WO2023007284A1 - Système d'orientation de graines aérodynamique et centrifuge pour planteuses agricoles - Google Patents
Système d'orientation de graines aérodynamique et centrifuge pour planteuses agricoles Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023007284A1 WO2023007284A1 PCT/IB2022/056294 IB2022056294W WO2023007284A1 WO 2023007284 A1 WO2023007284 A1 WO 2023007284A1 IB 2022056294 W IB2022056294 W IB 2022056294W WO 2023007284 A1 WO2023007284 A1 WO 2023007284A1
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- seed
- air
- orientation
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- coil assembly
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C7/00—Sowing
- A01C7/20—Parts of seeders for conducting and depositing seed
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C7/00—Sowing
- A01C7/20—Parts of seeders for conducting and depositing seed
- A01C7/206—Seed pipes
Definitions
- the present invention pertains generally to a seeding device for agricultural row crop planters, and more specifically to a seed orientation system, apparatus, and method for placing seeds in the soil in a selected growing orientation.
- Agricultural row crop planters typically include a seed hopper connected to a seed metering system that delivers seeds into a furrow formed by disc opener blades.
- a plurality of these row crop planters are typically mounted in parallel along a tool bar which is attached to a tractor. For example, it is common as of the time of this filing to have twenty-four or thirty-six row units attached to a single tractor.
- the apparatus must be extremely reliable. With twenty-four “clones” of the equipment, the likelihood of failure is twenty-four times greater than it would be with a single row planter. When the row crop planter does fail, it is also critical that the equipment is quick and easy for the farm workers to repair or replace, because the repair time not only slows down the failed row, but planting is stopped for all twenty-four rows. The likelihood of failure and impact of repair time is even greater when the assembly is a thirty-six row planter.
- seeds are delivered in bulk from the seed hopper to the metering system.
- the metering system precisely singulates the bulk seeds, and will most preferably provide these singulated seeds at very predictable and repeatable time intervals.
- the row crop planter subsequently delivers one seed at a time into the ground, typically into a furrow cut by the opener blades.
- the speed of release of individual seeds from the metering system is preferably adjustable, to properly control the spacing of the seeds based upon the speed of the tractor and row crop planters relative to the ground.
- the standard method of seed delivery from the seed hopper to the ground is a gravity drop system that locates a seed tube inlet below the seed metering system. A singulated seed drops from the metering system down the seed tube and into a furrow prepared by opener blades disposed forward of the seed tube.
- This standard method of seed delivery while a vast improvement over older techniques, leaves much room for improvement in desired seed placement, seed spacing, and relative velocity of the seed as it hits the ground.
- One very common issue today is that the seed tends to bounce unpredictably when it lands in the furrow, and can roll or tumble in either direction. Some seeds may stick when they land, while others may tumble for significant distances. This is particularly challenging as the speed of the planter relative to the ground increases, since the seeds that tumble or roll will have greater momentum to carry them farther from the intended target.
- the Stufflebeam et al patents provide a specially shaped curvilinear feed tube of low coefficient of friction material.
- Gilstring provides a high-speed air transport through a small diameter feed tube.
- Garner et al use a brush to separate and control movement of seed.
- none of these patents make any attempt to orient a seed, or provide any way to ensure the seed will remain oriented into the soil and while being covered with soil.
- patents include: 3,134,346 by Mann; 3,195,485 by Reynolds; and 3,217,674 by Williams. Each of these disclose narrow slots through which a seed passes, thereby forcing the flat major surfaces of the seed to align with the walls of the slot. This provides orientation of the flat major surfaces, but fails to orient the seed with the point down.
- the seeds must be of predictable size, preferably pre-graded as described by Mann. Unfortunately, as also noted by Mann, even with graded seed there will be errant sizes of seed in a batch. Furthermore, and even with perfectly graded seed, during planting in the field these narrow slots are easily clogged by other debris and are difficult and time-consuming to clean.
- Another very common seed holder is an indeterminate length tape to which a seed is adhered.
- Seed tapes very precisely and uniformly space the seeds, and other substances such as herbicides or fertilizers may be disposed on the tape as well to aid in the growth and development of the seed.
