WO2023007884A1 - 放電装置 - Google Patents
放電装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023007884A1 WO2023007884A1 PCT/JP2022/018465 JP2022018465W WO2023007884A1 WO 2023007884 A1 WO2023007884 A1 WO 2023007884A1 JP 2022018465 W JP2022018465 W JP 2022018465W WO 2023007884 A1 WO2023007884 A1 WO 2023007884A1
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- Prior art keywords
- discharge
- electrode
- tip
- discharge electrode
- counter electrode
- Prior art date
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Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
- B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
- B05B5/0255—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns spraying and depositing by electrostatic forces only
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
- B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
- B05B5/053—Arrangements for supplying power, e.g. charging power
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
- B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
- B05B5/057—Arrangements for discharging liquids or other fluent material without using a gun or nozzle
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T19/00—Devices providing for corona discharge
- H01T19/04—Devices providing for corona discharge having pointed electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T23/00—Apparatus for generating ions to be introduced into non-enclosed gases, e.g. into the atmosphere
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates generally to a discharge device, and more particularly to a discharge device comprising a discharge electrode and a counter electrode.
- Patent Document 1 describes a discharge device that includes a discharge electrode, a counter electrode, and a voltage application section.
- the counter electrode is positioned to face the discharge electrode.
- the voltage application unit applies a voltage to the discharge electrode to cause the discharge electrode to generate a higher energy discharge than the corona discharge.
- the high-energy discharge in the discharge device described in Patent Literature 1 is a discharge that intermittently generates a discharge path between the discharge electrode and the counter electrode, the dielectric breakdown of which connects the two.
- the liquid is supplied to the discharge electrode by the liquid supply section. Therefore, the liquid is electrostatically atomized by the discharge, and nanometer-sized electrically charged fine particle liquid containing radicals is generated.
- the active ingredient (radicals or charged fine particle liquid containing the same) is generated with larger energy than corona discharge. components are generated. Furthermore, the amount of ozone produced is reduced to the same extent as in the case of corona discharge.
- the present disclosure has been made in view of the above reasons, and aims to provide a discharge device capable of increasing the amount of active ingredients produced.
- a discharge device includes a discharge electrode, a counter electrode, and a voltage application device.
- the discharge electrode has a tip.
- the counter electrode is arranged so as to face the tip portion of the discharge electrode with a gap therebetween.
- the voltage application device generates a discharge between the discharge electrode and the counter electrode by applying a voltage between the discharge electrode and the counter electrode.
- the discharge electrode protrudes toward the counter electrode.
- the counter electrode has a discharge portion where the discharge occurs between the tip portion of the discharge electrode. The discharge portion extends along a circumference around the tip portion of the discharge electrode.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a discharge device according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 2A is a schematic diagram showing a state in which the liquid held by the discharge electrode in the same discharge device is stretched.
- FIG. 2B is a schematic diagram showing a state in which the liquid held by the discharge electrode is shrunk.
- FIG. 3A is a top view showing a load in the same discharge device.
- FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view taken along line X1-X1 of FIG. 3A.
- FIG. 4A is a schematic diagram in which a part of the main part of the load is broken.
- FIG. 4B is a cross-sectional view of a main part of the same load.
- FIG. 4C is a front view of the same discharge electrode.
- FIG. 5A is a schematic diagram showing the form of partial breakdown discharge.
- FIG. 5B is a schematic diagram showing the discharge form of corona discharge.
- FIG. 5C is a schematic diagram showing a discharge form of all-path breakdown discharge.
- FIG. 6A is a cross-sectional view of a main part of a load in a discharge device according to Modification 1.
- FIG. 6B is a cross-sectional view of the main part of the load in the discharge device according to the second modification.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a discharge device 10 according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 2A is a schematic diagram showing a state in which the liquid held by the discharge electrode 41 in the discharge device 10 is stretched.
- FIG. 2B is a schematic diagram showing a state in which the liquid held by the discharge electrode 41 has shrunk.
- FIG. 3A is a top view showing the load 4 in the discharge device 41.
- FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view taken along line X1-X1 of FIG. 3A.
- FIG. 4A is a schematic diagram of a partially cutaway main part of the load 4.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a discharge device 10 according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 2A is a schematic diagram showing a state in which the liquid held by the discharge electrode 41 in the discharge device 10 is stretched.
- FIG. 2B is a schematic diagram showing a state in which the liquid held by the discharge electrode 41 has shrunk.
- FIG. 3A is a top view showing the load 4
- the discharge device 10 includes a voltage application device 1, a load 4 (electrode device), and a liquid supply section 5.
- the load 4 has a discharge electrode 41 and a counter electrode 42.
- the load 4 is a device that causes discharge between the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42 by applying a voltage between the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42 .
- the direction in which the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42 face each other is defined as the vertical direction.
- the direction from the discharge electrode 41 side to the counter electrode 42 side is defined as upward, and the direction from the counter electrode 42 side to the discharge electrode 41 side is defined as downward.
- the discharge electrode 41 protrudes (upward) toward the counter electrode 42 . Further, the discharge electrode 41 has a tip portion 411 (see FIG. 2A). The tip portion 411 is formed at the tip (upper end) of the discharge electrode 41 in the direction in which the discharge electrode 41 protrudes. Also, the tip portion 411 holds the liquid 50 (see FIG. 2A). In the following description, the direction in which the discharge electrode 41 protrudes (upward) may be referred to as "the direction in which the discharge electrode 41 protrudes”.
- the counter electrode 42 is arranged so as to face the tip portion 411 of the discharge electrode 41 with a gap therebetween.
- the counter electrode 42 has a discharge portion 420 in which discharge occurs between the tip portion 411 of the discharge electrode 41 and the discharge portion 420 .
- the discharge portion 420 extends along the circumference around the tip portion 411 of the discharge electrode 41 . In other words, the discharge portion 420 linearly extends along the circumference around the tip portion 411 of the discharge electrode 41 in a plan view seen from the axial direction of the discharge electrode 41 .
- the liquid supply unit 5 supplies the liquid 50 to the tip 411 of the discharge electrode 41 .
- the voltage application device 1 is a device that generates discharge between the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42 by applying a voltage between the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42 . In other words, the voltage application device 1 applies a voltage between the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42 to cause a partial dielectric breakdown between the tip 411 of the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42 .
- a path L1 (see FIG. 4A) is formed.
- the term “dielectric breakdown” as used in the present disclosure means that the electrical insulation of an insulator (including gas) separating conductors is broken and the insulation state cannot be maintained. Gas dielectric breakdown occurs, for example, because ionized molecules are accelerated by an electric field, collide with other gas molecules, ionize, and the ion concentration increases rapidly to cause gas discharge.
- the voltage application device 1 of the present embodiment applies voltage from the voltage application circuit 2 to the load 4 including the discharge electrode 41 in a state where the discharge electrode 41 holds the liquid 50 .
- discharge occurs at least in the discharge electrode 41, and the liquid 50 held in the discharge electrode 41 is electrostatically atomized by the discharge.
- the discharge device 10 generates radicals by generating discharge between the discharge electrode 41 of the load 4 and the counter electrode 42 and electrostatically atomizes the liquid 50 held by the discharge electrode 41 .
- the discharge device 10 generates a nanometer-sized charged fine particle liquid containing radicals in the fine droplets of the electrostatically atomized liquid 50 .
- the discharge device 10 functions as a charged particulate liquid generation device (electrostatic atomization device).
- Radicals are the basis for producing useful effects in various situations, not limited to sterilization, deodorization, moisturizing, freshness preservation, and virus inactivation.
- radicals, charged microparticle liquid, and the like may be collectively referred to as active ingredients. Active ingredients also include air ions.
- the discharge device 10 can extend the life of the radicals compared to the case where the radicals are released into the air by themselves. Furthermore, since the charged microparticle liquid is, for example, nanometer-sized, the charged microparticle liquid can be suspended over a relatively wide range.
- the counter electrode 42 of the discharge device 10 of this embodiment has the discharge portion 420 .
- the discharge portion 420 is a portion that generates discharge with the tip portion 411 of the discharge electrode 41 .
- a conventional load (counter electrode) having a needle-shaped discharge portion can be used.
- the discharge path L1 whose apex is the tip 411 of the discharge electrode 41 is widened. By widening the discharge path L1, it is possible to increase the amount of effective components (including radicals, etc.) generated by the discharge.
