WO2022259897A1 - 蓄電システム - Google Patents
蓄電システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022259897A1 WO2022259897A1 PCT/JP2022/021964 JP2022021964W WO2022259897A1 WO 2022259897 A1 WO2022259897 A1 WO 2022259897A1 JP 2022021964 W JP2022021964 W JP 2022021964W WO 2022259897 A1 WO2022259897 A1 WO 2022259897A1
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- storage battery
- power
- storage
- battery
- storage system
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- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 505
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical group [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 41
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/06—Lead-acid accumulators
- H01M10/08—Selection of materials as electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/06—Lead-acid accumulators
- H01M10/18—Lead-acid accumulators with bipolar electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
- H01M50/509—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing characterised by the type of connection, e.g. mixed connections
- H01M50/512—Connection only in parallel
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
- H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/10—Batteries in stationary systems, e.g. emergency power source in plant
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a hybrid power storage system comprising a plurality of battery units of different designs.
- US Pat. As a battery backup system (energy storage system) for power storage in a power grid containing a power source and a load, US Pat. a second rechargeable battery unit having a second battery chemistry different from the power supply; a controller for selectively coupling the first and second battery units to a power grid; a mains voltage sensor for detecting, the controller including logic configured to switch the controller between charging and discharging the battery system based on an operating voltage in a charging range or a discharging range.
- a storage system of the type is disclosed.
- the power source is a renewable power source such as wind power generation or solar panel power generation, or a wide area AC grid supplied by a power plant or a large-scale renewable energy source.
- a stationary hybrid battery backup system comprising a first battery unit with high charge-discharge efficiency and a second battery unit with lower charge-discharge efficiency than the first battery unit enables the expected frequency and Efficiency can be maximized for outages of duration.
- Wind power generation disclosed as a renewable power source has the characteristic that the power generated fluctuates in a short period due to fluctuations in wind power, and solar panel power generation generates power during the day when the sun is out and not at night. It has the characteristic that the supplied power fluctuates in a longer cycle than wind power generation.
- users with energy storage systems may not be able to obtain electricity during midnight hours, provided that late-night electricity rates are low, such as in wide-area AC grids where power is supplied by power plants or large-scale renewable energy sources. Since power consumption is also low, it is recommended to store power during the late-night hours and discharge the stored power during the daytime hours when electricity prices are high to the load side, thereby refraining from purchasing power during the high-price hours. sometimes.
- Patent Document 1 a lithium-ion battery is mentioned as a first battery unit having high charge-discharge efficiency.
- bipolar lead-acid batteries As a low-cost battery with high charge-discharge efficiency. It is
- the power storage system is required to efficiently charge power from wind power generation, whose power fluctuates in a short period, and solar panel power generation, whose power fluctuates in a long period.
- it can be used for a long charge-discharge cycle that repeats charging and discharging for several hours in a day cycle, such as charging the power during the late night hours and supplying the power stored during the late night hours to the load during the daytime hours. It is necessary to charge and discharge efficiently.
- the power storage system is required to be low cost.
- the hybrid power storage system disclosed in Patent Literature 1 can efficiently charge electric power that fluctuates in a short period, such as wind power generation, and electric power that fluctuates in a long period, such as solar panel power generation. Not sure if it can be done.
- the lithium ion battery as the first battery unit exemplified in Patent Document 1 has high charge/discharge efficiency but is expensive.
- bipolar lead-acid batteries are low cost and have high charge-discharge efficiency, but they are inferior to lithium-ion batteries in terms of high output characteristics. It has a problem of poor charging efficiency.
- the present invention is low cost, and when a power source whose power fluctuates in a short period, such as wind power generation, and a power source whose power fluctuates in a long period, such as solar panel power generation, are connected. It is possible to efficiently charge a power source with a fluctuating supply power cycle, or to efficiently charge a long charge-discharge cycle in which charging and discharging for several hours are repeated in a cycle of one day. An electric storage system that can be discharged is provided.
- One aspect of the present invention is a power storage system that is connected to a power source with a fluctuating cycle of power supply, and has an internal resistance lower than that of the first storage battery at the same voltage and same capacity Wh as the first storage battery. and a second storage battery, wherein the first storage battery and the second storage battery are electrically connected in parallel.
- the present invention has the internal resistance of the second storage battery set to be smaller than the internal resistance of the first storage battery.
- the first storage battery can handle the power supply that fluctuates in a long period
- the second storage battery can handle the power supply that fluctuates in a short period that the first storage battery cannot.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a power grid system including a power storage system according to a first embodiment;
- FIG. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing output characteristics of a power supply;
- 1 is a block diagram of a power storage system according to a first embodiment;
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a bipolar storage battery used in the power storage system according to the first embodiment;
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a lead-acid battery used in a power storage system according to a first embodiment;
- FIG. It is a figure which shows operation
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the mechanism of the power storage system according to this embodiment; It is a block diagram of a power storage system according to a second embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing the mechanism of the power storage system according to the third embodiment
- FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing the mechanism of the power storage system according to the third embodiment
- It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the whole storage battery system which concerns on 4th Embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing the internal configuration of a storage battery according to a fourth embodiment;
- FIG. 1 is a system configuration diagram of a power grid system 30 including a power storage system 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the power storage system 1 is connected to a power source whose supply power cycle varies. Specifically, for example, it is installed in general housing, collective housing, factories, etc., stores power generated using renewable energy such as solar power or wind power, and nighttime power from commercial power sources, and uses the stored power.
- the power storage system 1 can store the generated power and output it as needed.
- the power system 30 includes a system power supply 31 (commercial power supply) supplied from a commercial distribution line network, a transformer facility 32 that converts the power from the system power supply 31, and the system power supply 31.
- Distributed power supply 33 that is a separately provided power supply and uses renewable energy
- load 34 that receives power supply from system power supply 31 or distributed power supply 33
- power from system power supply 31 or distributed power supply 33 A power storage system 1 that stores power and supplies power to a load 34 is provided.
- the distributed power source 33 includes a wind power generator 40 that converts wind power into electric energy as the first power generator of the present invention, and a solar panel power generator 41 that converts sunlight into electric energy as the second power generator. be done.