- Such tapes have been manufactured for many years, particularly to benefit hobby gardeners, since the gardener may then much more quickly and precisely plant, with little or no seed waste.
- An exemplary U.S. published patent application illustrating larger commercial planters using seed tape is 2013/0152836 by Deppermann et al.
- CN 108207212 proposes a cartridge that contains oriented com seed.
- the cartridge has been designed to make manufacturing and seed insertion easier, and to reduce the bulk of a seed tape. Nevertheless, use of the cartridge still requires moving the seed from the cartridge to the soil while maintaining orientation, and the patent fails to disclose how this is achieved. As noted herein above, movement of the seed without losing orientation has been an obstacle that has not been overcome in the prior art.
- the cartridge still runs the challenges experienced even with the earliest patent by Mann, including: challenges of proper handling and storage in the cartridge of errant sizes and geometries of seed; tendency for clogging and jamming during planting; difficulties and time-consumption required to clean; and in the case of the magazine, the necessarily limited size and need for frequent changing when planting large areas.
- TT.S. patents and published applications include: 2,783,918 by Bramblett; 3,482,735 by Goulter; 3,790,026 by Neumeister; 3,848,552 by Bauman et al; 3,860,146 by Bauman et al; 3,881,631 by Loesch et al; 3,891,120 by Loesch et al; 5,524,559 by Davidson; 5,601,209 by Barsi et al; 5,603,269 by Bassett; 6,148,748 by Bardi et al; 6,827,029 by Wendte; 7,270,064 by Kjelsson et al; 7,509,915 by Memory; 8,757,074 by Cruson; 9,591,798 by Horsch; 10,412,8
- the seed orientation system disclosed therein comprises a seed orientation coil disposed so as to receive seeds from a planter row unit designed for the purpose of delivering a seed into a furrow.
- a seed orientation coil disposed so as to receive seeds from a planter row unit designed for the purpose of delivering a seed into a furrow.
- the row unit is typically mounted to a tool bar that attaches to a tractor or similar towing device along with other identical or similar planting row units.
- An exemplary row unit may include a seed hopper for storing the seed for planting. The seed moves from the seed hopper to a seed meter that singulates the seed at a desired spacing for delivery to the ground.
- An opener blade forms a trench or furrow in the soil ahead of the seed tube. A gauge wheel controls the depth of the furrow, and a closing wheel subsequently closes the furrow over the seed.
- a seed orientation coil is inserted between the seed tube and the furrow.
- the seed orientation coil includes a curved seed path, and a pressurized air system to direct an air flow onto the curved path. The airflow directs the seed into a seed tip down orientation on a flat side of the seed and propels the seed down the curved path to a seed exit path.
- the preferred embodiment curved path disclosed in WO 2020/227670 has a helical shape and comprises a seed guide wall and a seed riding surface
- the preferred embodiment pressurized air system includes a plurality of nozzles to direct a radial airflow component over the curved path and out a series of external vents.
- Exemplary embodiments of the present invention solve inadequacies of the prior art by providing a seed orientation coil assembly configured to receive randomly oriented seeds from an agricultural row planter and move the seeds through a curved pathway defining a curved seed riding surface.
- An air stream is created by injecting air through air injector nozzles onto the curved seed riding surface, and air is removed by venting air through an air vent radially inward from the curved seed riding surface.
- the seed is stabilized, aligned, and entrained in the air stream using some combination of aerodynamics, centrifugal force, and path geometry.
- a seed exit is configured to discharge into a wedge-shaped furrow, detraining the seed from the air stream and wedging the seed in the furrow before being covered by a closing wheel, thereby planting the aligned seed into the soil while achieving tip-down seed orientation with the germ facing an adjacent row.
- the invention is a seed orientation coil assembly for orienting seed and delivering the oriented seed.
- a seed entry aperture is configured to be connected to an agricultural planting machine and receive seed therefrom.
- a seed orientation coil defines a curved seed riding surface upon which the seed travels and aligns that is configured to receive seeds from the seed entry aperture.
