Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
  • A61K33/06—Aluminium, calcium or magnesium; Compounds thereof, e.g. clay
  • A61K33/08—Oxides; Hydroxides
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
  • A61P1/10—Laxatives
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
  • A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition containing magnesium oxide as an active ingredient for treating chronic functional constipation in children.
• Chronic functional constipation in children is said to be "a disease with a high prognosis if it is not treated early and appropriately.” Since the continuation of chronic functional constipation is accompanied by pain and distress, children withhold defecation to avoid pain and distress during defecation. This leads to the formation of hard stools and loss of urge to defecate, further exacerbating chronic constipation. For the above reasons, it is desired to relieve chronic functional constipation as quickly as possible.
• the weaning period, toilet training period, and school age are cited as the times and triggers when constipation is likely to occur in children, and the peak of onset is said to be during toilet training between the ages of 2 and 4. It has been pointed out that the repeated experience of unpleasant bowel movements during this period may lead to conscious or unconscious avoidance of bowel movements.
• Childhood chronic functional constipation has a significantly worse prognosis when the first visit is older than 2 years old, and about 25% of constipated children who visit the hospital as children aged 5 years or older progress to constipation in adults. .
• factors that contribute to the poor prognosis include a long period from onset to the first visit and a small number of defecations at the first visit.
• malt extract, lactulose, sodium picosulfate, bisacodyl, and glycerin are used as drugs for pediatric chronic functional constipation in Japan.
• malt extract, lactulose, and sodium picosulfate can be administered orally.
• polyethylene glycol is known as an orally administered drug, and in recent years, a drug containing polyethylene glycol has also been approved in Japan (Non-Patent Document 1).
• Lactulose and polyethylene glycol can be selected from lactulose, sodium picosulfate and polyethylene glycol approved as oral drugs for medical use. These dosage forms include syrups and powders of lactulose and powders for oral liquids of polyethylene glycol, and only lactulose powders exist as medicaments that can be orally administered as solid preparations.
• the approved dosage and administration of lactulose powder is 0.33 to 1.30 g/kg daily orally administered in three divided doses.
• the dosage for children over 1 year old and weighing 10 kg or more is as large as 1.1 to 4.3 g. It's not easy.
• magnesium oxide powder the most frequently used constipation drug in Japan is magnesium oxide powder. Evidence is scarce among various constipation therapeutic agents, but it is believed that its efficacy and safety are clear if administered in appropriate doses. Magnesium oxide powder is listed as a frequently used laxative in the clinical practice guidelines for chronic functional constipation in children.
• Magnesium oxide is available for medical and general use, but both are frequently used mainly by adults, especially the elderly. For medical use, it is not indicated for children, but for general use, it can be taken from 5 years of age, and the dose is 0.33 to 0.66 g once a day before going to bed orally. When used for medical purposes for constipation, it is said that for adults, 2 g per day in terms of magnesium oxide is orally administered in divided doses three times before or after each meal, or once before bedtime. On the other hand, the dosage and administration for children has not been approved.
• Non-Patent Document 2 that compared the efficacy of approved lactulose and unapproved magnesium oxide, children under the age of 15 diagnosed with chronic constipation, especially the median age of 2 years 11 who were analyzed The success rate of constipation treatment for children of 1 month has been disclosed. The constipation success rate was reported to be significantly higher in the unapproved magnesium oxide group, 41% (20 of 49 cases) in the magnesium oxide group and 18% (9 of 50 cases) in the lactulose group. ing. However, none of them can be said to provide sufficient treatment for pediatric chronic functional constipation.
• Non-Patent Document 2 Although the administration dose of magnesium oxide for infants after 1 year of age has not been determined, in the literature (Non-Patent Document 2) in which the efficacy was compared with lactulose, magnesium oxide is administered at a dose of 50.0 mg / kg per day. is administered with Although the number of divided doses is also unknown, the dosage regimen for adults is generally followed, and the above-mentioned document (Non-Patent Document 2) also divides and administers twice a day in the same manner as for adults. Since the target of treatment is children from 1 to 5 years of age, it is rarely administered in forms that are difficult to take, and powders and liquids are generally prescribed (Non-Patent Document 3). Patent Document 2) also administers magnesium oxide bulk powder.
• Non-Patent Document 5 In order to prevent abnormally high serum magnesium levels, it is recommended to reduce the dosage of magnesium oxide powder. However, by reducing the single dose, the handling of the powder becomes complicated, and furthermore, the therapeutic effect on children with chronic functional constipation is significantly reduced, resulting in a prolonged treatment period. As a result, drug therapy must be continued for at least several months in order to improve pain and distress during defecation, difficulty in defecation, and irregular defecation habits that cause constipation (Non-Patent Document 5).
• magnesium oxide powder can provide a therapeutic effect
• increased doses are likely to cause avoidance of taking the drug, abnormally high serum magnesium levels, and the risk of diarrhea. .
