WO2022263681A2 - Dekoratives kunststoffbauteil und verfahren zur herstellung eines solchen bauteils - Google Patents
Dekoratives kunststoffbauteil und verfahren zur herstellung eines solchen bauteils Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022263681A2 WO2022263681A2 PCT/EP2022/066762 EP2022066762W WO2022263681A2 WO 2022263681 A2 WO2022263681 A2 WO 2022263681A2 EP 2022066762 W EP2022066762 W EP 2022066762W WO 2022263681 A2 WO2022263681 A2 WO 2022263681A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- zinc
- coating
- nickel
- decorative
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- QELJHCBNGDEXLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel zinc Chemical compound [Ni].[Zn] QELJHCBNGDEXLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 121
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000592 inorganic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005282 brightening Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017105 AlOxNy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 20
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005246 galvanizing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920006942 ABS/PC Polymers 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002318 adhesion promoter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005289 physical deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000007817 Olea europaea Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracen-1-ylmethanolate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C(C[O-])=CC=CC3=CC2=C1 RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003830 anthracite Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001722 carbon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005524 ceramic coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 description 1
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021432 inorganic complex Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000623 plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
- C23C18/1633—Process of electroless plating
- C23C18/1646—Characteristics of the product obtained
- C23C18/165—Multilayered product
- C23C18/1653—Two or more layers with at least one layer obtained by electroless plating and one layer obtained by electroplating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/18—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
- C23C18/20—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins
- C23C18/2006—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins by other methods than those of C23C18/22 - C23C18/30
- C23C18/2046—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins by other methods than those of C23C18/22 - C23C18/30 by chemical pretreatment
- C23C18/2073—Multistep pretreatment
- C23C18/2086—Multistep pretreatment with use of organic or inorganic compounds other than metals, first
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/31—Coating with metals
- C23C18/38—Coating with copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/34—Anodisation of metals or alloys not provided for in groups C25D11/04 - C25D11/32
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/10—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals
- C25D5/12—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals at least one layer being of nickel or chromium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/54—Electroplating of non-metallic surfaces
- C25D5/56—Electroplating of non-metallic surfaces of plastics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/60—Electroplating characterised by the structure or texture of the layers
- C25D5/605—Surface topography of the layers, e.g. rough, dendritic or nodular layers
- C25D5/611—Smooth layers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2222/00—Aspects relating to chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive medium
- C23C2222/10—Use of solutions containing trivalent chromium but free of hexavalent chromium
Definitions
- the invention relates to a component produced by plastic injection molding with a coating for producing colored, corrosion-resistant metal layers, comprising a substrate consisting of plastic.
- the invention also describes a method for producing such a component.
- coating is understood as meaning the application of a firmly adhering layer of a shapeless substance to a workpiece made of a substrate.
- Layer and substrate form an inseparable body made of different materials.
- the final coating and in particular the decorative layer assumes the contact function, i.e. protection against chemical, corrosive and mechanical attack.
- the decorative layer serves optical or decorative purposes, while the substrate assumes the supporting function.
- plastic components are used for visual enhancement.
- Conventional surface technologies for such surface-decorated components are painting the plastic surfaces, electroplating the plastic surfaces, coatings using PVD or related technologies, decorating in the injection mold using foil decorations using the IMD or FIM method, and metal foil back-injection molding.
- a type of coating with which it is possible to achieve optically metallic surfaces is e.g (Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition) and others.
- Thin metal layers are deposited on a substrate in an evacuated vacuum chamber.
- the material to be separated is in solid form.
- the evaporated material moves through the coating chamber and hits the component to be coated, where it forms a layer through precipitation.
- the PVD process is generally suitable for producing metallic layers; however, it has proven to be problematic that the very thin metal coating cannot have sufficient resistance to abrasion and corrosion without an additional protective layer. For this reason it is necessary to apply a protective layer, for example a clear coat system.
- a protective layer for example a clear coat system.
- an adhesion promoter or primer In order to achieve sufficient basic adhesion to the plastic component to be deposited, it is usually also necessary to coat an adhesion promoter or primer.
- the advantage of such a coating is the optional formation of color variants.