- FIG. 4B is a cross-sectional view of a main part of load 4 in discharge device 41.
- FIG. 4C is a front view of the discharge electrode 41 in the discharge device 10.
- FIG. 5A is a schematic diagram showing the form of partial breakdown discharge.
- FIG. 5B is a schematic diagram showing the discharge form of corona discharge.
- FIG. 5C is a schematic diagram showing a discharge form of all-path breakdown discharge.
- a discharge device 10 includes a voltage application device 1 , a load 4 and a liquid supply section 5 .
- the liquid supply portion 5 supplies the liquid 50 for electrostatic atomization to the discharge electrode 41 .
- the liquid supply unit 5 is implemented, as an example, using a cooling device 51 shown in FIG. 3B.
- the cooling device 51 cools the discharge electrode 41 to generate condensed water on the discharge electrode 41 as a liquid 50 (see FIG. 2A).
- the cooling device 51 includes a pair of Peltier elements 511 and a pair of radiator plates 512 .
- a pair of Peltier elements 511 are held by a pair of radiator plates 512 .
- the cooling device 51 cools the discharge electrode 41 by energizing the pair of Peltier elements 511 .
- the pair of heat sinks 512 are held in the housing 40 by partially embedding each of the pair of heat sinks 512 in the housing 40 of the load 4, which will be described later. At least a portion of the pair of heat sinks 512 that holds the Peltier element 511 is exposed from the housing 40 .
- the pair of Peltier elements 511 are mechanically and electrically connected to the later-described base end portion 41b of the discharge electrode 41 by soldering, for example. Also, the pair of Peltier elements 511 are mechanically and electrically connected to the pair of radiator plates 512 by soldering, for example. The pair of Peltier elements 511 is energized through the pair of radiator plates 512 and the discharge electrodes 41 . Therefore, the cooling device 51 that constitutes the liquid supply portion 5 cools the entire discharge electrode 41 through the base end portion 41b. As a result, moisture in the air condenses and adheres to the surface of the discharge electrode 41 as condensed water. This condensed water is retained on the discharge electrode 41 as the liquid 50 .
- the liquid supply unit 5 is configured to cool the discharge electrode 41 and generate condensed water as the liquid 50 on the surface of the discharge electrode 41 .
- the liquid supply unit 5 can supply the liquid 50 (condensed water) to the discharge electrode 41 using the moisture in the air, so it is unnecessary to supply and replenish the liquid to the discharge device 10 .
- the voltage application device 1 of this embodiment includes a voltage application circuit 2 and a control circuit 3 .
- the voltage application circuit 2 has a drive circuit 21 and a voltage generation circuit 22 .
- the drive circuit 21 is a circuit that drives the voltage generation circuit 22 .
- the voltage generation circuit 22 is a circuit that receives power supply from the power supply section 6 (input section) and generates an applied voltage V1 (see FIG. 5A) to be applied to the load 4 .
- the “applied voltage” referred to in the present disclosure means the voltage applied to the load 4 by the voltage application circuit 2 to cause discharge.
- the power supply unit 6 is a power supply circuit that generates a DC voltage of several volts to several tens of volts. Although the power supply unit 6 is not included in the voltage application device 1 in this embodiment, the power supply unit 6 may be included in the voltage application device 1 .
- the voltage application circuit 2 is, for example, an insulated DC/DC converter, boosts the input voltage (eg, 13.8 V) from the power supply unit 6, and outputs the boosted voltage as the applied voltage V1.
- the applied voltage V1 of the voltage application circuit 2 is applied to the load 4 (discharge electrode 41 and counter electrode 42).
- the voltage application circuit 2 is electrically connected to the load 4 .
- a voltage application circuit 2 applies a high voltage to a load 4 .
- the voltage application circuit 2 is configured to apply a high voltage between the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42 with the discharge electrode 41 as the negative electrode (ground) and the counter electrode 42 as the positive electrode (plus). .
- the “high voltage” referred to here may be any voltage set to cause discharge between the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42 .
- discharge between the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42 in the present disclosure means that a partially dielectrically broken discharge path L1 is formed between the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42, as shown in FIG. 5A. Including discharges that are formed.
- Such a discharge in which a discharge path L1 is partially broken down is hereinafter referred to as a "partial breakdown discharge”.
- the partial breakdown discharge forms a partially dielectrically broken discharge path L1 between the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42 (between the pair of electrodes). Details of the partial breakdown discharge will be described in the section "(3) Discharge form".
- the “discharge between the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42 ” referred to in the present disclosure is a dielectric breakdown that occurs as a whole between the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42 , as shown in FIG. 5C . It contains the discharge in which region R4 is formed. Such a discharge in which a dielectric breakdown region R4 is formed in which the dielectric breakdown occurs entirely is hereinafter referred to as "all-path breakdown discharge".
- the all-path breakdown discharge is a discharge path (from one electrode to the other electrode) in which continuous dielectric breakdown occurs between the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42 (between the pair of electrodes). A discharge path with dielectric breakdown) is formed.
- the full-path breakdown discharge will be described in detail in the section "(3) Discharge form".
- the voltage application circuit 2 of the present embodiment intermittently (intermittently) causes discharge by periodically varying the magnitude of the applied voltage V1.
- the applied voltage V1 alternately repeats a period in which the applied voltage V1 rises to a high voltage and a period in which the applied voltage V1 falls to a low voltage.
- the liquid 50 vibrates due to the periodic variation in the magnitude of the applied voltage V1.
- the “high voltage” referred to here may be any voltage that is set so as to generate discharge in the discharge electrode 41, and is, for example, a voltage with a peak of about 7.0 kV.
- the voltage value of the applied voltage V1 is not limited to about 7.0 kV.
- the "low voltage” may be any voltage set so that discharge does not occur in the discharge electrode 41, and is a voltage lower than the above-described "high voltage”.
- “periodically fluctuating the magnitude of the applied voltage V1” may be referred to as “periodically fluctuating the applied voltage V1".
- the liquid 50 held by the discharge electrode 41 is subjected to the force due to the electric field during the period when the applied voltage V1 is high, as shown in FIG. 2A. It receives and forms a conical shape called a Taylor cone. At least part of the distal end portion 411 of the discharge electrode 41 enters the Taylor cone-shaped liquid 50 . Electric discharge is generated by concentration of the electric field at the tip (apex) of the Taylor cone. At this time, the sharper the tip of the Taylor cone, that is, the smaller the apex angle of the cone (the sharper the angle), the smaller the electric field strength required for dielectric breakdown, and the more likely discharge occurs.
- the liquid 50 held by the discharge electrode 41 assumes a substantially spherical shape due to a decrease in the force due to the electric field, as shown in FIG. 2B.
- the liquid 50 held by the discharge electrode 41 alternately deforms between the shape shown in FIG. 2A and the shape shown in FIG. 2B.
- the Taylor cones as described above are formed periodically, so that the discharge is intermittently generated in accordance with the timing at which the Taylor cones as shown in FIG. 2A are formed. 2A and 2B, the liquid 50 is dot-hatched so that the tip 411 and the liquid 50 can be easily distinguished.
- the discharge that occurs intermittently (intermittently) between the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42 in response to periodic fluctuations in the applied voltage V1 is sometimes referred to as "leader discharge".
- the leader discharge intermittently forms a discharge path between the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42 (between the pair of electrodes) to intermittently and repeatedly generate a discharge current (output current). That is, the “leader discharge” includes partial breakdown discharge and full path breakdown discharge that occur intermittently (intermittently) between the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42 in accordance with the periodic fluctuation of the applied voltage V1.
- the leader discharge consists of spark discharge instantaneously (single-shot) generated between the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42, and glow discharge and arc discharge continuously generated between the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42. are different.
- the control circuit 3 controls the voltage application circuit 2 .
- the control circuit 3 performs control to periodically vary the magnitude of the applied voltage V1 during the drive period in which the voltage application device 1 is driven.
- a “driving period” as used in the present disclosure is a period during which the voltage applying device 1 is driven so as to cause the discharge electrode 41 to discharge.
- the control circuit 3 of this embodiment controls the voltage application circuit 2 based on the monitored object.
- the “monitored object” here is composed of at least one of the output current and the output voltage of the voltage applying circuit 2 .
- the control circuit 3 of this embodiment has a voltage control circuit 31 and a current control circuit 32 .