• Non-Patent Document 6 It has been shown that 1- to 2-year-olds do not take tablets, and there are problems with taking powders (Non-Patent Document 6). Therefore, in the treatment of pediatric constipation patients aged 1 to 5 years, if it is possible to establish a dosage form that allows them to continue taking the drug appropriately and an appropriate dosage, the therapeutic effect can be maximized without worrying about hypermagnesemia. It is possible to enjoy limited As a result, children with constipation can be relieved from pain and suffering during defecation as soon as possible, and early relief can lead to good prognosis and prevent the transition to constipation in adults.
• magnesium oxide preparations for treating chronic functional constipation.
• a highly disintegrating magnesium oxide formulation for improving the ease of administration a tablet in which water-suspended particles are made finer by adjusting the type of disintegrant, the blending ratio, and the manufacturing method (Patent Document 1), Tablets with improved compressibility and disintegration by adjusting the average secondary particle size of magnesium oxide particles and the types and amounts of binders and disintegrants (Patent Document 2), and an average of 2 magnesium oxide particles
• Patent Document 3 fine granules in which solubility and texture are improved by adjusting the secondary particle size and apparent specific volume and granulating with sugar alcohol and a disintegrant.
• the purpose of the present invention is to provide a pharmaceutical composition that achieves a sufficient success rate for constipation treatment for pediatric constipation patients aged 1 to 5 years.
• the present inventors diligently investigated appropriate dosage forms in order to explore the possibility of using magnesium oxide preparations for the treatment of chronic functional constipation in pediatric patients.
• the daily administration dose of magnesium oxide from the conventionally known 50.0 mg / kg (Non-Patent Document 2)
• the treatment success rate is unexpectedly greatly improved.
• it can be improved.
• the conventionally known magnesium oxide bulk powder instead of the conventionally known magnesium oxide bulk powder (Non-Patent Document 2), Surprisingly, it has been found that the drug adherence rate can be improved and the treatment success rate can be further improved. Based on the above findings, the present inventors completed the present invention.
• the gist of the present invention relates to, for example, the following.
• [Claim 1] A pharmaceutical composition containing magnesium oxide as an active ingredient for treating constipation, wherein a pediatric patient weighing 7.5 kg or more and aged 1 to 5 years receives magnesium oxide daily.
• [Item 2] The pharmaceutical composition according to Item 1, which is a tablet or fine granules.
• Item 3 The pharmaceutical composition according to Item 1 or 2, wherein the administration twice a day is after breakfast and after dinner.
• [Claim 4] The number of administration units per day is 2n units, and the administration is divided into n units after breakfast and n units after dinner, according to any one of items 1 to 3.
• pharmaceutical composition [Item 5] The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of Items 1 to 3, wherein the number of dosage units per day is 2n+1 units, and the composition is orally administered in divided doses of n units after breakfast and n+1 units after dinner.
• item 6 The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of items 1 to 5, wherein the constipation is chronic functional constipation.
• [Claim 8] A method for treating constipation in a patient, the method comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a pharmaceutical composition containing magnesium oxide as an active ingredient;
• the patient is a pediatric patient with a body weight of 7.5 kg or more and an age of 1 to 5 years, and the pharmaceutical composition is administered orally twice a day so that the daily dose of magnesium oxide is 25 to 45 mg / kg. administered, method.
• [Item 9] The method according to Item 8, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is a tablet or fine granules.
• [Item 10] The method according to Item 8 or 9, wherein the administration of the pharmaceutical composition twice a day is after breakfast and after dinner.
• a pharmaceutical composition that achieves a sufficient constipation treatment success rate for 1- to 5-year-old pediatric constipation patients.
• [Pharmaceutical composition] One aspect of the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition containing magnesium oxide as an active ingredient for treating pediatric patients with constipation.
• the constipation to be treated with the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is preferably chronic constipation, more preferably chronic functional constipation.
• magnesium oxide preparations are not approved for use in the treatment of children with chronic constipation.
• none of the pharmaceutical manufacturers chose to go out of their way to conduct clinical trials to obtain indications for magnesium oxide tablets from the viewpoint of cost effectiveness.
• the inventors of the present invention were the first to discover the findings of the present invention, which examine specific aspects of magnesium oxide in the treatment of chronic functional constipation in children and provide various preferred aspects. These findings have extremely important implications in treating pediatric patients with constipation, preferably pediatric patients with chronic functional constipation.
• the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is administered to pediatric patients with a body weight of 7.5 kg or more and an age of 1 to 5 years so that the daily dose of magnesium oxide is 25 to 45 mg/kg.
• the non-patent document 2 can be said to be substantially the only known report on effect measurement in administration of magnesium oxide to pediatric patients with chronic functional constipation.
• Non-Patent Document 2 shows a treatment success rate of 41% for pediatric patients suffering from chronic functional constipation by administering magnesium oxide bulk powder at a dosage of 50 mg/kg body weight per day. Increasing the daily dose is usually attempted to increase the rate of therapeutic success.
• the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is preferably in the form of tablets or fine granules containing magnesium oxide.
• powders and liquids are prescribed instead of tablets or fine granules, which are difficult to swallow (Non-Patent Document 6).
• Non-Patent Document 2 which is the only known report mentioned above, also uses magnesium oxide raw powder.
