WO2023007885A1 - 放電装置 - Google Patents
放電装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023007885A1 WO2023007885A1 PCT/JP2022/018466 JP2022018466W WO2023007885A1 WO 2023007885 A1 WO2023007885 A1 WO 2023007885A1 JP 2022018466 W JP2022018466 W JP 2022018466W WO 2023007885 A1 WO2023007885 A1 WO 2023007885A1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
- B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
- B05B5/057—Arrangements for discharging liquids or other fluent material without using a gun or nozzle
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T19/00—Devices providing for corona discharge
- H01T19/04—Devices providing for corona discharge having pointed electrodes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
- B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
- B05B5/0255—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns spraying and depositing by electrostatic forces only
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
- B05B5/08—Plant for applying liquids or other fluent materials to objects
- B05B5/10—Arrangements for supplying power, e.g. charging power
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T23/00—Apparatus for generating ions to be introduced into non-enclosed gases, e.g. into the atmosphere
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a discharge device.
- a voltage application circuit causes a discharge to occur in the discharge electrode by applying a voltage to a load including a discharge electrode holding liquid.
- the voltage application circuit mechanically vibrates the liquid by periodically varying the magnitude of the voltage applied to the load at a drive frequency within a predetermined range including the resonance frequency of the liquid. Then, the liquid held by the discharge electrode is electrostatically atomized by the discharge. As a result, charged particulate liquid containing radicals is generated.
- the discharge device In the discharge device, a discharge sound is generated when the discharge electrode discharges. Therefore, the discharge device is required to reduce the discharge noise.
- An object of the present disclosure is to provide a discharge device capable of reducing discharge noise.
- a discharge device includes a voltage application circuit that applies an output voltage to a load that includes a discharge electrode that retains liquid, thereby generating discharge in the discharge electrode.
- the voltage application circuit has a function of varying the magnitude of the output voltage, and a discharge cycle, which is a cycle of varying the magnitude of the output voltage, to any one of a plurality of cycles having different lengths over time. and a function to switch with.
- the present disclosure has the effect of being able to reduce discharge noise.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a discharge device according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 2A is a schematic diagram showing a state in which a liquid held by a discharge electrode is stretched in the same discharge device.
- FIG. 2B is a schematic diagram showing a state in which the liquid held by the discharge electrode is shrunk in the same discharge device.
- FIG. 3A is a perspective view showing a specific example of a discharge electrode and a counter electrode in the same discharge device.
- FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view taken along line X1-X1 of FIG. 3A.
- FIG. 4 is a side view showing the tip shape of the discharge electrode of the same.
- FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram showing an example of the same discharge device.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a discharge device according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 2A is a schematic diagram showing a state in which a liquid held by a discharge electrode is stretched in the same discharge device.
- FIG. 2B is a schematic diagram showing
- FIG. 6A is a graph schematically showing the output of the same discharge device.
- FIG. 6B is a graph schematically showing the output of the discharge device according to the comparative example.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the frequency characteristics of the discharge sound of the above discharge device and the discharge device according to the comparative example.
- FIG. 8 is a graph schematically showing the output of the discharge device according to the first modified example of the embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a graph simply showing the output of the discharge device according to the second modification of the embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a graph simply showing the output of the discharge device according to the third modification of the embodiment.
- Embodiments generally relate to discharge devices. More particularly, embodiments relate to discharge devices that generate discharges in liquid-retaining discharge electrodes.
- each drawing described in the following embodiments is a schematic drawing, and the ratio of the size and thickness of each component does not necessarily reflect the actual dimensional ratio.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a discharge device 10 according to this embodiment.
- a discharge device 10 includes a voltage application device 1, a load 4, and a liquid supply section 5, as shown in FIG.
- the voltage application device 1 is a device that applies a voltage Vo for generating discharge to a load 4, and has a voltage application circuit 2 and a detection circuit 3. That is, the discharge device 10 includes the voltage application circuit 2 .
- the voltage Vo is hereinafter referred to as the output voltage Vo.
- the load 4 has a discharge electrode 41 and a counter electrode 42 .
- the counter electrode 42 is an electrode arranged so as to face the discharge electrode 41 with a gap therebetween. That is, the discharge electrode 41 is arranged to face the counter electrode 42 .
- a discharge is generated between the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42 by applying the output voltage Vo between the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42 .
- the liquid supply unit 5 has the function of supplying the liquid 50 to the discharge electrode 41 .
- the discharge device 10 includes the voltage application circuit 2, the detection circuit 3, the liquid supply section 5, the discharge electrode 41, and the counter electrode 42 as components.
- the discharge device 10 only needs to include the discharge electrode 41 and the voltage application circuit 2 as minimum components. It does not have to be included in the component.
- the voltage application circuit 2 applies the output voltage Vo between the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42 while the discharge electrode 41 holds the liquid 50 .
- the state in which the discharge electrode 41 holds the liquid 50 is, for example, the state in which the liquid 50 adheres to the surface of the discharge electrode 41 . That is, the voltage application circuit 2 applies the output voltage Vo to the load 4 including the discharge electrode 41 holding the liquid 50 . Thereby, discharge occurs between the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42, and the liquid 50 held by the discharge electrode 41 is electrostatically atomized by the discharge. That is, the discharge device 10 according to this embodiment constitutes a so-called electrostatic atomizer.
- the discharge generated between the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42 electrostatically atomizes the liquid 50 held by the discharge electrode 41 .
- the liquid 50 held by the discharge electrode 41 that is, the liquid 50 to be electrostatically atomized is also simply called "liquid 50".
- the voltage application circuit 2 is electrically connected to the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42 .
- the counter electrode 42 is electrically connected to the positive electrode (plus) of the voltage application circuit 2
- the discharge electrode 41 is electrically connected to the negative electrode (ground) of the voltage application circuit 2 .
- the voltage application circuit 2 applies an output voltage Vo between the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42 .
- the voltage application circuit 2 applies the output voltage Vo to the load 4 (between the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42) to generate discharge between the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42.
- the voltage application circuit 2 intermittently causes discharge by periodically varying the magnitude of the output voltage Vo. That is, the output voltage Vo alternately repeats a period in which the output voltage Vo rises to a high voltage and a period in which the output voltage Vo falls to a low voltage, and the magnitude of the output voltage Vo periodically changes. Fluctuation causes mechanical vibration in the liquid 50 .
- the “high voltage” referred to here may be any voltage that is set so as to generate discharge in the discharge electrode 41, and is, for example, a voltage with a peak of about 7.0 kV.
- the voltage value of the output voltage Vo is not limited to about 7.0 kV. It is set accordingly.
- the “low voltage” may be any voltage set so that discharge does not occur in the discharge electrode 41, and is lower than the above-described “high voltage”, and may be any voltage greater than 0V or 0V. There may be.
- the magnitude of the output voltage Vo periodically fluctuates may be referred to as “the output voltage Vo periodically fluctuates”.
- FIG. 2A is a schematic diagram showing a state in which the liquid 50 held by the discharge electrode 41 in the discharge device 10 is stretched.
- FIG. 2B is a schematic diagram showing a state in which the liquid 50 held by the discharge electrode 41 has shrunk.
- the liquid 50 held by the discharge electrode 41 is subjected to the force due to the electric field during the period when the output voltage Vo is high, as shown in FIG. 2A. It receives and forms a conical shape called a Taylor cone. Electric discharge is generated by concentration of the electric field on the tip (apex) of the Taylor cone.
- the sharper the tip of the Taylor cone that is, the smaller the apex angle of the cone (the sharper the angle), the smaller the electric field strength required for dielectric breakdown, and the more likely discharge occurs.
- the liquid 50 held by the discharge electrode 41 assumes a substantially spherical shape due to a reduction in the force due to the electric field, as shown in FIG. 2B.
- the liquid 50 held by the discharge electrode 41 alternately deforms between the shape shown in FIG. 2A and the shape shown in FIG. 2B in accordance with the mechanical vibration. do.