- the voltage control circuit 31 controls the drive circuit 21 of the voltage application circuit 2 based on the monitored object consisting of the output voltage of the voltage application circuit 2 .
- the voltage control circuit 31 outputs a control signal Si1 to the drive circuit 21 and controls the drive circuit 21 with the control signal Si1.
- the current control circuit 32 controls the drive circuit 21 of the voltage application circuit 2 based on the monitored object consisting of the output current of the voltage application circuit 2 .
- the current control circuit 32 outputs a control signal Si2 to the drive circuit 21, and controls the drive circuit 21 with the control signal Si2.
- the voltage control circuit 31 controls the primary voltage of the voltage application circuit 2.
- the output voltage of the voltage applying circuit 2 may be detected indirectly from the .
- the current control circuit 32 controls the voltage application circuit
- the output current of the voltage application circuit 2 may be detected indirectly from the input current of the voltage application circuit 2.
- the load 4 of this embodiment has a housing 40, a discharge electrode 41, and a counter electrode .
- the housing 40 is formed in a rectangular box shape with an opening on the top surface (the surface on the side that holds the counter electrode 42).
- the housing 40 is made of an electrically insulating material such as synthetic resin.
- a housing 40 holds a discharge electrode 41 and a counter electrode 42 . More specifically, the housing 40 holds the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42 so that the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42 face each other with a gap therebetween in the vertical direction.
- the discharge electrode 41 is a rod-shaped electrode.
- the discharge electrode 41 is arranged on the lower side (lower surface) in the internal space of the housing 40 and protrudes upward.
- the longitudinal direction of the discharge electrode 41 of this embodiment extends along the vertical direction.
- the discharge electrode 41 has a shaft portion 41a and a base end portion 41b.
- the shaft portion 41a is formed in a bar shape with a circular cross section.
- the shaft portion 41a has the tip portion 411 described above.
- a base end portion 41b having a flat plate shape is formed continuously and integrally with a first longitudinal end of the shaft portion 41a (an end portion opposite to the tip portion 411 or a lower end).
- the tip portion 411 is formed at the second longitudinal end (upper end or tip) of the shaft portion 41a.
- the tip portion 411 has a tapered shape in which the cross-sectional area becomes smaller as it approaches the tip of the shaft portion 41a.
- the discharge electrode 41 is a needle electrode having a tapered tip portion 411 .
- the term “tapered shape” as used herein is not limited to a shape with a sharply pointed tip, but includes a shape with a rounded tip as shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B.
- the shape of the tip portion 411 of the discharge electrode 41 is, for example, a shape including a conical portion.
- the shape of the portion of the distal end portion 411 facing the counter electrode 42 (here, the shape of the tip or upper end of the conical portion) is, for example, an R shape (R shape).
- R shape as used in the present disclosure may include that the surface of a certain member is rounded (has roundness).
- the distal end surface of the distal end portion 411 of the present embodiment includes a curved surface that is upwardly convex and rounded.
- the tip surface of the discharge electrode 41 of the present embodiment has a cross-sectional shape including the central axis of the discharge electrode 41 that is formed in an arc shape that is continuously connected from the side surface of the tip portion 411 and does not include corners. That is, the entire tip surface of the discharge electrode 41 is a curved surface (curved surface).
- the radius of curvature r2 (see FIG. 4C) of the tip surface of the discharge electrode 41 is preferably 0.2 mm or more.
- the counter electrode 42 is arranged on the upper side (upper surface) of the internal space of the housing 40 .
- the counter electrode 42 is arranged so as to face the tip portion 411 of the discharge electrode 41 with a gap therebetween in the vertical direction.
- the counter electrode 42 is spatially separated from the discharge electrode 41, and the counter electrode 42 and the discharge electrode 41 are electrically insulated.
- the counter electrode 42 has a discharge portion 420 , a support portion 422 , a concave portion 421 , a bottom portion 4211 and a cylindrical portion 423 .
- the concave portion 421, the bottom portion 4211, and the cylindrical portion 423 are formed in an annular shape centered on the tip portion 411 of the discharge electrode 41 in a plan view (top view) when the load 4 is viewed from above. It is That is, the recessed portion 421, the bottom portion 4211, and the cylindrical portion 423 are formed in concentric annular shapes when the load 4 is viewed from above.
- a cylindrical portion 423 , a bottom portion 4211 , a concave portion 421 , and a support portion 422 are arranged in order from the inside centering on the tip portion 411 of the discharge electrode 41 .
- the support portion 422 is held by the housing 40 . As shown in FIG. 3B, the support portion 422 is formed in a flat plate shape whose thickness direction extends along the vertical direction.
- the recessed portion 421 is recessed from the support portion 422 toward the discharge electrode 41 . That is, the recess 421 is formed so as to be recessed downward from the support portion 422 . In other words, the recess 421 protrudes downward from the support 422 . As shown in FIG. 3A, the recess 421 has a circular shape when the load 4 is viewed from above. Further, the concave portion 421 has a cylindrical shape whose diameter becomes smaller as it is concaved downward (progressing downward).
- the bottom portion 4211 protrudes from the lower end of the recessed portion 421 toward the tip portion 411 of the discharge electrode 41 when the load 4 is viewed from above.
- the bottom portion 4211 is formed in a flat plate shape with a thickness direction along the up-down direction and in an annular shape.
- the tubular portion 423 protrudes upward from the inner peripheral end of the bottom portion 4211 . That is, the cylindrical portion 423 extends along the projecting direction of the discharge electrode 41 .
- the cylindrical portion 423 of this embodiment has a cylindrical shape whose diameter decreases as it progresses upward. In other words, the cylindrical portion 423 protrudes away from the discharge electrode 41 and has a truncated cone shape. Cylindrical portion 423 is formed in a dome shape to cover discharge electrode 41 above discharge electrode 41 .
- the cylindrical portion 423 has a first opening 4231 and a second opening 4232 .
- the first opening 4231 and the second opening 4232 are arranged in the vertical direction. In other words, the first opening 4231 and the second opening 4232 are arranged along the projecting direction (upward) of the discharge electrode 41 .
- the first opening 4231 is arranged below the second opening 4232 . That is, the first opening 4231 is arranged closer to the discharge electrode 41 than the second opening 4232 is.
- the first opening 4231 and the second opening 4232 are circular openings centered on the tip 411 of the discharge electrode 41 when the load 4 is viewed from above. As shown in FIG. 4B, the opening diameter D3 of the second opening 4232 of this embodiment is smaller than the opening diameter D4 of the first opening 4231 .
- the tubular portion 423 of this embodiment further has an edge portion 424 .
- the edge portion 424 is a portion of the edge of the first opening 4231 and a portion continuous with the bottom portion 4211 .
- Edge portion 424 is a portion including line L2 where the distance between tip portion 411 of discharge electrode 41 and counter electrode 42 is the shortest.
- the distance between the portion other than edge portion 424 and tip portion 411 of discharge electrode 41 is greater than the distance between edge portion 424 and tip portion 411 of discharge electrode 41 . That is, the edge portion 424 is a portion where electric field concentration is likely to occur.
- the distance between the edge portion 424 and the tip portion 411 of the discharge electrode 41 and the distance between the portion of the cylindrical portion 423 other than the edge portion 424 and the tip portion 411 of the discharge electrode 41 are set so that the electric field concentrates on the edge portion 424. That's enough.
- the edge portion 424 of the cylindrical portion 423 can be used as a discharge portion.
- the line L2 in this embodiment is a virtual line.
- the line L2 is an annular line centered on the tip portion 411 of the discharge electrode 41
- the edge portion 424 is an annular shape including the line L2.
- a distance D1 between the annular line L2 and the tip portion 411 of the discharge electrode 41 is the same over the entire circumference of the line L2.
- the line L2 of the present embodiment forms an imaginary right cone with the length of the generatrix equal to the distance D1 with the tip 411 of the discharge electrode 41 as the apex. Note that the distance D1 between the line L2 and the tip 411 of the discharge electrode 41 is smaller than the distance D2 between the edge of the second opening 4232 and the tip 411 of the discharge electrode 41 .
- the edge 424 of this embodiment has a curved surface.
- the edge portion 424 has a rounded shape that protrudes toward the tip portion 411 of the discharge electrode 41 .
