WO2023004791A1 - 一种零功耗通信系统及其通信方法 - Google Patents

一种零功耗通信系统及其通信方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023004791A1
WO2023004791A1 PCT/CN2021/109801 CN2021109801W WO2023004791A1 WO 2023004791 A1 WO2023004791 A1 WO 2023004791A1 CN 2021109801 W CN2021109801 W CN 2021109801W WO 2023004791 A1 WO2023004791 A1 WO 2023004791A1
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Prior art keywords
zero
terminal
power consumption
power
network node
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PCT/CN2021/109801
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王淑坤
徐伟杰
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Oppo广东移动通信有限公司
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Application filed by Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 filed Critical Oppo广东移动通信有限公司
Priority to EP21951381.9A priority Critical patent/EP4380293A1/en
Priority to CN202180100873.8A priority patent/CN117981454A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2021/109801 priority patent/WO2023004791A1/zh
Publication of WO2023004791A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023004791A1/zh
Priority to US18/417,935 priority patent/US20240163802A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
    • H04W52/0209—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
    • H04W52/0261—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices managing power supply demand, e.g. depending on battery level
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/001—Energy harvesting or scavenging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/70—Services for machine-to-machine communication [M2M] or machine type communication [MTC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
    • H04W52/0203—Power saving arrangements in the radio access network or backbone network of wireless communication networks
    • H04W52/0206—Power saving arrangements in the radio access network or backbone network of wireless communication networks in access points, e.g. base stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
    • H04W52/0209—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
    • H04W52/0225—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of external events, e.g. the presence of a signal
    • H04W52/0235—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of external events, e.g. the presence of a signal where the received signal is a power saving command
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
    • H04W52/0209—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
    • H04W52/0225—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of external events, e.g. the presence of a signal
    • H04W52/0241—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of external events, e.g. the presence of a signal where no transmission is received, e.g. out of range of the transmitter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/10—Connection setup
    • H04W76/11—Allocation or use of connection identifiers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/08—Access point devices
    • H04W88/085—Access point devices with remote components
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application relate to the technical field of mobile communication, and in particular to a zero-power consumption communication system and a communication method thereof.
  • a zero-power terminal needs to obtain energy before it can drive itself to work.
  • a zero-power terminal obtains energy by collecting energy from radio waves.
  • the zero-power consumption terminal cannot receive signals sent by the network device, nor can it send signals to the network device.
  • Zero-power terminals have the characteristics of limited energy supply, small amount of transmitted data, and limited processing capabilities. However, the current communication system is too complex to meet the requirements of zero-power terminal communication.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a zero-power communication system and a communication method thereof, a terminal device, a chip, a computer-readable storage medium, a computer program product, and a computer program.
  • the zero-power consumption communication system includes at least one of the following: a zero-power consumption terminal, an access network node, a core network node, a data center node, and a service control node; wherein,
  • the zero-power consumption terminal is capable of communicating with the access network node
  • the access network node is capable of communicating with at least one of the zero-power consumption terminal and the access network node;
  • the core network node is capable of communicating with at least one of the access network node, the data center node, and the service control node;
  • the data center node is capable of communicating with at least one of the core network node and the service control node;
  • the service control node is capable of communicating with at least one of the core network node and the data center node.
  • the communication method provided in the embodiment of the present application is applied to the above-mentioned zero-power consumption communication system, and the method includes:
  • the zero-power consumption terminal communicates with at least one of the core network node, the data center node, and the service control node through the access network node.
  • the terminal device provided in the embodiment of the present application includes a processor and a memory.
  • the memory is used to store computer programs, and the processor is used to call and run the computer programs stored in the memory to execute the above-mentioned communication method.
  • the chip provided in the embodiment of the present application is used to implement the above-mentioned communication method.
  • the chip includes: a processor, configured to invoke and run a computer program from the memory, so that the device installed with the chip executes the above-mentioned communication method.
  • the computer-readable storage medium provided by the embodiment of the present application is used for storing a computer program, and the computer program causes a computer to execute the above-mentioned communication method.
  • the computer program product provided by the embodiments of the present application includes computer program instructions, and the computer program instructions cause a computer to execute the above-mentioned communication method.
  • the computer program provided in the embodiment of the present application when running on a computer, enables the computer to execute the above-mentioned communication method.
  • the zero-power communication system has low complexity, can meet the requirements of zero-power terminal communication, and makes the zero-power terminal communication possible.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of zero-power communication provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of energy harvesting provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of backscatter communication provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a circuit schematic diagram of resistive load modulation provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the reverse non-return-to-zero encoding provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of Manchester coding provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the unipolar return-to-zero encoding provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of differential bi-phase encoding provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of Miller encoding provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is an architecture diagram of a zero-power communication system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 12 is a first schematic diagram of a zero-power terminal identification provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 13 is a second schematic diagram of the zero-power consumption terminal identification provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 14 is a first schematic diagram of a zero-power consumption service identification provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 15 is a second schematic diagram of the zero-power consumption service identification provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of a state of a zero-power terminal provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 17 is a first schematic diagram of the control plane protocol stack provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 18 is a second schematic diagram of the control plane protocol stack provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 19 is a third schematic diagram of the control plane protocol stack provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 20 is a fourth schematic diagram of the control plane protocol stack provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 21 is a fifth schematic diagram of the control plane protocol stack provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 22 is a sixth schematic diagram of the control plane protocol stack provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 23 is a first schematic diagram of the user plane protocol stack provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 24 is a second schematic diagram of the user plane protocol stack provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 25 is a schematic diagram of a QoS model corresponding to the first transmission mode provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 26 is a schematic diagram of a QoS model and a corresponding bearer corresponding to the second transmission mode provided by the embodiment of the present application;
  • Fig. 27 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 28 is a schematic structural diagram of a chip according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 29 is a schematic block diagram of a communication system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of an embodiment of the present application.
  • a communication system 100 may include a terminal device 110 and a network device 120 .
  • the network device 120 may communicate with the terminal device 110 through an air interface. Multi-service transmission is supported between the terminal device 110 and the network device 120 .
  • the embodiment of the present application is only described by using the communication system 100 as an example, but the embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto. That is to say, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application can be applied to various communication systems, such as: Long Term Evolution (Long Term Evolution, LTE) system, LTE Time Division Duplex (Time Division Duplex, TDD), Universal Mobile Communication System (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System, UMTS), Internet of Things (Internet of Things, IoT) system, Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) system, enhanced Machine-Type Communications (eMTC) system, 5G communication system (also known as New Radio (NR) communication system), or future communication systems, etc.
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • LTE Time Division Duplex Time Division Duplex
  • TDD Time Division Duplex
  • Universal Mobile Telecommunication System Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
  • UMTS Universal Mobile Communication System
  • Internet of Things Internet of Things
  • NB-IoT Narrow Band Internet of Things
  • eMTC enhanced Machine-Type Communications
  • the network device 120 may be an access network device that communicates with the terminal device 110 .
  • the access network device can provide communication coverage for a specific geographical area, and can communicate with terminal devices 110 (such as UEs) located in the coverage area.
  • the network device 120 may be an evolved base station (Evolutional Node B, eNB or eNodeB) in a Long Term Evolution (Long Term Evolution, LTE) system, or a Next Generation Radio Access Network (NG RAN) device, Either a base station (gNB) in the NR system, or a wireless controller in a cloud radio access network (Cloud Radio Access Network, CRAN), or the network device 120 can be a relay station, an access point, a vehicle-mounted device, a wearable Devices, hubs, switches, bridges, routers, or network devices in the future evolution of the Public Land Mobile Network (Public Land Mobile Network, PLMN), etc.
  • Evolutional Node B, eNB or eNodeB in a Long Term Evolution (Long Term Evolution, LTE) system
  • NG RAN Next Generation Radio Access Network
  • gNB base station
  • CRAN Cloud Radio Access Network
  • the network device 120 can be a relay station, an access point, a vehicle-mounted device, a wear
  • the terminal device 110 may be any terminal device, including but not limited to a terminal device that is wired or wirelessly connected to the network device 120 or other terminal devices.
  • the terminal equipment 110 may refer to an access terminal, a user equipment (User Equipment, UE), a subscriber unit, a subscriber station, a mobile station, a mobile station, a remote station, a remote terminal, a mobile device, a user terminal, a terminal, a wireless communication device, user agent, or user device.
  • Access terminals can be cellular phones, cordless phones, Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phones, IoT devices, satellite handheld terminals, Wireless Local Loop (WLL) stations, Personal Digital Assistant , PDA), handheld devices with wireless communication functions, computing devices or other processing devices connected to wireless modems, vehicle-mounted devices, wearable devices, terminal devices in 5G networks or terminal devices in future evolution networks, etc.
  • SIP Session Initiation Protocol
  • WLL Wireless Local Loop
  • PDA Personal Digital Assistant
  • the terminal device 110 can be used for device-to-device (Device to Device, D2D) communication.
  • D2D Device to Device
  • the wireless communication system 100 may also include a core network device 130 that communicates with the base station.
  • the core network device 130 may be a 5G core network (5G Core, 5GC) device, for example, Access and Mobility Management Function (Access and Mobility Management Function , AMF), and for example, authentication server function (Authentication Server Function, AUSF), and for example, user plane function (User Plane Function, UPF), and for example, session management function (Session Management Function, SMF).
  • the core network device 130 may also be a packet core evolution (Evolved Packet Core, EPC) device of the LTE network, for example, a data gateway (Session Management Function+Core Packet Gateway, SMF+PGW- C) equipment.
  • EPC packet core evolution
  • SMF+PGW-C can realize the functions of SMF and PGW-C at the same time.
  • the above-mentioned core network equipment may be called by other names, or a new network entity may be formed by dividing functions of the core network, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • Various functional units in the communication system 100 may also establish a connection through a next generation network (next generation, NG) interface to implement communication.
  • NG next generation network
  • the terminal device establishes an air interface connection with the access network device through the NR interface to transmit user plane data and control plane signaling; the terminal device can establish a control plane signaling connection with the AMF through the NG interface 1 (N1 for short); access Network equipment such as the next generation wireless access base station (gNB), can establish a user plane data connection with UPF through NG interface 3 (abbreviated as N3); access network equipment can establish control plane signaling with AMF through NG interface 2 (abbreviated as N2) connection; UPF can establish a control plane signaling connection with SMF through NG interface 4 (abbreviated as N4); UPF can exchange user plane data with the data network through NG interface 6 (abbreviated as N6); AMF can communicate with SMF through NG interface 11 (abbreviated as N11) The SMF establishes a control plane signaling connection; the SMF may establish a control plane signaling connection with the PCF through an NG interface 7 (N7 for short).
  • gNB next generation wireless access base station
  • Figure 1 exemplarily shows a base station, a core network device, and two terminal devices.
  • the wireless communication system 100 may include multiple base station devices and each base station may include other numbers of terminals within the coverage area.
  • the device is not limited in the embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 1 is only an illustration of a system applicable to this application, and of course, the method shown in the embodiment of this application may also be applicable to other systems.
  • system and “network” are often used interchangeably herein.
  • the term “and/or” in this article is just an association relationship describing associated objects, which means that there can be three relationships, for example, A and/or B can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and there exists alone B these three situations.
  • the character "/" in this article generally indicates that the contextual objects are an "or” relationship.
  • the "indication” mentioned in the embodiments of the present application may be a direct indication, may also be an indirect indication, and may also mean that there is an association relationship.
  • A indicates B, which can mean that A directly indicates B, for example, B can be obtained through A; it can also indicate that A indirectly indicates B, for example, A indicates C, and B can be obtained through C; it can also indicate that there is an association between A and B relation.
  • the "correspondence” mentioned in the embodiments of the present application may mean that there is a direct correspondence or an indirect correspondence between the two, or that there is an association between the two, or that it indicates and is indicated. , configuration and configured relationship.
  • the "predefined” or “predefined rules” mentioned in the embodiments of this application can be used by pre-saving corresponding codes, tables or other It is implemented by indicating related information, and this application does not limit the specific implementation.
  • pre-defined may refer to defined in the protocol.
  • the "protocol” may refer to a standard protocol in the communication field, for example, it may include the LTE protocol, the NR protocol, and related protocols applied to future communication systems, and this application does not limit this .
  • Zero Power (Zero Power) communication uses energy harvesting and backscatter communication technology.
  • the zero-power communication system consists of network devices and zero-power terminals, as shown in Figure 2.
  • the network device is used to send an energy supply signal (that is, a radio wave) and a downlink communication signal to the zero-power terminal, and receive backscattered signals from the zero-power terminal.
  • the zero-power terminal includes an energy harvesting module, a backscatter communication module, and a low-power computing module.
  • the zero-power consumption terminal may also be equipped with memory and/or sensors, the memory is used to store some basic information (such as item identification, etc.), and the sensor is used to obtain sensing data such as ambient temperature and ambient humidity.
  • FIG 3 is a schematic diagram of energy harvesting.
  • the energy harvesting module realizes the collection of space electromagnetic wave energy based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, and then obtains the energy required to drive the zero-power consumption terminal to drive the load circuit (such as drivers for low-power computing modules, sensors, etc.). Therefore, the zero-power terminal does not need a traditional battery, and realizes battery-free communication.
  • the energy collection module refers to a radio frequency energy collection module, and the radio frequency energy collection module can collect energy carried by radio waves in space to realize the collection of space electromagnetic wave energy.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of backscatter communication.
  • the zero-power terminal receives the wireless signal sent by the network device (that is, the carrier wave in Figure 4), and modulates the wireless signal, that is, loads the wireless signal on the wireless signal.
  • the information that needs to be sent and the modulated signal is radiated from the antenna. This information transmission process is called backscatter communication.
  • load modulation is a method often used by zero-power terminals to load information.
  • Load modulation adjusts and controls the circuit parameters of the oscillation circuit of the zero-power terminal according to the beat of the data flow, so that the magnitude and/or phase of the impedance of the zero-power terminal changes accordingly, thereby completing the modulation process.
  • the load modulation technology mainly includes resistive load modulation and capacitive load modulation.
  • a resistor is connected in parallel with the load, which is called a load modulation resistor.
  • the resistor is turned on or off based on the control of the binary data flow.
  • Amplitude keying modulation ASK
  • signal modulation is realized by adjusting the amplitude of the backscattered signal of the zero-power terminal.
  • capacitive load modulation a capacitor is connected in parallel with the load, which is called a load modulation capacitor. This capacitor replaces the load modulation resistor in Figure 5.
  • the circuit resonant frequency can be changed by switching the capacitor on and off, thus realizing frequency keying modulation.
  • (FSK) that is, the modulation of the signal is realized by adjusting the working frequency of the backscattered signal of the zero-power terminal.