- the Taylor cones as described above are formed periodically, so that the discharge is intermittently generated in accordance with the timing at which the Taylor cones as shown in FIG. 2A are formed. 2A and 2B, the liquid 50 is dot-hatched so that the tip 411 and the liquid 50 can be easily distinguished.
- the discharge device 10 generates radicals by causing discharge between the discharge electrode 41 of the load 4 and the counter electrode 42, and electrostatically atomizes the liquid 50 held by the discharge electrode 41. do.
- the discharge device 10 generates nanometer-sized charged fine particle liquid (charged fine particle water) containing radicals in fine droplets of the electrostatically atomized liquid 50 .
- the discharge device 10 functions as a charged particulate liquid generation device.
- Radicals are the basis for producing useful effects in various situations, not limited to sterilization, deodorization, moisturizing, freshness preservation, and virus inactivation.
- radicals, charged microparticle liquid, and the like may be collectively referred to as active ingredients. Active ingredients also include air ions, which will be described later.
- the discharge device 10 described above can extend the life of the radicals as compared to the case where the radicals are released into the air by themselves. Furthermore, since the charged microparticle liquid is, for example, nanometer-sized, the charged microparticle liquid can be suspended over a relatively wide range.
- the voltage application circuit 2 has a function of periodically varying the magnitude of the output voltage Vo applied to the load 4 and a period of varying the magnitude of the output voltage Vo.
- the discharge cycle is configured to be switchable over time to one of a plurality of cycles each having a different length. That is, the discharge device 10 has a function of switching the discharge cycle over time, thereby generating discharge in a plurality of cycles with different lengths. As a result, the discharge device 10 can reduce the discharge noise compared to when the discharge cycle is set to a single cycle.
- FIG. 3A is a perspective view showing a specific example of the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42 in the discharge device 10 according to this embodiment.
- FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view taken along line X1-X1 of FIG. 3A.
- FIG. 4 is a side view showing the tip shape of the discharge electrode 41. As shown in FIG.
- a discharge device 10 includes a voltage application device 1, a load 4, and a liquid supply section 5, as shown in FIG.
- the voltage application device 1 has a voltage application circuit 2 and a detection circuit 3 .
- the load 4 has a discharge electrode 41 and a counter electrode 42 .
- Liquid supply unit 5 supplies liquid 50 to discharge electrode 41 .
- Electrode As shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42 are held in an electrically insulating synthetic resin housing 40 .
- the discharge electrode 41 is a rod-shaped electrode.
- the discharge electrode 41 includes a shaft portion 41a and a base end portion 41b.
- the shaft portion 41a is formed in a bar shape with a circular cross section, and has a tip portion 411 at a first end in the longitudinal direction of the shaft portion 41a.
- a base end portion 41b having a flat plate shape is formed continuously and integrally with the second end portion (the end portion on the side opposite to the tip portion 411) of the shaft portion 41a in the longitudinal direction.
- the tip portion 411 has a tapered shape in which the cross-sectional area becomes smaller as it approaches the tip of the shaft portion 41a.
- the discharge electrode 41 is a needle electrode having a tapered tip portion 411 .
- the term “tapered shape” as used herein is not limited to a shape with a sharply pointed tip, but includes a shape with a rounded tip as shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B.
- the shape of the tip portion 411 of the discharge electrode 41 will be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 4, the liquid 50 is hatched in dots so that the tip 411 and the liquid 50 can be easily distinguished.
- the shape of the tip portion 411 of the discharge electrode 41 is, for example, a shape including a conical portion.
- the shape of the portion of the distal end portion 411 that faces the counter electrode 42 (here, the shape of the distal end of the conical portion) is, for example, an R shape. That is, the shape of the portion of the distal end portion 411 opposite to the base end portion 41b side (see FIG. 3B) is an R shape.
- the term “R shape” as used in the present disclosure may include that the surface of a certain member is rounded (has roundness).
- the distal end surface of the distal end portion 411 of this embodiment includes a curved surface having convex roundness.
- the tip surface of the discharge electrode 41 of the present embodiment has a cross-sectional shape including the central axis of the discharge electrode 41 that is formed in an arc shape that is continuously connected from the side surface of the tip portion 411 and does not include corners. That is, the entire tip surface of the discharge electrode 41 is a curved surface (curved surface).
- the tip 411 has a hemispherical shape (or a substantially hemispherical shape).
- the distal end portion 411 has a first portion 4111 and a second portion 4112 .
- the first portion 4111 is a portion closer to the base end portion 41 b than the second portion 4112 in the distal end portion 411 , and has a flat columnar shape in the axial direction of the discharge electrode 41 .
- the second portion 4112 is a portion of the tip portion 411 farther from the base end portion 41b than the first portion 4111 and has a conical shape.
- the tip portion 411 has a first portion 4111 corresponding to a cylindrical portion and a second portion 4112 corresponding to a conical portion.
- the liquid 50 held by the discharge electrode 41 is subjected to the force of the electric field to form a cone called Taylor cone, as shown in FIG. form a shape.
- the shape of the Taylor cone is conical along the conical portion of the tip portion 411 of the discharge electrode 41, as shown in FIG.
- a second portion 4112 of the tip portion 411 of the discharge electrode 41 enters the Taylor cone-shaped liquid 50 . That is, in the discharge device 10 according to the present embodiment, the second portion 4112 constitutes a part of the distal end portion 411 entering the Taylor cone-shaped liquid 50 .
- the counter electrode 42 is arranged so as to face the distal end portion 411 of the discharge electrode 41, as shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B.
- the counter electrode 42 has, for example, a flat support portion 422 , and a first recess 421 is provided substantially in the center of the support portion 422 .
- the first recessed portion 421 is formed in a truncated cone shape by recessing substantially the center of the support portion 422 toward the discharge electrode 41 side.
- a projecting base portion 423 is integrally formed in the central portion of the bottom wall 4211 of the first recess portion 421 .
- the projecting base portion 423 is formed in a truncated cone shape (dome shape) by projecting a portion of the bottom wall 4211 of the first recess portion 421 to the side opposite to the discharge electrode 41 side.
- the second concave portion 424 in the shape of a truncated cone is formed in the bottom wall 4211 .
- the direction in which the first recessed portion 421 is recessed (the direction in which the first recessed portion 421 is recessed) and the direction in which the projecting base portion 423 protrudes (the direction in which the second recessed portion 424 is recessed) are opposite directions.
- a circular opening 4232 is formed in the central portion of the ceiling wall 4231 of the projecting base portion 423 (bottom wall 4231 of the second recess 424). The opening 4232 penetrates the ceiling wall 4231 in the thickness direction of the ceiling wall 4231 .
- the above-described counter electrode 42 includes a truncated cone-shaped first recess 421 that is recessed toward the discharge electrode 41 and a truncated cone-shaped protrusion that protrudes away from the discharge electrode 41 at the bottom surface 4211 of the first recess 421. and an opening 4232 formed in a ceiling wall 4231 of the projecting base portion 423 .
- the thickness direction of the counter electrode 42 matches the longitudinal direction of the discharge electrode 41 .
- the tip portion 411 of the discharge electrode 41 is positioned near the center of the opening 4232 of the counter electrode 42.
- the distal end portion 411 of the discharge electrode 41 is positioned outside the second recessed portion 424 of the counter electrode 42, and is positioned closer to the base end portion 41b of the discharge electrode 41 than the bottom wall 4211 of the first recessed portion 421.
- a gap space
- the counter electrode 42 is arranged to face the discharge electrode 41 with a gap therebetween and is spatially separated from the discharge electrode 41 .
- the projecting base portion 423 (second recessed portion 424) of the counter electrode 42 described above faces the discharge electrode 41, and is formed so as to be axially symmetrical with respect to the shaft portion 41a of the discharge electrode 41 in plan view. It is
- the peripheral edge of the opening 4241 of the second recess 424 (the peripheral edge of the opening 4241 facing the opening 4232 in the protruding portion 423) is an annular edge forming the boundary portion between the bottom wall 4211 and the protruding portion 423. 425.
