WO2022265045A1 - 通信装置、通信方法、およびマルチホップ中継システム - Google Patents
通信装置、通信方法、およびマルチホップ中継システム Download PDFInfo
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- 238000013480 data collection Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W84/00—Network topologies
- H04W84/18—Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
- H04W40/24—Connectivity information management, e.g. connectivity discovery or connectivity update
- H04W40/28—Connectivity information management, e.g. connectivity discovery or connectivity update for reactive routing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J3/00—Time-division multiplex systems
- H04J3/02—Details
- H04J3/06—Synchronising arrangements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L7/00—Arrangements for synchronising receiver with transmitter
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
- H04W40/02—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing
- H04W40/023—Limited or focused flooding to selected areas of a network
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
- H04W40/02—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing
- H04W40/22—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing using selective relaying for reaching a BTS [Base Transceiver Station] or an access point
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/155—Ground-based stations
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a communication device, a communication method, and a multi-hop relay system that perform communication using the flooding method.
- Non-Patent Document 1 When a plurality of sensor nodes are arranged to collect data, a broadcast method called flooding using simultaneous transmission has been proposed in order to reduce the power consumption of the sensor nodes and increase the probability of data collection (see Non-Patent Document 1). ).
- the flooding method using simultaneous transmission when one sensor node transmits data, one or more relay nodes that received the data broadcast the same data immediately after receiving the data or with a fixed delay.
- This causes simultaneous transmission of radio signals (multiple relay nodes transmit the same radio signal at the same time or quasi-simultaneously), and by repeating this multiple times, data can be transmitted to the entire radio communication system. It is possible.
- the same data is transmitted simultaneously or quasi-simultaneously, so even if a relay node receives signals from a plurality of nodes at the same time or quasi-simultaneously, it can decode them. It also has the advantage of not requiring routing, simplifying implementation, and reducing power consumption.
- each wireless communication node is assigned a time slot, its own node data is transmitted using the flooding method in the time slot, and the relay node that receives the data relays the data in the assigned time slot.
- the data transmitted from the transmission node is relayed by repeating this and finally reaches the data collection node.
- channel hopping technology In wireless communication, channel hopping technology is known that switches the frequency channel used for packet transmission with the aim of improving interference resistance performance. According to channel hopping technology, communication can be continued even when a specific channel is occupied by another wireless system, etc. However, synchronization of the frequency channel used for packet transmission between the transmitting side and the receiving side is required. need to take.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a technology that is advantageous for efficient communication in a radio communication system that uses a flooding method and performs communication by channel hopping.
- a communication device includes: A communication device of a multi-hop relay system that transmits and receives packets using a flooding scheme in a first flooding slot and a second flooding slot each including a plurality of subslots, Switching the frequency channel used for packet transmission/reception between the first sub-slot and the second sub-slot in the first flooding slot, The frequency channel used for packet transmission/reception is not switched within the second flooding slot, and the frequency channel used for packet transmission/reception is switched between the plurality of second flooding slots. It is characterized by having channel control means.
- a communication method includes: A communication method for a multi-hop relay system for transmitting and receiving packets between nodes using a flooding scheme in a first flooding slot and a second flooding slot each including a plurality of subslots, comprising: switching a frequency channel used for packet transmission/reception between a first sub-slot and a second sub-slot in the first flooding slot; switching the frequency channel used for packet transmission/reception among a plurality of the second flooding slots without switching the frequency channel used for packet transmission/reception within the second flooding slot; characterized by comprising
- a multi-hop relay system includes: A multi-hop relay system for transmitting and receiving packets between nodes using a flooding scheme in a first flooding slot and a second flooding slot each containing a plurality of subslots, comprising: Switching the frequency channel used for packet transmission/reception between the first sub-slot and the second sub-slot in the first flooding slot, The frequency channel used for packet transmission/reception is not switched within the second flooding slot, and the frequency channel used for packet transmission/reception is switched between the plurality of second flooding slots. It is characterized by
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment
- FIG. 4 is a functional block diagram of a transmission node according to one embodiment
- FIG. 4 is a functional block diagram of a relay node according to one embodiment
- FIG. 4 is a timing diagram illustrating sub-slots for communication using a flooding scheme, according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a sequence diagram showing flooding slots in communication using the flooding scheme according to one embodiment
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of the structure of packets transmitted and received in communication using the flooding method according to one embodiment;
- FIG. 4 is a timing diagram showing the structure of a flooding slot for transmission of synchronization packets
- FIG. 3 is a timing diagram showing the structure of a flooding slot for transmission of data packets
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of channels used for each flooding slot
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of channels used in flooding slots for transmission of synchronization packets
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a wireless communication system 100 (multi-hop relay system) according to this embodiment.
- the wireless communication system 100 includes a transmission node 110 and relay nodes 120a to 120e (which may be referred to as relay nodes 120 without distinction).
- relay nodes 120 since multiple relay nodes 120 need to perform simultaneous transmission, synchronization between nodes in the wireless communication system 100 is required.