- FIG. 2 shows the output characteristics of the distributed power supply 33. As shown in FIG. In FIG. 2, the wavy line that fluctuates within the range included in the two upper and lower dashed lines indicates the output characteristics in the case of wind power generation 40, and the wavy line indicated by the two upper and lower dashed lines indicates the output characteristics in the case of solar panel power generation 41. , and the output characteristics of both are shown together. Since the wind power generation 40 converts wind power into electrical energy, it has the characteristic that the generated power fluctuates in a short period due to fluctuations in the wind power. Since the solar panel power generation 41 generates power during the day when the sun is out and does not generate power at night, it has the characteristic that the generated power fluctuates in a longer cycle than the wind power generation 40 .
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the power storage system 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the power storage system 1 includes a battery monitoring unit (BMU) 2, a host system (EMS) 3, an AC/DC converter (PCS) 4, an assembled battery sensor 5, a storage battery unit 6, and a plurality of temperature sensor 7.
- the assembled battery sensor 5 includes a current sensor 8 and a voltage sensor 9 .
- the storage battery unit 6 includes a first storage battery group 20 and a second storage battery group 22, and the first storage battery group 20 and the second storage battery group 22 are electrically connected in parallel to the PCS4.
- the first storage battery group 20 has a plurality of first storage batteries 21 .
- the first storage battery group 20 has four first storage batteries 21 connected in series connected in parallel.
- the second storage battery group 22 has a plurality of second storage batteries 23 .
- the second storage battery group 22 has four second storage batteries 23 connected in series.
- the internal resistance of the second storage battery 23 is R2 and the internal resistance of the first storage battery 21 is R1
- the internal resistance R2 of the second storage battery 23 is equal to that of the first storage battery 21 is set smaller than the internal resistance R1. Therefore, the second storage battery 23 has higher output characteristics than the first storage battery 21 (has high output characteristics).
- the first storage battery 21 is a bipolar lead-acid battery
- the second storage battery 23 is a general lead-acid battery described later.
- the first storage battery group 20 has four first storage batteries 21 connected in series, and two first storage batteries 21 are connected in parallel
- the second storage battery group 22 has four second storage batteries 23 connected in series.
- the number of the first storage batteries 21 in one storage battery group 20 and the number of the second storage batteries 23 in the second storage battery group 22 are not limited to these, and for example, one first storage battery 21 and one second storage battery 23 may be connected in parallel.
- a storage battery monitoring unit (BMU) 2 monitors the state of each first storage battery 21 and each second storage battery 23 of the storage battery unit 6 based on the measurement information from the current sensor 8 , voltage sensor 9 and a plurality of temperature sensors 7 . function and a charge/discharge control function for controlling charge/discharge of the storage battery unit 6 .
- the BMU 2 can be set to peak-cut/peak-shift.
- the BMU 2 has a function of requesting the EMS 3 to stop using power from the system power supply 31 during a predetermined time period during the day (peak cut) and to store power from the system power supply 31 during a predetermined time period at night. ing.
- the PCS 4 includes an inverter, is electrically connected between the power source side of the system power source 31 and the distributed power source 33, the load side of the load 34, and the storage side of the storage battery unit 6, and controls the transfer of electric power. This is the power converter.
- the PCS 4 is controlled by the EMS 3 and charges and discharges the storage battery unit 6 .
- the PCS 4 converts DC power into AC power of a predetermined frequency, and transfers the power from the power supply side of the system power supply 31 and distributed power supply 33 to the storage battery unit. 6, AC power is converted to DC power.
- the EMS 3 drives the PCS 4 in response to a request from the BMU 2 to control charging and discharging of the storage battery unit 6.
- the PCS 4 is instructed to discharge the storage battery unit 6 .
- the EMS 3 instructs the PCS 4 to charge the storage battery unit 6. That is, the EMS 3 superimposes the charging/discharging request from the BMU 2 and the charging/discharging for balancing the power consumption and the generated power, and gives the final charging/discharging instruction to the PCS 4 .
- the assembled battery sensor 5 is a sensor that measures the charge/discharge current and total voltage of the storage battery unit 6 .
- a plurality of temperature sensors 7 are installed in each of the plurality of first storage batteries 21 and each of the second storage batteries 23 to measure the temperature of each of the first storage batteries 21 and each of the second storage batteries 23 .
- the temperature sensor 7 is not limited to this example. The ambient temperature around the first storage battery 21 and the second storage battery 23 may be measured.
- the first storage battery 21 includes a first plate unit in which a negative electrode 110 is fixed to a flat plate-shaped first plate (end plate) 11, and a second plate unit in which an electrolytic layer 105 is fixed inside a frame plate-shaped second plate (spacer) 12.
- a 2-plate unit and a bipolar plate 111 having a positive electrode 120 provided on one surface and a negative electrode 110 provided on the other surface of the bipolar plate 111 are fixed inside a frame plate-shaped third plate (rim) 13 . It has a 3-plate unit and a fourth plate unit in which the positive electrode 120 is fixed to a flat fourth plate (end plate) 14 .
- the first storage battery 21 having, for example, a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape is configured.
- the numbers of the stacked second plate units and third plate units are set so that the storage battery voltage of the first storage battery 21 becomes a desired value.
- a negative electrode terminal 107 is fixed to the first plate 11, and the negative electrode 110 fixed to the first plate 11 and the negative electrode terminal 107 are electrically connected.
- a positive electrode terminal 108 is fixed to the fourth plate 14 , and a positive electrode 120 fixed to the fourth plate 14 and the positive electrode terminal 108 are electrically connected.
- the first plate 11 to fourth plate 14 are made of, for example, known molding resin. These first plate 11 to fourth plate 14 are fixed to each other by a suitable method so that the inside thereof is sealed so that the electrolytic solution does not flow out.
- the electrolytic layer 105 is composed of, for example, a glass fiber mat impregnated with an electrolytic solution containing sulfuric acid.
- the positive electrode 120 is made of lead or a lead alloy and is arranged on one side of the bipolar plate 111.
- the positive electrode metal foil 101 (hereinafter referred to as "positive electrode and a positive electrode active material layer 103 disposed on the positive electrode lead foil 101 .