- the tip portion 411 of the discharge electrode 41 is positioned at the center of the annular edge portion 425 . That is, the distance W1 (see FIG. 3B) between the annular edge 425 and the tip 411 is equal over the entire circumference of the edge 425 .
- the liquid supply unit 5 supplies the liquid 50 for electrostatic atomization to the discharge electrode 41 .
- the liquid supply unit 5 is implemented, as an example, using a cooling device 51 shown in FIG. 3B.
- the cooling device 51 cools the discharge electrode 41 to generate condensed water as the liquid 50 on the discharge electrode 41 .
- the cooling device 51 includes a pair of Peltier elements 511 and a pair of radiator plates 512 .
- a pair of Peltier elements 511 are held by a pair of radiator plates 512 .
- the cooling device 51 cools the discharge electrode 41 by energizing the pair of Peltier elements 511 .
- the pair of heat sinks 512 are held in the housing 40 by partially embedding each of the pair of heat sinks 512 in the housing 40 . At least a portion of the pair of heat sinks 512 that holds the Peltier element 511 is exposed from the housing 40 .
- the pair of Peltier elements 511 are mechanically and electrically connected to the base end portion 41b of the discharge electrode 41, for example, by soldering. Also, the pair of Peltier elements 511 are mechanically and electrically connected to the pair of radiator plates 512 by soldering, for example. The pair of Peltier elements 511 is energized through the pair of radiator plates 512 and the discharge electrodes 41 . Therefore, the cooling device 51 that constitutes the liquid supply portion 5 cools the entire discharge electrode 41 through the base end portion 41b. As a result, moisture in the air condenses and adheres to the surface of the discharge electrode 41 as condensed water. This condensed water is retained on the discharge electrode 41 as the liquid 50 .
- the liquid supply unit 5 is configured to cool the discharge electrode 41 and generate condensed water as the liquid 50 on the surface of the discharge electrode 41 .
- the liquid supply unit 5 can supply the liquid 50 (condensed water) to the discharge electrode 41 using the moisture in the air, so it is unnecessary to supply and replenish the liquid to the discharge device 10 .
- the voltage application circuit 2 has a drive circuit 21 and a voltage generation circuit 22, as shown in FIG.
- the drive circuit 21 is a circuit that drives the voltage generation circuit 22 .
- the voltage generation circuit 22 is a circuit that receives power supply from the power supply unit 6 and generates an output voltage Vo that is a voltage to be applied to the load 4 .
- the power supply unit 6 is, for example, a power supply circuit that generates a DC voltage of several volts to several tens of volts. Although the power supply unit 6 is not included in the voltage application device 1 in this embodiment, the power supply unit 6 may be included in the voltage application device 1 .
- the voltage application circuit 2 periodically boosts the input voltage Vin from the power supply unit 6 to generate the output voltage Vo, and applies the output voltage Vo to the load 4 .
- the voltage application circuit 2 is electrically connected to the load 4 (discharge electrode 41 and counter electrode 42).
- a voltage application circuit 2 applies a periodically varying output voltage Vo to a load 4 .
- the voltage application circuit 2 is configured to apply an output voltage Vo between the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42 with the discharge electrode 41 as the negative electrode (ground) and the counter electrode 42 as the positive electrode (plus).
- a potential difference is generated between the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42 such that the counter electrode 42 side has a high potential and the discharge electrode 41 side has a low potential.
- the voltage application circuit 2 operates in at least one of the first mode and the second mode.
- the first mode is a mode for increasing the output voltage Vo with the lapse of time, causing dielectric breakdown, starting discharge, and generating an output current Io (discharge current).
- the second mode is for interrupting the output current Io to terminate the discharge. That is, the voltage application circuit 2 has a first mode and a second mode as operation modes. Specifically, the drive circuit 21 drives the voltage generation circuit 22 in either the first mode or the second mode.
- the detection circuit 3 detects the magnitude of the output voltage Vo and the output current Io.
- the voltage application circuit 2 alternately repeats the first mode and the second mode as operation modes based on the detection result of the detection circuit 3 during the driving period in which the voltage application device 1 is driven.
- the magnitude of the electrical energy acting on the liquid 50 held by the discharge electrode 41 periodically fluctuates, and as a result, the liquid 50 held by the discharge electrode 41 changes the output voltage Vo. It vibrates mechanically at a fluctuating cycle.
- the voltage application circuit 2 operates based on the object monitored by the detection circuit 3 .
- the “monitored object” here is the output current Io and the output voltage Vo of the voltage applying circuit 2 .
- the “monitored object” may be at least one of the output current Io and the output voltage Vo of the voltage applying circuit 2 .
- the detection circuit 3 has a voltage detection circuit 31 and a current detection circuit 32, as shown in FIG.
- the voltage detection circuit 31 monitors the output voltage Vo of the voltage application circuit 2 and detects the magnitude (voltage value) of the output voltage Vo.
- the voltage detection circuit 31 then outputs a voltage detection signal Si1 including data on the magnitude of the output voltage Vo to the drive circuit 21 of the voltage application circuit 2 .
- the current detection circuit 32 monitors the output current Io of the voltage application circuit 2 and detects the magnitude (current value) of the output current Io.
- the current detection circuit 32 then outputs a current detection signal Si ⁇ b>2 containing data on the magnitude of the output current Io to the drive circuit 21 of the voltage application circuit 2 .
- the drive circuit 21 drives the voltage generation circuit 22 based on the voltage detection signal Si1 and the current detection signal Si2 to control the output voltage Vo. That is, the detection circuit 3 monitors both the output current Io and the output voltage Vo of the voltage application circuit 2 . Further, the detection circuit 3 may monitor one of the output current Io and the output voltage Vo of the voltage application circuit 2 .
- the voltage detection circuit 31 detects the input voltage The output voltage Vo may be detected indirectly from Vin.
- the current detection circuit 32 detects the input current , the output current Io may be detected indirectly.
- the voltage application circuit 2 is configured to operate in the first mode when the size of the monitored object is less than the threshold, and to operate in the second mode when the size of the monitored object exceeds the threshold.
- the voltage application circuit 2 operates in the first mode and the output voltage Vo rises with the lapse of time, corona discharge starts due to local dielectric breakdown in the discharge electrode 41, generating an output current Io.
- the voltage application circuit 2 operates in the second mode, the output voltage Vo drops, the potential difference between the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42 drops, and the output current Io is blocked. That is, after the load 4 is discharged, the voltage application circuit 2 reduces the output voltage Vo to extinguish (extinguish) the output current Io. Then, the voltage application circuit 2 operates again in the first mode and repeats the above operation.
- the voltage application circuit 2 may switch the operation mode from the first mode to the second mode after a certain period of time has passed since the load 4 was discharged.
- the voltage applying circuit 2 operates in the first mode when the output voltage Vo is less than the voltage threshold Vs1 (see FIG. 6A) and the output current Io is less than the current threshold Is1 (see FIG. 6A). , to increase the output voltage Vo over time.
- the voltage application circuit 2 switches the operation mode from the first mode to the second mode to discharge. let it end. Note that in FIG. 6A, the voltage application circuit 2 switches the operation mode from the first mode to the second mode when a certain period of time has elapsed after the output current Io became equal to or greater than the current threshold value Is1.
- the voltage applying circuit 2 operates so as to alternately repeat the first mode and the second mode during the drive period, and the magnitude of the output voltage Vo applied between the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42 is controlled by Vary periodically.
- the voltage application circuit 2 first sets the operation mode to the first mode, and causes a local corona discharge to occur at the tip 411 of the discharge electrode 41 holding the liquid 50 .
- the voltage application circuit 2 sets the operation mode to the second mode and terminates the discharge. As a result, discharge is intermittently repeated in the discharge electrode 41 .
- FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram schematically showing an example of the circuit configuration of discharge device 10. As shown in FIG. 5, illustration of the power supply unit 6 is omitted.
- the voltage application circuit 2 has the drive circuit 21 and the voltage generation circuit 22 as described above.
