WO2022253278A1 - 移动式保鲜箱及具有其的冷链运载工具 - Google Patents

移动式保鲜箱及具有其的冷链运载工具 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022253278A1
WO2022253278A1 PCT/CN2022/096651 CN2022096651W WO2022253278A1 WO 2022253278 A1 WO2022253278 A1 WO 2022253278A1 CN 2022096651 W CN2022096651 W CN 2022096651W WO 2022253278 A1 WO2022253278 A1 WO 2022253278A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cold
unit
cooling
cold storage
heat exchanger
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PCT/CN2022/096651
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈金红
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浙江雪波蓝科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2022253278A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022253278A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D88/00—Large containers
    • B65D88/74—Large containers having means for heating, cooling, aerating or other conditioning of contents
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D11/00—Self-contained movable devices, e.g. domestic refrigerators
    • F25D11/02—Self-contained movable devices, e.g. domestic refrigerators with cooling compartments at different temperatures

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a mobile fresh-keeping box and a cold chain carrying tool having the same.
  • the refrigerated truck is cooled by the refrigeration unit, and the evaporating fan blows cold air to the entire box. Therefore, the refrigeration unit can only be started when the entire compartment is full of goods; Goods loaded into the compartment are prone to damage.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a mobile fresh-keeping box and a cold-chain carrier having the same.
  • a mobile fresh-keeping box comprising a cooling unit, including several sub-cooling units separated by at least one leak-proof cold component; a cold storage unit, which is provided with a liquid and/or solid cold storage medium; a cooling unit, The liquid cold storage medium is transmitted to each sub-cooling unit, and the cold storage medium after heat exchange with the sub-cooling unit is transmitted to the cold storage unit; the electronic control unit is connected to the cooling unit, And the supply of liquid cold storage medium to at least one sub-cooling unit is independently controlled.
  • the present invention separates cooling-requiring units into several sub-cooling-requiring units through leak-proof cooling components, and separately supplies cooling to at least a part of the sub-cooling storage units through the cooling supply unit, thereby realizing partitioned cooling and more flexible usage scenarios .
  • Fig. 1 is the perspective view of the mobile fresh-keeping box of preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of Fig. 1 at another angle, in order to show the internal structure, a door body is omitted;
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of Fig. 1 after removing the box;
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of Fig. 3 at another angle;
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of Fig. 2 from another angle
  • Fig. 6 is a partial enlarged view of Fig. 5;
  • Fig. 7 is the structural representation of water tank of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of a water tank according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 is a sectional view along the A-A direction of Fig. 8;
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic structural view of a water tank according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 11 is a sectional view along the B-B direction of Fig. 10;
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic structural view of a water tank according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of a heat exchanger body and a heat exchange fan in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of a heat exchanger body and a heat exchange fan in another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of a heat exchanger body and a heat exchange fan in another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of installing a heat exchanger in an implementation of the present invention.
  • Fig. 17 is a schematic diagram of a cold storage unit, a cold supply unit and a discharge unit in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 18 is a perspective view of a cold chain box in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the door body is not shown
  • Fig. 19 is a schematic diagram of the cold chain box in Fig. 18 on the opening side;
  • Figure 20 is a cross-sectional view of Figure 19;
  • Fig. 21 is a schematic diagram of a leak-proof cooling assembly of the present invention including a second slide rail and a leak-proof cooling curtain;
  • Figure 22 is an exploded view of Figure 21;
  • Fig. 23 is a schematic view of the cold chain box in another preferred embodiment of the present invention from the perspective of Fig. 19 .
  • FIG. 1 to FIG. 17 are preferred embodiments of the mobile fresh-keeping box 100 of the present invention.
  • the mobile fresh-keeping box 100 is used for cold chain transportation, and can pre-cool and/or keep fresh goods.
  • the mobile fresh-keeping box 100 includes a storage box 12 requiring a cooling unit 10 , a cooling storage unit 20 , a cooling unit 10 , a cooling unit 30 , a discharge unit 40 , a humidifying unit 50 and an electronic control unit 60 .
  • the mobile fresh-keeping box 100 may be a whole, or may be formed by assembling independent modules.
  • the cooling-needing unit 10 includes any unit requiring cooling capacity.
  • the cooling-requiring unit 10 is a whole, or the cooling-requiring unit 10 includes several sub-refrigeration-requiring units separated by at least one leakage-proof cooling component 11, and the cooling supply unit transmits the cooling capacity to each sub-refrigeration-requiring unit, And the cooling capacity provided to at least one of the sub-cooling units is independently controlled, realizing block cooling and more flexible usage scenarios.
  • the cooling unit 10 includes a storage box 12 and at least one door 13 for opening or closing the storage box 12, and the storage box 12 is an insulated box.
  • the storage box 12 is used to store agricultural products, and the cooling unit 30 provides cold energy to the storage box 12 to pre-cool and/or keep fresh the agricultural products.
  • the sub-cooling unit is a plurality of storage areas 14 formed by separating the storage box 12 by at least one leakage-proof cooling component 11 .
  • the anti-leakage cooling assembly 11 corresponding to the storage area 14 can be closed, and the cooling unit 30 can be started to supply cooling to the storage area 14, and the storage area 14 can be cooled.
  • the goods in zone 14 are pre-cooled and/or kept fresh; pre-cooled and/or kept fresh before loading.
  • the anti-leakage cold assembly 11 can effectively prevent the leakage of the coldness of the storage area 14 that has entered the pre-cooling or refrigerating or freezing state, reduce energy consumption, and at the same time can directly load from the source of goods , and directly transported to the destination, avoiding the intermediate turnover process of traditional cold chain vehicles and greatly improving transportation efficiency.
  • anti-leakage cold assemblies 11 are arranged at intervals along the longitudinal direction of the storage box 12 , and the anti-leakage cold assemblies 11 and the door body 13 are generally arranged in parallel. Starting from the storage area 14 farthest from the door body 13, several storage areas 14 are filled one by one, and when one storage area 14 is filled, the goods in one storage area 14 begin to be precooled.
  • the door body 13 can also be arranged on the side of the storage box 12, so that the door body 13 and the leak-proof cold component 11 are vertically arranged.
  • the cold leakage prevention component 11 is a flexible cold leakage prevention component, which is simple to install, flexible and deformable, and has better use scenarios, such as door curtains.
  • the length of the flexible anti-leakage cold assembly along the up and down direction is not less than, preferably greater than, the height of the storage box 12; the width of the flexible anti-leakage cold assembly is not less than, preferably greater than The width of the object box 12, so as to ensure that the upper and lower sides and the left and right sides of the flexible leak-proof cold assembly can be sealed with the inner wall of the storage box 12 to reduce or seal the gap between the flexible leak-proof cold assembly and the storage box 12 , thereby reducing the amount of cooling leakage.
  • the length of the flexible anti-leakage cold assembly along the up and down direction is set longer.
  • the top of the flexible anti-leakage cold assembly is inclined outward, which can temporarily increase the storage space. District 14 space.
  • the length of the flexible leak-proof cold assembly along the up and down direction is less than or equal to 1.5 times the height of the storage box 12. If it is too long, it will be stacked at the bottom, which will cause inconvenience to loading and unloading, and the amount of goods exceeds the capacity of the expanded space. capacity, the excess should be put into the next storage area. More preferably, it is less than or equal to (1+ ⁇ 2)/2 times the height of the storage box 12, that is, the upper half of the flexible leak-proof cold assembly is inclined outward at 45°.
  • the left and right sides of the flexible anti-leakage component can be fixed to the inner wall of the storage box 12 by Velcro or magnetic stickers.
  • the bottom of the flexible anti-leakage cold component does not need to be fixed to the bottom wall of the storage box 12, and the flexible anti-leakage cold component can be attached to the bottom wall of the storage box 12 under its own gravity.
  • the material of the leak-proof cold assembly 11 can be selected according to the type of goods stored in the storage area 14 whether to use the heat-preserving and leak-proof cold assembly 11 . If the storage area 14 requires a relatively low temperature, such as 0° C. and below, the leak-proof cold component 11 is preferred. And, when the kind of goods in the adjacent storage areas 14 is the same or when the required preservation temperature is close, there is no need to use the anti-leakage cold assembly 11, and when the loading is completed, heat exchange can be used between adjacent storage areas 14. Temperature equilibration is achieved quickly. When the goods in adjacent storage areas 14 are different, the corresponding storage temperatures are also different. The use of leak-proof cold components 11 can effectively isolate the heat transfer between adjacent storage areas 14 and ensure the temperature of each storage area 14 It is stable and realizes the function of storing goods in multiple temperature zones.
  • the electric control unit includes a sensor for detecting whether the storage area 14 is in a closed state.
  • the leak-proof cold assembly 11 has an open state for opening the storage area 14, and a closed state for closing the storage area 14, and the sensor includes a travel switch, a photosensitive sensor, pressure sensor, infrared sensor.
  • the distribution center cannot guarantee that the volume of goods collected can fill one sub-required cooling unit at one time, and when unloading, it cannot guarantee that one sub-required cooling unit will be fully unloaded at one time.
  • the anti-leakage cold assembly 7 includes at least one first slide rail 71 located on the storage box 12 , at least one first slide rail 71 slidably disposed on the first slide rail 71 .
  • Two slide rails 72, at least one leak-proof cold curtain 73 slidably arranged on the second slide rail 72, the leak-proof cold curtain 73 can be moved to any position in the storage box 12 to form an unfixed storage District 14.
  • the leak-proof cooling curtain 73 slides on the second slide rail 72, it switches between a folded state/non-shielding state and an unfolded state/shielding state.
  • the first slide rail 71 extends from the opening of the storage box 12 to a side away from the opening, and when loading goods from the inside to the outside, the leakage-proof cooling curtain 73 is slid to the position where the goods are loaded. the corresponding location.
  • the anti-leakage cold curtain 73 can be moved to the corresponding position according to the amount of goods to be unloaded, so as to protect the goods that do not need to be unloaded at the moment.
  • the number of the first sliding rails 71 is at least 3, and the second sliding rails 72 are loaded from both sides and the middle respectively, so as to prevent the sinking gap in the middle part from causing cold leakage.
  • the anti-leakage cold assembly 7 also includes a sliding assembly 74 that slidably connects the second sliding rail 72 and the first sliding rail 71, and the sliding assembly 74 includes a sliding plate 741 fixed on the sliding The first sliding member 742 on the board 741 , at least a part of the first sliding member 742 is slidably disposed in the first sliding groove of the first sliding rail 71 .
  • the sliding plate 741 is provided with a sliding hole 743 for accommodating the first slide rail 71 , and a fixing plate 744 located below the sliding hole 743 , and the first slide rail 71 is located in the sliding hole 743 Inside, the sliding element is fixed on the fixing plate 744 , and a part of the sliding element extends into the first sliding groove to slide.
  • the leak-proof cooling curtain 73 includes a plurality of second sliding pieces 731 fixed at intervals on the top of the leak-proof cooling curtain 73, at least a part of the second sliding pieces 731 is slidably arranged on the second slide. In the second chute of rail 72. When a plurality of the second sliding parts 731 move along the second slide rail 72, the leakage-proof cooling curtain 73 is folded or opened.
  • both the first sliding member 742 and the second sliding member 731 are pulleys, which have low friction and are easy to operate.
  • the leak-proof cooling assembly 7 also includes at least one first fixing piece 75 disposed on the edge of the leak-proof cooling curtain 73, and is detachably connected with the first fixing piece 75 to secure the leak-proof cooling
  • the edge portion of the curtain 73 is fixed to the second fixing member 76 of the storage box 12 , and the second fixing member 76 is arranged on the storage box 12 .
  • the cooperation between the first fixing part 75 and the second fixing part 76 also plays a role in fixing the leak-proof cooling curtain 73 at a corresponding position, preventing it from moving under external force.
  • the first fixing member 75 is arranged at the bottom of the leak-proof cooling curtain 73, and the second fixing member 76 is arranged at the bottom of the storage box 12, so as to prevent cold air at the bottom of the storage box 12. Leak outward.
  • the first fixing member 75 is extended along the width of the leakage-proof cooling curtain 73, or the first fixing member 75 includes several sub-fixing members arranged at intervals along the width direction of the leakage-proof cooling curtain 73. ; Therefore, different positions in the width direction of the leakage-proof cold curtain 73 can be fixed with the second fixing member 76 .
  • the first fixing part 75 is arranged on the end side part of the width direction of the leakage-proof cooling curtain 73, and the second fixing part 76 is arranged on the side wall of the storage box 12 to prevent the storage box 12 from The cool air inside leaks out from the side walls.
  • the first fixing member 75 is extended along the height direction of the leakage-proof cold curtain 73, or the first fixing member 75 includes several sub-fixtures arranged at intervals along the height direction of the leakage-proof cooling curtain 73. Therefore, different positions in the height direction of the leakage-proof cooling curtain 73 can be fixed to the second fixing member 76, and the fixing effect is good.
  • the first fixing member 75 is arranged on the bottom and the end side in the width direction of the leakage-proof cooling curtain 73 at the same time, and neither the bottom edge nor the side edge of the leakage-proof cooling curtain 73 will leak cold.
  • the first fixing member 75 and the second fixing member 76 are a combination structure that cooperates with each other, such as a magnetic attraction, a Velcro, a hook or a ring that cooperates with each other, a positioning pin and a positioning structure.
  • the anti-leakage cold assembly 2 also includes a baffle plate located near the opening of the storage box 12.
  • the baffle plate extends upwards from the bottom wall of the storage box 12. When the cold wind in the storage box 12 flows from the bottom to the door, Under the effect of baffle plate, return in the storage box 12 upwards and inwards.
  • the side of the baffle plate 12 facing away from the door is a concave arc surface.
  • baffle plate is too high the height of the opening of storage box 12, a foldable pedal can be installed in storage box 12 outsides, convenient loading and unloading.
  • the sub-need cooling unit is a plurality of storage boxes 12 arranged independently of each other, and each storage box 12 can adopt the storage box 12 in the first type of embodiment, and its interior can be partitioned or No partition.
  • the cold storage unit 20 is a cold store of the mobile fresh-keeping box 100 .
  • the cold storage unit 20 includes a cold storage box 201 for loading a cold storage medium.
  • the structure and shape of the cold storage box 201 are not limited, and are used to accommodate the cold storage medium and keep the cold storage medium warm.
  • the cold storage medium is used to store a large amount of cold energy, and provide cold energy to the cooling demand unit 10 through the cooling supply unit 30 .
