WO2022262186A1 - 一种自升式勘探平台 - Google Patents

一种自升式勘探平台 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022262186A1
WO2022262186A1 PCT/CN2021/130793 CN2021130793W WO2022262186A1 WO 2022262186 A1 WO2022262186 A1 WO 2022262186A1 CN 2021130793 W CN2021130793 W CN 2021130793W WO 2022262186 A1 WO2022262186 A1 WO 2022262186A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pile
water inlet
platform
leg
elevating
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Application number
PCT/CN2021/130793
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
马振军
张帅君
吴平平
周锦添
麦志辉
徐天殷
喻祥
张庆勇
孙伟豪
Original Assignee
广东精铟海洋工程股份有限公司
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Application filed by 广东精铟海洋工程股份有限公司 filed Critical 广东精铟海洋工程股份有限公司
Publication of WO2022262186A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022262186A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B17/04—Equipment specially adapted for raising, lowering, or immobilising the working platform relative to the supporting construction
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B17/04—Equipment specially adapted for raising, lowering, or immobilising the working platform relative to the supporting construction
    • E02B17/08—Equipment specially adapted for raising, lowering, or immobilising the working platform relative to the supporting construction for raising or lowering
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B2017/0056—Platforms with supporting legs

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of marine engineering, in particular to a self-elevating exploration platform.
  • the existing Chinese patent whose notification number is CN105113985B discloses an exploration platform system for a special area, which includes a power system, an exploration platform and a drilling system.
  • this kind of exploration platform system used in special areas makes reasonable use of space and can adapt to large-scale exploration operations in special areas such as floating silt, swamps, and shoals, if it is floated in special areas through buoyancy tanks, it will be damaged due to water The flow caused the exploration platform to fluctuate up and down, making it impossible to continue exploration operations.
  • the existing Chinese patent with the notification number CN101643110B discloses a single-side cantilever type water exploration platform system, including a workboat, and multiple windlasses are arranged on the workboat; when there is a large fluctuation in the sea level, the exploration platform As the workboat floats or descends, there is not enough space and time to increase or decrease the protective sleeve at this time, which easily reduces the accuracy of offshore exploration.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to propose a self-elevating exploration platform, which aims to solve the technical problems in the prior art that the exploration platform is easily affected by water flow and tidal changes, resulting in low efficiency of exploration operations, low quality of work, and poor safety performance.
  • the present invention proposes a self-elevating exploration platform, including a platform, legs, spud cans, lifting devices and a pile flushing system; the legs are installed on the platform, and the spud shoes are arranged on the The lower end of the pile leg; the lifting device is arranged on the platform to control the lifting of the pile leg relative to the platform; the pile flushing system is arranged on the pile leg to disperse the spud can and /or coverings on the legs. It can be applied to exploration operations in different sea conditions. It is easy to operate, safe and reliable, and not affected by current and tide changes. It can significantly improve the quality of exploration work, improve work efficiency and improve safety.
  • the pile flushing system includes:
  • pile flushing pipeline which is installed on the pile legs, and the input end communicates with the output end of the pile flushing pump, and the pile flushing pipeline is provided with an opening;
  • the protective cover includes a housing and an opening and closing structure, the housing is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet, the housing is installed at the opening, and the water inlet and the opening communicate with each other, the opening
  • the closing structure is slidably arranged in the housing and is used to control the opening and closing of the water outlet and/or the water inlet. Prevent external water or soil from entering into the pile flushing pipeline and cause blockage, which will affect the subsequent pile flushing effect and cause difficulty in pile extraction, thereby reducing the failure of pile extraction operations, or even failure to complete pile extraction operations.
  • the opening and closing structure includes a slider and an elastic damping rebound device
  • the slider includes a slider and a partition arranged on the slider, and the partition divides the interior of the housing into a second A cavity and a second cavity
  • the water inlet includes a first water inlet and a second water inlet, and the first water inlet and the second water inlet are respectively connected to the first cavity and the second water inlet
  • the second cavity communicates with each other, and the water outlet communicates with the second cavity
  • the elastic damping rebound device is located in the second cavity and controls the water outlet and/or the The opening and closing of the second water inlet hole.
  • the opening and closing of the second water inlet hole is controlled by opening or closing the pile flushing pump, without separately controlling the opening and closing structure.
  • the elastic damping and rebounding device includes a spring and an inner cylinder, the outer wall of the inner cylinder is attached to the inner wall of the housing, and the two ends of the spring respectively abut against the inner top surface of the inner cylinder and the inner end surface of the housing, and the end of the sliding rod close to the second water inlet hole is abutted against the outer end surface of the inner cylinder.
  • the structure is simple, and the movement of the inner cylinder can be realized by using the elastic force of the spring itself, and then the water outlet or the water inlet can be opened or closed.
  • the housing includes a shell body and a front end cover and a rear end cover respectively installed at both ends of the shell body; the inner end surface of the rear end cover is provided with a first positioning post, and the inner end surface of the inner cylinder is provided with There is a second positioning post corresponding to the first positioning post, and the spring is sleeved on the first positioning post and the second positioning post. It can be used to position the spring, restrict the spring, and prevent the spring from deviating from failure and even causing deformation during compression and extension.
  • the inner wall of the housing is provided with a first limit step for restricting the inner cylinder between the first water inlet hole and the second water inlet hole;
  • a second limiting step for limiting the partition is arranged between the first water inlet hole and the second water inlet hole.
  • the movement of the inner cylinder is restricted by the first limiting step and the movement of the partition is restricted by the second limiting step, which is more convenient to implement and can better ensure the moving distance of the inner cylinder.
  • the pile flushing pipeline includes a main pipeline and a plurality of water outlet pipelines connected with the main pipeline, each of the water outlet pipelines is provided with the opening, and each of the openings is equipped with the protection cover. It can reduce the pile flushing pipeline exposed outside the pile leg.
  • each of the outlet pipes is provided with a flow measuring device and a speed regulating valve; the flow measuring device is connected with data of the pile flushing control system, and the pile flushing control system is used to receive the data of the flow measuring device And control the speed regulating valve. Avoid the unbalanced load that occurs during pile flushing and pile pulling, and ensure the safety of construction.
  • the water outlet pipe is coiled around the outer wall of the upper leg, and at least one of the water outlet pipes is provided above and below the connection between the spud can and the pile leg, and the water outlet pipe is wound around the outer wall of the pile leg.
  • a plurality of openings are uniformly opened in the center. Reduce pile pulling resistance, evenly disperse the silt covered on the pile boots and pile legs, and improve the efficiency of dispersing the silt.
  • the spud cans are detachably installed on the spud legs, and the platform is provided with a groove near the spud legs; when the spud legs are not inserted into the seabed, the spud cans are hidden in the spud legs inside the groove. Provides a place to place and hide spud boots.
  • the spud can includes at least one top plate, the upper end of the top plate is detachably connected to the spud legs, and the top plate is inclined outward. Control the mud entry depth of pile legs and improve the overall adaptability of the platform.
  • the platform is provided with an anchoring positioning system
  • the anchoring positioning system includes an anchorage, a winch and an anchor cable
  • the winch is installed on the anchoring point of the platform
  • the anchor cable on the winch passes through the guide
  • the cable is connected to the anchor.
  • azimuth propellers are installed on opposite sides of the platform.
  • the position of the platform can be adjusted to assist in realizing the movement of the platform in a small range.
  • a self-elevating exploration platform of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: the platform can be applied to exploration operations in different sea conditions by setting a lifting device, and under the switching of different use modes, the operation is simple and the operation is safe and reliable; the entire exploration platform Unaffected by water flow and tidal changes, it can significantly improve the quality of exploration work, improve work efficiency and improve safety; setting up a pile flushing system on the pile leg can wash away the silt attached to the pile shoe, reduce pile pullout resistance, and improve pullout. Pile efficiency and equipment safety.
  • Fig. 1 is the side view structure schematic diagram of self-elevating exploration platform of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a top view structural schematic diagram of the self-elevating exploration platform of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of part A in Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 4 is a side view structural schematic diagram of the platform of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the spud can and the spud leg of the present invention
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the pile flushing system, pile shoes and pile legs of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of part B in Fig. 6;
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure between the pile flushing pipe and the rubber sleeve of the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure at another angle between the piling pipe and the rubber sleeve of the present invention.
  • Fig. 10 is the structural representation of protective cover of the present invention.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a protective cover of the present invention.
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the housing of the present invention.
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the opening and closing structure of the present invention.
  • the directional indication is only used to explain the position in a certain posture (as shown in the accompanying drawing). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.
  • a self-elevating exploration platform 1 includes a platform 1, a pile leg 2, a pile shoe 3, a lifting device 4 and a pile flushing system; the pile leg 2 is installed on the platform 1 , the spud shoe 3 is arranged at the lower end of the pile leg 2; the lifting device 4 is arranged on the platform 1 to control the lifting of the pile leg 2 relative to the platform 1; the pile flushing system is arranged at on the pile leg 2 to disperse the covering on the pile can 3 and/or the pile leg 2 .