- the positive electrode lead foil 101 is adhered to one surface of the bipolar plate 111 by an adhesive (not shown in FIG. 4) provided between one surface of the bipolar plate 111 and the positive electrode lead foil 101. . Accordingly, on one surface of the bipolar plate 111, the adhesive, the positive electrode lead foil 101, and the positive electrode active material layer 103 are laminated in this order.
- the lead foil is attached with an adhesive, but it may be attached with plating.
- the negative electrode 110 is made of lead or a lead alloy and includes a negative electrode metal foil 102 arranged on the other surface of the bipolar plate 111, a negative electrode active material layer 104 arranged on the negative electrode lead foil 102, It has The negative electrode lead foil 102 is adhered to the other surface of the bipolar plate 111 with an adhesive provided between the other surface of the bipolar plate 111 and the negative electrode lead foil 102 .
- the positive electrode 120 and the negative electrode 110 are electrically connected by an appropriate method such as via communication holes provided in the bipolar plate 111, for example.
- the bipolar plate 111, the positive electrode lead foil 101, the positive electrode active material layer 103, the negative electrode lead foil 102, and the negative electrode A bipolar electrode 130 is configured by the active material layer 104 .
- a bipolar electrode is a single electrode that functions as both a positive electrode and a negative electrode.
- a plurality of cell members each having an electrolytic layer 105 interposed between the positive electrode 120 and the negative electrode 110 are alternately laminated and assembled so that the cell members are connected in series.
- first battery 21 which is a bipolar lead-acid battery
- the parts that do not contribute to the electrochemical reaction are shaved off to the utmost limit, so the amount of energy generated is significantly higher than that of a general lead-acid battery in which electrolyte exists on both sides of the electrode plates. Since the energy density can be improved, the cost is lower than that of general lead-acid batteries, and the size can be reduced. Its output characteristics are inferior to those of ordinary lead-acid batteries. Therefore, it has a characteristic that it is not efficient for charging electric power that fluctuates in a short period, such as wind power generation 40 .
- the ratio of the sum of the volume of the electrolytic layer 105, the volume of the positive electrode active material layer 103, and the volume of the negative electrode active material layer 104 to the total volume of the first storage battery 21 alone may be configured to be 50% or more. Thereby, a sufficient energy density improvement can be realized.
- the second storage battery 23 which is a general lead-acid battery in which electrolyte exists on both sides of the electrode plates, will be described.
- the second storage battery 23 includes an electrode plate group 53 in which a plurality of positive electrode plates 50 and negative electrode plates 51 are alternately stacked with separators 52 interposed therebetween.
- the electrode plate group 53 is accommodated in the battery container 55 together with the electrolytic solution 54 so that the stacking direction of the electrode plate group 53 is in the horizontal direction (that is, the plate surfaces of the positive electrode plate 50 and the negative electrode plate 51 are in the vertical direction). , is immersed in the electrolytic solution 54 in the container 55 . Therefore, the electrolytic solution 54 exists on both surfaces of the positive electrode plate 50 and the negative electrode plate 51 with the separator 52 interposed therebetween.
- the positive electrode plate 50 is formed by, for example, filling the openings of a plate-like lattice made of a lead alloy with a positive electrode active material containing lead dioxide, and adding lead dioxide to both plate surfaces of the plate-like lattice made of a lead alloy. An active material layer made of the contained positive electrode active material is formed.
- the negative plate 51 is formed by, for example, filling the openings of a plate-shaped lattice made of a lead alloy with a negative electrode active material containing metallic lead, and adding metallic lead to both plate surfaces of the plate-shaped lattice made of a lead alloy. An active material layer made of the contained negative electrode active material is formed.
- the plate-like grid bodies which are substrates of the positive electrode plate 50 and the negative electrode plate 51, can be manufactured by a casting method, a punching method, or an expanding method.
- the separator 52 is, for example, a porous film-like body made of resin, glass, or the like.
- the planar shapes of the positive electrode plate 50, the negative electrode plate 51, and the separator 52 can be rectangular, for example.
- a current collector protruding upward (upward in FIG. 1) of the positive electrode plate 50 is provided.
- An ear 56 is formed, and a collector ear 57 is formed on the upper edge of the negative electrode plate 51 so as to protrude upward (upward in FIG. 1) of the negative electrode plate 51 .
- the collector tabs 56 of each positive plate 10 are connected by a positive strap 58
- the collector tabs 57 of each negative plate 51 are connected by a negative strap 59 .
- the positive strap 58 is connected to one end of the positive terminal 60
- the negative strap 59 is connected to one end of the negative terminal 61
- the other ends of the positive terminal 60 and the negative terminal 61 are connected to the opening of the battery case 55 . It is exposed to the outside of the case body of the lead-acid battery comprising the container 55 and the lid 62 through the lid 62 that closes the part.
- the second storage battery 23 described above has the electrolyte 54 on both sides of the positive electrode plate 50 and both sides of the negative electrode plate 51, it is a bipolar battery in which the electrolyte (electrolyte layer 105) exists only on one side of each of the positive electrode 120 and the negative electrode 110.
- the first storage battery 21, which is a lead-acid battery the high-output characteristics are excellent. Therefore, the charging efficiency is superior to that of the first storage battery 21, which is a bipolar lead-acid battery, for charging power that fluctuates in a short period, such as the wind power generation 40.
- the energy density is inferior to that of the bipolar lead-acid battery, it has the characteristic of being inferior to the first storage battery 21, which is a bipolar lead-acid battery, in terms of cost and miniaturization.
- the vertical axis indicates the current value
- the middle of the vertical axis indicates the current value of 0
- the upper side of 0 indicates the case where the storage battery unit 6 is charged
- the lower side of 0 indicates the case where the storage battery unit 6 is discharged.
- the horizontal axis indicates the time axis.
- the triangular waveform A indicates power that fluctuates in a short period
- the square waveform B indicates power that has a longer period than the triangular waveform A, and fluctuates in a long period. Indicates power.
- the rectangular waveform B is indicated by a constant current, but it does not necessarily have to be a constant current.