- An air stream has at least a parallel component traveling adjacent to the curved seed riding surface and entrains the seed. The air flow is configured to direct the seed into a seed tip down orientation with the seed in contact with the curved seed riding surface on a flat side of the seed and is configured to propel the seed down the curved seed path to a seed exit.
- the invention is method for planting a seed in an orientated position within a seed row in soil by using a seed orientation coil assembly having a seed path.
- the seed is transferred from a seed hopper to the seed orientation coil assembly, and is directed onto the seed path.
- the seed is propelled through the seed path while subjecting the seed to a centrifugal force.
- An air flow is injected into the seed path and entrains the seed.
- the air flow is vented through at least one air vent extending radially inward from the seed path.
- the seed is aligned into an aligned position relative to the seed path and maintained in the aligned position responsive to the propelling step.
- the seed is moved in the aligned position from the seed path subjected to the centrifugal force to a seed exit path.
- the centrifugal force is removed from the seed in the aligned position within the seed exit path.
- the seed is ejected in the aligned position entrained in the air flow from the seed exit path and into soil in the orientated position with seed tip pointed down and seed germ pointed transverse to the seed row.
- FIGs. 1-4 illustrate a seed orientation coil assembly from top, bottom and front side projected, top and side projected, and sectional views, respectively, the sectional view of Figure 4 taken along section line 4' shown in Figure 1.
- FIGs. 5-6 illustrate a seed orientation coil assembly from front elevational and sectional views, respectively, the sectional view of Figure 6 taken along section line 6' shown in Figure 5.
- FIGs. 7-9 illustrate first, second, and third alternative embodiment seed riding surfaces from side sectional view.
- FIG. 10 illustrates a single seed riding surface air jet of Figure 9 from an enlarged side sectional view.
- FIGs. 11-15 illustrate a seed orientation coil assembly from projected, side elevational, top, bottom, and sectional views, respectively, the sectional view of Figure 15 taken along section line 15' shown in Figure 14.
- FIGS 1-4 illustrate a seed orientation coil assembly 240 designed in accord with the teachings of the present invention.
- Air from a central blower/fan is coupled through any suitable coupler to a central system air infeed 242, where the pressurized air enters seed orientation coil assembly 240. While air is most preferred owing to both ready availability, low cost, and presence of blowers on most equipment, it will be appreciated in alternative embodiments that other fluid sources will be provided, which for exemplary and non-limiting purposes will include such sources as compressed or liquified nitrogen, carbon dioxide, or other suitable fluids or fluid blends.
- the air enters a central injector core 258 of any suitable geometry, which acts to distribute the air to one or more air injector nozzles 264.
- these air injector nozzles 264 are each directed at helical pathway 290 and inject air onto the seed riding surface 292 at unique and distinct locations.
- the air injector nozzles 264 are arranged in a helical pattern, following the curvature of seed riding surface 292.
- Helical pathway 290 is defined by a trough or other suitable geometry formed into vented outer coil 260, and, as illustrated, includes three revolutions. Nevertheless, embodiments with less or more than three revolutions are envisioned.
- the upper inner region is open to the atmosphere through vent 268. Consequently, some of the air traveling in the direction of helical pathway 290 but relatively more interior or radially inward therefrom will peel away and travel out of vent 268. The result in some embodiments is that the highest velocity air stream will travel within helical pathway 290 very near to riding surface 292. In such embodiments, there will be a reduced lifting of the seed away from riding surface 292.
- vent 268 is simply an open top, in some embodiments one of any variety of protective and air permeable coverings or closures will be used.
- air permeable coverings for exemplary and non-limiting purpose, may comprise screening, mesh, micro- porous materials and compositions, a cap with at least one small gap or covered opening, or any other suitable or equivalent apparatus.
- Seed 28 enters helical pathway 290 through seed entrance 266 where the seed is exposed to a combination of air force, centrifugal force, and riding surface friction.
- This combination of forces is configured by design to orient seed traveling through seed orientation coil assembly 240, such as disclosed by the present inventors in WO 2020/227670.