  • the zero-power terminal performs information modulation on the incoming signal by means of load modulation, thereby realizing the backscatter communication process. Therefore, the zero-power terminal has the following significant advantages: On the one hand, the zero-power terminal does not actively transmit signals, so it does not require complex radio frequency links, such as power amplifiers and radio frequency filters. On the other hand, zero-power terminals do not need to actively generate high-frequency signals, so high-frequency crystal oscillators are not required. On the other hand, the zero-power terminal communicates through backscattering, and the transmission process does not need to consume the energy of the zero-power terminal itself.
  • the data transmitted by the zero-power terminal can use different forms of codes to represent binary "1" and "0".
  • Radio frequency identification systems usually use one of the following encoding methods: reverse non-return zero (NRZ) encoding, Manchester encoding, unipolar RZ encoding, differential biphase ( DBP) coding, Miller coding, and differential coding.
  • NRZ reverse non-return zero
  • DBP differential biphase
  • Using different forms of codes to represent binary "1” and "0” can also be understood as representing 0 and 1 with different pulse signals.
  • the reverse non-return-to-zero encoding uses a high level to represent a binary "1”, and a low level to represent a binary "0", as shown in Figure 6.
  • Manchester encoding is also known as Split-Phase Coding.
  • the value of a certain bit is represented by the change (rise/fall) of the level during half a bit period within the bit length, and a negative transition during half a bit period represents a binary "1".
  • a positive transition at half a bit period represents a binary "0", as shown in Figure 7.
  • Manchester encoding is usually used for data transmission from a zero-power terminal to a network device when carrier load modulation or backscatter modulation is used, because it is beneficial to discover errors in data transmission. This is because the "no change" state is not allowed within the bit length. When the data bits sent by multiple zero-power terminals at the same time have different values, the rising and falling edges of the reception cancel each other out, resulting in an uninterrupted carrier signal within the entire bit length. Since this state is not allowed, the network device uses This error can determine the specific location of the collision.
  • the high level of the unipolar return-to-zero code in the first half bit period represents a binary "1", and the low level signal that lasts for the entire bit period represents a binary "0", as shown in Figure 8.
  • Unipolar return-to-zero coding can be used to extract bit synchronization signals.
  • Any edge of the differential biphase encoding in half a bit period represents a binary "0", and no edge is a binary "1", as shown in FIG. 9 .
  • the levels are inverted at the beginning of each bit period. Therefore, bit beats are relatively easy to reconstruct for the receiving end.
  • Any edge of the Miller code in half a bit period represents a binary "1", and a constant level in the next bit period represents a binary "0".
  • a level transition occurs at the beginning of a bit period, as shown in Figure 10. Thus, bit beats are easier for the receiver to reconstruct.
  • each binary "1" to be transmitted causes a change in signal level, whereas for a binary "0" the signal level remains unchanged.
  • zero-power terminals can be divided into the following types:
  • the zero-power terminal does not need a built-in battery.
  • the zero-power terminal When the zero-power terminal is close to the network device, the zero-power terminal is within the near-field range formed by the antenna radiation of the network device. Therefore, the antenna of the zero-power terminal generates an induced current through electromagnetic induction.
  • the current drives the low-power computing module (that is, the low-power chip circuit) of the zero-power terminal to work, to realize the demodulation of the forward link signal and the signal modulation of the backward link.
  • the zero-power terminal uses the backscatter implementation to transmit signals.
  • the passive zero-power terminal does not need a built-in battery to drive it, whether it is a forward link or a reverse link, and is a real zero-power terminal.
  • the radio frequency circuit and baseband circuit of the passive zero-power terminal are very simple, such as no low-noise amplifier (LNA), power amplifier (PA), crystal oscillator, ADC, etc., so It has many advantages such as small size, light weight, cheap price and long service life.
  • the semi-passive zero-power terminal itself does not install a conventional battery, but can use an energy harvesting module to collect radio wave energy, and store the collected energy in an energy storage unit (such as a capacitor). After the energy storage unit obtains energy, it can drive the low-power computing module (that is, the low-power chip circuit) of the zero-power terminal to work, realize the demodulation of the forward link signal, and the signal modulation of the backward link, etc. Work. For the backscatter link, the zero-power terminal uses the backscatter implementation to transmit signals.
  • an energy harvesting module to collect radio wave energy, and store the collected energy in an energy storage unit (such as a capacitor). After the energy storage unit obtains energy, it can drive the low-power computing module (that is, the low-power chip circuit) of the zero-power terminal to work, realize the demodulation of the forward link signal, and the signal modulation of the backward link, etc. Work.
  • the zero-power terminal uses the backscatter implementation to transmit signals.
  • the semi-passive zero-power terminal does not need a built-in battery to drive either the forward link or the reverse link.
  • the energy stored in the capacitor is used in the work, the energy comes from the radio collected by the energy harvesting module. Wave energy, so it is also a true zero-power consumption terminal.
  • Semi-passive zero-power terminals inherit many advantages of passive zero-power terminals, so they have many advantages such as small size, light weight, cheap price, and long service life.
  • the zero-power consumption terminal used in some scenarios can also be an active zero-power consumption terminal, and this type of terminal can have a built-in battery.
  • the battery is used to drive the low-power computing module (that is, the low-power chip circuit) of the zero-power terminal to realize the demodulation of the forward link signal and the signal modulation of the backward link.
  • the zero-power terminal uses the backscatter implementation to transmit the signal. Therefore, the zero power consumption of this type of terminal is mainly reflected in the fact that the signal transmission of the reverse link does not require the power of the terminal itself, but uses backscattering.
  • the built-in battery supplies power to the RF chip to increase the communication distance and improve the reliability of communication. Therefore, it can be applied in some scenarios that require relatively high communication distance and communication delay.
  • passive IoT devices can be based on zero-power communication technology, such as radio frequency identification (Radio Frequency Identification, RFID) technology, and extended on this basis to be suitable for cellular IoT.
  • RFID Radio Frequency Identification
  • Zero-power terminals need to collect the energy of radio waves sent by network devices, and can drive themselves to work after obtaining energy. Therefore, before obtaining energy, the zero-power terminal is in the "off" state, that is, it cannot receive signals sent by network devices at this time, nor can it send signals to network devices.
  • the zero-power terminal Since the zero-power terminal has the characteristics of limited energy supply, small amount of transmitted data, and limited processing capacity, the requirements of the communication system are simple and applicable. However, the current communication systems (such as LTE system and NR system) are too complex to meet the requirements of zero-power terminal communication.
  • Fig. 11 is an architecture diagram of a zero-power communication system provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Fig. 11, the system includes at least one of the following: a zero-power terminal, an access network node, a core network node, a data center node, and service control node; where,
  • the zero-power consumption terminal is capable of communicating with the access network node
  • the access network node is capable of communicating with at least one of the zero-power consumption terminal and the access network node;
  • the core network node is capable of communicating with at least one of the access network node, the data center node, and the service control node;
  • the data center node is capable of communicating with at least one of the core network node and the service control node;
  • the service control node is capable of communicating with at least one of the core network node and the data center node.
  • the zero-power consumption communication system may include all the above-mentioned function nodes, or may include some of the above-mentioned function nodes. Not limited thereto, the zero-power communication system may include other functional nodes in addition to all or part of the above-mentioned functional nodes.
  • the zero-power consumption terminal includes: an energy collection module and a communication module; wherein, the energy collection module is configured to collect radio wave energy and provide energy to the communication module; the A communication module, configured to perform signal transmission between the zero-power consumption terminal and the access network node.
  • the energy harvesting module is an RF energy harvesting module.
  • the zero-power terminal can collect the energy of radio waves by using the RF energy harvesting module, and drive the zero-power terminal to work through the collected energy.
  • the communication module is configured to use backscatter communication to perform signal transmission between the zero-power consumption terminal and the access network node.
  • the communication module may be a backscatter communication module, and the zero-power consumption terminal may use the backscatter communication module to transmit signals in a backscatter communication manner.
  • the zero-power consumption terminal further includes: a low-power computing module.
  • the low-power computing module may include a low-power demodulation module and/or a low-power modulation module.
  • the zero-power consumption terminal further includes: a sensor, configured to acquire sensing data.
  • the sensor may be a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, or the like.
  • the zero-power consumption terminal may be an RFID tag.
  • the access network node is also a radio access network node (RAN node).
  • RAN node radio access network node
  • an access network node may be a base station node.
  • the access network node may be, but not limited to, a 5G access network node or a 6G access network node.
  • the access network node is configured to: send radio waves to the zero-power consumption terminal, where the radio waves are used to power the zero-power consumption terminal; and/or, to The zero-power consumption terminal provides a communication link, and the communication link is used for signal transmission between the zero-power consumption terminal and the access network node.
  • the core network node may be, but not limited to, a 5G core network node or a 6G core network node.
  • the core network node may include at least one of the following network elements: AMF, UDP.
  • the core network node is configured to perform at least one of the following: receiving data of zero-power consumption terminals; processing data of zero-power consumption terminals; controlling services of zero-power consumption terminals; managing zero-power consumption terminal business.
  • the core network node is configured to provide functions such as a gateway.
  • the data center node may be a unified data management network element (Unified Data Management, UDM).
  • UDM Unified Data Management
  • the data center node is configured to store at least one of the following: subscription data of the zero-power consumption terminal, and communication-related configuration of the zero-power consumption terminal.
  • the communication-related configuration includes at least one of the following: bearer configuration, zero-power consumption terminal identification, security configuration, and service identification.
  • the service control node may be a Cellular Internet of Things service (Cellular Internet of Things service, CIoT service) control node.
  • Cellular Internet of Things service Cellular Internet of Things service, CIoT service
  • the service control node is configured to perform at least one of the following: configure the service-related configuration of the zero-power terminal; manage the zero-power terminal identification of the zero-power terminal; manage the zero-power terminal business.
  • the managing the service of the zero-power terminal includes at least one of the following: enabling the service of the zero-power terminal; disabling the service of the zero-power terminal.
  • the interface between the zero-power consumption terminal and the access network node is the first interface.
  • the first interface may be called a Uu interface.
  • the interface between the access network node and the core network node is the second interface.
  • the second interface may be called an NG interface.
  • the number of the above functional nodes in the zero-power communication system may be one or multiple.
  • the number of zero-power terminals in the zero-power communication system may be one or more, which is not limited in this application.
  • the identification related to the zero-power terminal in order to facilitate the communication and service data transmission of the zero-power terminal, the following content is clarified: the identification related to the zero-power terminal, the state of the zero-power terminal, the protocol stack of the zero-power terminal, and The data transmission mode of the zero-power terminal will be described below.
  • the zero-power consumption terminal has a zero-power consumption terminal identifier
  • the zero-power consumption terminal identifier includes at least one of the following: a zero-power consumption service identifier, a terminal group identifier, and a terminal identifier.
  • the zero-power consumption terminal identifier includes a zero-power consumption service identifier and a terminal identifier.
  • the terminal identifier is numbered in the zero-power service corresponding to the zero-power service identifier, that is, the terminal identifier uniquely identifies a zero-power terminal in the zero-power service corresponding to the zero-power service identifier.
  • terminal identity in this embodiment of the application can also be replaced with "UE id”.
  • the zero-power terminal identifier includes an IOT service identifier (IoT service id) and a UE specific identifier (UE specific id).
  • IoT service id is the zero-power service identifier
  • UE specific id is Identifies the terminal.
  • the zero-power consumption terminal identifier includes a zero-power consumption service identifier, a terminal group identifier, and a terminal identifier.
  • the zero-power consumption service corresponding to the zero-power consumption service identifier is associated with one or more terminal groups, and each terminal group has a terminal group identifier.
  • the terminal identifier is numbered in the terminal group corresponding to the terminal group identifier, that is, the terminal identifier uniquely identifies a zero-power consumption terminal in the terminal group corresponding to the terminal group identifier.
  • terminal identity in this embodiment of the application can also be replaced with "UE id”.
  • terminal group identifier in this embodiment of the application can also be replaced with "UE group id”.
  • the zero-power terminal identifier includes an IOT service identifier (IoT service id), a UE group identifier (UE group id) and a UE specific identifier (UE specific id), where the IoT service id is zero Power consumption service identification, UE group id is the terminal group identification, UE specific id is the terminal identification.
  • IoT service id is zero Power consumption service identification
  • UE group id is the terminal group identification
  • UE specific id is the terminal identification.
  • the zero-power service identifier includes at least one of the following: country code, area code, service category, service group identifier, and service identifier.
  • the service identifier includes a country code (Country code), an area code (District code), a service category (Service cat) and a service identifier (Service id).
  • the service identification includes country code (Country code), area code (District code), service category (Service cat), service group identification (Service group id) And business identification (Service id).
  • the group identifier of the zero-power consumption terminal includes the zero-power consumption service identifier and the terminal group identifier.
  • the zero-power consumption service corresponding to the zero-power consumption service identifier is associated with one or more terminal groups, and each terminal group has a terminal group identifier.
  • the terminal group identifier is numbered in the zero-power service corresponding to the zero-power service identifier, that is, the terminal group identifier uniquely identifies a terminal group in the zero-power service corresponding to the zero-power service identifier. Therefore, the group identifier of the zero-power terminal includes a zero-power service identifier and a terminal group identifier, and a terminal group can be absolutely and uniquely identified through the group identifier of the zero-power terminal.
  • the group identifier of the zero-power terminal is identified by a numerical value.
  • a terminal group can be uniquely identified by a numerical value (for example, an integer value), and the numerical value can be understood as a group identification of a zero-power consumption terminal, and can also be understood as a terminal group identification.
  • a terminal group can be absolutely and uniquely identified through the group identifier of the zero-power terminal.
  • the terminal group includes one or more zero-power consumption terminals.
  • the service group identifier of the zero-power terminal includes a country code, an area code, a service category, and a service group identifier.
  • a set of country codes, area codes, and service categories are associated with one or more service groups, and each service group has a service group identifier. Therefore, the group identifier of the service of the zero-power terminal includes a country code, an area code, a service category and a service group identifier.
  • a service group can be absolutely and uniquely identified through the group identifier of the service of the zero-power consumption terminal.
  • the group identifier of the service of the zero-power consumption terminal is identified by a numerical value.
  • a service group can be uniquely identified by a numerical value (for example, an integer value), and the numerical value can be understood as a group identification of a service of a zero-power consumption terminal, and can also be understood as a service group identification.
  • a service group can be absolutely and uniquely identified through the group identifier of the service of the zero-power consumption terminal.
  • the service group includes one or more services.
  • the state of the zero-power terminal includes at least one of the following: a first state, the first state corresponds to the normal state of the zero-power terminal; a second state, the second state Corresponding to the killed state of the zero-power consumption terminal.
  • the normal state may also be referred to as an active state or a valid state.
  • the killed state may also be called a deactivated state or an invalid state.
  • the states of the zero-power consumption terminal are divided into a first state and a second state.
  • the states of the zero-power terminal include a normal state (Normal state) and a killed state (Killed state).
