WO2022262792A1 - 基于链篦机-回转窑的预还原球团制备装置及方法 - Google Patents
基于链篦机-回转窑的预还原球团制备装置及方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022262792A1 WO2022262792A1 PCT/CN2022/099079 CN2022099079W WO2022262792A1 WO 2022262792 A1 WO2022262792 A1 WO 2022262792A1 CN 2022099079 W CN2022099079 W CN 2022099079W WO 2022262792 A1 WO2022262792 A1 WO 2022262792A1
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- Prior art keywords
- pellets
- hydrogen
- shaft furnace
- gas
- based shaft
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- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 252
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 103
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 155
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 155
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 149
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 148
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 138
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 112
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000112 cooling gas Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052595 hematite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011019 hematite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen(.) Chemical compound [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000026676 system process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 abstract description 20
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 9
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- YOBAEOGBNPPUQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Fe].[Fe] YOBAEOGBNPPUQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
- C22B1/2406—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating pelletizing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/0046—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes making metallised agglomerates or iron oxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/0046—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes making metallised agglomerates or iron oxide
- C21B13/0053—On a massing grate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/0073—Selection or treatment of the reducing gases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/02—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in shaft furnaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/02—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in shaft furnaces
- C21B13/029—Introducing coolant gas in the shaft furnaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/16—Sintering; Agglomerating
- C22B1/20—Sintering; Agglomerating in sintering machines with movable grates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/16—Sintering; Agglomerating
- C22B1/216—Sintering; Agglomerating in rotary furnaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
- C22B1/2413—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating enduration of pellets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/26—Cooling of roasted, sintered, or agglomerated ores
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B2100/00—Handling of exhaust gases produced during the manufacture of iron or steel
- C21B2100/40—Gas purification of exhaust gases to be recirculated or used in other metallurgical processes
- C21B2100/44—Removing particles, e.g. by scrubbing, dedusting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B2100/00—Handling of exhaust gases produced during the manufacture of iron or steel
- C21B2100/60—Process control or energy utilisation in the manufacture of iron or steel
- C21B2100/66—Heat exchange
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Definitions
- the disclosure belongs to the pretreatment technology of ferrous metallurgical raw materials in the field of iron and steel smelting, and in particular relates to a pre-reduction pellet preparation device and method.
- pellets are used as raw materials for blast furnaces and direct reduction, and are usually roasted to 1200- 1300°C, then cooled to normal temperature, then put into blast furnace or direct reduction furnace, heated to 1500°C or 900°C while reducing, and turned into molten iron or direct reduced iron;
- Luo Hao et al. proposed to replace the traditional ring cooler or belt cooler with vertical cooling kiln ventilation and cooling. It is assumed that this scheme has the characteristics of high utilization rate of waste heat and small footprint of the device.
- Publication No. CN111380366A introduces a waste heat recovery and utilization system for sintering hot ore and pellet coolers, and proposes the idea of dividing the cooler into high-temperature, medium-temperature and low-temperature flue gas regions, and it is matched with waste heat boilers.
- Publication No. CN112161260A introduces a method for cooling sinter and pellets, waste heat recovery and its boiler, and proposes to use a solid heat exchange waste heat recovery device, including a solid-solid heat exchanger, and the solid-solid heat exchanger includes a solid - Solid heat exchanger startup protection device, primary evaporator and secondary evaporator.
- Chinese patent CN202465830U introduces a system for recovering waste heat from pellets and sinters, which uses a feeding device, a tank-type cooling bin, a heat-resistant dust collector, a heat exchanger, a normal temperature dust collector and an induced draft fan to form a waste heat recovery system.
- Chinese patent CN104195278B introduces an iron ore shaft furnace-rotary kiln direct reduction process to produce iron powder. After the iron concentrate is pelletized, the raw balls are roasted in the shaft furnace, and coal particles are added to the direct reduction furnace for reduction. Choose to get metal iron powder.
- Publication No. CN111910072A introduces a method for preparing and using pre-reduced flux pellets using steel slag as part of the raw material, using steel slag as part of the raw material for the preparation of pre-reduced flux pellets; sieving the steel slag and taking out a particle size of 2 to 4 mm Steel slag is used as the core of pelletizing, and the rest of the steel slag is ground into steel slag powder, dust-removing ash iron red, iron concentrate powder and composite binder to make pellets. After drying, preheating and roasting, the finished product of pre-reducible flux pellets is obtained. pellets.
- Chinese patent CN103261446B introduces a method and device for producing direct reduced iron with a reducing gas source containing hydrogen and CO, using pellets and lump ore as iron raw materials, and adopting coal-to-gas preparation containing high oxidation (CO2 and H2O) reducing gas to produce DRI (direct reduced iron), which breaks through the limitation of using natural gas in the gas-based direct reduction shaft furnace in the past.
- Publication No. CN105408500A introduces a method of using natural gas to reduce iron oxide to metallic iron, converting purified or raw natural gas, purified or polluted coke oven gas, etc. Reducing gas/synthesis gas. Hydrocarbons, etc. are converted into H2 and CO due to reduction; its typical feature is that iron oxide is added to the shaft furnace at room temperature, and the gas is transformed and heated as reducing gas, and the high temperature required for the reaction is provided to solve the problem of low utilization Difficult problems, adopt the method of circulation, purify, heat and circulate many times.
- Chinese patent CN103898265B introduces a coke oven gas upgrading direct reduction iron ore system device and method, using the coke oven gas produced in the coking process to transform it into hydrogen-rich reducing gas ( H2 and CO), and then It is introduced into the shaft furnace to directly reduce the iron ore.
