WO2022266688A1 - Vorrichtung zur messung zumindest eines gasförmigen oder festen stoffes - Google Patents
Vorrichtung zur messung zumindest eines gasförmigen oder festen stoffes Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022266688A1 WO2022266688A1 PCT/AT2022/060214 AT2022060214W WO2022266688A1 WO 2022266688 A1 WO2022266688 A1 WO 2022266688A1 AT 2022060214 W AT2022060214 W AT 2022060214W WO 2022266688 A1 WO2022266688 A1 WO 2022266688A1
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Classifications
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- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/3504—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for analysing gases, e.g. multi-gas analysis
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- G01M15/00—Testing of engines
- G01M15/04—Testing internal-combustion engines
- G01M15/10—Testing internal-combustion engines by monitoring exhaust gases or combustion flame
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M15/00—Testing of engines
- G01M15/04—Testing internal-combustion engines
- G01M15/10—Testing internal-combustion engines by monitoring exhaust gases or combustion flame
- G01M15/102—Testing internal-combustion engines by monitoring exhaust gases or combustion flame by monitoring exhaust gases
- G01M15/108—Testing internal-combustion engines by monitoring exhaust gases or combustion flame by monitoring exhaust gases using optical methods
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- G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
- G01N15/075—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions by optical means
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- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
- G01N1/2247—Sampling from a flowing stream of gas
- G01N2001/2264—Sampling from a flowing stream of gas with dilution
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- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/3504—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for analysing gases, e.g. multi-gas analysis
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- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
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- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
- G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
- G01N33/0027—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector
- G01N33/0036—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector specially adapted to detect a particular component
- G01N33/0037—NOx
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
- G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
- G01N33/0027—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector
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- G01N33/0042—SO2 or SO3
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- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B21/00—Alarms responsive to a single specified undesired or abnormal condition and not otherwise provided for
- G08B21/02—Alarms for ensuring the safety of persons
- G08B21/12—Alarms for ensuring the safety of persons responsive to undesired emission of substances, e.g. pollution alarms
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device for measuring at least one gaseous or solid substance in at least one measuring volume at a stationary measuring point, wherein a light source and at least one detector are provided, and at least one main primary beam can be emitted from the light source to at least one beam splitter unit, wherein the at least a beam splitter unit is arranged at a first distance from a first reflection area of a reflection unit, and the beam splitter unit divides the main primary beam into at least one first partial beam oriented through the measurement volume in the direction of the first reflection area and at least one secondary primary beam oriented in a direction different from the main primary beam, wherein at least one deflection unit is arranged at a second distance from a second reflection area, and the at least one secondary primary beam by means of the beam splitter unit to the deflection unit can be steered and the at least one secondary primary beam can be steered by means of the deflection unit as a second partial beam through the at least one measurement volume in the direction of the second reflection area, and wherein the
- the invention also relates to a method for measuring at least one gaseous or solid substance in at least one measurement volume, which is formed between a beam splitter unit and a first reflection area and/or a deflection unit and a second reflection area.
- Exhaust gas measurements are largely limited to systems that measure substances in the exhaust gas, such as gaseous substances or particles, in the vehicle itself, for example in or after the exhaust.
- these systems are limited to a small number of test vehicles and therefore cannot provide a representative image of a large number of different vehicles in real operation.
- Emission measurements as part of the regular inspection of the vehicle in a workshop are also unrepresentative because such inspections are only carried out at long intervals. Attempts are therefore being made to enable exhaust gas measurements from vehicles in real operation in public spaces.
- remote sensing also in the sense of "real driving emissions” (RDE) measurements are carried out at a stationary measuring point, can be attached to advantageously pre-installed infrastructure, such as toll stations, street lamps, bridges, or building facades in the city and the like .
- RDE real driving emissions
- a slight incline on the road at the measuring point is suitable for generating a positive engine load.
- Remote sensing often uses a light source that emits a characteristic wavelength or wavelength range(s) to detect a gaseous substance such as carbon monoxide or nitrogen oxides.
- a detector allows, for example, a measurement of the attenuation of the light that is sent through the exhaust plume.
- particles such as soot particles, as a substance. This can then be realized, for example, via light scattering or by measuring the attenuation of the return beam in relation to the incident light.
- the reliable measurement of such substances in exhaust clouds can lead to various difficulties.
- the emissions of substances are of different types Engines or other energy systems, such as fuel cells, are all different and must be measurable with the same system.
- the concentration range to be measured varies greatly and depends on the vehicle class to be measured (e.g. truck vs. motorcycle). Especially low concentrations cause problems in the evaluation. Differences in the operating temperature of an engine can also result in differences in the substances to be measured.
- a number of the cross-influences and inaccuracies mentioned above could be remedied by multiple measurements of substances in an exhaust gas cloud. It may be possible to measure an exhaust gas cloud several times in succession, or to measure an exhaust gas cloud at several points.
- EP 3702 757 A1 discloses a multiple measurement for remote sensing in public space, with exhaust gas clouds being measured on the street and above the street using beam splitter units and positioning units, and the emitted light being collected by collectors on the street surface and being guided to a central detector.
- This is disadvantageous for exhaust gas components in low concentrations because the emitted light only passes through the exhaust gas cloud once at each point. Since the collectors are arranged on a road surface, contamination inevitably leads to a reduction in the detected signal. This creates various changes in the measurement and makes it necessary to clean the measuring device regularly.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a low-maintenance remote sensing device for multiple measurements of a gaseous or solid substance in a measuring volume, which is also able to measure substances in low concentrations.
- the first reflection area is provided in order to direct the first partial beam as the first return beam through the at least one measurement volume to the at least one detector
- the second reflection area is provided in order to guide the second partial beam as a second return beam through the at least one measurement volume to the at least one detector
- the at least one detector is provided to measure a light property of each return beam that characterizes the at least one gaseous or solid substance.
- the device according to the invention is advantageous because the emitted partial beams and return beams traverse the measurement volume at least twice, and a more precise measurement of a gaseous or solid substance in the measurement volume is thus made possible on the basis of an integral measurement. Substances can also be measured in lower concentrations in the measuring volume. It can be done in at least two places in the same Measurement volume or measured in at least two separate measurement volumes, which also makes the device flexible.
- a reflection unit which is usually arranged on a surface to be measured and is therefore directly exposed to external influences such as vehicle traffic, can be replaced easily and inexpensively, which means that any maintenance times and associated failures due to damaged reflection units can be kept low.