  • the zero-power consumption terminal when the zero-power consumption terminal is in the first state, there is at least one of the following characteristics:
  • the configuration information of the zero-power consumption terminal is stored in the zero-power consumption terminal and in the data center node;
  • the energy collection module and/or communication module of the zero-power consumption terminal starts to work.
  • the zero-power terminal when the zero-power terminal is put into use, the zero-power terminal is in the first state, and the configuration information related to the zero-power terminal, such as the relevant identification and security configuration of the zero-power terminal, is simultaneously written into the zero-power consumption within the terminal and data center nodes.
  • the zero-power consumption terminal can be turned on at any time to use the energy harvesting module to collect the energy of radio waves.
  • the configuration information of the zero-power consumption terminal is deleted in the data center node
  • the zero-power terminal identifier of the zero-power terminal is recovered.
  • the zero-power terminal is in the second state, and the zero-power terminal identifier of the zero-power terminal is recycled.
  • the energy harvesting module of the zero-power terminal stops working.
  • the configuration information of the zero-power terminal stored in the data center node is released and deleted.
  • the first state includes at least one of the following: a dormant state (dormant state), a charging state (charge state), and a working state (working state).
  • the states of the zero-power terminal are divided into a sleep state, a charging state, and a working state.
  • the zero-power terminal can switch between these three states. It should be noted that these three states are common states at the application level or at the NAS level.
  • the zero-power consumption terminal is in the dormant state, and has the following characteristics:
  • the energy harvesting module of the zero-power consumption terminal is ready to be turned on to harvest radio wave energy.
  • the default state when the zero-power terminal is put into use is the dormant state.
  • the zero-power terminal is in a state of no power, and is ready to use the energy harvesting module to collect radio wave energy at any time.
  • the zero-power consumption terminal when the zero-power consumption terminal is in the charging state, it has the following characteristics:
  • the energy collection module of the zero-power consumption terminal is turned on to collect radio wave energy.
  • the charging state refers to a state in which the energy collection module of the zero-power terminal starts to collect energy of radio waves.
  • the zero-power consumption terminal when the zero-power consumption terminal is in the working state, it has the following characteristics:
  • the communication module of the zero-power consumption terminal is turned on to perform signal transmission between the zero-power consumption terminal and the access network node.
  • the working state refers to the state of communication between the zero-power consumption terminal and the access network node.
  • the communication between the zero-power consumption terminal and the access network node includes: downlink communication and/or uplink communication.
  • the zero-power consumption terminal receives the signal sent by the access network node.
  • the zero-power terminal sends a signal to the access network node.
  • the zero-power consumption terminal can switch between any two states of the dormant state, the charging state, and the working state.
  • the transition between the three states of the zero-power terminal does not need to be notified to the network side, that is, to the network side transparent.
  • the zero-power consumption terminal is capable of transitioning from the first state to the second state. Further, optionally, the zero-power consumption terminal transitions from the first state to the second state based on a network side command.
  • the command on the network side is NAS signaling or RRC signaling.
  • the zero-power terminal in the first state may enter the second state through a command from the network side (such as NAS signaling, RRC signaling, etc.). It should be noted that the zero-power consumption terminal in the second state cannot reversely transform into the first state.
  • the control plane protocol stack is specified.
  • the non-access (Non-Access Stratrum, NAS) layer may not be used.
  • the radio link control (Radio Link Control, RLC) layer and Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer are completed in the upper layer.
  • the radio resource control (Radio Resource Control, RRC) layer is responsible for the function of the media access control (Media Access Control, MAC) layer
  • the MAC layer may not be used. Accordingly, according to the characteristics of the zero-power terminal, its control plane protocol stack can have the following options.
  • control plane protocol stack between the zero-power terminal and the access network node includes: RRC layer, MAC layer and physical (PHY) layer; the zero-power terminal and the core network node There is no control plane protocol stack between them.
  • the functions of the RRC layer include at least one of the following: transmit RRC signaling, and the RRC signaling is used to carry downlink signaling and/or uplink signaling; A segment, where the segment corresponds to a segment number; wherein, the RRC signaling is associated with a sequence number.
  • the RRC signaling is used for the zero-power terminal to receive downlink command signaling sent by the network side and/or used for the zero-power terminal to send uplink signaling to the network side. If the RRC signaling is relatively large, the RRC layer can segment the RRC signaling to be transmitted, where each segment has a segment number corresponding to it. Each RRC signaling has a sequence number associated with it.
  • the functions of the MAC layer include at least one of the following: multiplexing processing of data and/or signaling; demultiplexing processing of data and/or signaling; submitting a transport block (TB) For the PHY layer; perform segmentation processing on the TB.
  • TB transport block
  • the MAC layer is used to multiplex data and/or signaling in TBs and deliver the TBs to the PHY layer. If the formed TB is large, the MAC layer can segment the TB.
  • the functions of the PHY layer include at least one of the following: processing data; sending data.
  • control plane protocol stack between the zero-power terminal and the access network node includes: an RRC layer, a MAC layer, and a PHY layer;
  • the control plane protocol stack includes: NAS layer.
  • the functions of the RRC layer include at least one of the following: transmit RRC signaling, and the RRC signaling is used to carry downlink signaling and/or uplink signaling; A segment, where the segment corresponds to a segment number; wherein, the RRC signaling is associated with a sequence number.
  • the RRC signaling is used for the zero-power terminal to receive downlink command signaling sent by the network side and/or used for the zero-power terminal to send uplink signaling to the network side. If the RRC signaling is relatively large, the RRC layer can segment the RRC signaling to be transmitted, where each segment has a segment number corresponding to it. Each RRC signaling has a sequence number associated with it.
  • the functions of the MAC layer include at least one of the following: multiplexing processing of data and/or signaling; demultiplexing processing of data and/or signaling; submitting a transport block (TB) For the PHY layer; perform segmentation processing on the TB.
  • TB transport block
  • the MAC layer is used to multiplex data and/or signaling in TBs and deliver the TBs to the PHY layer. If the formed TB is large, the MAC layer can segment the TB.
  • the functions of the PHY layer include at least one of the following: processing data; sending data.
  • the NAS layer is used to transmit NAS signaling, and the NAS signaling is used for at least one of the following: carrying data and/or signaling; zero-power consumption terminals report information to core network nodes; The core network node sends information to the zero-power terminal.
  • control plane protocol stack between the zero-power terminal and the access network node includes: RRC layer, PDCP layer, MAC layer and PHY layer; the zero-power terminal and the core network node There is no control plane protocol stack between them.
  • the functions of the RRC layer include at least one of the following: transmit RRC signaling, and the RRC signaling is used to carry downlink signaling and/or uplink signaling; A segment, where the segment corresponds to a segment number; wherein, the RRC signaling is associated with a sequence number.
  • the RRC signaling is used for the zero-power terminal to receive downlink command signaling sent by the network side and/or for the zero-power terminal to send uplink signaling to the network side. If the RRC signaling is relatively large, the RRC layer can segment the RRC signaling to be transmitted, where each segment has a segment number corresponding to it. Each RRC signaling has a sequence number associated with it.
  • the functions of the PDCP layer include at least one of the following: security protection, reordering, duplication detection, and SN maintenance.
  • the functions of the MAC layer include at least one of the following: multiplexing processing of data and/or signaling; demultiplexing processing of data and/or signaling; submitting a transport block (TB) For the PHY layer; perform segmentation processing on the TB.
  • TB transport block
  • the MAC layer is used to multiplex data and/or signaling in TBs and deliver the TBs to the PHY layer. If the formed TB is large, the MAC layer can segment the TB.
  • the functions of the PHY layer include at least one of the following: processing data; sending data.
  • the control plane protocol stack between the zero-power terminal and the access network node includes: RRC layer, PDCP layer, MAC layer and PHY layer; the zero-power terminal and the core network node
  • the control plane protocol stack between includes: NAS layer.
  • the functions of the RRC layer include at least one of the following: transmit RRC signaling, and the RRC signaling is used to carry downlink signaling and/or uplink signaling; A segment, where the segment corresponds to a segment number; wherein, the RRC signaling is associated with a sequence number.
  • the RRC signaling is used for the zero-power terminal to receive downlink command signaling sent by the network side and/or used for the zero-power terminal to send uplink signaling to the network side. If the RRC signaling is relatively large, the RRC layer can segment the RRC signaling to be transmitted, where each segment has a segment number corresponding to it. Each RRC signaling has a sequence number associated with it.
  • the functions of the PDCP layer include at least one of the following: security protection, reordering, duplication detection, and SN maintenance.
  • the functions of the MAC layer include at least one of the following: multiplexing processing of data and/or signaling; demultiplexing processing of data and/or signaling; submitting a transport block (TB) For the PHY layer; perform segmentation processing on the TB.
  • TB transport block
  • the MAC layer is used to multiplex data and/or signaling in TBs and deliver the TBs to the PHY layer. If the formed TB is large, the MAC layer can segment the TB.
  • the functions of the PHY layer include at least one of the following: processing data; sending data.
  • the NAS layer is used to transmit NAS signaling, and the NAS signaling is used for at least one of the following: carrying data and/or signaling; zero-power consumption terminals report information to core network nodes; The core network node sends information to the zero-power terminal.
  • control plane protocol stack between the zero-power terminal and the access network node includes: RRC layer and PHY layer; the non-existence control between the zero-power terminal and the core network node Surface protocol stack.
  • the functions of the RRC layer include at least one of the following: transmit RRC signaling, and the RRC signaling is used to carry downlink signaling and/or uplink signaling; Segmentation, the segmentation corresponds to a segment number; wherein, the RRC signaling is associated with a sequence number; multiplexing processing of data and/or signaling; demultiplexing processing of data and/or signaling;
  • the TB is submitted to the PHY layer; the TB is segmented.
  • the functions of the RRC layer include functions of the original RRC layer and functions of the MAC layer.
  • the functions of the PHY layer include at least one of the following: processing data; sending data.
  • control plane protocol stack between the zero-power terminal and the access network node includes: RRC layer and PHY layer; the control plane protocol between the zero-power terminal and the core network node
  • the stack includes: NAS layer.
  • the functions of the RRC layer include at least one of the following: transmit RRC signaling, and the RRC signaling is used to carry downlink signaling and/or uplink signaling; Segmentation, the segmentation corresponds to a segment number; wherein, the RRC signaling is associated with a sequence number; multiplexing processing of data and/or signaling; demultiplexing processing of data and/or signaling;
  • the TB is submitted to the PHY layer; the TB is segmented.
  • the functions of the RRC layer include functions of the original RRC layer and functions of the MAC layer.
  • the functions of the PHY layer include at least one of the following: processing data; sending data.
  • the NAS layer is used to transmit NAS signaling, and the NAS signaling is used for at least one of the following: carrying data and/or signaling; zero-power consumption terminals report information to core network nodes; The core network node sends information to the zero-power terminal.
  • the core network node in the above solution can be an AMF, and here we take 5G as an example. But not limited to this, the core network node may also be other network elements in 6G.
  • a user plane protocol stack is specified.
  • its control plane protocol stack can have the following options.
  • the user plane protocol stack between the zero-power terminal and the access network node includes: a MAC layer and a PHY layer.
  • the functions of the MAC layer include at least one of the following: multiplexing processing of data and/or signaling; demultiplexing processing of data and/or signaling; submitting a transport block (TB) For the PHY layer; perform segmentation processing on the TB.
  • TB transport block
  • the MAC layer is used to multiplex data and/or signaling in TBs and deliver the TBs to the PHY layer. If the formed TB is large, the MAC layer can segment the TB.
  • the functions of the PHY layer include at least one of the following: processing data; sending data.
  • the user plane protocol stack between the zero-power terminal and the access network node includes: a PDCP layer, a MAC layer and a PHY layer.
  • the functions of the PDCP layer include at least one of the following: security protection, reordering, duplication detection, and SN maintenance.
  • the functions of the MAC layer include at least one of the following: multiplexing processing of data and/or signaling; demultiplexing processing of data and/or signaling; submitting a transport block (TB) For the PHY layer; perform segmentation processing on the TB.
  • TB transport block
  • the MAC layer is used to multiplex data and/or signaling in TBs and deliver the TBs to the PHY layer. If the formed TB is large, the MAC layer can segment the TB.
  • the functions of the PHY layer include at least one of the following: processing data; sending data.
  • the data transmission mode corresponding to the zero-power consumption terminal includes a first transmission mode and/or a second transmission mode.
  • the first transmission method refers to: data transmission between the zero-power consumption terminal and the access network node through RRC signaling; between the access network node and the core network Data is transmitted between nodes through NGAP signaling.
  • the second transmission mode refers to: transmitting data between the zero-power terminal and the access network node through a data radio bearer (Data Resource Bearer, DRB); the access Data is transmitted between the network node and the core network node through a GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GPRS Tunneling Protocol, GTP) tunnel.
  • DRB data radio bearer
  • GTP GPRS Tunneling Protocol
  • the core network node is configured to transmit the data of the zero-power terminal to the service control node or include the zero-power terminal based on the address of the service control node The data of at least one zero-power consumption terminal is transmitted to the service control node.
  • the following two quality of service (QoS) models and corresponding bearers can be defined according to the data transmission mode of the zero-power consumption terminal.
  • the zero-power terminal transmits the data to be transmitted to the access network node through RRC signaling; 2.
  • the access network node transmits the data to the core network node through NGAP signaling; 3.
  • the core network node The data is transmitted to the service control node according to the IP address of the service control node, or the core network node packs and transmits the collected data uploaded by multiple zero-power consumption terminals to the service control node.
  • the data to be transmitted by the zero-power terminal is transmitted to the access network node through the DRB; 2.
  • the access network node transmits the data to the core network node through the GTP tunnel; 3.
  • the core network node controls The IP address of the node transmits the data to the service control node, or the core network node packages and transmits the collected data uploaded by multiple zero-power consumption terminals to the service control node.
  • the GTP tunnel is also the NG-U tunnel.
  • the technical solution of the embodiment of this application clarifies the network architecture of the zero-power communication system where the zero-power terminal is located, and further clarifies the relevant identification of the zero-power terminal, the state of the zero-power terminal, and the control of zero-power communication
  • the plane protocol stack and the user plane protocol stack, as well as the data transmission mode of the zero-power terminal make the communication of the zero-power terminal possible.
  • sequence numbers of the above-mentioned processes do not mean the order of execution, and the order of execution of the processes should be determined by their functions and internal logic, and should not be used in this application.
  • the implementation of the examples constitutes no limitation.
  • the terms “downlink”, “uplink” and “sidelink” are used to indicate the transmission direction of signals or data, wherein “downlink” is used to indicate that the transmission direction of signals or data is sent from the station The first direction to the user equipment in the cell, “uplink” is used to indicate that the signal or data transmission direction is the second direction sent from the user equipment in the cell to the station, and “side line” is used to indicate that the signal or data transmission direction is A third direction sent from UE1 to UE2.