- the edge portion 424 is formed in a semicircular arc shape continuously connected from the bottom portion 4211 in its cross section and does not include corners. That is, the entire surface of the edge portion 424 of the cylindrical portion 423 is a curved surface (curved surface).
- the curvature radius r1 of the edge portion 424 is preferably 1/2 or more of the curvature radius r2 of the tip portion 411 of the discharge electrode 41 (see FIG. 4C). That is, it is preferable to satisfy the relational expression "r1 ⁇ r2 ⁇ 1/2". As an example, when the curvature radius r2 of the tip portion 411 of the discharge electrode 41 is 0.6 mm, the curvature radius r1 of the edge portion 424 is preferably 0.3 mm or more.
- the term “curvature radius” as used herein means the minimum value, that is, the radius of curvature of the portion where the curvature is maximum for both the edge portion 424 and the tip portion 411 of the discharge electrode 41 . However, since the scales of FIG. 4B and FIG. 4C are different, "r1" in FIG. 4B and “r2" in FIG. 4C do not immediately represent the ratio between "r1" and "r2". .
- the curvature radius r1 of the edge portion 424 is larger than the curvature radius r2 of the tip portion 411 of the discharge electrode 41 .
- the curvature radius r1 of the edge portion 424 of this embodiment is larger than the curvature radius r2 of the tip portion 411 of the discharge electrode 41 .
- a discharge portion 420 shown in FIG. 4A is a portion where discharge occurs with the tip portion 411 of the discharge electrode 41 .
- the discharge portion 420 linearly extends along the circumference centering on the tip portion 411 of the discharge electrode 41 .
- the discharge portion 420 of this embodiment is formed in the edge portion 424 . In other words, the discharge part 420 is formed at the edge of the first opening 4231 .
- the discharge portion 420 of the present embodiment is a portion (strip-shaped surface) including the line L2 where the distance between the tip portion 411 of the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42 is the shortest. Since the discharge portion 420 includes the line L2, discharge is more likely to occur between the discharge portion 420 and the tip portion 411 of the discharge electrode 41, and the amount of active ingredients produced can be increased.
- the discharge portion 420 of the present embodiment is formed in an annular shape along the circumference centering on the tip portion 411 of the discharge electrode 41 .
- the discharge portion 420 is formed in an annular shape along the circumference centered on the tip portion 411 of the discharge electrode 41 in a plan view seen from the axial direction of the discharge electrode 41 .
- the discharge portion 420 of this embodiment is formed in an annular shape including the line L2.
- a dotted line in FIGS. 4A and 4B indicates the discharge path L1 between the discharge portion 420 and the tip portion 411 of the discharge electrode 41. As shown in FIG.
- the discharge path L ⁇ b>1 of the present embodiment is formed along the generatrix of an imaginary right cone formed by the tip portion 411 of the discharge electrode 41 and the discharge portion 420 .
- the discharge path L1 is formed along the side surface of the cone formed by the tip portion 411 of the discharge electrode 41 and the discharge portion 420 .
- a discharge that occurs in a conical side surface shape with the tip 411 of the discharge electrode 41 as the apex is referred to as a “round discharge”.
- the round discharge forms a discharge path extending like a conical side connecting between the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42 (between the pair of electrodes).
- the discharge portion 420 of the present embodiment is formed at the edge portion 424, the discharge portion 420 has a curved surface. Since the discharge portion 420 has a curved surface, it is possible to suppress an excessive increase in electric field concentration. By suppressing an excessive increase in electric field concentration, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the amount of active ingredient produced due to the progress of the discharge form.
- the curvature radius r1 of the discharge portion 420 of the present embodiment is larger than the curvature radius r2 of the tip portion 411 of the discharge electrode 41 .
- the curvature radius r1 of the curved surface of the discharge portion 420 is larger than the curvature radius r2 of the tip portion 411 of the discharge electrode 41 .
- the active ingredient generated around the edge of the first opening 4231 (edge 424 ) due to the discharge passes through the inner space of the cylindrical portion 423 and is released from the second opening 4232 . That is, the tubular portion 423 of the present embodiment serves as a release route for the active ingredient. Cylindrical portion 423 serves as a release path for the active ingredient, so that the active ingredient can be released efficiently.
- the opening diameter D3 of the second opening 4232 of this embodiment is smaller than the opening diameter D4 of the first opening 4231 . Since the opening diameter D3 is smaller than the opening diameter D4, the cylindrical portion 423 functions as a nozzle that releases the active ingredient. Therefore, the flow rate of the active ingredient released from the second opening 4232 through the inner space of the cylindrical portion 423 increases, and the active ingredient can be released more efficiently.
- FIGS. 5A to 5C are conceptual diagrams for explaining the form of discharge, and in FIGS. 5A to 5C, the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42 are schematically shown. Further, in the discharge device 10 according to the present embodiment, the discharge electrode 41 actually holds the liquid 50, and discharge occurs between the liquid 50 and the counter electrode 42. However, FIGS. 5A to 5C The illustration of the liquid 50 is omitted here. In the following description, it is assumed that there is no liquid 50 at the tip 411 of the discharge electrode 41. However, in the case where the liquid 50 is present, the "tip 411 of the discharge electrode 41" is used as the discharge generation location. It can be read as "the liquid 50 held by the discharge electrode 41".
- the discharge device 10 first generates a local corona discharge at the tip 411 of the discharge electrode 41 .
- the discharge electrode 41 is on the negative (ground) side, so the corona discharge generated at the tip 411 of the discharge electrode 41 is negative corona.
- the discharge device 10 develops the corona discharge generated at the tip 411 of the discharge electrode 41 into a higher-energy discharge. Due to this high-energy discharge, a partially dielectrically broken discharge path L1 is formed between the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42 .
- partial breakdown discharge is one aspect of reader discharge. That is, the partial breakdown discharge is accompanied by partial dielectric breakdown between a pair of electrodes (discharge electrode 41 and counter electrode 42), but the dielectric breakdown does not occur continuously, but occurs intermittently. Discharge. Therefore, the discharge current generated between the pair of electrodes is also generated intermittently. That is, when the power source (voltage application circuit 2) does not have the current capacity required to maintain the discharge path L1, the voltage is applied between the pair of electrodes as soon as the corona discharge progresses to the partial breakdown discharge. The voltage applied to the capacitor drops, the discharge path L1 is interrupted, and the discharge stops.
- the "current capacity” referred to here is the capacity of current that can be discharged per unit time.
- partial breakdown discharge is different from spark discharge in which dielectric breakdown occurs instantaneously (single-shot) in that a state of high discharge energy and a state of low discharge energy are repeated.
- partial breakdown discharge is different from glow discharge and arc discharge in which insulation breakdown occurs continuously (that is, discharge current is continuously generated) in that a state of high discharge energy and a state of low discharge energy are repeated. differ.
- the voltage application device 1 applies an applied voltage V1 between the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42, which are arranged to face each other with a gap therebetween, thereby increasing the voltage between the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42. cause a discharge between Then, when a discharge occurs, a discharge path L1 is formed between the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42 with a partial dielectric breakdown. As shown in FIG. 5A, the discharge path L1 formed at this time includes a first dielectric breakdown region R1 generated around the discharge electrode 41 and a second dielectric breakdown region R2 generated around the counter electrode 42. and are included.
- a discharge path L1 is formed between the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42 not entirely but partially (locally) with dielectric breakdown.
- the discharge path L1 formed between the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42 is a path where the insulation is partially broken down without reaching the full path breakdown.
- the shape (R shape) of the tip portion 411 of the discharge electrode 41 and the edge portion 424 of the cylindrical portion 423 are appropriately set so as to moderately relax the concentration of the electric field, thereby generating a partial breakdown discharge. easier to implement. That is, the shape of the tip portion 411 and the radius of curvature r1 of the edge portion 424, along with other factors such as the length of the discharge electrode 41 and the applied voltage V1, are appropriately set so as to loosen the concentration of the electric field. You can moderately relax your concentration.
- the discharge path L1 includes a first dielectric breakdown region R1 generated around the discharge electrode 41 and a second dielectric breakdown region R2 generated around the counter electrode . That is, the first dielectric breakdown region R1 is a dielectrically broken region around the discharge electrode 41, and the second dielectric breakdown region R2 is a dielectrically broken region around the counter electrode .
- the first dielectric breakdown region R1 is formed around the discharge electrode 41. generated around the liquid 50 in particular.