- the respective return beam is advantageously directed via the reflection areas directly to a detector or via the beam splitter unit or via the deflection unit or via the deflection unit and the beam splitter unit to the at least one detector. This can also be made dependent on where the at least one detector can be arranged or is possibly already arranged.
- the detector is arranged in the deflection unit or the beam splitter unit, depending on the application and requirement, or one detector each in both units.
- An arrangement of the detector together with the light source in one housing is also possible. Due to these diverse possibilities, the device can be adapted very flexibly to the respective application, which makes it easier to use.
- a second beam splitter unit at a third distance from a third reflection area.
- This second beam splitter unit is arranged between the first beam splitter unit and the deflection unit and receives the secondary primary beam from the first beam splitter unit and divides it into a third partial beam oriented in the direction of the third reflection area and a second secondary primary beam oriented in the direction of the deflection unit.
- the second beam splitter unit is arranged between the first beam splitter unit and the deflection unit, as viewed in the radiation direction of the secondary primary beam.
- a further measuring point is consequently realized by the third partial beam.
- An increase in the number of measuring points can also be achieved by a beam splitter unit dividing the obtained main primary beam or secondary primary beam into a first or third partial beam and into a plurality of secondary primary beams oriented in different directions, with the beam splitter unit directing each secondary primary beam to a further beam splitter unit or a deflection unit.
- the directions of the secondary primary beams are different from one another, but preferably also different from the direction of the first and/or third partial beam.
- one variant of the invention provides that at least one beam splitter unit is pivotable about an axis in order to selectively guide the generated secondary primary beam to a plurality of deflection units and/or further beam splitter units, with the axis running normally is carried out on a mirroring area or on a surface on which the mirroring unit is arranged.
- a secondary primary beam can thus be easily directed to a plurality of further beam splitter units and/or deflection units with one beam splitter unit.
- the direction of a generated partial beam can be adjusted by a positioning optics unit in a beam splitter unit and/or deflection unit, in particular deflectable at an angle deviating from a normal to the respective reflection area.
- a positioning optics unit is provided in at least one beam splitter unit and/or deflection unit, and the positioning optics unit deflects the first partial beam oriented in the direction of the respective reflection area at an angle that deviates from a normal to the respective reflection area.
- the positioning optics unit can also be used to increase the number of times a partial beam passes through the measurement volume and thus increase the sensitivity of the measurement.
- An integral measurement is realized by the multiple passage through the measurement volume, because the light beam is influenced multiple times by at least one gaseous or solid substance in the measurement volume.
- This advantage can be achieved by arranging an opposite second reflection unit with an opposite twin reflection area facing the respective reflection area in at least one beam splitter unit and/or deflection unit at a distance from the respective reflection area, with the respective reflection area reflecting the partial beam to the opposite twin reflection area and the opposite twin reflection area reflects the partial beam back to the respective reflection area, wherein the at least one detector is provided to detect the partial beam as a return beam after a plurality of such reflections or a deflection mirror is provided which deflects the partial beam as a return beam after a plurality of such reflections and the at least one detector detects the return beam after a number of reflections between the mirror unit and the opposite mirror unit.
- the angle of the partial beam can preferably be adjusted by the positioning optics unit. If at least one partial beam and/or a return beam and/or the main primary beam and/or a secondary primary beam is divided into individual light packets by a modulation unit, the detection of the return beams in the detector can be simplified. At least one modulation unit is therefore preferably provided in the device in order to split at least one partial beam and/or a return beam and/or the main primary beam and/or a secondary primary beam into individual light packets. If the light packets are additionally modulated with a time offset, the time-offset light packets can be detected by the detector. At least two packets of light are therefore preferably offset in time. For example, spatially resolved measurements can be carried out in a simple manner by means of a detector if it only ever receives one light packet at a time.
- a multiplexer unit is provided in a beam splitter unit and/or deflection unit, which splits the main primary beam or secondary primary beam obtained into a plurality of partial beams, and the multiplexer unit divides the plurality of partial beams into different ones Locations of the respective mirroring area, which reflects the plurality of partial beams as a plurality of return beams and sends the plurality of return beams to the multiplexer unit, and that the multiplexer unit sends the plurality of reflected return beams to at least one detector.
- a separate detector is provided for at least two of the plurality of return beams, with which the return beams can be detected at the same time.
- At least two of the plurality of partial beams are guided in the multiplexer unit via their own optical path, the optical paths having different optical path lengths and a common detector being provided for the at least two return beams produced. Due to the different optical path lengths, the return beams arrive at the detector at different points in time, which makes it possible to easily separate the detection of the individual return beams in the detector. Of course, this can also be combined with a modulation of the light beams into individual light packets.
- At least one imaging unit is provided in the device in order to record at least part of the exhaust gas cloud from different directions when an exhaust gas cloud is present in the measurement volume, with an evaluation unit being present to convert the images recorded by the imaging unit into an image of the at least one part to reconstruct the exhaust gas cloud and to determine a passage distance of the partial jet and/or the return jet through the exhaust gas cloud in the measurement volume from the image of at least part of the exhaust gas cloud.
- the at least one detector that detects the return beam determines a Decrease in intensity of the detected return beam due to the at least one gaseous or solid substance.
- the evaluation unit determines a concentration of the at least one gaseous or solid substance in the measurement volume from the decrease in intensity and the determined passage distance.
- a plurality of cameras and/or one or more lidar units can advantageously be used as the imaging unit.
- the plurality of cameras and/or the one or more lidar units are preferably arranged at different positions.
- the plurality of cameras and/or the one or more lidar units are arranged in such a way that the part of the exhaust gas cloud can be imaged from different spatial directions. In this way, they can image part of the exhaust cloud from different directions.
- a protective film is advantageously arranged over the reflection areas in an exchangeable manner. This means that necessary maintenance intervals can be reduced.
- a main primary beam is emitted by a light source and the main primary beam is directed to the at least one beam splitter unit, in which the main primary beam is directed into at least one in the direction of the first reflection region and through the at least a first partial beam oriented to the measurement volume and a secondary primary beam is split, the secondary primary beam being deflected in the deflection unit into a second partial beam oriented in the direction of the second reflection area and through the at least one measurement volume, the first partial beam being reflected at the first reflection area and passing through as the first return beam the at least one measurement volume is deflected back to the at least one detector, with the second partial beam being reflected at the second reflection area and as a second return beam through the at least one measurement volume to the at least is deflected back to a detector, and a light property of each return beam characterizing the at least one gaseous or solid substance is measured with the at least one detector.
- FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a device according to the invention for measuring at least one gaseous or solid substance in a measuring volume
- Fig. 1 shows a device 1 according to the prior art for measuring a gaseous or solid substance in a measuring volume 2.
- the measuring volume 2 there can be, for example, an exhaust gas cloud 31 which is emitted by a vehicle or another emission source 15 in the public space 16 .
- a wide variety of gaseous and solid (eg particles) components can occur in the measurement volume 2 .
- an exhaust gas cloud 31 from a car can be present in the measurement volume 2 .
- the substances in the measurement volume 2 can come from any type of emission source 15, for example on a surface 10.
- the emission source 15 is a vehicle such as passenger cars (cars), trucks (trucks), but also a single-track vehicle such as a motorcycle, moped, and the like, which have an internal combustion engine.
- the detection of such emission sources 15 can be helpful, for example to determine the proportion of vehicles with low or high emission values in road traffic.
- the measurement can be carried out, for example, on a surface 10, for example a road, advantageously at a certain distance d above a surface 10.
- the device 1 is arranged to the side of a measurement volume 2 and the Measurement takes place parallel to the surface 10, or the device 1 can also be installed in the surface 10 itself. Combinations of measurements from several sides are also conceivable.
- emissions can be measured in chimneys, which can have diameters of a few meters.
- the measurement volume 7 would be formed in the chimney.
- the device 1 can also measure a measurement volume 2 at other locations away from a surface 10, for example. It is conceivable that a device 1 in a measuring volume 2 measures an exhaust gas cloud of an aircraft when taking off or landing on a runway at an airport. It is also conceivable that an exhaust gas cloud from a ship is measured, for example in a harbor basin or in a lock.
- the exhaust gas cloud 31 does not necessarily have to come from a vehicle either, but can in principle come from any emission source 15 .
- An example is an exhaust gas cloud 31 from an industrial process, which is discharged at a chimney, for example.
- the substances to be measured in the measuring volume 2 can be gaseous substances such as carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), gaseous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and the like.
- gaseous substances such as carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), gaseous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and the like.
- solid substances such as solid particles, such as soot particles
- the substances and their concentrations in the measuring volume 2 are usually dependent on the emission source 15, for example the type of fuel, the internal combustion engine, the operating state of the internal combustion engine and the status of a catalytic converter or exhaust gas aftertreatment system (if present).
- an internal combustion engine that is not yet up to operating temperature often emits a higher concentration of partially combusted substances, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, than at normal operating temperature.
- partially combusted substances such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
- different substances are emitted in different operating states (e.g. given by current speed and current torque).
- measuring a substance can mean detecting the presence of the substance in measuring volume 2, but also measuring a quantity or concentration of the substance in measuring volume 2.
- Remote sensing is based on a light beam being sent through the measurement volume 2 and a light property of the light beam, for example the light intensity or a wavelength of the light, being changed due to gaseous and/or solid substances in the measurement volume 2 . This change can be measured with a detector 5 in order to draw conclusions about the gaseous or solid substances in the measurement volume 2 .
- FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of remote sensing according to the invention, with a device 1 for multiple measurements of a solid or gaseous substance in at least one measurement volume 2.
- a light source 3 is provided in the device 1, which is arranged in close proximity to a detector 5 in the exemplary embodiment shown.
- the light source 3 and the detector 5 are preferably arranged in a common housing.
- the light source 3 can, for example, emit monochromatic light, for example as laser light, which emits a defined wavelength with a predetermined light intensity.
- QCL quantum cascade lasers
- other types and combinations of lasers are also conceivable in order to cover different wavelength ranges.
- the light source 3 has a polychromatic emitting lamp, such as a lamp in the ultraviolet (UV) or infrared range (IR).
- a monochromator in the light source 3 or at another suitable location in the device 1 is also conceivable in order to select wavelengths in a targeted manner.
- a monochromator can be, for example, a Bragg grating, a prism, a movable mirror or an optical filter.
- the light source 3 generates a main primary beam 4.1 with a predetermined light intensity and at least one wavelength, and this is directed to a beam splitter unit 6.
- the light source 3 can be arranged either in the beam splitter unit 6 or in close proximity to it. It is also possible to direct the main primary beam 4.1 to the beam splitter unit 6 via a light transport unit 8.
- the light transport unit 8 is advantageous if a light source 3 is arranged locally separately from the beam splitter unit 6, for example at the level of the surface 10 and is to be guided to the beam splitter unit 6 with little or no loss in terms of light intensity.
- the light transport unit 8 can be, for example, an optical fiber, such as a glass fiber cable, or a mirror system or another optical system that directs the main primary beam 4.1 to the beam splitter unit 6.
- the beam splitter unit 6 is arranged at a first distance di from a first reflection region 11.1 of a first reflection unit 11. An incoming light beam is reflected at the reflection area 11.1.
- the first Reflection area 11.1 forms a reflection plane for reflection.
- the first reflection unit 11 can be arranged in an application-related manner, for example on a surface 10 (eg on a roadway of a street).
- the distance di can also be selected to suit the application, for example depending on the vehicles driving through, but also on the direction of the measurement. For example, the distance di can be smaller when measuring parallel to surface 10 and larger when measuring normal to surface 10 .
- a measuring volume 2 is formed between the beam splitter unit 6 and the first reflection unit 11, in which at least one gaseous and/or solid substance which has been emitted by an emission source 15 is to be measured.
- the main primary beam 4.1 is split in the beam splitter unit 6 into a first partial beam 4′′ and at least one secondary primary beam 13, which continue in different directions.
- a double mirror or another suitable optical system or device can be provided in the beam splitter unit 6, which splits the light intensity of the main primary beam 4.1 to a light intensity of the first partial beam 4" and the at least one secondary primary beam 13.
- the light intensity of the main primary beam 4.1 is divided equally between the light intensity of the secondary primary beam 13 and the first partial beam 4′′.
- the first partial beam 4′′ is directed by the beam splitter unit 6 in the direction of the first reflection area 11.1 of the reflection unit 11.
- the first partial beam 4′′ penetrates the at least one measurement volume 2.
- the first partial beam 4′′ is reflected by the first reflection area 11.1 and directed as a first return beam 14′′ in the direction of at least one detector 5.