- the characteristics of seed orientation coil assembly 240 that can be controlled or varied with appropriate design and geometry of injector core 258 and outer coil 260 to tune or optimize performance include but are not limited to: the radius of curvature of helical seed pathway 290 and the number of turns; rate of change of the radius of curvature of helical seed pathway 290; the extent of banking; the seed velocity along seed riding surface 292; change in direction of seed riding surface 292 along one or multiple axes; the extent of the contact surface area, surface finish, and coefficients of friction; the extent and geometry of nozzles 264 and vent(s) 268; the air pressure provided to nozzles 264; and the angle of the injector airflow.
- Oriented seed exit path 244 is a non- disruptive continuation of helical pathway 290. Most desirably, this ensures that the seed 28 traverses from helical pathway 290 to oriented seed exit path 244 while the flat of the com seed 28 stays firmly positioned against the exit wall without disturbing tip-forward orientation.
- the curvature of helical pathway 290 transitions to a progressively larger radius into and along oriented seed exit path 244, thereby reducing centrifugal force applied to the seed 28. The centrifugal force is finally removed completely when the seed leaves oriented seed exit path 244.
- Oriented seed exit path 244 also gently arcs through a rapidly increasing pitch ultimately to a downward direction of travel, thereby rotating the orientation of the longitudinal axis of the seed 28 to point the seed tip down and toward a furrow.
- the seed 28 is then directed to oriented seed exit path 244, and then into a furrow that is used to capture or wedge the seed to retain its orientation and/or position.
- seed orientation coil assembly 240 as the seed 28 leaves oriented seed exit path 244 it will be airborne for a short distance, maintaining its stable state. The seed orientation can be captured and preserved if the seed is propelled into an interference fit within the furrow in the soil.
- the furrow profile preferably needs to taper down to allow seeds of all sizes to be captured.
- the profile preferably will also have an extended bottom to allow the seed to become wedged or friction fit rather than the seed tip hitting the bottom of the sub-furrow and recoiling out.
- a laminar airflow of greater velocity than the seed will continue to entrain the seed within oriented seed exit path 244 and onward through the air and into the furrow.
- primary airflow will be deflected by soil and so will primarily exit longitudinally within the furrow.
- the seed will preferably have sufficient inertia and momentum to separate from the primary airflow, subsequently wedging within the furrow.
- the oriented seed exit path 244 preferably extends all the way into the furrow.
- the air stream that leaves oriented seed exit path 244 entrains the seed 28 through a very short travel distance measured by approximately the depth of the furrow before the seed separates therefrom.
- a seed alignment apparatus such as illustrated in the prior art referenced herein above but not limited solely thereto is provided in combination with the teachings of the present oriented seed exit path 44 and air entrainment, followed by detrainment in the furrow to provide seed orientation apparatuses.
- the furrow acts as a containment and guide for the air stream that, while not identical, is functionally similar to the containment of the air stream within helical pathway 290 or within an air-driven seed tube. Since the air stream is contained within and guided by the furrow, this also helps to maintain the air stream at a higher velocity while the seed is entrained solely therein.
- the air stream As the air stream passes within the furrow, the air stream is necessarily deflected toward the closing wheels by the generally vertical side walls of the furrow and the sub-furrow opener. This means the air stream changes direction from a primarily vertical path through a sharp curve to a much more horizontal path. As the much lighter and lower mass air stream makes the sharp curve required by the geometry of the furrow, momentum of the seed causes the seed to separate from the horizontally redirected air stream. Rather than making the sharp curve, the seed will instead keep moving vertically downward deeper into the furrow. Preferably, this separation from the air stream will occur as closely as possible to the bottom, or even within a sub-furrow, so that seed inertia is sufficient to maintain the seed orientation entirely into wedging engagement with such a sub-furrow.
- the oriented seed exit path 244 will in some alternative embodiments be swept or angled backward to impart a horizontal velocity component, the actual attained horizontal velocity component will vary depending upon the actual exit speed of the seed, in turn controlled significantly by overall system air availability and pressure.