  • the platform 1 is used to provide a place for exploration operators and exploration equipment, etc., and the legs 2 are used to insert into the seabed to raise the platform 1 from the water surface;
  • the lifting device 4 is arranged on the platform 1, and is used to insert the legs 2 into the seabed or Pull out the pile leg 2 from the seabed;
  • the pile shoe 3 is used to control the depth of the pile leg 2 inserted into the soil, and to improve the stability of the pile leg 2 and the platform 1; Covering (such as earth etc.), to facilitate the rising of pile leg 2.
  • a plurality of cabins are arranged under the main deck of the platform 1, including a ballast tank, an engine room and an empty cabin;
  • the ballast tank is a cabin for storing ballast water, which is used to adjust the center of gravity position, floating state and stability of the platform 1.
  • the engine room is used to place all kinds of control equipment of the platform 1, etc.;
  • the empty cabin is used for the use of the staff, such as placing daily necessities, providing rest places, etc.;
  • the entire platform 1 has a strong structure, which ensures the safety of the operation and meets the requirements. Operational needs and the living needs of the staff.
  • the platform 1 is a cuboid structure, and there are through holes for the legs 2 to pass through at the four corners of the platform 1, so four legs 2 are arranged on the platform 1; four lifting devices 4 are arranged on the platform 1 , each lifting device 4 is responsible for the lifting of a pile leg 2; when the pile leg 2 needs to be inserted into the seabed, a pile shoe 3 is installed at the lower end of each pile leg 2; Each flushing system is correspondingly responsible for flushing the covering of the spud can 3 on the corresponding pile leg 2 .
  • the shape, structure and size of the platform 1 can be set according to the exploration requirements, and for platforms 1 of different shapes, mechanisms and sizes, the position and number of legs 2 can be different; the number of legs 2 can be one or more .
  • each leg 2 is provided with a lifting device 4 to achieve the effect of independent lifting of each leg 2; however, a lifting device 4 can be provided Simultaneously control the lifting of multiple legs 2, or set multiple lifting devices 4 to be responsible for the rising or falling of the same leg 2, and the number of lifting devices 4 is not specifically limited here.
  • the lifting device 4 can be a hydraulic bolt-type lifting device 4, that is, corresponding bolt holes are provided on the platform 1 and the legs 2, and the legs 2 are provided with a plurality of bolt holes along the axial direction, so that the platform 1 and the legs The pin holes on 2 correspond to each other, and then insert the pin shaft to fix the platform 1 and the leg 2.
  • the pin shaft is inserted into different pin holes of the leg 2 to make the leg 2 at different heights.
  • the lifting of the leg 2 depends on hydraulic control ; In addition to the hydraulic pin type, rack and pinion transmission, hoisting and other methods can also be used, which are not specifically limited here.
  • Platform 1 adopts steel for hull structure, which is an all-welded steel structure, and adopts a single-deck longitudinal frame type; the bottom adopts a longitudinal frame type single-layer structure, and a strong frame is set every 3 to 4 rib positions, and a strong girder is set longitudinally to support a strong frame.
  • a crane 8 is provided on the platform 1, and the crane 8 is used for hoisting objects that need to be transported during offshore operations, including required equipment and things harvested in seabed operations.
  • the pile leg 2 When the platform 1 is in a relatively high sea state, the pile leg 2 is inserted into the seabed through the lifting device 4, so that the platform 1 is raised above the water surface to a certain air gap height, and the platform 1 is not affected by changes in current and tide, which can significantly improve the exploration operation Efficiency; when the pile leg 2 is inserted into the seabed, the pile shoe 3 is on the bottom of the seabed, thereby improving the stability of the pile leg 2 . Setting the pile flushing system on the pile leg 2 can wash away the silt attached to the pile shoe 3, reduce pile pulling resistance, and improve pile pulling efficiency and equipment safety. Therefore, the self-elevating exploration platform 1 is suitable for exploration operations in different sea conditions. It is simple to operate, safe and reliable to operate, and is not affected by changes in water currents and tides. It can significantly improve the quality of exploration work, improve work efficiency, and improve safety.
  • pile flushing system includes:
  • Pile flushing pipeline 52 which is installed on the pile leg 2, and the input end communicates with the output end of the pile flushing pump 51, and the pile flushing pipeline 52 is provided with an opening 521;
  • the protective cover 53 includes a housing 531 and an opening and closing structure 532, the housing 531 is provided with a water inlet 5311 and a water outlet 5312, the housing 531 is installed at the opening 521, and the water inlet 5311 and the water outlet 5312
  • the openings 521 communicate with each other, and the opening and closing structure 532 is slidably disposed in the housing 531 and used for controlling the opening and closing of the water outlet 5312 and/or the water inlet 5311 .
  • the pile flushing pump 51 is a high-pressure water pump used to pump water into the pile flushing pipeline 52.
  • the pile flushing pump 51 can directly pump seawater into the pile flushing pipeline 52; the pile flushing pump 51 can be specifically arranged on the top of the pile leg 2 .
  • the pile flushing pipeline 52 is installed on the pile leg 2, and the head end (i.e.
  • the pile flushing pipe 52 can be directly welded and fixed inside the pile leg 2, the pipe near the pile shoe 3 extends to the outside of the pile leg 2, and the pile flushing pipe 52 outside the pile leg 2 is provided with an opening 521, and the opening 521 Towards the spud can 3 , the water in the flushing duct 52 can be drained through the opening 521 .
  • Pile flushing pipeline 52 adopts seamless steel pipe to form, and what flow out from pile flushing pump 51 end uses is the seamless steel pipe with pipe diameter bigger, and the pipeline that connects protective cover 53 at the end adopts seamless steel pipe with pipe diameter less, through regulating pipe diameter to increase the pressure of the pile flushing water and improve the mud flushing effect; the pile flushing pipeline 52 is fixed inside the pile leg 2 by welding to ensure the safety of the entire structure.
  • the protective cover 53 includes a housing 531 and an opening and closing structure 532.
  • the housing 531 can be a hollow cylindrical structure.
  • a water inlet 5311 and a water outlet 5312 are provided on the side wall of the housing 531.
  • the housing 531 is installed in the pile flushing pipeline 52 At the opening 521 of the opening 521, the opening 521 communicates with the water inlet 5311;
  • An opening and closing structure 532 is provided in the housing 531, and the opening and closing structure 532 is slidably arranged in the housing 531.
  • the opening and closing structure 532 slides in the housing 531, it can move away from or approach the water outlet 5312 and/or the water inlet. 5311; such as, when away from the water inlet 5311, the water inlet 5311 can be opened, so that the inside of the flushing pile pipe 52 and the inside of the housing 531 are connected to each other;
  • the inside of the pile pipe 52 is not in communication with the inside of the casing 531 .
  • a protective cover 53 is installed, and the opening or closing of the water inlet 5311 is realized by the opening and closing structure 532 in the protective cover 53, so that the water in the pile flushing pipeline 52 can be discharged into the protective cover 53 or Blocking the water inlet 5311 prevents external water or soil from entering into the pile flushing pipe 52 and causing blockage, thereby affecting the subsequent pile flushing effect and making it difficult to pull out the pile, thereby reducing the failure of the pile pulling operation, or even failing to complete the pile pulling operation .
  • the protective cover 53 can also prevent silt from entering the pile flushing pipeline 52 and increase the pressure of the pile flushing pipe to the sprayed water.
  • the overall material of the protective cover 53 is 10CrMoAl, which can resist the corrosion of seawater, improve the service life of the protective cover 53, and enhance reliability.
  • the opening and closing structure 532 includes a slider 5321 and an elastic damping rebound device 5322
  • the slider 5321 includes a slider 53211 and a partition 53212 arranged on the slider 53211, and the partition 53212 will
  • the interior of the housing 531 is divided into a first cavity 5313 and a second cavity 5314
  • the water inlet 5311 includes a first water inlet 53111 and a second water inlet 53112, and the first water inlet 53111 and the second water inlet 53111
  • the second water inlet hole 53112 communicates with the first cavity 5313 and the second cavity 5314 respectively, and the water outlet 5312 communicates with the second cavity 5314
  • the elastic damping rebound device 5322 is located in the second cavity 5314 and controls the opening and closing of the water outlet 5312 and/or the second water inlet 53112 .
  • the opening and closing structure 532 includes a slider 5321 and an elastic damping rebound device 5322.
  • the slider 5321 includes a slider 53211 and a partition 53212.
  • the slider 53211 and the partition 53212 are perpendicular to each other.
  • the outer wall of the partition 53212 is against the inner wall of the housing 531.
  • the shape of the partition 53212 is consistent with the cross-sectional shape formed by the inner wall of the casing 531; if the casing 531 is a hollow cylinder, the partition 53212 is a circular plate; when the casing 531 is a hollow polygonal cylinder, the partition
  • the plate 53212 is in the shape of a polygonal plate.
  • the partition 53212 divides the inside of the housing 531 into a first cavity 5313 and a second cavity 5314; the first water inlet 53111 and the second water inlet 53112 are connected to the opening 521, and the first water inlet 53111 is connected to the second water inlet 53111.
  • the first cavity 5313 communicates with each other, and the second water inlet hole 53112 communicates with the second cavity 5314.