- the feature of this embodiment is that the first storage battery group 20 is composed of the first storage battery 21 whose internal resistance is set to be higher than that of the second storage battery 23, and the second storage battery group 20 is configured by the first storage battery 21 whose internal resistance is set to be lower than that of the first storage battery 21.
- the second storage battery group 22 configured by the storage battery 23 is electrically connected in parallel. Therefore, without providing a special control device, the power from the wind power generation 40 whose power supply fluctuates in a short period is charged in the second storage battery group 22, and the solar panel power generation 41 whose power supply fluctuates in a long period. The power from is charged to the first storage battery group 20 . Therefore, it is possible to efficiently charge the battery with electric power from a low-cost power source whose cycle of power supply fluctuates.
- the operation is as follows.
- the rectangle shown on the discharging side (below the current value of 0) indicates a discharging state from the system power supply (commercial power supply) 31 during the daytime and a state in which the peak is cut.
- a rectangle shown on the side (above the current value of 0) indicates a state in which electric power from the system power supply (commercial power supply) 31 is charged during the night time zone for peak shift.
- the power from the system power supply 31 may be insufficient for the load 34 in a short period of time due to the peak cut.
- the power storage system 1 since the power storage system 1 includes the second storage battery group 22 configured by the second storage battery 23 having a small internal resistance, the second storage battery group 22 can be accommodated.
- the first storage battery 21 having a large internal resistance can be used for charging.
- the second storage battery 23 with a low internal resistance is used. can be charged to
- the operating mechanism of the power storage system 1 will be described with reference to FIG. 7 .
- the first storage battery group 20 is described as four first storage batteries 21 connected in series.
- D indicates the electromotive force of the first storage battery group 20 and the second storage battery group 22, expressed as a stable voltage.
- ⁇ V indicates a fluctuating voltage
- C indicates a dynamic voltage during charging and discharging, which is the sum of the stable voltage D and the fluctuating voltage ⁇ V.
- the internal resistance R2 of the second storage battery 23 is set to be smaller than the internal resistance R1 of the first storage battery 21, so I1 ⁇ I2 . Therefore, the second storage battery 23 can pass a larger current than the first storage battery 21 with respect to short-period ⁇ V fluctuations. .DELTA.V takes a positive value and a negative value. If the value is positive, the voltage is charged, and if it is negative, the voltage is discharged.
- the second storage battery 23 can pass a current 1.5 times or more that of the first storage battery 21, and can charge a power source whose voltage fluctuates in a short period, such as wind power generation 40. Discharge is possible for a typical power demand.
- the capacity Wh of the first storage battery 21 may be twice or more the capacity Wh of the second storage battery 23 . Thereby, a sufficient energy density improvement can be realized.
- FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a power storage system 70 according to the second embodiment. Note that the description of the configuration common to the power storage system 1 according to the first embodiment will be omitted. Moreover, the same code
- the difference between the power storage system 1 according to the first embodiment and the power storage system 70 according to the second embodiment is that, in the power storage system 1, the assembled battery sensor 5 is provided between the storage battery unit 6 and the PCS 4, whereas the power storage system At 70, the assembled battery sensor 5 is provided for each of the first storage battery group 20 and the second storage battery group 22, and a switch 71 for turning ON/OFF the first storage battery group 20, a current limiter 72, and a DC-DC converter 73 are provided. It is the point that I set up.
- the power storage system 70 includes a storage battery monitoring unit (BMU) 2 (not shown), a host system (EMS) 3 (not shown), an AC/DC converter (PCS) 4, an assembled battery sensor 5, a plurality of temperature sensors 7, and a switch. 71 , and a storage battery unit 6 .
- the assembled battery sensor 5 includes a current sensor 8 and a voltage sensor 9 .
- a current limiter 72 or a DC-DC converter 73 may be provided instead of the switch 71 .
- the storage battery unit 6 includes a first storage battery group 20 and a second storage battery group 22, and the first storage battery group 20 and the second storage battery group 22 are electrically connected in parallel to the PCS4.
- a switch 71 and an assembled battery sensor 5 are connected in order from the PCS4 side between the PCS4 and the first storage battery group 20 . Between the PCS 4 and the second storage battery group 22, an assembled battery sensor 5 is connected.
- the switch 71 can be turned off by setting BMU2. .
- the second storage battery group 22 corresponds to the electric power from the wind power generation 40 that fluctuates in a short period.
- a current limiter 72 that prevents current from flowing beyond a certain level, or a DC-DC converter 73 that limits the voltage so that the current is within a certain range may be provided.
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a power storage system 80 according to the third embodiment. Note that the description of the configuration common to the power storage system 1 according to the first embodiment will be omitted. Moreover, the same code
- the first storage battery 21, the second storage battery 23, and the third storage battery 25 are electrically connected in parallel, and the third storage battery 25 is provided with a DC-DC converter 73 as boosting means.
- the third point is that the voltage of the storage battery 25 is controlled to be higher than the voltage of the second storage battery 23 .
- the power storage system 1 in the configuration diagram of the power system in FIG. 1 is replaced with the power storage system 80 .
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing a power storage system 80 according to the third embodiment of the invention.
- the power storage system 80 includes a battery monitoring unit (BMU) 2, a host system (EMS) 3, an AC/DC converter (PCS) 4, an assembled battery sensor 5, a storage battery unit 6, and a plurality of temperature sensor 7.
- the assembled battery sensor 5 includes a current sensor 8 and a voltage sensor 9 .
- the storage battery unit 6 includes a first storage battery group 20, a second storage battery group 22 and a third storage battery group 24, the first storage battery group 20, the second storage battery group 22 and the third storage battery group 24 being electrically parallel to the PCS4. It is connected to the.
- the first storage battery group 20 has a plurality of first storage batteries 21 .
- the first storage battery group 20 has four first storage batteries 21 connected in series connected in parallel.
- the second storage battery group 22 has a plurality of second storage batteries 23
- the third storage battery group 24 has a plurality of third storage batteries 25 .
- the second storage battery group 22 has four second storage batteries 23 connected in series
- the third storage battery group 24 has four third storage batteries 25 connected in series.