- one transmission node 110 in the wireless communication system periodically transmits a synchronization packet, and the relay node 120 that receives the synchronization packet forwards the synchronization packet by flooding communication. By doing so, the synchronization packet is transmitted to all nodes in the wireless communication system 100 .
- Each node that receives the synchronization packet calculates the time difference between each node and the transmission node 110 based on the time information contained in the synchronization packet and the number of transfers of the synchronization packet, and performs time synchronization.
- the relay node waits for a synchronous packet, receives the synchronous packet, synchronizes with the system clock, and then participates in the wireless communication system.
- a node that wants to transmit a packet containing data such as sensor data is assigned permission to transmit data using the assigned flooding slot.
- a wireless communication node that has been granted transmission permission transmits a packet containing sensor data and the like within its own assigned flooding slot.
- Other nodes that have received the packet immediately broadcast the same packet using the flooding method, repeating the operation.
- the transmitting node 110 transmits synchronization packets for synchronizing each node using a flooding scheme in the flooding slots for synchronization.
- the relay node 120 forwards the synchronization packets received from the transmission node 110 or other relay nodes 120, thereby flooding the synchronization packets throughout the system and synchronizing the nodes.
- a flooding slot refers to a cycle of repeated broadcast transmissions using a flooding scheme to transmit packets from one wireless communication node to at least one other destination wireless communication node.
- a time slot for each node to transmit or receive is called a subslot.
- the length of a sub-slot depends on the length of a packet transmitted by a transmitting node, and may differ for each flooding slot.
- the wireless communication system 100 including one transmission node 110 and multiple relay nodes 120 will be described as an example, but the wireless communication system 100 may include multiple transmission nodes 110 .
- the transmitting node 110 and the plurality of relay nodes 120 may play different roles when relaying flooding slots for time synchronization and in flooding slots for purposes different from synchronization.
- the transmission node 110 will be described as operating as a sink node that collects sensor nodes from other nodes in a flooding slot for transmitting sensor data, which will be described later.
- the node 110 may operate as a relay node that relays a packet including sensor data transmitted by another node in a flooding slot for transmission of sensor data, which will be described later. That is, here, the transmitting node 110 and the plurality of relay nodes 120 of FIG. 1 show an illustrative example of a flooding slot for time synchronization. Each node may play a different role.
- nodes in the wireless communication system including the transmitting node 110, the relay node 120, and the sink node are called wireless communication nodes.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the transmission node 110.
- This transmission node 110 comprises a radio communication section 201 , a communication control section 202 , a synchronization packet generation section 203 and a data collection section 204 .
- the wireless communication unit 201 is a module that operates as a wireless signal transmission/reception unit, and wirelessly transmits/receives data to/from another relay node 120 via an antenna provided in the wireless communication unit 201 or an external antenna (not shown). I do.
- the communication control unit 202 manages the communication state of the wireless communication unit 201 and executes transmission/transfer processing according to a determined sequence. Note that the communication control unit 202 receives packets from other wireless communication nodes, analyzes data from the other wireless communication nodes, and performs relay processing for broadcasting the received packets according to the flooding method. good.
- the communication control section 202 has a channel determination section 2021 that determines the frequency channel for transmitting the synchronization packet.
- the channel determination unit 2021 determines a channel for transmitting the synchronization packet for each of a plurality of sub-slots included in the flooding slots for transmission of the synchronization packet based on a pseudo-random function. Also, a channel for receiving the data packet is determined based on a pseudo-random function for each flooding slot for transmission of the data packet. Details of the channel determination unit 2021 will be described later with reference to FIGS. 7 to 9B.
- the synchronous packet generator 203 generates a synchronous packet in a predetermined time cycle and transmits it to the communication controller 202 .
- the synchronization packet generator 203 includes a clock unit such as a crystal oscillator to generate a highly accurate clock.
- the transmission node 110 includes a processor, and the processor expands a program stored in the storage into a memory and executes it, so that at least one of the wireless communication unit 201, the communication control unit 202, and the synchronization packet generation unit 203 function may be realized.
- the data collection unit 204 realizes a function as a sink node that collects sensor data from any of the wireless communication nodes.
- the transmission node 110 functions as a sink node, so the data collection unit 204 is provided in the transmission node 110 .
- the transmission node 110 may not function as a sink node, and in that case the data collection unit 204 may be provided in another wireless communication node.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the relay node 120.
- This relay node 120 comprises a wireless communication section 301 , a communication control section 302 , a time synchronization section 303 and a data generation section 304 .
- the wireless communication unit 301 of the relay node 120 has the same function as the wireless communication unit 201 of the transmission node 110, so the description is omitted.
- the communication control section 302 includes a channel determination section 3021 that determines the frequency channel for receiving and transferring (relaying) the synchronization packet.