- changing the angle of the oriented seed exit path 244 will also alter the overall seed orientation when the seed is wedged into the soil. Consequently, the selection of an exit path angle will be made with appropriate consideration for both of the acceptable target seed orientation and seed-to-ground velocity differential.
- the angle of the oriented seed exit path 244 in some alternative embodiments also or alternatively will be varied to provide finer control of seed orientation.
- adjustment of the angle of oriented seed exit path 244 is used to compensate for any action or effect of the closing wheel that might cause the already deposited seed to rotate about an axis transverse to the row during the closing of the soil about the seed. Nevertheless, in most embodiments and applications the sub-furrow is inconsequentially disturbed during the closing process, meaning the orientation of the seed in most situations will not change.
- FIGS 5-6 illustrate a seed orientation coil assembly 340 that closely resembles first embodiment seed orientation coil assembly 240. In consideration thereof, most of the components will be understood to be identical or substantially similar. However, second alternative embodiment seed orientation coil assembly 340 also includes an injector core outer wall 359 that at least partially encloses helical pathway 390.
- injector core outer wall 359 fully encloses helical pathway 390, and in such instance will most preferably be air permeable, for exemplary and non-limiting purpose comprising: one or more internally directed vent holes, small gaps, micro-porous materials and compositions including but not limited to a porous material including but not limited to a mesh or screen, sintered metals, porous carbon, porous carbon-graphite, porous carbon-silicates, open-cell foams of any suitable composition, and other breathable materials and compositions; or any other suitable or equivalent apparatus.
- the inclusion of injector core outer wall 359 can therefore be used to alleviate the need for any dust covers or other protective apparatus.
- Figures 7-10 illustrate a large plurality of first, second, and third alternative embodiment air jets 93, 193, 293 applied to seed riding surface 292.
- Seed riding surface 292 preferably comprises a low friction, low roughness, and/or lubricious surface that reduces any tumbling of the seed. Instead, the greater velocity air stream will induce the seed to slide before tumbling or lifting, thereby maintaining an oriented position. While materials selection and surface finish can reduce surface friction, in the illustrations of Figures 7-10 the first, second, and third alternative embodiment air jets 93, 193, 293 are applied to seed riding surface 292 to obtain similar benefit.
- Air jets 93 comprise generally cylindrical conduits extending perpendicular to seed riding surface 292, while air jets 193 illustrate the option in some alternative embodiments to vary the angular orientation of the conduits relative to seed riding surface 292.
- FIG 10 illustrates a single seed riding surface air jet of Figure 9 from an enlarged view.
- seed riding surface air jets 293 may in some embodiments be provided with additional geometry designed to control the flow and swirl of air for particular desired effect.
- generally cylindrical air jet conduit 298 ends prior to seed riding surface 292, with the air flow instead being conveyed through an air swirl and flow shaping orifice 299 of any suitable geometry.
- an air swirl and flow shaping orifice 299 in some embodiments is configured to generate an eddy- type swirl similar to that created by dimples in a golf ball, though other geometries will be recognized by those skilled in the art of nozzles to obtain desired air flow adjacent to surface 292 and seed 28.
- FIGS 11-15 illustrate a third embodiment seed orientation coil assembly 440 including an integral seed collector 432.
- System air infeed 442 drives air through air injector nozzle 464 into helical pathway 490.
- helical pathway 490 is fully enclosed and unvented.
- vented outer coil 460 is provided with an open interior vent 468, which may be entirely open as illustrated, or which in alternative embodiments is covered by an air-permeable surface.
- Vented outer coil 460 may comprise any number of degrees of rotation, though as illustrated by approximately a single 360 degree rotation. The relatively small diameter helps to increase the centrifugal force applied to a seed.
- This third alternative embodiment seed orientation coil assembly 440 illustrates a combination of a single air injector nozzle 464, greater centrifugal force generation, shorter overall seed path length from seed collector 432 to oriented seed exit path 444, and a single long interior vent 468.
- system air infeed 442 is positioned lower along helical pathway 490, intermediate between the position illustrated in Figures 11-15 and the aft end of oriented seed exit path 444.