- the first partial beam 4" is preferably deflected by the beam splitter unit 6 to the first reflection area 11.1 of the reflection unit 11 in such a way that the direction of the first return beam 14" is opposite but parallel to the direction of the first partial beam 4".
- the first return beam 14′′ penetrates the at least one measurement volume 2 again.
- the detector 5, which detects the first return beam 14'', can be arranged at any suitable location on the device 1.
- the first partial beam 4" is deflected by the beam splitter unit 6 in a direction that differs from the direction of incidence of the main primary beam 4.1 into the beam splitter unit 6, and the secondary primary beam 13 essentially retains the direction of incidence of the main primary beam 4.1 entering the beam splitter unit 6.
- the beam splitter unit 6 divides the main primary beam 4.1 into a first partial beam 4" in one of the direction of incidence of the Main primary beam different direction and a secondary primary beam 13 in a direction that corresponds to the irradiation direction of the main primary beam 4.1 in the beam splitter unit 6 substantially.
- the first partial beam 4 is deflected by the beam splitter unit 6 in a direction that is oriented essentially normal to the first reflection area 11.1 and/or a reflection plane of the first reflection area 11.1.
- the arrangement of the first reflection unit 11 with the first reflection area 11.1 can thus be selected independently of the position of the detector 5.
- the first mirror unit 11 may be mounted parallel to the plane of the surface 10, normal to the plane of the surface 10, or at an angle to the plane of the surface 10 in between.
- the reflection unit 11 can also be mounted in a surface 10 and protected from damage and contamination by emission sources 15, such as vehicles driving over the surface 10, by means of a suitable coating or shoring.
- the first return beam 14′′ can then be directed via the beam splitter unit 6 in the direction of the at least one detector 5 (indicated by the primary return beam 13′ in FIG. 2). This can be done, for example, via the light transport unit 8 if the light source 3 and the detector 5 are arranged locally together. However, it can also be provided that the detector 5 is spatially separated from the light source 3 .
- the first return beam 14′′ could be sent to the detector 5 in a suitable manner, for example via a mirror system or a separate optical waveguide.
- the detector 5 can also be arranged directly in the beam splitter unit 6 .
- the beam splitter unit 6 also generates the secondary primary beam 13 which is guided in the direction of at least one deflection unit 7 .
- the direction of the secondary primary beam 13 preferably essentially corresponds to the direction in which the main primary beam 4.1 enters the beam splitter unit 6.
- the deflection unit 7 is arranged at a second distance d2 from a second reflection area 11.2 of the reflection unit 11.
- the distance d2 can also be selected here based on the application, for example depending on an emission source 15, but also on the direction of the measurement.
- the first distance di and the second distance d2 can also result from structural or natural height differences. For example, an elevation of the surface 10 or changes in the nature of the surface 10 can result in the distances di, d2 being different.
- a measurement volume 2 is formed between the deflection unit 7 and the second reflection area 11.2. This can be the same measurement volume 2 as between the beam splitter unit 6 and the first reflection area 11.1, or a separate measurement volume.
- the at least one measurement volume 2 is thus arranged between the beam splitter unit 6 and/or the deflection unit 7 and the associated reflection area 11.1, 11.2, and is at least partially delimited by the beam splitter unit 6 and/or the deflection unit 7 and the reflection unit 11.
- two separate measuring volumes 2 can also be provided.
- the first reflection area 11.1 and the second reflection area 11.2 can be formed on a common first reflection unit 11, but can also be assigned to separate reflection units 11.
- the deflection unit 7 for example a deflection mirror or another suitable optical system or device, is designed to direct the secondary primary beam 13 as a second partial beam 4' through the at least one measurement volume 2 in the direction of the second reflection area 11.2.
- the deflection unit 7 can also deflect the secondary primary beam 13 (as shown in FIG. 2).
- the second partial beam 4' penetrates the at least one measurement volume 2.
- the second partial beam 4' is reflected at the second reflection region 11.2 and directed as a second return beam 14' in the direction of the at least one detector 5, thereby penetrating the measurement volume 2 a second time.
- the second return beam 14' can also be directed to the deflection unit 7, with the second partial beam 4' penetrating the at least one measurement volume 2 again.
- the secondary primary beam 13 is deflected by the deflection unit 7 in such a way that the direction of the second partial beam 4' is oriented essentially normal to the second reflection area 11.2 and/or a reflection plane of the second reflection area 11.2.
- the secondary primary beam 13 is deflected by the deflection unit 7 to the second reflection area 11.2 in such a way that the direction of the second return beam 14' is opposite to, but running parallel to, the direction of the second partial beam 4'.
- the second return beam 14' can be directed in the deflection unit 7 to the detector 5 or to the beam splitter unit 6 and can be directed by the beam splitter unit 6, like the first return beam 14", in the direction of the at least one detector 5 (indicated by the primary return beam 13' in Fig.2).
- the arrangement of the second reflection area 11.2 can be selected independently of the position of the detector 5, which is intended to detect the second return beam 14'.
- the second reflection area 11.2 can be arranged parallel to the plane of the surface 10, normal to the plane of the surface 10, or at an angle to the plane of the surface 10.
- detectors 5 are also provided, for example to separately detect different return beams 14', 14''.
- a detector 5 is arranged in the deflection unit 7 in order to detect the second return beam 14' separately from the first return beam 14''.
- the second return beam 14' is then directed to the detector 5 in the deflection unit 7 after reflection at the second reflection area 11.2, and there is no need to forward it to another detector 5, possibly also via the beam splitter unit 6.
- the detector 5 for the second return beam 14' can also be arranged at any other point of the device 1, as long as the second return beam 14' can be guided there.
- a single detector 5 can be provided for the first return beam 14'' and the second return beam 14'.
- the at least one detector 5 measures at least one light property of a reflected beam 14', 14" detected with it, which characterizes the gaseous or solid substance to be measured.
- a light intensity or a wavelength or any other measurable light property can be measured as a light property.
- the gaseous or solid substance can then be inferred from the measured light property, for example the presence of the substance, a quantity or a concentration of the substance.
- a partial beam 4', 4 penetrates the at least one measuring volume 2 twice due to the reflection via a reflection area 11.1, 11.2, whereby the light beam is influenced twice by the gaseous and/or solid substance in the measuring volume 2, resulting in an integral measurement leads.
- This can be reflected in the measurement in increased sensitivity and an improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio because larger measurement signals are possible. A higher measurement quality can thus be achieved.