- This scheme can reduce carbon dioxide emissions in the iron ore reduction process, which is different from the route of direct reduction of iron by natural gas, and can better adapt to the characteristics of China's energy resources.
- Publication No. CN110484672A introduces a method for producing direct reduced iron in a gas-based shaft furnace.
- the method for producing direct-reduced iron in a gas-based shaft furnace utilizes the budol reaction of broken coke and CO under the blast furnace sieve to absorb heat, which can effectively reduce The temperature in the shaft furnace can reduce the thermal junction of the charge, and at the same time effectively use the reduction exothermic energy to improve the overall energy utilization rate.
- the generated CO increases the reduction potential in the furnace and promotes the reduction of iron ore, which is conducive to promoting the direct production of gas-based shaft furnace.
- Application of reduced iron ore technology Its iron ore is in the form of pellets or lump ore, and mixtures of both.
- coal particles in the above technical methods has the problem of high carbon emissions, and the gas-based direct reduction process has inherent thermodynamic limitations, mainly due to the large specific heat capacity of iron oxide, and after reforming with natural gas or coke oven gas, hydrogen is mainly used as the reducing agent , a large amount of heat is absorbed during the reduction process, and it is difficult to maintain the reduction temperature. Therefore, the gas needs to be heated and circulated for many times. In the whole process, the utilization rate of hydrogen is relatively low, usually around 30%, which makes the gas-based direct reduction process difficult. It is popularized around the world, and only developed in countries such as the Middle East and South America where the price of natural gas is cheap.
- the purpose of the present disclosure is to provide a pre-reduction pellet preparation device and method based on a grate-rotary kiln, using a grate-rotary kiln and a hydrogen-based shaft furnace to
- the roasting process of the pellets is organically combined with the reduction process, canceling the cooling process of the pellets after roasting and the heating process before the reduction of the pellets, and using the physical heat of the pellets after roasting to meet the heat required for the heating and reduction process, which solves the problem of traditional direct reduction
- the reduced pellets with a certain metallization rate were obtained, and the prepared pre-reduced pellets were used as the blast furnace charge, which can be It is a new low-carbon, green pre-reduced pellet preparation process that greatly reduces blast furnace fuel consumption and carbon emissions.
- the first aspect of the present disclosure provides a pre-reduction pellet preparation device, including a grate-rotary kiln oxidation pellet system and a hydrogen-based shaft furnace reduction system;
- the grate-rotary kiln oxidation pellet system includes a grate system and a rotary kiln system connected with the grate system; in the grate system, the iron-containing raw pellets are dried, pre-treated heat to obtain preheated pellets, and in the rotary kiln system, roast the preheated pellets at a temperature of 1170-1300°C to obtain calcined pellets;
- the hydrogen-based shaft furnace reduction system includes a hydrogen-based shaft furnace, a feeding system, a reducing gas system, a cooling system, and a discharging system;
- the roasted pellets are directly transported into the feeding system;
- the reducing gas system processes the flue gas from the hydrogen-based shaft furnace and provides reducing gas for the hydrogen-based shaft furnace;
- the calcined pellets from the feeding system are reduced to obtain pre-reduced pellets;
- the cooling system cools the pre-reduced pellets of the hydrogen-based shaft furnace to obtain cooled pre-reduced pellets pellets;
- the discharge system is located at the bottom of the hydrogen-based shaft furnace, and discharges the cooled pre-reduced pellets.
- the grate system is provided with a drying section I, a drying section II, a preheating section I and a preheating section II in sequence along the moving direction of the iron-containing green balls;
- the preheating section II is connected to the rotary kiln system, and is connected to the drying section II through the first reheating fan;
- the preheating section I is connected to the tubular heat exchanger of the reducing gas system, is connected to the rotary kiln system through a combustion-supporting fan, and is connected to the drying section I through a second reheating fan;
- Both the drying section I and the drying section II are connected to the bag filter through the main exhaust fan.
- the feeding system includes an upper hopper, a middle hopper and a lower hopper; a valve is provided between the upper hopper, the middle hopper and the lower hopper; and/or
- the reducing gas system includes a tube heat exchanger, a waste heat boiler, a first scrubber, a circulation fan and a pressurized fan;
- the tube heat exchanger is provided with a flue gas inlet, a flue gas outlet, an air inlet and an air outlet , the flue gas inlet is connected to the flue gas port on the top of the hydrogen-based shaft furnace, the flue gas outlet is connected to the waste heat boiler, the air inlet is connected to the fan, and the air outlet is connected to the grate system
- the preheating section I is connected; the gas outlet of the waste heat boiler is connected to the inlet of the first scrubber; one end of the circulating fan is connected to the gas outlet of the first scrubber, and the other end is connected to the hydrogen base
- the annular tuyere in the middle of the shaft furnace is connected; the pressurized fan pressurizes the reducing gas from the circulating fan; and/or
- the cooling system includes a supplementary oxygen combustion unit, a waste heat recovery unit, a second scrubber and a cooling fan; the supplementary oxygen combustion unit is connected to the gas outlet at the lower part of the hydrogen-based shaft furnace; one end of the waste heat recovery unit is connected to the The oxygen-supplementing combustion unit is connected, and the other end is connected with the air inlet of the second scrubber; one end of the cooling fan is connected with the gas outlet of the second scrubber, and the other end is connected with the inlet of the lower part of the hydrogen-based shaft furnace.