  • “downlink signal” indicates that the transmission direction of the signal is the first direction.
  • the term “and/or” is only an association relationship describing associated objects, indicating that there may be three relationships. Specifically, A and/or B may mean: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. In addition, the character "/" in this article generally indicates that the contextual objects are an "or” relationship.
  • the embodiment of the present application also adopts a communication method, which is applied to the zero-power communication system in the above solution, and the method includes: the zero-power terminal passes through the access network node and the core network node, the data center node, and At least one of the service control nodes communicates.
  • FIG. 27 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device 2700 provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the communication device may be a terminal device (such as a zero-power consumption terminal), or a network device (such as an access network node, a core network node, a data center node, or a service control node).
  • the communication device 2700 shown in FIG. 27 includes a processor 2710, and the processor 2710 can call and run a computer program from a memory, so as to implement the method in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the communication device 2700 may further include a memory 2720 .
  • the processor 2710 can invoke and run a computer program from the memory 2720, so as to implement the method in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the memory 2720 may be an independent device independent of the processor 2710 , or may be integrated in the processor 2710 .
  • the communication device 2700 may further include a transceiver 2730, and the processor 2710 may control the transceiver 2730 to communicate with other devices, specifically, to send information or data to other devices, or receive other Information or data sent by the device.
  • the processor 2710 may control the transceiver 2730 to communicate with other devices, specifically, to send information or data to other devices, or receive other Information or data sent by the device.
  • the transceiver 2730 may include a transmitter and a receiver.
  • the transceiver 2730 may further include antennas, and the number of antennas may be one or more.
  • the communication device 2700 may specifically be the network device of the embodiment of the present application, and the communication device 2700 may implement the corresponding process implemented by the network device in each method of the embodiment of the present application. For the sake of brevity, details are not repeated here. .
  • the communication device 2700 may specifically be the zero-power consumption terminal of the embodiment of the present application, and the communication device 2700 may implement the corresponding processes implemented by the zero-power consumption terminal in each method of the embodiment of the present application. For brevity, in This will not be repeated here.
  • FIG. 28 is a schematic structural diagram of a chip according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the chip 2800 shown in FIG. 28 includes a processor 2810, and the processor 2810 can call and run a computer program from the memory, so as to implement the method in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the chip 2800 may further include a memory 2820 .
  • the processor 2810 can invoke and run a computer program from the memory 2820, so as to implement the method in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the memory 2820 may be an independent device independent of the processor 2810 , or may be integrated in the processor 2810 .
  • the chip 2800 may also include an input interface 2830 .
  • the processor 2810 can control the input interface 2830 to communicate with other devices or chips, specifically, can obtain information or data sent by other devices or chips.
  • the chip 2800 may also include an output interface 2840 .
  • the processor 2810 can control the output interface 2840 to communicate with other devices or chips, specifically, can output information or data to other devices or chips.
  • the chip can be applied to the network device in the embodiment of the present application, and the chip can implement the corresponding processes implemented by the network device in the methods of the embodiment of the present application.
  • the chip can implement the corresponding processes implemented by the network device in the methods of the embodiment of the present application.
  • the chip can be applied to the zero-power terminal in the embodiment of the present application, and the chip can implement the corresponding process implemented by the zero-power terminal in each method of the embodiment of the present application.
  • the chip can implement the corresponding process implemented by the zero-power terminal in each method of the embodiment of the present application.
  • no more repeat for the sake of brevity, no more repeat.
  • chips mentioned in the embodiments of the present application may also be referred to as system-on-chip, system-on-chip, system-on-a-chip, or system-on-chip.
  • FIG. 29 is a schematic block diagram of a communication system 2900 provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 29 , the communication system 2900 includes a terminal device 2910 and a network device 2920 .
  • the terminal device 2910 can be used to realize the corresponding functions realized by the zero-power terminal in the above method
  • the network device 2920 can be used to realize the corresponding functions realized by the network device in the above method. Let me repeat.
  • the processor in the embodiment of the present application may be an integrated circuit chip, which has a signal processing capability.
  • each step of the above-mentioned method embodiment may be completed by an integrated logic circuit of hardware in a processor or an instruction in the form of software.
  • the above-mentioned processor can be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (Digital Signal Processor, DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (Application Specific Integrated Circuit, ASIC), an off-the-shelf programmable gate array (Field Programmable Gate Array, FPGA) or other available Program logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components.
  • DSP Digital Signal Processor
  • ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
  • FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
  • a general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, or the processor may be any conventional processor, or the like.
  • the steps of the method disclosed in connection with the embodiments of the present application may be directly implemented by a hardware decoding processor, or implemented by a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor.
  • the software module can be located in a mature storage medium in the field such as random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory or electrically erasable programmable memory, register.
  • the storage medium is located in the memory, and the processor reads the information in the memory, and completes the steps of the above method in combination with its hardware.
  • the memory in the embodiments of the present application may be a volatile memory or a nonvolatile memory, or may include both volatile and nonvolatile memories.
  • the non-volatile memory can be read-only memory (Read-Only Memory, ROM), programmable read-only memory (Programmable ROM, PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (Erasable PROM, EPROM), electronically programmable Erase Programmable Read-Only Memory (Electrically EPROM, EEPROM) or Flash.
  • the volatile memory can be Random Access Memory (RAM), which acts as external cache memory.
  • RAM Static Random Access Memory
  • SRAM Static Random Access Memory
  • DRAM Dynamic Random Access Memory
  • Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory
  • SDRAM double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory
  • Double Data Rate SDRAM, DDR SDRAM enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory
  • Enhanced SDRAM, ESDRAM synchronous connection dynamic random access memory
  • Synchlink DRAM, SLDRAM Direct Memory Bus Random Access Memory
  • Direct Rambus RAM Direct Rambus RAM