- the channel determination unit 3021 determines, based on a pseudo-random function, a channel for transmitting a synchronization packet for each of a plurality of subslots included in flooding slots for receiving and transmitting synchronization packets. Also, the channel determination unit 3021 determines a channel for receiving data packets for each flooding slot for transmission or relay of data packets based on a pseudo-random function. Details of the channel determination unit 3021 will be described later with reference to FIGS. 7 to 9B.
- the time synchronization unit 303 corrects the clock of the relay node 120 based on the synchronization packet received via the wireless communication unit 301.
- the data generation unit 304 generates target data to be collected by the sink node.
- the relay node 120 is a sensor node that transmits data acquired from a sensor
- the data generator 304 may be a sensor or an interface connected to a sensor outside the relay node 120.
- the relay node 120 may optionally have a configuration similar to that of the sending node 110 . That is, the relay node 120 may additionally have a configuration corresponding to the synchronization packet generator 203 .
- the relay node 120 includes a processor, and the processor expands a program stored in the storage into a memory and executes it, thereby executing the wireless communication unit 301, the communication control unit 302, the time synchronization unit 303, and the data generation unit 304. At least one of the functions may be realized.
- the sender information 601 is information indicating the identifier of the sending node 110 .
- the destination information 602 is information indicating the destination of the packet, and in the time synchronization packet, the destination information 602 is set to an identifier indicating broadcast or anycast.
- the time information 603 is time information corresponding to the time when the synchronization packet generation unit 203 of the transmission node 110 generated the synchronization packet or the time when the wireless communication unit 201 of the transmission node 110 transmitted the synchronization packet.
- the time information 603 is also called time stamp information.
- Timing information 604 is information corresponding to the sub-slot in which the synchronization packet is transmitted, and is changed each time the synchronization packet is transferred by flooding. In one example, the relay node 120 that has received the synchronization packet updates the timing information 604 in the next subslot, reconfigures the packet, and transmits the packet, thereby performing forwarding processing of the synchronization packet.
- the destination information 602 may be notified in an upper layer, or may be notified using the schedule information created at the time of slot allocation. In this case, the destination information 602 may not be included in the sync packet header but may be included in the packet payload.
- the flooding slot setting information 606 is a parameter that enables the relay node 120 that received the synchronization packet to acquire the parameter of the flooding slot or subslot.
- the flooding slot setting information 606 includes the temporal length of the flooding slot, the temporal length of the sub-slot, the transmission cycle of the synchronization packet, the maximum number of transmissions within the flooding slot, and the number of times allowed before executing the synchronization recovery process. includes packet loss counts for sync packets.
- FIG. 4 illustrates a case where the transmission node 110 transmits a synchronization packet. Also, in this example, it is assumed that the nodes have already been synchronized.
- FIG. 4 shows a usage example of subslots of each wireless communication node in the wireless system shown in FIG.
- a node in the wireless system repeats transmission based on the received packet in subsequent subslots after receiving a packet in one subslot.
- the upper limit of the number of packet transmissions may be determined, or once transmitted, the packet may be received again in the next subslot, and once the packet is received, the packet may be transmitted.
- the transmitting node 110 transmits a synchronization packet. Synchronization packets from transmission node 110 are assumed to be received by relay nodes 120a and 120b.
- transmission node 110 sets information indicating "1" in timing information 604 and transmits a synchronization packet. Synchronization packets transmitted from transmitting node 110 are received by relay nodes 120a and 120b.
- sub-slot 402 which follows sub-slot 401, transmitting node 110 and relay nodes 120a and 120b transfer the received synchronization packets.
- Synchronization packets transmitted by a plurality of wireless communication nodes within one sub-slot have the same data and are synchronized in transmission time, so that even if they collide, they can be decoded without any problem. Therefore, relay nodes 120c and 120d receive two synchronization packets simultaneously transmitted from relay nodes 120a and 120b as one synchronization packet.
- transmission node 110 and relay nodes 120a and 120b increase timing information 604 to "2" and transmit synchronization packets.
- Synchronization packets from relay nodes 120a and 120b are assumed to be received by sending node 110 and relay nodes 120c and 120d.
- sub-slot 403 next to sub-slot 402, transmitting node 110, relay nodes 120a and 120b, and relay nodes 120c and 120d that received the synchronization packet in sub-slot 402 set timing information 604 to "3". and forwards the received sync packet. Synchronous packets from transmission node 110 and relay nodes 120a to 120d are assumed to be received by relay node 120e.
- sub-slot 404 next to sub-slot 403, transmitting node 110, relay nodes 120a to 120d, and relay node e that received the synchronization packet in sub-slot 403 set timing information 604 to "4". Forward received sync packets.
- each node transmits and receives a synchronous packet in the same way as in sub-slot 404, so that a synchronous packet can be transmitted to each node in the network.
- relay nodes 120c to 120e are also waiting for synchronization packets. However, since the relay nodes 120c to 120e cannot detect the synchronization packet transmitted from the transmission node 110 in the sub-slot 401, they continue waiting for the synchronization packet in the subsequent sub-slot 402 as well. That is, as indicated by the dotted line, the relay nodes 120a-120e have been performing standby processing in order to receive synchronization packets since the flooding slot started.
