Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D401/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing aromatic rings
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/397—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having four-membered rings, e.g. azetidine
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
  • A61K31/445—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
  • A61K31/4523—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine containing further heterocyclic ring systems
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
  • A61K31/445—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
  • A61K31/4523—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine containing further heterocyclic ring systems
  • A61K31/4545—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a six-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. pipamperone, anabasine
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D205/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing four-membered rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D205/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing four-membered rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
  • C07D205/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing four-membered rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
  • C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
  • C07D403/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing aromatic rings

Definitions

• the present disclosure relates generally to compounds, compositions, and methods for their preparation and use of the compounds and compositions for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
• Sphingosine-1 -phosphate (SIP; (2S,3R,4E)-2-amino-3-hydroxyoctadec-4-enyl-l- phosphate) is a bioactive sphingolipid that is synthesized by metabolic turnover of sphingolipids in cells and by the extracellular action of a secreted sphingosine kinase. SIP binds to and stimulates members of the endothelial cell differentiation gene family (EDG receptors), which are plasma membrane-localized G protein-coupled receptors.
• EDG receptors endothelial cell differentiation gene family
• SIP S1P1
• S1P2 EDG-5
• S1P3 EDG-3
• S1P4 EDG-6
• S1P5 EDG-8
• SIP mediates a wide variety of cellular responses including proliferation, cytoskeletal organization and migration, adherence- and tight junction assembly, and morphogenesis.
• S1P5 is primarily expressed in the central nervous system. Specifically, S1P5 is highly expressed in oligodendrocytes (oligodendroglia) and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (Jaillard, C. et al., .J. Neuroscience, 2005, 25(6), 1459-1469; Novgorodov, A. S. et al , FASEB J., 2007, 21, 1503-1514). Oligodendrocytes are glial cells that form myelin sheaths (myelin) by binding to the axons of nerve cells. Compounds that bind to S1P5 can modulate the function of S1P5 and may be useful for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
• oligodendrocytes oligodendroglia
• Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells Jaillard, C. et al., .J. Neuroscience, 2005, 25(6), 1459-1469; Novgorodov, A. S
• provided herein are compounds that modulate S1P5 for use in treating neurodegenerative diseases.
• the compounds and compositions thereof may be used for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
• Embodiment 1 is a compound of Formula (I): or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
• L is azetidinyl optionally substituted with 1-5 substituents independently selected from halo and C 1 -C 6 alkyl; each RQ is independently H, -CN, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, halo, C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl, or C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, or two R 0 groups are taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached to form a fused phenylene;
• R 1 is C 6 -C 10 aryl or 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl, each of which is optionally substituted by 1-5 R 1 groups, wherein the heteroaryl contains 1 -3 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen and oxygen; each R is independently halo, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl, C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, or C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, or two R groups are taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached to form a fused phenylene;
• R 2 is H or C 1 -C 6 alkyl
• R 3 is -(CH 2 ) X -CO 2 H; or the dashed line between R 2 and R 3 represents a ring structure where R 2 and R 3 are taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form a 4- to 6-membered heterocyclyl substituted by 1-5 R 4 groups, wherein at least one R 4 group is -CO 2 H; x is 1-5; each R 4 is independently -CO 2 H, halo, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl, or C 1 -C 6 alkoxy;
• R 5 and R 6 are independently H or C 1 -C 6 alkyl; and n is 0 or 1.
• Embodiment 2 is the compound of embodiment 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
• Embodiment 3 is the compound of embodiment 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
• Embodiment 4 is the compound of embodiment 3, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
• Z 1 and Z 2 are each independently CR 0.
• Embodiment 5 is the compound of embodiment 3, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
• Z 1 is N; and Z 2 is CR 0 .
• Embodiment 6 is the compound of embodiment 3, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
• Z 1 is CR 0 ; and Z 2 is N.
• Embodiment 7 is the compound of any one of embodiments 1-6, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: each R 0 is independently H, -CN, C 1 -C 3 alkyl, C 3 -C 5 cycloalkyl, halo, C 1 -C 3 haloalkyl, or C 1 -C 3 alkoxy, or two R 0 groups are taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached to form a fused phenylene
• Embodiment 8 is the compound of embodiment 7, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: each R 0 is independently H, -CN, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, C1, F, -CF 3 , or -OCH 3 , or two R 0 groups are taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached to form a fused phenylene.
• Embodiment 9 is the compound of any one of embodiments 1, 2, 7, and 8, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
• Embodiment 10 is the compound of any one of embodiments 1 and 3-8, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
• Embodiment 13 is the compound of embodiment 12, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
• Embodiment 14 is the compound of any one of embodiments 1-13, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
• R 1 is phenyl or 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl, each of which is optionally substituted by 1-3 R ' groups, wherein the heteroaryl contains 1-2 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen and oxygen.
• Embodiment 15 is the compound of embodiment 14, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
• R 1 is phenyl optionally substituted by 1-3 R groups.
• Embodiment 16 is the compound of any one of embodiments 1-15, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: each R is independently halo, C 1 -C 3 alkyl, C 1 -C 3 haloalkyl, C 1 -C 3 alkoxy, or C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, or two R groups are taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached to form a fused phenylene.
• Embodiment 17 is the compound of embodiment 16, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: each R is independently halo, C 1 -C 3 alkyl, C 1 -C 3 haloalkyl, or C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, or two R groups are taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached to form a fused phenylene.
• Embodiment 18 is the compound of embodiment 17, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: each R is independently F, C1, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, -CHF 2 , or cyclopropyl, or two R ' groups are taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached to form a fused phenylene.
• Embodiment 19 is the compound of any one of embodiments 1-18, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
• Embodiment 20 is the compound of any one of embodiments 1-19, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
• R 2 is H or C 1 -C 3 alkyl
• R 3 is -(CH 2 )X-CO 2 H; and x is 1-3.
• Embodiment 21 is the compound of embodiment 20, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
• Embodiment 22 is the compound of any one of embodiments 1-19, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
• R 2 and R 3 are taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form a 4- to 6- membered heterocyclyl substituted by 1-3 R.4 groups, wherein at least one R 4 group is
• Embodiment 23 is the compound of embodiment 22, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: each R 4 is independently -CO 2 H, halo, C 1 -C 3 alkyl, C 1 -C 3 haloalkyl, or C 1 -C 3 alkoxy.
• Embodiment 24 is the compound of embodiment 23, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: each R 4 is independently -CO 2 H, methyl, F, C1, -CF 3 , or -OCH 3 .
• Embodiment 25 is the compound of any one of embodiments 1-19 and 22-24, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
• Embodiment 26 is the compound of any one of embodiments 1-25, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: n is 0.
• Embodiment 27 is the compound of any one of embodiments 1-25, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: n is 1.
• Embodiment 28 is the compound of embodiment 27, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
• R 5 and R 6 are independently H or C 1 -C 3 alkyl
• Embodiment 29 is the compound of embodiment 28, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
• R 5 and R 6 are independently H or methyl.
• Embodiment 30 is the compound of embodiment 29, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
• -CR 5 R 6 - is -CH 2 -, -CH(CH 3 )-, or -C(CH 3 ) 2 -.
• Embodiment 31 is the compound of any one of embodiments 1, 2, and 7-9, and 11- 26, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the compound is of Formula (P):
• Embodiment 32 is the compound of any one of embodiments 1, 3-8, 10-19, 22-25, and 27-30, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the compound is of Formula (III):
• R 4 group is -CO 2 H.
• Embodiment 33 is a compound selected from the compounds of Table 1 and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
• Embodiment 34 is a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of any one of embodiments 1-33, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
• Embodiment 35 is a method of modulating sphingosine 1 -phosphate receptor 5 (S1P5) comprising contacting S1P5 with an effective amount of the compound of any one of embodiments 1-33, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or the pharmaceutical composition of embodiment 34.
• S1P5 sphingosine 1 -phosphate receptor 5
• Embodiment 36 is a method of treating a neurological disease in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of the compound of any one of embodiments 1-33, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or the pharmaceutical composition of embodiment 34.
• Embodiment 37 is the method of embodiment 36, wherein the neurological disease is Alzheimer’s disease or multiple sclerosis.
• the terms “comprising” and “including” can be used interchangeably.
• the terms “comprising” and “including” are to be interpreted as specifying the presence of the stated features or components as referred to, but does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more features, or components, or groups thereof. Additionally, the terms “comprising” and “including” are intended to include examples encompassed by the term “consisting of’. Consequently, the term “consisting of’ can be used in place of the terms “comprising” and “including” to provide for more specific embodiments of the invention.