  • the cold storage medium includes not only a single-component cold storage medium, such as water, alcohol, etc., but also a multi-component cold storage medium, such as a salt water system mixture, an alcohol water system mixture, a salt-alcohol-water system mixture.
  • the appropriate cold storage medium can be selected according to the required cooling capacity and its temperature control range.
  • the cold storage medium has a solid state and a liquid state.
  • the solid state is more stable than the liquid state, including both physical storage form stability and energy low-entropy stability, but the solid state is not easy to transport, and the liquid cold storage medium is convenient to transport to the cooling unit 10 to directly provide cooling capacity.
  • the solid-state cold storage medium absorbs heat and undergoes phase transformation into a liquid state, it will absorb a large amount of heat, that is, release a large amount of cold energy outward.
  • the material of the cold storage box 201 is not limited, but it is preferably a material with high strength and not easy to be corroded, such as a stainless steel box, or a PP material box, or an ABS material box, or a glass fiber reinforced plastic box.
  • the cold storage tank 201 includes a first storage area 202 for accommodating solid and/or liquid cold storage medium, and the solid cold storage medium will melt and become liquid after a period of time.
  • the cold storage box 201 also includes a second storage area 203 for accommodating a liquid cold storage medium, and a certain amount of liquid cold storage medium is stored in the second storage area 203, so as to ensure that it can be supplied to units requiring cold storage at any time. 10 provides cooling.
  • the second storage area 203 communicates with the first storage area 202, and the liquid cold storage medium may be between the first storage area 202 and the second storage area 203. flow.
  • the first storage area 202 and the second storage area 203 are two areas in one storage container, and the first storage area 202 is set to facilitate the accumulation of liquid cold storage medium.
  • the cold storage tank 201 includes a solid-liquid separation structure 204 that divides it into a first storage area 202 and a second storage area 203 .
  • the cold storage tank 201 is a water tank, or when the cold storage tank 201 is provided with a water tank, the solid-liquid separation structure 204 is located in the water tank.
  • the solid-liquid separation structure 204 is used to prevent the solid cold storage medium from entering the second storage area 203 .
  • the solid-liquid separation structure can also be a filter screen located at the connection between the cooling unit 30 and the cold storage box 201, and the filter screen can be fixed on the cold storage box 201 or can be fixed on the cooling box
  • the end of the unit 30 is, for example, fixed to the end of the first transmission unit 31 .
  • the communication modes between the first storage area 202 and the second storage area 203 include but are not limited to the following:
  • the solid-liquid separation structure 204 is provided with a communication port connecting the first storage area 202 and the second storage area 203, for the liquid cold storage medium to flow between the first storage area 202 and the second storage area 203. flows between.
  • the first storage area 202 and the second storage area 203 are arranged along the horizontal direction, and the communication port 205 is arranged at the bottom of the solid-liquid separation structure 204.
  • the The height of the liquid cold storage medium in the first storage area 202 is consistent with that in the second storage area 203 , and the liquid cold storage medium in the first storage area 202 can quickly flow into the second storage area 203 .
  • the first accommodating area 202 and the second accommodating area 203 are arranged along the horizontal direction
  • the communication port 205 is arranged in the middle and upper part of the solid-liquid separation structure 204
  • the first The liquid cold storage medium in the accommodation area 202 will flow into the second accommodation area 203 only when the height of the liquid cold storage medium reaches the communication port 205, so that the contact time between the liquid cold storage medium and the solid cold storage medium is long, and the heat The exchange works well.
  • the first storage area 202 and the second storage area 203 are arranged along the height direction, and the communication port is opened at any position on the solid-liquid separation structure 204 .
  • the first storage area 202 is located above the second storage area 203 , and the liquid cold storage medium flows into the second storage area 203 under the action of gravity.
  • the first storage area 202 is located below the second storage area 203 , and at this time, the liquid cold storage medium needs to be pumped into the second storage area 203 through a water pipe and a water pump.
  • the first storage area 202 and the second storage area 203 can also be The edge of the solid-liquid separation structure 204 communicates with the gap between the cold storage tank 201 .
  • the first storage area 202 and the second storage area 203 pass through the bottom edge of the solid-liquid separation structure 204 Or the gap between the side edge and the cold storage box 201 is connected; or, the height of the solid-liquid separation structure 204 is lower than the height of the cold storage box 201, and the first storage area 202 and the second storage area
  • the storage area 203 communicates through the top of the solid-liquid separation structure 204 , that is, the liquid cold storage medium flows from the first storage area 202 to the second storage area 203 from above the solid-liquid separation structure 204 .
  • the bottom of the cold storage box 201 is provided with several protruding support parts 206 that are integrally or separately provided with the cold storage tank, and communicate with adjacent protruding support parts 206.
  • the communication channel 208 of the gap 207 can strengthen the strength of the bottom of the cold storage box 201, and on the other hand, they are used to support the solid cold storage medium.
  • the first accommodation area 202 is formed above the raised supporting parts 206.
  • the gaps 207 between the several protruding support parts 206 are connected by the channel to form the second accommodation area 203 .
  • the cold storage tank 201 is a water tank, or when the cold storage tank 201 is provided with a water tank, the raised support part 206 is located at the bottom of the water tank.
  • the raised supporting portion 206 is a raised rib
  • the connecting channel 208 is located at the end or the middle part of the raised rib
  • the gap 207 between the adjacent raised ribs is in contact with the connecting channel. 208 together constitute the second accommodation area 203 .
  • the protruding supporting parts 206 are independently provided protruding blocks, and the gaps 207 between adjacent protruding blocks communicate with each other through the connecting channel 208 to form the second receiving area 203 .
  • the bottom of the cold storage box 201 has at least one depression and a connecting channel 208 communicating with the at least one depression, above the depression is the first accommodation area 202, at least one The depression and the communication channel 208 constitute the second receiving area 203 .
  • the cold storage tank 201 is a water tank, or when the cold storage tank 201 is provided with a water tank, the depression is arranged at the bottom of the water tank; for example, the bottom plate of the water tank is wavy.
  • the cold storage unit 20 further includes at least a cooling opening 209 for adding a solid cold storage medium, and a cooling cover for opening or closing the cooling opening 209 .
  • the cooling port 209 is preferably arranged on the top or side of the cold storage unit 20, which is convenient for quickly loading a solid cooling medium, quickly storing a large amount of cooling capacity, and meeting the cooling capacity requirement of the pre-cooling process of agricultural products.
  • the cold storage unit 20 of the present invention is described by taking water as an example of a cold storage medium, which is ice cubes in a solid state and water in a liquid state.
  • a cold storage medium which is ice cubes in a solid state and water in a liquid state.
  • the temperature of the water is lower than that of cold water at about 0°; the cooling unit 30 transmits the cold water to the cooling unit 10, and the temperature rises after the cold water exchanges heat with the cooling unit 10, and then Return to the cold storage tank 201 to exchange heat with ice cubes and/or ice water.
  • the cooling unit 10 needs to be cooled after the rapid cold storage, and the ice cubes are too late to melt into enough cold water, a part of water needs to be added to the cold storage tank 201 after the ice cubes are installed, and then the Part of the water is supplied to the cooling unit 10, and the return water with a higher temperature exchanges heat with the ice cubes, and the water in the cold storage tank 201 will increase. If there is still a certain amount of time before the pre-cooled fresh-keeping box is transported to the destination and loaded with agricultural products after rapid cooling, during this period of time, some ice cubes will melt into water to form an ice-water mixture, and there is no need to add cold water at the beginning .
  • the cold storage unit 20 is also provided with a holding structure 20a for holding the solid cold storage medium.
  • the holding structure 20a is a stable frame, which is used to clamp the solid cold storage medium to prevent the solid cold storage medium from shaking and toppling during transportation.
  • the holding structure 20a is located in the first accommodation area 202, which can not only stabilize the solid cold storage medium, but also prevent the solid cold storage medium from directly hitting the cold storage box.
  • the cold storage tank 201 is provided with a water tank with an upward opening
  • the holding structure 20a is arranged on the outside of the water tank, and part of the holding structure 20a is higher than the water tank, and the solid cold storage located above the water tank
  • the medium is fixed, and at the same time, it can strengthen the strength of the water tank and prevent it from breaking.
  • the cold storage tank 201 is provided with a water tank with an upward opening, and the holding structure 20a is arranged above the water tank, which is equivalent to increasing the wall of the water tank to fix the solid cold storage medium located above the water tank, and The side wall of the water tank can stabilize the solid cold storage medium in the water tank.
  • the cold storage tank 201 is provided with an upwardly opening water tank, the holding structure 20a is located in the water tank, and part of the holding structure 20a is higher than the water tank, which can stabilize the solid cold storage medium, It also prevents the solid cold storage medium from directly hitting the water tank.
  • the holding structure 20a is preferably a grid frame, which can stabilize the solid cold storage medium without hindering the flow of the liquid cold storage medium, and is light in weight, saves materials and takes up little space.
  • the cold storage unit 20 also includes a buffer structure (not shown) located inside the box wall of the cold storage box 201 to relieve the impact force of the solid cold storage medium on the box wall.
  • the buffer structure includes at least one of a buffer pad, a traction structure, and an elastic structure.
  • the first storage area 202 and the second storage area 203 are two storage containers, and the two are communicated through a communication pipe.
  • the communication pipe is provided with a switching valve or a liquid pump to drive the cold storage medium to circulate between the first storage area 202 and the second storage area 203 .
  • the difference from the first-type cold storage box 201 mainly lies in the communication mode of the two storage areas, and the others will not be described in detail.
  • the second type of cold storage box 201, the first storage area 202 and the second storage area 203 are set independently, and the two are not connected, and the cold storage medium in the first storage area 202 is directly or indirectly Cooling capacity is provided to the cold storage medium in the second storage area 203 .
  • the difference from the first-type cold storage box 201 mainly lies in how the cold storage medium in the two storage areas conducts heat conduction, and the others will not be described in detail.
  • the second accommodation area 203 is embedded in the first accommodation area 202, or the first accommodation area 202 is embedded in the second accommodation area 203, or the second accommodation area 202
  • the accommodating area 203 is adjacent to the first accommodating area 202 , and heat is transferred between them through heat radiation.
  • the partition wall between the two accommodating areas is a plate with good thermal conductivity such as a metal wall.
  • the cold storage unit 20 further includes a heat transfer structure, a part of the heat transfer structure is located in the first storage area 202 , and another part of the heat transfer structure is located in the second storage area 203 .
  • the heat transfer structure includes but not limited to heat transfer rods, heat transfer sheets, heat pipes and the like.
  • the cold storage unit 20 further includes a bypass heat pipe communicating with the first storage area 202, a bypass pump connected to the bypass heat pipe, and a part of the bypass heat pipe Located in the second storage area 203; or, the cold storage unit 20 further includes a bypass heat pipe communicating with the second storage area 203, a bypass pump connected to the bypass heat pipe, and the bypass heat conduction pipe A part of the tube is located in the first receiving area 202 .
  • the bypass pump is activated, the liquid cold storage medium flows in the bypass heat pipe, and transfers the cooling capacity of the cold storage medium in the first storage area 202 to the cold storage medium in the second storage area 203 .
  • the added cold storage medium is in a liquid state, which is convenient for providing cooling capacity to the cooling unit 10 through the cooling unit 30.
  • the difference from the first-type cold storage unit 20 is only that the above-mentioned first storage area 202 and the second storage area 203 are the same storage area, and other details will not be repeated.
  • the present invention also provides a rapid cold storage system, which quickly adds solid cold storage medium into the cold storage box 201 , that is, completes rapid cold charging.
  • a rapid cold storage system which quickly adds solid cold storage medium into the cold storage box 201 , that is, completes rapid cold charging.
  • the cooling speed of this case is fast, and the cooling capacity is large in a short time, which can meet the pre-cooling needs of agricultural products.
  • the cooling unit 30 is a medium that transmits the cold energy stored in the cold storage medium to the cooling unit 10 .
  • the first type of cooling unit 30 is suitable for the above two types of cooling storage units 20 .
  • the cooling unit 30 is used to transmit the liquid cold storage medium to the cooling unit 10 to directly provide cooling capacity thereto.
  • the cooling unit 30 includes a heat exchanger 32 arranged at the cooling unit 10, a first transmission unit 31 for transmitting the liquid cold storage medium to the heat exchanger 32, and a drive for driving the transmission of the cold storage medium. Pump.
  • the cold storage medium performs heat exchange with the cooling unit 10 in the heat exchanger 32 without direct contact with the cooling unit 10 , which is soft heat transfer and does not damage the cooling unit 10 .
  • the cooling unit 30 further includes a second transfer unit 33 for transferring the cold storage medium from the heat exchanger 32 to the cold storage unit 20 .
  • the cooling unit 30 transmits the lower-temperature liquid cold storage medium to the heat exchanger 32 through the first transmission unit 31, and the temperature of the cold storage medium rises after exchanging heat with the cooling unit 10 in the heat exchanger 32, Return to the cold storage unit 20 through the second transmission unit 33; at the same time, the cold supply unit 30 continues to transfer the lower-temperature liquid cold storage medium to the heat exchanger 32, forming a dynamic cycle, and continuously providing cooling to the cooling unit 10. quantity.
  • the heat exchanger 32 may be a direct cooling heat exchanger, including at least one heat exchanger body 321 , and the heat exchanger body 321 includes heat exchange tubes, and preferably also includes cooling fins to increase the heat exchange area.
  • the heat exchanger 32 includes at least two heat exchanger bodies 321 , and the at least two heat exchanger bodies 321 are arranged vertically and/or horizontally. Among them, when arranged in the up and down direction, the cooling capacity released on the entire surface is relatively uniform; when arranged in the horizontal direction, it is convenient to supply cooling in different regions along the horizontal direction. For convenience, when describing the relationship between the heat exchange fan 322 and the heat exchanger body 321, at least two heat exchanger bodies 321 can also be described as a whole as: the heat exchanger body 321 includes At least two sub-heat exchanger bodies 321 distributed in the vertical direction.
  • the heat exchanger 32 can also add a heat exchange fan 322 on the basis of the direct cooling heat exchanger.
  • the heat exchange fan 322 starts to speed up the heat exchange of the heat exchanger 32;
  • the heat exchanger body 321 is located on the air outlet side or the air suction side of the heat exchange fan 322
  • the cooling unit 10 is located on the air outlet side of the heat exchange fan 322
  • the heat exchange fan 322 The purpose is to drive the air at the cooling unit 10 to exchange heat with the heat exchanger body 321 , essentially forming an air-cooled heat exchanger, suitable for the cooling unit 10 that is not afraid of cold wind.