• the use of tablets or fine granules as the dosage form can improve the dosage rate. This enables continuous adherence to the medication, and thus a high therapeutic success rate can be achieved even with short-term administration. In this way, by adopting tablets and fine granules, it is possible to achieve a dosage rate similar to or higher than that of conventional powders and liquids. It is knowledge.
• the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition having excellent therapeutic effect and usability.
• the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is orally administered in divided doses twice a day.
• said twice daily administration is preferably after breakfast and after dinner, respectively.
• the number of dosage units per day of the pharmaceutical composition of the invention is 2n units, preferably administered in divided doses of n units after breakfast and n units after dinner.
• the number of dosage units per day of the pharmaceutical composition of the invention is 2n+1 units, preferably administered orally in divided doses of n units after breakfast and n+1 units after dinner.
• the therapeutic target of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is constipation in pediatric patients, and it is particularly preferable to treat chronic functional constipation.
• Pediatric chronic functional constipation is constipation or its symptoms that are manifested by stool retention or difficulty in defecation in children, and is not organic constipation but requires medical care and treatment.
• the ROME IV criteria are used as diagnostic criteria for childhood chronic functional constipation.
• the ROME IV criteria are international diagnostic criteria for chronic functional constipation, and chronic functional constipation is suspected when the following criteria are met.
• the Bristol stool scale is an index used to evaluate the condition of stool, and is classified into the following 7 grades according to the shape and hardness of stool.
• Diagnosis of constipation is to ask each item in the ROME IV criteria and confirm whether or not you have constipation.
• the goal of treatment for childhood chronic functional constipation is to reach or return to a non-constipated state and maintain it. Diagnosis is preferably made from the ROME IV criteria.
• Efficacy of treatment is judged to be ineffective when the child and caregiver understand the pathology of constipation, desirable diet and bowel habits, and do not achieve or maintain a constipation-free state despite drug therapy. .
• composition and manufacturing method of formulation Although the dosage form of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is not limited, tablets and fine granules are preferred as described above.
• the present applicant has conducted various studies on magnesium oxide preparations for treating chronic functional constipation, and has found that highly disintegrating magnesium oxide preparations for improving the ease of administration.
• Patent Document 1 the type of disintegrant, the blending ratio and the manufacturing method are adjusted to achieve finer water-suspended particles (Patent Document 1), the average secondary particle size of magnesium oxide particles and the binder and disintegrant Tablets improved in compressibility and disintegration by adjusting the type and amount added (Patent Document 2), and adjusting the average secondary particle size and apparent specific volume of magnesium oxide particles, sugar alcohol and disintegrant
• Patent Document 3 fine granules
• formulations of various dosage forms of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention will be mainly described in the case of tablets and fine granules, but the dosage form of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is limited to these specific dosage forms.
• the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention formulated into any dosage form is collectively referred to as the “formulation of the present invention", and among them, tablets or fine granules are separately formulated. They are sometimes referred to as “the tablet of the present invention” and "the fine granule of the present invention.”
• the magnesium oxide particles contained in the preparation of the present invention have, but are not limited to, an elemental composition represented by, for example, the following compositional formula (1). Moreover, although not limited, it is, for example, magnesium oxide defined in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia. (Mg2 + 1- xZn2 + x )O (1)
• X is usually a number from 0 to 0.02.
• Magnesium oxide particles in which X exceeds 0 are not a mixture of magnesium oxide and zinc, but have zinc atoms in the crystal structure of magnesium oxide, and have the same crystal structure as magnesium oxide. This magnesium oxide particle exhibits the same diffraction pattern as magnesium oxide according to the powder X-ray diffraction method.
• X is usually a number of 0 or more, or 0.001 or more, or 0.005 or more, and usually 0.02 or less, or 0.015 or less, or 0.01 or less. When X becomes large, together with Zn ingested from food, it may exceed the required amount as an essential mineral.
• the volume-based 50% particle diameter (D 50 ) measured by the laser diffraction scattering method of the magnesium oxide particles contained in the formulation of the present invention is not limited, but is usually 0.1 ⁇ m or more, or 0.5 ⁇ m. or 1 ⁇ m or more, and usually 25 ⁇ m or less, or 20 ⁇ m or less, or 18 ⁇ m or less, or 15 ⁇ m or less, or 10 ⁇ m or less.
• D 50 volume-based 50% particle diameter measured by the laser diffraction scattering method of the magnesium oxide particles contained in the formulation of the present invention is not limited, but is usually 0.1 ⁇ m or more, or 0.5 ⁇ m. or 1 ⁇ m or more, and usually 25 ⁇ m or less, or 20 ⁇ m or less, or 18 ⁇ m or less, or 15 ⁇ m or less, or 10 ⁇ m or less.
• the particle size of the magnesium oxide particles is too large, the disintegration time will be long, and it may not be dispersed quickly in the oral cavity.
• the volume-based 50% particle diameter ( D50 ) of magnesium oxide is measured by the following method. 0.7 g of magnesium oxide and 70 mL of a 0.2% sodium hexametaphosphate aqueous solution are added to a beaker, and dispersed using an ultrasonic homogenizer (Nippon Seiki, US-300). The volume-based 50% particle diameter (D 50 ) of the magnesium oxide after dispersion is measured using a laser diffraction/scattering particle size distribution analyzer (Microtrac, manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd.).