- the voltage application circuit 2 is an insulated DC/DC converter and has a booster circuit B1.
- the booster circuit B1 periodically boosts a DC input voltage Vin (for example, 13.8 V) from the power supply unit 6 and outputs it as an output voltage Vo.
- the voltage generation circuit 22 functions as the booster circuit B1.
- the output voltage Vo is applied to the load 4 (discharge electrode 41 and counter electrode 42) as an applied voltage. That is, the voltage application circuit 2 applies the periodically fluctuating output voltage Vo to the load 4 , thereby causing the discharge electrode 41 to periodically generate a discharge.
- the voltage generation circuit 22 (booster circuit B1) has an isolation transformer 220.
- the isolation transformer 220 has a primary winding 221 , a secondary winding 222 and an auxiliary winding 223 .
- Primary winding 221 and auxiliary winding 223 are electrically insulated and magnetically coupled to secondary winding 222 .
- a counter electrode 42 is electrically connected to a first end of the secondary winding 222 . That is, the booster circuit B1 boosts the input voltage Vin input to the primary side (primary winding 221 side) and outputs it from the secondary side (secondary winding 222 side) electrically connected to the load 4.
- the drive circuit 21 has a transistor Q1 and is configured to supply power to the primary winding 221 of the isolation transformer 220 by the switching operation of the transistor Q1.
- the drive circuit 21 has a microcomputer MC1 that drives the transistor Q1 in addition to the transistor Q1.
- the transistor Q1 is, for example, an npn-type bipolar transistor.
- the collector of transistor Q1 is connected to primary winding 221, and the emitter of transistor Q1 is connected to ground.
- An input voltage Vin is applied from the power supply unit 6 to the series circuit of the primary winding 221 and the transistor Q1.
- the base of transistor Q1 is connected to the output port of microcomputer MC1 through resistor R1.
- a control power supply generates a control voltage Vcc (eg, 5V).
- a control voltage Vcc is applied to the drive circuit 21 .
- the voltage application circuit 2 constitutes a separately-excited converter. That is, the transistor Q1 is repeatedly turned on and off by the microcomputer MC1, and a pulse-like voltage is generated in the primary winding 221. FIG. Thereby, a high voltage is induced in the secondary winding 222 of the isolation transformer 220 , and the high voltage induced in the secondary winding 222 is applied to the load 4 via the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42 . Through these operations, the voltage application circuit 2 periodically boosts the input voltage Vin to generate the output voltage Vo, and applies the output voltage Vo to the load 4 .
- the detection circuit 3 has a voltage detection circuit 31 and a current detection circuit 32 shown in FIG.
- the voltage detection circuit 31 has a diode D11, resistors R11-R13, and a capacitor C11.
- the anode of diode D11 is connected to the first end of auxiliary winding 223 .
- a second end of the auxiliary winding 223 is connected to the ground.
- the cathode of diode D11 is connected to the first end of capacitor C11 via resistor R11.
- a second end of the capacitor C11 is connected to ground.
- the first end of the capacitor C11 is connected to the input port of the microcomputer MC1 via the resistor R12 and grounded via the series circuit of the resistors R12 and R13.
- the voltage detection circuit 31 indirectly monitors the output voltage Vo (induced voltage of the secondary winding 222) of the voltage application circuit 2 to be monitored by monitoring the induced voltage of the auxiliary winding 223. do. Specifically, the capacitor C11 is charged by the induced voltage of the auxiliary winding 223 via the diode D11 and the resistor R11. The voltage of the capacitor C11 divided by the resistors R12 and R13 is input to the input port of the microcomputer MC1 as the voltage detection signal Si1. When the output voltage Vo increases, the voltage detection signal Si1 increases, and when the output voltage Vo decreases, the voltage detection signal Si1 decreases.
- the current detection circuit 32 has resistors R21 and R22 and capacitors C21 and C22.
- a control voltage Vcc is applied to the first end of the resistor R21, and the first end of the capacitor C21 is connected to the second end of the resistor R21.
- a second end of the capacitor C21 is connected to ground.
- a connection point between the resistor R21 and the capacitor C21 is connected to the second end of the secondary winding 222 of the isolation transformer 220 .
- the second end of secondary winding 222 is the end opposite the first end of secondary winding 222 to which counter electrode 42 is connected. That is, the control voltage Vcc is applied to the counter electrode 42 via the resistor R21 and the secondary winding 222.
- a second end of the secondary winding 222 is grounded through a series circuit of a resistor R22 and a capacitor C22.
- the voltage of the capacitor C22 is input to the input port of the microcomputer MC1 as the current detection signal Si2.
- the current detection signal Si2 increases, and as the output current Io decreases, the current detection signal Si2 decreases.
- the microcomputer MC1 monitors the output voltage Vo based on the voltage detection signal Si1, and monitors the output current Io based on the current detection signal Si2. Then, if the output voltage Vo is less than the voltage threshold (see Vs1 in FIG. 6A) and the output current Io is less than the current threshold (see Is1 in FIG. 6A), the microcomputer MC1 sets the operation mode to the first mode, It drives the transistor Q1 on and off. When the output current Io exceeds the current threshold during operation in the first mode, the microcomputer MC1 sets the operation mode to the second mode, stops the on/off driving of the transistor Q1, and turns off the transistor Q1. keep in condition. Note that in FIG.
- the operation mode is set to the second mode when a certain period of time has passed after the output current Io becomes equal to or greater than the current threshold value Is1, the ON/OFF drive of the transistor Q1 is stopped, and the transistor Q1 is turned off. maintained to Further, when the output voltage Vo becomes equal to or higher than the voltage threshold value (see Vs1 in FIG. 6A) while operating in the first mode, the microcomputer MC1 switches the operation mode to the second mode after a lapse of a predetermined period of time. is stopped, and the transistor Q1 is kept off.
- FIG. 6A shows discharge control by the voltage applying circuit 2 of this embodiment.
- FIG. 6A shows the waveform of the output voltage Vo and the waveform of the output current Io.
- the horizontal axis indicates time
- the left vertical axis indicates voltage
- the right vertical axis indicates current.
- a discharge is periodically generated between the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42 .
- discharge occurs between the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42 due to the potential difference between the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42 .
- the discharge generated between the discharge electrode 41 of the load 4 and the counter electrode 42 generates radicals and electrostatically atomizes the liquid 50 held by the discharge electrode 41 .
- the discharge device 10 generates a nanometer-sized charged fine particle liquid containing radicals in the fine droplets of the electrostatically atomized liquid 50 .
- the generated charged fine particle liquid is discharged around the discharge device 10 through the opening 4232 of the counter electrode 42, for example.
- the voltage application circuit 2 in each discharge cycle, the voltage application circuit 2 first operates in the first mode to change the output voltage Vo from the minimum value Vo2 to the maximum value Vo1. increase up to Then, when the output voltage Vo reaches the maximum value Vo1, the voltage applying circuit 2 maintains the output voltage Vo at the maximum value Vo1. At this time, when the output voltage Vo increases from the minimum value Vo2, local dielectric breakdown occurs at the tip of the liquid 50 held by the discharge electrode 41, and minute discharge due to corona discharge begins. After that, the output voltage Vo further increases and reaches the maximum value Vo1, and the output current Io flows.
- the voltage application circuit 2 switches the operation mode from the first mode to the second mode to reduce the output voltage Vo. to stop the discharge.
- the operation mode is switched from the first mode to the second mode when a certain period of time has elapsed after the output current Io becomes equal to or greater than the current threshold value Is1, and the output voltage Vo is reduced, thereby preventing discharge. I am stopping it. That is, the waveform of the output voltage Vo is trapezoidal.
- the voltage application circuit 2 changes the operation mode to the second mode after a predetermined time has passed, and changes the operation mode from the first mode. Discharge is stopped by switching to the second mode and lowering the output voltage Vo.
- the output voltage Vo alternates between the maximum value Vo1 and the minimum value Vo2, and periodically fluctuates with the discharge cycle. That is, the magnitude of the output voltage Vo fluctuates within a range exceeding 0 V during the driving period.