  • the purpose of the heat exchange fan 322 is only to disturb the air around the heat exchanger 32 to speed up the heat exchange between it and the heat exchanger 32, but it is not expected that the cold wind will blow to the cooling unit 10, which is still a kind of Direct cooling heat exchanger.
  • the heat exchanger body 321 is located in the air suction area or the air outlet area of the heat exchange fan 322
  • the cooling unit 10 is located in the non-air outlet area of the heat exchange fan 322 .
  • the wind passes through the heat exchanger 32, but does not blow to the cooling unit 10, or a small amount of edge wind blows to the cooling unit 10, so as to prevent the cold wind from directly blowing to the cooling unit 10 and causing damage to it.
  • the heat exchange fan 322 is located between the heat exchanger body 321 and the cooling unit 10 , and the heat exchanger body 321 is located at the air outlet side of the heat exchange fan 322 .
  • the heat exchange fan 322 blows directly above the heat exchanger body 321
  • the cooling unit 10 is located below the heat exchange fan 322 .
  • the heat exchanger body 321 has a first side and a second side distributed on both sides of the heat exchanger body 321 along the first direction, the cooling unit 10 is located on the first side, and the heat exchanger The hot air blower 322 is disposed on one side of the heat exchanger body 321 along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction.
  • the cooling unit 10 is located below the heat exchanger body 321, and the heat exchange fan 322 is located on one side of the heat exchanger body 321 in the horizontal direction, and its output is blown to the heat exchanger body 321 horizontally, so as to avoid The cold air passing through the heat exchanger body 321 directly blows to the bottom of the heat exchanger body 321 , causing damage to the cooling unit 10 .
  • the central line of the air outlet of the heat exchange fan 322 is inclined to the second side.
  • the air from the heat exchange fan 322 blows obliquely upward to the heat exchanger body 321 , avoiding the cold air passing through the heat exchanger body 321 directly blowing to the bottom of the heat exchanger body 321 , causing damage to the cooling unit 10 .
  • the inclination angle a of the heat exchange fan 322 is greater than 0° and less than 90°; preferably between 10° and 80°, more preferably between 30° and 60°, more preferably between 40° and 50° , the wind passes through most areas of the heat exchanger body 321 , but does not blow to the cooling unit 10 .
  • the heat exchanger 32 includes at least two heat exchange fans 322 , and the at least two heat exchange fans 322 are separately arranged on the heat exchanger body 321 along the second direction. opposite sides of the set. Blowing air is blown to the heat exchanger body 321 from opposite sides at the same time, which improves the heat exchange efficiency. At the same time, the two directions of wind cancel each other out to a certain extent, so as to prevent the cold wind from blowing to the first side of the heat exchanger body 321 .
  • the center line of the air outlet of the heat exchange fan 322 is inclined to the second side, and the cross point of the center line of the air outlet of the heat exchange fan 322 arranged on opposite sides of the heat exchanger body 321 is located at the center of the heat exchanger.
  • the above-mentioned cross point can be located in the heat exchanger body 321, and the exchange Most of the area of the heat exchanger body 321 can be blown to the wind; the above-mentioned cross point can also exceed the second side of the heat exchanger body 321 and be located on the second side of the heat exchanger body 321, and the upper part of the heat exchanger body 321 cannot be blown. to the wind.
  • the inventor further researched and found that: taking the line connecting the heat exchange fans 322 on both sides of the heat exchanger body 321 as the baseline, the greater the inclination angle a of the heat exchange fans 322, the greater the distance between the intersection point and the baseline; The larger the inclination angle a of the hot air blower 322 is, the less wind blows to the cooling unit 10, and the closer it is to direct cooling. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 14 , the central axis of the air outlet of the heat exchange fan 322 is offset from the center of the heat exchanger body 321 in the direction from the first side to the second side to the first side, and the offset distance is the heat exchange within 1 time of the width of the device body 321 along the first direction.
  • the heat exchanger body 321 when the heat exchanger body 321 is located on the air outlet side of the heat exchange fan 322, the central axis of the heat exchange fan 322 and the heat exchanger body 321 along the first direction faces the first side. parts are flush.
  • the heat exchange fan 322 is located on one side of the heat exchanger body 321 in the horizontal direction and is aligned with its lower half. flat.
  • the heat exchange fan 322 is flush with the part of the heat exchanger body 321 along the central axis of the heat exchanger body 321 toward the second side, so that as much wind as possible Pass through the heat exchanger body 321 .
  • the cooling unit 10 is the part that actually receives the cooling capacity.
  • the cooling unit 10 includes a storage box 12 and a door body 13, and the storage box 12 is equipped with The heat exchange area and the storage area 14, the heat exchanger 32 is arranged in the heat exchange area, and the storage area 14 and the goods located therein are the real "cooling units" that receive cold.
  • the heat exchange area is located above the storage area 14 , the cooling capacity is supplied from top to bottom, and the temperature of the entire storage area 14 is relatively uniform.
  • the heat exchange area is located on one side of the storage area 14 in the horizontal direction, which does not affect loading and unloading.
  • the heat exchanger 32 is located on the side of the storage box 12 away from the door body 13 to avoid cold leakage.
  • the heat exchanger 32 is located at one of the door bodies 13 for easy maintenance.
  • the heat exchanger 32 includes at least one heat exchange fan 322
  • the heat exchange fan 322 is arranged on the side of the heat exchanger body 321 close to the door body 13 , and the cold air blows toward the storage box 12 inside to avoid leakage of cooling capacity.
  • the above positional relationship between the heat exchange fan 322 and the heat exchanger body 321, or the positional relationship between the heat exchange fan 322, the heat exchanger body 321 and the cooling unit 10 is also applicable to replacing the above heat exchanger body 321 with a cold storage assembly, Cold sources such as evaporators of refrigeration units.
  • the heat exchanger 32 is arranged on the top of the storage box 12, and the heat exchanger 32 is fixed on the top wall, side wall or bottom wall of the storage chamber 12 through a fixed structure;
  • the fixing methods include but are not limited to the following Several:
  • the first fixing structure is a fixing nail, and the fixing nail is fixed on the top wall of the storage box 12 through the heat exchanger from the bottom of the heat exchanger upwards.
  • the first fixing structure is a suspension structure fixed on the top wall of the storage box, and the heat exchanger is hung on the suspension structure.
  • the heat exchanger 32 is indirectly fixed in the storage box through the second fixing structure 324 .
  • the second fixing structure 324 includes a keel frame and a fixing frame for fixing the keel frame in the storage box.
  • the keel frame includes criss-cross brackets, and the bearing capacity is strong enough to fix the heat exchanger on the keel frame.
  • This fixing method can be fixed on the keel plus by fixing nails, or hang the heat exchanger on the suspension structure of the keel.
  • the second fixing structure 324 includes at least one sliding frame 3241, a fixing frame 3242 for fixing the sliding frame 3241, and the heat exchanger is supported on the sliding frame 3241, for example Pushing the heat exchanger from one end of the sliding frame 3241 to the other end to a suitable position, the installation is easy, and it is convenient to install multiple heat exchangers on the same group of sliding frames 3241 .
  • the mobile fresh-keeping box includes at least two cooling units, or the cooling unit includes at least two heat exchangers, that is, when a plurality of heat exchangers are fixed on the top of the storage box, at least Two heat exchangers are fixed on the same keel or sliding frame 3241 , or different heat exchangers are fixed on different keel frames or sliding frames 3241 .
  • the fixing frame 3242 is at least one hanger that fixes the keel frame or the sliding frame to the top wall of the storage box, or fixes the keel frame or the sliding frame At least one side bracket fixed to the side wall of the storage box, or at least two support frames to fix the keel frame or the sliding frame to the bottom wall of the storage box.
  • the support frame is arranged close to the side wall of the storage box.
  • the second fixing structure 324 includes at least two sliding frames arranged at intervals, and each sliding frame is fixed by at least two fixing frames. And extending in the extending direction of the sliding frame, the fixing frames of the two sliding frames are aligned or misaligned.
  • the first transmission unit 31 may also be called a liquid supply pipe
  • the second transmission unit 33 may be called a liquid return pipe
  • the liquid cold storage medium circulates between the cold storage tank 201 and the heat exchanger 32 under the action of the driving pump. The following will focus on the connection relationship between the first transmission unit 31 , the second transmission unit 33 and the cold storage unit 20 .
  • the first type of cold storage unit 20 connected to the first storage area 202 and the second storage area 203 is connected in the following manner: in a preferred embodiment, the first transmission unit 31 communicates with the second storage area 203 , Ensure that there is sufficient liquid storage medium flow to prevent the drive pump from idling and entering air.
  • the second transmission unit 33 communicates with the first storage area 202 , and the returned high-temperature cold storage medium exchanges heat with the solid and/or liquid cold storage medium in the first storage area 202 .
  • the return port of the second transmission unit 33 is located above the first storage area 202, and the returned cold storage medium enters the first storage area 202 downward from the top, and is combined with the solid and/or liquid cold storage medium.
  • the medium is fully heat exchanged.
  • the return port of the second transmission unit 33 may also be located in the middle and lower part of the first accommodation area 202 .
  • the second transmission unit 33 includes a return pipe 331 located above the first storage area 202302 , and several return ports are arranged on the return pipe 331 .
  • the caliber of the return ports increases, and/or the density of the return ports increases.
  • the increase in arrangement density includes an increase in the number of the return ports, a decrease in the distance between the return ports, and the like.
  • the second transmission unit 33 may also communicate with the second storage area 203 .
  • the connection between the second transmission unit 33 and the second storage area 203 is higher than the connection between the first transmission unit 31 and the second storage area 203 .
  • the communication manner between the second transmission unit 33 and the second storage area 203 is the same as that of the above-mentioned second transmission unit 33 and the first storage area 202 , which will not be repeated here.
  • the second type of cold storage unit 20 that is not connected to the first storage area 202 and the second storage area 203 is connected in the following way: the first transmission unit 31 and the second transmission unit 33 are both connected to the first storage area 202, and the connection mode is the same as
  • the connection modes in the above-mentioned first type of embodiments are the same, and will not be repeated here.
  • one or more heat exchangers can be connected in series between each group of first transmission unit 31 and second transmission unit 33, and multiple heat exchangers 32 in series can supply cooling to a storage area. It is also possible to supply cooling to several different storage areas 14 . In a preferred embodiment, each storage area 14 is cooled by a set of first transmission unit and second transmission unit, and one or more heat exchangers connected thereto are independently controlled for cooling.
  • the second type of cooling unit 30 includes a circulation pipeline, a cooling medium flowing in the circulation pipeline, and a driving element driving the cooling medium to flow in the circulation pipeline.
  • the driving element is a water pump; when the cooling medium is gaseous, the driving element is a fan.
  • a part of the circulation pipeline is heat-conductively arranged with the cold storage unit 20 , for example, a part of the circulation pipeline is located in the cold storage unit 20 and is in direct contact with the cold storage medium.
  • the other part of the circulation pipeline is arranged in heat conduction with the cooling unit 10 .
  • the cooling unit 30 also includes a heat exchanger 32 connected to the circulation pipeline, the heat exchanger 32 and its heat exchange method with the cooling unit 10 refer to the first type of cooling unit 30, No more details here.
  • the pre-cooling fresh-keeping box 100 includes at least any two of the above-mentioned cooling units 30, which can provide cooling capacity to the cooling unit 10 through at least two cooling methods. On the one hand, it can adapt to different cooling units 10. On the other hand, when the cooling unit 10 needs a large amount of cooling capacity, open at least two cooling units 30, and when the cooling capacity of the cooling unit 10 is not large, choose one of them to provide cooling capacity.
  • the above-mentioned heat conduction arrangement and heat conduction connection refer to: the two can conduct heat exchange directly or indirectly.
  • any one of the above-mentioned cold storage units 20 can be used in conjunction with any one of the above-mentioned cooling units 30 to form a cold storage and cooling system.
  • a friendly low-temperature environment is provided for agricultural products such as fruits, which is equivalent to storing fruits in a winter environment.
  • the present invention realizes rapid cold storage by adding a solid cold storage medium into the cold storage box 201 . After the goods are added to the storage box 12, the cold energy is quickly supplied to the storage box 12 by the cooling unit 30 to realize pre-cooling;
  • the second cooling mode provides cooling capacity and enters the refrigeration or freezing stage. Wherein, the cooling capacity in the pre-cooling stage is greater than that in the refrigerating or freezing stage.
  • the heat exchanger 32 When there is a heat exchanger 32 on the top of the storage box, the heat exchanger 32 leaves the installation position where the first slide rail 71 is installed, or the first slide rail is located below the heat exchanger 32 .
  • the leak-proof cold curtain 73 is moved between the adjacent heat exchangers 32, and the heat exchanger 32 on the side away from the opening of the leak-proof cold curtain 73 is opened to provide cooling capacity for the cargo;
  • the heat exchanger 32 on the side facing the opening is closed by the anti-leakage cooling curtain 73 to prevent leakage of cold.
  • the first batch of goods only occupies the volume of two rows of cargo boxes; at this time, the second slide rail 72 farthest from the opening is moved to the two rows On the side of the cargo facing the opening, the second anti-leakage cooling curtain 73 is unfolded; to prevent the loaded cargo from leaking cold to the outside.
  • the heat exchanger 32 located on the side of the second anti-leakage cooling curtain 73 away from the opening can be opened to supply cold to the cargo inside, maintain its temperature or cool it down.
  • the door is opened, and the first batch of goods is protected under the premise that the second anti-leakage cold curtain 73 is kept in an unfolded state to prevent it from leaking cold outwards, and the loading is continued until the second batch of goods is transported.
  • the second slide rail 72 is moved to the outside of the second batch of goods, and the first leak-proof cold curtain 73 is unfolded to protect the second batch of goods.
  • the outermost first leak-proof cold curtain 73 protects the goods inside. If the goods between the outermost first leak-proof cold curtain 73 and the door body are not less than the current unloading volume, there is no need to open it The first leak-proof cold curtain 73 . If the goods between the outermost first anti-leakage cold curtain 73 and the door body are less than the current unloading capacity, a part of the anti-leakage cold curtain 73 can be slid to open to allow an unloading passage to unload other goods from the unloading passage.
  • the first leak-proof cold curtain 73 is launched to protect it, if not, then There is no need to deploy the first anti-leakage cold curtain 73 any more. Internal unloading is similar to the above and will not be repeated.
  • the mobile fresh-keeping box 100 of the present invention can be transported by car, and as long as there is a road, it can reach the agricultural product base, which is very close to the product picking place. And pre-cooling is realized through the large amount of cold stored in the cold storage unit 20.