  • the memory in the embodiment of the present application may also be a static random access memory (static RAM, SRAM), a dynamic random access memory (dynamic RAM, DRAM), Synchronous dynamic random access memory (synchronous DRAM, SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (double data rate SDRAM, DDR SDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (enhanced SDRAM, ESDRAM), synchronous connection Dynamic random access memory (synch link DRAM, SLDRAM) and direct memory bus random access memory (Direct Rambus RAM, DR RAM), etc. That is, the memory in the embodiments of the present application is intended to include, but not be limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium for storing computer programs.
  • the computer-readable storage medium can be applied to the network device in the embodiment of the present application, and the computer program enables the computer to execute the corresponding process implemented by the network device in each method of the embodiment of the present application.
  • the computer program enables the computer to execute the corresponding process implemented by the network device in each method of the embodiment of the present application.
  • the computer-readable storage medium can be applied to the zero-power consumption terminal in the embodiment of the present application, and the computer program enables the computer to execute the corresponding process implemented by the zero-power consumption terminal in each method of the embodiment of the present application, in order It is concise and will not be repeated here.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a computer program product, including computer program instructions.
  • the computer program product can be applied to the network device in the embodiment of the present application, and the computer program instructions cause the computer to execute the corresponding processes implemented by the network device in the methods of the embodiment of the present application.
  • the Let me repeat For the sake of brevity, the Let me repeat.
  • the computer program product can be applied to the zero-power consumption terminal in the embodiments of the present application, and the computer program instructions cause the computer to execute the corresponding processes implemented by the zero-power consumption terminal in the various methods of the embodiments of the present application.
  • the computer program instructions cause the computer to execute the corresponding processes implemented by the zero-power consumption terminal in the various methods of the embodiments of the present application.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a computer program.
  • the computer program can be applied to the network device in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the computer program is run on the computer, the computer is made to execute the corresponding processes implemented by the network device in the methods of the embodiment of the present application.
  • the computer program is run on the computer, the computer is made to execute the corresponding processes implemented by the network device in the methods of the embodiment of the present application.
  • the computer program can be applied to the zero-power consumption terminal in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the computer program executes the corresponding functions implemented by the zero-power consumption terminal in the various methods in the embodiment of the present application. For the sake of brevity, the process will not be repeated here.
  • the disclosed systems, devices and methods may be implemented in other ways.
  • the device embodiments described above are only illustrative.
  • the division of the units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods.
  • multiple units or components can be combined or May be integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored, or not implemented.
  • the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces, and the indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units may be in electrical, mechanical or other forms.
  • the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple network units. Part or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.
  • each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, each unit may exist separately physically, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
  • the functions described above are realized in the form of software function units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.
  • the technical solution of the present application is essentially or the part that contributes to the prior art or the part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product, and the computer software product is stored in a storage medium, including Several instructions are used to make a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present application.
  • the aforementioned storage media include: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (Read-Only Memory,) ROM, random access memory (Random Access Memory, RAM), magnetic disk or optical disc, etc., which can store program codes. .

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Abstract

本申请实施例提供一种零功耗通信系统及其通信方法，该零功耗通信系统包括: 以下至少之一: 零功耗终端、接入网节点、核心网节点、数据中心节点以及业务控制节点; 其中，所述零功耗终端，能够与所述接入网节点进行通信; 所述接入网节点，能够与所述零功耗终端和所述接入网节点中的至少之一进行通信; 所述核心网节点，能够与所述接入网节点、所述数据中心节点和所述业务控制节点中的至少之一进行通信; 所述数据中心节点，能够与所述核心网节点和所述业务控制节点中的至少之一进行通信; 所述业务控制节点，能够与所述核心网节点和所述数据中心节点中的至少之一进行通信。

Description

一种零功耗通信系统及其通信方法 技术领域
本申请实施例涉及移动通信技术领域，具体涉及一种零功耗通信系统及其通信方法。
背景技术
零功耗终端需要获得能量后才可以驱动自身进行工作，一般，零功耗终端通过采集无线电波的能量来获得能量。在零功耗终端获得能量之前，零功耗终端不能接收网络设备发送的信号，也不能向网络设备发送信号。
零功耗终端具有供能受限、传输数据量小、处理能力有限等特点，而目前的通信系统过于复杂，不能满足零功耗终端通信的要求。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种零功耗通信系统及其通信方法、终端设备、芯片、计算机可读存储介质、计算机程序产品、计算机程序。
本申请实施例提供的零功耗通信系统，包括以下至少之一：零功耗终端、接入网节点、核心网节点、数据中心节点以及业务控制节点；其中，
所述零功耗终端，能够与所述接入网节点进行通信；
所述接入网节点，能够与所述零功耗终端和所述接入网节点中的至少之一进行通信；
所述核心网节点，能够与所述接入网节点、所述数据中心节点和所述业务控制节点中的至少之一进行通信；
所述数据中心节点，能够与所述核心网节点和所述业务控制节点中的至少之一进行通信；
所述业务控制节点，能够与所述核心网节点和所述数据中心节点中的至少之一进行通信。
本申请实施例提供的通信方法，应用于上述的零功耗通信系统，所述方法包括：
零功耗终端通过接入网节点与核心网节点、数据中心节点以及业务控制节点中的至少之一进行通信。
本申请实施例提供的终端设备，包括处理器和存储器。该存储器用于存储计算机程序，该处理器用于调用并运行该存储器中存储的计算机程序，执行上述的通信方法。
本申请实施例提供的芯片，用于实现上述的通信方法。
具体地，该芯片包括：处理器，用于从存储器中调用并运行计算机程序，使得安装有该芯片的设备执行上述的通信方法。
本申请实施例提供的计算机可读存储介质，用于存储计算机程序，该计算机程序使得计算机执行上述的通信方法。
本申请实施例提供的计算机程序产品，包括计算机程序指令，该计算机程序指令使得计算机执行上述的通信方法。
本申请实施例提供的计算机程序，当其在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行上述的通信方法。
通过上述技术方案，提出了一种零功耗通信系统，该零功耗通信系统复杂度较低，能够满足零功耗终端通信的要求，使得零功耗终端的通信成为可能。
附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本申请的进一步理解，构成本申请的一部分，本申请的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请，并不构成对本申请的不当限定。在附图中：
图1是本申请实施例的一个应用场景的示意图；
图2是本申请实施例提供的零功耗通信的原理图；
图3是本申请实施例提供的能量采集的原理图；
图4是本申请实施例提供的反向散射通信的原理图；
图5是本申请实施例提供的电阻负载调制的电路原理图；
图6是本申请实施例提供的反向不归零编码的示意图；
图7是本申请实施例提供的曼彻斯特编码的示意图；
图8是本申请实施例提供的单极性归零编码的示意图；
图9是本申请实施例提供的差动双相编码的示意图；
图10是本申请实施例提供的米勒编码的示意图；
图11是本申请实施例提供的零功耗通信系统的架构图；
图12是本申请实施例提供的零功耗终端标识的示意图一；
图13是本申请实施例提供的零功耗终端标识的示意图二；
图14是本申请实施例提供的零功耗业务标识的示意图一；
图15是本申请实施例提供的零功耗业务标识的示意图二；
图16是本申请实施例提供的零功耗终端的状态的示意图；
图17是本申请实施例提供的控制面协议栈的示意图一；
图18是本申请实施例提供的控制面协议栈的示意图二；
图19是本申请实施例提供的控制面协议栈的示意图三；
图20是本申请实施例提供的控制面协议栈的示意图四；
图21是本申请实施例提供的控制面协议栈的示意图五；
图22是本申请实施例提供的控制面协议栈的示意图六；
图23是本申请实施例提供的用户面协议栈的示意图一；
图24是本申请实施例提供的用户面协议栈的示意图二；
图25是本申请实施例提供的第一传输方式对应的QoS模型的示意图；
图26是本申请实施例提供的第二传输方式对应的QoS模型和对应的承载的示意图；
图27是本申请实施例提供的一种通信设备示意性结构图；
图28是本申请实施例的芯片的示意性结构图；
图29是本申请实施例提供的一种通信系统的示意性框图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
图1是本申请实施例的一个应用场景的示意图。
如图1所示，通信系统100可以包括终端设备110和网络设备120。网络设备120可以通过空口与终端设备110通信。终端设备110和网络设备120之间支持多业务传输。
应理解，本申请实施例仅以通信系统100进行示例性说明，但本申请实施例不限定于此。也就是说，本申请实施例的技术方案可以应用于各种通信系统，例如：长期演进(Long Term Evolution，LTE)系统、LTE时分双工(Time Division Duplex，TDD)、通用移动通信系统(Universal Mobile Telecommunication System，UMTS)、物联网(Internet of Things，IoT)系统、窄带物联网(Narrow Band Internet of Things，NB-IoT)系统、增强的机器类型通信(enhanced Machine-Type Communications，eMTC)系统、5G通信系统(也称为新无线(New Radio，NR)通信系统)，或未来的通信系统等。
在图1所示的通信系统100中，网络设备120可以是与终端设备110通信的接入网设备。接入网设备可以为特定的地理区域提供通信覆盖，并且可以与位于该覆盖区域内的终端设备110(例如UE)进行通信。
网络设备120可以是长期演进(Long Term Evolution，LTE)系统中的演进型基站(Evolutional Node B，eNB或eNodeB)，或者是下一代无线接入网(Next Generation Radio Access Network，NG RAN)设备，或者是NR系统中的基站(gNB)，或者是云无线接入网络(Cloud Radio Access Network，CRAN)中的无线控制器，或者该网络设备120可以为中继站、接入点、车载设备、可穿戴设备、集线器、交换机、网桥、路由器，或者未来演进的公共陆地移动网络(Public Land Mobile Network，PLMN)中的网络设备等。
终端设备110可以是任意终端设备，其包括但不限于与网络设备120或其它终端设备采用有线 或者无线连接的终端设备。
例如，所述终端设备110可以指接入终端、用户设备(User Equipment，UE)、用户单元、用户站、移动站、移动台、远方站、远程终端、移动设备、用户终端、终端、无线通信设备、用户代理或用户装置。接入终端可以是蜂窝电话、无绳电话、会话启动协议(Session Initiation Protocol，SIP)电话、IoT设备、卫星手持终端、无线本地环路(Wireless Local Loop，WLL)站、个人数字处理(Personal Digital Assistant，PDA)、具有无线通信功能的手持设备、计算设备或连接到无线调制解调器的其它处理设备、车载设备、可穿戴设备、5G网络中的终端设备或者未来演进网络中的终端设备等。
终端设备110可以用于设备到设备(Device to Device，D2D)的通信。