- the parts are first produced using the injection molding process, for example from electroplatable butadiene-containing copolymers such as ABS or ABS/PC. After injection molding
- the components are first chemically pre-treated in order to then autocatalytically deposit a first thin and conductive metal layer, usually a thin layer of nickel or copper, on them.
- a first thin and conductive metal layer usually a thin layer of nickel or copper
- further metal layers are then deposited electrolytically until the electroplating process is usually ended with a deposited chrome layer.
- galvanizing and passivation has hitherto been used on components made of metal for functional reasons or requirements, namely to increase corrosion resistance.
- the zinc surface is treated with different passivation, depending on the required corrosion protection.
- a conversion layer is created by immersing the workpieces in the appropriate electrolyte.
- the color of the surface can also be changed by passivation. The color is created during the passivation itself due to the metallic compounds in the passivation. The coloring is therefore a side effect of the passivation.
- the passivation based on trivalent chromium protects zinc coatings and thus optimizes the corrosion resistance of the coating systems.
- the disadvantage of this type of surface coating is the low color variance.
- galvanically deposited surface qualities and colors usually range from high gloss through various matt finishes to slightly anthracite and brownish tones due to modified electrolytes and processes.
- the passivation layers can be (weakly) blue, yellow, black, olive or transparent.
- the coloring is only a side effect, which is produced by the organic and inorganic complex compounds in the passivation.
- the main aim of passivation is to improve the corrosion resistance of metal components.
- the limitation of the color of galvanized chrome surfaces on plastic components was tolerated, although there was always a desire for more individuality, technical freedom in terms of design, and the color and structure of the surfaces.
- the automotive industry in particular would like more freedom of color for metallic surfaces such as galvanic coatings.
- DE 10233 120 A1 describes a technology in which a combination of paint, gas phase deposition such as a PVD coating and a tinted, i.e. weakly pigmented, paint is used.
- EP 2369032 A1 Another technology is described in EP 2369032 A1, in which the metal layers to be deposited are deposited directly onto the substrate via PVD using special metal alloys. Here, however, a primer to promote adhesion and a subsequent, but then clear coating, is also necessary.
- DE 102010019913 A9 also describes gas phase deposition by means of PVD and other technologies on plastic and metal with the aim of producing colored and at the same time metallic-looking surfaces. In this application, too, the deposited surface is and must be protected with a final coating.
- EP 1 033416 A1 describes a method in which at least one anti-corrosion layer and an outer layer of zirconium, nitrogen, carbon and/or hafnium are deposited on a substrate by means of PVD coating, the outer layer being exposed to air or water forms a passive layer.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a simple, efficient and resource-saving or gentle technology propose to create a metallic corrosion-resistant and colored plastic component.
- the components to be coated are first produced in a plastic injection molding process from a galvanisable plastic, preferably polyamide, particularly preferably from a galvanisable butadiene-containing copolymer such as ABS or ABS/PC.
- a galvanisable plastic preferably polyamide, particularly preferably from a galvanisable butadiene-containing copolymer such as ABS or ABS/PC.
- the components are chemically pretreated by direct metallization, particularly preferably by a conventional electroplating process, in order to be machined on this
- a first thin and especially conductive metal layer usually a thin nickel or copper layer to deposit.
- at least one further metal layer is then deposited electrolytically, which preferably represents a shiny or matt copper layer.
- the first electrically conductive layer for the further electrolytic deposition can also take place by gas phase deposition such as PVD, CVD or PeCVD.
- gas phase deposition such as PVD, CVD or PeCVD.
- the special plastics that can be electroplated and the mostly chemical pretreatment can largely be dispensed with, and thus plastics that cannot be electroplated, such as polycarbonate, etc., can also be used.
- a decorative zinc, nickel-zinc, chromium layer is applied to the additional metal layer.
- Another development of the invention provides that the decorative zinc, nickel-zinc or chromium layers are also applied by vapor deposition such as PVD, CVD or PeCVD or the decorative layers are back-injected as metal or metal-coated foil inserts from the plastic substrate.
- the design of the decorative layers in matt and glossy also allows direct influence on the desired appearance of the final layer.
- the metal layers can be colored and passivated using organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. carbon compounds or metal salts.