- the relay node 120 performs time synchronization upon receiving the synchronization packet. For this reason, in the example of FIG. 4, the packet length of the synchronization packet and the sub-slot length are shown to be the same. Overhead may be provided after .
- FIG. 5 shows a sequence diagram of the processing from the transmission node 110 executing time synchronization within the wireless communication system to collecting data from any of the relay nodes 120 .
- the transmission node 110 is described as a sink node that collects data from the relay node 120, but the wireless communication system 100 may have a sink node separate from the transmission node 110.
- FIG. 5 shows a sequence diagram of the processing from the transmission node 110 executing time synchronization within the wireless communication system to collecting data from any of the relay nodes 120 . 5
- the transmission node 110 is described as a sink node that collects data from the relay node 120, but the wireless communication system 100 may have a sink node separate from the transmission node 110.
- Each flooding slot represents the period of data transfer by flooding.
- a flooding slot is a transmission (downlink) or other communication from one of the communication nodes, including the transmitting node 110 and the relay node 120, destined for at least one of the other communication nodes. represents the time period allocated for transmission (uplink) from at least one of the nodes to the transmitting node 110;
- the flooding slot 501 is a flooding slot in which the transmission node 110 transmits a synchronization packet and notifies the communication nodes in the wireless communication system of information required for time synchronization to each communication node in the network according to the flooding method. .
- relay node 120 which has data to be transmitted to transmission node 110, transmits a transmission request packet requesting transmission of data to be transmitted to transmission node 110 as a destination.
- one or more relay nodes 120 that have data to transmit wait a random amount of time generated using a pseudo-random function and transmit request-to-send packets (request-to-send signals). , random backoff-based flooding communication is performed.
- a relay node 120 that has data to be transmitted and that has received a transmission request packet from another relay node 120 before transmitting the transmission request packet will relays request-to-send packets from and does not send its own request-to-send packets. This allows relay node 120 with a short random time generated using a pseudo-random function to transmit a transmission request packet.
- transmitting node 110 can learn which nodes are allowed to transmit data.
- transmitting node 110 sets relay node 120, which permits data transmission in next flooding slot 504, in destination information 602, and transmits a transmission permission packet.
- relay node 120 specified in the transmission permission packet starts transmission in that slot. That is, the source information 601 is set to the identifier of the relay node 120, the destination information 602 is set to the transmission node 110, and the sensor data is transmitted.
- the transmitting node 110 that has determined that it has successfully received the sensor data in the flooding slot 504 also transmits transmission permission to the other relay nodes 120 in the flooding slot 505 .
- uplink transmission of sensor data is performed for a number of flooding slots corresponding to the number of relay nodes 120 permitted to transmit by transmitting node 110 .
- a sleep packet (sleep signal) instructing sleep.
- a wireless communication node in the wireless communication system that has received the sleep packet transits to a sleep state until a predetermined time after the flooding slot N ends.
- the predetermined time may be a preset time common to wireless communication nodes, such as 1000 milliseconds, or may be specified based on information included in a sleep packet.
- ⁇ Channel control> For the purpose of increasing resistance to interference from other wireless devices, there is a channel hopping technique for transmitting and receiving packets such as synchronization packets and data packets by changing frequency channels (hereinafter referred to as channels).
- channels frequency channels
- the channel hopping technology even in a state where noise of a specific frequency is generated, it is possible to improve resistance to interference by performing communication using a frequency other than the noise frequency.
- the receiving node cannot receive the packet unless it specifies which channel is used at which timing to transmit the packet. Therefore, when applying the channel hopping technique, it is necessary to synchronize the channels used for packet transmission between the transmission and reception.
- the relay node 120 When the relay node 120 is activated and participates in the wireless communication system 100, the relay node 120 is out of time synchronization, so it is impossible to specify at what timing and on which frequency the synchronization packet is transmitted. Can not. Therefore, the relay node 120 needs to wait for the time synchronization packet on one frequency and stay in the Listen state until the time synchronization is achieved.
- the relay node 120 when a certain relay node 120 waits for a data packet in a flooding slot for data transmission, the relay node 120 does not know the network topology, so the relay node 120 waiting for the data packet from the relay node that transmits the data packet. The number of hops up to 120 cannot be specified. Also, in a flooding slot for data transmission, data transmission may be performed with a variable packet length in which the size of the data packet is variable. For this reason, the relay node 120 cannot specify which timing and which frequency channel the data packet to be relayed is transmitted.
- FIG. 7 illustrates transmission and reception of synchronization packets in flooding slots 700 and 710 (for example, flooding slot 501 in FIG. 5) for time synchronization.
- the relay node 120d is out of time synchronization due to the restart of the node and is waiting for a synchronization packet on a specific channel, for example, f1.
- the channel on which the relay node 120d out of time synchronization waits for the synchronization packet may be set for each system, or may wait on the channel with the smallest channel number.