- the internal resistance of the first storage battery 21 is R 1
- the internal resistance of the second storage battery 23 is R 2
- the internal resistance of the third storage battery 25 is R 3
- the first storage battery 21 is a bipolar lead-acid battery
- the second storage battery 23 and the third storage battery 25 are the general lead-acid batteries described above.
- the first storage battery group 20 includes four first storage batteries 21 connected in series and two parallel connection
- the second storage battery group 22 includes four second storage batteries 23 connected in series
- a third storage battery group. 24 connects four third storage batteries 25 in series.
- the number of third storage batteries 25 is not limited to this, and for example, one first storage battery 21, one second storage battery 23, and one third storage battery 25 may be connected in parallel.
- the assembled battery sensor 5 is also provided in each of the first storage battery group 20, the second storage battery group 22, and the third storage battery group 24. Further, the third storage battery group 24 is provided with a DC-DC converter 73 as boosting means.
- the DC-DC converter 73 controls the voltage of the third battery 25 of the third battery group 24 to be higher than the voltage of the second battery 23 of the second battery group 22 . Therefore, the second storage battery 23 of the second storage battery group 22 can be controlled to be fully charged, and the third storage battery 25 of the third storage battery group 24 can be controlled to be fully discharged.
- a storage battery monitoring unit (BMU) 2 controls each first storage battery 21, each second storage battery 23, and each third storage battery 25 of the storage battery unit 6 based on the measurement information from the current sensor 8, the voltage sensor 9, and the plurality of temperature sensors 7. and a charge/discharge control function for controlling charging/discharging of the storage battery unit 6 .
- the BMU 2 can be set to peak-cut/peak-shift.
- the BMU 2 has a function of requesting the EMS 3 to stop using power from the system power supply 31 during a predetermined time period during the day (peak cut) and to store power from the system power supply 31 during a predetermined time period at night. ing.
- the PCS 4 includes an inverter, is electrically connected between the power source side of the system power source 31 and the distributed power source 33, the load side of the load 34, and the storage side of the storage battery unit 6, and controls the transfer of electric power. This is the power converter.
- the PCS 4 is controlled by the EMS 3 and charges and discharges the storage battery unit 6 .
- the PCS 4 converts DC power into AC power of a predetermined frequency, and transfers the power from the power supply side of the system power supply 31 and distributed power supply 33 to the storage battery unit. 6, AC power is converted to DC power.
- the EMS 3 drives the PCS 4 in response to a request from the BMU 2 to control charging and discharging of the storage battery unit 6. , the PCS 4 is instructed to discharge the storage battery unit 6 . Further, when the power consumption of the load 34 falls below the power generated by the power sources of the system power source 31 and distributed power source 33, the EMS 3 instructs the PCS 4 to charge the storage battery unit 6. That is, the EMS 3 superimposes the charging/discharging request from the BMU 2 and the charging/discharging for balancing the power consumption and the generated power, and gives the final charging/discharging instruction to the PCS 4 .
- the assembled battery sensor 5 is a sensor that measures the charge/discharge current and total voltage of the storage battery unit 6 .
- the plurality of temperature sensors 7 are installed in each of the plurality of first storage batteries 21, each of the second storage batteries 23 and each of the plurality of third storage batteries 25. Measure the temperature.
- the temperature sensor 7 is not limited to such an example. It may be installed in the representative storage battery, or it may measure the ambient temperature around the first storage battery 21, the second storage battery 23 and the third storage battery 25 placed.
- the electrolyte solution 54 exists on both surfaces of the positive electrode plate 50 and both surfaces of the negative electrode plate 51, so the electrolyte solution (electrolyte layer 105) is present only on one surface of each of the positive electrode 120 and the negative electrode 110 ) is superior in terms of high output characteristics compared to the first storage battery 21, which is a bipolar lead-acid battery in which there is no . Therefore, the charging efficiency is superior to that of the first storage battery 21, which is a bipolar lead-acid battery, for charging power that fluctuates in a short period, such as the wind power generation 40. On the other hand, since the energy density is inferior to that of the bipolar lead-acid battery, it has the characteristics of being inferior to the first storage battery 21, which is a bipolar lead-acid battery, in terms of cost and miniaturization.
- the second storage battery 23 and the third storage battery 25 are general lead-acid batteries in which the electrolyte is present on both sides of the electrode plate, but the second storage battery 23 and the third storage battery 25 are not limited to this.
- Either one of the storage batteries 25 may be a general lead-acid battery in which electrolyte exists on both sides of the electrode plate, and the other may be a lithium ion battery.
- the second storage battery 23 and the third storage battery 25 may be lithium ion batteries.
- the actions and operations of the power storage system 80 are the same as those of the power storage system 1 shown in FIG. is.
- D indicates the electromotive forces of the first battery group 20, the second battery group 22, and the third battery group 24, expressed as stable voltages.
- ⁇ V indicates a fluctuating voltage
- C indicates a dynamic voltage during charging and discharging, which is the sum of the stable voltage D and the fluctuating voltage ⁇ V.
- the internal resistance of the first storage battery 21 is R 1
- the internal resistance of the second storage battery 23 is R 2
- the internal resistance of the third storage battery 25 is R 3
- the current flowing through the first storage battery 21 is I 1
- the current flowing through the second storage battery 23 is R 1 .
- the current flowing through the third storage battery 25 is I3
- the voltage of the first storage battery 21, the voltage of the second storage battery 23, and the voltage of the third storage battery 25 are the same voltage ⁇ V
- I1 ⁇ V/R 1
- I 2 ⁇ V/R 2
- I 3 ⁇ V/R 3
- the internal resistance R2 of the second storage battery 23 and the internal resistance R3 of the third storage battery 25 are set to be smaller than the internal resistance R1 of the first storage battery 21, so I1 ⁇ I2 , I 1 ⁇ I 3 . Therefore, the second storage battery 23 and the third storage battery 25 can pass a larger current than the first storage battery 21 with respect to short-period ⁇ V fluctuations.
- .DELTA.V takes a positive value and a negative value. If the value is positive, the voltage is charged, and if it is negative, the voltage is discharged.
