coarse surfaces, internal porosity, bending, and contractions during the manufacturing process.
  • jet material techniques which are very similar to the technique note above and have found applications in rapidly modeling soft and smooth components through combining different materials, enable production of a wide range of parts of various types of materials, but the parts produced by this technique still have the problem of fragility even after being exposed to UV light, in addition to their very high cost of production.
  • DED Directed energy deposition
  • FDM fused deposition modeling
  • FFF fused filament fabrication
  • .Prusa Type In this mechanical model, the heat bed plate is mounted on a (Y-axis) chassis while the Z-axis is installed and fixed on a frame and the X-axis moves up and down along the Z-axis.
  • the structure is the cheapest to manufacture but the bed vibration during back and forth movements along the Y-axis changes the heat bed level. Furthermore, the vibrations at high-speed printing lower printing quality and, thus, printing speed must be lowered in order to achieve a higher printing quality.
  • Hypercube Type In this mechanical model, the heated bed surface is mounted on a (Z- axis) chassis and led vertically downward along the Z-axis during printing job while the X-axis and the Y -axis form the CoreXY above the cube-like chassis of the printer and the print head moves back and forth on the X-axis and the Y-axis to produce the printing output. While the fact that these two axes are located above the chassis results in a minimized vibration during printing, making it possible to achieve higher printing speeds, the problem is that the bed surface is pushed out of level when the components are removed once the printing job is finished.
  • Hypercube is one of the most well-known and popular mechanical structures used in commercial printers.
  • Diy Type This mechanical structure, where the heat bed is fixed and embedded on the floor of the chassis and during printing the X-axis and the Y -axis are directed upward along the Z-axis, has been designed to address the problem of heat bed vibrations in large printers with hyper structures.
  • the X-axis and the Y-axis create some vibrations during the operation of stepper motors, leading to the appearance of lines on the print surface.
  • the moving frame on the X-axis and the Y-axis needs re-adjustment during initial installation or successive printing.
  • the device covered by this patent application improves large-scale 3D printing in terms of speed and accuracy through a number of changes in the mechanical and electrical systems as well as the conventional (Cartesian) 3D printing mechanism.
  • the heat bed has been designed as a fixed, non-moving surface.
  • an easy disassembling mechanism has been provided in the form of portable motors that enables troubleshooting and facilitates settings on stepper motors.
  • a fixing bracket has been incorporated at the lower section, in addition to the screwing mechanism for the connecting plate, that enables re-fixing the stepper motors after reassembly.
  • the bed can be easily converted to a CNC bed for machining.
  • the head system has been designed in a way that enables installation of laser head modules and extruder head on the printer and CNC rotary table on the head bracket mount.
  • the X-axis motion system is equipped with two belt tensioners perpendicular to the direction of stepper motor belts. This improves stability of the belts during bracket motions along the X-axis and enables resolving any problem in the belt tensioning system by using only one of the tensioners (In contrast, conventional printers only have one belt tensioner and the whole printing process may stop if this one tensioner is out of service).
  • brackets For easier access to the Z-axis stepper motor, two brackets have been embedded in the carriage assembly at the lower part of the moving chassis. Given its location below the chassis equilibrium point, it will enhance the mechanical balance of the moving chassis while the bracket on the Z-axis stepper motor enables tensioning of the stepper motor belt.
  • the Z-axis stepper motor is indirectly connected to the Z-axis lead screw through a belt and pulley assembly.
  • the X-axis mounting bracket moving along the Z-axis is embedded with a slot making it easy to access the retaining nut at its back.
  • a number of handles have been installed on the chassis corners for easier handling of the printer while the metal brackets at the bottom make it possible to screw and fix the printer onto a lower surface or a wall.
  • two-position sensors can be used: a fixed sensor installed on the X-axis mounting bracket moving along the Z-axis and an automatic leveling sensor installed on the X-axis bracket to resolve the adjustment problem for bed surface in long, successive printing.
  • the head bed hot plate in large printers often consists of a large heater that is responsible for heating the bed surface during printing. These are usually expensive and may render the heat bed almost useless if a problem occurs during current consumption. Therefore, a combination of several small heat beds is used to cover the printer’s main hot plate and thermally conductive adhesives are added to properly transfer heat to the main plate. In this case, a damaged or non-functioning small heat bed can be easily replaced.
  • a 12V, 15 A power supply supports the control system, a 24V/12V, 30A power supplies the stepper motors and their drivers, a 12V/5A power supplies the fan, the sensors, and other connected components, and 24V/36V, 20A/30A power supplies support the heat beds and the FET relays.
  • the device is designed to be UPS -compatible and work during an outage by a connection to a UPS.
  • outage sensors and relays can be used to temporarily stop the printing task and resume it once the power is back.
  • the position sensor can help detecting when the printer runs out of filament during printing.
  • a Wi-Fi module can be incorporated to easily control and direct the printing process on a computer or using a mobile application.
  • a metal enclosure can be used to keep the temperature inside the printer chassis constant and also provide a space for keeping and guiding filament rolls, UPS, and other components of the electrical control system.
  • the X-axis is located on the bottom of movable bracket of the Z-axis. This point causes that the movable part of the X-axis has more stability in the mechanical movements (Fig.l 1).
  • All of the stepper motors are assembled on the moveable chassis and two brackets used for Y axes in the k type model of the present invention.
  • the Y brackets could assemble in the basement of the moveable chassis and an anti-vibration facility is located under the moveable chassis to make more stability in the mechanical movements (Fig.12).