- the maximum value Vo1 of the output voltage Vo corresponds to the discharge voltage that causes discharge.
- the minimum value Vo2 of the output voltage Vo is higher than 0V and lower than the maximum value Vo1.
- the maximum value Vo1 is, for example, about 7.0 kV.
- the minimum value Vo2 may be any voltage that is set so that discharge does not occur in the discharge electrode 41, and is higher than 0 V and lower than the maximum value Vo1.
- the voltage application circuit 2 switches the discharge cycle, which is the cycle for varying the output voltage Vo, to either the first cycle T1 or the second cycle T2 over time. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 6A, the voltage application circuit 2 alternately switches the discharge cycle between the first cycle T1 and the second cycle T2 for each discharge cycle.
- the voltage application circuit 2 varies the magnitude of the output voltage Vo during the first period T1, and varies the magnitude of the output voltage Vo during the second period T2 following the first period T1.
- the first period T1 and the second period T2 are discharge periods having different lengths. For example, the first period T1 is 2.2 msec (frequency 455 Hz), and the second period T2 is 1.8 msec (frequency 555 Hz).
- a first period T1 and a second period T2 are programmed to be alternately repeated.
- the voltage applying circuit 2 (more specifically, the microcomputer MC1) alternately switches between the first period T1 and the second period T2 by executing this program. That is, the voltage application circuit 2 uses two periods, the first period T1 and the second period T2, as the discharge period.
- the first period T1 and the second period T2 as the discharge period are set to be close to the resonance period of the liquid 50 held by the discharge electrode 41 .
- the resonance period of the liquid 50 is the period at which the amplitude of vibration of the liquid 50 caused by the fluctuation of the output voltage Vo is maximized.
- the resonance period of the liquid 50 depends on the volume (amount) of the liquid 50 and is expressed as [1/a ⁇ V ⁇ 0.5].
- V is the volume of the liquid 50 held on the discharge electrode 41 .
- a is a proportionality coefficient that depends on the surface tension, viscosity, etc. of the liquid 50 held by the discharge electrode 41 .
- the volume of the Taylor cone is 0.0917 mm 3 and the volume of the second portion 4112 of the tip portion 411 is 0.0650 mm 3
- the volume of the liquid 50 forming the Taylor cone is 0.076 ⁇ L.
- 50 has a resonance period of 0.33 msec.
- the volume of the liquid 50 forming the Taylor cone is 0.46 ⁇ L
- the resonance period of the liquid 50 is 2 ms.
- the magnitude of the electrical energy acting on the liquid 50 held by the discharge electrode 41 can be increased. , fluctuates periodically.
- liquid 50 mechanically vibrates at the discharge cycle.
- the discharge cycle is set to the resonance cycle (reciprocal of the resonance frequency) of the liquid 50 or in the vicinity of the resonance cycle, the amplitude of the mechanical vibration of the liquid 50 accompanying the variation in the magnitude of the output voltage Vo is , becomes relatively large.
- the tip of the Taylor cone-shaped liquid 50 becomes sharper, making it easier to discharge.
- discharge noise is generated due to mechanical vibration of the liquid 50 .
- the greater the amplitude of the vibration of the liquid 50 the greater the sound pressure of the discharge sound. If the energy acting on the liquid 50 is suppressed, the discharge noise will be reduced, but the amount of active ingredients such as radicals and charged fine particle liquid generated by the discharge device 10 will also be reduced. Therefore, it is required to reduce the discharge noise while suppressing the decrease in the amount of the active ingredient produced.
- the voltage application circuit 2 of the discharge device 10 changes the discharge cycle, which is the cycle for varying the output voltage Vo, to either the first cycle T1 or the second cycle T2 as time elapses. to switch.
- the voltage application circuit 2 uses two cycles, a first cycle T1 and a second cycle T2, as the discharge cycle, and changes the discharge cycle from T1 ⁇ T2 ⁇ T1 ⁇ T2 ⁇ T1 ⁇ T2 ⁇ T1 ⁇ T2 ⁇ for each cycle of the discharge cycle. . . . alternately. Therefore, the discharge sound of the discharge device 10 mainly includes the sound component of the first period T1 and the sound component of the second period T2.
- the average of the first period T1 and the second period T2 is preferably included in a predetermined range including the resonance period of the liquid 50.
- the predetermined range including the resonance period of the liquid 50 may be a range in which a sufficient amount of the active ingredient generated by the discharge device 10 can be secured.
- the amount of active ingredients generated by the discharge device 10 can be made substantially the same as the amount of active ingredients generated in the comparative example shown in FIG. 6B, which will be described later. .
- the first period T1 is set to 2.2 msec (frequency of 455 Hz) and the second period T2 is set to 1.8 msec (frequency of 555 Hz) with respect to the resonance period of the liquid 50 of 2 msec (frequency of 500 Hz). That is, the average of the first period T1 and the second period T2 is equal to the resonance period of the liquid 50.
- FIG. As the average of the first period T1 and the second period T2 is closer to the resonance period of the liquid 50, the amount of active ingredient generated by the discharge device 10 can be increased.
- FIG. 6B shows the discharge form of the comparative example.
- FIG. 6B is a graph schematically showing the output of the discharge device according to the comparative example.
- the cycle T11 is set to the resonance cycle of the liquid 50 of 2 msec (frequency of 500 Hz). Therefore, the discharge sound of the discharge device 10 mainly contains the sound component of the period T11.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the frequency characteristics of the discharge sound of the discharge device 10 according to the present embodiment and the discharge device according to the comparative example.
- FIG. 7 is a graph in which the horizontal axis is the frequency and the vertical axis is the sound pressure (magnitude) of the discharge sound, showing characteristics Y1 and Y11.
- a characteristic Y1 is a frequency characteristic of the discharge sound emitted by the discharge device 10 operating in the discharge mode of FIG. 6A.
- a characteristic Y11 is the frequency characteristic of the discharge sound emitted by the comparative example operating in the discharge mode of FIG. 6B.
- the sound pressure reaches the maximum value (peak value) P1 at a frequency of 500 Hz (period of 2 msec) corresponding to the average of the first period T1 and the second period T2.
- the sound pressure reaches a maximum value (peak value) P11 at a frequency of 500 Hz (a cycle of 2 msec) corresponding to the cycle T11.
- the maximum value P1 of the sound pressure of the characteristic Y1 is smaller than the maximum value P11 of the sound pressure of the characteristic Y11, and the discharge sound of the discharge device 10 is smaller than the discharge sound of the comparative example.
- the maximum value P1 of the sound pressure of the characteristic Y1 is reduced by approximately 4 to 5 dB (approximately 40% reduction) from the maximum value P11 of the sound pressure of the characteristic Y11. That is, discharge device 10 can reduce the discharge noise compared to the comparative example.
- each of the first period T1 and the second period T2 is selected from the vicinity of the resonance period of the liquid 50 held by the discharge electrode 41, and the amount of active ingredient generated by the discharge device 10 is compared. It can be about the same amount of active ingredient that the examples produce. However, if the first period T1 is 0.5 msec and the second period T2 is 3.5 msec, the average of the first period T1 and the second period T2 is 2 msec, which is the same as the resonance period. The amounts of ingredients are greatly reduced compared to the comparative examples. This is because each of the first period T1 and the second period T2 is too far from the resonance period.
- each of the first period T1 and the second period T2 is not too far from the resonance period. That is, it is preferable that the first period T1 and the second period T2 as the discharge period are set so as to be close to the resonance period.
- each of the first period T1 and the second period T2 is equal to or less than a first value that is a value obtained by adding a half value of the resonance period to the resonance period, and a second value that is a value obtained by subtracting half the value from the resonance period.
- the resonance period is 2 msec
- the half value of the resonance period is 1 msec.
- the voltage application circuit 2 switches the discharge cycle to one of a plurality of cycles each time the discharge cycle is repeated a predetermined number of times.