• the apparent specific volume of the magnesium oxide particles contained in the formulation of the present invention is not limited, but particularly in the case of fine granules, for example, usually 3 mL/g or more, or 4 mL/g or more, and usually 20 mL/g or less, or 15 mL/g or less. Particularly in the case of fine granules, if the apparent specific volume of the magnesium oxide particles is too small, the dissolution properties may deteriorate. On the other hand, when the apparent specific volume of the magnesium oxide particles is too large, the bulkiness of the particles increases and granulation may become difficult.
• the magnesium oxide particles contained in the preparation of the present invention are not limited, but can be produced, for example, by baking magnesium hydroxide particles.
• the specific procedure is not limited, for example, it is as follows.
• Magnesium hydroxide particles as a raw material are not limited, but can be produced, for example, by precipitating magnesium ions in seawater or bittern as magnesium hydroxide with an alkaline source.
• alkaline sources include, but are not limited to, calcium hydroxide, caustic soda, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, aqueous ammonia, and the like. Among them, caustic soda or calcium hydroxide is preferred.
• the precipitated magnesium hydroxide is subjected to a heat treatment at, for example, 100 to 120° C., and then calcined.
• the firing conditions are not limited, for example, the temperature is usually 500° C. or higher, or 600° C. or higher, and usually 1,000° C. or lower, especially 900° C. or lower, for 0.1 to 10 hours. can be done. If the firing temperature is too high or the firing time is too long, the magnesium oxide particles may become hard and deteriorate in crumbling property.
• Magnesium oxide particles obtained by solid-solving zinc (Zn) in magnesium oxide are prepared by adding an alkaline substance in an equivalent amount or less to the total equivalent amount of these cations to an aqueous solution containing magnesium ions and zinc (Zn) ions, and stirring. can be produced by reacting with If necessary, the reactant may be hydrothermally treated at 100 to 200°C using an autoclave. After that, as with magnesium oxide, it can be appropriately adjusted by conventional means such as washing with water, dehydration, drying, firing, pulverization, and classification.
• the supply source of magnesium ions is not limited, but for example, magnesium nitrate, magnesium chloride, etc. can be used.
• Zinc (Zn) ion supply sources are not limited, but for example, zinc nitrate, zinc chloride, etc. can be used.
• the alkaline substance include, but are not limited to, sodium hydroxide.
• Formulations of the invention may also include a binder.
• binders that can be used include, but are not limited to, crystalline cellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, low-substituted hydroxypropylcellulose, starch (eg, corn starch), and sugar alcohols. Any one of these may be used alone, or two or more thereof may be used in any combination and ratio. The timing of addition does not matter.
• the content of the binder in the formulation of the present invention is not limited, but in the case of tablets, for example, it is usually 1% by mass or more, or 3% by mass or more, and usually 15% by mass or less, or 13% by mass. can be:
• the formulation of the invention may contain a disintegrant.
• the disintegrant include, but are not limited to, starch, croscarmellose sodium, crospovidone low-substituted hydroxypropylcellulose, carmellose calcium, carmellose, carboxystarch sodium, insoluble polyvinylpyrrolidone, and the like. Any one of these may be used alone, or two or more thereof may be used in any combination and ratio.
• the content of the disintegrant in the formulation of the present invention is not limited, but is usually 0.5% by mass or more, or 1% by mass or more, and is usually 10% by mass or less, or 7% by mass or less. can do.
• the volume-based 50% particle diameter (D 50 ) of the disintegrant contained in the formulation of the present invention measured by a laser diffraction scattering method is not limited, but is usually 0.1 ⁇ m or more, or 0.5 ⁇ m or more. , or 1 ⁇ m or more, and usually 150 ⁇ m or less, or 100 ⁇ m or less, or 25 ⁇ m or less, or 15 ⁇ m or less, or 10 ⁇ m or less.
• the volume-based 50% particle diameter (D 50 ) of the disintegrant is measured with a laser diffraction scattering type particle size distribution analyzer (LMS-2000e, manufactured by Seishin Enterprise Co., Ltd.).
• LMS-2000e laser diffraction scattering type particle size distribution analyzer
• the particle size distribution is measured by a dry method without using a dispersion medium, and the volume-based 50% particle size (D 50 ) is measured.
• Formulations of the invention, particularly tablets, may also include a lubricant.
• lubricants that can be used include, but are not limited to, stearic acid and its salts (Na, Mg, Ca salts). Among them, calcium stearate is preferred. Any one of these may be used alone, or two or more thereof may be used in any combination and ratio.
• the content of the lubricant in the tablet of the present invention is not limited, for example, usually 0.2% by mass or more, or 0.5% by mass or more, or 0.7% by mass or more, and usually It can be 3% by mass or less, or 2% by mass or less, or 1.5% by mass or less.
• the formulations of the invention may also contain sugar alcohols, particularly in the case of fine granules.