• any concentration range, percentage range, ratio range, or integer range is to be understood to include the value of any integer within the recited range and, when appropriate, fractions thereof (such as one tenth and one hundredth of an integer), unless otherwise indicated.
• any number range recited herein relating to any physical feature, such as polymer subunits, size, or thickness are to be understood to include any integer within the recited range, unless otherwise indicated.
• an “alkyl” group is a saturated, partially saturated, or unsaturated straight chain or branched non-cyclic hydrocarbon having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms (C 1 -C 10 alkyl), typically from 1 to 8 carbons (C 1 -C 8 alkyl) or, in some embodiments, from 1 to 6 (C 1 -C 6 alkyl), 1 to 3 (C 1 -C 3 alkyl), or 2 to 6 (C 2 -C 6 alkyl) carbon atoms In some embodiments, the alkyl group is a saturated alkyl group.
• saturated alkyl groups include -methyl, -ethyl, -n-propyl, -n-butyl, -n-pentyl and -n-hexyl; while saturated branched alkyls include -isopropyl, -sec-butyl, -isobutyl, -tert-butyl, -isopentyl, -neopentyl, tert-pentyl, -2-methylpentyl, -3 -methyl pentyl, -4- methylpentyl, -2,3-dimethylbutyl and the like.
• an alkyl group is an unsaturated alkyl group, also termed an alkenyl or alkynyl group.
• An “alkenyl” group is an alkyl group that contains one or more carbon-carbon double bonds
• An “alkynyl” group is an alkyl group that contains one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds.
• An alkyl group can be substituted or unsubstituted.
• alkyl groups described herein when they are said to be “substituted,” they may be substituted with any substituent or substituents as those found in the exemplary compounds and embodiments disclosed herein, as well as halogen (chloro, iodo, bromo, or fluoro); alkyl, hydroxyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl; amino; alkylamino, carboxy; nitro; cyano; thiol; thioether; imine; imide; amidine; guanidine; enamine; aminocarbonyl; acylamino; phosphonate; phosphine; thiocarbonyl; sulfmyl; sulfone; sulfonamide; ketone; aldehyde; ester; urea; urethane; oxime; hydroxyl amine; alkoxyamine; aralkoxyamine; N-oxide; hydrazine; hydrazide;
• a “cycloalkyl” group is a saturated, or partially saturated cyclic alkyl group of from 3 to 10 carbon atoms (C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl) having a single cyclic ring or multiple condensed or bridged rings that can be optionally substituted.
• the cycloalkyl group has 3 to 8 ring carbon atoms (C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl), whereas in other embodiments the number of ring carbon atoms ranges from 3 to 5 (C 3 -C 5 cycloalkyl), 3 to 6 (C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl), or 3 to 7 (C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl).
• the cycloalkyl groups are saturated cycloalkyl groups.
• saturated cycloalkyl groups include, by way of example, single ring structures such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, 1-methylcyclopropyl, 2-methylcyclopentyl, 2-methylcyclooctyl, and the like, or multiple or bridged ring structures such as l-bicyclo[l.l.l]pentyl, bicyclo[2.1.1]hexyl, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl, bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl, adamantyl and the like.
• the cycloalkyl groups are unsaturated cycloalkyl groups.
• unsaturared cycloalkyl groups include cyclohexenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexadienyl, butadienyl, pentadienyl, hexadienyl, among others.
• a cycloalkyl group can be substituted or unsubstituted. Such substituted cycloalkyl groups include, by way of example, cyclohexanol and the like
• aryl group is an aromatic carbocyclic group of from 6 to 14 carbon atoms (C6- C 14 aryl) having a single ring (e.g., phenyl) or multiple condensed rings (e.g., naphthyl or anthryl).
• aryl groups contain 6-14 carbons (C 6 -C 14 aryl), and in others from 6 to 12 (C 6 -C 12 aryl) or even 6 to 10 carbon atoms (C 6 -C 10 aryl) in the ring portions of the groups.
• Particular aryls include phenyl, biphenyl, naphthyl and the like.
• An aryl group can be substituted or unsubstituted.
• aryl groups also includes groups containing fused rings, such as fused aromatic-aliphatic ring systems (e g., indanyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, and the like)
• a “halogen” or “halo” is fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine.
• Haloalkyl refers to an alkyl radical, as defined above, that is substituted by one or more halo radicals, as defined above, e.g., trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trichloromethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 1,2-difluoroethyl, 3-bromo-2-fluoropropyl, 1 ,2-dibromoethyl, and the like.
• the haloalkyl group has one to six carbon atoms and is substituted by one or more halo radicals (C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl), or the haloalkyl group has one to three carbon atoms and is substituted by one or more halo radicals (C 1 -C 3 haloalkyl)
• the halo radicals may be all the same or the halo radicals may be different Unless specifically stated otherwise, a haloalkyl group is optionally substituted.
• a “heteroaryl” group is an aromatic ring system having one to four heteroatoms as ring atoms in a heteroaromatic ring system, wherein the remainder of the atoms are carbon atoms.
• heteroaryl groups contain 3 to 6 ring atoms, and in others from 6 to 9 or even 6 to 10 atoms in the ring portions of the groups. Suitable heteroatoms include oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen.
• the heteroaryl ring system is monocyclic or bicyclic.
• Non-limiting examples include but are not limited to, groups such as pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, benzisoxazolyl (e.g., benzo[d]isoxazolyl), thiazolyl, pyrolyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, thiophenyl, benzothiophenyl, furanyl, benzofuranyl, indolyl (e.g., indolyl-2-onyl or isoindolin-l-onyl), azaindolyl (pyrrolopyridyl or lH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridyl), indazolyl, benzimidazolyl (e.g., lH-benzo[d]imidazolyl), imidazopyri
• a heteroaryl group can be substituted or unsubstituted.
• a “heterocyclyl” is a non-aromatic cycloalkyl in which one to four of the ring carbon atoms are independently replaced with a heteroatom selected from O, S and N.
• heterocyclyl groups include 3 tolO ring members, whereas other such groups have 3 to 5, 3 to 6, or 3 to 8 ring members.
• Heterocyclyls can also be bonded to other groups at any ring atom (i.e., at any carbon atom or heteroatom of the heterocyclic ring).
• a heterocycloalkyl group can be substituted or unsubstituted.
• Heterocyclyl groups encompass saturated and partially saturated ring systems.
• heterocyclyl is intended to encompass any non-aromatic ring containing at least one heteroatom, which ring may be fused to an aryl or heteroaryl ring, regardless of the attachment to the remainder of the molecule.
• the phrase also includes bridged polycyclic ring systems containing a heteroatom.
• heterocyclyl group examples include, but are not limited to, aziridinyl, azetidinyl, azepanyl, pyrrolidyl, imidazolidinyl (e.g., imidazolidin-4-onyl or imidazolidin-2,4-dionyl), pyrazolidinyl, thiazolidinyl, tetrahydrothiophenyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, piperidyl, piperazinyl (e.g., piperazin-2- onyl), morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, tetrahydropyranyl (e.g., tetrahydro-2H-pyranyl), tetrahydrothiopyranyl, oxathianyl, dithianyl, l,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decanyl, homopiperazinyl, quinuclidyl, or
• alkoxy is -O-(alkyl), wherein alkyl is defined above.
• a “carboxy” group is a radical of the formula: -C(0)OH
• substituents are those found in the exemplary compounds and embodiments disclosed herein, as well as halogen (chloro, iodo, bromo, or fluoro); alkyl; hydroxyl; alkoxy; alkoxyalkyl; amino; alkylamino; carboxy; nitro; cyano; thiol; thioether; imine; imide; amidine; guanidine; enamine; aminocarbonyl; acylamino; phosphonate; phosphine; thiocarbonyl; sulfmyl; sulfone; sulfonamide; ketone; aldehyde; ester; urea; urethane; oxime; hydroxyl amine; alkoxyamine; aralkoxyamine; N
• a divalent group such as a divalent “alkyl” group, a divalent “phenyl” group, a divalent “heteroaryl” group, a divalent “heterocyclyl” group etc.
• a divalent group such as a divalent “alkyl” group, a divalent “phenyl” group, a divalent “heteroaryl” group, a divalent “heterocyclyl” group etc.
• an “alkylene” group such as a divalent “alkyl” group, a divalent “phenyl” group, a divalent “heteroaryl” group, a divalent “heterocyclyl” group etc.
• an “alkylene” group such as a divalent “alkylene” group, a divalent “phenyl” group, a divalent “heteroaryl” group, a divalent “heterocyclyl” group etc.
• an “alkylene” group such as a divalent “
• the term “pharmaceutically acceptable salt(s)” refers to a salt prepared from a pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic acid or base including an inorganic acid and base and an organic acid and base.
• Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salts of the compounds of formula (I) include, but are not limited to metallic salts made from aluminum, calcium, lithium, magnesium, potassium, sodium and zinc or organic salts made from lysine, N,N’ -dibenzyl ethyl enediamine, chloroprocaine, choline, diethanolamine, ethylenediamine, meglumine (N-methyl-glucamine) and procaine
• Suitable non-toxic acids include, but are not limited to, inorganic and organic acids such as acetic, alginic, anthranilic, benzenesulfonic, benzoic, camphorsulfonic, citric, ethenesulfonic, formic, fumaric, furoic, galacturonic, gluconic,
• Non-toxic acids include hydrochloric, hydrobromic, maleic, phosphoric, sulfuric, and methanesulfonic acids
• specific salts thus include hydrochloride, formic, and mesylate salts
• stereoisomer or “stereoisomerically pure” means one stereoisomer of a particular compound that is substantially free of other stereoisomers of that compound.
• a stereoisomerically pure compound having one chiral center will be substantially free of the opposite enantiomer of the compound.
• a stereoisomerically pure compound having two chiral centers will be substantially free of other diastereomers of the compound.
• a typical stereoisomerically pure compound comprises greater than about 80% by weight of one stereoisomer of the compound and less than about 20% by weight of other stereoisomers of the compound, greater than about 90% by weight of one stereoisomer of the compound and less than about 10% by weight of the other stereoisomers of the compound, greater than about 95% by weight of one stereoisomer of the compound and less than about 5% by weight of the other stereoisomers of the compound, or greater than about 97% by weight of one stereoisomer of the compound and less than about 3% by weight of the other stereoisomers of the compound.
• the compounds disclosed herein can have chiral centers and can occur as racemates, individual enantiomers or diastereomers, and mixtures thereof. All such isomeric forms are included within the embodiments disclosed herein, including mixtures thereof.
• mixtures comprising equal or unequal amounts of the enantiomers of a particular compound may be used in methods and compositions disclosed herein.
• These isomers may be asymmetrically synthesized or resolved using standard techniques such as chiral columns or chiral resolving agents. See, e.g. , Jacques, J., et al, Enantiomers, Racemates and Resolutions (Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1981), Wilen, S H., et al, Tetrahedron 33:2725 (1977); Eliel,
• the compounds disclosed herein can include E and Z isomers, or a mixture thereof, and cis and trans isomers or a mixture thereof.
• the compounds are isolated as either the E or Z isomer. In other embodiments, the compounds are a mixture of the E and Z isomers.
• Tautomers refers to isomeric forms of a compound that are in equilibrium with each other. The concentrations of the isomeric forms will depend on the environment the compound is found in and may be different depending upon, for example, whether the compound is a solid or is in an organic or aqueous solution. For example, in aqueous solution, pyrazoles may exhibit the following isomeric forms, which are referred to as tautomers of each other:
• the compounds disclosed herein can contain unnatural proportions of atomic isotopes at one or more of the atoms.
• the compounds may be radiolabeled with radioactive isotopes, such as for example tritium (3 ⁇ 4), iodine-125 ( 125 I), sulfur-35 ( 35 S), or carbon-14 ( 14 C), or may be isotopically enriched, such as with deuterium ( 2 H), carbon-13 ( 13 C), or nitrogen-15 ( 15 N).
• an “isotopologue” is an isotopically enriched compound.
• the term “isotopically enriched” refers to an atom having an isotopic composition other than the natural isotopic composition of that atom.
• “Isotopically enriched” may also refer to a compound containing at least one atom having an isotopic composition other than the natural isotopic composition of that atom.
• the term “isotopic composition” refers to the amount of each isotope present for a given atom.
• Radiolabeled and isotopically encriched compounds are useful as therapeutic agents, e.g., cancer therapeutic agents, research reagents, e.g., binding assay reagents, and diagnostic agents, e g., in vivo imaging agents. All isotopic variations of the compounds as described herein, whether radioactive or not, are intended to be encompassed within the scope of the embodiments provided herein.
• isotopologues of the compounds disclosed herein are deuterium, carbon-13, and/or nitrogen-15 enriched compounds.
• deuterated means a compound wherein at least one hydrogen (H) has been replaced by deuterium (indicated by D or 2 H), that is, the compound is enriched in deuterium in at least one position.
• each compound disclosed herein can be provided in the form of any of the pharmaceutically acceptable salts discussed herein. Equally, it is understood that the isotopic composition may vary independently from the stereoisomerical composition of each compound referred to herein. Further, the isotopic composition, while being restricted to those elements present in the respective compound or salt thereof disclosed herein, may otherwise vary independently from the selection of the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the respective compound.
• Treating means an alleviation, in whole or in part, of a disorder, disease or condition, or one or more of the symptoms associated with a disorder, disease, or condition, or slowing or halting of further progression or worsening of those symptoms, or alleviating or eradicating the cause(s) of the disorder, disease, or condition itself.
• the disorder is a neurodegenerative disease, as described herein, or a symptom thereof.
• Preventing means a method of delaying and/or precluding the onset, recurrence or spread, in whole or in part, of a disorder, disease or condition; barring a subject from acquiring a disorder, disease, or condition; or reducing a subject’s risk of acquiring a disorder, disease, or condition.
• the disorder is a neurodegenerative disease, as described herein, or symptoms thereof.
• the term “effective amount” in connection with a compound disclosed herein means an amount capable of treating or preventing a disorder, disease or condition, or symptoms thereof, disclosed herein.
• subject or “patient” as used herein include an animal, including, but not limited to, an animal such a cow, monkey, horse, sheep, pig, chicken, turkey, quail, cat, dog, mouse, rat, rabbit or guinea pig, in one embodiment a mammal, in another embodiment a human.
• a subject is a human having or at risk for having an S1P5 mediated disease, or a symptom thereof.
• Z 1 and Z 2 are independently CR 0 or N;
• L is azetidinyl optionally substituted with 1-5 substituents independently selected from halo and C 1 -C 6 alkyl; each R 0 is independently H, -CN, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, halo, C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl, or C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, or two R 0 groups are taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached to form a fused phenylene;
• R 1 is C 6 -C 10 aryl or 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl, each of which is optionally substituted by 1-5 R ' groups, wherein the heteroaryl contains 1 -3 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen and oxygen; each R is independently halo, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl, C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, or C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, or two R groups are taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached to form a fused phenylene;
• R 2 is H or C 1 -C 6 alkyl
• R 3 is -(CH 2 )x-CO 2 H; or the dashed line between R 2 and R 3 represents a ring structure where R 2 and R 3 are taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form a 4- to 6-membered heterocyclyl substituted by 1-5 R 4 groups, wherein at least one R 4 group is -CO 2 H; x is 1-5; each R 4 is independently -CO 2 H, halo, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl, or C 1 -C 6 alkoxy;
• R 5 and R6 are independently H or C 1 -C 6 alkyl; and n is 0 or 1.
• Z 1 and Z 2 are independently CR 0 or N. In some embodiments, Z 1 and Z 2 are each independently CR 0 . In some embodiments, one of Z 1 and Z 2 is N, and the other of Z 1 and Z 2 is CR 0 . In some embodiments, Z 1 is N and Z 2 is CR 0 . In some embodiments, Z 1 is CR 0 and Z 2 is N. In some embodiments, Z 1 and Z 2 are each N. In some embodiments, Z 1 and Z 2 are each CH. In some embodiments, Z 1 is CH and Z 2 is CR 0 , wherein R 0 is C 1 -C 6 alkyl.
• Z 1 is CR 0 , wherein R 0 is C 1 -C 6 alkyl, and Z 2 is CH. In some embodiments, Z 1 is CR 0 , wherein R 0 is halo, and Z 2 is CH. In some embodiments, Z 1 is CH and Z 2 is CR 0 , wherein R 0 is halo. In some embodiments, Z 1 is N and Z 2 is CH. In some embodiments, Z 1 is CH and Z 2 is N. In some embodiments, Z 1 is N and Z 2 is CR 0 , wherein R 0 is C 1 -C 6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Z 2 is N and Z 1 is CR 0 , wherein R 0 is C 1 -C 6 alkyl. In some embodiments, Z 2 is N and Z 1 is CR 0 , wherein R 0 is C 1 -C 6 alkyl.
• each R 0 is independently H, -CN, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, halo, C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl, or C 1 -C 6 alkoxy. In some embodiments, each R 0 is independently H, -CN, C 1 -C 3 alkyl, C3-C5 cycloalkyl, halo, C 1 -C 3 haloalkyl, or C 1 -C 3 alkoxy.
• each R 0 is independently H, -CN, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, Cl, F, -CF 3 , or -OCH 3
• each R 0 is independently H, methyl, or F.