  • the pre-cooling process is not limited by whether the product base has a power supply or a refilling machine, and the pre-cooling at the production site can be realized.
  • the goods are directly loaded from the source and delivered directly to the destination, which avoids the intermediate turnover process of traditional cold chain vehicles and greatly improves the transportation efficiency.
  • the cooling unit 30 is turned on to enter the pre-cooling process, that is, the agricultural products do not need to be pulled to the cold storage for pre-cooling, and can be packed in the agricultural product base. Pre-cooling, timely lock freshness, to ensure the taste and quality.
  • the goods can enter the transportation process after they are filled and closed, and the pre-cooling and fresh-keeping processes are carried out during transportation.
  • ground unloading, only one handling, the damage rate caused by the collision of the goods is greatly reduced; and the goods are pre-cooled and refrigerated/frozen in the pre-cooled fresh-keeping box, and the whole process is in the refrigerated or frozen environment provided by the cooling unit 30, ensuring the whole process
  • the cold chain is continuous; this cannot be crossed or realized in the current cold transportation.
  • the cold storage unit 20 is used to load a large amount of solid cold storage medium to meet the demand for precooling of cargo, but this part of the cold storage medium will increase the transportation cost. Moreover, during the above-mentioned cooling or cooling process, the solid cold storage medium melts, and the amount of liquid cold storage medium increases, which is easy to shake and escape during transportation. For this reason, the present invention further sets the discharge unit 40 to discharge the liquid cold storage medium to the outside.
  • the present invention can reduce the amount of solid cold storage medium added at one time, discharge it after it melts, and re-add the solid cold storage medium, that is, batch Add the solid cold storage medium once, reduce the volume or weight of the cold storage unit 20, and increase the cargo capacity; Reduce weight and reduce shipping costs.
  • discharge unit 40 is an optional unit that can be closed or removed as needed.
  • the discharge unit 40 includes a first discharge port 401 communicating with the cold storage unit 20, or, the discharge unit 40 includes a first discharge port 401 communicating with the cold storage unit 20, and The first discharge pipe 402 communicates with the first discharge port 401 .
  • the first discharge port 401 is opened on the cold storage box 201 .
  • the height difference between the first discharge port 401 and the bottom of the cold storage unit 20 is ⁇ 20 cm, preferably equal to or greater than 40 cm, preferably ⁇ 50 cm, preferably ⁇ 60 cm, preferably ⁇ 50 cm, preferably ⁇ 80 cm, preferably ⁇ 90 cm, preferably ⁇ 100 cm, to ensure that there is sufficient liquid cold storage medium in the cold storage unit 20 so as not to affect the circulating cooling supply.
  • the first discharge port 401 communicates with the first storage area 202 , or the first discharge port 401 communicates with the second storage area 203 .
  • the discharge unit 40 further includes a first discharge port 401' opened on the first transmission unit 31; or, the discharge unit further includes a first discharge pipe 402' connected to the first transmission unit 31.
  • the first discharge port 401' and the first discharge pipe 402' can also discharge sewage to the outside, or discharge the cold storage medium that has released cold energy after the transportation is completed.
  • the discharge unit 40 also includes a first discharge valve for opening or closing the first discharge port 401/401' or the first discharge pipe 402/402'.
  • the discharge can be controlled in terms of time, space and temperature.
  • the discharge can be performed in at least one of the pre-cooling, refrigerating or freezing stages, preferably after the pre-cooling is completed and before the goods are pulled back to reduce the power consumption of the vehicle.
  • discharge in the wilderness, avoiding toll stations, urban areas and other areas.
  • the discharge unit also includes a second discharge port 403 opened on the second transmission unit 33, and a second discharge valve that opens or closes the second discharge port 403; or, the discharge unit also includes a second discharge valve connected to the second transmission unit.
  • the second discharge pipe 404 on the unit 33, the second discharge valve of the second discharge pipe 404 is opened or closed.
  • the cold storage medium is preferably discharged from the second transmission unit 33 , which can prevent the returning cold storage medium from being discharged after heat exchange with the solid cold storage medium, and avoid loss of cooling capacity.
  • the discharge unit further includes a sensor for detecting the amount of the liquid cold storage medium in the storage box 12 .
  • the second discharge valve is opened to discharge the cold storage medium outward with all efforts.
  • the second discharge valve is half-opened, and part of the returned cold storage medium is discharged to the outside, and part of the cold storage medium flows back into the cold storage unit 20 to avoid The liquid cold storage medium in the cold storage tank 201 decreases sharply.
  • the second discharge valve is closed, and all the cold storage medium flows back into the cold storage unit 20 .
  • the discharge unit further includes a first device for detecting the temperature of the cold storage medium in the second state in the cold storage unit 20 or the temperature of the cold storage medium in the first transmission unit 31 .
  • sensor the second sensor used to detect the temperature of the cold storage medium in the second transmission unit 33 or the unit requiring cooling, if the temperature of the cold storage medium measured by the first sensor is low, the second discharge valve is opened; the second When the temperature measured by a sensor is low, the first discharge valve is opened to preferentially discharge the cold storage medium with high temperature to avoid waste of cooling capacity.
  • the present invention refers to the modular arrangement of the cold storage unit 20 as a cold storage module.
  • the cold storage module includes any of the above-mentioned cold storage units 20.
  • the cold storage module also includes a At least one set of cooling interface ports for the outflow and return of the liquid cold storage medium.
  • the cooling unit includes a cooling interface connected to the cooling interface to transmit the cooling capacity of the cold storage medium to the cooling unit 10 .
  • the cooling interface port through which the liquid cold storage medium flows out communicates with the first transmission unit 31 , and its communication with the cold storage tank 201 is the same as that between the first transmission unit 31 and the cold storage tank 201 .
  • the cooling port for the return flow of the liquid cold storage medium communicates with the second transmission unit 33 , and its connection with the cold storage tank 201 is the same as that between the second transmission unit 33 and the cold storage tank 201 .
  • the cold storage module may also include at least a part of the cooling unit 30, for example, the return pipe 331 of the cooling unit 30 and the return port provided thereon may be used as a part of the cold storage module.
  • the cold storage module may also include any discharge unit 40 described above.
  • the cold storage module can cooperate with at least one cooling unit 10 and at least one cooling unit 30 to form the mobile fresh-keeping box.
  • the cooling units 30 correspond to the cooling units 10 one by one, and each cooling unit 30 provides cooling capacity to one or more cooling units 10 corresponding thereto.
  • the cooling unit 10 includes a storage box 12 with one or more storage areas 14 inside the storage box 12 .
  • all the storage areas 14 are located on the same side of the cold storage unit 20 ; or, the cold storage unit 20 is located in the middle of the at least one storage area 14 .
  • the cold storage unit 20 is located on one side of the storage box 12, and all storage areas 14 are located on the same side, or the cold storage unit 20 It is arranged in the middle of the storage box 12 and provides cold energy to the storage areas 14 on both sides. Or for example, a plurality of storage boxes 12 are arranged around the cold storage unit 20 .
  • the cooling opening 209 is arranged on the wall of the cold storage unit 20 located in part of the storage box 12 , or the cooling opening 209 is arranged on the wall adjacent to or shared by the cold storage unit 20 and part of the storage box 12 On the wall, at this time, the cooling port 209 is open to the storage box 12, which can avoid unnecessary cold leakage, and it is necessary to pass through the storage box 12 to add storage to the cold storage unit 20 cold medium.
  • the cold storage port 209 is arranged on the wall of the cold storage unit 20 exposed to the outside of the mobile fresh-keeping box 100, and the cold storage medium can be added while loading and unloading goods into the storage box 12, and it is also convenient to replenish the storage medium in the middle. cold medium.
  • the air in the storage box 12 needs to be replaced during transportation.
  • an air inlet window is usually provided at the front of the storage box 12, and the air inlet window is opened for about ten hours of transportation to allow air to quickly enter the storage box 12 during transportation.
  • the gas environment in the storage box 12 is poor; on the other hand, the high-temperature gas passing through the storage box 12 will increase the temperature in the storage box 12, and the cold chain transportation will be broken.
  • the pre-cooling fresh-keeping box further includes a ventilation assembly, which includes a first opening arranged on the front side of the storage box 12 of the pre-cooling fresh-keeping box, and a second opening on the rear side.
  • a ventilation assembly which includes a first opening arranged on the front side of the storage box 12 of the pre-cooling fresh-keeping box, and a second opening on the rear side.
  • the first opening is set to: at a moving speed of 60-90 km/h, the air intake per hour is between 0.2 and 2 times the volume of the mobile fresh-keeping box, or the air intake per hour can make The air in the box is replaced between 0.3 rounds and 5 rounds.
  • the area of the first opening is equivalent to a circle with the same area, the diameter is 1-3 cm.
  • the area of the first opening is smaller than the area of the second opening, so that air can controllably enter the box and then be naturally discharged outside.
  • the anti-leakage components 11 are provided with ventilation holes.
  • the ventilation holes on the anti-leakage cooling assembly 11 near the first opening are smaller than the ventilation holes on the anti-leakage cooling assembly 11 near the second opening.
  • the shielding part matched with the ventilation hole, the area of the shielding part is larger than the area of the ventilation hole, and the upper part of the shielding part is a fixed end, and the rest are free ends, so that when loading, the shielding part can be placed under the force of gravity.
  • the ventilation holes are effectively covered to reduce the risk of cooling leakage from the ventilation holes.
  • the shielding part is blown up by the wind to facilitate air circulation.
  • the high-temperature air cools down first and then enters the storage area 14 of the storage box 12, so as to avoid temperature fluctuations in the box.
  • the cold storage unit 20 is arranged on the front side of the storage box 12, and there is a communication port for air circulation between the storage box 12 and the cold storage unit 20, and the first An opening communicates with the cold storage unit 20 . After the air enters from the first opening, it first passes through the cold storage box 201, exchanges heat with the cold storage medium, and then enters the storage box 12 at the back after the temperature drops, so as to avoid the temperature fluctuation in the storage box 12 being relatively large. big.
  • the cold storage unit 20 is arranged on the front side of the storage box 12, and the cold storage unit 20 is provided with air inlet holes for air to enter, and air outlet holes for air to flow out.
  • the through hole, the air outlet through hole communicates with the first opening, the air enters the cold storage unit 20 first, and then enters the storage box 12 through the first opening after the temperature drops.
  • the incoming air exchanges heat with a part of the cooling component, and then enters the storage box 12 after the temperature is lowered, so as to avoid large temperature fluctuations in the storage box 12 .
  • the air entering from the first opening is set in heat exchange with the first transmission unit 31
  • the air entering from the first opening is set in heat exchange with the second transmission unit 33 and/or, the air enters through the first opening and exchanges heat with at least part of the heat exchanger 32 before entering the storage area 14 of the storage box 12 .
  • the ventilation assembly includes a fresh air heat exchanger connected to the first transmission unit 31 or the second transmission unit 33, and the air entering through the first opening exchanges heat with the fresh air heat exchanger .
  • the air entering through the first opening enters the storage box 12 after exchanging heat with the discharge unit 40 .
  • the air entering from the first opening exchanges heat with at least a part of the first discharge pipe 402; and/or, the air entering from the first opening exchanges heat with the second discharge pipe 404 At least a part of the heat exchange.
  • the ventilation assembly includes a fresh air heat exchanger connected to the first discharge pipe 402 or the second discharge pipe 404, and the air entering through the first opening exchanges heat with the fresh air heat exchanger.
  • the fresh air heat exchanger includes at least heat exchange tubes and heat exchange fins.
  • the humidifying unit 50 is used to provide suitable humidity for the agricultural products, and it is an unnecessary unit, which can be removed or closed.
  • the humidifying unit 50 is preferably a non-heating humidifier, or an isothermal humidifier, such as an ultrasonic humidifier, a high-pressure pump jet humidifier, and the like. Of course, other humidifiers can also be used.
  • the humidifying unit includes a humidifier 501 and a humidifying pipe 503 communicating with the humidifier 501 to discharge water vapor or mist to the outside.
  • the storage box 12 is humidified through the humidifying pipe 503 .
  • the humidifying pipe extends into the storage box 12 , and at least one spray head 504 is provided in each storage area 143 to humidify the corresponding storage area 143 .
  • the shower head is an electronically controlled shower head, which can individually control the humidification of each storage area 143 .
  • a plurality of humidification pipes connected to the humidifier may also be arranged, each humidification pipe humidifies a storage area, and the humidity control is more precise.
  • the water adding pipe 502 communicated with the water tank of the humidifier is used to add water thereto.
  • the cold storage medium is water, which is provided with low-temperature water through the cold storage unit 20 or the cooling supply unit 30, so as to prevent the temperature of the storage area 14 from increasing during the humidification process.
  • the other end of the water adding pipe 502 communicates with the cold storage unit 20 , specifically, the water adding pipe 502 communicates with the first storage area 202 or the second storage area 203 .
  • the water adding pipe 502 is connected to the circulation pipeline of the cooling unit 30 through a tee to provide low temperature water to the humidifier.
  • the other end of the water adding pipe 502 communicates with the first transmission unit 31 or the second transmission unit 33 .
  • the other end of the water adding pipe 502 communicates with the discharge unit 10 . Specifically, the other end of the water adding pipe 502 communicates with the first discharge port 401 or the first discharge pipe 402; or, the other end of the water adding pipe 502 communicates with the second discharge port 403 or the second The discharge pipe 404 communicates.
  • the water tank of the humidifier 501 is set in heat exchange with the cold storage unit, and cold energy is obtained from the cold storage unit.
  • the water tank of the humidifier 501 can be embedded in the cold storage unit 20; or, the water tank of the humidifier 501 is arranged adjacent to the cold storage unit 20; or, the humidification unit 50 also includes a cold transfer tube, a cold transfer medium flowing in the cold transfer tube, and a driving element that drives the cold transfer medium to flow in the cold transfer tube.
  • a part of the cold transfer tube is thermally connected to the cold storage unit 20, for example A part of the cold transfer tube is located in the cold storage unit 20 , preferably in direct contact with the cold storage medium; the other part of the cold transfer tube is located in the water tank of the humidifier 501 or wound on the water tank of the humidifier 501 .
  • the humidifying pipe 503 is arranged adjacent to the first transmission unit 31 or the heat exchanger 32 or the second transmission unit 33, and the temperature of the sprayed water mist or moisture is low.
  • the humidification unit 50 also includes an overflow pipe 505 communicating with the water tank of the humidifier 501, the other end of the overflow pipe 505 communicates with the cold storage unit 20, or the other end of the overflow pipe 505 leads to the Described mobile fresh-keeping box 100 outside.