- the internal resistance of the second storage battery 23 and the third storage battery 25 is equal to the internal resistance of the first storage battery 21. /3 or less, the second storage battery 23 and the third storage battery 25 can pass a current 1.5 times or more than the first storage battery 21, and the voltage fluctuates in a short period like the wind power generation 40. It can be charged to the power source and discharged for instantaneous power demands on the load 34 .
- the capacity Wh of the first storage battery 21 may be twice or more the capacity Wh of the second storage battery 23 and the capacity Wh of the third storage battery 25 . Thereby, a sufficient energy density improvement can be realized.
- the first storage battery group 20 may be provided with any one of a switch 71 for turning ON/OFF, a current limiter 72, and a DC-DC converter 73.
- the switch 71 can be turned off by setting the BMU2.
- the second storage battery group 22 corresponds to the electric power from the wind power generation 40 that fluctuates in a short period.
- a current limiter 72 that prevents current from flowing beyond a certain level, or a DC-DC converter 73 that limits the voltage so that the current is within a certain range may be provided.
- FIG. 11 The diagram on the left side of FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining the operation mechanism of the second storage battery 23 and the third storage battery 25 that are examples of the present embodiment, and the diagrams on the center and right side of FIG. 11 are diagrams of a comparative example. It is a figure for demonstrating an operation mechanism.
- a feature of this embodiment is that the third battery group 24 is provided with a DC-DC converter 73 as boosting means. The voltage is controlled to be higher than that of the second storage battery 23 of the second storage battery group 22 .
- the second storage battery 23 of the second storage battery group 22 can be controlled to be fully charged, and the third storage battery 25 of the third storage battery group 24 can be controlled to be fully discharged.
- the second storage battery 23 of the second storage battery group 22 may be controlled to be fully charged, and the third storage battery 25 of the third storage battery group 24 may be controlled to be fully discharged.
- the example of FIG. 11 is a case where a 30 Wh capacity is requested for both charging and discharging, the capacity of the second storage battery 23 is 30 Wh, and the capacity of the third storage battery 25 is 30 Wh.
- the capacity of the second storage battery 23 is 30 Wh
- the capacity of the third storage battery 25 is 30 Wh.
- the second storage battery 23 is fully charged, it is possible to discharge all 30 Wh.
- the third storage battery 25 is in a completely discharged state, it becomes possible to charge the entire 30 Wh. Therefore, 30 Wh is enough for the capacity of the second storage battery 23, and 30 Wh is enough for the capacity of the third storage battery 25, so the total capacity of the second storage battery 23 and the third storage battery 25 is 60 Wh.
- the capacity of the storage battery shown as a comparative example is 60 Wh
- the SOC partial charge
- 30 Wh is in the discharged state
- 30 Wh is in the charged state as shown in the left side diagram shown in the comparative example. Therefore, it is equivalent to the second storage battery 23 and the third storage battery 25 of the embodiment.
- the SOC actually fluctuates, as shown in the diagram on the right side of the comparative example. For example, if the SOC fluctuates to 60%, the discharged state will be 24 Wh, so all 30 Wh cannot be charged. Also, when the SOC fluctuates to 40%, the state of charge is 24 Wh, so discharging of 30 Wh is not possible.
- the DC-DC converter 73 can control the second storage battery 23 to a fully charged state and the third storage battery 25 to a fully discharged state, so that the battery capacity can be reduced. Since it is possible to reduce the size, it has an effect that it is possible to reduce the size.
- FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing the overall configuration of power storage system 90 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- the same reference numerals are used for configurations common to the power storage system 1 according to the first embodiment.
- the power storage system 90 stores, in the storage battery unit 6, system current generated and transmitted by various power plants such as thermal power plants or renewable energy such as wind power generation, and the electric power stored in the storage battery unit 6. It is a system that transmits power to loads such as homes, offices, factories, etc. as needed.
- a power storage system 90 according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a storage battery unit 6, a BMU 2, an EMS 3, and a PCS 4.
- the BMU 2 is a battery management unit, and is a device that manages the voltage of each battery that constitutes the storage battery unit 6, the temperature of the entire storage battery unit 6, and the like. Therefore, the BMU 2 can grasp the state of the storage battery unit 6 via a sensor that acquires various information provided in the storage battery unit 6 . Note that the functions of the BMU 2 are not limited to such functions, and other functions may be provided.
- a PC personal computer
- a microcomputer for example, is used as the BMU 2.
- the BMU 2 may be installed near the storage battery unit 6, and may be configured to be managed on the cloud or remotely (remotely).
- EMS3 is a so-called Energy Management System, a system that grasps, manages, and optimizes the usage of electric energy.
- PCS4 is a power conditioning system, which converts direct current generated by system current etc. into alternating current, and plays a role in adjusting the output to the load and stable output suitable for storage in storage battery B. .
- the storage battery unit 6 is a battery that stores electricity from system current or the like via the PCS4.
- the storage battery unit 6 is often stationary to store electricity.
- the storage battery unit 6 is composed of a combination of an organic storage battery and an aqueous solution storage battery.
- a case where a lithium ion battery is used as an organic storage battery and a lead storage battery is used as an aqueous solution storage battery will be described as an example.
- the various sensors are sensors that acquire information indicating the operation history and state of the storage battery unit 6 such as current, voltage, or temperature (hereinafter, the information is referred to as “operation history information” as appropriate). These sensors may be provided for each unit, or may be provided for each individual storage battery unit 6 .
- the operation history information is, for example, current values and voltage values when the storage battery unit 6 is charged and discharged, or temperature information of the storage battery unit 6 .
- Various information indicating the state of the storage battery unit 6 calculated and processed in the BMU 2 using not only the measured values and sampled values measured by such various sensors, but also the measured values such as the charging rate measured by the sensor. include.
- This driving history information may be information for each of the plurality of units provided, or information for the storage battery unit 6 as a whole.
- these various sensors may be provided as part of the elements that make up the BMU 2 .
- the BMU 2 may have only the role of acquiring driving history information from various sensors without using various sensors as its constituent elements.
- the storage battery unit 6 may be provided with a transmitting/receiving device or the like for transmitting driving history information acquired by various sensors to the BMU 2 and for receiving commands from the PCS 4, for example.