• two R 0 groups are taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached to form a fused phenylene. [0079] In some embodiments, R 0 is H.
• R 0 is -CN.
• R 0 is C 1 -C 6 alkyl. In some embodiments, R 0 is C 1 -C 3 alkyl.
• R 0 is methyl, ethyl, «-propyl, or isopropyl. In some embodiments, R 0 is methyl. In some embodiments, R 0 is ethyl. In some embodiments, R 0 is «-propyl. In some embodiments, R 0 is isopropyl.
• R 0 is C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R 0 is C3-C5 cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R 0 is cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl. In some embodiments, R 0 is cyclopropyl.
• R 0 is halo. In some embodiments, R 0 is Cl, F, or Br. In some embodiments, R 0 is Cl. In some embodiments, R 0 is F. In some embodiments, R 0 is Br
• R 0 is C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl. In some embodiments, R 0 is C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl containing 1-13 halogen atoms. In some embodiments, R 0 is C 1 -C 3 haloalkyl containing 1-7 halogen atoms. In some embodiments, R 0 is -CF 3 , -CHF2, -CH 2 F, -CCI3, -CHCI2, -CH 2 C1, -CH 2 C1, -CFC1 2 , -CH 2 CF 3 , -CH 2 CHF 2 , or -CH 2 CC1 3 . In some embodiments, R 0 is -CFs.
• R 0 is C 1 -C 6 alkoxy. n some embodiments, R 0 is C 1 -C 3 alkoxy. In some embodiments, R 0 is -OCH 3 , -OCH 2 CH 3 , -OCH 2 CH 2 CH 3 , or -OCH(CH 3 )2. In some embodiments, R 0 is -OCH 3 In some embodiments, R 0 is -OCH 2 CH 3
• two R 0 groups are taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached to form a fused phenylene.
• Ring ⁇ [0087] In some embodiments, Ring ⁇
• Ring A is:
• L is azetidinyl optionally substituted with 1-5 substituents independently selected from halo and C 1 -C 6 alkyl. In some embodiments, L is optionally substituted with 1-5 substituents independently selected from halo and Ci-Cs alkyl.
• L is optionally substituted with 1-5 substituents independently selected from halo and C 1 -C 6 alkyl. In some embodiments, L is azetidinyl optionally substituted with 1-3 substituents independently selected from halo and C 1 -C 6 alkyl. In some embodiments, L is unsubstituted azetidinyl. In some embodiments, L is azetidinyl substituted with 1-5 substituents independently selected from halo and C 1 -C 6 alkyl. In some embodiments, L is azetidinyl substituted with 1-3 substituents independently selected from halo and C 1 -C 6 alkyl. In some embodiments, L is each of which is optionally substituted with 1-
• R 1 is C 6 -C 10 aryl or 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl, each of which is optionally substituted by 1-5 R ' groups, wherein the heteroaryl contains 1-3 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen and oxygen.
• R 1 is phenyl or 5- to 6- membered heteroaryl, each of which is optionally substituted by 1-3 R ' groups, wherein the heteroaryl contains 1-2 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen and oxygen.
• R 1 is phenyl optionally substituted by 1-3 R groups.
• R 1 is C 6 -C 10 aryl optionally substituted by 1-5 R groups. In some embodiments, R 1 is C6-C10 aryl optionally substituted by 1-3 R groups. In some embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted C6-C10 aryl. In some embodiments, R 1 is C6-C10 aryl substituted by 1-5 R ' groups. In some embodiments, R 1 is C6-C10 aryl substituted by 1-5 R ' groups. In some embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted phenyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is phenyl substituted by 1-3 R ' groups.
• R 1 is 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl optionally substituted by 1- 5 R ' groups, wherein the heteroaryl contains 1-3 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen and oxygen.
• R 1 is unsubstituted 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl, wherein the heteroaryl contains 1-3 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen and oxygen.
• R 1 is 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl substituted by 1-5 R groups, wherein the heteroaryl contains 1-3 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen and oxygen.
• R 1 is 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl optionally substituted by 1-3 R ' groups, wherein the heteroaryl contains 1-2 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen and oxygen.
• R 1 is 5-membered heteroaryl optionally substituted by 1-5 R groups, wherein the heteroaryl contains 1-3 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen and oxygen.
• R 1 is pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, or furanyl, each of which is optionally substituted by 1-5 R groups.
• R 1 is 6-membered heteroaryl optionally substituted by 1-5 R ' groups, wherein the heteroaryl contains 1-3 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen and oxygen.
• R 1 is pyridinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, or triazinyl, each of which is optionally substituted by 1-5 R groups
• each R ' is independently halo, CL-C6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl, C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, or C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, each R is independently halo, C 1 -C 3 alkyl, C 1 -C 3 haloalkyl, C 1 -C 3 alkoxy, or C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, each R ' is independently halo, C 1 -C 3 alkyl, C 1 -C 3 haloalkyl, or C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl.
• each R is independently F, Cl, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, -CHF2, or cyclopropyl.
• two R ' groups are taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached to form a fused phenylene.
• R is halo. In some embodiments, R is F, Cl, or Br. In some embodiments, R ' is F. In some embodiments, R is Cl. In some embodiments, R ' is Br.
• R is C 1 -C6 alkyl. In some embodiments, R is C 1 -C 3 alkyl. In some embodiments, R is methyl, ethyl, «-propyl, or isopropyl. In some embodiments, R is methyl. In some embodiments, R is ethyl. In some embodiments, R is «-propyl. In some embodiments, R ' is isopropyl.
• R is C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl. In some embodiments, R is C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl containing 1-13 halogen atoms. In some embodiments, R ' is C 1 -C 3 haloalkyl In some embodiments, R ' is C 1 -C 3 haloalkyl containing 1-7 halogen atoms In some embodiments, R ' is -CF 3 , -CHF2, -CH 2 F, -CCI3, -CHCI2, -CH 2 CI, -CH 2 C1, -CFCI2, -CH 2 CF 3 , -CH 2 CHF2, or -CH 2 CCI3. In some embodiments, R ' is -CF 3 . In some embodiments, R is -CHF2.
• R ' is C 1 -C 6 alkoxy. In some embodiments, R ' is C 1 -C 3 alkoxy. In some embodiments, R is -OCH 3 , -OCH 2 CH 3 , -OCH 2 CH 2 CH3 , or -OCH(CH 3 )2 In some embodiments, R ' is -OCH 3 .
• R ' is C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R ' is C3-C5 cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R ' is cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl. In some embodiments, R ' is cyclopropyl. In some embodiments, R ' is cyclobutyl.
• two R ' groups are taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached to form a fused phenylene.
• R 1 is: [00101] In some embodiments, R 2 is H or C 1 -C 6 alkyl. In some embodiments, R 2 is H. In some embodiments, R 2 is Ci-G, alkyl. In some embodiments, R 2 is C 1 -C 3 alkyl. In some embodiments, R 2 is methyl, ethyl, «-propyl, or isopropyl. In some embodiments, R 2 is methyl.
• R 2 is ethyl
• R 3 is -(CFhVCCkH, wherein x is 1-5. In some embodiments,
• R 3 is -(CH 2 ) X -CO 2 H, wherein x is 1-3. In some embodiments, R 3 is -CH 2 CO 2 H In some embodiments, R 3 is -(CH 2 ) 2 CO 2 H. In some embodiments, R 3 is -(CH 2 ) 3 CO 2 H
• x is 1-5. In some embodiments, x is 1-3. In some embodiments, x is 1. In some embodiments, x is 2. In some embodiments, x is 3. In some embodiments, x is 4. In some embodiments, x is 5.
• R 2 is H or C 1 -C 3 alkyl; R 3 is -(CFkVCCkH; and x is 1-3. In some embodiments, R 2 is H; R 3 is -(CH 2 )x-CO 2 H; and x is 1-3. In some embodiments, R 2 is Ci-
• R 2 and R 3 are taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form a 4- to 6-membered heterocyclyl substituted by 1-5 R 4 groups, wherein at least one R 4 group is -CO 2 H.
• the heterocyclyl is saturated and has no additional heteroatoms.
• R 2 and R 3 are taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form a 4-membered heterocyclyl substituted by 1-5 R 4 groups, wherein at least one R 4 group is -CO 2 H.
• R 2 and R 3 are taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form a 5-membered heterocyclyl substituted by 1-5 R 4 groups, wherein at least one R 4 group is -CO 2 H. In some embodiments, R 2 and R 3 are taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form a 6- membered heterocyclyl substituted by 1-5 R 4 groups, wherein at least one R 4 group is -CO 2 H.
• R 2 and R 3 are taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form a 4- to 6-membered heterocyclyl substituted by 1-3 R 4 groups, wherein at least one R 4 group is -CO 2 H.