- the air port is connected; the air outlet is arranged on the upper part of the air inlet.
- the upper hopper is provided with an air duct; the middle hopper is provided with a pressure equalizing device; and the lower hopper is provided with a universal distributor.
- the second aspect of the present disclosure provides a method for preparing pre-reduced pellets.
- the pre-reduced pellet preparation method uses the pre-reduced pellet preparation device described in the first aspect of the present disclosure.
- the roasted pellets at a temperature of 1170-1300°C are obtained in the grate-rotary kiln oxidation pellet system, and then the roasted pellets are directly sent to the hydrogen-based shaft furnace reduction system of the pre-reduced pellet preparation device Reduction was carried out to obtain pre-reduced pellets.
- the method for preparing pre-reduced pellets comprises the following steps:
- the iron ore raw material is selected from one or more of magnetite, hematite and limonite; and/or
- the dosage of the bentonite is 0.7-1.5wt% of the iron ore raw material; and/or
- the binary alkalinity of the mixed material is 0.3-0.5 or 0.8-1.2; and/or
- the particle size of the iron-containing raw pellets is 8-20 mm; and/or
- the height of the iron-containing raw pellet layer is 250-400mm;
- the blast drying is carried out in the drying section I of the grate system, the blast drying temperature is 170-240°C, the wind speed is 0.8-1.4m/s, and the drying time is 1.5-2.5min; and/or
- the draft drying is carried out in the drying section II of the grate system, the draft drying temperature is 300-400°C, the wind speed is 0.8-1.4m/s, and the drying time is 4-6min; and/or
- the first-level preheating is carried out in the preheating section I of the grate system, the first-level preheating temperature is 600-800°C, the wind speed is 0.8-1.4m/s, and the first-level preheating time is 4-6min; and/or
- the secondary preheating is carried out in the preheating section II of the grate system, the secondary preheating temperature is 900-1100°C, the wind speed is 0.8-1.4m/s, and the secondary preheating time is 4-6min; and/ or
- the fuel of the rotary kiln system includes natural gas, coke oven gas, cracked gas, pyrolysis oil, biomass oil or biomass carbon; and/or
- the rotary kiln system uses hot air to support combustion, and the hot air comes from a mixed gas composed of air and hot exhaust gas from the grate system; and/or
- the calcination temperature is controlled to be 1170-1300° C., and the calcination time is 8-12 minutes; and/or
- the pressure of the hydrogen-based shaft furnace of the hydrogen-based shaft furnace reduction system is 200-250kPa; and/or
- the reducing gas adopts pure hydrogen or coke oven gas
- the reduction gas consumption is 800-1200m 3 /t, and the reduction reaction time is 40-100min; and/or
- the cooling gas comprises nitrogen and natural gas; and/or
- the cooling air flow rate is 1200-1800m 3 /t; and/or
- the discharge temperature of the pre-reduced pellets is lower than 150°C;
- the metallization ratio of the pre-reduced pellets is ⁇ 40%.
- the blast drying temperature is 190-210°C, and the wind speed is 0.9-1.2m/s; and/or
- the air drying temperature is 330-350°C, and the wind speed is 0.9-1.2m/s; and/or
- the wind speed is 0.9-1.2m/s.
- the wind speed is 0.9-1.2m/s.
- the metallization rate of the pre-reduced pellets is 40-62%
- the reducing gas adopts pure hydrogen, and the hydrogen utilization rate reaches more than 50% during the reducing reaction process.
- the reducing gas uses pure hydrogen, and during the reduction reaction, the hydrogen utilization rate reaches more than 55%; and/or
- the roasted pellets are transported to the feeding system of the hydrogen-based shaft furnace reduction system through a high-temperature resistant material tank, and then distributed through the feeding system into the hydrogen-based shaft furnace of the hydrogen-based shaft furnace reduction system , participating in the reduction reaction in the middle of the hydrogen-based shaft furnace;
- the reducing gas enters the hydrogen-based shaft furnace through the reducing gas system to participate in the reduction reaction, and the flue gas after the reaction enters the reducing gas system from the flue gas outlet at the top of the hydrogen-based shaft furnace, and undergoes heat exchange, waste heat recovery, After washing, enter the middle part of the hydrogen-based shaft furnace to participate in the reduction reaction;
- the cooling gas enters the hydrogen-based shaft furnace through the cooling system to participate in the cooling treatment, and the treated mixed gas enters the cooling system from the gas outlet at the lower part of the hydrogen-based shaft furnace, and after oxygen-supplementing combustion, waste heat recovery and washing, Then enter the lower part of the hydrogen-based shaft furnace to participate in cooling treatment.
- the distributing method of the feeding system is:
- the roasted pellets After the roasted pellets enter the feeding system, they pass through the upper hopper, middle hopper and lower hopper of the feeding system in turn, and then are distributed into the hydrogen-based shaft furnace through a universal distributor;
- the valve below the upper hopper is opened, and the roasted pellets Completely enter the middle hopper, close the valve below the upper hopper, and use the same gas composition as the hydrogen-based shaft furnace inner top gas to complete the pressure equalization process.
- the pressure equalization is completed, open the middle hopper
- the valve below the middle hopper close the valve below the middle hopper, open the valve at the lower part of the lower hopper, and distribute the roasted pellets into the hydrogen base In the shaft furnace.