  • the elastic damping rebound device 5322 is located at the second water inlet 53112 and blocks the second water inlet 53112; the pile flushing pump 51 pumps water into the pile flushing pipeline 52, and the water in the pile flushing pipeline 52 Enter the first cavity 5313 through the opening 521 and the first water inlet 53111; when the first cavity 5313 is filled with water, the water pressure will drive the partition 53212 to move to the side of the second water inlet 53112; then slide Rod 53211 pushes against elastic damping rebound device 5322, makes elastic damping rebound device 5322 away from second water inlet 53112, makes second water inlet 53112 communicate with second cavity 5314; Enter the second cavity 5314 through the opening 521 and the second water inlet hole 53112, and the water in the second cavity 5314 is sprayed out through the water outlet 5312, and the sprayed water will cover the spud can 3 Soil and seabed sediments are dispersed, so as to facilitate the spud boot 3 to be pulled up from the seabed
  • the water hole 53112 prevents soil or sediment from entering the second cavity 5314 and blocking the second water inlet hole 53112 and the opening 521 when the pile pump 51 no longer pumps water.
  • the opening and closing structure 532 is so arranged that the opening and closing of the second water inlet 53112 can be controlled by opening or closing the pile pump 51, without separately controlling the opening and closing structure 532; After a cavity 5313 is pumped into the water, the second water inlet 53112 is opened, so that the water in the pile flushing pipeline 52 can be sprayed out through the water outlet 5312; when the pile flushing is stopped, the second water inlet 53112 can be automatically closed again to avoid Dirt clogged.
  • the sliding rod 53211 runs through the partition 53212 , and one end of the sliding rod 53211 close to the first water inlet hole 53111 protrudes from the partition 53212 .
  • the sliding rod 53211 runs through the partition 53212, that is, the two ends of the sliding rod 53211 protrude toward the two end faces of the partition 53212 respectively;
  • the inner end surface, the end close to the second water inlet hole 53112 is against the elastic damping rebound device 5322 .
  • the structure of the slider 5321 is set in this way, which can ensure that when the pile flushing pump 51 is not opened, the partition plate 53212 will not be close to the inner end surface of the housing 531 under the action of the elastic damping rebound device 5322, thereby avoiding the first cavity 5313.
  • the volume is zero, and the partition plate 53212 blocks the first water inlet 53111; therefore, when the pile flushing pump 51 is turned on, the elastic damping rebound device 5322 can open the second water inlet 53112 to ensure the normal progress of the pile flushing process.
  • the elastic damping and rebounding device 5322 includes a spring 53221 and an inner cylinder 53222, the outer wall of the inner cylinder 53222 is attached to the inner wall of the housing 531, and the two ends of the spring 53221 respectively abut against the The inner top surface of the inner cylinder 53222 and the inner end surface of the housing 531 , and the end of the sliding rod 53211 close to the second water inlet 53112 abuts against the outer end surface of the inner cylinder 53222 .
  • the inner cylinder 53222 is a hollow cylindrical structure with an opening 521 at one end. Specifically, the end close to the slider 5321 is a closed end, and the end far away from the slider 5321 is an opening 521 end; the shape of the inner cylinder 53222 is consistent with the shape of the housing 531 , if the housing 531 is a hollow cylinder, the inner cylinder 53222 is also a cylinder, and the outer diameter of the inner cylinder 53222 is equal to or slightly larger than the inner diameter of the housing 531, so that the outer wall of the inner cylinder 53222 can be close to the inner wall of the housing 531; The two ends of the spring 53221 are against the inner top surface of the inner cylinder 53222 and the inner end surface of the housing 531 respectively.
  • the inner cylinder 53222 When the spring 53221 is stretched, the inner cylinder 53222 is pushed to move to the side where the first water inlet hole 53111 is located; the first cavity 5313 is filled When entering water, the slider 5321 pushes the inner cylinder 53222 to move to the side where the second water inlet 53112 is located, thereby compressing the spring 53221.
  • the elastic damping and rebounding device 5322 has a simple structure, and the movement of the inner cylinder 53222 can be realized by using the elastic force of the spring 53221 itself, and the outer wall of the inner cylinder 53222 is close to the inner wall of the housing 531, so that the inner cylinder 53222 is located at the second water inlet 53112
  • the second water inlet hole 53112 can be completely blocked when being placed, so as to prevent silt or sediment from entering into the pile flushing pipeline 52.
  • the elastic damping rebound device 5322 can block the water outlet 5312 and the second water inlet 53112 at the same time, or the elastic damping rebound device 5322 can only Block the second water inlet 53112; by setting the position of the second water inlet 5311 and the water outlet 5312 and the length of the inner cylinder 53222, when the pile flushing pump 51 does not pump water into the first cavity 5313, the inner cylinder 53222 can Block the water outlet 5312 and the second water inlet 53112 at the same time, effectively prevent silt or seabed sediment from entering the second cavity 5314 through the water outlet 5312, thereby further avoiding the pile flushing pipeline 52, the second water inlet 5311, Water outlet 5312 is blocked.
  • the housing 531 includes a housing body 5316 and a front end cover 5317 and a rear end cover 5318 respectively mounted on both ends of the housing body 5316; the inner end surface of the rear end cover 5318 is provided with a first positioning column 53181, so that The inner end surface of the inner cylinder 53222 is provided with a second positioning post 532221 corresponding to the first positioning post 53181, and the spring 53221 is sleeved on the first positioning post 53181 and the second positioning post 532221.
  • the shell body 5316 is a hollow cylinder with openings 521 at both ends, and the front end cover 5317 and the rear end cover 5318 are detachably installed on both ends of the shell body 5316, so that the slider 5321 and the elastic damping rebound device 5322 are conveniently arranged.
  • the housing 531 In the housing 531; and it is convenient to disassemble, replace, clean and discharge the substances that may accumulate in the housing 531.
  • the slider 5321 is located on the side close to the front end cover 5317, the elastic damping rebound device 5322 is located on the side close to the rear end cover 5318, and the inner end surface of the rear end cover 5318 is provided with a first positioning column 53181 extending to the inside of the housing 531,
  • the spring 53221 is sleeved on the first positioning; when the spring 53221 is in the stretched state, the length of the spring 53221 is much longer than the length of the first positioning post 53181, and the spring 53221 can be normally compressed to prevent the first positioning post 53181 from interfering with the squeeze spring 53221 inner cylinder 53222.
  • the inner end surface of the inner cylinder 53222 is provided with a second positioning post 532221, and the two ends of the spring 53221 are respectively sleeved on the first positioning post 53181 and the second positioning post 532221.
  • the length of the first positioning post 53181 plus the length of the second positioning post 532221 The length is less than the length when the spring 53221 is stretched, so as to ensure that the spring 53221 can be normally compressed.
  • one of the first positioning post 53181 and the second positioning post 532221 is hollow, the other can be embedded in the hollow area, so that the first positioning post 53181 and the second positioning post 532221 do not affect the Compression of spring 53221.
  • the first positioning post 53181 and the second positioning post 532221 are provided for positioning the spring 53221 and restricting the spring 53221 to prevent the spring 53221 from deviating from failure or even causing deformation during compression and expansion.
  • the inner wall of the housing 531 is provided with a first limiting step 5315 between the first water inlet hole 53111 and the second water inlet hole 53112 for limiting the inner cylinder 53222;
  • the inner wall of the body 531 is provided with a second limiting step 5319 between the first water inlet hole 53111 and the second water inlet hole 53112 for limiting the partition plate 53212 .
  • the inner cylinder 53222 When water is pumped into the first cavity 5313 or when the spring 53221 rebounds due to its own elastic force, the inner cylinder 53222 can slide in the housing 531; the first limit step 5315 is used to limit the movement of the inner cylinder 53222 to avoid Under the action of the spring 53221, the inner cylinder 53222 cannot block the second water inlet 53112 and the water outlet 5312 due to the excessive movement to the side of the first water inlet 53111, so that the water entering from the second water inlet 53112 is poured To the inside of the inner cylinder 53222, it will affect the rebound of the spring 53221, and even corrode and damage the spring 53221.
  • the inner cylinder 53222 can be prevented from moving too far toward the first water inlet hole 53111 by selecting a spring 53221 with proper elasticity, or setting the length of the slide bar 53211 to limit the inner cylinder 53222 from moving too far toward the first water inlet hole.
  • 53111 moves on one side, but these two methods are more troublesome to implement; therefore, according to the position of the second water inlet 53112, the water outlet 5312, and the length of the inner cylinder 53222, directly connect the first water inlet 53111 and the second water inlet.
  • the first limit step 5315 is set between the water holes 53112, and the movement of the inner cylinder 53222 is restricted by the first limit step 5315, which is more convenient to implement and can better ensure the moving distance of the inner cylinder 53222; specifically, the first limit
  • the distance between the position step 5315 and the second water inlet hole 53112 should be less than or equal to the length of the inner cylinder 53222, so that when the end face of the inner cylinder 53222 touches the first limit step 5315, the inner cylinder 53222 can still block the second inlet hole. Water hole 53112.