• the heterocyclyl is azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, or piperidinyl, each of which is substituted by 1-5 R 4 groups, wherein at least one R 4 group is -CO 2 H.
• each R 4 is independently -CO 2 H, halo, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl, or C1-C 6 alkoxy. In some embodiments, each R 4 is independently -CO 2 H, halo, C 1 -C 3 alkyl, C 1 -C 3 haloalkyl, or C 1 -C 3 alkoxy. In some embodiments, each R 4 is independently -CO 2 H, methyl, F, Cl, -CFs, or -OCH 3 [00108] In some embodiments, R 4 is -CO 2 H.
• R 4 is halo. In some embodiments, R 4 is F, Cl, or Br. In some embodiments, R 4 is F. In some embodiments, R 4 is Cl.
• R 4 is C 1 -C 6 alkyl. In some embodiments, R 4 is C 1 -C 3 alkyl.
• R 4 is methyl, ethyl, «-propyl, or isopropyl. In some embodiments, R 4 is methyl. In some embodiments, R 4 is ethyl.
• R 4 is C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl. In some embodiments, R 4 is C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl containing 1-13 halogen atoms. In some embodiments, R 4 is C 1 -C 3 haloalkyl. In some embodiments, R 4 is C 1 -C 3 haloalkyl containing 1-7 halogen atoms.
• R 4 is -CF 3 , -CHF 2 , -CH 2 F, -CCh, -CHCI 2 , -CH 2 C1, -CF 2 CI, -CFCI 2 , -CH 2 CF 3 , -CH 2 CHF 2 , or -CH 2 CCI 3 . In some embodiments, R 4 is -CF 3 .
• R 4 is C 1 -C 6 alkoxy. In some embodiments, R 4 is C 1 -C 3 alkoxy. In some embodiments, R 4 is -OCH 3 , -OCH 2 CH 3 , -OCH 2 CH 2 CH 3 , or -OCH(CH 3 ) 2 . In some embodiments, R 4 is -OCH 3 .
• n is 0. In some embodiments, n is i.
• R 5 and R 6 are independently H or C 1 -C 6 alkyl. In some embodiments, R 5 and Re are independently H or C 1 -C 3 alkyl. In some embodiments, R 5 and R 6 are independently H or methyl.
• R 5 is H. In some embodiments, R 5 is C 1 -C 6 alkyl. In some embodiments, R 5 is C 1 -C 3 alkyl. In some embodiments, R 5 is methyl, ethyl, «-propyl, or isopropyl.
• R 6 is H. In some embodiments, R6 is C 1 -C 6 alkyl. In some embodiments, R 6 is C 1 -C 3 alkyl. In some embodiments, Re is methyl, ethyl, «-propyl, or isopropyl.
• R 5 and R 6 are each H. In some embodiments, one of R 5 and R 6 is H and the other of R 5 and R 6 is C 1 -C 6 alkyl. In some embodiments, one of R 5 and R 6 is H and the other of R 5 and R 6 is C 1 -C 3 alkyl. In some embodiments, one of R 5 and R6 is H and the other of R 5 and R 6 is methyl, ethyl, «-propyl, or isopropyl. In some embodiments, one of R 5 and
• R 5 is H and the other of R 5 and Re is methyl.
• -CR 5 R 6 - is -CH 2 -, -CH(CH 3 )-, or -C(CH 3 )2-.
• the compound of Formula (I) is a compound of Formula (II): wherein L, R 0 , R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are as described for Formula (I).
• the compound of Formula (P) is a compound of Formula (IIA) or (IIB):
• the compound of Formula (P) is a compound of Formula (Ila), (llb), (llc), (lld), (ela), or (Ilf):
• the compound of Formula (P) is a compound of Formula (II- l), (II-2), or (n-3):
• the compound of Formula (P) is a compound of Formula (Il1a), (Il-lb), (II-2a), (II-2b), (II-3a), or (II-3b):
• the compound of Formula (I) is a compound of Formula (III): wherein L, R 0 , Z 1 , Z 2 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are as described for Formula (I), and membered heterocyclyl.
• the compound of Formula (III) is a compound of Formula (IIIA), (IIIB), (lIIC), or (lIID):
• the compound of Formula (I I) is a compound of Formula (Illa), (Illb), (IIIc), (Illd), (Ille), (Illf), (Illg). or (Illh):
• each R ” is independently selected from halo and C 1 -C 6 alkyl.
• the compound of Formula (III) is a compound of Formula (III-l), (III-2), (III-3), or (III-4):
• the compound of Formula (III) is a compound of Formula (III- la), (III- lb), (III-2a), (III-2b), (III-3a), (III-3b), (III-4a), or (III-4b):
• each R ” is independently selected from halo and C 1 -C 6 alkyl.
• the compound of Formula (III) is a compound of Formula (IV-a), (IV-b), (IV-c), (IV-d), (IV-e), or (IV-f):
• each R is independently selected from halo and C 1 -C 6 alkyl.
• each R ' is independently halo or C 1 -C 6 alkyl; and each R 0 is independently halo or C 1 - C 6 alkyl.
• a compound selected from the compounds in Table 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is provided.
• certain compounds described in the present disclosure, including in Table 1 are presented as specific stereoisomers and/or in a non-stereochemical form, it is understood that any or all stereochemical forms, including any enantiomeric or diastereomeric forms, and any tautomers or other forms of any of the compounds of the present disclosure, including in Table 1, are herein described.
• compounds of general formula A can be synthesized from aryl bromide a or a-1 viaNegishi coupling with azetidine b, followed by reductive animation with aminoacid ester c, Buchwald coupling with an aryl bromide, and subsequent hydrolysis.
• compounds of general formula A can be synthesized from aryl bromide a or a-1 by coupling with aminoacid ester c, following by Negishi coupling with azetidine b, Buchwald coupling with an aryl bromide, and subsequent hydrolysis.
• Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method for modulating sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 5 (S1P5) in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I).
• Modulation e.g ., inhibition or activation
• Kits and commercially available assays can be utilized for determining whether and to what degree S1P5 has been modulated (e.g., inhibited or activated).
• a method of modulating S1P5 comprising contacting S1P5 with an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I) or any embodiment or variation thereof.
• the compound of Formula (I) inhibits S1P5.
• the compound ofFormula (I) activates S1P5.
• the compound ofFormula (I) is an agonist of S1P5.
• the compound of Formula (I) is an antagonist of S1P5.
• a compound ofFormula (I) modulates the activity of S1P5 by about 1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 100%.
• a compound ofFormula (I) modulates the activity of S1P5 by about 1-100%, 5-100%, 10-100%, 15-100%, 20-100%, 25-100%, 30- 100%, 35-100%, 40-100%, 45-100%, 50-100%, 55-100%, 60-100%, 65-100%, 70-100%, 75- 100%, 80-100%, 85-100%, 90-100%, 95-100%, 5-95%, 5-90%, 5-85%, 5-80%, 5-75%, 5-70%, 5-65%, 5-60%, 5-55%, 5-50%, 5-45%, 5-40%, 5-35%, 5-30%, 5-25%, 5-20%, 5-15%, 5-10%, 10-90%, 20-80%, 30-70%, or 40-60%.
• a method for treating a neurological disease in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound ofFormula (I).
• a method for preventing a neurological disease in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I).
• a neurological disease include Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral schlerosis (ALS), Bell’s Palsy, ataxia, cerebral aneurysm, epilepsy, seizures, acute spinal cord injury, Guillain-Barre syndrome, meningitis, Niemann Pick disease, and Parkinson’s disease.
• the neurological disease is Alzheimer’s disease or multiple sclerosis.
• the neurological disease is Alzheimer’s disease.
• the neurological disease is multiple sclerosis.
• administering a compound of Formula (I) to a subject that is predisposed to a neurological disease prevents the subject from developing any symptoms of the neurological disease. In some embodiments, administering a compound of Formula (I) to a subject that is does not yet display symptoms of a neurological disease prevents the subject from developing any symptoms of the neurological disease. In some embodiments, administering a compound of Formula (I) to a subject in need thereof diminishes the extent of the neurological disease in the subject. In some embodiments, administering a compound of Formula (I) to a subject in need thereof stabilizes the neurological disease (prevents or delays the worsening of the neurological disease).
• administering a compound of Formula (I) to a subject in need thereof delays the occurrence or recurrence of the neurological disease. In some embodiments, administering a compound of Formula (I) to a subject in need thereof slows the progression of the neurological disease. In some embodiments, administering a compound of Formula (I) to a subject in need thereof provides a partial remission of the neurological disease. In some embodiments, administering a compound of Formula (I) to a subject in need thereof provides a total remission of the neurological disease. In some embodiments, administering a compound of Formula (I) to a subject in need thereof decreases the dose of one or more other medications required to treat the neurological disease.