• sugar alcohols that can be used include, but are not limited to, xylitol, erythritol, sorbitol, mannitol, and the like. Among them, mannitol is preferred. Any one of these may be used alone, or two or more thereof may be used in any combination and ratio.
• the content of the sugar alcohol in the fine granules of the present invention is not limited, but is usually 2% by mass or more, or 5% by mass or more, or 6% by mass or more, and is usually 15% by mass or less, Alternatively, it can be 10% by mass or less, or 9% by mass or less.
• the formulation of the present invention may contain other additional ingredients depending on its dosage form. Any one of these additional components may be used alone, or two or more of them may be used in any combination and ratio.
• additional components include sweeteners, flavoring powders, corrigents and the like.
• sweeteners include, but are not limited to, aspartame, acesulfame potassium, sucralose and the like.
• flavoring powder include, but are not limited to, peppermints, L-menthol, orange powder, strawberry essence, and the like.
• flavoring agents include, but are not limited to, sucrose, mannitol, sorbitol, and the like.
• the content of other components in the formulation of the present invention is not limited, but is usually 0.05% by mass or more, or 0.1% by mass or more, or 0.2% by mass or more, and usually It can be 2% by mass or less, or 1% by mass or less, or 0.5% by mass or less.
• the formulation of the present invention may be produced by any method, and may be produced by selecting an appropriate production method according to the dosage form. Although tablets and fine granules are mainly described below, the manufacturing method of the formulation of the present invention is not limited to these.
• the raw material mixture can be prepared by appropriately mixing, in addition to the active pharmaceutical ingredient, magnesium oxide particles, for example, part or all of the binder and disintegrant described above, and optionally other additional ingredients.
• a container-type, V-type, or W-type mixer can be used.
• the raw material mixture is then granulated into granular particles.
• Such granulation can be performed, for example, using a dry granulator.
• Dry granulators include, for example, roll-forming dry granulators.
• the roll pressure in that case can be, for example, usually 3 MPa or more, especially 4 MPa or more, and usually 12 MPa or less, or 8 MPa or less.
• the granulated sheet-like molding is then pulverized to obtain granular particles.
• an oscillator-type pulverizer can be used.
• the screen to be attached to the oscillator is not limited, but for example, the opening can be usually 0.7 mm or more, or 0.8 mm or more, and usually 1.2 mm or less, or 1.0 mm or less.
• the size of the granular particles is not limited, for example, the average particle size is 0.25 to 0.4 mm, the apparent density is 0.5 to 0.7 g/mL, and the angle of repose is 35 to 43°. can do.
• the granular particles are optionally mixed with a lubricant, optionally the remainder of the binder and disintegrant, and optionally other additional ingredients, and then compressed into tablets. can do.
• the tableting pressure can be, for example, usually 5 kN or more, or 6 kN or more, and usually 12 kN or less, or 10 kN or less, as a punch pressure per tablet. Any punch pressure can be selected according to the shape of the punch and die and the mass of one tablet unit.
• the shape of the tableting punch may be any of rounded corners, rounded corners, flat corners, and the like, in addition to rounded faces.
• the diameter of the tablet is not limited, but can be, for example, usually 4 mm or more, or 5 mm or more, and usually 12 mm or less, or 10 mm or less, or 8 mm or less.
• the thickness of the tablet is not limited, but can be, for example, usually 2 mm or more, or 2.5 mm or more, and usually 6 mm or less, or 5 mm or less, or 4.5 mm or less.
• the mass per tablet is not limited, but can be, for example, usually 50 mg or more, 70 mg or more, or 90 mg or more, and usually 300 mg or less, 280 mg or less, or 250 mg or less.
• a raw material mixture for granulation is prepared.
• the raw material mixture can be prepared by appropriately mixing, for example, the binder and disintegrant described above, and optionally sugar alcohol and other additional ingredients, in addition to the magnesium oxide particles as the active pharmaceutical ingredient.
• a container-type, V-type, or W-type mixer can be used.
• the raw material mixture is then granulated into granular particles.
• Such granulation can be performed, for example, using a dry granulator. Dry granulators include, for example, roll-forming dry granulators.
• the roll pressure in that case is not limited, but can be, for example, usually 3 MPa or more, especially 4 MPa or more, and usually 12 MPa or less, or 8 MPa or less.
• the granulated sheet-like molding is then pulverized to obtain granular particles.
• an oscillator-type pulverizer can be used.
• the screen to be attached to the oscillator is not limited, but for example, the opening can be usually 0.7 mm or more, or 0.8 mm or more, and usually 1.2 mm or less, or 1.0 mm or less.
• the size of the granular particles is not limited, for example, the average particle size is 0.25 to 0.4 mm, the apparent density is 0.5 to 0.7 g/mL, and the angle of repose is 35 to 43°. can do.
• Such granular particles are classified, for example, using a vibrating sieve (for example, 0.15 mm, or 0.5 mm), and the average particle size (X 50 ) is, for example, 0.2 mm to 0.4 mm, or 0.25 mm to 0.5 mm. .35 mm granules are produced.
• the bulk density of the fine granules is not limited, for example, it is usually 0.4 g/mL or more, or 0.5 g/mL or more, and is usually 0.7 g/mL or less, or 0.65 g/mL or less, Or it can be 0.6 g/mL or less.