- the first dielectric breakdown region R1 and the second dielectric breakdown region R2 are separated from each other so as not to contact each other.
- the discharge path L1 includes a region (insulation region) where dielectric breakdown does not occur at least between the first dielectric breakdown region R1 and the second dielectric breakdown region R2. Therefore, in the partial breakdown discharge, the space between the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42 does not completely break down, but is partially broken down, and the discharge current flows through the discharge path L1. Become. In short, even if the discharge path L1 has a partial dielectric breakdown, in other words, even if the discharge path L1 is partially unbroken, the discharge path L1 will flow between the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42. A discharge current flows and discharge occurs.
- the second dielectric breakdown region R2 basically occurs around the portion of the counter electrode 42 where the distance (spatial distance) to the discharge electrode 41 is the shortest.
- the counter electrode 42 has the shortest distance D1 (see FIG. 4A) to the discharge electrode 41 at the curved edge portion 424 (discharge portion 420) of the cylindrical portion 423.
- a breakdown region R2 is created around edge 424 . That is, the counter electrode 42 shown in FIG. 5A actually corresponds to the edge portion 424 of the tubular portion 423 .
- the discharge portion 420 is a portion including an annular line L2 where the distance between the tip portion 411 of the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42 is the shortest. Therefore, the second dielectric breakdown region R2 is generated around this annular line L2.
- the region of the discharge portion 420 where the second dielectric breakdown region R2 is generated is not limited to a specific region, and is randomly determined around the ring-shaped line L2.
- the first dielectric breakdown region R1 around the discharge electrode 41 extends from the discharge electrode 41 toward the opposing counter electrode 42 .
- a second dielectric breakdown region R2 around the counter electrode 42 extends from the counter electrode 42 toward the discharge electrode 41 which is the counterpart.
- the first dielectric breakdown region R1 and the second dielectric breakdown region R2 extend toward each other from the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42, respectively. Therefore, each of the first dielectric breakdown region R1 and the second dielectric breakdown region R2 has a length along the discharge path L1.
- the partially dielectrically broken regions (each of the first dielectric breakdown region R1 and the second dielectric breakdown region R2) have a shape elongated in a specific direction.
- radicals are generated with greater energy than corona discharge (see FIG. 5B), and a large amount of radicals about 2 to 10 times greater than corona discharge are generated.
- the radicals thus generated are the basis for producing useful effects in various situations, not limited to sterilization, deodorization, moisturizing, freshness preservation, and virus inactivation.
- ozone is also generated.
- the amount of radicals generated is about 2 to 10 times that of the corona discharge, whereas the amount of ozone generated is suppressed to the same level as in the case of the corona discharge.
- Spark discharge, glow discharge and arc discharge are discharges accompanied by dielectric breakdown between a pair of electrodes.
- a spark discharge is a discharge in which a discharge path is formed instantaneously (single-shot).
- glow discharge and arc discharge while energy is applied between a pair of electrodes, a discharge path formed by dielectric breakdown is maintained, and discharge current is continuously generated between the pair of electrodes.
- corona discharge is a discharge that is locally generated at one electrode (discharge electrode 41), and a dielectric breakdown between a pair of electrodes (discharge electrode 41 and counter electrode 42) occurs.
- a local corona discharge is generated at the tip portion 411 of the discharge electrode 41 .
- the discharge electrode 41 is on the negative (ground) side, the corona discharge generated at the tip portion 411 of the discharge electrode 41 is negative corona.
- a local dielectric breakdown region R3 may occur around the tip 411 of the discharge electrode 41 .
- This dielectric breakdown region R3 does not have a shape elongated in a specific direction like each of the first dielectric breakdown region R1 and the second dielectric breakdown region R2 in the partial breakdown discharge, but has a dot shape (or spherical shape).
- the discharge path once formed is maintained without interruption, as described above. It develops from corona discharge and spark discharge to glow discharge and arc discharge.
- the all-path breakdown discharge is a form of discharge in which the phenomenon of progressing from corona discharge to all-path breakdown between a pair of electrodes is intermittently repeated. That is, in the all-path breakdown discharge, a discharge path is generated between the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42 where the insulation is totally broken down. At this time, a dielectric breakdown region R4 may occur between the tip 411 of the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42 (discharge section 420). This dielectric breakdown region R4 does not occur partially like the first dielectric breakdown region R1 and the second dielectric breakdown region R2 in the partial breakdown discharge. It occurs so as to connect continuously between
- the all-path breakdown discharge is one aspect of the leader discharge. That is, the all-path breakdown discharge is accompanied by dielectric breakdown (all-path breakdown) between a pair of electrodes (discharge electrode 41 and counter electrode 42), but the dielectric breakdown does not occur continuously, but is intermittent. This is the discharge that occurs at Therefore, the discharge current generated between the pair of electrodes (the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42) also occurs intermittently. That is, in the case where the power supply (voltage application circuit 2) does not have the current capacity required to maintain the discharge path L1 as described above, the pair of electrodes The voltage applied between them drops, the discharge path L1 is interrupted, and the discharge stops. A discharge current flows intermittently by repeating the generation and termination of such a discharge.
- all-path breakdown discharge is different from spark discharge in which dielectric breakdown occurs instantaneously (single-shot) in that a state of high discharge energy and a state of low discharge energy are repeated.
- all-path breakdown discharge is different from glow discharge and arc discharge in which insulation breakdown occurs continuously (that is, discharge current is continuously generated) in that a state of high discharge energy and a state of low discharge energy are repeated. are different.
- the partial breakdown discharge (see FIG. 5A) generated by the discharge device 10 of the present embodiment
- loss of radicals due to excessive energy can be suppressed compared to the full path breakdown discharge (see FIG. 5C). It is possible to improve the efficiency of generating radicals even when compared with all-path breakdown discharge. That is, in the all-path breakdown discharge, since the energy involved in the discharge is too high, some of the generated radicals may disappear, leading to a decrease in the efficiency of generating active ingredients.
- the energy involved in the discharge is kept small compared to the full path breakdown discharge, so the amount of radicals lost due to exposure to excessive energy is reduced, and the radical generation efficiency is improved. can be achieved.
- the concentration of the electric field is relaxed compared to the full path breakdown discharge. Therefore, in the all-path breakdown discharge, a large discharge current instantaneously flows between the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42 through the all-path breakdown discharge path, and the electrical resistance at that time is extremely small.
- the concentration of the electric field is relaxed, so that the maximum value of the current instantaneously flowing between the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42 when the discharge path L1 is partially broken down is formed. is suppressed to be smaller than that of all-path breakdown discharge.
- the generation of nitrided oxide (NOx) is suppressed, and the electrical noise is suppressed to a low level.
- the discharge generated by the discharge device 10 of this embodiment is a round discharge in which the discharge path L1 is formed along the side surface of the cone formed by the tip 411 of the discharge electrode 41 and the discharge portion 420 . Since the discharge portion 420 can have the maximum length along the circumference by making the discharge portion 420 annular, the discharge between the discharge electrode 41 and the discharge portion 420 with the tip portion 411 of the discharge electrode 41 as the vertex The path L1 becomes wider. That is, the space in which the discharge occurs is expanded. By widening the discharge path L1, it is possible to further increase the amount of active ingredients produced.
- the discharge generated by the discharge device 10 of the present embodiment is a "round leader discharge" that is a leader discharge and a round discharge.
- the round leader discharge intermittently forms a discharge path extending like a conical side connecting the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42 (between the pair of electrodes), and intermittently and repeatedly generates a discharge current (output current).
- Round leader discharge has the advantages of leader discharge and round discharge. In the round leader discharge, by widening the discharge path L1 into a conical side surface, the electric field concentration can be prevented from growing rapidly and developing into a full-path breakdown discharge, and the partial breakdown discharge can be spread spatially. In other words, in the round leader discharge, it is possible to increase the amount of active ingredients generated as compared with the conventional leader discharge.
- FIG. 6A is a cross-sectional view of a main part including the counter electrode 42 of the load 4 in the discharge device according to the first modification.
- the shape of the opposing electrode 42 is different from that of the above embodiment.
- the discharge electrode 41 actually holds the liquid 50, and discharge occurs between the liquid 50 and the counter electrode 42, but the illustration of the liquid 50 is omitted in FIG. 6A. .
- the "tip 411 of the discharge electrode 41" is used as the discharge generation location. It can be read as "the liquid 50 held by the discharge electrode 41".