- the device and method for preparing pre-reduced pellets uses a grate system, a rotary kiln system, and a hydrogen-based shaft furnace reduction system to organically combine the roasting process of the pellets with the reduction process, eliminating the need for pellets after roasting
- the physical heat of the pellets after roasting is used to meet the heat required for the heating and reduction process, which solves the problem of low hydrogen utilization rate and the low hydrogen utilization rate of the pellets during oxidation roasting and direct reduction in the traditional direct reduction process. Due to the technical problem of high energy consumption in the reduction process, reduced pellets with a certain metallization rate have been obtained.
- Using the prepared pre-reduced pellets as a blast furnace charge can greatly reduce blast furnace fuel consumption and carbon emissions. It is a low-carbon, Green pre-reduced pellet preparation new process;
- the device and method for preparing pre-reduced pellets uses pure hydrogen or hydrogen-rich gas to cool and reduce, the process is more concise, and the energy utilization efficiency is improved;
- the device and method for preparing pre-reduced pellets utilizes the physical heat of the pellets after roasting to meet the heat required for hydrogen reduction and gas temperature rise, making the thermodynamic conditions of hydrogen reduction more reasonable and greatly improving the utilization rate of hydrogen ;
- the device and method for preparing pre-reduced pellets preferably use non-fossil fuels such as pyrolysis gas, pyrolysis oil, biomass oil, and biomass carbon for combustion in the whole process, green electric drive equipment, pure hydrogen or hydrogen-rich
- non-fossil fuels such as pyrolysis gas, pyrolysis oil, biomass oil, and biomass carbon for combustion in the whole process, green electric drive equipment, pure hydrogen or hydrogen-rich
- Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a pre-reduced pellet preparation device of the present disclosure.
- the pre-reduction pellet preparation device includes a grate-rotary kiln oxidation pellet system 1 and a hydrogen-based shaft furnace reduction system 2;
- the grate-rotary kiln oxidation pellet system 1 includes a grate system 18 and a rotary kiln system 16 connected to the grate system 18, which are used to dry and preheat iron-containing green pellets sequentially and high temperature roasting;
- the grate system 18 sequentially dries and preheats iron-containing green pellets to obtain preheated pellets.
- the grate system 18 is provided with a drying section I and a drying section II in sequence along the green ball movement direction. 1. Preheating section I and preheating section II.
- the preheating section II is connected to the rotary kiln system 16.
- the preheating section II is connected to the drying section II through the first reheating fan 14; the preheating section I is connected to the reducing gas system 23
- the tube heat exchanger 235 is connected, and the preheating section I is connected to the rotary kiln system 16 through the combustion-supporting fan 17, and is connected to the drying section I through the second reheating fan 15; the drying section I and the drying section II are both through the main exhaust Machine 11 is connected with bag filter 12.
- the rotary kiln system 16 is used for high-temperature roasting of the preheated pellets preheated in the grate system 18.
- the rotary kiln system 16 uses burners to burn fuel to provide the heat required for the high-temperature roasting process.
- Grate machine-rotary kiln The roasted pellets obtained after roasting in the oxidation pellet system 1 are transported to the feeding system of the hydrogen-based shaft furnace reduction system 2 through a high-temperature-resistant material tank.
- the hydrogen-based shaft furnace reduction system 2 includes a hydrogen-based shaft furnace 22, a feeding system 21, a reducing gas system 23, a cooling system 24, and a discharge system, which are used to convert the oxidized balls through the grate machine-rotary kiln
- the roasted pellets obtained by roasting in the pellet system 2 are reduced;
- the feeding system 21 is arranged on the upper part of the hydrogen-based shaft furnace 22, and receives the roasted pellets from the rotary kiln system 16;
- the reducing gas system 23 provides the reduction gas for the hydrogen-based shaft furnace 22
- the reducing gas system 23 can also handle the flue gas produced by the reduction reaction in the hydrogen-based shaft furnace 22; in the hydrogen-based shaft furnace 22, the calcined pellets from the feeding system 21 are reduced to obtain Reducing pellets;
- the cooling system 24 provides cooling gas to cool the pre-reduced pellets obtained in the hydrogen-based shaft furnace 22 to obtain cooled pre-reduced pellets, and can also process the mixed gas generated after cooling; discharge The
- the feeding system 21 includes an upper hopper 211, a middle hopper 212 and a lower hopper 213; in order to maintain a closed environment in each part of the hopper, a valve is provided between the upper hopper 211, the middle hopper 212 and the lower hopper 213.
- the upper hopper 211 is also provided with a vent pipe to facilitate the introduction of steam (preferably high temperature and high pressure) or nitrogen (preferably high temperature and high pressure) to replace the oxygen in the air.
- the middle hopper 212 is equipped with a pressure equalization device, and the gas with the same composition as the top gas in the shaft furnace can be used to complete the pressure equalization process.
- a universal distributor is provided below the lower hopper 213.