- direct current from power plants such as thermal power plants or system current such as renewable energy is converted into alternating current in the PCS 4, output to the load, and stored in the storage battery unit 6.
- the BMU 2 grasps the charging rate and degree of deterioration of the storage battery unit 6 and issues an operation command to the EMS 3 according to the state of the storage battery unit 6 . This operation command is further transmitted to the PCS 4 to appropriately issue a charge/discharge command to the storage battery unit 6, and output to the load described above. That is, the BMU 2 as a battery management unit controls charging and discharging of the storage battery unit 6 .
- the four components of the storage battery system 90 are the BMU 2, the EMS 3, the PCS 4, and the storage battery unit 6.
- the storage battery system 90 includes these components. is not limited to Moreover, it is also possible to give the function of EMS3 and PCS4 to BMU2, and the storage battery system 90 is comprised from BMU2 and the storage battery unit 6 in this case.
- each component is connected by an arrow or a solid line.
- arrows indicate information flow, and information is transmitted in the direction of the arrow.
- solid lines indicate current flow. Therefore, the electric power transmitted from the system current once enters the PCS 4 and undergoes the above-described processing, and is stored in the storage battery unit 6 . Then, the electric power stored in the storage battery unit 6 is discharged and transmitted to the load.
- the BMU 2 and the like are not installed near the storage battery B, and may be operated on the cloud or remotely. It is good to use either.
- FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing the internal configuration of the storage battery unit 6 according to the embodiment of the invention.
- the storage battery unit 6 is configured by connecting the same number of lithium-ion batteries L and lead-acid batteries P, respectively, which are assembled to form one unit. And the storage battery unit 6 is comprised by collecting the said unit in multiple numbers.
- the storage battery unit 6 is indicated by a dashed line, and the unit is indicated by enclosing it with a dashed line.
- a solid line connecting the lithium-ion battery L, the lead-acid battery P, and the cell balance circuit C indicates the power charged to and discharged from the storage battery unit 6 .
- each of the units U1 and U2 has the same configuration, and the lithium ion battery L and the lead storage battery P are connected in series with the same type of storage batteries, and the lithium ion battery L and the lead storage battery P are connected in parallel with each other. connected as follows.
- lithium-ion batteries L and three lead-acid batteries P (lithium-ion batteries L1 to L3 and lead-acid batteries P1 to P3) are connected.
- the lithium-ion batteries L2 and L3 are indicated as “LiB”
- the lead-acid batteries BP2 and P3 are indicated as "Pb”.
- the number of lithium-ion batteries L and lead-acid batteries P that constitute each unit can be arbitrarily set according to the required performance of the storage battery unit 6 . Also, the number of units provided in the storage battery unit 6 can be arbitrarily set. However, since the organic electrolyte solution is used in the lithium ion battery L as described above, it is of course necessary to comply with, for example, the provisions of the Fire Service Act.
- Lithium-ion batteries L can be classified into multiple types depending on the material used for the battery, but any type of lithium-ion battery L may be used.
- a battery with any structure can be adopted as a lead-acid battery, but among these, a bipolar lead-acid battery is particularly preferably used.
- Bipolar lead-acid batteries have positive and negative electrodes on both sides of the bipolar plate. Design freedom is also improved. Therefore, it is possible to significantly reduce the cost and weight, and further improve the battery capacity and rate characteristics.
- the active material layers of both the positive and negative electrodes are held in a state of being pressed from both sides by the current collector and the separator.
- the active material layer is less likely to come off, and the battery performance can be maintained and the life of the battery can be extended.
- the storage battery unit 6 is further provided with a cell balance circuit C.
- one cell balance circuit C is connected to one lithium-ion battery L and one lead-acid battery P at a rate of one.
- the cell balance circuit C is a circuit for balancing the charging capacity between the lithium ion battery L and the lead storage battery P when the storage battery unit 6 is charged.
- the value of the overcharge voltage of the lithium-ion battery L is higher than the value of the end-of-charge voltage of the lead-acid battery P during charging. set to be higher.
- the overcharge voltage set for the lithium ion battery L is, for example, 3.7 V or higher.
- the end-of-charge voltage of the lead-acid battery P is, for example, 2V or higher.
- the lithium-ion battery L has higher rate characteristics than the lead-acid battery P, so when the power to be charged flows through the PCS 3, the lithium-ion battery L is charged first. However, if the lead storage battery P is simply charged after the lithium ion battery L is fully charged, the deterioration of the lithium ion battery L may be accelerated.
- the cell balance circuit C is designed so that the difference between the electric power values, for example the voltage values, charged in the cells of the lithium-ion battery L and the lead-acid battery P does not exceed a certain value.
- the charging amounts of the ion battery L and the lead-acid battery P are leveled.
- the lithium-ion battery L since the lithium-ion battery L has a set overcharge voltage value, it will not be charged beyond that value.
- the value of the overcharge voltage of the lithium-ion battery L is set to be higher than the value of the end-of-charge voltage of the lead-acid battery P.
- the lead-acid battery P is continuously charged. That is, the lead-acid battery P serves as a buffer for the lithium-ion battery L.
- the storage battery unit 6 that takes advantage of the respective characteristics of the lithium ion battery L and the lead storage battery P can be realized. Can be configured. Therefore, in view of the characteristics of the storage battery, by combining a plurality of types of storage batteries that can complement each other while exerting their respective characteristics, it is possible to operate the storage battery more efficiently and stably.
- the lead-acid battery P since the value of the overcharge voltage of the lithium-ion battery L is set higher than the value of the end-of-charge voltage of the lead-acid battery P, the lead-acid battery P is charged. That is, in the relationship between the lithium-ion battery L and the lead-acid battery P, the lead-acid battery P serves as a so-called buffer, so that the lithium-ion battery L is not overcharged even when charging is performed. Therefore, the lithium ion battery L is protected. This makes it possible to extend the life of the storage battery unit 6 and operate the storage battery unit 6 over a long period of time.
- the configuration in which the cell balance circuit C is provided in the storage battery system 90 is shown.
- the cell balance circuit C is not an essential component of the storage battery unit 6, and may not be connected.