- FIG. 7 illustrates transmission and reception of synchronization packets in flooding slots 700 and 710 (for example, flooding slot 501 in FIG. 5) for time synchronization.
- relay nodes 120a, 120b, 120c, and 120e have previously received synchronization packets, and the transmission timing of the synchronization packets by channel hopping using channels f1 to f6 from transmission node 110 and It is assumed that the channel has been determined.
- the transmitting node 110 transmits a synchronization packet on a channel different from channel f1 (for example, channel f2). Since the relay nodes 120 a and 120 b are synchronized with the transmission node 110 , they receive the synchronization packet transmitted from the transmission node 110 . As shown in FIG. 7, relay nodes 120c and 120e also determine the channel through which the transmission node 110 transmits the synchronization packet. do. Also, the relay node 120d cannot receive the synchronization packet because it is waiting on a channel different from the channel on which the synchronization packet is transmitted in the subslot 701 .
- channel f1 for example, channel f2
- the packet length of the synchronization packet is shorter than the length of the subslot 701 . This is due to the overhead of changing the channel for transmission and reception, and in reception, it is also possible to wait for a synchronization packet for a period shorter than the length of the subslot.
- the relay node 120 may end waiting for a synchronization packet as soon as it detects a synchronization packet while waiting for the synchronization packet.
- transmitting node 110, relay nodes 120a, and 120b transmit synchronization packets on a channel different from channel f1 (eg, channel f4), and relay node 120c receives the synchronization packets.
- sub-slot 702 is transmitted on a different channel (f4) than the channel (f2) on which the synchronization packet was transmitted in sub-slot 701.
- the relay node 120d cannot receive the synchronization packet because it is waiting for the synchronization packet on the channel f1 different from the channel on which the synchronization packet is transmitted in the subslot 702 .
- third sub-slot 703 transmitting node 110, relay nodes 120a, 120b, and 120c transmit synchronization packets on a channel different from channel f1 (for example, channel f6), and relay node 120e receives the synchronization packets.
- sub-slot 703 is transmitted on a channel (f6) different from the channel (channels f2 and f4) on which the synchronization packets were transmitted in sub-slots 701 and 702.
- the relay node 120d cannot receive the synchronization packet because it is waiting for the synchronization packet on the channel f1 different from the channel on which the synchronization packet is transmitted in the subslot 703 .
- transmitting node 110, relay nodes 120a, 120b, 120c, and 120e transmit synchronization packets on channel f1, and relay node 120d receives the synchronization packets.
- Relay node 120d can participate in wireless communication system 100 by performing time synchronization based on time information 603 and timing information 604 included in the synchronization packet. Also, based on at least one of the time information 603 and the sequence number information 605, the timing information 604, and the channel number waiting for reception, the channel used for transmitting the synchronization packet in the next subslot 705 is specified. be able to. Determination of the channel used for transmission and reception of synchronization packets will be described later.
- the transmitting node 110, the relay nodes 120a, 120b, 120c, 120d, and 120e are, for example, channel f5 in the fifth subslot 705 and the sixth subslot.
- a sync packet is transmitted at f3. That is, relay node 120d is synchronized and participates in subsequent packet transfers upon joining wireless communication system 100 . Synchronization between nodes can be achieved in the flooding slot 700 as described above.
- a flooding slot for transmitting data packets is provided (not shown) until the next flooding slot 710 for time synchronization.
- the wireless communication system 100 provides flooding slots for time synchronization at predetermined time intervals (for example, every 60 seconds).
- the transmitting node 110 transmits a synchronization packet on channel f5, for example, and the relay nodes 120a and 120b receive the synchronization packet.
- the relay nodes 120c, 120d, and 120e cannot receive the synchronization packet, but determine the channel to be used for transmission of the synchronization packet, and wait for the synchronization packet on the channel f5.
- transmitting node 110 and relay nodes 120a and 120b transmit synchronization packets on channel f4, and relay nodes 120c and 120d receive the synchronization packets.
- the synchronization packet is transferred while switching the channel so that each node of the wireless communication system 100 receives the synchronization packet.
- the relay node 120d receives the synchronization packet in the fourth sub-slot 704 in the flooding slot 700, but receives the synchronization packet in the second sub-slot 712 in the flooding slot 710. Therefore, the relay node 120 d transmits the synchronization packet in the third sub-slot 713 of the flooding slot 710 .
- the sub-slot number in which the relay node 120 can receive the synchronization packet may change due to dynamic changes in the arrangement of the wireless communication system 100, interfering signals that change over time, frequency-selective propagation channels, and the like. . Therefore, when the relay node 120 in this embodiment is out of synchronization, it continues waiting until it receives a synchronization packet.
- the synchronization packet according to this embodiment uses a fixed-length packet. Therefore, the wireless communication node can determine the start time of each sub-slot.
- the relay node 120 that is time-synchronized waits for synchronous packets in all sub-slots.