• administering a compound of Formula (I) to a subject in need thereof enhances the effect of another medication used to treat the neurological disease. In some embodiments, administering a compound of Formula (I) to a subject in need thereof delays the progression of the neurological disease. In some embodiments, administering a compound of Formula (I) to a subject in need thereof increases the quality of life of the subject having a neurological disease. In some embodiments, administering a compound of Formula (I) to a subject in need thereof prolongs survival of a subject having a neurological disease.
• provided herein is method of preventing a subject that is predisposed to a neurological disease from developing any symptoms of the neurological disease, the method comprising administering a compound of Formula (I) to the subject.
• a method of preventing a subject that does not yet display symptoms of a neurological disease from developing any symptoms of the neurological disease the method comprising administering a compound of Formula (I) to the subject.
• provided herein is a method of diminishing the extent of a neurological disease in a subject, the method comprising administering a compound of Formula (I) to the subject.
• a method of stabilizing a neurological disease in a subject the method comprising administering a compound of Formula (I) to the subject.
• the method prevents the worsening of the neurological disease.
• the method delays the worsening of the neurological disease.
• a method of delaying the occurrence or recurrence of a neurological disease in a subject the method comprising administering a compound of Formula (I) to the subject.
• provided herein is a method of slowing the progression of a neurological disease in a subject, the method comprising administering a compound of Formula (I) to the subject.
• the method provides a partial remission of the neurological disease.
• the method provides a total remission of the neurological disease.
• a method of decreasing the dose of one or more other medications required to treat a neurological disease in a subject comprising administering a compound of Formula (I) to the subject.
• a method of enhancing the effect of another medication used to treat a neurological disease in a subject comprising administering a compound of Formula (I) to the subject.
• a method of delaying the progression of a neurological disease in a subject comprising administering a compound of Formula (I) to the subject.
• the method increases the quality of life of the subject having a neurological disease.
• the method prolongs survival of the subject having a neurological disease.
• provided herein is a method for treating neurological symptoms caused by a disease in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I).
• a method for preventing neurological symptoms caused by a disease in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I).
• administering a compound of Formula (I) to a subject that is predisposed to a disease which causes neurological symptoms prevents the subject from developing any neurological symptoms.
• administering a compound of Formula (I) to a subject that is does not yet display neurological symptoms of a disease which causes neurological symptoms prevents the subject from developing any neurological symptoms.
• administering a compound of Formula (I) to a subject in need thereof diminishes the extent of the neurological symptoms caused by the disease in the subject. In some embodiments, administering a compound of Formula (I) to a subject in need thereof stabilizes the neurological symptoms of the disease (prevents or delays the worsening of the neurological symptoms). In some embodiments, administering a compound of Formula (I) to a subject in need thereof delays the occurrence or recurrence of the neurological symptoms caused by the disease. In some embodiments, administering a compound of Formula (I) to a subject in need thereof slows the progression of the neurological symptoms caused by the disease.
• administering a compound of Formula (I) to a subject in need thereof provides a partial remission of the disease which causes neurological symptoms. In some embodiments, administering a compound of Formula (I) to a subject in need thereof provides a total remission of the disease which causes neurological symptoms. In some embodiments, administering a compound of Formula (I) to a subject in need thereof decreases the dose of one or more other medications required to treat the disease which causes neurological symptoms. In some embodiments, administering a compound of Formula (I) to a subject in need thereof enhances the effect of another medication used to treat the neurological symptoms of the disease In some embodiments, administering a compound of Formula (I) to a subject in need thereof delays the progression of the disease which causes neurological symptoms.
• administering a compound of Formula (I) to a subject in need thereof increases the quality of life of the subject having a disease which causes neurological symptoms. In some embodiments, administering a compound of Formula (I) to a subject in need thereof prolongs survival of a subject having a disease which causes neurological symptoms. In some embodiments, the disease is Niemann-Pick disease.
• compounds of Formula (I) are useful for treating a disorder selected from Alzheimer's disease, arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, juvenile chronic arthritis, Lyme arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, reactive arthritis, and septic arthritis, spondyloarthropathy, systemic lupus erythematosus, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, inflammatory bowel disease, insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, thyroiditis, asthma, allergic diseases, psoriasis, dermatitis scleroderma, graft versus host disease, organ transplant rejection (including but not limited to bone marrow and solid organ rejection), acute or chronic immune disease associated with organ transplantation, sarcoidosis, atherosclerosis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, Kawasaki's disease, Grave's disease, nephrotic syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome, Wegener's granulomatosis, Henoch-Schoenlein purpurea,
• the compounds provided herein can be administered to a subject orally, topically or parenterally in the conventional form of preparations, such as capsules, microcapsules, tablets, granules, powder, troches, pills, suppositories, injections, suspensions, syrups, patches, creams, lotions, ointments, gels, sprays, solutions and emulsions.
• preparations such as capsules, microcapsules, tablets, granules, powder, troches, pills, suppositories, injections, suspensions, syrups, patches, creams, lotions, ointments, gels, sprays, solutions and emulsions.
• the compounds disclosed herein can be administered to a subject orally, topically or parenterally in the conventional form of preparations, such as capsules, microcapsules, tablets, granules, powder, troches, pills, suppositories, injections, suspensions, syrups, patches, creams, lotions, ointments, gels, sprays, solutions and emulsions.
• preparations such as capsules, microcapsules, tablets, granules, powder, troches, pills, suppositories, injections, suspensions, syrups, patches, creams, lotions, ointments, gels, sprays, solutions and emulsions.
• Suitable formulations can be prepared by methods commonly employed using conventional, organic or inorganic additives, such as an excipient (e.g., sucrose, starch, mannitol, sorbitol, lactose, glucose, cellulose, talc, calcium phosphate or calcium carbonate), a binder (e.g., cellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxymethylcellulose, polypropylpyrrolidone, polyvinylpyrrolidone, gelatin, gum arabic, polyethyleneglycol, sucrose or starch), a disintegrator (e.g., starch, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylstarch, low substituted hydroxypropylcellulose, sodium bicarbonate, calcium phosphate or calcium citrate), a lubricant (e.g., magnesium stearate, light anhydrous silicic acid, talc or sodium lauryl sulfate), a flavoring agent (e.g., citric acid, menthol, glycine or orange powder
• the effective amount of the compounds of Formula (I) in the pharmaceutical composition may be at a level that will exercise the desired effect; for example, about 0.005 mg/kg of a subject’s body weight to about 10 mg/kg of a subject’s body weight in unit dosage for both oral and parenteral administration.
• the dose of a compound of Formula (I) to be administered to a subject is rather widely variable and can be subject to the judgment of a health-care practitioner.
• the compounds disclosed herein can be administered one to four times a day in a dose of about 0.001 mg/kg of a subject’s body weight to about 10 mg/kg of a subject’s body weight, but the above dosage may be properly varied depending on the age, body weight and medical condition of the subject and the type of administration.
• the dose is about 0.001 mg/kg of a subject’s body weight to about 5 mg/kg of a subject’s body weight, about 0.01 mg/kg of a subject’s body weight to about 5 mg/kg of a subj ect’ s body weight, about 0.05 mg/kg of a subj ect’ s body weight to about 1 mg/kg of a subj ect’ s body weight, about 0.1 mg/kg of a subject’s body weight to about 0.75 mg/kg of a subject’s body weight or about 0.25 mg/kg of a subject’s body weight to about 0.5 mg/kg of a subject’s body weight.
• one dose is given per day.
• the amount of the compound of Formula (I) administered will depend on such factors as the solubility of the active component, the formulation used and the route of administration.
• a compound of Formula (I) is administered to a subject at a dose of about 0.01 mg/day to about 750 mg/day, about 0.1 mg/day to about 375 mg/day, about 0.1 mg/day to about 150 mg/day, about 0.1 mg/day to about 75 mg/day, about 0.1 mg/day to about 50 mg/day, about 0.1 mg/day to about 25 mg/day, or about 0.1 mg/day to about 10 mg/day.
• unit dosage formulations that comprise between about 0.1 mg and 500 mg, about 1 mg and 250 mg, about 1 mg and about 100 mg, about 1 mg and about 50 mg, about 1 mg and about 25 mg, or between about 1 mg and about 10 mg of a compound of Formula (I).
• unit dosage formulations comprising about 0.1 mg or 100 mg of a compound of Formula (I).
• unit dosage formulations that comprise 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg, 35 mg, 50 mg, 70 mg, 100 mg, 125 mg, 140 mg, 175 mg, 200 mg, 250 mg, 280 mg, 350 mg, 500 mg, 560 mg, 700 mg, 750 mg, 1000 mg or 1400 mg of a compound of Formula (I).