  • the Y brackets may hold the poly times for increasing the accuracy of the steps in the stepper movements and it has a regulator screw for regulating the belt of poly times.
  • the brackets may cool the stepper.
  • the Z brackets in the moveable chassis may hold poly time for increasing the accuracy of the steps in the stepper movements and it has a regulator screw for regulating the belt of poly times in the k type model of the present invention (Fig.17). As the Z brackets are metal brackets, the brackets may cool the stepper.
  • the bracket of X axes may hold several extruders in the localized position on the physical assembly in the k type model of the present invention (Fig.18).
  • the X brackets may hold the poly times for increasing the accuracy of the steps in the stepper movements and it has a regulator screw for regulating the belt of poly times.
  • the bracket may cool the stepper and upper side of extruder holders.
  • a movement base is located on the X axes which hold and cool the extruder and spindle motor in the k type model of the present invention (Fig. 14).
  • the material of the movement base is aluminum, it used for the extra cooling the extruder and spindle motor.
  • the pipe of air-pump or water pipe may connect to the movable basement (on the X axes).
  • FDM is more suitable for fast modeling compared to the expensive and time-consuming traditional molding.
  • FDM is the best option if you care about your model’s strength and durability.
  • FDM is the best solution for low-cost 3D printing of models.
  • FDM is the best option for the assessment of parts and components prior to mass production.
  • FDM is the best option for achieving a detailed design with smooth surfaces. Given that this is a 32-bit device, it offers a relatively smooth and acceptable surface.
  • the invented technique offers the highest quality for large parts and components when small sizes are not much important and larger sizes are sought. For example, for large printing options (e.g. architecture models), it provides the best output available.
  • large printing options e.g. architecture models
  • Versatile print heads can be used to print different parts of various kinds using this printing technique.
  • the automatically fixed position sensor in the device can be utilized in successive printing tasks without much requirement for repeated level adjustment.
  • UPS capability enables operation during power cuts.
  • the power failure sensor enables shutting down the device once the printing job is over.
  • the mainboard can be connected through a USB socket for directly printing from a computer or from an SD card by connecting it to the device.
  • the X-axis bracket can be used to mount a print head for 3D printing, laser head for engraving and laser cutting, and CNC head for drilling (since the device bed is fixed and the heat bed can be removed).
  • the Z-axis stepper motors are indirectly connected to the main lead screw axis.
  • All axes use one or more steps in back and forth motions (reciprocations) to minimize step- out errors in the stepper motors.
  • the heat bed is supplied using a 24V/36V power supply which, given the large dimensions of the printer, is safer than the public 110V/220V power supply.
  • the large heat bed surface consists of a number of smaller, separate beds.
  • a defected heat bed can be easily replaced in case of failure as a result of over-current.
  • the stepper motor drivers are connected to the stepper motors in a modular fashion.
  • the X-axis is located on the bottom of movable bracket of the Z-axis. This point causes that the movable part of the X-axis has more stability in the mechanical movements (Fig.11).
  • All of the stepper motors are assembled on the moveable chassis and two brackets used for Y axes in the k type model of the present invention.
  • the Y brackets could assemble in the basement of the moveable chassis and an anti-vibration facility is located under the moveable chassis to make more stability in the mechanical movements (Fig.12).
  • the Y brackets may hold the poly times for increasing the accuracy of the steps in the stepper movements and it has a regulator screw for regulating the belt of poly times.
  • the brackets may cool the stepper.
  • the Z brackets in the moveable chassis may hold poly time for increasing the accuracy of the steps in the stepper movements and it has a regulator screw for regulating the belt of poly times in the k type model of the present invention (Fig.17). As the Z brackets are metal brackets, the brackets may cool the stepper.
  • the bracket of X axes may hold several extruders in the localized position on the physical assembly in the k type model of the present invention (Fig.18).
  • the X brackets may hold the poly times for increasing the accuracy of the steps in the stepper movements and it has a regulator screw for regulating the belt of poly times.
  • the bracket may cool the stepper and upper side of extruder holders.
  • a movement base is located on the X axes which hold and cool the extruder and spindle motor in the k type model of the present invention (Fig. 14).
  • the material of the movement base is aluminum, it used for the extra cooling the extruder and spindle motor.
  • the pipe of air-pump or water pipe may connect to the movable basement (on the X axes).
  • Figure 1 illustrates the overall structure and mechanical working of the device.
  • Figure 2 shows the overall view of the device from different angles.
  • Figure 3 depicts a view of the device’s moving mechanical parts which include the moving chassis and the supporting axes.
  • Figure 4 shows the Z-axis moving bracket and the X-axis mounting bracket for stepper motors in two different views.
  • Figure 5 shows different parts of the X-axis moving bracket and how they are assembled and mounted.
  • Figure 6 depicts the assembled set of the Z-axis moving bracket and the X-axis mounting bracket for the stepper motors.
  • Figure 7 depicts different views of each moving bracket of the Z-axis and the X-axis mounting bracket for the stepper motors.
  • Figure 8 presents an overall diagram of the major parts and components of the device and how they are connected to each other.
  • the USB socket can be used to establish a connection between a computer and the control board for computer-aided 3D printing.
  • the command “Home” can be used in the program to direct the print head to an initial default position.
  • the Z-axis position sensor will automatically detect the position of the bed and will be located at the default position.
  • the command “ABS Preheat” prompts the start of the warming up process for the heat bed and the head. Once a predefined temperature is reached, a filament can be fed into the extruder input and guided to the nozzle output to make the device ready for printing. Now, the printing task will start by choosing a file from an SD card or a computer connected to the device.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)