无线通信系统100还可以包括与基站进行通信的核心网设备130，该核心网设备130可以是5G核心网(5G Core，5GC)设备，例如，接入与移动性管理功能(Access and Mobility Management Function，AMF)，又例如，认证服务器功能(Authentication Server Function，AUSF)，又例如，用户面功能(User Plane Function，UPF)，又例如，会话管理功能(Session Management Function，SMF)。可选地，核心网络设备130也可以是LTE网络的分组核心演进(Evolved Packet Core，EPC)设备，例如，会话管理功能+核心网络的数据网关(Session Management Function+Core Packet Gateway，SMF+PGW-C)设备。应理解，SMF+PGW-C可以同时实现SMF和PGW-C所能实现的功能。在网络演进过程中，上述核心网设备也有可能叫其它名字，或者通过对核心网的功能进行划分形成新的网络实体，对此本申请实施例不做限制。
通信系统100中的各个功能单元之间还可以通过下一代网络(next generation，NG)接口建立连接实现通信。
例如，终端设备通过NR接口与接入网设备建立空口连接，用于传输用户面数据和控制面信令；终端设备可以通过NG接口1(简称N1)与AMF建立控制面信令连接；接入网设备例如下一代无线接入基站(gNB)，可以通过NG接口3(简称N3)与UPF建立用户面数据连接；接入网设备可以通过NG接口2(简称N2)与AMF建立控制面信令连接；UPF可以通过NG接口4(简称N4)与SMF建立控制面信令连接；UPF可以通过NG接口6(简称N6)与数据网络交互用户面数据；AMF可以通过NG接口11(简称N11)与SMF建立控制面信令连接；SMF可以通过NG接口7(简称N7)与PCF建立控制面信令连接。
图1示例性地示出了一个基站、一个核心网设备和两个终端设备，可选地，该无线通信系统100可以包括多个基站设备并且每个基站的覆盖范围内可以包括其它数量的终端设备，本申请实施例对此不做限定。
需要说明的是，图1只是以示例的形式示意本申请所适用的系统，当然，本申请实施例所示的方法还可以适用于其它系统。此外，本文中术语“系统”和“网络”在本文中常被可互换使用。本文中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。还应理解，在本申请的实施例中提到的“指示”可以是直接指示，也可以是间接指示，还可以是表示具有关联关系。举例说明，A指示B，可以表示A直接指示B，例如B可以通过A获取；也可以表示A间接指示B，例如A指示C，B可以通过C获取；还可以表示A和B之间具有关联关系。还应理解，在本申请的实施例中提到的“对应”可表示两者之间具有直接对应或间接对应的关系，也可以表示两者之间具有关联关系，也可以是指示与被指示、配置与被配置等关系。还应理解，在本申请的实施例中提到的“预定义”或“预定义规则”可以通过在设备(例如，包括终端设备和网络设备)中预先保存相应的代码、表格或其他可用于指示相关信息的方式来实现，本申请对于其具体的实现方式不做限定。比如预定义可以是指协议中定义的。还应理解，本申请实施例中，所述"协议"可以指通信领域的标准协议，例如可以包括LTE协议、NR协议以及应用于未来的通信系统中的相关协议，本申请对此不做限定。
为便于理解本申请实施例的技术方案，以下对本申请实施例的相关技术进行说明，以下相关技术作为可选方案与本申请实施例的技术方案可以进行任意结合，其均属于本申请实施例的保护范围。
零功耗通信技术原理
零功耗(Zero Power)通信采用能量采集和反向散射通信技术。零功耗通信系统由网络设备和零功耗终端构成，如图2所示。其中，网络设备用于向零功耗终端发送供能信号(也即无线电波)、下行通信信号以及接收零功耗终端的反向散射信号。作为示例，零功耗终端包括能量采集模块，反向散射通信模块以及低功耗计算模块。此外，零功耗终端还可具备存储器和/或传感器，存储器用于存储一些基本信息(如物品标识等)，传感器用于获取环境温度、环境湿度等传感数据。
以下对零功耗通信的关键技术做进一步说明。
(1)能量采集(Power Harvesting)
图3是能量采集的原理图，如图3所示，能量采集模块基于电磁感应原理实现对空间电磁波能量的采集，进而获得驱动零功耗终端工作所需的能量，实现对负载电路的驱动(如对低功耗计算模块、传感器等的驱动)。因此，零功耗终端无需传统电池，实现了免电池通信。
作为示例，能量采集模块是指射频能量采集模块，射频能量采集模块可以采集空间中的无线电波携带的能量，实现对空间电磁波能量的采集。
(2)反向散射通信(Back Scattering)
图4是反向散射通信的原理图，如图4所示，零功耗终端接收网络设备发送的无线信号(即图4中的载波)，对该无线信号进行调制，即在无线信号上加载需要发送的信息，并将调制后的信号从天线辐射出去，这一信息传输过程称之为反向散射通信。
反向散射通信和负载调制功能密不可分，负载调制是零功耗终端经常使用的加载信息的方法。负载调制通过对零功耗终端的振荡回路的电路参数按照数据流的节拍进行调节和控制，使零功耗终端的阻抗的大小和/或相位随之改变，从而完成调制的过程。负载调制技术主要包括电阻负载调制和电容负载调制两种方式。
如图5所示，在电阻负载调制中，负载并联一个电阻，称为负载调制电阻，该电阻基于二进制数据流的控制接通或断开，电阻的通断会导致电路电压的变化，因此实现幅度键控调制(ASK)，即通过调整零功耗终端的反向散射信号的幅度大小实现信号的调制。类似地，在电容负载调制中，负载并联一个电容，称为负载调制电容，该电容取代了图5中负载调制电阻，通过电容的通断可以实现电路谐振频率的变化，因此实现频率键控调制(FSK)，即通过调整零功耗终端的反向散射信号的工作频率实现信号的调制。
可见，零功耗终端借助于负载调制的方式，对来波信号进行信息调制，从而实现反向散射通信过程。因此，零功耗终端具有以下显著的优点：一方面，零功耗终端不主动发射信号，因此不需要复杂的射频链路，如功率放大器、射频滤波器等。另一方面，零功耗终端不需要主动产生高频信号，因此不需要高频晶振。再一方面，零功耗终端借助反向散射通信，其传输过程不需要消耗零功耗终端自身的能量。
零功耗通信的编码方式
零功耗终端传输的数据，可以用不同形式的代码来表示二进制的“1”和“0”。无线射频识别系统通常使用下列编码方法中的一种：反向不归零(Non Return Zero，NRZ)编码、曼彻斯特(Manchester)编码、单极性归零(Unipolar RZ)编码、差动双相(DBP)编码、米勒(Miller)编码以及差动编码。用不同形式的代码来表示二进制的“1”和“0”，也可以理解为，用不同的脉冲信号表示0和1。以下对几种编号方式进行说明。
(1)反向不归零编码
反向不归零编码用高电平表示二进制的“1”，低电平表示二进制的“0”，如图6所示。
(2)曼彻斯特编码
曼彻斯特编码也被称为分相编码(Split-Phase Coding)。在曼彻斯特编码中，某位的值是由该位长度内半个位周期时电平的变化(上升/下降)来表示的，在半个位周期时的负跳变表示二进制的“1”，半个位周期时的正跳变表示二进制的“0″，如图7所示。
曼彻斯特编码在采用载波的负载调制或者反向散射调制时，通常用于从零功耗终端到网络设备的数据传输，因为这有利于发现数据传输的错误。这是因为在位长度内，“没有变化”的状态是不允许的。当多个零功耗终端同时发送的数据位有不同值时，接收的上升边和下降边互相抵消，导致在整个位长度内是不间断的载波信号，由于该状态不允许，所以网络设备利用该错误就可以判定碰撞发生的具体位置。
(3)单极性归零编码
单极性归零编码在第一个半个位周期中的高电平表示二进制的“1”，而持续整个位周期内的低电平信号表示二进制的“0”，如图8所示。单极性归零编码可用来提取位同步信号。
(4)差动双相编码
差动双相编码在半个位周期中的任意的边沿表示二进制的“0”，而没有边沿就是二进制的“1”，如图9所示。此外，在每个位周期开始时，电平都要反相。因此，对接收端来说，位节拍比较容易重建。
(5)米勒(Miller)编码
米勒编码在半个位周期内的任意边沿表示二进制的“1”，而经过下一个位周期中不变的电平表示二进制的“0”。位周期开始时产生电平交变，如图10所示。因此，对接收器来说，位节拍比较容易重建。
(6)差动编码
在差动编码中，每个要传输的二进制“1”都会引起信号电平的变化，而对于二进制“0”，信号电平保持不变。
零功耗终端的分类
基于零功耗终端的能量来源以及使用方式可以将零功耗终端分为如下类型：
(1)无源零功耗终端
零功耗终端不需要内装电池，零功耗终端接近网络设备时，零功耗终端处于网络设备天线辐射形成的近场范围内，因此，零功耗终端的天线通过电磁感应产生感应电流，感应电流驱动零功耗终端的低功耗计算模块(也即低功耗芯片电路)工作，实现对前向链路信号的解调，以及后向链路的信号调制等工作。对于反向散射链路，零功耗终端使用反向散射实现方式进行信号的传输。
可以看出，无源零功耗终端无论是前向链路还是反向链路都不需要内置电池来驱动，是一种真正意义的零功耗终端。
由于无源零功耗终端不需要电池，因而无源零功耗终端的射频电路以及基带电路都非常简单，例如不需要低噪声放大器(LNA)、功率放大器(PA)、晶振、ADC等，因此具有体积小、重量轻、价格便宜、使用寿命长等诸多优点。
(2)半无源零功耗终端
半无源零功耗终端自身也不安装常规电池，但可使用能量采集模块采集无线电波能量，同时将采集的能量存储于一个储能单元(如电容)中。储能单元获得能量后，可以驱动零功耗终端的低功耗计算模块(也即低功耗芯片电路)工作，实现对前向链路信号的解调，以及后向链路的信号调制等工作。对于反向散射链路，零功耗终端使用反向散射实现方式进行信号的传输。
可以看出，半无源零功耗终端无论是前向链路还是反向链路都不需要内置电池来驱动，虽然工作中使用了电容储存的能量，但能量来源于能量采集模块采集的无线电波的能量，因此也是一种真正意义的零功耗终端。
半无源零功耗终端继承了无源零功耗终端的诸多优点，因此具有体积小、重量轻、价格便宜、使用寿命长等诸多优点。
(3)有源零功耗终端
有些场景下使用的零功耗终端也可以为有源零功耗终端，该类终端可以内置电池。电池用于驱动零功耗终端的低功耗计算模块(也即低功耗芯片电路)工作，实现对前向链路信号的解调，以及后向链路的信号调制等工作。但对于反向散射链路，零功耗终端使用反向散射实现方式进行信号的传输。因此，这类终端的零功耗主要体现于反向链路的信号传输不需要终端自身功率，而是使用反向散射的方式。
有源零功耗终端，内置电池向射频芯片供电，以增加通信距离，提高通信的可靠性。因此在一些对通信距离，通信时延等方面要求相对较高的场景得以应用。
蜂窝无源物联网
随着行业应用增加，连接物的种类和应用场景越来越多，对通信终端的价格和功耗也将有更高要求。免电池、低成本的无源物联网设备的应用成为蜂窝物联网的关键技术，充实了网络链接终端类型和数量，真正实现万物互联。其中，无源物联网设备可以基于零功耗通信技术，如无线射频识别(Radio Frequency Identification，RFID)技术，并在此基础上进行延伸，以适用于蜂窝物联网。
零功耗终端需要采集网络设备发送的无线电波的能量，在获得能量后才可以驱动自身进行工作。因此，在获得能量之前，零功耗终端是处于“关机”状态的，即此时不能接收网络设备发送的信号，也不能向网络设备发送信号。
由于零功耗终端具有供能受限、传输数据量小、处理能力有限等特点，所以通信系统要求简单且适用。而目前的通信系统(如LTE系统和NR系统)过于复杂，不能满足零功耗终端通信的要求。
为此，提出了本申请实施例的以下技术方案。需要说明的是，本申请实施例的技术方案可以应用于5G，也可以应用于6G，或者未来通信系统。
为便于理解本申请实施例的技术方案，以下通过具体实施例详述本申请的技术方案。以上相关技术作为可选方案与本申请实施例的技术方案可以进行任意结合，其均属于本申请实施例的保护范围。本申请实施例包括以下内容中的至少部分内容。
图11是本申请实施例提供的零功耗通信系统的架构图，如图11所示，该系统包括以下至少之一：零功耗终端、接入网节点、核心网节点、数据中心节点以及业务控制节点；其中，
所述零功耗终端，能够与所述接入网节点进行通信；
所述接入网节点，能够与所述零功耗终端和所述接入网节点中的至少之一进行通信；
所述核心网节点，能够与所述接入网节点、所述数据中心节点和所述业务控制节点中的至少之一进行通信；
所述数据中心节点，能够与所述核心网节点和所述业务控制节点中的至少之一进行通信；
所述业务控制节点，能够与所述核心网节点和所述数据中心节点中的至少之一进行通信。
需要说明的是，零功耗通信系统可以包括上述全部的功能节点，也可以包括上述部分的功能节点。不局限于此，零功耗通信系统除了包括上述全部或部分功能节点以外，还可以包括其他的功能节点。
以下对零功耗通信系统中的各个功能节点进行描述。
1)零功耗终端
在一些可选实施方式中，所述零功耗终端包括：能量采集模块和通信模块；其中，所述能量采集模块，用于采集无线电波的能量，将能量提供给所述通信模块；所述通信模块，用于进行所述零功耗终端与所述接入网节点之间的信号传输。
在一些可选实施方式中，所述能量采集模块为RF能量采集模块。零功耗终端可以通过使用RF能量采集模块采集无线电波的能量，通过采集的能量驱动零功耗终端进行工作。
在一些可选实施方式中，所述通信模块，用于使用反向散射通信的方式，进行所述零功耗终端与所述接入网节点之间的信号传输。这里，所述通信模块可以是反向散射通信模块，零功耗终端可以使用反向散射通信模块按照反向散射通信的方式进行信号的传输。
进一步，可选地，所述零功耗终端还包括：低功耗计算模块。这里，作为示例，低功耗计算模块可以包括低功耗解调模块和/或低功耗调制模块。
进一步，可选地，所述零功耗终端还包括：传感器，用于获取传感数据。这里，作为示例，传感器可以是温度传感器、湿度传感器等。
在一些可选实施方式中，所述零功耗终端可以是RFID标签。
需要说明的是，零功耗终端的理解可以参照前述有关“零功耗终端”的描述。
2)接入网节点
接入网节点也即是无线接入网节点(RAN node)。作为示例，接入网节点可以是基站节点。
在一些可选实施方式中，所述接入网节点可以但不局限于是5G接入网节点或者6G接入网节点。
在一些可选实施方式中，所述接入网节点，用于：向所述零功耗终端发送无线电波，所述无线电波用于为所述零功耗终端供能；和/或，为所述零功耗终端提供通信链路，所述通信链路用于所述零功耗终端与所述接入网节点之间的信号传输。
3)核心网节点
在一些可选实施方式中，所述核心网节点可以但不局限于是5G核心网节点或者6G核心网节点。
以5G核心网节点为例，所述核心网节点可以包括以下至少一种网元：AMF、UDP。
在一些可选实施方式中，所述核心网节点，用于执行以下至少之一：接收零功耗终端的数据；处理零功耗终端的数据；控制零功耗终端的业务；管理零功耗终端的业务。
在一些可选实施方式中，所述核心网节点，用于提供网关等功能。
4)数据中心节点
在一些可选实施方式中，所述数据中心节点可以是统一数据管理网元(Unified Data Management，UDM)。
在一些可选实施方式中，所述数据中心节点，用于存储以下至少之一：零功耗终端的签约数据、零功耗终端的通信相关配置。
进一步，可选地，所述通信相关配置包括以下至少之一：承载配置、零功耗终端标识、安全配置、业务标识。
5)业务控制节点
在一些可选实施方式中，所述业务控制节点可以是蜂窝物联网业务(Cellular Internet of Things service，CIoT service)控制节点。
在一些可选实施方式中，所述业务控制节点，用于执行以下至少之一：配置零功耗终端的业务相关配置；管理零功耗终端的零功耗终端标识；管理零功耗终端的业务。
进一步，可选地，所述管理零功耗终端的业务包括以下至少之一：开启零功耗终端的业务；关闭零功耗终端的业务。
本申请实施例中，零功耗终端与接入网节点之间的接口为第一接口。在一些可选实施方式中，所述第一接口可以称为Uu接口。
本申请实施例中，接入网节点与核心网节点之间的接口为第二接口。在一些可选实施方式中，所述第二接口可以称为NG接口。
需要说明的是，零功耗通信系统中的以上功能节点的数目可以是一个，也可以是多个。例如，零功耗通信系统中的零功耗终端的数目可以是一个或者多个，本申请对此不做限定。
本申请实施例的技术方案，为了便于零功耗终端的通信和业务数据传输，明确了以下内容：零功耗终端相关的标识、零功耗终端的状态、零功耗终端的协议栈、以及零功耗终端的数据传输方式，以下对这些内容进行说明。
零功耗终端相关的标识
1)零功耗终端标识
本申请实施例中，所述零功耗终端具有零功耗终端标识，所述零功耗终端标识包括以下至少之一：零功耗业务标识、终端组标识、终端标识。
1)在一些可选实施方式中，所述零功耗终端标识包括零功耗业务标识和终端标识。
这里，终端标识在零功耗业务标识对应的零功耗业务内进行编号，也就是说，终端标识在零功耗业务标识对应的零功耗业务内唯一标识一个零功耗终端。
需要说明的是，本申请实施例中关于“终端标识”的描述也可以被替换为“UE id”。
作为示例，如图12所示，零功耗终端标识包括IOT业务标识(IoT service id)和UE专用标识(UE specific id)，这里，IoT service id即为零功耗业务标识，UE specific id即为终端标识。
2)在一些可选实施方式中，所述零功耗终端标识包括零功耗业务标识、终端组标识以及终端标识。
这里，零功耗业务标识对应的零功耗业务关联一个或多个终端组，每个终端组具有一个终端组标识。终端标识在终端组标识对应的终端组内进行编号，也就是说，终端标识在终端组标识对应的终端组内唯一标识一个零功耗终端。
需要说明的是，本申请实施例中关于“终端标识”的描述也可以被替换为“UE id”。
需要说明的是，本申请实施例中关于“终端组标识”的描述也可以被替换为“UE group id”。
作为示例，如图13所示，零功耗终端标识包括IOT业务标识(IoT service id)、UE组标识(UE group id)和UE专用标识(UE specific id)，这里，IoT service id即为零功耗业务标识，UE group id即为终端组标识，UE specific id即为终端标识。
2)零功耗业务标识
本申请实施例中，所述零功耗业务标识包括以下至少之一：国家码、区域码、业务类别、业务组标识、业务标识。
1)在一些可选实施方式中，如图14所示，所述业务标识包括国家码(Country code)、区域码(District code)、业务类别(Service cat)以及业务标识(Service id)。
2)在一些可选实施方式中，如图15所示，所述业务标识包括国家码(Country code)、区域码(District code)、业务类别(Service cat)、业务组标识(Service group id)以及业务标识(Service id)。
需要说明的是，上述零功耗业务标识的相关方案可以结合到上述零功耗终端标识的相关方案中。
3)零功耗终端的组标识
1)在一些可选实施方式中，所述零功耗终端的组标识包括所述零功耗业务标识和所述终端组标识。
这里，零功耗业务标识对应的零功耗业务关联一个或多个终端组，每个终端组具有一个终端组标识。终端组标识在零功耗业务标识对应的零功耗业务内进行编号，也就是说，终端组标识在零功耗业务标识对应的零功耗业务内唯一标识一个终端组。因此，零功耗终端的组标识包括零功耗业务标识和终端组标识，通过零功耗终端的组标识可以绝对唯一标识一个终端组。
2)在一些可选实施方式中，所述零功耗终端的组标识通过一个数值进行标识。
这里，可以通过一个数值(例如整数值)来唯一标识一个终端组，该数值可以理解为零功耗终端的组标识，同样也可以理解为终端组标识。通过零功耗终端的组标识可以绝对唯一标识一个终端组。
上述方案中，终端组包括一个或多个零功耗终端。
4)零功耗终端的业务的组标识
1)在一些可选实施方式中，所述零功耗终端的业务的组标识包括国家码、区域码、业务类别和业务组标识。
这里，一套国家码、区域码以及业务类别关联一个或多个业务组，每个业务组具有一个业务组标识。因此，零功耗终端的业务的组标识包括国家码、区域码、业务类别和业务组标识。通过零功耗终端的业务的组标识可以绝对唯一标识一个业务组。
2)在一些可选实施方式中，所述零功耗终端的业务的组标识通过一个数值进行标识。