  • an electric valve can also be provided on the water adding pipe 502 to control whether to add water according to the water level of the humidifier water tank tested by a water level meter or the like.
  • the humidification unit 50 also includes a humidity sensor located in the storage box 12, the humidifier and the humidity sensor are both in communication with the electronic control unit, and the electronic control unit controls the humidification through the humidity obtained by the humidity sensor. The working status of the unit.
  • the present invention also provides a cold chain vehicle, including a vehicle, and any one of the above-mentioned mobile fresh-keeping boxes located on the vehicle.
  • the vehicles include cars, boats, airplanes and the like.

Abstract

一种移动式保鲜箱及具有其的冷链运载工具，移动式保鲜箱包括需冷单元（10），包括由至少一个防漏冷组件（11）分隔形成的若干子需冷单元；储冷单元（20），内设有液态和/或固态的储冷介质；供冷单元（30），将液态的储冷介质传输至每一子需冷单元，并将与子需冷单元热交换后的储冷介质传输至储冷单元（20）；电控单元（60），与供冷单元（30）通讯连接，且给其中至少一子需冷单元提供液态的储冷介质是独立控制的。该移动式保鲜箱及具有其的冷链运载工具通过防漏冷组件将需冷单元分隔形成若干子需冷单元，并通过供冷单元给至少一部分子需冷单元单独供冷，实现分区供冷，使用场景更灵活。

Description

移动式保鲜箱及具有其的冷链运载工具 技术领域
本发明涉及一种移动式保鲜箱及具有其的冷链运载工具。
背景技术
冷链运输是保证农产品新鲜品质的关键因素之一。
现有的链运输，冷藏车通过制冷机组供冷，具体通过蒸发风机向整个箱体内吹冷风，因此只有在整个车厢装满货物时，才能启动制冷机组；在集货速度慢的情况下，先装入车厢内的货物容易坏掉。
有鉴于此，有必要提供一种改进的移动式保鲜箱及冷链运输车。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种移动式保鲜箱及具有其的冷链运载工具。
为解决上述技术问题之一，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种移动式保鲜箱，包括需冷单元，包括由至少一个防漏冷组件分隔形成的若干子需冷单元；储冷单元，内设有液态和/或固态的储冷介质；供冷单元，将液态的储冷介质传输至每一子需冷单元，并将与所述子需冷单元热交换后的储冷介质传输至储冷单元；电控单元，与所述供冷单元通讯连接，且给其中至少一子需冷单元提供液态的储冷介质是独立控制的。
本发明的有益效果：本发明通过防漏冷组件将需冷单元分隔形成的若干子需冷单元，并通过供冷单元给至少一部分子蓄冷单元单独供冷，实现分区供冷，使用场景更灵活。
附图说明
图1是本发明较佳实施例的移动式保鲜箱的立体图；
图2是图1于另一角度的示意图，为了显示内部结构省略了一个门体；
图3是图1去除箱体后的结构示意图；
图4是图3于另一角度的结构示意图；
图5是图2于另一角度示意图；
图6是图5局部放大图；
图7是本发明的水箱的结构示意图；
图8是本发明另一实施例的水箱的结构示意图；
图9是图8沿A-A方向的截面图；
图10是本发明另一实施例的水箱的结构示意图；
图11是图10沿B-B方向的截面图；
图12是本方面另一实施例的水箱的结构示意图；
图13是本发明一实施例中的换热器本体和换热风机的示意图；
图14是本发明另一实施例中的换热器本体和换热风机的示意图；
图15是本发明另一实施例中的换热器本体和换热风机的示意图；
图16是本发明一实施中安装换热器的示意图；
图17是本发明一实施例中储冷单元、供冷单元和排放单元的示意图；
图18是本实用新型一较佳实施例的冷链箱的立体图，未图示门体
图19是图18中的冷链箱于开口侧的示意图；
图20是图19的截面图；
图21是本实用新型的防漏冷组件含一个第二滑轨、防漏冷帘的示意图；
图22是图21的分解图；
图23是本实用新型另一较佳实施例的冷链箱的于图19视角的示意图。
具体实施方式
以下将结合附图所示的实施方式对本发明进行详细描述。但该实施方式并不限制本发明，本领域的普通技术人员根据该实施方式所做出的结构、方法、或功能上的变换均包含在本发明的保护范围内。
请参图1至图17所示，为本发明移动式保鲜箱100的较佳实施例。所述移动式保鲜箱100，用以冷链运输，可以给货物预冷和/或保鲜。
所述移动式保鲜箱100包括储物箱12需冷单元10、储冷单元20、需冷单元10、供冷单元30、排放单元40、加湿单元50和电控单元60。其中，所述移动式保鲜箱100可以为一个整体，也可以由各个独立的模块组装形成。
所述需冷单元10包括任意需要冷量的单元。所述需冷单元10为一个整体，或需冷单元10包括由至少一个防漏冷组件11分隔形成的若干子需冷单元，所述供冷单元将冷量传输至每一子需冷单元，且给其中至少一子需冷单元提供冷量是独立控制的，实现分块供冷，使用场景更灵活。
第一类实施例中，所述需冷单元10包括储物箱12、打开或关闭储物箱12的至少一个门体13，所述储物箱12为保温箱体。所述储物箱12用以储存农产品，所述供冷单元30向储物箱12内提供冷量，给农产品进行预冷和/或保鲜。
进一步地，所述子需冷单元为通过至少一个防漏冷组件11将所述储物箱12分隔形成的若干储物区14。一方面，将货物装满一储物区14后，即可以将与该储物区14对应的防漏冷组件11关闭，启动供冷单元30给该储物区14供冷，给该储物区14内的货物进行预冷和/或保鲜；实现先装先预冷和/或保鲜。另一方面，在装货和卸货时，防漏冷组件11可有效阻止已进入预冷或冷藏或冷冻状态的储物区14的冷量泄露，降低能耗，同时可以直接从货源地装货，并直接运送到目的地，避免了传统冷链车中间周转过程，极大地提高了运输效率。
本实施例中，若干防漏冷组件11沿储物箱12纵长方向间隔设置，且防漏冷组件11与门体13大体上平行设置。从距门体13最远的储物区14开始逐个装满若干储物区14，且装满一个储物区14就开始预冷一个储物区14内的货物。当然在其他实施例中，所述门体13也可以设置于储物箱12的侧面，从而门体13和防漏冷组件11呈垂直设置。
一实施例中，所述防漏冷组件11为柔性防漏冷组件，设置简单且柔性可变形，使用场景更优，例如门帘。为避免储物区14的冷量向外泄露，所述柔性防漏冷组件沿上下方向的长度不小于优选大于储物箱12的高度；所述柔性防漏冷组件的宽度不小于优选大于储物箱12的宽度，从而保证柔性防漏冷组件的上下两侧和左右两侧均能够和储物箱12内壁配合密封以减小或密封柔性防漏冷组件和储物箱12之间的间隙，进而降低漏冷量。
进一步地，柔性防漏冷组件沿上下方向的长度设置更长一些，当需要向储物区14放入的货物较多时，柔性防漏冷组件的顶部向外倾斜，可暂时性增大储物区14的空间。优选地，柔性防 漏冷组件沿上下方向的长度小于等于储物箱12的高度的1.5倍，过长会在底部堆叠，给装卸货带来不便，且货物的量超过了该扩容空间后的容积，应该将多出的部分放入下一储物区。更优选地，小于等于储物箱12的高度的(1+√2)/2倍，即柔性防漏冷组件的上半部分呈45°向外倾斜。
为进一步降低漏冷风险，柔性防漏冷组件的左右两侧可采用魔术贴或磁性贴的方式与储物箱12内壁固定。而柔性防漏冷组件下方则无需与储物箱12底壁固定，柔性防漏冷组件在自身重力作用下可以保证贴合至储物箱12底壁。
另外，所述防漏冷组件11的材质可以根据储物区14存放货物的种类选择是否采保温防漏冷组件11。若储物区14需要的温度较低，例如0℃及以下，优选防漏冷组件11。并且，当相邻的储物区14内的货物种类相同或需要的保藏温度相近时，无需采用防漏冷组件11，并且在装货完成时，相邻储物区14之间可以借助热交换迅速实现温度平衡。当相邻储物区14的货物不同时，对应的保藏温度也不同，采用防漏冷组件11，可以有效隔绝相邻储物区14之间的热传递，保证每一储物区14的温度稳定，实现多温区储货功能。
进一步地，为了自动化分区供冷，所述电控单元包括用以检测所述储物区14是否处于封闭状态的传感器。具体地，所述防漏冷组件11具有打开储物区14的打开状态、封闭储物区14的封闭状态，所述传感器包括用以检测防漏冷组件11是否处于封闭状态的行程开关、光敏传感器、压力传感器、红外传感器。
另外，考虑的装货的实情况：集散地不能保证集货量能够一次性装满一个子需冷单元，而卸货时不能保证一次性将一个子需冷单元货全部卸完。
请参考图18～图23所示，所述防漏冷组件7包括位于所述储物箱12上的至少一个第一滑轨71、滑动设置于所述第一滑轨71上的至少一个第二滑轨72、滑动设置于所述第二滑轨72上的至少一个防漏冷帘73，所述防漏冷帘73可移动到储物箱12内的任意位置处形成不固定的储物区14。所述防漏冷帘73在所述第二滑轨72上滑动时在折叠状态/非遮蔽状态和展开状态/遮蔽状态之间切换。
优选地，所述第一滑轨71自储物箱12的开口向背离所述开口的一侧延伸，从内向外装货时，货装到什么位置，就将所述防漏冷帘73滑动到对应的位置。卸货过程中，需要卸载多少货，就可以将防漏冷帘73移动到相应的位置处，对当下无需卸载的货物进行保护。
本实施例中，所述第一滑轨71的数量为至少3个，分别从两侧、中间对所述第二滑轨72进行承重，防止其中间部分下沉形缝隙造成漏冷。
所述防漏冷组件7还包括滑动连接所述第二滑轨72与所述第一滑轨71的滑移组件74，所述滑移组件74包括滑移板741、固定于所述滑移板741上的第一滑移件742，所述第一滑移件742的至少一部分滑动设置于所述第一滑轨71的第一滑槽内。
所述滑移板741设有用以收容所述第一滑轨71的滑移孔743、位于所述滑移孔743下方的固定板744，所述第一滑轨71位于所述滑移孔743内，所述滑移件固定于所述固定板744上，且所述滑移件的一部分伸入到所述第一滑槽内滑动。
所述第二滑轨72优选为至少两个，方便多次装货、多次卸货。
进一步地，所述防漏冷帘73包括间隔固定于所述防漏冷帘73顶部的若干第二滑移件731，所述第二滑移件731的至少一部分滑动设置于所述第二滑轨72的第二滑槽内。若干所述第二滑 移件731沿所述第二滑轨72移动时，折叠或打开所述防漏冷帘73。
优选地，所述第一滑移件742、所述第二滑移件731均为滑轮，摩擦力小，便于操作。
如图19～图23所示的实施例中，所述防漏冷帘73的数量为1个时，从所述第二滑轨72的一侧向另一侧拉动展开或折叠所述防漏冷帘73；所述防漏冷帘73为至少两个时，还可以从中间向两边打开所述防漏冷帘73。
另外，所述防漏冷组件7还包括设置于所述防漏冷帘73的边缘部的至少一个第一固定件75、与所述第一固定件75可拆卸连接以将所述防漏冷帘73的边缘部与所述储物箱12相固定的第二固定件76，所述第二固定件76设置于所述储物箱12上。同时，所述第一固定件75、所述第二固定件76的配合还起到将所述防漏冷帘73固定在相应位置的作用，防止其在外力下移动。
优选地，所述第一固定件75设置于所述防漏冷帘73的底部，所述第二固定件76设置于所述储物箱12的底部，防止储物箱12内底部的冷空气向外泄漏。具体地，所述第一固定件75沿所述防漏冷帘73宽度延伸设置，或，所述第一固定件75包括沿所述防漏冷帘73的宽度方向间隔设置的若干子固定件；因此可将所述防漏冷帘73宽度方向上的不同位置处与所述第二固定件76固定。
或，所述第一固定件75设置于所述防漏冷帘73宽度方向的端侧部，所述第二固定件76设置于所述储物箱12的侧壁上，防止储物箱12内的冷空气从侧壁处向外泄漏。具体地，所述第一固定件75沿所述防漏冷帘73高度方向延伸设置，或，所述第一固定件75包括沿所述防漏冷帘73的高度方向间隔设置的若干子固定件；因此可将所述防漏冷帘73高度方向上的不同位置处与所述第二固定件76固定，固定效果好。
或，所述第一固定件75同时设置于所述防漏冷帘73的底部和宽度方向的端侧部，所述防漏冷帘73的底部边缘、侧部边缘处均不会漏冷。
基于上述实施例，所述第一固定件75、第二固定件76为相互配合的结合结构，例如磁吸件、魔术贴、相互配合的挂钩或挂环、定位销与定位结构。
另外，防漏冷组件2还包括位于储物箱12靠近开口的位置处的挡板，挡板自储物箱12的底壁向上延伸，储物箱12内的冷风从底部流向门口时，在挡板的作用下向上向内返回到储物箱12内。优选地，挡板12背离门口的一面为凹弧面。
因为挡板太高了储物箱12的开口处的高度，可在储物箱12外侧装设一个可折叠的踏板，方便装卸货。
第二类实施例中，所述子需冷单元为相互独立设置的若干储物箱12，每一储物箱12均可以采用第一类实施例中的储物箱12，其内部可以分区或不分区。
所述储冷单元20是所述移动式保鲜箱100的冷量库。所述储冷单元20包括储冷箱201，所述储冷箱201用以装载储冷介质。
储冷箱201的结构和形状不限，用以收容所述储冷介质并对储冷介质起到保温的作用。储冷介质用以存储大量的冷量，并通过所述供冷单元30向所述需冷单元10提供冷量。
所述储冷介质既包括单组分储冷介质，例如水、醇等；也包括多组分的储冷介质，例如盐水系混合物、醇水系混合物、盐-醇-水系混合物。可以根据需要的冷量及其温度控制范围选择合适的储冷介质。