- a further top layer made of an inorganic, an organic or also a very thin and semi-transparent layer is finally applied to the decorative metal layer, which is applied by painting, powder coating, printing, dipping or by vapor deposition.
- the layer sequence of at least one metallic and one organic or inorganic layer or as a layer sequence of at least one inorganic and one organic layer produces the desired color of the decorative plastic component in combination with the decorative metal layer.
- the top layer may be exposed to a high level of wear, it must have high mechanical resistance and high media resistance.
- an organic or inorganic polymer compound as a transparent, ceramic hard material layer, in particular from AISi x O y N z , AlO x N y , Al 2 O 3 or S1O 2 , as a top layer can be applied.
- This hard material layer provides a transparent scratch protection layer on the colored and de- corative metal layer. It also acts as a barrier layer or diffusion protection layer, which further increases the chemical resistance of the underlying metal layers. Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawing and are described in more detail below. In the drawings, the same reference numbers denote the same layers. Show it:
- FIG. 1 shows a process sequence of the subject according to the invention
- FIG. 2 shows a cross section through the layer structure with process steps of a second object according to the invention
- FIG. 3 shows a cross section through the layer structure with process steps of a third object according to the invention
- FIG. 4 shows a cross section through the layer structure of an object according to the invention in a modified representation
- FIG. 5 shows a cross section through the layer structure of an object according to the invention in a further representation.
- the object shown in FIG. 1 has a component (a) made from a plastic substrate (1) produced by injection molding.
- the surface of the electroplatable plastic material (b) is prepared for the subsequent autocatalytic deposition of a first conductive base coating (3) in the form of a metal layer (c) by means of chemical pretreatment (2).
- the first conductive metal layer (c) is applied by gas phase deposition, for example by PVD, CVD or PeCVD methods.
- the first (base) coating (3) preferably consists of an element or a combination of several elements from the group zirconium, titanium, chromium, tin and zinc, copper or preferably nickel.
- At least one further middle layer (d), preferably up to copper, is preferably deposited electrolytically on this first base coating (3), which has a leveling and connecting effect as a metallic intermediate layer (4). Copper is deposited from cyanide or sulfuric acid electrolytes. The gloss level of the surface can be adjusted from matt to glossy by adding substances.
- a decorative layer (5) preferably made of nickel, is then applied electrolytically.
- the degree of gloss of the surface of the decorative layer (5) can be adjusted from matt to glossy by adding organic substances. If the nickel layer is to be matt, special matt nickel electrolytes with finely dispersed solutions are used; in the case of bright nickel plating, special, organic bright nickel substances are used.
- the decorative layer (5) can be formed from an element or a combination of several elements from the group zinc, zinc-nickel or chromium. In the case of zinc, it can be adjusted electrolytically from matt to bright as acidic electrolyte, alkaline cyanide-free electrolyte and alkaline cyanide-containing electrolyte.
- the decorative layer (5) can also be applied directly electrolytically or physically while omitting the metallic intermediate layer (4) (e).
- passivation means the spontaneous formation or targeted production of a non-metallic protective layer on a metallic material in order to prevent or greatly slow down the oxygen corrosion of the base material.
- the layer (6) is colored by means of alternating current in a coloring electrolyte containing metal salts, the metal ions of which penetrate into the layer (6).
- a dip dyeing process can also be used, in which the layer (6) is immersed in a dye bath. Color particles are deposited in the pores as a result of absorption.
- a metallic, corrosion-resistant and colored plastic component can thus be produced (i).
- the object shown in Figure 2 describes a basic structure of the coating according to the invention, in which a first metallic and conductive base coating (3) is deposited on the substrate (1) by conventional plastic electroplating pretreatment, by physical deposition or by direct metallization (2) and on this optionally an organic or metallic layer (4, 5) made of preferably copper is applied reinforcing, leveling and connecting, which receives the decorative zinc, zinc-nickel, nickel or chromium coating (6), which is treated by treating an organic or inorganic compound (7) can be passivated and colored.
- a further coating of organic and inorganic polymer compounds (8) is provided on the substrate (1) by conventional plastic electroplating pretreatment, by physical deposition or by direct metallization (2) and on this optionally an organic or metallic layer (4, 5) made of preferably copper is applied reinforcing, leveling and connecting, which receives the decorative zinc, zinc-nickel, nickel or chromium coating (6), which is treated by treating an organic or inorganic compound (7) can be passivated and colored.