- the reducing gas system 23 is used to provide the reducing gas required for the reduction reaction of the hydrogen-based shaft furnace 22, which includes a tubular heat exchanger 235, a waste heat boiler 231, a first scrubber 232, and a circulating fan 233 And pressurized fan 234;
- Tube heat exchanger 235 is provided with flue gas inlet, flue gas outlet, air inlet and air outlet, and wherein flue gas inlet is connected with the flue gas mouth of hydrogen-based shaft furnace 22 tops, and flue gas outlet is connected with
- the waste heat boiler 231 is connected; the air inlet is connected to the heat exchange fan 236, and the air outlet is connected to the preheating section I of the grate system 18; the other end of the waste heat boiler 231 is connected to the air inlet of the first scrubber 232, and the circulation fan 233
- One end communicates with the gas outlet of the first scrubber 232, and the other end communicates with the annular tuyere in the middle of the hydrogen-based shaft furnace 22
- the cooling system 24 includes an oxygen-supplementing combustion unit 241, a waste heat recovery unit 242, a second scrubber 243, and a cooling fan 244;
- the oxygen-supplementing combustion unit 241 is connected to the gas outlet at the bottom of the hydrogen-based shaft furnace 22; waste heat recovery One end of the unit 242 is connected with the supplementary oxygen combustion unit 241, and the other end is connected with the air inlet of the second scrubber 243;
- the air inlet is connected; wherein the air outlet is arranged on the upper part of the air inlet; in specific use, the cooling gas enters from the air inlet at the bottom of the hydrogen-based shaft furnace 22, and the pre-reduced balls after the reduction reaction are placed in the lower part of the hydrogen-based shaft furnace 22
- the mixed gas after the cooling treatment passes through the oxygen-supplementing combustion unit 241, the waste heat recovery unit 242 recovers waste heat, and the second scrubber 243 washes, and then passes through the lower part of the hydrogen-based shaft furnace 22 under the action of
- the discharge system is used to discharge the cooled pre-reduced pellets.
- the method for preparing pre-reduced pellets uses the above-mentioned pre-reduced pellet preparation device.
- the method is as follows: sending iron-containing green pellets into the grate-rotary kiln oxidation pellet system 18 After internal high-temperature roasting, it is directly sent to the hydrogen-based shaft furnace reduction system 2 for reduction. Specifically include the following steps:
- the specific process is as follows: mix one or more of magnetite, hematite and limonite with Blaine specific surface area ⁇ 1500cm 2 /g after pretreatment by ball mill or high pressure roller mill to obtain iron ore raw material, and then mix Add bentonite, add finely ground limestone or slaked lime to obtain a mixed material with a binary alkalinity (CaO/SiO 2 ) of 0.3-0.5 or 0.8-1.2, wherein the amount of bentonite is 0.7-1.5wt% of the iron ore raw material, The binary alkalinity of the mixed material is adjusted by finely ground limestone or slaked lime, which needs to be determined according to the actual use; then an appropriate amount of water is added, and the particle size is 8-20mm obtained by pelletizing with a disc pelletizer or a cylinder pelletizer of iron-containing green balls.
- Add bentonite add finely ground limestone or slaked lime to obtain a mixed material with a binary alkalinity (CaO/
- the iron-containing green balls prepared in step (1) are distributed to the grate system 18 to obtain a layer of iron-containing green balls, and the total height of the material layer is 250-400mm;
- the preheated pellets are obtained through blast drying, suction drying, primary preheating, and secondary preheating, and then preheating
- the pellets are roasted by using burners to burn combustibles to provide heat to obtain roasted pellets;
- the blast drying is carried out in the drying section I, and the hot waste gas from the preheating section I is used to blast the iron-containing green balls from the bottom of the material layer through the second reheating fan 15, and the blast drying temperature is controlled at 170-240°C , preferably 190-210°C; the wind speed is 0.8-1.4m/s, preferably 0.9-1.2m/s, and the drying time is 1.5-2.5min;
- Suction drying is carried out in the drying section II.
- the hot exhaust gas from the preheating section II is used to guide it above the material surface through the first reheating fan 14.
- the ventilation drying temperature is adjusted according to the bursting temperature of the green pellets, and is controlled below the pellet bursting temperature. Below the temperature, the air drying temperature is 300-400°C, preferably 330-350°C, the wind speed is 0.8-1.4m/s, preferably 0.9-1.2m/s, and the drying time is 4-6min;
- the first-stage preheating is carried out in the preheating stage I.
- the hot air passes through the tubular heat exchanger 235 of the reducing gas system 23, and the air is obtained by indirect heat exchange with the flue gas after the reduction reaction.
- the temperature of the first-stage preheating is 600-800°C.
- the wind speed is 0.8-1.4m/s, preferably 0.9-1.2m/s, and the first-stage preheating time is 4-6min;
- the secondary preheating is carried out in the preheating section II, the hot air comes from the hot exhaust gas produced by the roasting of the rotary kiln, the temperature of the secondary preheating is controlled at 900-1100°C, and the wind speed is 0.8-1.4m/s, preferably 0.9-1.2 m/s, the warm-up time is 4-6min.
- Roasting is carried out in the rotary kiln system 16, using the combustion of fuel at the burner to provide heat, wherein the fuel can be combustible oil or gas, including natural gas, coke oven gas, pyrolysis gas, pyrolysis oil, biomass oil or biomass carbon , the fuel is preferably pyrolysis gas, pyrolysis oil or gas from non-fossil energy sources such as biomass oil.
- hot air is used to support the combustion. The hot air comes from the mixed gas composed of air and hot exhaust gas from the preheating stage I. , control the roasting temperature to 1170-1300°C, the roasting time to 8-12min, and the cold compressive strength of the pellets after roasting to be ⁇ 2200N/piece.
- the exhaust gas passes through the main exhaust fan 11, passes through the bag filter 12 and the dust removal, desulfurization and denitrification system, and passes through the chimney 13 after meeting the ultra-low emission standard. Row.