• the particle size distribution of the fine particles is not limited, for example, the proportion of particles having a particle diameter of 355 ⁇ m or more and less than 500 ⁇ m is usually 30% by mass or more, or 32% by mass or more, and usually 45% by mass or less, or 42% by mass. % by mass or less, and the proportion of particles with a particle diameter of 180 ⁇ m or more and less than 355 ⁇ m is usually 40% by mass or more, and usually 50% by mass or less, or 49% by mass or less, and the particle diameter is 150 ⁇ m or more.
• the proportion of particles less than 180 ⁇ m can be typically 10% by weight or more, and typically 28% by weight or more, or 27% by weight or more.
• the resulting granules can optionally be mixed with other ingredients in a container or mixer. Above all, the use of a trace amount of peppermint Lace or L-menthol adsorbed on hydrous silicon dioxide as flavoring powder improves the taste.
• the formulation of the present invention When the formulation of the present invention is made into tablets or fine granules, for children who have difficulty swallowing due to illness, the formulation of the present invention is suspended in water and can be administered intraperitoneally using a canal tube. .
• a tube feeding tube of 3 Fr (outer diameter 1.0 mm) or 4 Fr (outer diameter 1.3 mm) depending on body weight.
• the average particle size generated when the formulation of the present invention is suspended in water is not limited, but can be, for example, as follows.
• Volume-based 50% particle diameter (D 50 ) measured by laser diffraction method of the formulation of the present invention is, for example, 70 ⁇ m or less, or 60 ⁇ m or less, or 50 ⁇ m or less, or, for example, 20 ⁇ m or more, or 30 ⁇ m or more, or 40 ⁇ m or more. can do.
• Volume-based 90% particle diameter (D 90 ) measured by laser diffraction method of the formulation of the present invention is, for example, 130 ⁇ m or less, or 120 ⁇ m or less, or 110 ⁇ m or less, or, for example, 50 ⁇ m or more, or 60 ⁇ m or more, or 70 ⁇ m or more. can do.
• the volume-based 50% particle size (D 50 ) and volume-based 90% particle size (D 90 ) after suspending the formulation in water are determined by the following methods. Measure in Add 10 tablets of formulation and 40 mL of deionized water to a beaker, and disintegrate/suspend using a glass rod. Using a laser diffraction scattering particle size distribution analyzer (LMS-2000e, manufactured by Seishin Enterprises), the volume-based 50% particle size (D 50 ) and the volume-based 90% particle size (D 90 ) to measure.
• LMS-2000e laser diffraction scattering particle size distribution analyzer
• composition and manufacturing method of the formulation of the present invention have been described mainly in the case of tablets and fine granules. can.
• formulation of the present invention is not limited to the above description, the descriptions in these patent documents, etc., and can be carried out by appropriately changing the conditions.
• aspects of the present invention are not limited to the pharmaceutical composition and formulation thereof of the present invention described above, and include various inventions that can be understood by those skilled in the art.
• one aspect of the invention relates to the use of magnesium oxide in the manufacture of the aforementioned pharmaceutical composition of the invention for treating constipation.
• Another aspect of the invention also relates to a method for treating constipation, comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a pharmaceutical composition of the invention comprising magnesium oxide.
• Patients to be treated, and details such as dosage and administration method (dosage and usage) of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention for the patient are all as described above in detail in relation to the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention. is.
• Example 1 In this example, the effectiveness of tablets containing 100 mg of magnesium oxide was examined for children with chronic functional constipation from 1 to 5 years of age.
• Target patients 26 cases.
• Usage and dosage The number of tablets to be administered per day and the starting dosage were determined according to Table 1 below, based on the patient's body weight at the start of administration, so that the magnesium oxide was about 40 mg/kg per day. If the number of tablets to be administered per day is 2n, then n after breakfast and n after dinner; if the number of tablets to be administered per day is 2n+1, n after breakfast and n+1 after dinner; That is, as shown in Table 1 below, the drug was administered orally in divided doses.
• Dose adjustment Starting from the starting dose, appropriate defecation conditions (spontaneous solid stool frequency of 3 times/week or more, no persistent loose stools or hard stools, and muddy or watery stools) the dose can be increased or decreased to reach the For cases in which a stool mass was confirmed before administration, administration was started after removal of the stool mass.
• Administration period Administration was continued for 4 weeks.
• Study method During the final week, the number of spontaneous defecations and stool properties were collected using an electronic or non-electronic patient diary, and the number of stools per week and stool properties listed in the ROME IV criteria were evaluated. After 4 weeks, blood was collected and serum magnesium concentration was measured.
• Evaluation method Number of spontaneous defecations in the last week and stool properties (values according to the Bristol stool scale), percentage of patients who do not meet the ROME IV criteria, diagnostic criteria for constipation in the last week, compliance rate, serum Summary statistics were calculated for changes in magnesium concentration and administration dose per body weight in the final week, and statistical analysis was performed on the treatment success rate. If no bowel movements are observed for 2 days, bisacodyl suppositories or glycerin enemas (rescue drugs) may be used, and in order to distinguish spontaneous bowel movements, 24 hours after use of the rescue drugs should not be counted as spontaneous bowel movements. bottom.