  • the partition 53212 is used to divide the inner cavity of the housing 531, and the slider 5321 is used to move the elastic damping rebound device 5322 to open the second water inlet 53112; when water is pumped into the first cavity 5313 or the spring 53221 is When the elastic rebounds, the partition 53212 can slide in the housing 531; the second limiting step 5319 is used to limit the movement of the partition 53212, and after the second limiting step 5319 restricts the partition 53212, the pile in the pile pipe 52 Water can only enter the second cavity 5314 in the second water inlet hole 53112, and then spray out through the water outlet 5312; therefore, the water flow is more concentrated, the jetting speed is greater, and the effect of washing away silt or seabed sediment is better.
  • the above effects can be achieved by setting the length of the slider 5321 and the length of the elastic damping rebound device 5322, but the implementation is difficult; the maximum volume of the first cavity 5313 can be controlled by setting the second limit step 5319, and at the same time Ensure that the slider 5321 drives the elastic damping rebound device 5322 to open the water outlet 5312 and/or the second water inlet 53112 .
  • the pile flushing pipeline 52 includes a main pipeline 522 and a plurality of outlet pipelines 523 communicating with the main pipeline 522, each of the outlet pipelines 523 is provided with the opening 521, and each of the openings 521
  • the protective cover 53 is installed everywhere.
  • the pile pump 51 is generally arranged on the top of the pile leg 2, and the pile shoe 3 is arranged at the lower end of the pile leg 2. Since the pile leg 2 is long, the water output from the pile pile pump 51 needs to pass through A longer distance is ejected from the opening 521.
  • the pile flushing pipeline 52 is divided into a main pipeline 522 and a plurality of outlet pipelines 523, one end of the main pipeline 522 is connected with the pile flushing pump 51 through a high-pressure union joint 57, and the other end is connected with a plurality of outlet pipelines 523; the main pipeline 522 is located at the pile leg 2, the outlet pipe 523 is located outside the leg 2, and the outlet pipe 523 with openings 521 is close to the lower end of the leg 2, and each opening 521 is equipped with a protective cover 53.
  • Pile flushing pipe 52 is refined into main pipe 522 and water outlet pipe 523, which can reduce the exposure of pile flushing pipe 52 to the outside of pile legs 2; it is also convenient to design the diameter of main pipe 522 to be larger to meet the water supply requirements for multiple outlet pipes 523 demand.
  • each of the outlet pipes 523 is provided with a flow measuring device 58 and a speed regulating valve 59; the flow measuring device 58 is connected to the pile flushing control system for data connection, and the pile flushing control system is used to receive the flow rate The data of the measuring device 58 is used to control the speed regulating valve 59 .
  • the flow measurement device 58 is used to detect the water flow of the water outlet pipeline 523, and the speed regulating valve 59 is used to adjust the water flow velocity and water pressure of the water outlet pipeline 523.
  • the flow measurement device 58 can be a flow monitor or a flow meter.
  • Every outlet pipeline 523 is all provided with flow measuring device 58 and speed regulating valve 59, and all flow measuring devices 58 and all speed regulating valves 59 are all connected with pile flushing control system (not shown in the figure) data connection, and pile flushing control system real-time Receiving the water output of each outlet pipe 523, when the flow rate of a certain outlet pipe 523 is greater than or less than the set normal range value, the pile flushing control system reduces or increases the flow rate of the outlet pipe 523 by controlling the speed regulating valve 59 on the outlet pipe 523.
  • the flow rate of the water outlet pipe 523 avoid the unbalanced load that occurs in the process of flushing piles and pulling piles, and ensure the safety of construction.
  • outlet pipe 523 is coiled around the outer wall of the upper leg 2, and at least one outlet pipe 523 is provided above and below the connection between the spud shoe 3 and the leg 2, and the outlet pipe 523 A plurality of openings 521 are uniformly opened around the center of the leg 2 .
  • the water outlet pipe 523 is an annular pipe, and is coiled on the outer wall of the pile leg 2; one end of the pile shoe 3 is connected with the pile leg 2, and the other end extends outward; when multiple outlet pipes 523 are provided, the pile leg 2 and the pile shoe 3 At least one outlet pipe is provided above the connection, and at least one water outlet pipe 523 is provided below the connection.
  • Such setting can make the water jetted from the water outlet pipe 523 located below the joint wash away the silt accumulated around the pile leg 2, and the water jetted from the water outlet pipe 523 located above the joint wash away the mud accumulated on the pile leg 2 and the pile shoe 3
  • the silt on the pile can greatly reduce the pile pulling resistance and improve the pile pulling efficiency.
  • each water outlet pipe 523 is provided with a plurality of openings 521, and each opening 521 is equipped with a protective cover 53, so the same water outlet pipe 523 can spray water in different directions;
  • Set on the water outlet pipe 523 since the water outlet pipe 523 is coiled on the pile leg 2 , a plurality of openings 521 are uniformly arranged around the center of the pile leg 2 . Evenly arranging a plurality of openings 521 can also reduce pile pulling resistance, evenly disperse the silt covered on the spud can 3 and pile legs 2, improve the efficiency of dispersing the silt, and thereby improve the pile pulling efficiency.
  • the spud can 3 is detachably installed on the spud leg 2, and the platform 1 is provided with a groove 11 near the spud leg 2; when the spud leg 2 is not inserted into the seabed, the The spud can 3 is hidden in the groove 11.
  • the legs 2 When the platform 1 is in a relatively high sea state, it is necessary to lift the platform 1 out of the water, and at this time, the legs 2 need to be inserted into the seabed; Place the platform 1 on the sea surface so that the platform 1 is floating on the sea surface. At this time, the spud legs 2 are not inserted into the seabed; at this time, the spud boots 3 can be removed from the spud legs 2, and the spud boots 3 can be placed in the groove 11. Or the spud can 3 is installed on the spud leg 2, and the spud can 3 is located in the groove 11 when the spud leg 2 is fixed. The groove 11 is provided to provide a place for placing and hiding the spud can 3 .
  • the spud can 3 includes at least one top plate 31, the upper end of the top plate 31 is detachably connected with the spud leg 2, and the top plate 31 is inclined outward.
  • the spud can 3 is composed of four top plates 31, the upper ends of the top plates 31 are detachably mounted on the pile legs 2 through bolts, and each top plate 31 belongs to the same level; when viewed from above, the spud can 3 is a hollow polygon, with The vacated part is a square for accommodating the legs 2 .
  • the top plate 31 gradually slopes outward from top to bottom, that is, the upper end is connected to the pile leg 2, and the lower end is away from the pile leg 2; specifically, when the top plate 31 and the pile leg 2 are on the same plane, there is a 60-degree angle in the structure, which is convenient for covering when pulling out piles.
  • the silt on the top plate 31 is separated; the top plate 31 is structurally provided with ribs to strengthen the overall structural strength and ensure the reliability and safety of the pile legs 2 .
  • the bottom of the spud shoe 3 is not provided with a plate.
  • the platform 1 is provided with a mooring positioning system 6, the mooring positioning system 6 includes an anchor 61, a winch 62 and an anchor cable 63, the winch 62 is installed on the mooring positioning point of the platform 1, so The anchor cable 63 on the winch 62 is connected to the anchorage 61 through a cable fairlead.
  • the anchorage 61 is used for throwing into the seabed, so that the platform 1 floats on the sea surface smoothly; the winch 62 is used for retracting or releasing the anchorage 61;
  • the floating operation is generally adopted, and the platform 1 is positioned and moored by the mooring positioning system 6 .
  • Each anchoring point is provided with a winch 62, and the winch 62 is provided with an anchor cable 63, and the anchor cable 63 passes through the fairlead and the anchorage 61. connect.
  • the platform 1 can be moved within a small range through the mooring positioning system 6, and the positioning and mooring of the platform 1 can be realized by tightening the anchor cable 63 after reaching the positioning point, which has the effect of precise positioning and guarantees the quality of exploration.
  • azimuth propellers 7 are installed on opposite sides of the platform 1 .