- seed entering into seed orientation coil assembly 440 will most preferably be delivered with appropriate velocity to traverse seed riding path 492 and, where provided, gently engage with a seed guide wall similar to and designed in accord with the teachings of the seed guide wall disclosed in our published application WO 2020/227670. It will be understood herein that such a guide wall will be provided in some alternative embodiments to the seed orientation coil assemblies 240, 340, 440.
- the major component of riding surface friction preferably will be derived from seed riding surface 292, and only a minor component of riding surface friction will be derived from the seed guide wall.
- seed riding surfaces 292, 392, 492 may be curved, planar, or of other suitable geometry in profile, and the characteristics of the seed orientation coil assemblies 240, 340, 440 can be controlled or varied with appropriate design and geometry of injector core and outer coil including but not limited to: the diameter of helical seed pathway and the number of turns; the extent of banking, also described herein as the angle of the radially outward slope of the seed riding surface 292 profile; the seed velocity along seed riding surface; the extent of the contact surface area, surface finish, coefficients of friction including in some embodiments different coefficients of friction between seed riding surface and seed guide wall, the extent and volume and pressure of seed riding surface air jets such as 93, 193, 293, and venting; the extent and geometry of air injector nozzles such as air injector nozzles 264, 364, 464 and vents such as vents 268, 368, 468; the air pressure provided to air injector nozzles 264, 364, 464;
- An aerodynamic and centrifugal seed orientation system designed in accord with the teachings of the present invention is applied industrially to agricultural planters and row units.
- the seed orientation system delivers the seeds tip down and germ facing the next row in a furrow.
- corn is the seed type presented and illustrated, the benefits of proper planted seed orientation also apply to other crop types. Consequently, for a variety of crops where planted seed orientation is important and can be controlled using the present teachings, the present invention will increase production and yield.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
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- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
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Abstract
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP22747126.5A EP4376586A1 (fr) | 2021-07-28 | 2022-07-07 | Système d'orientation de graines aérodynamique et centrifuge pour planteuses agricoles |
CN202280052407.1A CN117812997A (zh) | 2021-07-28 | 2022-07-07 | 用于农业种植机的空气动力和离心式种子定向系统 |
AU2022320987A AU2022320987A1 (en) | 2021-07-28 | 2022-07-07 | Aerodynamic and centrifugal seed orientation system for agricultural planters |
CA3226144A CA3226144A1 (fr) | 2021-07-28 | 2022-07-07 | Systeme d'orientation de graines aerodynamique et centrifuge pour planteuses agricoles |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US17/387,778 | 2021-07-28 | ||
US17/387,778 US20220192079A1 (en) | 2019-05-08 | 2021-07-28 | Aerodynamic and Centrifugal Seed Orientation System for Agricultural Planters |
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WO2023007284A1 true WO2023007284A1 (fr) | 2023-02-02 |
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PCT/IB2022/056294 WO2023007284A1 (fr) | 2021-07-28 | 2022-07-07 | Système d'orientation de graines aérodynamique et centrifuge pour planteuses agricoles |
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EP (1) | EP4376586A1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN117812997A (fr) |
AR (1) | AR126594A1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2022320987A1 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA3226144A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2023007284A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB202400397D0 (en) | 2024-01-11 | 2024-02-28 | Prec Planting Llc | Seeding system |
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2022
- 2022-07-07 CA CA3226144A patent/CA3226144A1/fr active Pending
- 2022-07-07 CN CN202280052407.1A patent/CN117812997A/zh active Pending
- 2022-07-07 EP EP22747126.5A patent/EP4376586A1/fr active Pending
- 2022-07-07 WO PCT/IB2022/056294 patent/WO2023007284A1/fr active Application Filing
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB202400397D0 (en) | 2024-01-11 | 2024-02-28 | Prec Planting Llc | Seeding system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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AR126594A1 (es) | 2023-10-25 |
EP4376586A1 (fr) | 2024-06-05 |
CN117812997A (zh) | 2024-04-02 |
CA3226144A1 (fr) | 2023-02-02 |
AU2022320987A1 (en) | 2024-02-01 |
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