- the pellets After roasting, the pellets enter the hydrogen-based shaft furnace reduction system, undergo a reduction reaction with the reducing gas, and then undergo cooling treatment with the cooling gas to obtain cooled pre-reduced pellets: after roasting, the pellets enter through the high-temperature resistant material tank
- the feeding system 21 of the hydrogen-based shaft furnace reduction system 2 enters the hydrogen-based shaft furnace 22 of the hydrogen-based shaft furnace reduction system 2 through the feeding system 21, and the reduction reaction is carried out in the middle of the hydrogen-based shaft furnace 22.
- the reduction reaction Perform cooling treatment at the lower part of the hydrogen-based shaft furnace 22 to obtain cooled pre-reduced pellets; wherein the flue gas after the reduction reaction enters the reducing gas system 23 from the flue gas outlet at the top of the hydrogen-based shaft furnace 22, and undergoes heat exchange and waste heat recovery After washing, enter the middle part of the hydrogen-based shaft furnace 22 through the reducing gas system 23 to participate in the reduction reaction; the mixed gas after cooling treatment enters the cooling system 24 from the gas outlet at the bottom of the hydrogen-based shaft furnace 22, and undergoes oxygen-supplementing combustion, waste heat recovery, After washing, enter the bottom of the hydrogen-based shaft furnace 22 through the cooling system 24 to participate in cooling treatment: the specific process is as follows:
- step (2) the calcined pellets prepared in step (2) enter the feeding system 21 of the hydrogen-based shaft furnace reduction system 2 through the high-temperature resistant material tank, and enter the upper hopper 211, the middle hopper 212 and the upper hopper of the feeding system 21 in turn.
- the lower hopper 213 is then put into the hydrogen-based shaft furnace 22.
- Cooling treatment After the pellets undergo reduction reaction after roasting, cooling gas is used in the lower part of the hydrogen-based shaft furnace 22 for cooling treatment, and the mixed gas after the cooling treatment enters the cooling system 24 from the gas outlet at the lower part of the hydrogen-based shaft furnace 22, After oxygen-supplemented combustion, waste heat recovery, and washing, the cooling system 24 participates in the cooling process through the lower air inlet of the hydrogen-based shaft furnace 22; in the cooling process, nitrogen and a small amount of natural gas are used to cool the recovered Sponge iron (DRI) contained in the material can catalyze the cracking of CH 4 and form a small amount of Fe 3 C to complete the carburizing process to prevent the re-oxidation of DRI; in the above process, the cooling air flow is 1200-1800m 3 /t, cooling During the process of cooling the pellets, a small amount of H 2 will be brought out.
- DRI recovered Sponge iron
- the mixed gas is burned with supplementary oxygen, and then the waste heat is utilized. After that, the H 2 O is removed by the scrubber to obtain N 2 and a small amount of CO 2 The mixed gas, the mixed gas is recycled; the final output of the hydrogen-based shaft furnace 22 is the cooled pre-reduced pellets, and the output temperature is lower than 150 ° C.
- the metallization rate of the product is determined according to the requirements of the subsequent process.
- the metallization rate of the pre-reduced pellets obtained is ⁇ 40%, and the hydrogen utilization rate reaches above 40%.
- the metallization rate of the pre-reduced pellets is 40-62%, and the hydrogen utilization rate reaches above 50%.
- the device and method for preparing pre-reduced pellets of the present disclosure will be further introduced in conjunction with specific examples below; the devices and methods for preparing pre-reduced pellets in the following examples adopt the above-mentioned devices and methods;
- the iron ore raw materials in Examples 1-5 are shown in Table 1.
- Add bentonite and finely ground limestone to obtain a mixed material add water to mix, and pelletize to obtain iron-containing green pellets, and then transfer them to the grate system and pass through the drums successively.
- Air drying, draft drying, primary preheating, and secondary preheating are used to obtain preheated pellets, and then enter the rotary kiln system for roasting to obtain roasted pellets.
- the roasting parameters are shown in Table 1;
- the roasted pellets were transferred to a hydrogen-based shaft furnace reduction system for reduction, and after reduction with pure hydrogen or coke oven gas, pre-reduced pellets were obtained by cooling with nitrogen and methane and carburizing.
- the reduction parameters are shown in Table 2 ;
- Example 1 the binary alkalinity of the iron-containing raw pellets is 1.0, and the processing parameters in Table 1 are used to obtain high cold compressive strength of the pellets after roasting. After roasting, the pellets are cooled and reduced by pure hydrogen, and the hydrogen utilization The metallization rate of the pre-reduced pellets obtained after cooling can reach 62%.
- Example 2 the binary alkalinity of iron-containing raw pellets is 0.3, and the processing parameters in Table 1 are adopted. Because the ratio of magnetite is high, the preheating and roasting temperatures can be appropriately reduced, and the pellets are pure after roasting. Hydrogen cooling reduction has a hydrogen utilization rate of 61%, and the metallization rate of pre-reduced pellets obtained after cooling can reach 54%.
- Example 3 the binary basicity of iron-containing raw pellets is 0.9, and the processing parameters in Table 1 are adopted. After roasting, the pellets are cooled and reduced by pure hydrogen, and the hydrogen utilization rate is 65%. The pre-reduced pellets obtained after cooling The metallization rate can reach 60%.
- Example 4 the binary alkalinity of the iron-containing raw balls is 0.4, and the processing parameters in Table 1 are adopted. Due to the reduction in the amount of alkaline flux (finely ground limestone powder), the preheating and roasting temperatures can be appropriately reduced, and the roasting After the pellets are cooled and reduced by pure hydrogen, the hydrogen utilization rate is 55%, and the metallization rate of the pre-reduced pellets obtained after cooling can reach 56%.