- the voltage application circuit 2 alternately sets the discharge cycle between the first cycle T1 and the second cycle T2, T1 ⁇ T2 ⁇ T1 ⁇ T1 ⁇ T2 ⁇ T1 ⁇ T1 ⁇ T1 ⁇ T1. It is switched from T2 to T1 to . . .
- the voltage application circuit 2 may alternately switch the discharge cycle between the first cycle T1 and the second cycle T2 every multiple cycles of the discharge cycle (every multiple discharge cycles). For example, as shown in FIG. 8, the voltage application circuit 2 alternately sets the discharge cycle between the first cycle T1 and the second cycle T2 every two cycles of the discharge cycle (every two discharge cycles). ->T2->T2->T1->T1->T2->T2->.
- the voltage application circuit 2 may switch the discharge cycle to any one of three or more cycles as time elapses.
- the voltage applying circuit 2 sets the discharge period to the first period T1, the second period T2, and the second period T2, as shown in FIG. You may switch in order of T1->T2->T3->T1->T2->T3->... in order of 3rd period T3.
- the voltage application circuit 2 may switch the discharge cycle in the order of the first cycle T1, the second cycle T2, and the third cycle T3 every multiple cycles of the discharge cycle.
- the voltage application circuit 2 may switch the discharge cycle as T1 ⁇ T1 ⁇ T2 ⁇ T2 ⁇ T3 ⁇ T3 ⁇ T1 . . . every two discharge cycles.
- the average of the first period T1, the second period T2, and the third period T3 is preferably equal to the resonance period of the liquid 50.
- each of the first period T1, the second period T2, and the third period T3 is equal to or less than a first value which is a value obtained by adding half the value of the resonance period to the resonance period, and is a value obtained by subtracting half the value from the resonance period. It is preferably greater than or equal to a certain second value. For example, if the resonance period is 2 msec, each of the first period T1, the second period T2, and the third period T3 is selected from the range of 1 msec or more and 3 msec or less.
- the voltage application circuit 2 may randomly switch the discharge cycle to one of the first cycle T1, the second cycle T2, and the third cycle T3 for each cycle of the discharge cycle.
- the voltage application circuit 2 has a random number generator (random number generation function). The voltage application circuit 2 sets the period corresponding to the random number generated by the random number generator among the first period T1, the second period T2, and the third period T3 as the next discharge period.
- the average of the first period T1, the second period T2, and the third period T3 is preferably equal to the resonance period of the liquid 50.
- each of the first period T1, the second period T2, and the third period T3 is equal to or less than a first value which is a value obtained by adding half the value of the resonance period to the resonance period, and is a value obtained by subtracting half the value from the resonance period. It is preferably greater than or equal to a certain second value. For example, if the resonance period is 2 msec, each of the first period T1, the second period T2, and the third period T3 is selected from the range of 1 msec or more and 3 msec or less.
- the discharge by the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42 in the above embodiment is corona discharge
- the discharge by the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42 is not limited to corona discharge.
- the discharge by the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42 progresses from the corona discharge to the dielectric breakdown between the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42.
- This phenomenon is intermittently repeated discharge (hereinafter referred to as leader discharge). ) may be used.
- leader discharge when the voltage application circuit 2 operates in the first mode, the output voltage Vo increases with time, and local corona discharge develops at the discharge electrode 41, leading to dielectric breakdown. A relatively large output current Io instantaneously flows. Immediately after that, the voltage application circuit 2 operates in the second mode, the output voltage Vo drops, and the output current Io is cut off.
- the voltage application circuit 2 alternately repeats the first mode and the second mode as operation modes, thereby repeating a series of processes of corona discharge ⁇ dielectric breakdown ⁇ discharge current ⁇ discharge interruption. That is, in the leader discharge, a discharge path is intermittently formed between the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42, and a pulse-like output current Io (discharge current) is repeatedly generated.
- radicals are generated with greater energy than in corona discharge, and a large amount of radicals about 2 to 10 times greater than in corona discharge are generated.
- the radicals thus generated are the basis for producing useful effects in various situations, not limited to sterilization, deodorization, moisturizing, freshness preservation, and virus inactivation.
- ozone is also generated when radicals are generated by the leader discharge.
- the amount of radicals generated is about 2 to 10 times greater than that in the corona discharge, whereas the amount of ozone generated is suppressed to the same level as in the case of the corona discharge. Therefore, the amount of generated ozone can be suppressed while increasing the amount of generated radicals.
- a corona discharge is a discharge that is locally generated at one electrode and is a discharge that does not involve dielectric breakdown between a pair of electrodes (eg, the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42).
- Spark discharge, glow discharge, and arc discharge are discharges accompanied by dielectric breakdown between a pair of electrodes.
- a spark discharge is a discharge in which a discharge path is formed instantaneously (single-shot). In glow discharge and arc discharge, a discharge path formed by dielectric breakdown is maintained while energy is applied between a pair of electrodes, and a discharge current is continuously generated between the pair of electrodes.
- the discharge path once formed is maintained without interruption, resulting in corona discharge and spark discharge. to glow discharge and arc discharge.
- the leader discharge is accompanied by dielectric breakdown between a pair of electrodes, it is a discharge in which dielectric breakdown occurs intermittently rather than continuously. Therefore, the discharge current generated between the pair of electrodes occurs intermittently. That is, by reducing the voltage applied between the pair of electrodes as soon as the corona discharge progresses to dielectric breakdown, the discharge path is interrupted and the discharge stops. A discharge current intermittently flows between the pair of electrodes by repeating the generation and termination of such discharge.
- spark discharge in which dielectric breakdown occurs instantaneously (single-shot) and dielectric breakdown continuously occurs (that is, It is different from glow discharge and arc discharge, in which the discharge current is continuously generated.
- the distance W1 (see FIG. 3B) between the counter electrode 42 and the tip portion 411 becomes the shortest.
- the point is an annular edge 425 . Therefore, a discharge path between the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42 is likely to be generated between the annular edge portion 425 and the tip portion 411 . That is, electric field concentration is likely to occur at the annular edge portion 425 of the counter electrode 42 .
- a discharge hereinafter referred to as a round discharge
- the discharge path between the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42 is the path from the tip 411 to the annular edge 425, that is, the path along the side of the cone that spreads from the point to the ring. Become.
- the discharge by the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42 may be a round discharge (hereinafter referred to as a round leader discharge) that causes dielectric breakdown intermittently.
- Round leader discharge has advantages of both leader discharge and round discharge. In the round leader discharge, by widening the discharge path into a conical side surface, the electric field concentration can be prevented from growing rapidly and progressing to a full-path breakdown discharge, and the partial breakdown discharge can be spread spatially. That is, the round leader discharge can further increase the amount of active ingredients produced.
- the discharge path includes a first dielectric breakdown region created around the discharge electrode 41 and a second dielectric breakdown region created around the counter electrode 42 .
- a discharge path is formed between the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42 where the dielectric breakdown occurs not entirely but partially (locally).
- dielectric breakdown as used in the present disclosure means that the electrical insulation of an insulator (including gas) separating conductors is broken and the insulation state cannot be maintained.
- Gas dielectric breakdown occurs, for example, because ionized molecules are accelerated by an electric field, collide with other gas molecules, ionize, and the ion concentration increases rapidly to cause gas discharge.
- the gas (air) existing on the path connecting the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42 has a partial dielectric breakdown.
- the discharge path formed between the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42 is a path that does not lead to total path breakdown, but is partially dielectrically broken down.
- the edge portion 425 is preferably configured to have a shape that connects the bottom wall 4211 and the projecting base portion 423 with a curved surface having an arcuate cross section. By forming the edge portion 425 into a curved surface, partial breakdown discharge is likely to occur.
- radicals are generated with greater energy than corona discharge, and a large amount of radicals about 2 to 10 times greater than corona discharge are generated.
- the radicals thus generated are the basis for producing useful effects in various situations, not limited to sterilization, deodorization, moisturizing, freshness preservation, and virus inactivation.
- ozone is also generated.