• a compound of Formula (I) can be administered once, twice, three, four or more times daily. In a particular embodiment, doses of 100 mg or less are administered as a once daily dose and doses of more than 100 mg are administered twice daily in an amount equal to one half of the total daily dose.
• a compound of Formula (I) can be administered orally for reasons of convenience.
• a compound of Formula (I) when administered orally, is administered with a meal and water.
• the compound of Formula (I) is dispersed in water or juice (e.g ., apple juice or orange juice) or any other liquid and administered orally as a solution or a suspension.
• the compounds disclosed herein can also be administered intradermally, intramuscularly, intraperitoneally, percutaneously, intravenously, subcutaneously, intranasally, epidurally, sublingually, intracerebrally, intravaginally, transdermally, rectally, mucosally, by inhalation, or topically to the ears, nose, eyes, or skin.
• the mode of administration is left to the discretion of the health-care practitioner, and can depend in-part upon the site of the medical condition.
• capsules containing a compound of Formula (I) without an additional carrier, excipient or vehicle are provided herein.
• compositions comprising an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or vehicle, wherein a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or vehicle can comprise an excipient, diluent, or a mixture thereof.
• a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or vehicle can comprise an excipient, diluent, or a mixture thereof.
• the composition is a pharmaceutical composition.
• compositions can be in the form of tablets, chewable tablets, capsules, solutions, parenteral solutions, troches, suppositories and suspensions and the like.
• Compositions can be formulated to contain a daily dose, or a convenient fraction of a daily dose, in a dosage unit, which may be a single tablet or capsule or convenient volume of a liquid.
• the solutions are prepared from water-soluble salts, such as the hydrochloride salt.
• all of the compositions are prepared according to known methods in pharmaceutical chemistry.
• Capsules can be prepared by mixing a compound of Formula (I) with a suitable carrier or diluent and filling the proper amount of the mixture in capsules.
• the usual carriers and diluents include, but are not limited to, inert powdered substances such as starch of many different kinds, powdered cellulose, especially crystalline and microcrystalline cellulose, sugars such as fructose, mannitol and sucrose, grain flours and similar edible powders.
• Tablets can be prepared by direct compression, by wet granulation, or by dry granulation. Their formulations usually incorporate diluents, binders, lubricants and disintegrators as well as the compound. Typical diluents include, for example, various types of starch, lactose, mannitol, kaolin, calcium phosphate or sulfate, inorganic salts such as sodium chloride and powdered sugar. Powdered cellulose derivatives are also useful. Typical tablet binders are substances such as starch, gelatin and sugars such as lactose, fructose, glucose and the like. Natural and synthetic gums are also convenient, including acacia, alginates, methylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidine and the like. Polyethylene glycol, ethyl cellulose and waxes can also serve as binders.
• Typical diluents include, for example, various types of starch, lactose, mannitol, kaolin,
• a lubricant might be necessary in a tablet formulation to prevent the tablet and punches from sticking in the dye.
• the lubricant can be chosen from such slippery solids as talc, magnesium and calcium stearate, stearic acid and hydrogenated vegetable oils.
• Tablet disintegrators are substances that swell when wetted to break up the tablet and release the compound. They include starches, clays, celluloses, algins and gums. More particularly, com and potato starches, methylcellulose, agar, bentonite, wood cellulose, powdered natural sponge, cation-exchange resins, alginic acid, guar gum, citrus pulp and carboxymethyl cellulose, for example, can be used as well as sodium lauryl sulfate. Tablets can be coated with sugar as a flavor and sealant, or with film-forming protecting agents to modify the dissolution properties of the tablet.
• the compositions can also be formulated as chewable tablets, for example, by using substances such as mannitol in the formulation
• Cocoa butter is a traditional suppository base, which can be modified by addition of waxes to raise its melting point slightly.
• Water-miscible suppository bases comprising, particularly, polyethylene glycols of various molecular weights are in wide use.
• the effect of the compound of Formula (I) can be delayed or prolonged by proper formulation.
• a slowly soluble pellet of the compound of Formula (I) can be prepared and incorporated in a tablet or capsule, or as a slow-release implantable device. The technique also includes making pellets of several different dissolution rates and filling capsules with a mixture of the pellets.
• Tablets or capsules can be coated with a film that resists dissolution for a predictable period of time. Even the parenteral preparations can be made long- acting, by dissolving or suspending the compound of Formula (I) in oily or emulsified vehicles that allow it to disperse slowly in the serum
• Embodiment PI A compound of Formula (I): or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
• Z 1 and Z 2 are independently CR 0 or N;
• L is azetidinyl optionally substituted with 1-5 substituents independently selected from halo and C 1 -C 6 alkyl; each R 0 is independently H, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, halo, C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl, or C 1 -C 6 alkoxy;
• R 1 is C 6 -C 10 aryl or 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl, each of which is optionally substituted by 1-5 R ' groups, wherein the heteroaryl contains 1 -3 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen and oxygen; each R is independently halo, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl, C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, or C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl;
• R 2 is FI or C 1 -C 6 alkyl
• R 3 is -(CH 2 ) X -CO 2 H; or the dashed line between R 2 and R 3 represents a ring structure where R 2 and R 3 are taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form a 4- to 6-membered heterocyclyl substituted by 1-5 R 4 groups, wherein at least one R 4 group is -CO 2 H; x is 1-5; each Rr is independently -CO 2 H, halo, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl, or C 1 -C 6 alkoxy;
• R 5 and R6 are independently H or C 1 -C 6 alkyl; and n is 0 or 1.
• Embodiment P2 The compound of embodiment PI, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
• Embodiment P3 The compound of embodiment PI, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: Ring
• Embodiment P4 The compound of embodiment P3, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
• Z 1 and Z 2 are each independently CR 0 .
• Embodiment P5. The compound of embodiment P3, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
• Z 1 is N; and Z 2 is CR 0 .
• Embodiment P6 The compound of embodiment P3, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
• Z 1 is CR 0 ; and Z 2 is N.
• Embodiment P7 The compound of any one of embodiments P1-P6, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: each R 0 is independently H, C 1 -C 3 alkyl, halo, C 1 -C 3 haloalkyl, or C 1 -C 3 alkoxy.
• Embodiment P8 The compound of embodiment P7, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: each R 0 is independently H, methyl, Cl, F, -CF 3 , or -OCH 3 .
• Embodiment P9 The compound of any one of embodiments PI, P2, P7, and P8, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
• Embodiment P10 The compound of any one of embodiments PI and P3-P8, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: [00180] Embodiment PI 1. The compound of any one of embodiments P1-P10, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
• L is , each of which is optionally substituted with 1-2 substituents independently selected from halo and C 1 -C 3 alkyl.
• Embodiment P12 The compound of embodiment PI 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
• Embodiment P13 The compound of embodiment P12, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
• Embodiment PI 4 The compound of any one of embodiments PI -PI 3, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
• R 1 is phenyl or 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl, each of which is optionally substituted by 1-3 R groups, wherein the heteroaryl contains 1-2 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen and oxygen.
• Embodiment P15 The compound of embodiment P14, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
• R 1 is phenyl optionally substituted by 1-3 R groups.
• Embodiment P16 The compound of any one of embodiments P1-P15, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: each R is independently halo, C 1 -C 3 alkyl, C 1 -C 3 haloalkyl, C 1 -C 3 alkoxy, or C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl.
• Embodiment P17 The compound of embodiment P16, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: each R is independently halo or C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl.
• Embodiment P18 The compound of embodiment P17, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: each R is independently F, Cl, or cyclopropyl.
• Embodiment PI 9 The compound of any one of embodiments PI -PI 8, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
• Embodiment P20 The compound of any one of embodiments PI -PI 9, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
• R 2 is H or C 1 -C 3 alkyl
• R 3 is -(CH 2 )X-CO 2 H; and x is 1-3.
• Embodiment P21 The compound of embodiment P20, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
• Embodiment P22 The compound of any one of embodiments PI -PI 9, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
• R 2 and R 3 are taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form a 4- to 6- membered heterocyclyl substituted by 1-3 R 4 groups, wherein at least one R 4 group is
• Embodiment P23 The compound of embodiment P22, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: each R 4 is independently -CO 2 H, halo, C 1 -C 3 alkyl, C 1 -C 3 haloalkyl, or C 1 -C 3 alkoxy.
• Embodiment P24 The compound of embodiment P23, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: each Rr is independently -CO 2 H, methyl, Cl, -CF 3 , or -OCH 3 .
• Embodiment P25 The compound of any one of embodiments P1-P19 and P22-P24, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
• Embodiment P26 The compound of any one of embodiments P1-P25, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: n is 0.