- the counter electrode 42 of the first modified example has a cylindrical portion 423a instead of the cylindrical portion 423 of the above embodiment.
- the cylindrical portion 423a has a stepped portion 4233. As shown in FIG. In other words, the cylindrical portion 423a has at least one stepped portion 4233. As shown in FIG.
- the step portion 4233 is formed between the first opening portion 4231 and the second opening portion 4232 on the inner periphery of the cylindrical portion 423a.
- the stepped portion 4233 has an annular shape. More specifically, the stepped portion 4233 has an annular shape around the tip portion 411 of the discharge electrode 41 when the load 4 is viewed from above.
- the inner diameter D5 of the stepped portion 4233 is smaller than the opening diameter D4 of the first opening 4231 (see FIG. 4B) and larger than the opening diameter D3 of the second opening 4232 (see FIG. 4B). That is, the stepped portion 4233 is a portion where the inner diameter of the cylindrical portion 423a becomes smaller in a plan view (bottom view) of the load 4 viewed from below.
- the inner diameter of the cylindrical portion 423a from the first opening 4231 to the stepped portion 4233 is equal to the opening diameter D4 of the first opening 4231.
- the inner diameter of the cylindrical portion 423a from the stepped portion 4233 to the lower end of the second opening 4232 is equal to the inner diameter D5 of the stepped portion 4233 .
- the stepped portion 4233 of this modified example has a curved surface.
- the stepped portion 4233 has a roundness that protrudes toward the tip portion 411 of the discharge electrode 41 .
- the curvature radius r3 of the stepped portion 4233 is preferably 1/2 or more of the curvature radius r2 of the tip portion 411 of the discharge electrode 41 (see FIG. 4C).
- the curvature radius r3 of the stepped portion 4233 of this modified example is larger than the curvature radius r2 of the tip portion 411 of the discharge electrode 41 .
- the dashed-dotted line in FIG. 6A indicates the range where the distance between the tip 411 of the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42 is the shortest.
- a distance D1a between the step portion 4233 and the tip portion 411 of the discharge electrode 41 in this modified example is equal to the distance D1 between the line L2 of the edge portion 424 (see FIG. 4A) and the tip portion 411 of the discharge electrode 41 . That is, the distance D1a between the step portion 4233 and the tip portion 411 of the discharge electrode 41 is the shortest distance between the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode .
- the counter electrode 42 of this modified example has a plurality of (two in the example of FIG. 6A) discharge portions 420 .
- One of the two discharge parts 420 is formed at the edge 424 of the first opening 4231 as in the above embodiment. That is, the discharge portion 420 formed at the edge portion 424 is one of the plurality of discharge portions 420 . Also, the other of the two discharge portions 420 is formed in the step portion 4233 .
- the discharge portion 420 formed in the stepped portion 4233 also generates round leader discharge in the same way as the discharge portion 420 formed in the edge portion 424 . Since the counter electrode 42 has a plurality of discharge portions 420 , it is possible to suppress excessive increase in electric field concentration in each discharge portion 420 .
- the cylindrical portion 423a may have two or more (a plurality of) stepped portions.
- a discharge portion 420 is formed in each of the two or more stepped portions.
- FIG. 6B is a cross-sectional view of a main part including the counter electrode 42 of the load 4 in the discharge device according to the second modification.
- the counter electrode 42 of the second modified example has a tubular portion 423b instead of the tubular portion 423a of the above embodiment.
- the cylindrical portion 423b has a plurality of (two in the example of FIG. 6B) stepped portions 4234 and 4235.
- the stepped portion 4234 is arranged below the stepped portion 4235 . In other words, the stepped portion 4234 is arranged closer to the first opening 4231 than the stepped portion 4235 .
- the inner diameters of the plurality of stepped portions 4234 and 4235 are smaller than the opening diameter D4 of the first opening 4231 (see FIG. 4B) and larger than the opening diameter D3 of the second opening 4232 (see FIG. 4B).
- the inner diameter of the stepped portion 4234 is larger than the inner diameter of the stepped portion 4235 arranged on the stepped portion 4234 . That is, among the plurality of stepped portions arranged in the vertical direction, the inner diameter of the stepped portion arranged on the lower side is larger than the inner diameter of the stepped portion arranged on the upper side.
- the two stepped portions 4234 and 4235 are portions where the inner diameter of the tubular portion 423b is reduced in the bottom view of the load 4 . Other shapes of the two stepped portions 4234 and 4235 are the same as the stepped portion 4233 described in the first modified example.
- the dashed-dotted line in FIG. 6B indicates the range where the distance between the tip portion 411 of the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42 is the shortest.
- the distance D1b between the stepped portion 4234 and the tip 411 of the discharge electrode 41 in this modification is equal to the distance D1 between the line L2 of the edge 424 (see FIG. 4A) and the tip 411 of the discharge electrode 41 .
- a distance D1c between the step portion 4235 and the tip portion 411 of the discharge electrode 41 in this modified example is equal to the distance D1 between the line L2 of the edge portion 424 and the tip portion 411 of the discharge electrode 41 .
- the distance D1b between the stepped portion 4234 and the tip portion 411 of the discharge electrode 41 and the distance D1c between the stepped portion 4235 and the tip portion 411 of the discharge electrode 41 are the shortest distances between the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42. .
- the counter electrode 42 of this modified example has a plurality of (three in the example of FIG. 6B) discharge portions 420 .
- One of the three discharge parts 420 is formed at the edge 424 of the first opening 4231 as in the above embodiment. Also, one of the three discharge portions 420 is formed in the stepped portion 4234 . Also, one of the three discharge portions 420 is formed in the stepped portion 4235 .
- the discharge portions 420 formed on the two stepped portions 4234 and 4235 also generate round leader discharge, like the discharge portion 420 formed on the edge portion 424 . Since the counter electrode 42 has a plurality of discharge portions 420 , it is possible to suppress excessive increase in electric field concentration in each discharge portion 420 .
- each of the counter electrode 42 and the discharge electrode 41 can be appropriately changed without being limited to the examples of FIGS. 6A and 6B.
- the tubular portion 423b may have three or more stepped portions.
- the distance from the tip portion 411 of the discharge electrode 41 to the stepped portion is the shortest distance (distance D1).
- the distance from the tip portion 411 of the discharge electrode 41 to the stepped portion depends on the curvature radius r1 of the edge portion 424, the curvature radius of each of the plurality of stepped portions, and the form of discharge generated near the edge portion 424 and the stepped portion. can be set as appropriate.
- the discharge device 10 may omit the liquid supply section 5 for generating the charged particulate liquid.
- the discharge device 10 generates air ions by partial breakdown discharge generated between the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42 . That is, the discharge device 10 may be an ion generator or the like other than the electrostatic atomizer.
- the configuration of the liquid supply unit 5 is not limited to cooling the discharge electrode 41 to generate condensed water on the discharge electrode 41 as in the above embodiment.
- the liquid supply unit 5 may be configured to supply the liquid 50 from the tank to the discharge electrode 41 using, for example, capillary action or a supply mechanism such as a pump.
- the liquid 50 is not limited to water (including condensed water), and may be liquid other than water.
- the voltage application circuit 2 may be configured to apply a high voltage between the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42 with the discharge electrode 41 as a positive electrode (plus) and the counter electrode 42 as a negative electrode (ground). good. Furthermore, since it is sufficient that a potential difference (voltage) is generated between the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42, the voltage application circuit 2 grounds the electrode on the high potential side (positive electrode) and grounds the electrode on the low potential side (negative electrode). is a negative potential, a negative voltage may be applied to the load 4 . That is, the voltage applying circuit 2 may have the discharge electrode 41 grounded and the counter electrode 42 at a negative potential, or may have the discharge electrode 41 at a negative potential and the counter electrode 42 grounded.
- the voltage application device 1 may include a limiting resistor between the voltage application circuit 2 and the discharge electrode 41 or the counter electrode 42 of the load 4 .
- the limiting resistor is a resistor for limiting the peak value of the discharge current that flows after dielectric breakdown in partial breakdown discharge.
- the limiting resistor is electrically connected between the voltage application circuit 2 and the discharge electrode 41 or between the voltage application circuit 2 and the counter electrode 42, for example.
- the voltage application circuit 2 may be a self-excited converter or a separately-excited converter. Also, the voltage generation circuit 22 may be realized by a transformer (piezoelectric transformer) having a piezoelectric element.