本发明中，所述储冷介质具有固态和液态。固态比液态稳定，既包括物理存储的形态稳定性，也包括能量上的低熵稳定，但固态不便于传输，液态的储冷介质方便传输至需冷单元10处直接向其提供冷量。固态储冷介质吸收热量发生相变成为液态时会吸收大量的热量，也即向外释放大量的冷量。
所述储冷箱201的材质不限，但优选强度高且不易被腐蚀的材质，例如不锈钢箱体、或PP材质箱体、或ABS材质箱体、或玻璃钢材质箱体。
所述储冷箱201包括用以容纳固态和/或液态的储冷介质的第一容纳区202，固态储冷介质一段时间后会融化变成液态。优选地，所述储冷箱201还包括用以容纳液态的储冷介质的第二容纳区203，一定量的液态的储冷介质储存于第二容纳区203，以保证随时可以给需冷单元10提供冷量。
第一类储冷箱201中，所述第二容纳区203与所述第一容纳区202连通，液态的储冷介质可以在所述第一容纳区202与所述第二容纳区203之间流动。
第一种情况，所述第一容纳区202与所述第二容纳区203为一个储存容器内的两个区域，且所述第一容纳区202被设置为便于集聚液态的储冷介质。
优选地一类实施例中，所述储冷箱201包括将其划分为第一容纳区202和第二容纳区203的固液分离结构204。所述储冷箱201为水箱，或所述储冷箱201内设有水箱时，所述固液分离结构204位于所述水箱内。
固液分离结构204用以防止固态的储冷介质进入到第二容纳区203。本领域技术人员可以理解的是，固液分离结构也可为位于供冷单元30与储冷箱201连接处的过滤网，该过滤网可以固定于储冷箱201上，也可以固定于供冷单元30的端部，例如固定于第一传输单元31的端部。
具有固液分离结构204储冷箱201中，所述第一容纳区202和所述第二容纳区203的连通方式包括但不限于以下几种：
1)所述固液分离结构204上设有连通第一容纳区202和第二容纳区203的连通口，供液态的储冷介质在所述第一容纳区202和所述第二容纳区203之间流动。
一具体实施例中，所述第一容纳区202和所述第二容纳区203沿水平方向排布，所述连通口205设置于所述固液分离结构204的底部，根据连通器原理，所述第一容纳区202与所述第二容纳区203内的液态的储冷介质的高度一致，所述第一容纳区202内的液态的储冷介质能够快速地流入第二容纳区203。
另一具体实施例中，所述第一容纳区202和所述第二容纳区203沿水平方向排布，所述连通口205设置于所述固液分离结构204的中上部，所述第一容纳区202内的液态的储冷介质的高度到达所述连通口205时，才会流入到所述第二容纳区203内，使得液态的储冷介质与固态的储冷介质接触时间长，热交换效果好。
另一具体实施例中，所述第一容纳区202和所述第二容纳区203沿高度方向排布，所述连通口开设于所述固液分离结构204上的任意位置处。优选地，第一容纳区202位于第二容纳区203的上方，液态的储冷介质在重力作用下流入到第二容纳区203内。或，所述第一容纳区202位于所述第二容纳区203的下方，此时需要通过水管和水泵将液态的储冷介质抽入到第二容纳区203内。
2)在所述固液分离结构204上设置上述连通口或所述固液分离结构204上不设置上述连通口的基础上，所述第一容纳区202和所述第二容纳区203还可以通过所述固液分离结构204的边缘与所述储冷箱201之间的缝隙连通。
以所述第一容纳区202和所述第二容纳区203沿水平方向排布为例，所述第一容纳区202和所述第二容纳区203通过所述固液分离结构204的底边缘或侧边缘与所述储冷箱201之间的缝隙连通；或者，所述固液分离结构204的高度低于所述储冷箱201的高度，所述第一容纳区202和所述第二容纳区203通过所述固液分离结构204的上方连通，也即液态的储冷介质自所述第一容纳区202从所述固液分离结构204的上方流入到所述第二容纳区203。
优选地另一类实施例中，所述储冷箱201的底部设有与所述储冷箱一体设置或分体设置的若干凸起支撑部206、连通相邻凸起支撑部206之间的间隙207的连通道208。所述凸起支撑部206一方面能够加强所述储冷箱201底部的强度，另一方面用以支撑固态的储冷介质，若干凸起支撑部206的上方构成所述第一容纳区202，若干凸起支撑部206之间的间隙207由所述通道连通构成所述第二容纳区203。储冷箱201为水箱，或储冷箱201内设有水箱时，所述凸起支撑部206位于水箱的底部。
一具体实施例中，所述凸起支撑部206为凸肋条，所述连通道208位于所述凸肋条的端部或中间部分，相邻所述凸肋条之间的间隙207与所述连通道208共同构成所述第二容纳区203。另一具体实施例中，所述凸起支撑部206为各自独立设置的凸块，相邻凸块之间的间隙207通过所述连通道208相互连通构成所述第二容纳区203。
优选地另一类实施例中，所述储冷箱201的底部具有至少一个洼部、连通所述至少一个洼部的连通道208，所述洼部的上方为第一容纳区202，至少一个所述洼部与所述连通道208构成所述第二容纳区203。所述储冷箱201为水箱，或所述储冷箱201内设有水箱时，洼部设置于所述水箱的底部；例如，所述水箱的底板呈波浪状。
进一步地，所述储冷单元20还包括至少用以加入固态的储冷介质的加冷口209、打开或关闭所述加冷口209的加冷盖。加冷口209优选地设置于储冷单元20的顶部或侧部，便于快速装入固态的载冷介质，快速存入大量的冷量，满足农产品预冷过程的冷量需求。
一具体实施例中，以水作为储冷介质为例对本发明的储冷单元20进行描述，固态时为冰块、液态时为水。进行冷链运输前，根据需要的冷量多少，向储冷箱201内加入足够量的形态稳定的冰块，实现急速储冷；冰块吸热后温度升高或融化成水，水与冰块混合称为冰水混合物，此时水的温度较低为0°左右的冷水；供冷单元30将冷水传输给需冷单元10，冷水与需冷单元10进行热交换后温度升高，再回流到储冷箱201与冰块和/或冰水进行热交换。
需要注意的是，如果急速储冷后即需要给需冷单元10供冷，冰块来不及融化成足够的冷水，则在装冰块后还需要向储冷箱201内加入一部分水，然后将该部分水供给需冷单元10，温度较高的回水与冰块进行热交换，储冷箱201内的水会越来越多。如果急速储冷后，距将预冷保鲜箱运载至目的地装入农产品还有一定的时间，该时间段内，一部分冰块会融化成水形成冰水混合物，则不需要在开始时加入冷水。
更进一步地，所述储冷单元20还设有用以固持固态储冷介质的固持结构20a。所述固持结构20a为稳固架，用以卡箍固态储冷介质，防止固态的储冷介质在运输过程中晃动和倾倒。
具体地，所述固持结构20a位于所述第一容纳区202内，既可以对固态储冷介质进行稳固，还防止固态储冷介质直接撞击所述储冷箱。
或，所述储冷箱201内设有向上开口的水箱，所述固持结构20a设置于所述水箱的外侧，且部分所述固持结构20a高于所述水箱，对位于水箱上方的固态储冷介质进行固定，同时能够增强水箱的强度，避免其破裂。
或，所述储冷箱201内设有向上开口的水箱，所述固持结构20a设置于所述水箱的上方，相当于增高了水箱的壁，对位于水箱上方的固态储冷介质进行固定，而水箱的侧壁可以稳固水箱内的固态的储冷介质。
或，所述储冷箱201内设有向上开口的水箱，所述固持结构20a位于所述水箱内，且部分所述固持结构20a高于所述水箱，既可以对固态储冷介质进行稳固，还防止固态储冷介质直接撞击所述水箱。
基于上述所有实施例，所述固持结构20a优选为网格架，可以稳固固态的储冷介质，且不妨碍液态的储冷介质的流动，且重量轻、省材料、占用空间小。
进一步地，所述储冷单元20还包括位于所述储冷箱201的箱体壁内侧的缓冲结构(未图示)，缓解固态储冷介质对箱体壁的撞击力度。所述缓冲结构包括缓冲垫、牵引结构、弹性结构中的至少一种。
第二种情况，所述第一容纳区202与所述第二容纳区203为两个储存容器，两者之间通过连通管连通。优选地，所述连通管上设有开关阀或液泵，驱动储冷介质在所述第一容纳区202与所述第二容纳区203之间循环流动。与第一类储冷箱201的区别主要在于两个容纳区的连通方式，其他不再赘述。
第二类储冷箱201，所述第一容纳区202与所述第二容纳区203独立设置，两者之间不连通，且所述第一容纳区202内的储冷介质直接或间接地向所述第二容纳区203内的储冷介质提供冷量。与第一类储冷箱201的区别主要在于两个容纳区内的储冷介质如何进行热传导，其他不再赘述。
一实施例中，所述第二容纳区203与嵌设于所述第一容纳区202内，或所述第一容纳区202嵌设于所述第二容纳区203内，或所述第二容纳区203与所述第一容纳区202相邻设置，两者之间通过热辐射进行热传递。优选地，位于两个容纳区之间的间隔壁为金属壁等热传导性能较好的板材。
另一实施例中，所述储冷单元20还包括传热结构，一部分所述传热结构位于所述第一容纳区202，且另外的一部分所述传热结构位于所述第二容纳区203。所述传热结构包括但不限于传热棒、传热片、热管等。
另一实施例中，所述储冷单元20还包括与所第一容纳区202连通的旁通导热管、连接于所述旁通导热管上的旁通泵，所述旁通导热管的一部分位于所述第二容纳区203内；或，所述储冷单元20还包括与第二容纳区203连通的旁通导热管、连接于所述旁通导热管上的旁通泵，旁通导热管的一部分位于所述第一容纳区202内。旁通泵启动时，液态的储冷介质在旁通导热管内流动，并将第一容纳区202内的储冷介质的冷量传输给第二容纳区203的储冷介质。
第二类储冷单元20，加入的所述储冷介质为液态，方便通过供冷单元30向需冷单元10提 供冷量。与第一类储冷单元20的区别仅在于上述第一容纳区202和第二容纳区203为同一个容纳区，其他不再赘述。
基于上述储冷单元20，本发明还提供了一种急速储冷系统，快速地将固态的储冷介质加入到储冷箱201中，即完成了快速充冷。相较于传统的通过制冷机组或充冷机将储冷介质从液态变为固态，本案的充冷速度快，且短时间内充冷量大，能够满足农产品的预冷需求。
所述供冷单元30是将储冷介质储存的冷量传输给需冷单元10的媒介。
第一类供冷单元30，适用于上述两类储冷单元20。所述供冷单元30用以将液态的储冷介质传输至需冷单元10直接给其提供冷量。
所述供冷单元30包括设置于需冷单元10处的换热器32、将液态的储冷介质传输至所述换热器32的第一传输单元31、驱动所述储冷介质传输的驱动泵。储冷介质于所述换热器32内与需冷单元10进行热交换，与需冷单元10无直接接触，为软式热传递，对需冷单元10无损伤。
优选地，所述供冷单元30还包括将储冷介质从换热器32传输至储冷单元20的第二传输单元33。供冷单元30通过第一传输单元31将温度较低的液态的储冷介质传输至换热器32内，储冷介质于换热器32内与需冷单元10进行热交换后温度升高，通过第二传输单元33返回到储冷单元20；同时，供冷单元30继续将温度较低的液态的储冷介质传输至换热器32，形成一个动态循环，持续给需冷单元10提供冷量。
所述换热器32可以为直冷式换热器，包括至少一个换热器本体321，所述换热器本体321包括换热管，优选地还包括散热翅片，增大换热面积。
所述换热器32包括至少两个换热器本体321，至少两个所述换热器本体321沿上下方向和/或水平方向排布。其中，沿上下方向排布时，整个面上释放冷量较为均匀；沿水平方向排布时，便于沿水平方向分区供冷。为了方便，在描述换热风机322与换热器本体321的关系时，也可以将至少两个换热器本体321作为一个整体描述为：所述换热器本体321包括沿水平方向和/或竖直方向分布的至少两个子换热器本体321。
所述换热器32也可以在直冷式换热器的基础上增加换热风机322。在需冷单元10需要大量冷量时，换热风机322启动，加快换热器32的热交换；在需冷单元10需要的较小的冷量时，换热风机322不启动。
本发明中，根据所述换热风机322的作用，将其分为两种：
第一种，所述换热器本体321位于所述换热风机322的出风侧或吸风侧，需冷单元10位于所述换热风机322的出风侧，所述换热风机322的目的是驱动需冷单元10处的空气与换热器本体321热交换，实质构成一种风冷式换热器，适用于不怕冷风吹的需冷单元10。
第二种，所述换热风机322的目的仅在于：扰动换热器32周围的空气加快其与换热器32的热交换，但是不希望冷风吹向需冷单元10，实质仍然为一种直冷式的换热器。
具体地，所述换热器本体321位于所述换热风机322的吸风区域或出风区域，所述需冷单元10位于所述换热风机322的非出风区域。风经过所述换热器32，但是不吹向需冷单元10，或很少量的边缘风吹向需冷单元10，避免冷风直接吹向需冷单元10对其造成损伤。
一实施例中，所述换热风机322位于所述换热器本体321与所述需冷单元10之间，且换热器本体321位于所述换热风机322的出风侧。例如，所述换热风机322于所述换热器本体321 的下方并向正上方吹，所述需冷单元10位于所述换热风机322的下方。
另一实施例中，换热器本体321具有沿第一方向分布于换热器本体321两侧的第一侧和第二侧，所述需冷单元10位于所述第一侧，所述换热风机322设置于所述换热器本体321沿与第一方向相垂直的第二方向上的一侧。例如，所述需冷单元10位于所述换热器本体321的下方，换热风机322位于所述换热器本体321水平方向的一侧，且其出水平吹向换热器本体321，避免经过换热器本体321的冷风直接吹向换热器本体321的下方，给需冷单元10造成伤害。
优选地，如图13～图15所示，所述换热风机322的出风中线向第二侧倾斜设置。例如换热风机322的出风斜向上吹向所述换热器本体321，避免经过换热器本体321的冷风直接吹向换热器本体321的下方，给需冷单元10造成伤害。
优选地，所述换热风机322的倾斜角度a为大于0°且小于90°；优选10°～80°之间，更优选30°～60°之间，更优选40°～50°之间，风经过换热器本体321的大多数区域，但不吹向需冷单元10。
进一步地，如图15所示，所述换热器32包括至少两个换热风机322，所述至少两个所述换热风机322分设于所述换热器本体321沿所述第二方向相对设置的两侧。从相对的两侧同时向换热器本体321吹风，提高了换热效率，同时两向的风在一定程度上相互抵消，避免冷风吹向换热器本体321的第一侧。