Abstract

Le présent dispositif a été conçu sous la forme d'une imprimante 3D pour des applications semi-industrielles en utilisant un dépôt de fil fondu (FDM). La configuration à lit fixe permet de réduire les erreurs de vibration sur une pièce à travailler provoquées par les lits mobiles tandis que des supports de montage spécialement conçus facilitent le changement de tous les moteurs pas à pas sur chaque axe. De plus, de multiples moteurs pas à pas ont été inclus le long de chaque axe pour réduire les erreurs de désynchronisation, et chaque composant a été relié à une alimentation électrique séparée afin d'atténuer le bruit et d'améliorer le temps de production. Tous ces facteurs permettent ensemble de retirer facilement son lit à chaleur mixte de la tête pour utiliser le dispositif simultanément dans l'impression 3D, le tournage sur machine à commande numérique à calculateur et la découpe laser.
PCT/IR2021/050018 2021-08-05 2021-08-05 Axe parallèle avec imprimante à plaques (imprimante p.a.p) WO2023012835A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/IR2021/050018 WO2023012835A2 (fr) 2021-08-05 2021-08-05 Axe parallèle avec imprimante à plaques (imprimante p.a.p)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/IR2021/050018 WO2023012835A2 (fr) 2021-08-05 2021-08-05 Axe parallèle avec imprimante à plaques (imprimante p.a.p)

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2023012835A2 true WO2023012835A2 (fr) 2023-02-09

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Family Applications (1)

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PCT/IR2021/050018 WO2023012835A2 (fr) 2021-08-05 2021-08-05 Axe parallèle avec imprimante à plaques (imprimante p.a.p)

Country Status (1)

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WO (1) WO2023012835A2 (fr)

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