- the discharge form adopted by the discharge device 10 is not limited to the form described in the above embodiment.
- the discharge device 10 uses a form of discharge in which the phenomenon of progressing from corona discharge to dielectric breakdown between a pair of electrodes is intermittently repeated, that is, "all-path breakdown discharge" as one mode of round discharge.
- all-path breakdown discharge as one mode of round discharge.
- the discharge device 10 when the corona discharge progresses to the dielectric breakdown between the pair of electrodes, a relatively large discharge current flows instantaneously, and immediately after that, the applied voltage drops and the discharge current is interrupted.
- the phenomenon that the applied voltage rises and leads to dielectric breakdown is repeated.
- each of the leader discharge, the round discharge, and the round leader discharge may be either a partial breakdown discharge or a full path breakdown discharge.
- the discharge device 10 may employ spark discharge, arc discharge, or glow discharge, which is an advanced form of corona discharge, as one form of round discharge. It is the same as the round leader discharge in that it is possible to increase the amount of active ingredients generated by the discharge by widening the discharge path.
- the shape of the counter electrode 42 is not limited to the uneven shape shown in FIG. 3B. That is, the counter electrode 42 does not have to have the concave portion 421, the cylindrical portion 423, and the like.
- the counter electrode 42 may be formed in a flat plate shape whose thickness direction is along the vertical direction. The counter electrode 42 should just have the discharge part 420 at least.
- the shape of the discharge portion 420 is not limited to an annular shape.
- the shape of the discharge portion 420 may be linearly extending along the circumference centered on the tip portion 411 of the discharge electrode 41 .
- the shape of the discharge portion 420 may be an annular shape with at least a part missing.
- functions similar to those of the voltage application device 1 according to the above embodiment may be embodied by a control method for the voltage application circuit 2, a computer program, or a recording medium recording the computer program. That is, the function corresponding to the control circuit 3 may be embodied by a control method for the voltage application circuit 2, a computer program, or a recording medium recording the computer program.
- the discharge device (10) includes the discharge electrode (41), the counter electrode (42), and the voltage application device (1).
- the discharge electrode (41) has a tip (411).
- the counter electrode (42) is arranged to face the tip (411) of the discharge electrode (41) with a gap therebetween.
- a voltage application device (1) generates a discharge between a discharge electrode (41) and a counter electrode (42) by applying a voltage between the discharge electrode (41) and the counter electrode (42).
- the discharge electrode (41) protrudes (upward) toward the counter electrode (42).
- the counter electrode (42) has a discharge part (420) in which discharge occurs between it and the tip (411) of the discharge electrode (41).
- the discharge portion (420) linearly extends along a circumference (line L2) centered on the tip (411) of the discharge electrode (41).
- the discharge part (420) linearly extends along the circumference (line L2) centering on the tip (411) of the discharge electrode (41), the discharge part (420) is formed in a needle shape.
- the discharge path (L1) with the tip (411) of the discharge electrode (41) as the apex is widened. By widening the discharge path (L1), it is possible to increase the amount of active ingredients (including radicals, etc.) generated by the discharge.
- the discharge part (420) has a distance (D1) between the tip (411) of the discharge electrode (41) and the counter electrode (42). This is the portion including the shortest line (L2).
- the discharge portion (420) includes the line (L2) with the shortest distance (D1) from the tip (411) of the discharge electrode (41). Discharge is more likely to occur between the tip (411), and the amount of active ingredients produced can be increased.
- the discharge part (420) is a circle along the circumference centered on the tip (411) of the discharge electrode (41). It is formed in an annular shape.
- the discharge part (420) can be made to have the maximum length along the circumference by making the discharge part (420) circular, the tip part (411) of the discharge electrode (41) can be positioned at the apex.
- the discharge path (L1) of . By widening the discharge path (L1), it is possible to further increase the amount of active ingredient produced.
- the discharge part (420) has a curved surface.
- the radius of curvature (r1) of the curved surface of the discharge part (420) is the radius of curvature (r1) of the tip (411) of the discharge electrode (41) r2) is greater.
- the electric field concentration is prevented from excessively increasing. can be suppressed.
- the counter electrode (42) further has a cylindrical portion (423).
- the cylindrical portion (423) extends along the direction (upward) in which the discharge electrode (41) protrudes.
- the tubular portion (423) has a first opening (4231) and a second opening (4232).
- the first opening (4231) and the second opening (4232) are arranged along the projecting direction.
- the first opening (4231) is formed closer to the discharge electrode (41) than the second opening (4232).
- the discharge part (420) is formed at the edge (edge part 424) of the first opening (4231).
- the effective ingredient can be efficiently released by the cylindrical part (423) serving as a release path for the active ingredient.
- the cylindrical portion (423) further has at least one stepped portion (4233; 4234; 4235).
- the stepped portions (4233; 4234; 4235) are formed between the first opening (4231) and the second opening (4232) on the inner circumference of the cylindrical portion (423).
- the stepped portions (4233; 4234; 4235) are formed in an annular shape.
- the discharge section (420) is one of a plurality of discharge sections (420). At least one discharge portion (420) among the plurality of discharge portions (420) is formed in at least one stepped portion (4233; 4234; 4235).
- the edge (edge 424) of the first opening (4231) is the tip (411) of the discharge electrode (41). This is the portion including the line (L2) with the shortest distance (D1) to the counter electrode (42).
- the opening diameter (D3) of the second opening (4232) is smaller than the opening diameter (D4) of the first opening (4231).
- the discharge portion (420) is formed at the edge (424) including the line (L2) where the distance (D1) from the tip (411) of the discharge electrode (41) is the shortest. , discharge is more likely to occur between the tip portion (411) of the discharge electrode (41) and the discharge portion (420), and the amount of active ingredient produced can be increased.
- the opening diameter (D3) of the second opening (4232) is smaller than the opening diameter (D4) of the first opening (4231), the active ingredient is more efficiently released from the second opening (4232). easier.
- the tip (411) of the discharge electrode (41) holds the liquid (50).
- the liquid (50) is electrostatically atomized by electrical discharge.
- charged fine particle liquid containing radicals is generated. Therefore, compared with the case where the radicals are released into the air by themselves, it is possible to extend the life of the radicals. Furthermore, since the charged microparticle liquid is, for example, nanometer-sized, the charged microparticle liquid can be suspended over a relatively wide range.
- the discharge device (10) according to the tenth aspect, in the ninth aspect, further comprises a liquid supply section (5).
- a liquid supply section (5) supplies a liquid (50) to the discharge electrode (41).
- the liquid (50) is automatically supplied to the discharge electrode (41) by the liquid supply section (5), so there is no need to supply the liquid (50) to the discharge electrode (41).
- Configurations other than the first aspect are not essential configurations for the discharge device (10), and can be omitted as appropriate.