优选地，所述换热风机322的出风中线向第二侧倾斜，且分设于所述换热器本体321相对设置的两侧的换热风机322的出风中线的交叉点位于所述换热器本体321上。
以所述换热器本体321位于所述换热风机322的出风侧时，当分设于两侧的换热风机322对称设置时，上述交叉点可位于所述换热器本体321内，换热器本体321的大部分区域都能吹到风；上述交叉点也可超出所述换热器本体321位于所述换热器本体321的第二侧，换热器本体321上部分区域吹不到风。
发明人进一步研究发现：以分设于换热器本体321两侧的换热风机322连线作为基线，换热风机322的倾斜角度a越大，上述交叉点与该基线的距离越大；且换热风机322倾斜角度a越大，吹向需冷单元10的风越少，越接近直冷。因此，如图14所示，将所述换热风机322的出风中轴线自换热器本体321沿第一侧向第二侧方向的中心向第一侧偏移，偏移距离为换热器本体321沿第一方向的宽度的1倍以内。优选地，所述换热器本体321位于所述换热风机322的出风侧时，所述换热风机322与所述换热器本体321沿第一方向的中轴线朝向所述第一侧的部分齐平。以第一侧为换热器本体321的下方，第二侧为换热器本体321的上方为例，换热风机322位于所述换热器本体321水平方向的一侧且与其下半部分齐平。
对应地，换热器本体321位于换热风机322的吸风侧时，换热风机322与换热器本体321沿第一方向的中轴线朝向第二侧的部分齐平，使得风尽量多的经过换热器本体321。
需要说明的是：以上所述描述的“需冷单元10”为实际接收冷量的部分，例如所述需冷单元10包括储物箱12和门体13，所述储物箱12内设有换热区与储物区14，所述换热器32设置于所述换热区，所述储物区14及位于其内的货物为真正的接收冷量的“需冷单元”。
优选地，所述换热区位于所述储物区14的上方，冷量自上向下供应，整个储物区14的温度相对均匀。或，所述换热区位于所述储物区14水平方向的一侧，不影响装卸货。或所述换热器 32位于所述储物箱12远离所述门体13的一侧，避免漏冷。或所述换热器32位于一个所述门体13处，便于维修。
进一步地，所述换热器32包括至少一个换热风机322时，所述换热风机322设置于所述换热器本体321靠近所述门体13的一侧，冷风吹向储物箱12内，避免冷量外漏。
如上换热风机322与换热器本体321的位置关系，或换热风机322、换热器本体321与需冷单元10的位置关系，也适用于将上述换热器本体321替换为蓄冷组件、制冷机组的蒸发器等冷源。
优选将换热器32设置于所述储物箱12的顶部，换热器32通过固定结构固定于所述储物室12的顶壁、侧壁或底壁上；固定方式包括但不限于以下几种：
通过第一固定结构直接固定在所述储物箱的顶壁上。所述第一固定结构为固定钉，所述固定钉从所述换热器的底部向上穿过所述换热器固定于所述储物箱12的顶壁。或，所述第一固定结构为固定于所述储物箱的顶壁上的悬挂结构，所述换热器挂在所述悬挂结构上。
所述换热器32通过第二固定结构324间接地固定于储物箱内。
一实施例中，所述第二固定结构324包括龙骨架、将所述龙骨架固定于所述储物箱内的固定架。所述龙骨架包括纵横交错的支架，承重力足够强，将所述换热器固定于所述龙骨架上。该固定方式可以通过固定钉固定在龙骨加上，或将换热器悬挂在龙骨架的悬挂结构上。
另一实施例中，如图16所示，所述第二固定结构324包括至少一个滑动架3241、固定所述滑动架3241的固定架3242，所述换热器支撑在滑动架3241上，例如将换热器从滑动架3241的一端向另一端推动至合适位置处，安装轻松，且方便再同一组滑动架3241上安装多个换热器。
上述两个实施例中，所述移动式保鲜箱包括至少两个供冷单元，或所述供冷单元包括至少两个换热器，即储物箱的顶部固定多个换热器时，至少两个换热器固定于同一龙骨架或滑动架3241上，或不同的换热器固定于不同的龙骨架或滑动架3241上。
上述两个实施例中，所述固定架3242为将所述龙骨架或所述滑动架固定于所述储物箱的顶壁的至少一个吊架、或将所述龙骨架或所述滑动架固定于所述储物箱的侧壁的至少一个侧支架、或将所述龙骨架或所述滑动架固定于所述储物箱的底壁的至少两个支撑架。
优选地，所述支撑架贴近所述储物箱的侧壁设置。另一优选地实施例中，所述第二固定结构324包括间隔设置的至少两个滑动架，每一滑动架由至少两个固定架固定。且延伸所述滑动架的延伸方向上，两个滑动架的固定架对齐或错位设置。
也可以将第一传输单元31称供液管，将第二传输单元33称回液管，液态储冷介质在驱动泵的作用下在储冷箱201和换热器32之间循环。以下将重点描述所述第一传输单元31、所述第二传输单元33与储冷单元20的连接关系。
与第一容纳区202与第二容纳区203连通的第一类储冷单元20连接方式为：一类优选的实施例中，所述第一传输单元31与所述第二容纳区203连通，保证有足够的液态的储冷介质流动，以防止驱动泵空转进入空气。所述第二传输单元33与所述第一容纳区202连通，返回的高温的储冷介质与第一容纳区202内的固态和/或液态的储冷介质进行热交换。
优选地，所述第二传输单元33的回流口位于所述第一容纳区202的上方，回流的储冷介质从顶部向下进入到第一容纳区202，与固态和/或液态的储冷介质充分地进行热交换。当然，所述 第二传输单元33的回流口也可以位于所述第一容纳区202的中下方。
进一步地，所述第二传输单元33包括位于所述第一容纳区202302的上方的回流管331，所述回流管331上设置有若干回流口。优选地，沿所述回流管331自所述换热器32向远离所述换热器32的方向上，所述回流口的口径增大，和/或所述回流口的设置密度增大。其中设置密度增大包括所述回流口的数量增多，所述回流口的间距减小等。如此设计，与回流管331内液态储冷介质的压力变化恰相反，可以使得回流的储冷介质均匀地进入到所述储冷箱201内。
当然，所述第二传输单元33也可以与所述第二容纳区203连通。优选地，所述第二传输单元33与所述第二容纳区203的连接处高于所述第一传输单元31与所述第二容纳区203的连接处。
并且，第二传输单元33与所述第二容纳区203的连通方式与上述第二传输单元33与所述第一容纳区202的连通方式相同，于此不再赘述。
与第一容纳区202与第二容纳区203不连通的第二类储冷单元20连接方式为：第一传输单元31、第二传输单元33均与第一容纳区202连通，且连通方式与上述第一类实施例中的连通方式相同，于此不再赘述。
基于上述供冷单元的描述，每一组第一传输单元31、第二传输单元33之间可以串联一个或多个换热器，串联的多个换热器32可以对一个储物区供冷也可以对多个不同的储物区14供冷。优选的实施例中，每一储物区14由一组第一传输单元、第二传输单元供冷及连接于其中的一个或多个换热器独立控制供冷。
第二类供冷单元30，供冷单元30包括循环管路、流动于所述循环管路内的传冷介质、驱动所述传冷介质在循环管路内流动的驱动元件。传冷介质为液态时，所述驱动元件为水泵；所述传冷介质为气态时，所述驱动元件为风扇。
所述循环管路的一部分与储冷单元20热传导设置，例如所述循环管路的一部分位于所述储冷单元20内，并直接与储冷介质接触。所述循环管路的另一部分与需冷单元10热传导设置。
进一步地，所述供冷单元30还包括连接于所述循环管路上的换热器32，所述换热器32及其与需冷单元10热交换方式参考采用第一类供冷单元30，于此不再赘述。
优选地，所述预冷保鲜箱100至少包括上述任意两种所述供冷单元30，可以通过至少两种供冷方式给需冷单元10提供冷量，一方面可以适应不同的需冷单元10；另一方面，可以在需冷单元10大量需要冷量时，开启至少两个供冷单元30，而在需冷单元10的需冷量不大时，择优选择其中一种提供冷量。
上述热传导设置、热传导连接指的是：两者能直接或间接地进行热交换。并且，上述任意一种储冷单元20可以与上述任意一种供冷单元30配合使用，组合成一储冷供冷系统。通过这种储冷供冷系统，给水果等农产品提供一种友好的低温环境，相当于把水果储存在冬天的环境中。
本发明通过向储冷箱201内加入固态的储冷介质实现急速储冷。货物加入储物箱12后，通过供冷单元30快速地将冷量供给储物箱12内实现预冷；待其温度降低至冷藏或冷冻温度时，预冷阶段结束，供冷单元30以第二供冷模式提供冷量，进入冷藏或冷冻阶段。其中，预冷阶段的供冷量大于冷藏或冷冻阶段的供冷量。
在储物箱顶部具有换热器32时，换热器32让出安装所述第一滑轨71的安装位置，或第一滑轨位于换热器32下方。将所述防漏冷帘73移动至相邻的换热器32之间，位于所述防漏冷帘 73远离所述开口的一侧的换热器32开放，对货物提供冷量；位于所述防漏冷帘73朝向所述开口的一侧的换热器32关闭，防止漏冷。
请参考图19和图20所示，因为集货量有限，第一批货物仅占用了两排货框的容积；此时将离所述开口最远的第二滑轨72移动至该两排货物朝向所述开口的一侧，展开第二防漏冷帘73；避免装入的货物向外漏冷。此时可以开启位于所述第二防漏冷帘73背离所述开口的一侧的换热器32，向内部的货物供冷，维持其温度或给其降温。
当第二批货物运输过来后，打开所述门，在第二防漏冷帘73保持展开状态对第一批货物进行保护、防止其向外漏冷的前提下，继续装货，至第二批货物装箱完毕后，移动第二滑轨72至第二批货物的外侧，展开所述第一防漏冷帘73，对第二批货物进行保护。
重复上述过程，至储物箱12装满后，关门运输。
卸货过程：位于最外侧的第一防漏冷帘73对内部的货物进行保护，若位于最外侧的第一防漏冷帘73与门体之间的货物不少于当下卸货量，则无需打开所述第一防漏冷帘73。若位于最外侧的第一防漏冷帘73与门体之间的货物少于当下卸货量，则可滑动打开一部分所述防漏冷帘73，让出一个卸货通道，从该卸货通道卸载其内部的货物，达到当下卸载量后，若第一防漏冷帘73与第二防漏冷帘73之间还有货物，则展开第一防漏冷帘73对其进行保护，如果无，则无需再展开所述第一防漏冷帘73。内部的卸货，与上述类似，不再重复叙述。
由上可知，本发明的移动式保鲜箱100可以通过车运输，只要有路就可以到达农产品基地，距离产品采摘地非常近。并且通过储冷单元20存储的大量冷量实现预冷，预冷过程不受产品基地是否有电源、是否有充冷机的限制，即可实现产地预冷。直接从货源地装货，并直接运送到目的地，避免了传统冷链车中间周转过程，极大地提高了运输效率。
农产品采摘后，可以在第一时间进入储物箱12内，货物装满关门后即开启供冷单元30进入预冷过程，即农产品无需拉到冷库排队预冷，在农产品基地即可实现装箱预冷，及时锁鲜，保证口感和品质。
农产品温度降低至冷藏或冷冻温度时，通过调节供冷的模式即可直接进入冷藏或冷冻阶段，即预冷后无需搬运即进入到冷藏或冷冻阶段，相较于传统冷链运输，无需多次搬运，减少对农产品的碰撞和挤压造成的损伤。
并且，货物装满关门后即可进入运输过程，预冷、保鲜等过程在运输途中进行，真正实现了装车即走、车载预冷、途中预冷的功能，因此产品从装箱开始到目的地卸货，仅一次搬运，对货物的碰撞造成的损伤率大大降低；且货物在预冷保鲜箱内完成预冷和冷藏/冷冻，全程处于供冷单元30提供的冷藏或冷冻环境中，保证全程冷链不断链；这是目前冷量运输中无法跨越也无法实现的。
发明人进一步研究发现：储冷单元20用以装入大量的固态的储冷介质，满足货物预冷的需求，但是该部分储冷介质会增加运输成本。并且，在上述放冷或供冷过程中，固态的储冷介质融化，液态储冷介质量越来越多，运输过程中容易晃动逸出。为此，本发明进一步设置排放单元40向外排放液态的储冷介质，一方面可以减少一次性加入固态储冷介质的量，在其融化后排出，重新加入固态储冷介质，也即分批次加入固态储冷介质，减少储冷单元20容积或重量，增加载货量；另一方面，即使一次性加入固态充冷介质，通过排放出释放冷量后的液态的储冷介质，也 可以减轻重量，降低运输成本。
其中，排放单元40为根据需要选加的单元，可以关闭，也可以去除。
一实施例中，所述排放单元40包括与所述储冷单元20连通的第一排放口401，或，所述排放单元40包括与所述储冷单元20连通的第一排放口401、与所述第一排放口401连通的第一排放管402。
具体地，所述第一排放口401开设于所述储冷箱201上。当液态的储冷介质的液位达到第一排放口401的高度时，自动向外排放。优选地，第一排放口401与所述储冷单元20底部的高度差≥20公分，优选等于大于40公分，优选≥50公分，优选≥60公分，优选≥50公分，优选≥80公分，优选≥90公分，优选≥100公分，保证所述储冷单元20内具有足够的液态储冷介质，以免影响循环供冷。
基于上述储冷单元20，所述第一排放口401与所述第一容纳区202连通，或所述第一排放口401与所述第二容纳区203连通。
或，排放单元40还包括开设于所述第一传输单元31上的第一排放口401’；或，排放单元还包括连接于所述第一传输单元31上的第一排放管402’。第一排放口401’、第一排放管402’还可以向外排污，或在运输结束后，向外排出已经释放冷量的储冷介质。
进一步地，所述排放单元40还包括打开或关闭所述第一排放口401/401’或所述第一排放管402/402’的第一排放阀。通过所述第一排放阀，使得排放在时间、空间、温度等方面可控。例如，可在预冷、冷藏或冷冻阶段中的至少一个进行排放，优选在预冷结束后，拉货物回程前排放，减少汽车动力消耗。或者，在荒郊野外排放，避开收费站、市区等区域排放。
另一实施例中，排放单元还包括开设于第二传输单元33上的第二排放口403、打开或关闭第二排放口403的第二排放阀；或，排放单元还包括连接于第二传输单元33上的第二排放管404、打开或关闭第二排放管404的第二排放阀。
本发明优选地从所述第二传输单元33处向外排放储冷介质，可以避免回流的储冷介质与固态的储冷介质热交换后再排放，避免冷量损失。
进一步地，所述排放单元还包括用以检测所述储物箱12内的液态的储冷介质的量的传感器。当所述储冷箱201内的液态的储冷介质的量达到最高线时，打开所述第二排放阀，全力向外排放储冷介质。当所述储冷箱201内的液态的储冷介质的量达到中间线时，半打开所述第二排放阀，回流的储冷介质一部分向外排放，一部分回流到储冷单元20内，避免所述储冷箱201内的液态的储冷介质急剧减少。当所述储冷箱201内的液态的储冷介质的量达到最低线时，关闭所述第二排放阀，储冷介质全部回流到储冷单元20中。