  • the azimuth propeller 7 is a propeller with two functions of propelling and manipulating the platform 1, and can arbitrarily change the direction of the thrust with the change of the position, so that the platform 1 can turn around in situ and move forward and backward freely; when the platform 1 floats on the sea surface, it can also The position of the platform 1 can be adjusted to assist in realizing the movement of the platform 1 within a small range.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Placing Or Removing Of Piles Or Sheet Piles, Or Accessories Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及海洋工程技术领域，具体为一种自升式勘探平台，包括平台、桩腿、桩靴、升降装置和冲桩系统；所述桩腿安装在所述平台上，所述桩靴设置在所述桩腿的下端；所述升降装置设置在所述平台上，以控制所述桩腿相对所述平台升降；所述冲桩系统设置在所述桩腿上，以冲散所述桩靴和/或所述桩腿上的覆盖物。本发明，通过设置升降装置可使平台适用于不同海况的勘探作业，且在不同使用模式的切换下，操作简单，作业安全可靠；整个勘探平台不受水流以及潮汐变化的影响，能够显著提高勘探工作质量、提高工作效率和提高安全保障；在桩腿上设置冲桩系统可将桩靴上附着的淤泥冲散，减少拔桩阻力，提高拔桩效率和设备安全性。

Description

一种自升式勘探平台 技术领域
本发明涉及海洋工程技术领域，具体为一种自升式勘探平台。
背景技术
海上风、浪、潮、流诸多因素综合影响，使海上勘探环境复杂多变，不同海域的勘探作业环境相差很大，海域水面宽阔、海域水深变化大、波涌浪起伏较大、海水流速较快，复杂海况使海上工程勘探面临较多技术难题。
现有的，公告号为CN105113985B的中国专利公开了一种用于特殊区域的勘探平台系统，它包括动力系统、勘探平台和钻探系统。这种用于特殊区域的勘探平台系统虽然合理利用空间，并能适应在大面积的浮淤、沼泽、浅滩等特殊区域勘探作业，但如果通过浮箱在特殊区域浮起后，会因为水的流动造成勘探平台上下起伏波动，无法继续进行探勘作业。
现有的，公告号为CN101643110B的中国专利公开了一种单侧悬臂式水上勘探平台系统，包括工作船，所述工作船上设多个锚机；当海平面有较大波动的时候，勘探平台随着工作船上浮或下降，这时没有足够的空间和时间来增减保护套管，从而容易降低海上勘探的精度。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提出一种自升式勘探平台，旨在解决现有技术中勘探平台容易受水流以及潮汐变化的影响，造成勘探作业效率低下、工作质量低、安全性能差的技术问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提出一种自升式勘探平台，包括平台、桩腿、桩靴、升降装置和冲桩系统；所述桩腿安装在所述平台上，所述桩靴设置在所述桩腿的下端；所述升降装置设置在所述平台上，以控制所述桩腿相对所述平台升降；所述冲桩系统设置在所述桩腿上，以冲散所述桩靴和/或所述桩腿上的覆盖物。可适用于不同海况的勘探作业，操作简单，作业安全可靠， 不受水流以及潮汐变化的影响，能够显著提高勘探工作质量、提高工作效率和提高安全保障。
优选地，所述冲桩系统包括：
冲桩泵；
冲桩管道，其安装在所述桩腿上、且输入端与所述冲桩泵的输出端相互连通，所述冲桩管道开设有开口；
防护罩，其包括壳体和开闭结构，所述壳体开设有进水口和出水口，所述壳体安装在所述开口处、且所述进水口与所述开口相互连通，所述开闭结构可滑动地设置在所述壳体内、且用于控制所述出水口和/或所述进水口的开闭。避免外部的水或者土体进入到冲桩管道内、造成堵塞，从而影响后面的冲桩效果、造成拔桩困难，进而降低拔桩作业失效、甚至无法完成拔桩作业。
优选地，所述开闭结构包括滑块和弹性阻尼回弹装置，所述滑块包括滑杆和设置在所述滑杆上的隔板，所述隔板将所述壳体内部分割为第一空腔和第二空腔；所述进水口包括第一进水孔和第二进水孔，所述第一进水孔和所述第二进水孔分别与所述第一空腔和所述第二空腔相互连通，所述出水口与所述第二空腔相互连通；所述弹性阻尼回弹装置位于所述第二空腔内、且控制所述出水口和/或所述第二进水孔的开闭。通过冲桩泵的开启或闭合来控制第二进水孔的开闭，无需单独控制开闭结构。
优选地，所述弹性阻尼回弹装置包括弹簧和内筒，所述内筒的外壁与所述壳体的内壁相贴合，所述弹簧的两端分别抵于所述内筒的内顶面和所述壳体的内端面，所述滑杆靠近所述第二进水孔的一端抵于所述内筒的外端面。结构简单，利用弹簧自身的弹力即可实现内筒的移动，进而开启或闭合出水口或进水口。
优选地，所述壳体包括壳身和分别安装在所述壳身两端的前端盖和后端盖；所述后端盖的内端面设置有第一定位柱，所述内筒的内端面设置有与所述第一定位柱相对应的第二定位柱，所述弹簧套设在所述第一定位柱和所述第二定位柱上。可用于定位弹簧、限制弹簧，防止弹簧在压缩和伸展过程中偏离失效，甚至造成变形。
优选地，所述壳体的内壁在所述第一进水孔和所述第二进水孔之间设置有用于限制所述内筒的第一限位台阶；所述壳体的内壁在所述第一进水孔和 所述第二进水孔之间设置有用于限制所述隔板的第二限位台阶。通过第一限位台阶限制内筒的移动、第二限位台阶限制隔板的移动，实施起来较为方便，且更能保证内筒的移动距离。
优选地，所述冲桩管道包括主管道和多条与所述主管道相连通的出水管道，每条所述出水管道均开设有所述开口，每个所述开口处均安装有所述防护罩。可减少冲桩管道外露在桩腿外部。
优选地，每条所述出水管道上均设置有流量测量装置和调速阀；所述流量测量装置与冲桩控制系统数据连接，所述冲桩控制系统用于接收所述流量测量装置的数据并控制所述调速阀。避免冲桩、拔桩过程中发生的偏载，确保施工的安全性。
优选地，所述出水管道盘绕在上桩腿的外壁，所述桩靴与所述桩腿连接处的上方和下方各至少设置有一条所述出水管道，所述出水管道绕所述桩腿的中心均匀开设有多个所述开口。减少拔桩阻力，均匀冲散覆盖在桩靴、桩腿上的淤泥，提高冲散淤泥的效率。
优选地，所述桩靴可拆卸地安装在所述桩腿上，所述平台在靠近所述桩腿处设有凹槽；当所述桩腿未插入海底时，所述桩靴藏匿于所述凹槽内。可提供放置、藏匿桩靴的位置。
优选地，所述桩靴包括至少一块顶板，所述顶板的上端与所述桩腿可拆卸连接，且所述顶板向外倾斜。控制桩腿的入泥深度，提高平台整体的适应性。
优选地，所述平台上设置有锚泊定位系统，所述锚泊定位系统包括锚具、绞车和锚索，所述绞车安装在所述平台的锚泊定位点上，所述绞车上的锚索通过导缆器连接所述锚具。实现平台在小范围内移动，定位效果精准，保证勘探质量等效果。
优选地，所述平台相对的两侧均安装有全回转推进器。可调整平台位置，辅助实现平台在小范围内的移动。
本发明一种自升式勘探平台，至少具有以下有益效果：通过设置升降装置可使平台适用于不同海况的勘探作业，且在不同使用模式的切换下，操作简单，作业安全可靠；整个勘探平台不受水流以及潮汐变化的影响，能够显著 提高勘探工作质量、提高工作效率和提高安全保障；在桩腿上设置冲桩系统可将桩靴上附着的淤泥冲散，减少拔桩阻力，提高拔桩效率和设备安全性。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图示出的结构获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明自升式勘探平台的侧视结构示意图；
图2为本发明自升式勘探平台的俯视结构示意图；
图3为图2中A部分的局部放大示意图；
图4为本发明平台的侧视结构示意图；
图5为本发明桩靴与桩腿的装配结构示意图；
图6为本发明冲桩系统、桩靴及桩腿的装配结构示意图；
图7为图6中B部分的局部放大示意图；
图8为本发明冲桩管道与橡胶套之间的装配结构示意图；
图9为本发明冲桩管道与橡胶套之间另一角度的装配结构示意图；
图10为本发明防护罩的结构示意图；
图11为本发明防护罩的剖面结构示意图；
图12为本发明壳体的剖面结构示意图；
图13为本发明开闭结构的爆炸结构示意图。
附图中：1-平台、11-凹槽、2-桩腿、3-桩靴、31-顶板、4-升降装置、51-冲桩泵、52-冲桩管道、521-开口、522-主管道、523-出水管道、53-防护罩、531-壳体、5311-进水口、53111-第一进水孔、53112-第二进水孔、5312-出水口、5313-第一空腔、5314-第二空腔、5315-第一限位台阶、5316-壳身、5317-前端盖、5318-后端盖、53181-第一定位柱、5319-第二限位台阶、532-开闭结构、5321-滑块、53211-滑杆、53212-隔板、5322-弹性阻尼回弹装置、53221-弹簧、53222-内筒、532221-第二定位柱、54-橡胶套、57-由壬接头、58-流量 测量装置、59-调速阀、6-锚泊定位系统、61-锚具、62-绞车、63-锚索、7-全回转推进器、8-吊机。