• Embodiment P27 The compound of any one of embodiments P1-P25, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: n is 1.
• Embodiment P28 The compound of embodiment P27, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
• R 5 and R 6 are independently H or C 1 -C 3 alkyl.
• Embodiment P29 The compound of embodiment P28, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
• R 5 and R 6 are independently H or methyl.
• Embodiment P30 The compound of embodiment P29, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
• -CR 5 R 6 - is -CH 2 - or -CH(CH 3 )-.
• Embodiment P31 The compound of any one of embodiments P1, P2, P7-P9, and 1I 1-P26, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the compound is of Formula (II):
• Embodiment P32 The compound of any one of embodiments PI, P3-P8, P10-P19, P22-P25, and P27-P30, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the compound is of Formula (III): and is a 4- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, wherein at least one R 4 group is -CO 2 H.
• Embodiment P33 A compound selected from the compounds of Table 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• Embodiment P34 A pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of any one of embodiments P1-P33, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
• Embodiment P35 A method of modulating sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 5 (S1P5) comprising contacting S1P5 with an effective amount of the compound of any one of embodiments P1-P33, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or the pharmaceutical composition of embodiment P34.
• Embodiment P36 A method of treating a neurological disease in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of the compound of any one of embodiments P1-P33, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or the pharmaceutical composition of embodiment P34.
• Embodiment P37 The method of embodiment P36, wherein the neurological disease is Alzheimer’s disease or multiple sclerosis.
• Salts of the compounds described herein can be prepared by standard methods, such as inclusion of an acid (for example TFA, formic acid, or HC1) in the mobile phases during chromatography purification, or stirring of the products after chromatography purification, with a solution of an acid (for example, aqueous HC1)
• an acid for example TFA, formic acid, or HC1
• a solution of an acid for example, aqueous HC1
• LCMS (ESI, m/z): 445 [M+Hf. Analytic Conditions: Shim-pack XR-ODS, 3.0*50 mm, 2.2 ⁇ m; Mobile Phase A: water (0.05% TFA), Mobile Phase B: Acetonitrile (0.05% TFA); Flow rate: 1.20 mL/min; Gradient: 5% B to 100% B in 2.0 min, hold at 100% B for 0.7 min, 100% B to 5% B in 0.05 min; 254 nm; RT: 1.729 min.
• reaction mixture was concentrated and purified by flash column on silica gel (eluted with PE/EA, 1/3) to afford methyl l-(5-(l-(3- fluorophenyl)azetidin-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-l-yl)piperidine-4-carboxylate (130 mg, 0.318 mmol) as a yellow oil.
• LCMS (ESI, m/z): 409 [M+H] + .
• reaction mixture was concentrated and purified by flash column on silica gel (eluted with PE/EA, 7/3) to afford methyl l-(5-(l-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)azetidin-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden- l-yl)pyrrOlidine-3-carboxylate (30 mg, 20%) as a yellow oil.
• LCMS (ESI, m/z): 445 [M+H] + .
• the racemate (300 mg) was resolved by chiral HPLC (Column: CHIRALPAK IG, 3*25 cm, 5 ⁇ m; Mobile Phase A: Hex (0.1% IP A), Mobile Phase B: EtOH; Flow rate: 30 mL/min; Gradient: 50% B to 50% B in 32 min; 220/254 nm; RT1 : 22.3 min; RT2: 27.6 min) to afford the isomer 1 (120 mg) and the isomer 2 (120 mg), respectively.
• LCMS (ESI, m/z): 393 [M-H] ' .
• Analytic Conditions column: Shim-pack XR-ODS, 3.0*50 mm, 2.2 ⁇ m; mobile phase A: water (0.05% TFA), mobile phase B: acetonitrile (0.05% TFA), flow rate: 1.20 mL/min; gradient: 5% B to 100% B in 2.00 min, hold at 100% for 0.70 min, 100% B to 5% B in 0.05 min; 254 nm; RT: 1.537 min.
• the reaction mixture was acidified to pH 4-5 using acetic acid and then was concentrated The residue was purified by Prep-HPLC (Column: XBridge Prep OBD C18 Column, 30*150 mm, 5 ⁇ m; Mobile Phase A: water (10 mM NH 4 HCO 3 ), Mobile Phase B: ACN; Flow rate: 60 mL/min; Gradient: 20% B to 50% B in 10 min, 254/220 nm; RT: 9.67 min) to get l-(4-(l-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)azetidin-3-yl)- benzyl)azetidine-3-carboxylic acid (36.3 mg, 31.9% ) as a white solid.
• Prep-HPLC Column, 30*150 mm, 5 ⁇ m; Mobile Phase A: water (10 mM NH 4 HCO 3 ), Mobile Phase B: ACN; Flow rate: 60 mL/min; Gradient: 20% B to 50% B in 10 min, 254/220
• reaction mixture was concentrated and purified by flash column on silica gel (eluted with PE/EA, 1/3) to afford methyl l-(l-(4-(l-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)azetidin-3-yl)-2-methylphenyl)ethyl)piperidine-4- carboxylate (139 mg, 10.6% yield) as a yellow oil.
• LCMS ESI, mJzy. 461 [M+H] + .
• the racemate was resolved by chiral HPLC (Column: CHIRALPAK IG-3, 3.0*50 mm, 3 ⁇ m; Mobile Phase B: MeOH (1% 2M NH3-MeOH); Flow rate: 2 mL/min; Gradient: isocratic 20% B; Wavelength: 220 nm) to afford 65 mg of the first enantiomer and 50 mg of the second enantiomer.
• reaction mixture was cooled to ambient temperature and filtered through a pad of celite and washed with ethyl acetate. The filtrate was then transferred to a separating funnel and washed with cold water (300 mL) followed by brine solution (200 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and concentrated under reduced pressure.
• Example S24 l-(4-(3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)azetidin-l-yl)benzyl)piperidine-4- carboxylic acid (24)
• LCMS Condition Column: Kinetex XB - C18 (75 x 3.0) mm, 2.6 ⁇ m, Mobile Phase: A: 5 mM Ammonium formate pH 3.3:ACN (98:02), Mobile Phase: B: 5 mM Ammonium formate pH 3.3:ACN (98:02), Flow Rate: 1.0 mL/min.
• Method 1 Column: Kinetex XB - Cl 8 (75 x 3.0)mm, 2.6 ⁇ m; Mobile Phase A: 5 mM Ammonium formate pH 3.3 :ACN (98:02); Mobile Phase B: ACN: Buffer (98:02); Flow Rate: l.O ml/min.
• Method 2 Column: XBridge C8 (50x4.6mm) 5 ⁇ m; Mobile phase A: 0.1% TFA in ⁇ 2 O; Mobile phase B: 0.1% TFA in ACN; Flow Rate: 1.5ml/min.
• Method 3 Column: Aquity Uplc BEH C18 (50 x 3.0)mm, 1.7 ⁇ m; Mobile Phase :A :0.1% FA in Water; Mobile Phase :B: 0.1% TFA in CAN; Flow Rate :1.0 ml/min.
• Method 4 Column: Aquity BEH C18 (50 x 3.0)mm, 1.7 ⁇ m; Mobile Phase A: 5 mM Ammonium formate pH 3.3 :ACN (98:02); Mobile Phase B: ACN: Buffer (98:02); Flow Rate: 0.7 ml/min.
• Method 5 Column: XSELECT CSH C18(50x4.6mm) 5 ⁇ m, Mobile phase A: 0.1% FA in ⁇ 2 O, Mobile phase B: ACN, Flow Rate: 1 5ml/min.
• Method 6 Column: XBridge C8 (50x4.6mm) 3.5 ⁇ m, Mobile phase A: 0.1% FA in ⁇ 2 O, Mobile phase B: ACN, Flow Rate : 1.5 ml/min.
• Example S35 l-(4-(3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-3-fluoroazetidin-l- yl)benzyl)piperidine-4-carboxylic acid (35)
• Example S36 l-(4-(3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-3-fluoroazetidin-l-yl)-3,5- dimethylbenzyl)-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid (36)
• reaction mixture was then cooled to ambient temperature and filtered through a pad of celite and washed with ethyl acetate. The filtrate was then concentrated under reduced pressure and the resulting residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (10 mL) and washed with ice cold water The organic layer was dried over sodium sulphate and concentrated.
• aqueous layer was then acidified with acetic acid to pH 4 and the precipitate was collected by filtration, rinsed with diethyl ether and dried under vacuum to afford l-(4-(l-(4- cy cl opropylphenyl)azeti din-3 -yl)benzyl)piperidine-4-carboxylic acid (24 mg, 47.9%) as beige solid.

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