- the object shown in FIG. 3 again comprises a substrate 1 made of plastic.
- a first metallic and conductive base coating (3) is deposited on this by conventional plastic electroplating, by physical deposition or by direct metallization (2), on which an organic or metallic layer (4) made preferably of copper is optionally applied in a reinforcing, leveling and connecting manner.
- another metal deposit made of preferably nickel or other metals (5) is applied, which receives the decorative zinc, zinc-nickel, nickel or chromium coating (6), obtained by treating an organic or inorganic ganic compound (7) can be passivated and colored.
- organic and inorganic polymer compounds (8) To protect the metallic decorative layer from environmental influences or media attack, it is provided with a further coating of organic and inorganic polymer compounds (8).
- galvanizing is not used as a functional layer but as a decorative layer.
- the main aim of the passivation is to enable the storage of color pigments and thus to offer a wide color spectrum.
- a wide variety of colors can be applied by the method according to the invention; from pink to violet, bronze to gold, etc.
- the typical color solutions or color pigments from aluminum coloring are used.
- the color pigments are not stored so deeply in the zinc surface, but only superficially.
- an oxide layer is formed in the normal atmosphere. This oxide layer protects the metal. In order to increase the corrosion resistance, the oxide layer can be further developed or treated. While in the case of zinc the oxide layer of 20 to 300 nm is only minimally pronounced through a chemical conversion by means of passivation, the oxide layer in the case of aluminum can be formed electrolytically up to 30 ⁇ m. This is not possible with zinc; in the case of zinc, an oxide layer can only be formed chemically but not electrolytically. It has been found that the color pigments are only very superficially on the zinc surface due to the low level of the oxide layer; they can therefore be easily wiped off. The passivation layer with the embedded color pigments is therefore not smudge-proof.
- the surface is not abrasion resistant. It is therefore protected from abrasion and scratches by applying a coating (8) using organic and/or inorganic polymer compounds and/or ceramic coatings and/or nanoparticles. After weighing up the effort required and the result achieved, the following process sequence has proven to be the most convincing after extensive series of tests:
- the layer structure according to the invention is carried out on a component made of one
- Substrate (1) consisting of plastic (a).
- the component is subjected to a conventional plastic pre-treatment (2) by roughening and activation with palladium or also chrome-free coating (possibly also direct metallization) up to copper, whereby a copper layer (4) is produced in matt or shiny.
- a nickel layer (5) is then produced. It is applied electrolytically.
- the nickel layer has a thickness of 1 to 20 ⁇ m. It serves as a barrier layer to prevent zinc from diffusing into the copper and/or as a structuring layer, for example to achieve different matt tones and at the same time create a diffusion barrier. Consequently, the nickel layer (5) simultaneously serves as a diffusion barrier.
- Zinc is then applied electrolytically, specifically in a thickness between 5 and 30 ⁇ m.
- the zinc layer (6) can be deposited from a single or multi-stage process. The coating times are between 5 minutes and 2 hours at temperatures RT up to 40°C.
- the component is then lightened in 0.3 to 1% nitric acid at temperatures from RT to 30°C; the duration is 5 seconds to 2 minutes.
- the brightening effects a clarification of the surface of the zinc layer (6) in order to be able to deposit a subsequent passivating solution.
- the component After the component has been brightened, it is passivated. It is passivated in trivalent chromium passivation solutions. These can vary from thin-layer and/or thick-layer passivation, depending on the desired layer thickness and color incorporation. The passivations can be applied from transparent to blue to thick-film passivation.
- the component is then colored in inorganic and/or organic and/or electrolytic compounds (7) at a temperature of RT to 40 °C for a period of 5 seconds to 60 minutes.
- the color pigments are only deposited superficially in the edge layer, the so-called conversion layer, which is only 20 nm to a maximum of 300 nm.
- the coloring is preferably carried out in a dip tank. Dyeing is a separate process step.
- a protective layer (8) made from organic and/or inorganic polymer compounds and/or nanocoat compounds and/or ceramic hybrid compounds.