本发明目的的实现、功能特点及优点将结合实施例，参照附图做进一步说明。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
需要说明，若本发明实施例中有涉及方向性指示(诸如上、下、左、右、前、后……)，则该方向性指示仅用于解释在某一特定姿态(如附图所示)下各部件之间的相对位置关系、运动情况等，如果该特定姿态发生改变时，则该方向性指示也相应地随之改变。
另外，若本发明实施例中有涉及“第一”、“第二”等的描述，则该“第一”、“第二”等的描述仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示其相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。另外，各个实施例之间的技术方案可以相互结合，但是必须是以本领域普通技术人员能够实现为基础，当技术方案的结合出现相互矛盾或无法实现时应当认为这种技术方案的结合不存在，也不在本发明要求的保护范围之内。
如图1至图13所示，一种自升式勘探平台1，包括平台1、桩腿2、桩靴3、升降装置4和冲桩系统；所述桩腿2安装在所述平台1上，所述桩靴3设置在所述桩腿2的下端；所述升降装置4设置在所述平台1上，以控制所述桩腿2相对所述平台1升降；所述冲桩系统设置在所述桩腿2上，以冲散所述桩靴3和/或所述桩腿2上的覆盖物。
平台1用于为勘探作业人员和勘探设备等提供场所，桩腿2用于插入海底，以将平台1升离水面；升降装置4设置在平台1上，用于将桩腿2插入 至海底或将桩腿2从海底拔出；桩靴3用于控制桩腿2插入泥土中的深度，以及用于提高桩腿2和平台1的稳定性；冲桩系统用于冲散桩靴3上的覆盖物(如泥土等)，以方便桩腿2的升起。具体地，平台1主甲板下布置有多个舱体，其中包括压载舱、机舱和空舱；压载舱为放置压载水的船舱，用于调整平台1的重心位置、浮态和稳性；机舱用于放置平台1的各类控制设备等；空舱用于供工作人员使用，如放置生活用品、提供休息场所等；整个平台1结构强度大，保证了作业的安全性，满足了作业需求和工作人员的生活需求。平台1为长方体结构，在平台1的四个角处开设有用于供桩腿2穿过的通孔，故在平台1上设置有四根桩腿2；平台1上设置有四个升降装置4，每个升降装置4负责一条桩腿2的升降；当桩腿2需要插入海底时，每条桩腿2的下端均安装有桩靴3；每条桩腿2上均设置在冲桩系统，每个冲桩系统对应负责冲散相应桩腿2上的桩靴3的覆盖物。平台1的形状、结构和尺寸可根据勘探需求进行设置，而针对不同形状、不同机构以及不同尺寸的平台1，桩腿2的位置及数量可不同；桩腿2的数量可以是一个或多个。升降装置4的数量和位置随桩腿2的改变而改变，一般情况，每条桩腿2均设置一个升降装置4，达到每条桩腿2独立升降的效果；但是，可设置一个升降装置4同时控制多条桩腿2升降，或者是设置多个升降装置4负责同一桩腿2的升起或下降，在此不对升降装置4的数量做具体限定。另一方面，升降装置4可以为液压插销式升降装置4，即在平台1和桩腿2上开设对应的插销孔，桩腿2沿其轴线方向设置多个插销孔，将平台1和桩腿2上的插销孔对应，再插入销轴，使平台1和桩腿2固定，销轴插入在桩腿2的不同插销孔内则使桩腿2处于不同高度，桩腿2的升降依靠液压控制；除了液压插销式，还可以采用齿轮齿条传动、吊装等方式，在此不做具体限定。
平台1采用船体结构用钢，为全焊接钢制结构，采用单甲板纵骨架式；底部采用纵骨架式单层结构，每隔3～4个肋位设置强框架，纵向设置强桁材支撑强框架；平台1主甲板下布置8个压载舱和机舱，其余为空舱，结构强度大，保证了作业的安全性。平台1上设置有吊机8，吊机8用于吊装在海上作业过程中需要搬运的物体，包括所需使用的设备和海底作业收获的东西等。
当平台1处于较高海况时，通过升降装置4将桩腿2插入海底，使平台1升离水面，达到一定的气隙高度，平台1不受水流及潮汐变化的影响，能够 显著提高勘探作业效率；当桩腿2插入海底时，桩靴3抵于海底，提高桩腿2的稳定性。在桩腿2上设置冲桩系统可将桩靴3上附着的淤泥冲散，减少拔桩阻力，提高拔桩效率和设备安全性。因此自升式勘探平台1可适用于不同海况的勘探作业，操作简单，作业安全可靠，不受水流以及潮汐变化的影响，能够显著提高勘探工作质量、提高工作效率和提高安全保障。
进一步地，所述冲桩系统包括：
冲桩泵51；
冲桩管道52，其安装在所述桩腿2上、且输入端与所述冲桩泵51的输出端相互连通，所述冲桩管道52开设有开口521；
防护罩53，其包括壳体531和开闭结构532，所述壳体531开设有进水口5311和出水口5312，所述壳体531安装在所述开口521处、且所述进水口5311与所述开口521相互连通，所述开闭结构532可滑动地设置在所述壳体531内、且用于控制所述出水口5312和/或所述进水口5311的开闭。
冲桩泵51为一种高压水泵，用于往冲桩管道52内泵入水，冲桩泵51可直接往冲桩管道52内泵入海水；冲桩泵51具体可设置在桩腿2的顶部。冲桩管道52安装在桩腿2上，冲桩管道52的首端(即输入端)通过高压由壬接头57与冲桩泵51连接，冲桩管道52的开口521处(即输出端)安装有防护罩53；冲桩管道52可直接焊接固定在桩腿2的内部，靠近桩靴3的管道延伸至桩腿2外部，位于桩腿2外部的冲桩管道52开设有开口521，开口521朝向桩靴3，冲桩管道52内的水可通过开口521排出。冲桩管道52采用无缝钢管组成，从冲桩泵51端流出使用的是管径较大的无缝钢管，在末端连接防护罩53的管道采用管径较小的无缝钢管，通过调节管径来增大冲桩水的压力，提高淤泥冲洗效果；冲桩管道52通过焊接方式固定在桩腿2内部，保证整个结构的安全性。防护罩53包括壳体531和开闭结构532，壳体531可以为中空的圆柱体结构，在壳体531的侧壁开设有进水口5311和出水口5312，壳体531安装在冲桩管道52的开口521处，开口521与进水口5311相互连通；冲桩管道52内的水可通过开口521和进水口5311进入到壳体531内，然后再通过出水口5312向外喷出。在壳体531内设置有开闭结构532，开闭结构532可滑动地设置在壳体531内，开闭结构532在壳体531内滑动时，可远离或 靠近出水口5312和/或进水口5311；如，远离进水口5311时，可开启进水口5311，使冲桩管道52内部与壳体531内部相互连通；靠近进水口5311时可将进水口5311堵住，从而关闭进水口5311，冲桩管道52内部与壳体531内部不连通。在冲桩管道52的开口521处安装防护罩53，通过防护罩53内的开闭结构532实现进水口5311的开启或闭合，从而使冲桩管道52内的水可排出至防护罩53内或者堵住进水口5311，避免外部的水或者土体进入到冲桩管道52内、造成堵塞，从而影响后面的冲桩效果、造成拔桩困难，进而降低拔桩作业失效、甚至无法完成拔桩作业。防护罩53还能阻止泥沙进入冲桩管道52以及增大冲桩管到喷出的水的压强。防护罩53整体材料采用10CrMoAl，可以抵挡海水的腐蚀，提高了防护罩53的使用寿命，增强可靠性。
进一步地，所述开闭结构532包括滑块5321和弹性阻尼回弹装置5322，所述滑块5321包括滑杆53211和设置在所述滑杆53211上的隔板53212，所述隔板53212将所述壳体531内部分割为第一空腔5313和第二空腔5314；所述进水口5311包括第一进水孔53111和第二进水孔53112，所述第一进水孔53111和所述第二进水孔53112分别与所述第一空腔5313和所述第二空腔5314相互连通，所述出水口5312与所述第二空腔5314相互连通；所述弹性阻尼回弹装置5322位于所述第二空腔5314内、且控制所述出水口5312和/或所述第二进水孔53112的开闭。
开闭结构532包括滑块5321和弹性阻尼回弹装置5322，滑块5321包括滑杆53211和隔板53212，滑杆53211和隔板53212相互垂直，隔板53212外壁抵于壳体531的内壁，隔板53212的形状与壳体531内壁围设形成的截面形状一致；如壳体531为中空的圆柱体时，隔板53212为圆形板状；壳体531为中空的多边形柱体时，隔板53212为多边形板状。隔板53212将壳体531内部分割为第一空腔5313和第二空腔5314；第一进水孔53111和第二进水孔53112均与开口521相互连通，第一进水孔53111与第一空腔5313相互连通，第二进水孔53112与第二空腔5314相互连通。初始状态下，弹性阻尼回弹装置5322位于第二进水孔53112处，且堵住第二进水孔53112；通过冲桩泵51往冲桩管道52内泵入水，冲桩管道52内的水通过开口521和第一进水孔53111进入到第一空腔5313内；当第一空腔5313内灌入水时，水压会驱使隔板53212 往第二进水孔53112一侧移动；然后滑杆53211抵住弹性阻尼回弹装置5322，使弹性阻尼回弹装置5322远离第二进水孔53112，使第二进水孔53112与第二空腔5314相互连通；冲桩管道52内的水可通过开口521和第二进水孔53112进入到第二空腔5314内，第二空腔5314内的水再通过出水口5312向外喷出，喷出后的水将覆盖在桩靴3上的泥土和海底沉积物冲散，从而便于桩靴3从海底沉积物中拔起；当冲桩泵51不往冲桩管道52内泵入水时，第一空腔5313内的水压降低，滑杆53211作用在弹性阻尼回弹装置5322上的力大大减小，弹性阻尼回弹装置5322由于自身的回弹作用可恢复至初始位置，即弹性阻尼回弹装置5322回弹后再次堵住第二进水孔53112，避免冲桩泵51不再泵入水时泥土或沉积物进入到第二空腔5314内、堵塞第二进水孔53112和开口521。开闭结构532如此设置，可以通过冲桩泵51的开启或闭合来控制第二进水孔53112的开闭，无需单独控制开闭结构532；即需要拔桩时，冲桩泵51开启，第一空腔5313泵入水后则开启第二进水孔53112，使冲桩管道52内的水可通过出水口5312向外喷出；停止冲桩，第二进水孔53112又能自动关闭，避免泥土堵塞。