- alkaline flux finely ground limestone powder
- Example 5 the binary alkalinity of the iron-containing green pellets is 1.0, and the processing parameters in Table 1 are used to obtain high cold compressive strength of the pellets after roasting. CO and CH 4 react with H 2 O in water gas, and the hydrogen utilization rate is relatively lower than that of pure hydrogen. In this example, the hydrogen utilization rate is only 42%, and the metallization rate of the pre-reduced pellets can reach 51%.
- the grate-rotary kiln-based pre-reduction pellet preparation device and method utilizes the grate system, the rotary kiln system and the hydrogen-based shaft furnace reduction system to complete the roasting process of the pellets.
- the cooling process of the pellets after roasting and the heating process before the reduction of the pellets are canceled, and the physical heat of the pellets after roasting is used to meet the heat required for the heating and reduction process, which solves the problem of hydrogen in the traditional direct reduction process.
- the low utilization rate and high energy consumption of pellets in the process of oxidative roasting and direct reduction are technical problems. Reduced pellets with a certain metallization rate have been obtained.
- the prepared pre-reduced pellets as blast furnace charge can greatly reduce the cost of blast furnace Fuel consumption and carbon emission, it is a low-carbon, green pre-reduction pellet preparation new process; using pure hydrogen or hydrogen-rich gas for cooling and reduction, the process is simpler and energy utilization efficiency is improved; using the physical heat of the pellets after roasting, Satisfy the heat required for hydrogen reduction and gas heating, making the thermodynamic conditions of hydrogen reduction more reasonable, and greatly improving the utilization rate of hydrogen; the whole process preferably uses non-fossil energy combustion such as cracked gas, pyrolysis oil, biomass oil, and biomass carbon.
- Green electric drive equipment pure hydrogen or hydrogen-rich gas reduction method can realize the production of pre-reduced pellets in a carbon-free or low-carbon process; using the pre-reduced pellets in traditional blast furnaces or converters can greatly reduce carbon in the steel process emission.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (10)
- 一种预还原球团制备装置,其特征在于,所述装置包括链篦机-回转窑氧化球团系统和氢基竖炉还原系统;所述链篦机-回转窑氧化球团系统包括链篦机系统以及与所述链篦机系统连接的回转窑系统;在所述链篦机系统中,对含铁生球顺序进行干燥、预热,获得预热后的球团,以及在所述回转窑系统中,在1170-1300℃的温度下对预热后的球团进行焙烧,获得焙烧后球团;所述氢基竖炉还原系统包括氢基竖炉、上料系统、还原气系统、冷却系统以及出料系统;所述上料系统设于所述氢基竖炉上部,来自所述回转窑系统的焙烧后球团被直接输送到所述上料系统中;所述还原气系统处理来自所述氢基竖炉的烟气,以及为所述氢基竖炉提供还原气;在所述氢基竖炉中对来自所述上料系统的焙烧后球团进行还原,获得预还原球团;所述冷却系统对所述氢基竖炉的预还原球团进行冷却,获得冷却后的预还原球团;所述出料系统设于所述氢基竖炉的底部,排出冷却后的预还原球团。
- 根据权利要求1所述的预还原球团制备装置,其特征在于,所述链篦机系统上沿含铁生球运动方向依次设有干燥Ⅰ段、干燥Ⅱ段、预热Ⅰ段和预热Ⅱ段;所述预热Ⅱ段与回转窑系统相连通,以及通过第一回热风机与所述干燥Ⅱ段连接;所述预热Ⅰ段与所述还原气系统的管式换热器连接,以及通过助燃风机与回转窑系统连接,并且通过第二回热风机与所述干燥Ⅰ段连接;所述干燥Ⅰ段、干燥Ⅱ段均通过主抽风机与布袋除尘器连接。