- This protective layer (8) is applied either by a dipping and/or a spraying process in a thickness of 0.5 ⁇ m to 40 ⁇ m and serves not only to protect against abrasion but also to protect against UV rays.
- the component can be dried and/or stored warm, so-called tempering
- plastic components can be produced with any colored metallic coating.
- the component is galvanized, among other things, according to the invention, then passivated and colored. Galvanizing is not used here for functional reasons, as is the case with metal components to prevent corrosion, but for decorative reasons. This approach is unusual because galvanizing is commonly used in the professional world as protection against corrosion.
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Abstract
Description
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CN202280056247.8A CN117881817A (zh) | 2021-06-19 | 2022-06-20 | 装饰性塑料部件以及生产这种部件的方法 |
EP22737601.9A EP4355927A2 (de) | 2021-06-19 | 2022-06-20 | Dekoratives kunststoffbauteil und verfahren zur herstellung eines solchen bauteils |
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DE202021002143.4 | 2021-06-19 | ||
DE202021002143.4U DE202021002143U1 (de) | 2021-06-19 | 2021-06-19 | Dekoratives Kunststoffbauteil mit Zink, Zink-Nickel oder Nickelbeschichtung zur Darstellung optional farblicher, korrosionsstabiler Metallschichten |
DE102021127112.6 | 2021-10-19 | ||
DE102021127112.6A DE102021127112A1 (de) | 2021-06-19 | 2021-10-19 | Dekoratives Kunststoffbauteil und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines solchen Bauteils |
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Citations (4)
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EP1033416A1 (de) | 1999-03-01 | 2000-09-06 | Moen Incorporated | Dekorative, korrosions- und abriebbeständige Beschichtung |
DE10233120A1 (de) | 2002-07-20 | 2004-02-05 | Eichler Pulverbeschichtung Gmbh | Dekorative universelle Oberflächenbeschichtung |
EP2369032A1 (de) | 2010-03-25 | 2011-09-28 | Odelo GmbH | Verfahren zur Herstellung farbiger Oberflächen |
DE102010019913A9 (de) | 2009-05-08 | 2012-01-26 | Grohe Ag | Verbundkörper mit dekorativer Hochglanzoberfläche |
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DE50303475D1 (de) * | 2003-06-07 | 2006-06-29 | Galvano Roehrig Gmbh | Zinkbeschichtung von elektrisch nicht leitenden Oberflächen |
CN102666934A (zh) * | 2010-05-12 | 2012-09-12 | 住友电气工业株式会社 | 铝结构体的制造方法和铝结构体 |
EP2596150B1 (de) * | 2010-07-22 | 2020-06-17 | Modumetal, Inc. | Material und verfahren zur elektrochemischen abscheidung nanolaminierter messinglegierungen |
DE202017000347U1 (de) * | 2017-01-23 | 2017-02-15 | Gerhardi Kunststofftechnik Gmbh | Kunststoffbauteil mit galvanisierter und eloxierter Oberfläche zur Darstellung optional farblicher, korrosionsstabiler, dekorativer Metallschichten |
DE102019101887A1 (de) * | 2019-01-25 | 2020-07-30 | Kunststofftechnik Bernt Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines metallisierten Kunststoffbauteils, sowie Kunststoffbauteil |
-
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- 2022-06-20 WO PCT/EP2022/066762 patent/WO2022263681A2/de active Application Filing
- 2022-06-20 EP EP22737601.9A patent/EP4355927A2/de active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1033416A1 (de) | 1999-03-01 | 2000-09-06 | Moen Incorporated | Dekorative, korrosions- und abriebbeständige Beschichtung |
DE10233120A1 (de) | 2002-07-20 | 2004-02-05 | Eichler Pulverbeschichtung Gmbh | Dekorative universelle Oberflächenbeschichtung |
DE102010019913A9 (de) | 2009-05-08 | 2012-01-26 | Grohe Ag | Verbundkörper mit dekorativer Hochglanzoberfläche |
EP2369032A1 (de) | 2010-03-25 | 2011-09-28 | Odelo GmbH | Verfahren zur Herstellung farbiger Oberflächen |
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EP4355927A2 (de) | 2024-04-24 |
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