• Table 2 shows the patient background of the magnesium oxide (100 mg tablet) administration group.
• the number of spontaneous bowel movements in the final week of 4 weeks of continuous administration was 5.0 ⁇ 2.8 times (95% confidence interval: 3.81 to 6.11 times), the minimum value was 1 time, and the maximum value was 15 times. times.
• Table 3 shows the number of spontaneous bowel movements in the last week of each age group.
• the median value of stool properties (values according to the Bristol Stool Scale) during the final week of continuous administration for 4 weeks was 5.0, the minimum value was 3, and the maximum value was 6.
• Table 4 shows the stool properties for the last week of each age group.
• the average compliance rate was 99% after 4 weeks of continuous administration.
• the serum magnesium concentration was 2.3 mg/dL before the start of administration, 2.4 mg/dL after 2 weeks of continuous administration, and 2.4 mg/dL after 4 weeks of continuous administration. None of them exhibited hypermagnesemia.
• the final weekly dose of 4 weeks of continuous administration was 32.97 ⁇ 7.4 mg/kg/day (maximum value: 45.1 mg/kg/day, minimum value: 17.1 mg/kg/day, 95 mg/kg/day).
• % confidence interval 30.11-35.83 mg/kg/day).
• Table 5 shows the dosage for the final week of each age group.
• constipation is a patient who has 3 or more bowel movements per week, 2 to 7 stools, and no symptoms of enfeament, abdominal pain, pain during defecation, or bleeding during defecation. , the rate of successful treatment for constipation was 73% (19 out of 26 cases).
• the posterior distribution of treatment success probability can be calculated from the rate of treatment success (19 out of 26 cases were successful).
• a posterior distribution is a distribution derived by adding data from a probability distribution (beta distribution) in Bayesian statistics to a prior distribution representing parameter uncertainty. Analysis using this distribution is a scientifically valid method of combining current data when prior distributions based on previous trial data are obtained. The posterior distribution allows us to derive the probability of future observed outcomes.
• the probability that the posterior distribution treatment success rate was 70% or more was calculated using statistical analysis software R (R version 3.4.2).
• the number of treatment successes in the prior distribution is 19, and the number of failures is 7. Combine the prior distribution and the likelihood, and obtain the posterior distribution with the number of treatment successes of 20 and the number of failures of 8. rice field. From this posterior distribution, the probability that the posterior distribution treatment success probability is 0.7 or less is calculated as 0.411. That is, the probability that the treatment success rate was 70% or more was 58.9%.
• the number of spontaneous defecations per week was 5.5 ⁇ 3.3 times (95% confidence interval: 4.20-6.88 times), and the stool properties per week ( The median value according to the Bristol Fecal Scale) was 5.2.
• Constipation treatment is also given to patients who have stool frequency of 3 or more times/week, stool quality of 2 to 7, and no symptoms of entrapment, abdominal pain, pain during defecation, or bleeding during defecation.
• the percentage of successful constipation treatment cases is 73% (19 out of 26 cases), and 19 out of 26 cases are successful cases, so the posterior distribution treatment success probability is 0.7 or less. is 0.411, that is, the probability that the treatment success rate is 70% or more is 58.9%, and the effect was confirmed from the early stage of treatment.
• Example 2 In this example, in 1- to 5-year-old children with chronic functional constipation, continuous administration of tablets containing magnesium oxide (100 mg tablets) for 8 weeks resulted in the efficacy of 4 or more defecations/week. Equivalence was examined by an open-label intergroup comparison study in which the patients who had been treated were switched to tablets (200 mg tablets) or fine granules (83% fine granules) containing magnesium oxide.
• Target patients ⁇ Magnesium oxide (100 mg tablet) administration: 29 ⁇ Magnesium oxide (200 mg tablet) administration: 8 ⁇ Magnesium oxide (83% fine granules) administration: 21
• Dosage and administration As in [Example 1] , the number of tablets to be administered per day and the starting dose and number of tablets administered per day according to Table 2 are calculated based on the patient's body weight at the start of administration so that the magnesium oxide is about 40 mg/kg per day. determined. If the daily dose of 100 mg tablets after 8 weeks of continuous administration is 4n, use 200 mg tablets daily, and if the daily dose of 100 mg tablets is other than 4n, use 83% fine granules. The same dose (as magnesium oxide) as a 100 mg tablet was orally administered twice a day after breakfast and dinner.
• Evaluation method The amount of change in the number of spontaneous defecations in the last week after administration from the number of spontaneous defecations in the last week after administration of 100 mg tablet administration, the stool properties (numerical values according to the Bristol fecal scale), and the results in the last week. Summary statistics were calculated for the percentage of patients who did not meet the ROME IV criteria, which are diagnostic criteria for constipation, and the compliance rate, and statistical analysis was performed for the treatment success rate. As in [Example 1], if no bowel movement is observed for 2 days, the use of bisacodyl suppository or glycerin enema (rescue drug) is allowed. The 24-hour period was not counted as the number of spontaneous bowel movements.