- the detector 5 can measure the reduced light intensity of the detected return beam 14', 14" due to the at least one gaseous or solid substance and convert it into an absorption of a gaseous substance, for example by means of a previously carried out reference measuring unit in the detector 5, which in the absence of a substance in Measurement volume 2 is carried out. Such a reference measurement can also take place at regular intervals or as required. A weakening of the light intensity due to a solid substance, for example due to scattering, can also occur be recorded in this way.
- a weakening of the light intensity of the detected return beam 14', 14" in relation to the light intensity of the partial beam 4', 4 belonging to the respective return beam 14', 14" or also in relation to the main primary beam 4.1 or the secondary primary beam 13 can be determined.
- the measuring point in particular the measuring volume 2, is stationary during the measurement with the device 1; a stationary measurement is thus implemented with the device 1 at a specific stationary measuring point.
- the exhaust gas cloud 31 can thus move or change relative to the measurement volume 2 during the measurement, but the device 1, specifically the individual units of the device 1, remain stationary at the measurement point.
- the at least one light source 3, a detector 5, a deflection unit 7, a beam splitter unit 6, and a reflection unit 11 remain stationary during the measurement. If there are other units in the measuring unit 1, such as a multiplexer unit, a modulation unit 16, a picture unit 29, etc., these are also stationary during the measurement.
- the device 1 according to the invention is thus in particular not a measuring unit that is installed in a moving vehicle for measuring exhaust gas and moves with the vehicle during the measurement.
- the device 1 is only necessarily arranged in a stationary position during the measurement.
- the device 1 or parts thereof can also be moved between two measurements.
- the main part of the device 1, in particular a light source 3, a detector 5, a deflection unit 7 and a beam splitter unit 6, can be pre-assembled on an extendable frame on the trailer.
- Parts of the measuring unit 1 that can be attached to the measuring point, such as the reflection unit 11 for example are then arranged in a suitable manner at the measuring point. During the measurement, however, all units are stationary again.
- the reflection unit 11 can be designed redundantly, for example, and multiple reflection units 11 can be provided per beam splitter unit 6 and/or deflection unit 7 . It may be possible, if a reflection area 11.1, 11.2 of a reflection unit 11 is damaged or soiled, to project a partial beam 4', 4 onto a to direct another mirroring unit 11 or to exchange one mirroring unit 11 for another. Thus, reflection units 11 can also be easily exchanged and serviced without having to interrupt the measurement with the device 1 as a result.
- a possible embodiment for protecting a reflection unit 11 is a protective film unit 24, which is shown in FIG. This serves to arrange a protective film 23 over a reflection unit 11 in order to protect it from dirt or damage (e.g. from scratches).
- the protective film 23 is of course designed to be sufficiently transparent.
- a dirty protective film 23 can be replaced with a clean protective film 23 if necessary.
- a possible embodiment of a protective film unit 24 according to FIG. 9 consists of a first roll 20 on which clean protective film 23 is wound. Clean protective film 23 can be unwound from this first roll 20 and arranged over a reflection unit 11 .
- a second roll 21 can be provided, onto which the soiled protective film 23 can be wound.
- the reflection unit 11 is arranged below the surface 10 in this embodiment.
- the unwound protective film 23 is arranged over the reflection unit 11 in order to protect the reflection unit 11 from dirt or damage.
- a mechanical protection 22 can also be provided between the reflection unit 11 and the protective film 23, which, however, should enable sufficient optical transparency.
- One of the two rollers 20, 21 can be driven in order to cause the protective film 23 to move further over the reflection unit 11 as required.
- An automation unit which controls the drive of the driven roller 20, 21 can also be provided for this purpose.
- the rollers 20, 21 can be driven when the value falls below a limit value, for example a loss of light intensity of a return beam 14', 14" detected by a detector 5.
- the automation unit can then automatically control the driven roller 20, 21 in order to move the protective film 23 further.
- the soiled protective film 23 above the reflection unit 11 can be easily and if necessary replaced by an unpolluted one. This can be advantageous if the reflection unit 11 is generally exposed to a high level of contamination.
- a heating device for example an electric heater, can also be integrated in the protective film unit 24, preferably in the mechanical protection 22.
- the heating device can prevent that when it is wet, such as rain, fog,
- the optical systems of the device 1 is affected by the formation of ice or puddles on the surface of the protective film 23. It can also be provided that a plurality of measurement volumes 2 are formed or each partial beam 4', 4'' penetrates a separate measurement volume 2. This can be advantageous if, for example, several different surfaces 10, such as a multi-lane road, are measured. This can significantly increase the measurement throughput and increase the statistical certainty of a measurement campaign.
- a main primary beam 4.1 is introduced into the beam splitter unit 6 and divided there, as explained above, into the secondary primary beam 13 and the first partial beam 4'' in different directions.
- the first partial beam 4′′ is directed to the first reflection area 11.1.
- the secondary primary beam 13 is now forwarded, instead of to a deflection unit 7, to a further, second beam splitter unit 6', which is arranged at a further, third distance d (preferably equal to distances di, d2) from a further, third reflection area 11.3 of the reflection unit 11 , wherein again one or the measurement volume 2 is formed in between.
- This second beam splitter unit 6' has the same function as the first beam splitter unit 6 and splits the incoming secondary primary beam 13 into a further, third partial beam 4'" and a further, second secondary primary beam 13" in different directions.
- the third partial beam 4" is directed in the direction of the third reflection unit 11.3 and reflected thereon, and the reflected third return beam 14" is forwarded to a detector 5, where it is detected.
- the second secondary primary beam 13′′ forwarded by the second beam splitter unit 6′ can now, as in FIG. 1, be directed to a deflection unit 7 and deflected into the second partial beam 4′.
- the distribution of the light intensities at the beam splitter units 6, 6' can be selected as required. It is thus possible to form further measuring points in the same measuring volume 2 or in different measuring volumes 2 in a simple manner by providing further beam splitter units 6'.
- This embodiment is particularly advantageous in order to enable several spatially resolved measurements of substances in at least one measurement volume 2, for example to measure a gaseous or solid substance in an exhaust gas cloud from an emission source 15 at several points.
- the partial jets 4', 4", 4" are guided through the same measuring volume 2 in which the exhaust gas cloud is located.
- this embodiment can be advantageous in order to record different spatially separated measurement volumes 2 simultaneously with only one light source 3 .
- at least two partial beams 4′, 4′′, 4′′ would be guided through different measurement volumes 2. It can also be advantageous to measure each return beam 14', 14", 14" with a separate detector 5.