- the relay node 120 may determine the sub-slot number to start waiting for the synchronization packet based on the information about the timing at which the synchronization packet was received in the past flooding slot for time synchronization. For example, the relay node 120 e waits for the synchronization packet from the third sub-slot 713 in the flooding slot 710 based on the reception of the synchronization packet in the third sub-slot 703 of the flooding slot 700 . and 712 need not wait for a synchronization packet. This makes it possible to reduce the power consumption associated with waiting for synchronization packets by the relay node 120 .
- flooding slot 800 data transmission is performed using a predetermined channel (for example, channel f2). Then, in the subsequent flooding slot 810, data transmission is performed using a channel different from that of the flooding slot 800 (for example, channel f1).
- the relay node 120e transmits a data packet including sensor data etc. to the transmission node 110, and the relay node 120c receives the data packet. Subsequently, in a second subslot 802, relay nodes 120e and 120c transmit data packets on the same channel used to transmit the data packets in subslot 801, and relay nodes 120a, 120b, and 120d transmit the data packets. Receive a packet.
- relay node 120 since data packets are transmitted using the same channel in subslots 801 and 802, relay node 120 continuously transmits data over a plurality of subslots until it receives a data packet. It can listen for packets.
- the sub-slots 801 and 802 are illustrated as having the same sub-slot length and packet length because switching of the channel used for data packet transmission is not required.
- An overhead may be provided as appropriate for the purpose of switching the radio transmission/reception circuit.
- relay nodes 120a, 120b, 120c, 120d, and 120e transmit data packets in the third sub-slot 803, and transmitting node 110 receives the data packets. After that, data packets are transmitted in sub-slots 804, 805, and 806, and the flooding slot 800 ends. Note that the transmission node 110, which is a sink node, may only receive data packets and not transmit them.
- the relay node 120d transmits a data packet including sensor data and the like to the transmission node 110.
- relay nodes 120b and 120c fail to receive. Therefore, the relay node 120d also transmits the data packet in the second subslot 812 as well. In subslot 812, relay nodes 120b and 120c receive data packets.
- relay nodes 120b, 120c, and 120d transmit data packets, and transmitting node 110, relay nodes 120a, and 120e receive data packets. Thereafter, in subslots 814 and 815, transmitting node 110 and relay nodes 120a, 120b, 120c, 120d, and 120e transmit data packets.
- data packets with different packet lengths are transmitted in a plurality of data transmission flooding slots 800 and 810 .
- the relay node 120 that relays the data packet is not notified in advance of the packet length of the data packet transmitted in the flooding slot for data transmission. Therefore, the relay node 120 that has not received the data packet cannot specify the slot length of the sub-slot.
- the relay node 120 continues to attempt packet detection on that channel and thus has no information about the packet length. It is possible to realize the transmission of variable length data packets.
- the relay node 120 does not know the network topology. Therefore, in the flooding slot for data transmission, the number of hops from the node transmitting the data packet is not known. Even in such a case, relay node 120 can receive the data packet by waiting for the data packet in the channel used in the flooding slot even if the number of hops from the node transmitting the data packet is unknown. can be done.
- data transmission is performed using different channels in a plurality of flooding slots for data transmission. This makes it possible to improve the anti-interference performance of flooding slots for data transmission.
- ⁇ Channel determination method> Next, a method for determining the transmission channel for the synchronization packet and the transmission channel for the data packet by the transmission node 110 and the relay node 120 time-synchronized with the transmission node will be described.
- the wireless communication system 100 determines a transmission channel for each flooding slot using channels corresponding to pseudo-random numbers synchronized between nodes.
- a transmission channel for each flooding slot using channels corresponding to pseudo-random numbers synchronized between nodes.
- Xn +1 (AxXn+B) mod M
- X n is a pseudo-random value.
- M is the total number of channels used in the network, and A and B are constants determined according to M. In one example, A and B are chosen such that B is coprime to M and A ⁇ 1 is divisible by all of M's prime factors.
- the relay node 120 acquires the identifier of the wireless network and the identifier of the transmission node 110 or the sink node as prior information regarding the wireless communication system 100 to participate in when the device is manufactured or when the firmware is written.
- X 0 is identified, the constants A and B are identified, and a sequence of pseudo-random numbers is generated. Then, the channel corresponding to each flooding slot can be specified from the sequence number n included in the synchronization packet.
- FIG. 9A shows flooding slots 900, 901, 904-909, 912, and 913 for data transmission, flooding slots 903 and 911 for control signal transmission, and flooding slots 902 and 910 for synchronization signal transmission.
- sequence number of flooding slot 900 be k-th and the channel number used for transmission be X k .
- the channel in the flooding slot for synchronous signal transmission, is switched in units of subslots within the flooding slot in synchronization between nodes.
- synchronization packets may be transmitted while switching channels for each sub-slot using channels corresponding to pseudo-random numbers based on the linear congruential method.
- Yn +1 (C* Yn +D) mod S
- Y n is a pseudo-random number
- S is the total number of sub-slots included in the flooding slots for sync signal transmission
- C and D are constants determined according to S.