• Table 6 shows the patient background of each administration group when administering 200 mg tablets or 83% fine granules.
• the number of spontaneous defecations in the last week of continuous administration for 2 weeks after switching was 5.5 ⁇ 2.9 times (95% confidence interval: 3.05 to 7.95 times) in the 200 mg tablet administration group, 83%. In the fine granule administration group, it was 5.8 ⁇ 2.3 times (95% confidence interval: 4.76 to 6.86 times), and the amount of change from the number of spontaneous bowel movements one week before switching when administering 100 mg tablets was 0 ⁇ 2.2 times each, -1.1 ⁇ 2.2 times.
• Table 7 shows the number of spontaneous bowel movements in the last week of each age group in each administration group.
• the median value of stool properties (values according to the Bristol feces scale) per week in the final week of continuous administration for 2 weeks after switching was 4.8 in the 200 mg tablet administration group and 4.8 in the 83% fine granule administration group. was 3.
• Table 8 shows the stool properties of each age group in the last week of each administration group.
• the average compliance rate after continuous administration for 2 weeks after switching was 100% in the 200 mg tablet administration group and 99.8% in the 83% fine granule administration group.
• Table 9 shows the 95% confidence interval that the equivalence margin ⁇ 2 times is satisfied for the amount of change from the number of spontaneous defecations in the last week to the number of spontaneous defecations in the last week when the administration was continued for 2 weeks after switching from the number of spontaneous defecations in the week before switching. It is displayed by
• the equivalence margin is the range that is considered equivalent in order to verify the equivalence of efficacy of different therapeutic agents.
• administration of 100 mg tablets was applied to patients who achieved the efficacy of "4 or more bowel movements per week", and according to the ROME IV criteria, "2 or fewer bowel movements per week” indicates constipation. Since it was continued, equivalence was evaluated with an equivalence margin of 2 so that 4 or more bowel movements per week would not be less than 2 times per week.
• the 100 mg tablet, 200 mg tablet, and 83% fine granules exhibited equivalent therapeutic effects in the number of bowel movements.
• the same dose as the 100 mg tablet can be taken continuously, and the resulting therapeutic effect is that the number of spontaneous defecations in the 200 mg tablet group is 5.5 ⁇ 2.9 times (95% confidence interval: 3.05 to 7.95 times), the median value of stool properties (values according to the Bristol fecal scale) was 4.8, and the number of spontaneous defecations for the 83% fine granules was 5.8 ⁇ 2.3 times (95% confidence interval: 4.76-6 .86 times) and the median stool quality (value according to the Bristol Fecal Scale) was 4.3, i. It means that it was possible to treat with
• Successful treatment of constipation is a patient who has 3 or more bowel movements per week, 2 to 7 stools, and no symptoms of enfeament, abdominal pain, pain during defecation, or bleeding during defecation. , the rates of successful treatment of constipation in the 200 mg tablet administration group and the 83% fine granule administration group were 88% (7 out of 8 cases) and 95% (20 out of 21 cases).
• Administration period Administration was continued for 3 weeks.
• Investigation method In the case, administration was started after removal of the stool mass using a glycerin enema for 3 days, and a glycerin enema was used on the 5th day when defecation was not observed for 4 days.
• the frequency of defecation, stool properties (values according to the Bristol fecal scale), drug compliance, and side effects were recorded using a defecation diary.
• Evaluation method Defecation frequency and stool properties were evaluated for 2 weeks on the 2nd and 3rd weeks after administration. We decided not to count the number of defecations that were excreted using a glycerin enema. The primary evaluation was to have at least 3 bowel movements per week in the 3rd week, to have a stool quality of 2 to 7, and to have no symptoms of entrapment, abdominal pain, pain during defecation, or bleeding during defecation. We evaluated the rate of treatment success cases as treatment success cases.
• Table 10 shows the patient background of magnesium oxide administration cases.
• the average number of bowel movements during the 2nd and 3rd weeks after administration for 3 weeks was 5.5 ⁇ 3.15 times.
• the adherence rate after continuous administration for 3 weeks is evaluated for cases in which 75% or more of the target period can be taken.
• the serum magnesium concentration of 32 tested cases was 2.1 to 2.8 mg/dL more than a week after administration. None of them exhibited hypermagnesemia.
• constipation is a patient who has 3 or more bowel movements per week, 2 to 7 stools, and no symptoms of enfeament, abdominal pain, pain during defecation, or bleeding during defecation. , the rate of successful treatment for constipation was 41% (20 out of 49 cases).
• the number of treatment successes in the prior distribution is 20, and the number of failures is 29. Combine the prior distribution and the likelihood, and obtain the posterior distribution with the number of treatment successes of 21 and the number of failures of 30. rice field. From this posterior distribution, the probability that the posterior distribution treatment success probability is 0.7 or less is calculated as 0.9999894. That is, the probability that the treatment success rate was 70% or more was 0.001%.
• the present invention can be widely used for the treatment of pediatric constipation patients for whom effective treatment methods have been limited so far, and its industrial utility value is extremely high.

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