- the main primary beam 4.1 is introduced into the beam splitter unit 6 and divided there into two secondary primary beams 13 in different directions.
- the Auxiliary primary beams 13 are oriented differently from the partial beams 4′′ (not shown).
- the secondary primary beams 13 are advantageously oriented in different directions, the directions lie in a common secondary primary beam plane, which corresponds to the plane of the page in FIG. 3b.
- the main primary beam 4.1 is divided here into at least two secondary primary beams 13, which are oriented in different directions but preferably run in a common secondary primary beam plane.
- the main primary beam 4.1 also favorably runs in this secondary primary beam plane.
- the main primary beam 4.1 is divided into a plurality of secondary primary beams 13, which lie in a common secondary primary beam plane together with the main primary beam 4.1.
- the partial beams 4', 4" (e.g. normal to the plane of the drawing) are not shown here.
- Each secondary primary beam 13 can be routed either to a further beam splitter unit 6' (as in Fig. 3a) or to a deflection unit 7.
- a measurement can be carried out parallel to the surface 10 and at the same time normal to the surface 10, which corresponds to a multidimensional measurement in the measurement volume 2. In this way, too, several measurements can be carried out in the same measurement volume 2 as well as measurements in different measurement volumes 2.
- the main primary beam 4.1 or the secondary primary beam 13, 13" is directed into the beam splitter unit 6, 6' or into the deflection unit 7 (not shown) and deflected there into a partial beam 4', 4", 4" as described above.
- the at least one partial beam 4', 4", 4"" is then guided over at least one modulation unit 16.
- a modulation unit 16 is used for each partial beam 4', 4", 4" in the device 1.
- the at least one modulation unit 16 causes the at least one partial beam 4', 4", 4" to be divided into individual light packets 17, if necessary also with different light intensities I.
- the light packets 17 have a predetermined time length and are separated in time.
- a modulation unit 16 can be a light chopper that generates defined light packets 17 .
- Such light choppers can be, for example, rotating discs, mirrors, corner mirrors or prisms.
- Electro-optical modulators as modulation unit 16, such as Mach-Zehnder interferometers, are also conceivable.
- a return beam 14', 14", 14" to be modulated by the modulation unit 16 and the individual light packets 17 of the return beam 14', 14", 14" to be modulated by a Detector 5 are detected. It is also conceivable that a modulation unit 16 divides the main primary beam 4.1 or a secondary primary beam 13, 13'' into individual light packets 17', 17'', 17'''.
- the division into individual light packets 17 has the effect that the return beams 14', 14", 14''' detected by a detector 5 are also divided into light packets 17.
- the division into individual light packets 17 is advantageously carried out in such a way that the light packets 17 arrive in the detector 5 at different times. This makes it easy to measure different return beams 14′, 14′′, 14′′ in one detector 5.
- both the first partial beam 4 and the second partial beam 4' can each be divided into light packets 17', 17'' with a modulation unit 16.
- the modulation by means of a first modulation unit 16 of the first partial beam 4 can take place with a time delay to the modulation by means of a second modulation unit 16 of the second partial beam 4' (as indicated in FIG. 4).
- the reflected light packets 17′′ of the first partial beam 4 thus arrive at a detector 5 with a time delay in relation to the reflected light packets 17′ of the second partial beam 4′.
- a spatially resolved measurement using a single detector 5 can thus be made possible in a simple manner.
- a main primary beam 4.1. is guided according to the invention into the beam splitter unit 6, 6'.
- the beam splitter unit 6, 6' is pivotable and can, for example, be pivoted at an angle g about an axis normal to a reflection area 11.1, 11.2, 11.3 or normal to a reflection plane of a reflection unit 11 or normal to a surface 10 or normal to a Surface 10, on which the reflection unit 11 is arranged, can be pivoted, and can thus direct the at least one secondary primary beam 13 alternately to a plurality of stationary deflection units 7 or other beam splitter units 6'.
- the beam splitter unit 6, 6' can itself be pivotable.
- only one mirror in a beam splitter unit 6, 6' can carry out the changeover to different deflection units 7 or further beam splitter units 6'.
- this is, for example, a rotating shaft with mirrors at a defined distance, which directs the secondary primary beams 13 to different deflection units 7 or further beam splitter units 6'.
- the rotating shaft with mirrors also acts as a modulation unit 16, since light packets 17 are also generated here.
- the beam splitter unit 6, 6' and the deflection unit 7 are fixed to the device 1 and the entire device 1 can be rotated about an axis normal to the surface 10 be panned.
- the entire device 1 can then, for example, change between different lanes depending on the volume of traffic.
- a positioning optics unit 27 (indicated in FIG. 6) is additionally provided in the beam splitter unit 6, 6' and/or in the deflection unit 7. This enables partial beams 4′, 4′′, 4′′′′ and/or a secondary primary beam 13, 13′′ to be aligned and can be used, for example, for adjustment and readjustment. A readjustment may be necessary, for example, if the beam splitter unit 6, 6' and/or the deflection unit 7 has been misaligned due to vibrations or other influences.
- Such a positioning optics unit 27 can be, for example, an x-y galvanometer or a “digital mirror device”. A readjustment can also be necessary, for example, if a reflection area 11.1, 11.2, 11.3 is dirty.
- a positioning optics unit 27 can also be used in a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, which makes it possible to realize a plurality of passages of a light beam through the measurement volume 2 and thus achieve a further improvement in the measurement quality, as explained with reference to FIG.
- a reflection area 11.1, 11.2 an opposite second reflection unit 18 is arranged with a twin reflection area 30, which also forms a reflection plane and on which an incident light beam is reflected.
- the reflection area 11.1, 11.2 of the first reflection unit 11 and the twin reflection area 30 of the second reflection unit 18 are arranged facing each other.
- the reflection area 11.1, 11.2 and the twin reflection area 30 are preferably arranged running parallel. In other words, the reflection planes of the reflection area 11.1, 11.2 of the reflection unit 11 and of the twin reflection area 30 of the second reflection unit 18 are arranged running parallel.
- the beam splitter unit 6, 6′ or the deflection unit 7 can now use the positioning optics unit 27 to adjust the angle ⁇ of the partial beam 4′, 4′′, 4′′′ deviating from a normal to the reflection area 11.1, 11.2.
- the partial beam 4', 4", 4" is reflected at the reflection area 11.1, 11.2 and reflected back to the opposite second reflection unit 18, where the partial beam 4', 4", 4" is reflected again at the twin reflection area 30.