优选地实施例中，包括上述两种排放单元，并且排放单元还包括用以检测储冷单元20内的第二状态的储冷介质或第一传输单元31内的储冷介质的温度的第一传感器、用以检测第二传输单元33内的储冷介质或所述需冷单元处的温度的第二传感器，第一传感器测得的储冷介质的温度低，则打开第二排放阀；第一传感器测得的温度低，则打开第一排放阀，优先将温度高的储冷介质排除，避免冷量浪费。
另外，为方便组装，本发明将储冷单元20模块化设置称为储冷模块，储冷模块包括上述任一种储冷单元20，所述储冷模块还包括用以与供冷单元30连接以供液态的储冷介质流出和回流 的至少一组放冷接口端。此时，供冷单元包括与放冷接口端连接以将储冷介质的冷量传输至需冷单元10的供冷接口端。
供液态的储冷介质流出的所述放冷接口端与所述第一传输单元31连通，且其与储冷箱201的连通方式与第一传输单元31与储冷箱201的连通方式相同。供液态的储冷介质回流的所述放冷接口端与所述第二传输单元33连通，且其与储冷箱201的连通方式与第二传输单元33与储冷箱201的连通方式相同。
根据整体设置，所述储冷模块还可以包括至少一部分供冷单元30，例如将供冷单元30的回流管331及其设置于其上的回流口作为储冷模块的一部分。
所述储冷模块还可以包括上述任一种排放单元40。
所述储冷模块可以搭配至少一个需冷单元10、至少一个供冷单元30共同构成所述移动式保鲜箱。
所述供冷单元30与所述需冷单元10一一对应，每一所述供冷单元30给其对应的一个或多个需冷单元10提供冷量。
所述需冷单元10包括储物箱12，所述储物箱12内具有一个或多个储物区14。在空间排布上，所有的所述储物区14位于所述储冷单元20的同一侧；或，所述储冷单元20位于所述至少一个储物区14中间。
例如一个储物箱12内具有多个储物区14，所述储冷单元20位于所述储物箱12的一侧，所有的储物区14位于其同一侧，或所述储冷单元20设置于该储物箱12的中间，向两侧的储物区14提供冷量。或例如，多个储物箱12排布于所述储冷单元20的周围。
进一步地，加冷口209设置于储冷单元20位于部分所述储物箱12内的壁上，或加冷口209设置于储冷单元20与部分所述储物箱12相邻或共用的壁上，此时所述加冷口209向该所述储物箱12内开放，可以避免不必要的冷量外漏，需要穿过所述储物箱12给所述储冷单元20加入储冷介质。或，加冷口209设置于储冷单元20暴露于所述移动式保鲜箱100外的壁上，可以在向所述储物箱12内装卸货的同时加入储冷介质，还方便在中途补充储冷介质。
本发明的预冷-保鲜箱在运送水果、蔬菜等农产品时，由于水果、蔬菜等呼吸作用，运输过程中需要置换储物箱12内的空气。现有技术中，通常在储物箱12的前部设进风窗口，运输十个小时左右，打开所述进风窗口，让空气在运输过程中快速进入储物箱12内。一方面，运输十个小时左右，储物箱12内气体环境较差；另一方面，高温的气体穿过储物箱12，会使得储物箱12内温度升高，冷链运输断链。
为解决上述问题之一，所述预冷保鲜箱还包括换气组件，该换气组件包括设置于预冷保鲜箱的储物箱12的前侧的第一敞开口、后侧的第二敞开口，运输过程中，新鲜的空气持续地从第一敞开口进入储物箱12中，并从第二敞开口排出，使得水果、蔬菜等农产品始终处于一个新鲜的气体环境中，保鲜效果好。
我们通过控制第一敞开口的面积控制进入到储物箱12内的空气的量，让进入箱内的气体自然地排放出去。所述第一敞开口被设置为：在60～90km/小时的移动速度下，每小时的进风量为移动式保鲜箱容积的0.2倍～2倍之间，或，每小时的进风量可以使得箱体内的空气置换0.3轮～5轮之间。例如，所述第一敞开口的面积等效为同等面积的圆时，直径为1～3公分。本领域技术人 员可以理解的是，装货越多，空间越小，同样面积的第一敞开口，空气置换次数越多。
优选地，所述第一敞开口的面积小于所述第二敞开口的面积，让空气可控地进入到箱体内，然后自然地向外排放。
进一步地，在所述储物箱12通过若干防漏冷组件11分割成若干储物区14的实施例中，所述防漏冷组件11上设置有通风孔。优选地，靠近所述第一敞开口的防漏冷组件11上的通风孔小于靠近所述第二敞开口的防漏冷组件11上的通风孔。
优选地，还包括与通风孔相配合的遮挡部，所述遮挡部的面积大于通风孔的面积，且遮挡部上方为固定端，其余为自由端，从而在装货时，遮挡部可以在重力作用下遮挡通风孔，降低冷量从通风孔泄露的风险。在运输过程中，遮挡部被风吹起，方便空气流通。
进一步地，高温空气先降温后再进入到储物箱12的储物区14内，可以避免箱体内的温度波动。
一实施例中，所述储冷单元20设置于所述储物箱12内的前侧，所述储物箱12与所述储冷单元20之间具有供空气流通的连通口，所述第一敞开口与所述储冷单元20连通。空气从所述第一敞开口进入后先经过储冷箱201，与储冷介质进行热交换，温度降低后再进入到后面的储物箱12内，避免导致储物箱12内的温度波动较大。
另一实施例中，所述储冷单元20设置于所述储物箱12外的前侧，且所述储冷单元20上设有供空气进入的进风通孔、供空气流出的出风通孔，所述出风通孔与所述第一敞开口连通，空气先进入储冷单元20，温度降低后再经第一敞开口进入到储物箱12内。
另一实施例中，进入的空气与供冷组件的一部分进行热交换，温度降低后再进入到后面的储物箱12内，避免导致储物箱12内的温度波动较大。
具体地，从所述第一敞开口进入的空气与所述第一传输单元31热交换设置，和/或，从所述第一敞开口进入的空气与所述第二传输单元33热交换设置；和/或，空气从所述第一敞开口进入并与至少部分所述换热器32热交换后再进入到储物箱12的储物区14。
优选地，换气组件包括连接于所述第一传输单元31或所述第二传输单元33上的新风换热器，从所述第一敞开口进入的空气与该新风换热器进行热交换。
另一实施例中，从所述第一敞开口进入的空气与所述排放单元40热交换后进入所述储物箱12。
具体地，从所述第一敞开口进入的空气与所述第一排放管402的至少一部分进行热交换；和/或，从所述第一敞开口进入的空气与所述第二排放管404的至少一部分进行热交换。
或者，换气组件包括连接于所述第一排放管402或所述第二排放管404上的新风换热器，从所述第一敞开口进入的空气与该新风换热器进行热交换。
所述新风换热器至少包括换热管和换热翅片。
所述加湿单元50用以给农产品提供合适的湿度，其为非必要单元，可以选择去除该单元或关闭该单元。
所述加湿单元50优选非加热式加湿器，或称等温加湿器，例如超声波加湿器、高压泵喷射加湿器等。当然也可以采用其他加湿器。
所述加湿单元包括加湿器501、与加湿器501连通以向外排放水蒸气或水雾的加湿管503， 通过加湿管503给储物箱12加湿。
具体地，所述加湿管延伸至储物箱12内，并在每一储物区143内设置至少一喷头504，给对应的储物区143进行加湿。优选地，喷头为电控喷头，可以单独控制给每一储物区143加湿。当然，也可以设置于加湿器连通的多个所述加湿管，每一个加湿管给一储物区加湿，湿度控制更精确。
进一步地，与加湿器的水箱连通的加水管502，向其中加水。优选地，所述储冷介质为水，通过储冷单元20或所述供冷单元30向其提供低温的水，以免加湿过程造成储物区14温度升高。
一实施例中，所述加水管502的另一端与所述储冷单元20连通，具体地，所述加水管502与所述第一容纳区202或所述第二容纳区203连通。
另一实施例中，所述加水管502通过三通连接于所述供冷单元30的循环管路上，给加湿器提供低温的水。例如，所述加水管502的另一端与所述第一传输单元31或所述第二传输单元33连通。
另一实施例中，所述加水管502的另一端与所述排放单元10连通。具体地，加水管502的另一端与所述第一排放口401或所述第一排放管402连通；或，所述加水管502的另一端与所述第二排放口403或所述第二排放管404连通。
或者，所述加湿器501的水箱与所述储冷单元热交换设置，从储冷单元处获取冷量。具体地，可以将所述加湿器501的水箱嵌设于所述储冷单元20内；或，将所述加湿器501的水箱与所述储冷单元20相邻设置；或，所述加湿单元50还包括传冷管、流动于所述传冷管内的传冷介质、驱动所述传冷介质在传冷管内流动的驱动元件，所述传冷管的一部分与储冷单元20热传导设置，例如一部分传冷管位于所述储冷单元20内，优选直接与储冷介质接触；所述传冷管的另一部分位于所述加湿器501的水箱内或缠绕于所述加湿器501的水箱上。
或者，加湿管503与第一传输单元31或换热器32或第二传输单元33相邻设置，喷出的水雾或湿气温度低。
另，所述加湿单元50还包括与加湿器501的水箱连通的溢水管505，所述溢水管505的另一端与所述储冷单元20连通，或所述溢水管505的另一端通向所述移动式保鲜箱100外。在水箱内水位线达到一定高度时，将水排出至储冷箱内。如此设置，无需电控加水，节约用电，且可靠性高。当然，也可以在加水管502上设置电动阀，根据水位仪等测试的加湿器水箱的水位控制是否加水。
进一步地，所述加湿单元50还包括位于储物箱12内的湿度传感器，所述加湿器、所述湿度传感器均与所述电控单元通讯连接，电控单元通过湿度传感器获得的湿度控制加湿单元的工作状态。
本发明还提供一种冷链运载工具，包括交通工具、位于所述交通工具上的上述任意一种移动式保鲜箱。所述交通工具包括车、船、飞机等。
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制，尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种移动式保鲜箱，其特征在于，包括：
    需冷单元，包括由至少一个防漏冷组件分隔形成的若干子需冷单元；
    储冷单元，用以容置固态和/或液态的储冷介质；
    供冷单元，将液态的储冷介质传输至每一子需冷单元，并将与所述子需冷单元热交换后的储冷介质传输至储冷单元；
    电控单元，与所述供冷单元通讯连接，且给其中至少一子需冷单元提供液态的储冷介质是独立控制的。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的移动式保鲜箱，其特征在于：所述供冷单元包括设置于每一所述子需冷单元处的换热器、将液态的储冷介质从储冷单元传输至所述换热器的第一传输单元、将储冷介质从所述换热器传输至所述储冷单元的第二传输单元、驱动所述储冷介质传输的驱动泵，至少一个驱动泵是独立控制的。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的移动式保鲜箱，其特征在于：所述换热器位于所述储物区的顶部或侧部。
  4. 如权利要求2或3所述的移动式保鲜箱，其特征在于：所述换热器包括至少一个换热器本体，所述换热器本体包括换热管，或所述换热器本体包括换热管和散热翅片；
    或，所述换热器包括至少一个换热器本体和至少一个换热风机，所述换热器本体包括换热管，或所述换热器本体包括换热管和散热翅片。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的移动式保鲜箱，其特征在于：所述换热器本体位于所述换热风机的吸风区域或出风区域，且所述子需冷单元位于所述换热风机的非出风区域。
  6. 如权利要求2所述的移动式保鲜箱，其特征在于：所述需冷单元括储物单元，所述子需冷单元为通过至少一个防漏冷组件将所述储物单元分割成若干储物区；所述储物区处于封闭状态时，所述电控单元启动位于该储物区内的换热器对应的驱动泵。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的移动式保鲜箱，其特征在于：所述电控单元还包括用以检测所述储物区是否处于封闭状态的传感器。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的移动式保鲜箱，其特征在于：所述防漏冷组件包括打开所述储物区的打开状态、封闭所述储物区的封闭状态，所述传感器包括用以检测所述防漏冷组件是否处于封闭状态的行程开关、光敏传感器、压力传感器、红外传感器。
  9. 如权利要求2所述的移动式保鲜箱，其特征在于：所述储冷单元还包括储冷箱，所述储冷箱包括用于容纳固态和/或液态的储冷介质的第一容纳区、用以容纳液态的储冷介质的第二容纳区，所述第一传输单元与所述第二容纳区连通，所述第二传输单元与所述第一容纳区或所述第二容纳区连通。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的移动式保鲜箱，其特征在于：所述第二传输单元包括位于所述第一容纳区的上方的回流管，所述回流管上设置有若干回流口，沿所述回流管自所述换热器向远离所 述换热器的方向上，所述回流口的口径增大，和/或所述回流口的设置密度增大。
  11. 如权利要求1所述的移动式保鲜箱，其特征在于：所述需冷单元为储物箱，所述防漏冷组件包括位于所述储物箱上的至少一个第一滑轨、滑动设置于所述第一滑轨上的至少一个第二滑轨、滑动设置于所述第二滑轨上的至少一个防漏冷帘。
  12. 如权利要求1所述的移动式保鲜箱，其特征在于：所述储冷单元还包括用以固持固态的储冷介质的固持结构。
  13. 如权利要求1所述的移动式保鲜箱，其特征在于：所述移动式保鲜箱还包括排放单元，用以向外排出液态的储冷介质。
  14. 如权利要求1所述的移动式保鲜箱，其特征在于：所述需冷单元为储物箱，所述移动式保鲜箱还包括换气单元，所述换气单元包括设置于所述储物箱的前侧的第一敞开口、后侧的第二敞开口。
  15. 一种冷链运载工具，其特征在于，包括交通工具、位于所述交通工具上的如权利要求1所述的移动式保鲜箱。
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CN116835107B (zh) * 2023-09-01 2023-10-31 高度环保科技(烟台)有限公司 一种用于冷藏海鲜的复合纸板

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