- C and D are chosen such that D is relatively prime to S and C ⁇ 1 is divisible by all the prime factors that S has.
- Yn may be determined as follows using a pseudo-random function to specify the channel number for each flooding slot.
- Yn +1 (A* Yn +B) mod M
- relay node 120 out of time synchronization waits for a synchronization packet and receives the synchronization packet in sub-slot 923 shown in FIG. 9B.
- the relay node 120 that received the synchronization packet specifies X 0 using the prior information as a seed, and generates a sequence up to X k + 2 from the sequence number information 605 included in the synchronization packet, thereby obtaining the initial Channel Y 0 can be identified. Subsequently, based on the initial channel Y 0 , the channel to use for transmission of the synchronization packet in subslot 924 next to subslot 923 can be identified, as described above.
- the relay node 120 out of time synchronization can participate in the transfer of the synchronization packet by performing time synchronization after receiving the synchronization packet.
- relay node 120 since relay node 120 has specified X k+2 , it can participate in the transmission of control packets and data packets by generating pseudo-random numbers using a pseudo-random function in flooding slots from k+3 onwards.
- the channels used by a plurality of wireless communication systems 100 continue to overlap, preventing communication from continuing to fail. be able to.
- a predetermined number of consecutive sub-slots such as every two sub-slots or every three sub-slots, may be transmitted using the same channel. That is, in a flooding slot for transmitting a synchronization packet, channel switching may be performed within the slot, and channel switching need not be performed for each sub-slot.
- the flooding slot for transmission of the synchronization packet is illustrated as including six subslots, but the number of subslots included in the flooding slot depends on the length of the flooding slot and the number of packets of the synchronization packet. It can be arbitrarily set by changing the length or the guard time in the subslot. In one example, the number of subslots is greater than or equal to the number of channels available to wireless communication system 100 . As a result, in a flooding slot for transmission of one synchronization packet, the synchronization packet can be transmitted in all channels that can be used by the wireless communication system 100, and the synchronization packet is waited in one channel due to time synchronization.
- the relay node 120 receiving the synchronization packet receives the synchronization packet.
- the number of channels available to the wireless communication system 100 is 16 and the number of sub-slots included in a flooding slot for transmission of synchronization packets is 16.
- variable-length packets were transmitted in flooding slots for data packet transmission, but fixed-length packets may be transmitted.
- 100 wireless communication system
- 110 transmission node
- 120 relay node
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Abstract
Description
それぞれが複数のサブスロットを含む第1のフラッディングスロットと第2のフラッディングスロットとにおいてフラッディング方式を用いてパケットを送受信するマルチホップ中継システムの通信装置であって、
前記第1のフラッディングスロット内の第1のサブスロットと第2のサブスロットとで、パケットの送受信に使用する周波数チャネルを切り替え、