- a plurality n of reflections can thus be set, with which the partial beam 4′, 4′′, 4′′′ runs back and forth between the reflection units 11, 18.
- the at least one detector 5 can now be arranged, for example, on one of the reflection units 11, 18 and can detect the partial beam 4', 4", 4" after the last reflection as a return beam 14', 14", 14".
- the partial beam 4', 4", 4"" is deflected back to the beam splitter unit 6, 6' or deflection unit 7 as a return beam 14', 14", 14"" after a plurality n reflections and there in the direction of the detector 5 further, whereby the detector 5 can also be arranged in the respective beam splitter unit 6, 6' or deflection unit 7.
- This can be done, for example, via a deflection mirror 28 .
- the deflection mirror 28 is preferably designed in such a way that an incoming return beam 14', 14'', 14''' is reflected counter to the direction of incidence. The direction of the beam reflected by the deflection mirror 28 thus coincides with the incident return beam 14', 14", 14", but is oriented in the opposite direction.
- the return beam 14', 14", 14" can be reflected multiple times between the reflection units 11, 18 (although the number of reflections on the return path does not have to match the number of reflections on the outward path) or, after being reflected at the deflection mirror 28, is returned to the detector 5 along a suitable optical path.
- the reflection units 11, 18 with the respective reflection areas 11.1, 11.2, 30 must of course be arranged and designed in a suitable manner in order to enable the desired reflections. Such an arrangement and configuration is within the skill of a person skilled in the art and can be implemented according to the requirements of the application.
- the main primary beam 4.1 or the secondary primary beam 13, 13' (not shown) is introduced into the beam splitter unit 6, 6' or deflection unit 7 according to the invention.
- a multiplexer unit 19 is provided in the beam splitter unit 6 , 6 ′ or deflection unit 7 .
- the multiplexer unit 19 can be designed as an electrical or electro-optical circuit, which splits the main primary beam 4.1 or the secondary primary beam 13, 13' into a plurality of individual partial beams 4', 4", 4" (in Fig. 7 only partially provided with reference numbers ) splits.
- a partial beam 4', 4", 4" is thus multiplied with the multiplexer unit 19.
- the partial beams 4', 4", 4"" can be directed to different points of the respective reflection area 11.1,
- the partial beams 4′, 4′′, 4′′ can all have the same light intensity as the main primary beam 4.1 or the secondary primary beam 13, 13′. However, it is also possible for the partial beams 4', 4'', 4''' to have different light intensities.
- the individual return beams 14 ′, 14 ′′, 14 ′′′′ produced as described above can be detected by different detectors 5 .
- each partial beam 4′, 4′′, 4′′′′ that is generated can be guided over its own optical path 32 .
- the optical paths 32 can have different optical path lengths, each partial beam 4′, 4′′, 4′′′′ thus being given a different optical propagation time.
- the individual partial beams 4′, 4′′, 4′′ are reflected at the reflection unit 11 and the individual return beams 14 (not shown in FIG. 7) are directed back to the beam splitter unit 6 or deflection unit 7 as described above, possibly also via the optical ones Paths 32 of different path lengths.
- the at least one detector 5 can then more easily measure the individual return beams 14′, 14′′, 14′′′′ that are produced, because they arrive at the detector 5 at successive points in time due to the different path lengths. This can enable a spatially resolved measurement of the gaseous or solid substance in the measurement volume 2 .
- the multiplexer unit 19 is used to generate a plurality of secondary primary beams 13 in a beam splitter unit 6, 6' (for example in an arrangement as shown in Figure 3b), which are routed to further beam splitter units 6' and/or deflection units 7 can.
- the light intensity of the plurality of sub-primary beams 13 after being divided by the multiplexer unit 19 can be the same.
- Fig. 8 shows a further advantageous embodiment of the invention for the precise measurement of the concentration of a gaseous or solid substance in a measuring volume 2 with a device 1 according to the invention.
- a concentration c of a substance more precisely, knowledge of the actual passage distance x of the light through the the volume containing the gaseous or solid substance (eg an exhaust gas cloud) in the measuring volume 2 and the absorption 1-(l/lo), referred to as A for short, or transmission l/lo of a specific wavelength is required.
- the measurement of a substance is frequency-dependent and should therefore take place at, or at least close to, the absorption maximum in order to obtain a reliable result.
- CO2 has characteristic vibrational modes at a wave number (reciprocal wavelength) of 1388 cm -1 (asymmetric stretch mode) and at 667 cm -1 (bending mode).
- the absorption A depends on the passage distance x, the concentration c and an absorption coefficient k (as a known material parameter) via the formula
- An absorption A can be determined using a detector 5 .
- the passage distance x is dependent on the extent of the exhaust gas cloud 31 in the measurement volume 2 and is usually not known.
- an imaging unit 29 is provided in the device 1 to record the passage distance x, in order to record at least part of the measurement volume 2 from different directions (e.g. angles w, ⁇ ).
- the imaging unit 29 generates images of the measurement volume 2 from different directions, which are processed in an evaluation unit 26 .
- the evaluation unit 26 can now reconstruct part of an image of an exhaust gas cloud 31 in the measurement volume 2 from the images obtained from different directions. From the image of the part of the exhaust gas cloud 31, the passage distance x of a partial beam 4', 4", 4'", as the sum of all passages of the light through the exhaust gas cloud 31, through the exhaust gas cloud 31 can be determined. For example, based on the known dimensions of the measurement volume 2, the dimensions of the at least part of the exhaust gas cloud 31 in the measurement volume 2 and thus the passage distance x can be back-calculated.
- a 2D projection of the exhaust gas cloud 31 in the plane of the partial jet 4′, 4′′, 4′′ and/or the return jet 14′, 14′′, 14′′ can be generated from the images and the passage distance x can thus be determined directly .
- the evaluation unit 26 creates a spatial reconstruction of the exhaust gas cloud. This reconstruction can, for example, also depend on a control variable such as time. For example, a time-dependent expansion of an exhaust gas cloud 31 can be determined.
- the evaluation unit 26 receives data on the outside temperature and air humidity.
- the outside temperature and humidity there may be differences in the evaluation and reconstruction of an exhaust cloud. For example, temperature differences in summer between the environment and the exhaust cloud are less pronounced than in winter. This can lead to the passage distance x showing seasonal differences.