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Abstract
Description
まず、本実施形態に係る放電装置10の概要について、図1~図4Aを参照して説明する。図1は、実施形態に係る放電装置10のブロック図である。図2Aは、放電装置10における放電電極41に保持されている液体が伸びた状態を示す模式図である。図2Bは、放電電極41に保持されている液体が縮んだ状態を示す模式図である。図3Aは、放電装置41における負荷4を示す上面図である。図3Bは、図3AのX1-X1線断面図である。図4Aは、負荷4の要部を一部破断した模式図である。
以下、本実施形態に係る放電装置10について、図1~図5Cを参照して説明する。図4Bは、放電装置41における負荷4の要部の断面図である。図4Cは、放電装置10における放電電極41の正面図である。図5Aは、部分破壊放電の放電形態を示す模式図である。図5Bは、コロナ放電の放電形態を示す模式図である。図5Cは、全路破壊放電の放電形態を示す模式図である。
図1に示すように、本実施形態に係る放電装置10は、電圧印加装置1と、負荷4と、液体供給部5と、を備えている。
液体供給部5は、放電電極41に対して静電霧化用の液体50を供給する。液体供給部5は、一例として、図3Bに示す冷却装置51を用いて実現される。冷却装置51は、放電電極41を冷却して、放電電極41に液体50(図2A参照)として結露水を発生させる。具体的には、冷却装置51は、一対のペルチェ素子511、及び一対の放熱板512を備えている。一対のペルチェ素子511は、一対の放熱板512に保持されている。冷却装置51は、一対のペルチェ素子511への通電によって放電電極41を冷却する。一対の放熱板512は、一対の放熱板512の各々における一部が負荷4の後述するハウジング40に埋め込まれることにより、ハウジング40に保持されている。一対の放熱板512のうち、少なくともペルチェ素子511を保持する部位は、ハウジング40から露出している。
図1に示すように、本実施形態の電圧印加装置1は、電圧印加回路2と、制御回路3とを備えている。
図3Bに示すように、本実施形態の負荷4は、ハウジング40と、放電電極41と、対向電極42と、を有している。
図3Bに示すように、ハウジング40は、上面(対向電極42を保持する側の面)が開口である、矩形箱状に形成されている。ハウジング40は、例えば合成樹脂等の電気絶縁性を有する部材で形成されている。ハウジング40は、放電電極41と、対向電極42と、を保持している。より具体的には、ハウジング40は、放電電極41と対向電極42とが上下方向において隙間を介して対向するように、放電電極41及び対向電極42を保持している。
図3Bに示すように、放電電極41は、棒状の電極である。本実施形態では、放電電極41は、ハウジング40の内部空間における下側(下面)に配置されており、上向きに突出している。言い換えると、本実施形態の放電電極41の長手方向は上下方向に沿っている。
図3Bに示すように、対向電極42は、ハウジング40の内部空間における上側(上面)に配置されている。対向電極42は、上下方向において、放電電極41の先端部411と隙間を介して対向するように配置されている。言い換えると、対向電極42は放電電極41と空間的に離れており、対向電極42と放電電極41とは電気的に絶縁されている。対向電極42は、放電部420と、支持部422と、凹部421と、底部4211と、筒部423と、を有している。
以下、放電電極41及び対向電極42間に印加電圧V1を印加した場合に発生する放電形態の詳細について、図5A~図5Cを参照して説明する。図5A~図5Cは、放電形態を説明するための概念図であって、図5A~図5Cでは、放電電極41及び対向電極42を模式的に表している。また、本実施形態に係る放電装置10では、実際には、放電電極41には液体50が保持されており、この液体50と対向電極42との間で放電が生じるが、図5A~図5Cでは、液体50の図示を省略する。また、以下では、放電電極41の先端部411に液体50が無い場合を想定して説明するが、液体50が有る場合には、放電の発生箇所等について「放電電極41の先端部411」を「放電電極41に保持された液体50」に読み替えればよい。
上記実施形態は、本開示の様々な実施形態の一つに過ぎない。上記実施形態は、本開示の目的を達成できれば、設計等に応じて種々の変更が可能である。以下、上記実施形態の変形例を列挙する。以下に説明する変形例は、適宜組み合わせて適用可能である。
図6Aは、第1変形例に係る放電装置における負荷4の対向電極42を含む要部の断面図である。第1変形例の負荷4では、図6Aに示すように、対向電極42の形状が上記実施形態と相違する。また、負荷4では、実際には、放電電極41には液体50が保持されており、この液体50と対向電極42との間で放電が生じるが、図6Aでは、液体50の図示を省略する。また、以下では、放電電極41の先端部411に液体50が無い場合を想定して説明するが、液体50が有る場合には、放電の発生箇所等について「放電電極41の先端部411」を「放電電極41に保持された液体50」に読み替えればよい。
図6Bは、第2変形例に係る放電装置における負荷4の対向電極42を含む要部の断面図である。図6Bに示すように、第2変形例の対向電極42は、上記実施形態の筒部423aに代えて筒部423bを有している。筒部423bは、複数(図6Bの例では2つ)の段差部4234,4235を有している。段差部4234は段差部4235の下に配置されている。言い換えると、段差部4234は、段差部4235より第1開口部4231に近い部分に配置されている。
放電装置10は、帯電微粒子液を生成するための液体供給部5が省略されていてもよい。この場合、放電装置10は、放電電極41、及び対向電極42間に生じる部分破壊放電によって、空気イオンを生成する。すなわち、放電装置10は、静電霧化装置以外に、イオン発生装置などであってもよい。
以上説明したように、第1の態様に係る放電装置(10)は、放電電極(41)と、対向電極(42)と電圧印加装置(1)とを備える。放電電極(41)は先端部(411)を有する。対向電極(42)は、放電電極(41)の先端部(411)と隙間を介して対向するように配置されている。電圧印加装置(1)は、放電電極(41)と対向電極(42)との間に電圧を印加することにより放電電極(41)と対向電極(42)との間に放電を生じさせる。放電電極(41)は対向電極(42)に向かって(上向き)に突出している。対向電極(42)は、放電電極(41)の先端部(411)との間で放電が生じる放電部(420)を有している。放電部(420)は、放電電極(41)の先端部(411)を中心とする円周(線L2)に沿って線状に延びている。
41 放電電極
411 先端部
42 対向電極
420 放電部
423 筒部
4231 第1開口部
4232 第2開口部
4233,4234,4235 段差部
424 縁部(第1開口部の縁)
5 液体供給部
50 液体
D1 距離
D3 開口径
D4 開口径
L1 放電経路
L2 線
r1 曲率半径
r2 曲率半径
Claims (11)
- 先端部を有する放電電極と、
前記放電電極の前記先端部と隙間を介して対向するように配置されている対向電極と、
前記放電電極と前記対向電極との間に電圧を印加することにより前記放電電極と前記対向電極との間に放電を生じさせる電圧印加装置と、
を備え、
前記放電電極は前記対向電極に向かって突出しており、
前記対向電極は、前記放電電極の前記先端部との間で前記放電が生じる放電部を有し、
前記放電部は、前記放電電極の前記先端部を中心とする円周に沿って延びている、
放電装置。 - 前記放電部は、前記放電電極の前記先端部と前記対向電極との距離が最短となる線を含む部分である、
請求項1に記載の放電装置。 - 前記放電部は、前記放電電極の前記先端部を中心とする前記円周に沿った円環状に形成されている、
請求項1又は2に記載の放電装置。 - 前記放電部は、曲面を有している、
請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の放電装置。 - 前記放電部が有する前記曲面の曲率半径は、前記放電電極の前記先端部の曲率半径より大きい、
請求項4に記載の放電装置。 - 前記対向電極は、前記放電電極が突出する向きに沿って延びている筒部を更に有し、
前記筒部は、前記突出する向きに沿って並んでいる第1開口部及び第2開口部を有し、
前記第1開口部は、前記第2開口部より前記放電電極の近くに形成されており、
前記放電部は、前記第1開口部の縁に形成されている、
請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載の放電装置。 - 前記筒部は、前記筒部の内周において前記第1開口部及び前記第2開口部の間に形成されている少なくとも1つの円環状の段差部を更に有し、
前記放電部は、複数の放電部の1つであって、
前記複数の放電部のうちの少なくとも1つの放電部は、前記少なくとも1つの前記段差部に形成されている、
請求項6に記載の放電装置。 - 前記第1開口部の前記縁は、前記放電電極の前記先端部と前記対向電極との距離が最短となる線を含む部分であり、
前記第2開口部の開口径は、前記第1開口部の開口径より小さい、
請求項6又は7に記載の放電装置。 - 前記放電電極の前記先端部は液体を保持し、
前記液体は、前記放電によって静電霧化される、
請求項1から8のいずれか1項に記載の放電装置。 - 前記放電電極に前記液体を供給する液体供給部、を更に備える、
請求項9に記載の放電装置。 - 前記放電電極の先端部と前記対向電極の放電部との間の放電経路は、放電電極の先端部と放電部420とが形成する仮想の直円錐の母線に沿って形成される、
請求項1から10のいずれか1項に記載の放電装置。
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JP2009216286A (ja) * | 2008-03-10 | 2009-09-24 | Panasonic Corp | 空気調和機 |
WO2010021332A1 (ja) * | 2008-08-19 | 2010-02-25 | パナソニック電工株式会社 | 静電霧化装置 |
JP2018022574A (ja) | 2016-08-01 | 2018-02-08 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 放電装置およびこれの製造方法 |
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JP2009216286A (ja) * | 2008-03-10 | 2009-09-24 | Panasonic Corp | 空気調和機 |
WO2010021332A1 (ja) * | 2008-08-19 | 2010-02-25 | パナソニック電工株式会社 | 静電霧化装置 |
JP2018022574A (ja) | 2016-08-01 | 2018-02-08 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 放電装置およびこれの製造方法 |
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