这里，可以通过一个数值(例如整数值)来唯一标识一个业务组，该数值可以理解为零功耗终端的业务的组标识，同样也可以理解为业务组标识。通过零功耗终端的业务的组标识可以绝对唯一标识一个业务组。
上述方案中，业务组包括一个或多个业务。
零功耗终端的状态
本申请实施例中，所述零功耗终端的状态包括以下至少之一：第一状态，所述第一状态对应于所述零功耗终端的普通状态；第二状态，所述第二状态对应于所述零功耗终端的被杀死状态。
这里，普通状态(Normal state)也可以称为激活状态或者有效状态。
这里，被杀死状态(Killed state)也可以称为去激活状态或者无效状态。
这里，从应用层面或者非接入(NAS)层面来说，零功耗终端的状态分为第一状态和第二状态。作为示例，如图16所示，零功耗终端的状态有普通状态(Normal state)和被杀死状态(Killed state)。
在一些可选实施方式中，所述零功耗终端处于所述第一状态下，存在以下至少一种特性：
所述零功耗终端的配置信息存储于所述零功耗终端内和所述数据中心节点内；
所述零功耗终端的能量采集模块和/或通信模块开始工作。
这里，当零功耗终端投入使用时，零功耗终端处于所述第一状态，零功耗终端相关的配置信息，例如零功耗终端的相关标识、安全配置等信息被同时写入零功耗终端内和数据中心节点。同时，零功耗终端可以随时开启使用能量采集模块采集无线电波的能量。
在一些可选实施方式中，所述零功耗终端处于所述第二状态下，存在以下至少一种特性：
所述零功耗终端的配置信息在所述数据中心节点内被删除；
所述零功耗终端的能量采集模块和通信模块停止工作；
所述零功耗终端的零功耗终端标识被回收。
这里，当零功耗终端使用结束时，零功耗终端处于所述第二状态，零功耗终端的零功耗终端标识被回收。同时，零功耗终端的能量采集模块停止工作。同时，数据中心节点中存储的零功耗终端的配置信息被释放删除。
进一步，在一些可选实施方式中，所述第一状态包括以下至少之一：休眠状态(dormant state)、充电状态(charge state)、工作状态(working state)。
这里，从AS层面来说，零功耗终端的状态分为休眠状态、充电状态以及工作状态。作为示例，如图16所示，零功耗终端可以在这三个状态之间进行转换，需要说明的是，这三个状态在应用层面或者NAS层面来说都属于普通状态。
在一些可选实施方式中，所述零功耗终端处于所述休眠状态下，存在以下特性：
所述零功耗终端的能量采集模块准备被开启以采集无线电波的能量。
这里，零功耗终端投入使用的默认状态为休眠状态，此时零功耗终端处于没有电的状态，随时准备开启使用能量采集模块采集无线电波的能量。
在一些可选实施方式中，所述零功耗终端处于所述充电状态下，存在以下特性：
所述零功耗终端的能量采集模块被开启以采集无线电波的能量。
这里，充电状态是指零功耗终端的能量采集模块开始采集无线电波的能量的状态。
在一些可选实施方式中，所述零功耗终端处于所述工作状态下，存在以下特性：
所述零功耗终端的通信模块被开启以进行所述零功耗终端与所述接入网节点之间的信号传输。
这里，工作状态是指零功耗终端和接入网节点之间进行通信的状态。作为示例，零功耗终端和接入网节点之间的通信包括：下行通信和/或上行通信。这里，对于下行通信来说，零功耗终端接收接入网节点发送的信号。对于上行通信来说，零功耗终端向接入网节点发送信号。
本申请实施例中，所述零功耗终端能够在所述休眠状态、所述充电状态以及所述工作状态中的任意两种状态之间进行转换。
这里，由于休眠状态、充电状态以及工作状态，是零功耗终端在AS层的状态，因此，零功耗终端在这这三个状态之间的转换不用通知网络侧，也就是对网络侧是透明的。
本申请实施例中，所述零功耗终端能够从所述第一状态转换至所述第二状态。进一步，可选地，所述零功耗终端基于网络侧的命令从所述第一状态转换至所述第二状态。作为示例，所述网络侧的命令为NAS信令或者RRC信令。
这里，可以通过来自网络侧的命令(例如NAS信令，RRC信令等)使得处于第一状态的零功耗终端进入第二状态。需要说明的是，处于第二状态的零功耗终端不可以逆转换为第一状态。
零功耗终端的协议栈
控制面协议栈
本申请实施例中，为了满足零功耗终端的通信需求，明确了控制面协议栈。这里，如果零功耗终端和核心网节点(如AMF)之间不需要直接通信，则可以不使用非接入(Non-Access Stratrum，NAS)层。同时，对于传输的信令，如果没有频繁的传输信令或者信令传输没有安全需求或者信令传输的安全需求在上层完成，则可以不采用无线链路控制(Radio Link Control，RLC)层和分组数据汇聚协议(Packet Data Convergence Protocol，PDCP)层。此外，如果无线资源控制(Radio Resource Control，RRC)层负责了媒体接入控制(Media Access Control，MAC)层的功能，则可以不采用MAC层。据此，按照零功耗终端的特性，其控制面协议栈可以有如下几种选择。
1)方式一
如图17所示，所述零功耗终端与所述接入网节点之间的控制面协议栈包括：RRC层、MAC层和物理(PHY)层；所述零功耗终端与核心网节点之间的不存在控制面协议栈。
在一些可选实施方式中，所述RRC层的功能包括以下至少之一：传输RRC信令，所述RRC信令用于承载下行信令和/或上行信令；对待传输的RRC信令进行分段，所述分段与一个段号对应；其中，所述RRC信令与一个序列号关联。
这里，RRC信令用于零功耗终端接收网络侧下发的下行命信令和/或用于零功耗终端向网络侧发送上行信令。如果RRC信令比较大，则RRC层可以对于要传输的RRC信令进行分段，其中，每个分段都有一个段号与之对应。每个RRC信令都有一个序列号与之关联。
在一些可选实施方式中，所述MAC层的功能包括以下至少之一：数据和/或信令的复用处理；数据和/或信令的解复用处理；将传输块(TB)递交给PHY层；对TB进行分段处理。
这里，MAC层用于将数据和/或信令复用在TB中，将TB递交给PHY层。如果形成的TB的较大，则MAC层可以对于TB进行分段处理。
在一些可选实施方式中，所述PHY层的功能包括以下至少之一：数据的处理；数据的发送。
2)方式二
如图18所示，所述零功耗终端与所述接入网节点之间的控制面协议栈包括：RRC层、MAC层和PHY层；所述零功耗终端与核心网节点之间的控制面协议栈包括：NAS层。
在一些可选实施方式中，所述RRC层的功能包括以下至少之一：传输RRC信令，所述RRC信令用于承载下行信令和/或上行信令；对待传输的RRC信令进行分段，所述分段与一个段号对应；其中，所述RRC信令与一个序列号关联。
这里，RRC信令用于零功耗终端接收网络侧下发的下行命信令和/或用于零功耗终端向网络侧发送上行信令。如果RRC信令比较大，则RRC层可以对于要传输的RRC信令进行分段，其中，每个分段都有一个段号与之对应。每个RRC信令都有一个序列号与之关联。
在一些可选实施方式中，所述MAC层的功能包括以下至少之一：数据和/或信令的复用处理；数据和/或信令的解复用处理；将传输块(TB)递交给PHY层；对TB进行分段处理。
这里，MAC层用于将数据和/或信令复用在TB中，将TB递交给PHY层。如果形成的TB的较大，则MAC层可以对于TB进行分段处理。
在一些可选实施方式中，所述PHY层的功能包括以下至少之一：数据的处理；数据的发送。
在一些可选实施方式中，所述NAS层用于传输NAS信令，所述NAS信令用于以下至少之一：承载数据和/或信令；零功耗终端上报信息给核心网节点；核心网节点给零功耗终端发送信息。
3)方式三
如图19所示，所述零功耗终端与所述接入网节点之间的控制面协议栈包括：RRC层、PDCP层、MAC层和PHY层；所述零功耗终端与核心网节点之间的不存在控制面协议栈。
在一些可选实施方式中，所述RRC层的功能包括以下至少之一：传输RRC信令，所述RRC信令用于承载下行信令和/或上行信令；对待传输的RRC信令进行分段，所述分段与一个段号对应；其中，所述RRC信令与一个序列号关联。
这里，RRC信令用于零功耗终端接收网络侧下发的下行命信令和/或用于零功耗终端向网络侧发送上行信令。如果RRC信令比较大，则RRC层可以对于要传输的RRC信令进行分段，其中，每个分段都有一个段号与之对应。每个RRC信令都有一个序列号与之关联。
在一些可选实施方式中，所述PDCP层的功能包括以下至少之一：安全保护、重排序、重复检测、维护SN。
在一些可选实施方式中，所述MAC层的功能包括以下至少之一：数据和/或信令的复用处理；数据和/或信令的解复用处理；将传输块(TB)递交给PHY层；对TB进行分段处理。
这里，MAC层用于将数据和/或信令复用在TB中，将TB递交给PHY层。如果形成的TB的较大，则MAC层可以对于TB进行分段处理。
在一些可选实施方式中，所述PHY层的功能包括以下至少之一：数据的处理；数据的发送。
4)方式四
如图20所示，所述零功耗终端与所述接入网节点之间的控制面协议栈包括：RRC层、PDCP层、MAC层和PHY层；所述零功耗终端与核心网节点之间的控制面协议栈包括：NAS层。
在一些可选实施方式中，所述RRC层的功能包括以下至少之一：传输RRC信令，所述RRC信令用于承载下行信令和/或上行信令；对待传输的RRC信令进行分段，所述分段与一个段号对应；其中，所述RRC信令与一个序列号关联。
这里，RRC信令用于零功耗终端接收网络侧下发的下行命信令和/或用于零功耗终端向网络侧发送上行信令。如果RRC信令比较大，则RRC层可以对于要传输的RRC信令进行分段，其中，每个分段都有一个段号与之对应。每个RRC信令都有一个序列号与之关联。
在一些可选实施方式中，所述PDCP层的功能包括以下至少之一：安全保护、重排序、重复检测、维护SN。
在一些可选实施方式中，所述MAC层的功能包括以下至少之一：数据和/或信令的复用处理；数据和/或信令的解复用处理；将传输块(TB)递交给PHY层；对TB进行分段处理。
这里，MAC层用于将数据和/或信令复用在TB中，将TB递交给PHY层。如果形成的TB的较大，则MAC层可以对于TB进行分段处理。
在一些可选实施方式中，所述PHY层的功能包括以下至少之一：数据的处理；数据的发送。
在一些可选实施方式中，所述NAS层用于传输NAS信令，所述NAS信令用于以下至少之一：承载数据和/或信令；零功耗终端上报信息给核心网节点；核心网节点给零功耗终端发送信息。
5)方式五
如图21所示，所述零功耗终端与所述接入网节点之间的控制面协议栈包括：RRC层和PHY层；所述零功耗终端与核心网节点之间的不存在控制面协议栈。
在一些可选实施方式中，所述RRC层的功能包括以下至少之一：传输RRC信令，所述RRC信令用于承载下行信令和/或上行信令；对待传输的RRC信令进行分段，所述分段与一个段号对应；其中，所述RRC信令与一个序列号关联；数据和/或信令的复用处理；数据和/或信令的解复用处理；将TB递交给PHY层；对TB进行分段处理。
这里，所述RRC层的功能包括了原有的RRC层的功能以及MAC层的功能。
在一些可选实施方式中，所述PHY层的功能包括以下至少之一：数据的处理；数据的发送。
6)方式六
如图22所示，所述零功耗终端与所述接入网节点之间的控制面协议栈包括：RRC层和PHY层；所述零功耗终端与核心网节点之间的控制面协议栈包括：NAS层。
在一些可选实施方式中，所述RRC层的功能包括以下至少之一：传输RRC信令，所述RRC信令用于承载下行信令和/或上行信令；对待传输的RRC信令进行分段，所述分段与一个段号对应；其中，所述RRC信令与一个序列号关联；数据和/或信令的复用处理；数据和/或信令的解复用处理；将TB递交给PHY层；对TB进行分段处理。
这里，所述RRC层的功能包括了原有的RRC层的功能以及MAC层的功能。
在一些可选实施方式中，所述PHY层的功能包括以下至少之一：数据的处理；数据的发送。
在一些可选实施方式中，所述NAS层用于传输NAS信令，所述NAS信令用于以下至少之一：承载数据和/或信令；零功耗终端上报信息给核心网节点；核心网节点给零功耗终端发送信息。
需要说明的是，上述方案中的核心网节点可以是AMF，这里是以5G为例。但不局限于此，核心网节点还可以是6G中的其他网元。
用户面协议栈
本申请实施例中，为了满足零功耗终端的通信需求，明确了用户面协议栈。按照零功耗终端的特性，其控制面协议栈可以有如下几种选择。
1)方式一
如图23所示，所述零功耗终端与所述接入网节点之间的用户面协议栈包括：MAC层和PHY层。
在一些可选实施方式中，所述MAC层的功能包括以下至少之一：数据和/或信令的复用处理；数据和/或信令的解复用处理；将传输块(TB)递交给PHY层；对TB进行分段处理。
这里，MAC层用于将数据和/或信令复用在TB中，将TB递交给PHY层。如果形成的TB的较大，则MAC层可以对于TB进行分段处理。
在一些可选实施方式中，所述PHY层的功能包括以下至少之一：数据的处理；数据的发送。
2)方式二
如图24所示，所述零功耗终端与所述接入网节点之间的用户面协议栈包括：PDCP层、MAC层和PHY层。
在一些可选实施方式中，所述PDCP层的功能包括以下至少之一：安全保护、重排序、重复检测、维护SN。
在一些可选实施方式中，所述MAC层的功能包括以下至少之一：数据和/或信令的复用处理；数据和/或信令的解复用处理；将传输块(TB)递交给PHY层；对TB进行分段处理。
这里，MAC层用于将数据和/或信令复用在TB中，将TB递交给PHY层。如果形成的TB的较大，则MAC层可以对于TB进行分段处理。
在一些可选实施方式中，所述PHY层的功能包括以下至少之一：数据的处理；数据的发送。
零功耗终端的数据传输方式
本申请实施例中，所述零功耗终端对应的数据传输方式包括第一传输方式和/或第二传输方式。
在一些可选实施方式中，所述第一传输方式是指：所述零功耗终端与所述接入网节点之间通过RRC信令传输数据；所述接入网节点与所述核心网节点之间通过NGAP信令传输数据。
在一些可选实施方式中，所述第二传输方式是指：所述零功耗终端与所述接入网节点之间通过数据无线承载(Data Resource Bearer，DRB)传输数据；所述接入网节点与所述核心网节点之间通过GPRS隧道协议(GPRSTunnelingProtocol，GTP)隧道传输数据。
本申请实施例中，所述核心网节点，用于基于所述业务控制节点的地址，将所述零功耗终端的数据传输给所述业务控制节点或者将包括所述零功耗终端在内的至少一个零功耗终端的数据传输给所述业务控制节点。
本申请实施例中，按照零功耗终端的数据传输方式可以定义如下两种服务质量(QoS)模型和对应的承载。
1)第一传输方式对应的QoS模型
如图25所示，1、零功耗终端将要传输的数据通过RRC信令传输给接入网节点；2、接入网节点通过NGAP信令将数据传递给核心网节点；3、核心网节点根据业务控制节点的IP地址将数据传递给业务控制节点，或者核心网节点将搜集到的多个零功耗终端上传的数据打包传递给业务控制节点。
2)第二传输方式对应的QoS模型和对应的承载
如图26所示，1、零功耗终端将要传输的数据通过DRB传输给接入网节点；2、接入网节点通过GTP隧道将数据传递给核心网节点；3、核心网节点根据业务控制节点的IP地址将数据传递给业务控制节点，或者核心网节点将搜集到的多个零功耗终端上传的数据打包传递给业务控制节点。这里，GTP隧道也即NG-U隧道。
需要说明的是，由于零功耗终端的数据量较小，所以只需要一个DRB即可。
本申请实施例的技术方案，明确了零功耗终端所在的零功耗通信系统的网络架构，进一步，明确了零功耗终端的相关标识、零功耗终端的状态、零功耗通信的控制面协议栈和用户面协议栈、以 及零功耗终端的数据传输方式，使得零功耗终端的通信成为可能。
以上结合附图详细描述了本申请的优选实施方式，但是，本申请并不限于上述实施方式中的具体细节，在本申请的技术构思范围内，可以对本申请的技术方案进行多种简单变型，这些简单变型均属于本申请的保护范围。例如，在上述具体实施方式中所描述的各个具体技术特征，在不矛盾的情况下，可以通过任何合适的方式进行组合，为了避免不必要的重复，本申请对各种可能的组合方式不再另行说明。又例如，本申请的各种不同的实施方式之间也可以进行任意组合，只要其不违背本申请的思想，其同样应当视为本申请所公开的内容。又例如，在不冲突的前提下，本申请描述的各个实施例和/或各个实施例中的技术特征可以和现有技术任意的相互组合，组合之后得到的技术方案也应落入本申请的保护范围。
还应理解，在本申请的各种方法实施例中，上述各过程的序号的大小并不意味着执行顺序的先后，各过程的执行顺序应以其功能和内在逻辑确定，而不应对本申请实施例的实施过程构成任何限定。此外，在本申请实施例中，术语“下行”、“上行”和“侧行”用于表示信号或数据的传输方向，其中，“下行”用于表示信号或数据的传输方向为从站点发送至小区的用户设备的第一方向，“上行”用于表示信号或数据的传输方向为从小区的用户设备发送至站点的第二方向，“侧行”用于表示信号或数据的传输方向为从用户设备1发送至用户设备2的第三方向。例如，“下行信号”表示该信号的传输方向为第一方向。另外，本申请实施例中，术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系。具体地，A和/或B可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
本申请实施例还通过了一种通信方法，该通信方法应用于上述方案中的零功耗通信系统，所述方法包括：零功耗终端通过接入网节点与核心网节点、数据中心节点以及业务控制节点中的至少之一进行通信。
图27是本申请实施例提供的一种通信设备2700示意性结构图。该通信设备可以终端设备(如零功耗终端)，也可以是网络设备(如接入网节点、核心网节点、数据中心节点、业务控制节点)。图27所示的通信设备2700包括处理器2710，处理器2710可以从存储器中调用并运行计算机程序，以实现本申请实施例中的方法。
可选地，如图27所示，通信设备2700还可以包括存储器2720。其中，处理器2710可以从存储器2720中调用并运行计算机程序，以实现本申请实施例中的方法。
其中，存储器2720可以是独立于处理器2710的一个单独的器件，也可以集成在处理器2710中。
可选地，如图27所示，通信设备2700还可以包括收发器2730，处理器2710可以控制该收发器2730与其他设备进行通信，具体地，可以向其他设备发送信息或数据，或接收其他设备发送的信息或数据。
其中，收发器2730可以包括发射机和接收机。收发器2730还可以进一步包括天线，天线的数量可以为一个或多个。
可选地，该通信设备2700具体可为本申请实施例的网络设备，并且该通信设备2700可以实现本申请实施例的各个方法中由网络设备实现的相应流程，为了简洁，在此不再赘述。
可选地，该通信设备2700具体可为本申请实施例的零功耗终端，并且该通信设备2700可以实现本申请实施例的各个方法中由零功耗终端实现的相应流程，为了简洁，在此不再赘述。
图28是本申请实施例的芯片的示意性结构图。图28所示的芯片2800包括处理器2810，处理器2810可以从存储器中调用并运行计算机程序，以实现本申请实施例中的方法。
可选地，如图28所示，芯片2800还可以包括存储器2820。其中，处理器2810可以从存储器2820中调用并运行计算机程序，以实现本申请实施例中的方法。
其中，存储器2820可以是独立于处理器2810的一个单独的器件，也可以集成在处理器2810中。
可选地，该芯片2800还可以包括输入接口2830。其中，处理器2810可以控制该输入接口2830与其他设备或芯片进行通信，具体地，可以获取其他设备或芯片发送的信息或数据。
可选地，该芯片2800还可以包括输出接口2840。其中，处理器2810可以控制该输出接口2840与其他设备或芯片进行通信，具体地，可以向其他设备或芯片输出信息或数据。
可选地，该芯片可应用于本申请实施例中的网络设备，并且该芯片可以实现本申请实施例的各个方法中由网络设备实现的相应流程，为了简洁，在此不再赘述。
可选地，该芯片可应用于本申请实施例中的零功耗终端，并且该芯片可以实现本申请实施例的各个方法中由零功耗终端实现的相应流程，为了简洁，在此不再赘述。
应理解，本申请实施例提到的芯片还可以称为系统级芯片，系统芯片，芯片系统或片上系统芯 片等。
图29是本申请实施例提供的一种通信系统2900的示意性框图。如图29所示，该通信系统2900包括终端设备2910和网络设备2920。