- a correction factor for the calculation of the reconstruction depending on the outside temperature and air humidity can be provided. The evaluation unit 26 can thus carry out a reliable calculation independently of the conditions of the passage section x.
- the evaluation unit 26 can also receive data on the absorption A from at least one detector 5, and use the passage distance x, which was reconstructed from part of an image of the exhaust gas cloud 31, to determine the concentration c of a substance Calculate Lambert-Beer's law.
- multiple data for Absorption A can be used to calculate a spatial distribution of the concentration c in a measurement volume 2.
- the imaging unit 29 can be implemented in the form of several cameras 25 (as shown in FIG. 8). An embodiment of the imaging unit 29 with one or more lidar units, one or more radar units or combinations of such units or with cameras is also conceivable. In addition, there can of course also be other versions of an imaging unit 29 .
- cameras 25 are installed at different locations in order to record a measurement volume 2 from different directions w, ß.
- the cameras 25 can be arranged on a beam splitter unit 6, 6' and/or deflection unit 7, for example.
- the cameras 25 can also be installed on a separate device or use existing infrastructure in the area of the device 1 such as bridges, houses, street lamps or the like.
- the cameras 25 can also be arranged in such a way that they can, for example, record a plurality of measurement volumes 2 at the same time. In this way, the number of cameras 25 can be kept low.
- the cameras 25 can record images of the measurement volume 2 and thus also record an exhaust gas cloud 31 present in the measurement volume 2 . However, it is also possible for the cameras 25 to additionally record metadata about a vehicle, such as its size, type or license plate number.
- image processing software such as ImageJ can be used, for example, to reconstruct the exhaust gas cloud 31 or a part thereof.
- the cameras 25 can be infrared cameras, for example, which record thermal images of the exhaust gas cloud present in the measurement volume 2 .
- the heat distribution in the exhaust gas cloud can also be recorded, which can have an influence on the substances or the absorption coefficient k. Due to the temperature differences, convection and diffusion phenomena can occur, which cause substances to be distributed over time. Individual concentrations c of substances can also depend on the temperature, since some reactions only take place at higher temperatures. It may also be possible for different exhaust gas clouds from emission sources 15, such as vehicles, located one behind the other or next to one another to mix.
- the measurement can then be adjusted accordingly, for example via the positioning optics unit 27 described above or by positioning or aligning a camera 25.
- the cameras 25 can also work, for example, in the ultraviolet (UV) or visible (VIS) range, or in both ranges (UV/VIS cameras).
- UV or VIS higher energy radiation than IR and stimulates electron transitions in molecules and can be more advantageous for the measurement.
- the cameras 25 are designed as multispectral and hyperspectral cameras. Instead of the classic simple recording in a simple spectral range, a large number of spectral bands are used. This can be advantageous for recognizing a significantly higher color quality and color differences, since each pixel already contains a complete color spectrum.
- Such a camera 25 can function with the snapshot mosaic technique, for example.
- a lidar unit is based on a laser, for example a YAG laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm or 532 nm, or similar designs that the person skilled in the art deems appropriate. IR lasers can also be used, although adequate shielding may be necessary to avoid eye damage.
- a lidar unit in the UV or NIR (near infrared) range can be used, for example, to measure gaseous or solid substances directly. Lidar is known to be able to detect, for example, carbon dioxide (CO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and methane (CH 4 ) from atmospheric measurements. This can be used, for example, to carry out rough estimates of substances or to obtain redundant measurements for the measurement according to the invention.
- the at least one lidar unit can move in at least one axis and record images of the environment and the existing exhaust gas clouds 31 .
- the at least one lidar unit can be used to image different exhaust gas clouds 31 in a measurement volume 2 or also different exhaust gas clouds 31 in different measurement volumes 2.
- the lidar unit scans the environment and, depending on the reflection time of the emitted laser pulse, images of the environment can be generated.
- a combination of lidar units and cameras 25 is also conceivable as the imaging unit 29 .
- gaseous substances can be measured using a lidar unit, while solid substances in the exhaust gas cloud 31 are detected using the device 1 according to the invention.
- a representative measurement of the concentration of several critical substances in the exhaust gas cloud 31 can be carried out.
- a camera recording is also carried out in the area of the device 1 for the measurements described above. This means that license plates of vehicles can be recorded under data protection requirements. This allows vehicle owners to be notified if a vehicle exhibits substances in the form of exhaust emissions outside of standard guideline values.
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN202280052406.7A CN117795317A (zh) | 2021-06-25 | 2022-06-24 | 用于测量至少一种气态或固态物质的设备 |
US18/572,928 US20240264087A1 (en) | 2021-06-25 | 2022-06-24 | Device for measuring at least one gaseous or solid material |
EP22740749.1A EP4359765A1 (de) | 2021-06-25 | 2022-06-24 | Vorrichtung zur messung zumindest eines gasförmigen oder festen stoffes |
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ATA50527/2021 | 2021-06-25 | ||
ATA50527/2021A AT525194B1 (de) | 2021-06-25 | 2021-06-25 | Vorrichtung zur Messung zumindest eines gasförmigen oder festen Stoffes |
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WO2022266688A1 true WO2022266688A1 (de) | 2022-12-29 |
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PCT/AT2022/060214 WO2022266688A1 (de) | 2021-06-25 | 2022-06-24 | Vorrichtung zur messung zumindest eines gasförmigen oder festen stoffes |
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US (1) | US20240264087A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP4359765A1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN117795317A (de) |
AT (1) | AT525194B1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2022266688A1 (de) |
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DE19840794C1 (de) * | 1998-09-08 | 2000-03-23 | Deutsch Zentr Luft & Raumfahrt | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erfassung von Infrarot-Strahlungseigenschaften von Abgasen |
-
2021
- 2021-06-25 AT ATA50527/2021A patent/AT525194B1/de active
-
2022
- 2022-06-24 WO PCT/AT2022/060214 patent/WO2022266688A1/de active Application Filing
- 2022-06-24 CN CN202280052406.7A patent/CN117795317A/zh active Pending
- 2022-06-24 US US18/572,928 patent/US20240264087A1/en active Pending
- 2022-06-24 EP EP22740749.1A patent/EP4359765A1/de active Pending
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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AT525194B1 (de) | 2023-03-15 |
EP4359765A1 (de) | 2024-05-01 |
AT525194A1 (de) | 2023-01-15 |
CN117795317A (zh) | 2024-03-29 |
US20240264087A1 (en) | 2024-08-08 |
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