滑杆53211贯穿隔板53212、且滑杆53211靠近第一进水孔53111的一端突出隔板53212。滑杆53211贯穿隔板53212，即滑杆53211的两端分别向隔板53212的两个端面突出；在没有开启冲桩泵51时，靠近第一进水孔53111的一端抵于壳体531的内端面，靠近第二进水孔53112的一端抵于弹性阻尼回弹装置5322。滑块5321结构如此设置，可以保证在没有开启冲桩泵51时，隔板53212不会在弹性阻尼回弹装置5322的作用下紧贴壳体531内端面，从而避免了第一空腔5313的体积为零、隔板53212堵住第一进水孔53111；因此可确保开启冲桩泵51时，弹性阻尼回弹装置5322可开启第二进水孔53112，保证冲桩过程的正常进行。
进一步地，所述弹性阻尼回弹装置5322包括弹簧53221和内筒53222，所述内筒53222的外壁与所述壳体531的内壁相贴合，所述弹簧53221的两端分别抵于所述内筒53222的内顶面和所述壳体531的内端面，所述滑杆53211靠近所述第二进水孔53112的一端抵于所述内筒53222的外端面。
内筒53222为中空的圆柱体结构，且一端开口521，具体为靠近滑块5321 的一端为封闭端，远离滑块5321的一端为开口521端；内筒53222的形状与壳体531的形状一致，如壳体531为中空的圆柱体，内筒53222同样为圆柱体，内筒53222的外径等于或略大于壳体531的内径，使内筒53222的外壁可紧贴壳体531的内壁；弹簧53221的两端分别抵于内筒53222的内顶面和壳体531的内端面，弹簧53221伸展时，推动内筒53222往第一进水孔53111所在一侧移动；第一空腔5313灌入水时，滑块5321推动内筒53222往第二进水孔53112所在一侧移动，进而压缩弹簧53221。弹性阻尼回弹装置5322结构简单，利用弹簧53221自身的弹力即可实现内筒53222的移动，且内筒53222的外壁紧贴壳体531的内壁，使内筒53222在位于第二进水孔53112处时能完全堵住第二进水孔53112，避免淤泥或沉积物进入到冲桩管道52中。
更优地，在冲桩泵51不往第一空腔5313泵入水时，弹性阻尼回弹装置5322可同时堵住出水口5312和第二进水孔53112，或者是弹性阻尼回弹装置5322仅堵住第二进水孔53112；通过设置第二进水口5311和出水口5312的位置以及内筒53222的长度，可在冲桩泵51不往第一空腔5313泵入水时，内筒53222可同时堵住出水口5312和第二进水孔53112，有效避免淤泥或海底沉积物通过出水口5312进入到第二空腔5314内，从而更进一步地避免冲桩管道52、第二进水口5311、出水口5312被堵塞。
进一步地，所述壳体531包括壳身5316和分别安装在所述壳身5316两端的前端盖5317和后端盖5318；所述后端盖5318的内端面设置有第一定位柱53181，所述内筒53222的内端面设置有与所述第一定位柱53181相对应的第二定位柱532221，所述弹簧53221套设在所述第一定位柱53181和所述第二定位柱532221上。
壳身5316为中空且两端开口521的筒体，前端盖5317和后端盖5318可拆卸地安装在壳身5316的两端，如此设置，便于将滑块5321和弹性阻尼回弹装置5322设置在壳体531内；且方便拆卸、更换、清洗、排出壳体531内可能堆积的物质。滑块5321位于靠近前端盖5317的一侧，弹性阻尼回弹装置5322位于靠近后端盖5318的一侧，后端盖5318的内端面设置有向壳体531内部延伸的第一定位柱53181，弹簧53221套设在第一定位上；当弹簧53221处于伸展状态时，弹簧53221的长度远大于第一定位柱53181的长度，时弹 簧53221能正常被压缩，避免第一定位柱53181干涉挤压弹簧53221的内筒53222。内筒53222的内端面设有第二定位柱532221，弹簧53221的两端分别套设在第一定位柱53181和第二定位柱532221上，第一定位柱53181的长度加上第二定位柱532221的长度小于弹簧53221伸展时的长度，以此保证弹簧53221能正常被压缩。当然，在特殊情况下，如第一定位柱53181和第二定位柱532221中的一个为中空，另一个可嵌设在中空区域内，使第一定位柱53181和第二定位柱532221并不影响弹簧53221的压缩。设置第一定位柱53181和第二定位柱532221，可用于定位弹簧53221、限制弹簧53221，防止弹簧53221在压缩和伸展过程中偏离失效，甚至造成变形。
进一步地，所述壳体531的内壁在所述第一进水孔53111和所述第二进水孔53112之间设置有用于限制所述内筒53222的第一限位台阶5315；所述壳体531的内壁在所述第一进水孔53111和所述第二进水孔53112之间设置有用于限制所述隔板53212的第二限位台阶5319。
在往第一空腔5313泵入水时或弹簧53221由于自身弹力回弹时，内筒53222可在壳体531内滑动；第一限位台阶5315用于限制内筒53222的移动，避免内筒53222在弹簧53221的作用下过于往第一进水孔53111一侧移动，造成内筒53222无法堵住第二进水孔53112和出水口5312，从而造成从第二进水孔53112进入的水灌入到内筒53222内部，影响弹簧53221的回弹，甚至腐蚀、损坏弹簧53221。具体地，当然，可通过选用自身弹力合适的弹簧53221来避免内筒53222过于往第一进水孔53111一侧移动，或者设置滑杆53211的长度来限制内筒53222过于往第一进水孔53111一侧移动，但是这两种方式实施起来较为麻烦；因此，根据第二进水孔53112、出水口5312的位置，以及内筒53222的长度，直接在第一进水孔53111和第二进水孔53112之间设置第一限位台阶5315，通过第一限位台阶5315来限制内筒53222的移动，实施起来较为方便，且更能保证内筒53222的移动距离；具体地，第一限位台阶5315与第二进水孔53112之间的距离应小于或等于内筒53222的长度，使得内筒53222的端面抵于第一限位台阶5315时，内筒53222依旧能堵住第二进水孔53112。
隔板53212用于分割壳体531内部空腔，滑块5321用于移动弹性阻尼回 弹装置5322，以开启第二进水孔53112；在往第一空腔5313泵入水时或弹簧53221由于自身弹力回弹时，隔板53212可在壳体531内滑动；第二限位台阶5319用于限制隔板53212的移动，第二限位台阶5319限制住隔板53212后，冲桩管道52内的水便只能往第二进水孔53112中进入第二空腔5314，再通过出水口5312喷出；因此水流更加汇集，喷射的速度更大，冲走淤泥或海底沉积物的效果更好。当然，通过设置滑块5321的长度、弹性阻尼回弹装置5322的长度可实现上述效果，但实施难度较高；通过设置第二限位台阶5319能控制第一空腔5313的最大体积，同时能确保滑块5321驱动弹性阻尼回弹装置5322开启出水口5312和/或第二进水孔53112。
进一步地，所述冲桩管道52包括主管道522和多条与所述主管道522相连通的出水管道523，每条所述出水管道523均开设有所述开口521，每个所述开口521处均安装有所述防护罩53。
如前面所述，冲桩泵51一般设置在桩腿2的顶部，而桩靴3设置在桩腿2的下端，由于桩腿2的长度较长，因此从冲桩泵51输出的水需经过较长的距离才从开口521处喷出。将冲桩管道52分为主管道522和多条出水管道523，主管道522的一端通过高压由壬接头57与冲桩泵51连接，另一端连通多条出水管道523；主管道522位于桩腿2内部，出水管道523位于桩腿2外部，且开设有开口521的出水管道523靠近桩腿2下端，每个开口521均安装有防护罩53。冲桩管道52细化为主管道522和出水管道523，可减少冲桩管道52外露在桩腿2外部；还方便将主管道522的管径设计得大一些，满足对多条出水管道523供水的需求。
进一步地，每条所述出水管道523上均设置有流量测量装置58和调速阀59；所述流量测量装置58与冲桩控制系统数据连接，所述冲桩控制系统用于接收所述流量测量装置58的数据并控制所述调速阀59。
流量测量装置58用于检测出水管道523的水流量，调速阀59用于调节出水管道523的水流速度和水压，流量测量装置58可以为流量监测仪或流量计。每条出水管道523均设有流量测量装置58和调速阀59，所有流量测量装置58和所有调速阀59均与冲桩控制系统(图中未示出)数据连接，冲桩控 制系统实时接收每条出水管道523的出水量，当某一出水管道523流量大于或小于设定正常范围值时，冲桩控制系统通过控制该条出水管道523上的调速阀59来降低或提高该条出水管道523的流量；避免冲桩、拔桩过程中发生的偏载，确保施工的安全性。
进一步地，所述出水管道523盘绕在上桩腿2的外壁，所述桩靴3与所述桩腿2连接处的上方和下方各至少设置有一条所述出水管道523，所述出水管道523绕所述桩腿2的中心均匀开设有多个所述开口521。
出水管道523为环形管道，且盘绕在桩腿2的外壁；桩靴3的一端与桩腿2连接，另一端向外延伸；当设有多条出水管道523时，桩腿2与桩靴3连接处的上方至少设有一条出管道，连接处的下方也至少设有一条出水管道523。如此设置可以使位于连接处下方的出水管道523喷出的水流冲散堆积在桩腿2周围的淤泥，位于连接处上方的出水管道523喷出的水流冲散堆积在桩腿2及桩靴3上的淤泥，从而大大减少拔桩阻力，提高拔桩效率。另一方面，每条出水管道523上均开设有多个开口521，每个开口521上均安装有防护罩53，因此同一条出水管道523可向不同的方向喷出水流；多个开口521均匀开设在出水管道523上，由于出水管道523盘绕在桩腿2上，因此多个开口521绕桩腿2的中心均匀设置。均匀设置多个开口521，同样可以减少拔桩阻力，均匀冲散覆盖在桩靴3、桩腿2上的淤泥，提高冲散淤泥的效率，从而提高拔桩效率。