- the amount of radicals generated is about 2 to 10 times that of the corona discharge, whereas the amount of ozone generated is suppressed to the same level as in the case of the corona discharge.
- all-path breakdown discharge In all-path breakdown discharge, when corona discharge progresses to all-path breakdown, a relatively large output current Io (discharge current) flows instantaneously, and immediately after that, the output voltage Vo drops and the output current Io is cut off. , and the phenomenon that the output voltage Vo rises and leads to dielectric breakdown is repeated.
- radicals are generated with greater energy than in corona discharge, and a large amount of radicals about 2 to 10 times as large as those in corona discharge are generated.
- the energy of the full-path breakdown discharge is even greater than the energy of the partial breakdown discharge. Therefore, even if a large amount of radicals are generated due to the disappearance of ozone and the increase in radicals when the energy level is "medium", the energy level becomes "high” in the subsequent reaction pathway, Some of the radicals may disappear.
- the discharge between a pair of electrodes is not limited to corona discharge, and may be leader discharge, round discharge, or round leader discharge. good.
- the leader discharge intermittently forms a discharge path between a pair of electrodes to intermittently and repeatedly generate a discharge current (output current Io).
- a round discharge forms a discharge path that spreads like a conical side connecting a pair of electrodes.
- the round leader discharge intermittently forms a discharge path extending like a conical side connecting a pair of electrodes, and intermittently and repeatedly generates a discharge current (output current Io).
- each of the leader discharge, the round discharge, and the round leader discharge may be either a partial breakdown discharge or a full path breakdown discharge.
- a partial breakdown discharge forms a partially dielectrically broken discharge path between a pair of electrodes.
- a full-path breakdown discharge forms a discharge path in which continuous dielectric breakdown occurs between a pair of electrodes (a discharge path in which dielectric breakdown occurs continuously from one electrode to the other electrode).
- the counter electrode 42 is not limited to the shape of the above-described embodiment, and may have any shape as long as it causes discharge between itself and the discharge electrode 41 .
- the counter electrode 42 may be configured to include needle-shaped projections to create a dielectric breakdown region between the needle-shaped projections and the discharge electrode 41 .
- the discharge device 10 may omit the liquid supply section 5 for generating the charged particulate liquid.
- the discharge device 10 generates air ions by partial breakdown discharge generated between the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42 .
- air ions are included in the active ingredients.
- the configuration of the liquid supply unit 5 is not limited to cooling the discharge electrode 41 to generate condensed water on the discharge electrode 41 as in the above-described embodiment.
- the liquid supply unit 5 may be configured to supply the liquid 50 from the tank to the discharge electrode 41 using, for example, capillary action or a supply mechanism such as a pump.
- the liquid 50 is not limited to water (including condensed water), and may be liquid other than water.
- the voltage application circuit 2 is configured to apply an output voltage Vo between the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42 with the discharge electrode 41 as a positive electrode (positive) and the counter electrode 42 as a negative electrode (ground). good too. Furthermore, since it is sufficient that a potential difference (voltage) is generated between the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42, the voltage application circuit 2 grounds the electrode on the high potential side (positive electrode) and grounds the electrode on the low potential side (negative electrode). is a negative potential, a negative voltage may be applied to the load 4 . That is, the voltage applying circuit 2 may have the discharge electrode 41 grounded and the counter electrode 42 at a negative potential, or may have the discharge electrode 41 at a negative potential and the counter electrode 42 grounded.
- the voltage application device 1 may include a limiting resistor between the voltage application circuit 2 and the discharge electrode 41 or the counter electrode 42 .
- the limiting resistor is a resistor for limiting the peak value of the output current Io (discharge current) that flows after dielectric breakdown in partial breakdown discharge.
- the limiting resistor is electrically connected between the voltage application circuit 2 and the discharge electrode 41 or between the voltage application circuit 2 and the counter electrode 42, for example.
- the specific circuit configuration of the voltage application device 1 can be changed as appropriate.
- the voltage application circuit 2 is not limited to a separately-excited converter, and may be a self-excited converter.
- the voltage generation circuit 22 may be realized by a transformer (piezoelectric transformer) having a piezoelectric element.
- the waveform of the output voltage Vo applied between the discharge electrode 41 and the counter electrode 42 by the voltage application circuit 2 is not limited to the waveforms shown in FIGS. 6A and 8-10.
- the output voltage Vo may have a triangular waveform that gradually increases and immediately decreases when a discharge path is formed and the output current Io (discharge current) flows.
- the discharge device 10 may omit the counter electrode 42 .
- the discharge occurs between the discharge electrode 41 and a member (such as a housing) that exists around the discharge electrode 41 .
- the discharge device 10 may omit both the liquid supply section 5 and the counter electrode 42 .
- functions similar to those of the voltage application device 1 described above may be embodied by a control method for the voltage application circuit 2, a computer program, or a recording medium recording the computer program. That is, the function of the voltage application circuit 2 may be embodied by a control method for the voltage application circuit 2, a computer program, or a recording medium recording the computer program.
- the discharge device 10 may be an ion generator or the like other than the electrostatic atomizer.
- the discharge device (10) of the first aspect according to the above embodiment applies an output voltage (Vo) to a load (4) including a discharge electrode (41) holding a liquid (50).
- a voltage application circuit (2) is provided for generating a discharge in the discharge electrode (41).
- the voltage applying circuit (2) has a function of varying the magnitude of the output voltage (Vo), and a discharge cycle, which is a cycle of varying the magnitude of the output voltage (Vo), into a plurality of cycles ( T1, T2, and T3) with the passage of time.
- the discharge device (10) described above can reduce discharge noise.
- the average of the plurality of cycles (T1, T2, T3) is the liquid (50 ) is preferably included in a predetermined range including the resonance period at which the amplitude of the vibration of ) is maximized.
- the discharge device (10) described above can reduce discharge noise while suppressing a decrease in the amount of active ingredients produced.
- each of the plurality of cycles (T1, T2, T3) has a periodically fluctuating output voltage (Vo ) is equal to or less than a first value, which is a value obtained by adding half the value of the resonance period to the resonance period at which the amplitude of the vibration of the liquid (50) generated by ) is maximized, and is equal to or more than a second value, which is a value obtained by subtracting the half value from the resonance period. , preferably.
- the discharge device (10) described above can reduce discharge noise while further suppressing a decrease in the amount of active ingredients produced.
- the discharge device (10) of the fourth aspect is the liquid supply part (5) that supplies the liquid (50) to the discharge electrode (41) in any one of the first to third aspects. ), preferably further comprising:
- the liquid (50) is preferably electrostatically atomized by electric discharge.
- the discharge device (10) described above can generate a charged fine particle liquid containing radicals. Therefore, compared with the case where the radicals are released into the air by themselves, it is possible to extend the life of the radicals. Furthermore, since the charged microparticle liquid is, for example, nanometer-sized, the charged microparticle liquid can be suspended over a relatively wide range.
- the voltage applying circuit (2) discharges the discharge every predetermined number of discharge cycles. It is preferred to switch the period to one of a plurality of periods (T1, T2, T3).
- the discharge device (10) described above can reduce discharge noise.
- the voltage application circuit (2) sets the discharge cycle to a plurality of cycles (T1, T2 , T3) at random.
- the discharge device (10) described above can reduce discharge noise.