- the BMU 2 monitors the voltmeters provided for each of them while managing the charging process. Any configuration can be adopted as long as the configuration can be adopted.
- Positive electrode plate Positive electrode plate
- Negative electrode plate 52 Separator 54
- Electrolyte solution 55
- Battery case 56
- Current collector 57
- Current collector 58
- Positive electrode strap 60
- Positive electrode terminal 61
- Negative electrode terminal 70
- power storage system 71
- switch 72
- current limiter 73
- DC-DC converter 80
- power storage system 90
- power storage system 103
- positive electrode active material layer 104
- negative electrode active material layer 105 electrolysis Layer
- Negative electrode terminal 108
- Negative electrode terminal 110
- Negative electrode 111 Bipolar plate 120
- Positive electrode C
- Lithium ion battery P
- Lead acid battery system 102
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Abstract
Description
しかし、特許文献1に開示されたハイブリッド型の蓄電システムは、風力発電のように短周期で変動する電力と太陽光パネル発電のように長周期で変動する電力に対して効率よく充電することができるかは不明である。また、特許文献1で例示された第1のバッテリユニットとしてのリチウムイオンバッテリは高い充放電効率を有するがコストが高い。一方、バイポーラ型鉛蓄電池は低コストで高い充放電効率を有するが高出力特性ではリチウムイオンバッテリより劣るため、風力発発電などの短周期で電力が変動する電源に対してはリチウムイオンバッテリよりも充電効率が劣るという課題を有する。
Claims (19)
- 供給電力の周期が変動する電源に接続される蓄電システムであって、
第1蓄電池と、
同一電圧、同一容量Whにおいて、前記第1蓄電池の内部抵抗よりも内部抵抗が小さい第2蓄電池と、を備え、
前記第1蓄電池と前記第2蓄電池は電気的に並列に接続されていることを特徴とする蓄電システム。 - 前記第1蓄電池の容量Whは前記第2蓄電池の容量Whの2倍以上であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の蓄電システム。
- 同一電圧、同一容量Whにおいて、前記第2蓄電池の内部抵抗は、前記第1蓄電池の2/3以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の蓄電システム。
- 前記第1蓄電池は、一方の面に正極用活物質層を備えた正極が設けられて他方の面に負極用活物質層を備えた負極が設けられたバイポーラプレートを有するバイポーラ電極と、前記バイポーラプレートの一方の面の前記正極に接する電解層と、
前記バイポーラプレートの他方の面の前記負極に接する電解層と、を有するバイポーラ型鉛蓄電池であり、
前記第2蓄電池は、正極板、負極板、電解液を有し、前記正極板および前記負極板の両面が前記電解液に接する鉛蓄電池であることを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の蓄電システム。 - 前記第1蓄電池単体の全体積に対する、前記電解層の体積と前記正極用活物質層の体積および前記負極用活物質層の体積の和の比率は、50%以上であることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の蓄電システム。
- 前記電源は、第1の発電装置と第2の発電装置を含み、
前記第1の発電装置からの供給電力の周期は、前記第2の発電装置からの供給電力の周期よりも短周期であることを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の蓄電システム。 - 同一電圧、同一容量Whにおいて、前記第1蓄電池の内部抵抗よりも内部抵抗が小さい第3蓄電池を備え、
前記第1蓄電池、前記第2蓄電池、前記第3蓄電池は電気的に並列に接続され、
前記第3蓄電池には昇圧手段が設けられて、前記第3蓄電池の電圧は前記第2蓄電池の電圧より高くなるように制御されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の蓄電システム。 - 前記第2蓄電池は満充電状態に制御され、前記第3蓄電池は完全放電状態に制御されることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の蓄電システム。
- 前記第2蓄電池は常時満充電状態に制御され、前記第3蓄電池は常時完全放電状態に制御されることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の蓄電システム。
- 前記第1蓄電池の容量Wh、前記第2蓄電池の容量Wh、前記第3蓄電池の容量Whとした場合、前記第1蓄電池の容量Whは、前記第2蓄電池の容量Whと前記第3蓄電池の容量Whの和の3倍以上であることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の蓄電システム。
- 前記第2蓄電池もしくは前記第3蓄電池の一方は、水系電解液を用いる水溶液系蓄電池であることを特徴とする請求項7から10のいずれか1項に記載の蓄電システム。
- 前記水溶液系蓄電池は鉛蓄電池であることを特徴とする請求項11に記載の蓄電システム。
- 前記鉛蓄電池は、正極板、負極板、電解液を有し、前記正極板および前記負極板の両面が前記電解液に接するものであることを特徴とする請求項12に記載の蓄電システム。
- 前記第2蓄電池もしくは前記第3蓄電池の他方は、有機系電解液を用いる有機系蓄電池であることを特徴とする請求項11に記載の蓄電システム。
- 前記有機系蓄電池はリチウムイオン電池であることを特徴とする請求項14に記載の蓄電システム。
- 前記有機系蓄電池の過充電電圧の値は、前記水溶液系蓄電池の充電終止電圧の値よりも高くなるように設定されていることを特徴とする請求項14に記載の蓄電池システム。
- 前記第2蓄電池および前記第3蓄電池は、有機系電解液を用いる有機系蓄電池であることを特徴とする請求項7から10のいずれか1項に記載の蓄電システム。
- 前記有機系蓄電池はリチウムイオン電池であることを特徴とする請求項17に記載の蓄電システム。
- 前記有機系蓄電池の過充電電圧の値は、前記水溶液系蓄電池の充電終止電圧の値よりも高くなるように設定されていることを特徴とする請求項17に記載の蓄電池システム。
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JP2014131369A (ja) * | 2012-12-28 | 2014-07-10 | Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd | 電力制御システム |
JP2016054607A (ja) * | 2014-09-03 | 2016-04-14 | 三星エスディアイ株式会社Samsung SDI Co.,Ltd. | 電力補助システム |
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JP2014131369A (ja) * | 2012-12-28 | 2014-07-10 | Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd | 電力制御システム |
JP2016054607A (ja) * | 2014-09-03 | 2016-04-14 | 三星エスディアイ株式会社Samsung SDI Co.,Ltd. | 電力補助システム |
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