进一步地，所述桩靴3可拆卸地安装在所述桩腿2上，所述平台1在靠近所述桩腿2处设有凹槽11；当所述桩腿2未插入海底时，所述桩靴3藏匿于所述凹槽11内。
当平台1处于较高海况时，需将平台1升离水面，此时则需将桩腿2插入海底；但是当平台1处于较好海况条件时，一般采用浮态作业，即直接将平台1置于海面上，使平台1漂浮在海面上，此时桩腿2不插入海底；此时，可将桩靴3从桩腿2上拆下，并将桩靴3放置在凹槽11内，或者将桩靴3安装在桩腿2上、且使桩腿2固定时桩靴3位于凹槽11内。设置凹槽11，可提供放置、藏匿桩靴3的位置。
进一步地，所述桩靴3包括至少一块顶板31，所述顶板31的上端与所述桩腿2可拆卸连接，且所述顶板31向外倾斜。
具体地，桩靴3由四块顶板31组成，顶板31的上端通过螺栓可拆卸地安装在桩腿2上，每个顶板31属于同一水平高度；俯视时，桩靴3为中空的多边形，中间空出部分为正方形，用于容纳桩腿2。顶板31自上而下往外逐渐倾斜，即上端与桩腿2连接、下端远离桩腿2；具体是顶板31与桩腿2在同一平面时结构上有60度夹角，方便拔桩时覆盖在顶板31上的淤泥脱离；顶板31结构设置肋板，加强整体结构强度，保证桩腿2的可靠性和安全性。桩靴3的底部不设置板件，当桩腿2插入到海底时，海底的泥沙更接近顶板31围设形成的中空部分，有利于拔桩时减少阻力；控制桩腿2的入泥深度，提高平台1整体的适应性。
进一步地，所述平台1上设置有锚泊定位系统6，所述锚泊定位系统6包括锚具61、绞车62和锚索63，所述绞车62安装在所述平台1的锚泊定位点上，所述绞车62上的锚索63通过导缆器连接所述锚具61。
锚具61用于抛入海底，使平台1平稳地漂浮在海面上；绞车62用于收起或放开锚具61；锚索63用于连接锚具61和绞车62。当平台1处于较好海况条件时，一般采用浮态作业，通过锚泊定位系统6使平台1定位停泊。锚泊定位点为四个，且分别分布在平台1的四角处，每个锚泊定位点处均设置有一个绞车62，绞车62上设有锚索63，锚索63通过导缆器与锚具61连接。通过锚泊定位系统6实现平台1在小范围内移动，并在到达定位点后通过收紧锚索63实现平台1的定位停泊，具有定位效果精准效果，保证勘探质量等效果。
进一步地，所述平台1相对的两侧均安装有全回转推进器7。
全回转推进器7是具有推进和操纵平台1两种功能的推进器，能随位置的变化任意改变推力的方向，使平台1原地掉头，进退自如；当平台1漂浮在海面上时，还可调整平台1位置，辅助实现平台1在小范围内的移动。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是在本发明的发明构思下，利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构变换，或直接/间接运用在其他相关的技术领域均包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种自升式勘探平台，其特征在于，包括平台(1)、桩腿(2)、桩靴(3)、升降装置(4)和冲桩系统；所述桩腿(2)安装在所述平台(1)上，所述桩靴(3)设置在所述桩腿(2)的下端；所述升降装置(4)设置在所述平台(1)上，以控制所述桩腿(2)相对所述平台(1)升降；所述冲桩系统设置在所述桩腿(2)上，以冲散所述桩靴(3)和/或所述桩腿(2)上的覆盖物。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种自升式勘探平台，其特征在于，所述冲桩系统包括：
    冲桩泵(51)；
    冲桩管道(52)，其安装在所述桩腿(2)上、且输入端与所述冲桩泵(51)的输出端相互连通，所述冲桩管道(52)开设有开口(521)；
    防护罩(53)，其包括壳体(531)和开闭结构(532)，所述壳体(531)开设有进水口(5311)和出水口(5312)，所述壳体(531)安装在所述开口(521)处、且所述进水口(5311)与所述开口(521)相互连通，所述开闭结构(532)可滑动地设置在所述壳体(531)内、用于控制所述出水口(5312)和/或所述进水口(5311)的开闭。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种自升式勘探平台，其特征在于，所述开闭结构(532)包括滑块(5321)和弹性阻尼回弹装置(5322)，所述滑块(5321)包括滑杆(53211)和设置在所述滑杆(53211)上的隔板(53212)，所述隔板(53212)将所述壳体(531)的内部分割为第一空腔(5313)和第二空腔(5314)；所述进水口(5311)包括第一进水孔(53111)和第二进水孔(53112)，所述第一进水孔(53111)和所述第二进水孔(53112)分别与所述第一空腔(5313)和所述第二空腔(5314)相互连通，所述出水口(5312)与所述第二空腔(5314)相互连通；所述弹性阻尼回弹装置(5322)位于所述第二空腔(5314)内、且控制所述出水口(5312)和/或所述第二进水孔(53112)的开闭。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种自升式勘探平台，其特征在于，所述弹性阻尼回弹装置(5322)包括弹簧(53221)和内筒(53222)，所述内筒(53222)的外壁与所述壳体(531)的内壁相贴合，所述弹簧(53221)的两端分别抵于所述内筒(53222)的内顶面和所述壳体(531)的内端面，所述滑杆(53211)靠近所述第二进水孔(53112)的一端抵于所述内筒(53222)的外端面。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种自升式勘探平台，其特征在于，所述壳体(531)包括壳身(5316)和分别安装在所述壳身(5316)两端的前端盖(5317)和后端盖(5318)；所述后端盖(5318)的内端面设置有第一定位柱(53181)，所述内筒(53222)的内端面设置有与所述第一定位柱(53181)相对应的第二定位柱(532221)，所述弹簧(53221)套设在所述第一定位柱(53181)和所述第二定位柱(532221)上。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的一种自升式勘探平台，其特征在于，所述壳体(531)的内壁在所述第一进水孔(53111)和所述第二进水孔(53112)之间设置有用于限制所述内筒(53222)的第一限位台阶(5315)；所述壳体(531)的内壁在所述第一进水孔(53111)和所述第二进水孔(53112)之间设置有用于限制所述隔板(53212)的第二限位台阶(5319)。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的一种自升式勘探平台，其特征在于，所述冲桩管道(52)包括主管道(522)和多条与所述主管道(522)相连通的出水管道(523)，每条所述出水管道(523)均开设有所述开口(521)，每个所述开口(521)处均安装有所述防护罩(53)。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的一种自升式勘探平台，其特征在于，每条所述出水管道(523)上均设置有流量测量装置(58)和调速阀(59)；所述流量测量装置(58)与冲桩控制系统数据连接，所述冲桩控制系统用于接收所述流量测量装置(58)的数据并控制所述调速阀(59)。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的一种自升式勘探平台，其特征在于，所述出水管道(523)盘绕在上桩腿(2)的外壁，所述桩靴(3)与所述桩腿(2)连接处的上方和下方各至少设置有一条所述出水管道(523)，所述出水管道(523)绕所述桩腿(2)的中心均匀开设有多个所述开口(521)。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的一种自升式勘探平台，其特征在于，所述桩靴(3)可拆卸地安装在所述桩腿(2)上，所述平台(1)在靠近所述桩腿(2)处设有凹槽(11)；当所述桩腿(2)未插入海底时，所述桩靴(3)藏匿于所述凹槽(11)内。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的一种自升式勘探平台，其特征在于，所述桩靴(3)包括至少一块顶板(31)，所述顶板(31)的上端与所述桩腿(2)可拆卸连接，且所述顶板(31)向外倾斜。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的一种自升式勘探平台，其特征在于，所述平台(1)上设置有锚泊定位系统(6)，所述锚泊定位系统(6)包括锚具(61)、绞车(62)和锚索(63)，所述绞车(62)安装在所述平台(1)的锚泊定位点上，所述绞车(62)上的锚索(63)通过导缆器连接所述锚具(61)。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的一种自升式勘探平台，其特征在于，所述平台(1)相对的两侧均安装有全回转推进器(7)。
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