前記第2のフラッディングスロット内ではパケットの送受信に使用する周波数チャネルを切り替えず、複数の前記第2のフラッディングスロット間でパケットの送受信に使用する周波数チャネルを切り替える、
チャネル制御手段を有することを特徴とする。
それぞれが複数のサブスロットを含む第1のフラッディングスロットと第2のフラッディングスロットとにおいてフラッディング方式を用いてノード間でパケットを送受信するマルチホップ中継システムの通信方法であって、
前記第1のフラッディングスロット内の第1のサブスロットと第2のサブスロットとで、パケットの送受信に使用する周波数チャネルを切り替えることと、
前記第2のフラッディングスロット内ではパケットの送受信に使用する周波数チャネルを切り替えず、複数の前記第2のフラッディングスロット間でパケットの送受信に使用する周波数チャネルを切り替えることと、
を含むことを特徴とする。
それぞれが複数のサブスロットを含む第1のフラッディングスロットと第2のフラッディングスロットとにおいてフラッディング方式を用いてノード間でパケットを送受信するマルチホップ中継システムであって、
前記第1のフラッディングスロット内の第1のサブスロットと第2のサブスロットとで、パケットの送受信に使用する周波数チャネルを切り替え、
前記第2のフラッディングスロット内ではパケットの送受信に使用する周波数チャネルを切り替えず、複数の前記第2のフラッディングスロット間でパケットの送受信に使用する周波数チャネルを切り替える、
ことを特徴とする。
他の無線装置による干渉に対する耐性を高めることを目的として、同期パケットやデータパケットなどのパケットを送信する周波数チャネル(以降、チャネルと称する)を変えて送受信を行うチャネルホッピング技術が存在する。チャネルホッピング技術によれば、特定の周波数ノイズが発生している状態でも、ノイズの周波数以外を使用して通信を行うことで干渉に対する耐性を高めることができる。一方、受信ノードは、いずれのタイミングでいずれのチャネルを使用してパケットが送信されるのかを特定しないと、パケットを受信することができない。このため、チャネルホッピング技術を適用する場合には、送受信間でパケットの送信に使用されるチャネルの同期が取れている必要がある。
次に、送信ノード110および送信ノードと時刻同期の取れた中継ノード120による同期パケットの送信チャネルおよびデータパケットの送信チャネルの決定方法について説明する。
ここで、Xnは擬似乱数値である。n=0の場合のXn(X0)はシードと呼ばれる定数である。Mはネットワーク内で使用するチャネルの総数であり、AおよびBはMに応じて定められる定数である。一例では、AおよびBは、BがMと互いに素となり、A-1がMの持つすべての素因数で割り切ることができる数が選ばれる。
ここで、Ynは擬似乱数値、n=0の場合のYn(Y0)はシードと呼ばれる定数である。Sは同期信号伝送用のフラッディングスロットに含まれるサブスロットの総数であり、CおよびDはSに応じて定められる定数である。一例では、CおよびDは、DがSと互いに素となり、C-1がSの持つすべての素因数で割り切ることができる数が選ばれる。
例えば、時刻同期が外れた中継ノード120が同期パケットの待受けを行った結果、図9Bに示すサブスロット923で同期パケットを受信したものとする。
発明は上記の実施形態に制限されるものではなく、発明の要旨の範囲内で、種々の変形・変更が可能である。
Claims (12)
- それぞれが複数のサブスロットを含む第1のフラッディングスロットと第2のフラッディングスロットとにおいてフラッディング方式を用いてパケットを送受信するマルチホップ中継システムの通信装置であって、
前記第1のフラッディングスロット内の第1のサブスロットと第2のサブスロットとで、パケットの送受信に使用する周波数チャネルを切り替え、
前記第2のフラッディングスロット内ではパケットの送受信に使用する周波数チャネルを切り替えず、複数の前記第2のフラッディングスロット間でパケットの送受信に使用する周波数チャネルを切り替える、
チャネル制御手段を有することを特徴とする通信装置。 - 前記チャネル制御手段は、前記第1のフラッディングスロットにおいてサブスロットごとに第1のホッピングパターンに従って前記周波数チャネルを切り替えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の通信装置。
- 前記第1のホッピングパターンは、ノード間で同期した擬似乱数に基づいて決定されることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の通信装置。
- 前記チャネル制御手段は、複数の前記第2のフラッディングスロットごとに第2のホッピングパターンに従ってパケットの送受信に使用する前記周波数チャネルを切り替えることを特徴とする請求項1から3の何れか1項に記載の通信装置。
- 前記第1のフラッディングスロット内で受信したパケットのパラメータに基づいて前記第2のホッピングパターンを特定する特定手段を有することを特徴とする請求項4に記載の通信装置。
- 前記第2のホッピングパターンは、ノード間で同期した擬似乱数に基づいて決定されることを特徴とする請求項4または5に記載の通信装置。
- 前記第1のフラッディングスロット内では固定長のパケットが送受信されることを特徴とする請求項1から6の何れか1項に記載の通信装置。
- 前記第2のフラッディングスロットのそれぞれの先頭のサブスロットにおいてセンサから取得したセンサデータを送信する送信手段をさらに有することを特徴とする請求項1から7の何れか1項に記載の通信装置。
- 前記第1のフラッディングスロットでは、タイムスタンプ情報を含む同期パケットが送受信されることを特徴とする請求項1から8の何れか1項に記載の通信装置。
- 前記チャネル制御手段は、第1のフラッディングスロット内の前記第1のサブスロットにおいてパケットを受信した場合に、前記第2のサブスロットにおいてパケットの送受信に使用する周波数チャネルを特定し、
前記第1のサブスロットにおいて受信したパケットを前記第2のサブスロットにおいて転送する転送手段をさらに有することを特徴とする請求項1から9の何れか1項に記載の通信装置。 - それぞれが複数のサブスロットを含む第1のフラッディングスロットと第2のフラッディングスロットとにおいてフラッディング方式を用いてノード間でパケットを送受信するマルチホップ中継システムの通信方法であって、
前記第1のフラッディングスロット内の第1のサブスロットと第2のサブスロットとで、パケットの送受信に使用する周波数チャネルを切り替えることと、
前記第2のフラッディングスロット内ではパケットの送受信に使用する周波数チャネルを切り替えず、複数の前記第2のフラッディングスロット間でパケットの送受信に使用する周波数チャネルを切り替えることと、
を含むことを特徴とする通信方法。 - それぞれが複数のサブスロットを含む第1のフラッディングスロットと第2のフラッディングスロットとにおいてフラッディング方式を用いてノード間でパケットを送受信するマルチホップ中継システムであって、
前記第1のフラッディングスロット内の第1のサブスロットと第2のサブスロットとで、パケットの送受信に使用する周波数チャネルを切り替え、
前記第2のフラッディングスロット内ではパケットの送受信に使用する周波数チャネルを切り替えず、複数の前記第2のフラッディングスロット間でパケットの送受信に使用する周波数チャネルを切り替える、
ことを特徴とするマルチホップ中継システム。
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