- 根据权利要求2所述的预还原球团制备装置,其特征在于,所述上料系统包括上部料斗、中部料斗以及下部料斗;所述上部料斗、中部料斗以及下部料斗之间均设有阀门;和/或所述还原气系统包括管式换热器、余热锅炉、第一洗涤器、循环风机以及加压风机;所述管式换热器上设有烟气入口、烟气出口、空气入口和空气出口,所述烟气入口与所述氢基竖炉顶部的烟气口连接,所述烟气出口与余热锅炉连接,所述空 气入口与风机连接,所述空气出口与所述链篦机系统的预热Ⅰ段连接;所述余热锅炉的出气口与所述第一洗涤器的进气口连接;所述循环风机一端与所述第一洗涤器的出气口连接,另一端与所述氢基竖炉中部的环形风口连通;所述加压风机为所述循环风机出来的还原气加压;和/或所述冷却系统包括补氧燃烧单元、余热回收单元、第二洗涤器以及冷却风机;所述补氧燃烧单元与所述氢基竖炉下部的出气口连接;所述余热回收单元一端与所述补氧燃烧单元连接,另一端与所述第二洗涤器的进气口连接;所述冷却风机一端与所述第二洗涤器的出气口连接,另一端与所述氢基竖炉下部的进气口连通;所述出气口设于所述进气口上部。
- 根据权利要求3所述的预还原球团制备装置,其特征在于,所述上部料斗上设有通气管道;所述中部料斗上设有均压装置;所述下部料斗上设有万向布料器。
- 一种预还原球团制备方法,其特征在于,所述预还原球团制备方法包括使用如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的预还原球团制备装置制备预还原球团,在所述预还原球团制备装置的链篦机-回转窑氧化球团系统中在1170-1300℃温度下对球团进行焙烧,获得温度为1170-1300℃的焙烧后球团,然后将所述焙烧后球团直接送入所述预还原球团制备装置的氢基竖炉还原系统中进行还原,获得预还原球团。
- 根据权利要求5所述的预还原球团制备方法,其特征在于,所述预还原球团制备方法包括以下步骤:(1)向铁矿石原料中配入膨润土和细磨石灰石/消石灰得到混合物料,然后加水混合,经造球制得含铁生球;(2)将所述含铁生球布入链篦机系统内,形成含铁生球料层,对含铁生球料层依次进行鼓风干燥、抽风干燥、一级预热、二级预热,得到预热球团,然后将所述预热球团送入回转窑系统,在1170-1300℃下进行焙烧,得到温度为1170-1300℃的焙烧后球团;(3)将所述焙烧后球团送入氢基竖炉还原系统中,使得焙烧后球团与还原气发生还原反应,再经冷却气进行冷却处理后得到预还原球团。
- 根据权利要求6所述的预还原球团制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中,所述铁矿石原料选自磁铁矿、赤铁矿和褐铁矿中的一种或以上;和/或铁矿石原料的勃氏比表面积≥1500cm 2/g;和/或所述膨润土的配入量为所述铁矿石原料的0.7-1.5wt%;和/或所述混合物料的二元碱度为0.3-0.5或0.8-1.2;和/或所述含铁生球的粒度为8-20mm;和/或所述步骤(2)中,所述链篦机系统中,所述含铁生球料层的高度为250-400mm;和/或所述鼓风干燥在链篦机系统的干燥Ⅰ段进行,鼓风干燥温度为170-240℃,风速为0.8-1.4m/s,干燥时间为1.5-2.5min;和/或所述抽风干燥在链篦机系统的干燥Ⅱ段进行,抽风干燥温度为300-400℃,风速为0.8-1.4m/s,干燥时间为4-6min;和/或所述一级预热在链篦机系统的预热Ⅰ段进行,一级预热温度为600-800℃,风速为0.8-1.4m/s,一级预热时间为4-6min;和/或所述二级预热在链篦机系统的预热Ⅱ段进行,二级预热温度为900-1100℃,风速为0.8-1.4m/s,二级预热时间为4-6min;和/或所述回转窑系统的燃料包括天然气、焦炉煤气、裂解气、热解油、生物质油或生物质碳;和/或所述回转窑系统采用热风助燃,所述热风来自于空气和所述链篦机系统的热废气所组成的混合气体;和/或所述焙烧过程中,焙烧时间为8-12min;和/或所述步骤(3)中,所述氢基竖炉还原系统的氢基竖炉的压力为200-250kPa;和/或所述还原气采用纯氢或焦炉煤气;和/或所述还原反应过程中,所述还原气的消耗量为800-1200m 3/t,还原反应时间为40-100min;和/或所述冷却气包含氮气和天然气;和/或所述冷却处理过程中,所述冷却气流量为1200-1800m 3/t;和/或所述预还原球团的出料温度低于150℃;所述预还原球团的金属化率≥40%。
- 根据权利要求7所述的预还原球团制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中,所述鼓风干燥过程中,鼓风干燥温度为190-210℃,风速为0.9-1.2m/s;和/或所述抽风干燥过程中,抽风干燥温度为330-350℃,风速为0.9-1.2m/s;和/或所述一级预热过程中,风速为0.9-1.2m/s;和/或所述二级预热过程中,风速为0.9-1.2m/s;和/或所述步骤(3)中,所述预还原球团的金属化率为40-62%,所述还原气采用纯氢,所述还原反应过程中,氢利用率达到50%以上。
- 根据权利要求6所述的预还原球团制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)中,所述还原气采用纯氢,所述还原反应过程中,氢利用率达到55%以上;和/或所述焙烧后球团通过耐高温料罐输送至所述氢基竖炉还原系统的上料系统中,再经所述上料系统布料进入所述氢基竖炉还原系统的氢基竖炉中,在所述氢基竖炉的中部参与还原反应;所述还原气通过还原气系统进入所述氢基竖炉中参与还原反应,反应后的烟气从所述氢基竖炉顶部的烟气出口进入还原气系统中,经换热、余热回收、洗涤后,再进入所述氢基竖炉的中部参与还原反应;所述冷却气通过冷却系统进入所述氢基竖炉中参与冷却处理,处理后的混合气体从所述氢基竖炉下部的出气口进入冷却系统,经补氧燃烧、余热回收、洗涤后,再进入所述氢基竖炉的下部参与冷却处理。
- 根据权利要求9所述的预还原球团制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)中,所述上料系统的布料方式为:所述焙烧后球团进入所述上料系统后,依次通过上料系统的上部料斗、中部料斗和下部料斗后,再通过万向布料器布入所述氢基竖炉中;所述焙烧后球团装入所述上部料斗后,通入蒸汽或氮气进行置换,确保所述上部料斗内的氧含量≤1%后,打开所述上部料斗下方的阀门,所述焙烧后球团完全进 入所述中部料斗中,关闭所述上部料斗下方的阀门,采用与所述氢基竖炉内顶煤气成分相同的煤气完成均压过程,所述均压完成后,打开所述中部料斗下方的阀门,所述焙烧后球团完全进入所述下部料斗后,关闭所述中部料斗下方的阀门,打开所述下部料斗下部的阀门,将所述焙烧后球团布入到所述氢基竖炉中。
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