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Abstract
Description
(1)概要
まず、本実施形態に係る放電装置10の概要について、図1を参照して説明する。図1は、本実施形態に係る放電装置10のブロック図である。
次に、本実施形態に係る放電装置10の詳細について、図1~図7を参照して説明する。図3Aは、本実施形態に係る放電装置10における放電電極41及び対向電極42の具体例を示す斜視図である。図3Bは、図3AのX1-X1線断面図である。図4は、放電電極41の先端形状を示す側面図である。
本実施形態に係る放電装置10は、図1に示すように、電圧印加装置1と、負荷4と、液体供給部5と、を備えている。電圧印加装置1は、電圧印加回路2と、検出回路3と、を有している。負荷4は、放電電極41と、対向電極42と、を有している。液体供給部5は、放電電極41に液体50を供給する。
図3A及び図3Bに示すように、放電電極41及び対向電極42は、電気絶縁性を有する合成樹脂製のハウジング40に保持されている。
放電電極41は、棒状の電極である。放電電極41は、軸部41a、及び基端部41bを備える。軸部41aは、円形断面の棒状に形成されており、軸部41aの長手方向の第1端に先端部411を有する。軸部41aの長手方向の第2端(先端部411とは反対側の端部)には、平板形状の基端部41bが連続一体に形成されている。先端部411は、軸部41aの先端に近付くにつれて断面積が小さくなる先細り形状である。すなわち、放電電極41は、先端部411が先細り形状に形成された針電極である。ここでいう「先細り形状」とは、先端が鋭く尖っている形状に限らず、図2A及び図2Bに示すように、先端が丸みを帯びた形状を含む。
対向電極42は、図3A及び図3Bに示すように、放電電極41の先端部411に対向するように配置されている。対向電極42は、例えば、平板状の支持部422を備え、支持部422の略中央には第1凹部421が設けられている。第1凹部421は、支持部422の略中央を放電電極41側に凹ませることにより円錐台状に形成されている。第1凹部421の底壁4211の中央部には、突台部423が一体に形成されている。突台部423は、第1凹部421の底壁4211の一部を放電電極41側とは反対側に突出させることにより円錐台状(ドーム形状)に形成されている。言い換えると、底壁4211の中央部を放電電極41とは反対向きに凹ませることにより、底壁4211に円錐台状の第2凹部424が形成されている。
液体供給部5は、放電電極41に対して静電霧化用の液体50を供給する。液体供給部5は、一例として、図3Bに示す冷却装置51を用いて実現される。冷却装置51は、放電電極41を冷却して、放電電極41に液体50として結露水を発生させる。具体的には、冷却装置51は、一対のペルチェ素子511、及び一対の放熱板512を備えている。一対のペルチェ素子511は、一対の放熱板512に保持されている。冷却装置51は、一対のペルチェ素子511への通電によって放電電極41を冷却する。一対の放熱板512は、一対の放熱板512の各々における一部がハウジング40に埋め込まれることにより、ハウジング40に保持されている。一対の放熱板512のうち、少なくともペルチェ素子511を保持する部位は、ハウジング40から露出している。
電圧印加回路2は、図1に示すように、駆動回路21、及び電圧発生回路22を有している。駆動回路21は、電圧発生回路22を駆動する回路である。電圧発生回路22は、電源部6からの電力供給を受けて、負荷4に印加する電圧である出力電圧Voを生成する回路である。電源部6は、例えば、数V~十数V程度の直流電圧を発生する電源回路である。本実施形態では、電源部6が電圧印加装置1の構成要素に含まれないこととして説明するが、電源部6は電圧印加装置1の構成要素に含まれていてもよい。電圧印加回路2は、電源部6からの入力電圧Vinを周期的に昇圧することで出力電圧Voを生成し、出力電圧Voを負荷4に印加する。
次に、電圧印加装置1の具体的な回路構成について、図5を参照して説明する。図5は、放電装置10の回路構成の一例を概略的に示す回路図である。なお、図5では、電源部6の図示を省略している。
図6Aは、本実施形態の電圧印加回路2による放電制御を示す。図6Aは、出力電圧Voの波形、及び出力電流Ioの波形を示す。なお、図6Aでは、横軸が時間、左側の縦軸が電圧、右側の縦軸が電流をそれぞれ示す。
以下、本実施形態に係る放電装置10における放電音の改善について、図6A、図6B、及び図7を参照して説明する。
電圧印加回路2は、放電周期を所定回数繰り返す毎に、放電周期を複数の周期のいずれかに切り替えることが好ましい。
電圧印加回路2は、時間の経過に伴って、放電周期を3つ以上の周期のいずれかに切り替えてもよい。
電圧印加回路2は、放電周期を複数の周期のいずれかにランダムに切り替えることが好ましい。
上述の実施形態における放電電極41及び対向電極42による放電は、コロナ放電であるが、放電電極41及び対向電極42による放電はコロナ放電に限定されない。
対向電極42は、上述の実施形態の形状に限定されず、放電電極41との間に放電が生じる形状であればよい。例えば、対向電極42は、針形状の突起部を備えて、この針形状の突起部と放電電極41との間で絶縁破壊領域を生成するように構成されてもよい。
上述の実施形態に係る第1の態様の放電装置(10)は、液体(50)を保持する放電電極(41)を含む負荷(4)に出力電圧(Vo)を印加することにより、放電電極(41)に放電を生じさせる電圧印加回路(2)を備える。電圧印加回路(2)は、出力電圧(Vo)の大きさを変動させる機能と、出力電圧(Vo)の大きさを変動させる周期である放電周期を、それぞれ異なる長さを有する複数の周期(T1、T2、T3)のいずれかに時間の経過に伴って切り替える機能と、を有する。
2 電圧印加回路
4 負荷
41 放電電極
5 液体供給部
50 液体
Vo 出力電圧
T1、T2、T3 周期
Claims (8)
- 液体を保持する放電電極を含む負荷に出力電圧を印加することにより、前記放電電極に放電を生じさせる電圧印加回路を備え、
前記電圧印加回路は、
前記出力電圧の大きさを変動させる機能と、
前記出力電圧の大きさを変動させる周期である放電周期を、複数の周期のいずれかに時間の経過に伴って切り替える機能と、を有する
放電装置。 - 前記複数の周期の平均は、前記出力電圧の変動によって生じる前記液体の振動の振幅が最大になる共振周期を含む所定範囲に含まれている
請求項1記載の放電装置。 - 前記複数の周期のそれぞれは、周期的に変動する前記出力電圧によって生じる前記液体の振動の振幅が最大になる共振周期に前記共振周期の半値を加えた値である第1値以下、かつ、前記共振周期から前記半値を引いた値である第2値以上、である
請求項1又は2記載の放電装置。 - 前記放電電極に前記液体を供給する液体供給部、を更に備える
請求項1~3のいずれか1つに記載の放電装置。 - 前記液体は、前記放電によって静電霧化される
請求項1~4のいずれか1つに記載の放電装置。 - 前記電圧印加回路は、前記放電周期を所定回数繰り返す毎に、前記放電周期を前記複数の周期のいずれかに切り替える
請求項1~5のいずれか1つに記載の放電装置。 - 前記電圧印加回路は、前記放電周期を前記複数の周期のいずれかにランダムに切り替える
請求項1~5のいずれか1つに記載の放電装置。 - 前記複数の周期は、第1の長さを有する第1周期および前記第1の長さとは異なる第2の長さを有する第2周期を含み、
前記電圧印加回路は、前記第1周期の間に前記出力電圧の大きさを変動させ、前記第1周期に引き続き前記第2周期の間に前記出力電圧の大きさを変動させる
請求項1~7のいずれか1つに記載の放電装置。
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JP2011245382A (ja) * | 2010-05-25 | 2011-12-08 | Panasonic Electric Works Co Ltd | 静電霧化装置及びこれを備える美容装置 |
JP2018125301A (ja) * | 2018-04-25 | 2018-08-09 | シャープ株式会社 | イオン発生装置および電気機器 |
JP2019046635A (ja) | 2017-08-31 | 2019-03-22 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 電圧印加装置、及び放電装置 |
JP2020035624A (ja) * | 2018-08-29 | 2020-03-05 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 電圧印加装置及び放電装置 |
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JP2011245382A (ja) * | 2010-05-25 | 2011-12-08 | Panasonic Electric Works Co Ltd | 静電霧化装置及びこれを備える美容装置 |
JP2019046635A (ja) | 2017-08-31 | 2019-03-22 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 電圧印加装置、及び放電装置 |
JP2018125301A (ja) * | 2018-04-25 | 2018-08-09 | シャープ株式会社 | イオン発生装置および電気機器 |
JP2020035624A (ja) * | 2018-08-29 | 2020-03-05 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 電圧印加装置及び放電装置 |
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