其中，该终端设备2910可以用于实现上述方法中由零功耗终端实现的相应的功能，以及该网络设备2920可以用于实现上述方法中由网络设备实现的相应的功能为了简洁，在此不再赘述。
应理解，本申请实施例的处理器可能是一种集成电路芯片，具有信号的处理能力。在实现过程中，上述方法实施例的各步骤可以通过处理器中的硬件的集成逻辑电路或者软件形式的指令完成。上述的处理器可以是通用处理器、数字信号处理器(Digital Signal Processor，DSP)、专用集成电路(Application Specific Integrated Circuit，ASIC)、现成可编程门阵列(Field Programmable Gate Array，FPGA)或者其他可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件。可以实现或者执行本申请实施例中的公开的各方法、步骤及逻辑框图。通用处理器可以是微处理器或者该处理器也可以是任何常规的处理器等。结合本申请实施例所公开的方法的步骤可以直接体现为硬件译码处理器执行完成，或者用译码处理器中的硬件及软件模块组合执行完成。软件模块可以位于随机存储器，闪存、只读存储器，可编程只读存储器或者电可擦写可编程存储器、寄存器等本领域成熟的存储介质中。该存储介质位于存储器，处理器读取存储器中的信息，结合其硬件完成上述方法的步骤。
可以理解，本申请实施例中的存储器可以是易失性存储器或非易失性存储器，或可包括易失性和非易失性存储器两者。其中，非易失性存储器可以是只读存储器(Read-Only Memory，ROM)、可编程只读存储器(Programmable ROM，PROM)、可擦除可编程只读存储器(Erasable PROM，EPROM)、电可擦除可编程只读存储器(Electrically EPROM，EEPROM)或闪存。易失性存储器可以是随机存取存储器(Random Access Memory，RAM)，其用作外部高速缓存。通过示例性但不是限制性说明，许多形式的RAM可用，例如静态随机存取存储器(Static RAM，SRAM)、动态随机存取存储器(Dynamic RAM，DRAM)、同步动态随机存取存储器(Synchronous DRAM，SDRAM)、双倍数据速率同步动态随机存取存储器(Double Data Rate SDRAM，DDR SDRAM)、增强型同步动态随机存取存储器(Enhanced SDRAM，ESDRAM)、同步连接动态随机存取存储器(Synchlink DRAM，SLDRAM)和直接内存总线随机存取存储器(Direct Rambus RAM，DR RAM)。应注意，本文描述的系统和方法的存储器旨在包括但不限于这些和任意其它适合类型的存储器。
应理解，上述存储器为示例性但不是限制性说明，例如，本申请实施例中的存储器还可以是静态随机存取存储器(static RAM，SRAM)、动态随机存取存储器(dynamic RAM，DRAM)、同步动态随机存取存储器(synchronous DRAM，SDRAM)、双倍数据速率同步动态随机存取存储器(double data rate SDRAM，DDR SDRAM)、增强型同步动态随机存取存储器(enhanced SDRAM，ESDRAM)、同步连接动态随机存取存储器(synch link DRAM，SLDRAM)以及直接内存总线随机存取存储器(Direct Rambus RAM，DR RAM)等等。也就是说，本申请实施例中的存储器旨在包括但不限于这些和任意其它适合类型的存储器。
本申请实施例还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，用于存储计算机程序。
可选的，该计算机可读存储介质可应用于本申请实施例中的网络设备，并且该计算机程序使得计算机执行本申请实施例的各个方法中由网络设备实现的相应流程，为了简洁，在此不再赘述。
可选地，该计算机可读存储介质可应用于本申请实施例中的零功耗终端，并且该计算机程序使得计算机执行本申请实施例的各个方法中由零功耗终端实现的相应流程，为了简洁，在此不再赘述。
本申请实施例还提供了一种计算机程序产品，包括计算机程序指令。
可选的，该计算机程序产品可应用于本申请实施例中的网络设备，并且该计算机程序指令使得计算机执行本申请实施例的各个方法中由网络设备实现的相应流程，为了简洁，在此不再赘述。
可选地，该计算机程序产品可应用于本申请实施例中的零功耗终端，并且该计算机程序指令使得计算机执行本申请实施例的各个方法中由零功耗终端实现的相应流程，为了简洁，在此不再赘述。
本申请实施例还提供了一种计算机程序。
可选的，该计算机程序可应用于本申请实施例中的网络设备，当该计算机程序在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行本申请实施例的各个方法中由网络设备实现的相应流程，为了简洁，在此不再赘述。
可选地，该计算机程序可应用于本申请实施例中的零功耗终端，当该计算机程序在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行本申请实施例的各个方法中由零功耗终端实现的相应流程，为了简洁，在此不再赘述。
本领域普通技术人员可以意识到，结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的单元及算法步骤， 能够以电子硬件、或者计算机软件和电子硬件的结合来实现。这些功能究竟以硬件还是软件方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本申请的范围。
所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为描述的方便和简洁，上述描述的系统、装置和单元的具体工作过程，可以参考前述方法实施例中的对应过程，在此不再赘述。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的系统、装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，所述单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另一点，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口，装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接，可以是电性，机械或其它的形式。
所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。
另外，在本申请各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。
所述功能如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解，本申请的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分或者该技术方案的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机，服务器，或者网络设备等)执行本申请各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括：U盘、移动硬盘、只读存储器(Read-Only Memory，)ROM、随机存取存储器(Random Access Memory，RAM)、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应所述以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (51)

  1. 一种零功耗通信系统，包括以下至少之一：零功耗终端、接入网节点、核心网节点、数据中心节点以及业务控制节点；其中，
    所述零功耗终端，能够与所述接入网节点进行通信；
    所述接入网节点，能够与所述零功耗终端和所述接入网节点中的至少之一进行通信；
    所述核心网节点，能够与所述接入网节点、所述数据中心节点和所述业务控制节点中的至少之一进行通信；
    所述数据中心节点，能够与所述核心网节点和所述业务控制节点中的至少之一进行通信；
    所述业务控制节点，能够与所述核心网节点和所述数据中心节点中的至少之一进行通信。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述零功耗终端包括：能量采集模块和通信模块；
    所述能量采集模块，用于采集无线电波的能量，将能量提供给所述通信模块；
    所述通信模块，用于进行所述零功耗终端与所述接入网节点之间的信号传输。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的系统，其中，所述能量采集模块为射频RF能量采集模块。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的系统，其中，所述通信模块，用于使用反向散射通信的方式，进行所述零功耗终端与所述接入网节点之间的信号传输。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的系统，其中，所述接入网节点，用于：
    向所述零功耗终端发送无线电波，所述无线电波用于为所述零功耗终端供能；和/或，
    为所述零功耗终端提供通信链路，所述通信链路用于所述零功耗终端与所述接入网节点之间的信号传输。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的系统，其中，所述核心网节点，用于执行以下至少之一：
    接收零功耗终端的数据；
    处理零功耗终端的数据；
    控制零功耗终端的业务；
    管理零功耗终端的业务。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的系统，其中，所述数据中心节点，用于存储以下至少之一：
    零功耗终端的签约数据、零功耗终端的通信相关配置。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的系统，其中，所述通信相关配置包括以下至少之一：
    承载配置、零功耗终端标识、安全配置、业务标识。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的系统，其中，所述业务控制节点，用于执行以下至少之一：
    配置零功耗终端的业务相关配置；
    管理零功耗终端的零功耗终端标识；
    管理零功耗终端的业务。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的系统，其中，所述管理零功耗终端的业务包括以下至少之一：
    开启零功耗终端的业务；
    关闭零功耗终端的业务。
  11. 根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的系统，其中，所述零功耗终端具有零功耗终端标识，所述零功耗终端标识包括以下至少之一：零功耗业务标识、终端组标识、终端标识。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的系统，其中，
    所述零功耗终端标识包括零功耗业务标识和终端标识；或者，
    所述零功耗终端标识包括零功耗业务标识、终端组标识以及终端标识。
  13. 根据权利要求11或12所述的系统，其中，所述零功耗业务标识包括以下至少之一：
    国家码、区域码、业务类别、业务组标识、业务标识。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的系统，其中，
    所述业务标识包括国家码、区域码、业务类别以及业务标识；或者，
    所述业务标识包括国家码、区域码、业务类别、业务组标识以及业务标识。
  15. 根据权利要求13或14所述的系统，其中，
    所述零功耗终端的业务的组标识包括国家码、区域码、业务类别和业务组标识；或者，
    所述零功耗终端的业务的组标识通过一个数值进行标识。
  16. 根据权利要求11至15中任一项所述的系统，其中，
    所述零功耗终端的组标识包括所述零功耗业务标识和所述终端组标识；或者，
    所述零功耗终端的组标识通过一个数值进行标识。
  17. 根据权利要求1至16中任一项所述的系统，其中，所述零功耗终端的状态包括以下至少之一：
    第一状态，所述第一状态对应于所述零功耗终端的普通状态；
    第二状态，所述第二状态对应于所述零功耗终端的被杀死状态。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的系统，其中，所述零功耗终端处于所述第一状态下，存在以下至少一种特性：
    所述零功耗终端的配置信息存储于所述零功耗终端内和所述数据中心节点内；
    所述零功耗终端的能量采集模块和/或通信模块开始工作。
  19. 根据权利要求17所述的系统，其中，所述零功耗终端处于所述第二状态下，存在以下至少一种特性：
    所述零功耗终端的配置信息在所述数据中心节点内被删除；
    所述零功耗终端的能量采集模块和通信模块停止工作；
    所述零功耗终端的零功耗终端标识被回收。
  20. 根据权利要求17至19中任一项所述的系统，其中，所述第一状态包括以下至少之一：休眠状态、充电状态、工作状态。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的系统，其中，所述零功耗终端处于所述休眠状态下，存在以下特性：
    所述零功耗终端的能量采集模块准备被开启以采集无线电波的能量。
  22. 根据权利要求20所述的系统，其中，所述零功耗终端处于所述充电状态下，存在以下特性：
    所述零功耗终端的能量采集模块被开启以采集无线电波的能量。
  23. 根据权利要求20所述的系统，其中，所述零功耗终端处于所述工作状态下，存在以下特性：
    所述零功耗终端的通信模块被开启以进行所述零功耗终端与所述接入网节点之间的信号传输。
  24. 根据权利要求20至23中任一项所述的系统，其中，所述零功耗终端能够在所述休眠状态、所述充电状态以及所述工作状态中的任意两种状态之间进行转换。
  25. 根据权利要求17至24中任一项所述的系统，其中，所述零功耗终端能够从所述第一状态转换至所述第二状态。
  26. 根据权利要求25所述的系统，其中，所述零功耗终端基于网络侧的命令从所述第一状态转换至所述第二状态。
  27. 根据权利要求26所述的系统，其中，所述网络侧的命令为NAS信令或者RRC信令。
  28. 根据权利要求1至27中任一项所述的系统，其中，
    所述零功耗终端与所述接入网节点之间的控制面协议栈包括：RRC层、MAC层和PHY层；
    所述零功耗终端与核心网节点之间的不存在控制面协议栈。
  29. 根据权利要求1至27中任一项所述的系统，其中，
    所述零功耗终端与所述接入网节点之间的控制面协议栈包括：RRC层、MAC层和PHY层；
    所述零功耗终端与核心网节点之间的控制面协议栈包括：NAS层。
  30. 根据权利要求1至27中任一项所述的系统，其中，
    所述零功耗终端与所述接入网节点之间的控制面协议栈包括：RRC层、PDCP层、MAC层和PHY层；
    所述零功耗终端与核心网节点之间的不存在控制面协议栈。
  31. 根据权利要求1至27中任一项所述的系统，其中，
    所述零功耗终端与所述接入网节点之间的控制面协议栈包括：RRC层、PDCP层、MAC层和PHY层；
    所述零功耗终端与核心网节点之间的控制面协议栈包括：NAS层。
  32. 根据权利要求1至27中任一项所述的系统，其中，
    所述零功耗终端与所述接入网节点之间的控制面协议栈包括：RRC层和PHY层；
    所述零功耗终端与核心网节点之间的不存在控制面协议栈。
  33. 根据权利要求1至27中任一项所述的系统，其中，
    所述零功耗终端与所述接入网节点之间的控制面协议栈包括：RRC层和PHY层；
    所述零功耗终端与核心网节点之间的控制面协议栈包括：NAS层。
  34. 根据权利要求1至31中任一项所述的系统，其中，所述零功耗终端与所述接入网节点之间的用户面协议栈包括：MAC层和PHY层。
  35. 根据权利要求1至31中任一项所述的系统，其中，所述零功耗终端与所述接入网节点之间的用户面协议栈包括：PDCP层、MAC层和PHY层。
  36. 根据权利要求29或31所述的系统，其中，所述NAS层用于传输NAS信令，所述NAS信令用于以下至少之一：
    承载数据和/或信令；
    零功耗终端上报信息给核心网节点；
    核心网节点给零功耗终端发送信息。
  37. 根据权利要求30、31、35中任一项所述的系统，其中，所述PDCP层的功能包括以下至少之一：安全保护、重排序、重复检测、维护SN。
  38. 根据权利要求28至31中任一项所述的系统，其中，所述RRC层的功能包括以下至少之一：
    传输RRC信令，所述RRC信令用于承载下行信令和/或上行信令；
    对待传输的RRC信令进行分段，所述分段与一个段号对应；
    其中，所述RRC信令与一个序列号关联。
  39. 根据权利要求32或33所述的系统，其中，所述RRC层的功能包括以下至少之一：
    传输RRC信令，所述RRC信令用于承载下行信令和/或上行信令；
    对待传输的RRC信令进行分段，所述分段与一个段号对应；其中，所述RRC信令与一个序列号关联；
    数据和/或信令的复用处理；
    数据和/或信令的解复用处理；
    将TB递交给PHY层；
    对TB进行分段处理。
  40. 根据权利要求28至31、34、35中任一项所述的系统，其中，所述MAC层的功能包括以下至少之一：
    数据和/或信令的复用处理；
    数据和/或信令的解复用处理；
    将TB递交给PHY层；
    对TB进行分段处理。
  41. 根据权利要求28至35中任一项所述的系统，其中，所述PHY层的功能包括以下至少之一：
    数据的处理；
    数据的发送。
  42. 根据权利要求1至41中任一项所述的系统，其中，所述零功耗终端对应的数据传输方式包括第一传输方式和/或第二传输方式。
  43. 根据权利要求42所述的系统，其中，所述第一传输方式是指：
    所述零功耗终端与所述接入网节点之间通过RRC信令传输数据；
    所述接入网节点与所述核心网节点之间通过NGAP信令传输数据。
  44. 根据权利要求42所述的系统，其中，所述第二传输方式是指：
    所述零功耗终端与所述接入网节点之间通过DRB传输数据；
    所述接入网节点与所述核心网节点之间通过GTP隧道传输数据。
  45. 根据权利要求42至44中任一项所述的系统，其中，所述核心网节点，用于基于所述业务控制节点的地址，将所述零功耗终端的数据传输给所述业务控制节点或者将包括所述零功耗终 端在内的至少一个零功耗终端的数据传输给所述业务控制节点。
  46. 一种通信方法，应用于权利要求1至45中任一项所述的零功耗通信系统，所述方法包括：
    零功耗终端通过接入网节点与核心网节点、数据中心节点以及业务控制节点中的至少之一进行通信。
  47. 一种终端设备，包括：处理器和存储器，该存储器用于存储计算机程序，所述处理器用于调用并运行所述存储器中存储的计算机程序，执行如权利要求46所述的方法。
  48. 一种芯片，包括：处理器，用于从存储器中调用并运行计算机程序，使得安装有所述芯片的设备执行如权利要求46所述的方法。
  49. 一种计算机可读存储介质，用于存储计算机程序，所述计算机程序使得计算机执行如权利要求46所述的方法。
  50. 一种计算机程序产品，包括计算机程序指令，该计算机程序指令使得计算机执行如权利要求46所述的方法。
  51. 一种计算机程序，所述计算机程序使得计算机执行如权利要求46所述的方法。
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