WO2022249371A1 - イオンミリング装置 - Google Patents
イオンミリング装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022249371A1 WO2022249371A1 PCT/JP2021/020112 JP2021020112W WO2022249371A1 WO 2022249371 A1 WO2022249371 A1 WO 2022249371A1 JP 2021020112 W JP2021020112 W JP 2021020112W WO 2022249371 A1 WO2022249371 A1 WO 2022249371A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- ion
- ion beam
- shutter
- source
- anode
- Prior art date
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- 238000000992 sputter etching Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000010884 ion-beam technique Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 80
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 68
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- -1 argon ions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/30—Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects
- H01J37/305—Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects for casting, melting, evaporating or etching
- H01J37/3053—Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects for casting, melting, evaporating or etching for evaporating or etching
- H01J37/3056—Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects for casting, melting, evaporating or etching for evaporating or etching for microworking, e.g. etching of gratings, trimming of electrical components
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J27/00—Ion beam tubes
- H01J27/02—Ion sources; Ion guns
- H01J27/04—Ion sources; Ion guns using reflex discharge, e.g. Penning ion sources
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/02—Details
- H01J37/04—Arrangements of electrodes and associated parts for generating or controlling the discharge, e.g. electron-optical arrangement, ion-optical arrangement
- H01J37/08—Ion sources; Ion guns
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/30—Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects
- H01J37/305—Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects for casting, melting, evaporating or etching
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an ion milling device.
- Ion milling equipment irradiates an unfocused ion beam onto a sample (e.g., metal, semiconductor, glass, ceramic, etc.) to be observed with an electron microscope.
- This equipment can polish the sample surface and expose the internal structure of the sample.
- the surface of the sample and the internal structure of the sample exposed by the irradiation of the ion beam serve as observation surfaces for scanning electron microscopes and transmission electron microscopes.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that the surface of the cathode facing the ionization chamber is provided with unevenness to reduce the sputtering yield of the cathode and reduce the amount of sputtered particles generated.
- Patent Literature 2 discloses providing means for injecting gas toward an ion gun to move deposits adhering to the inside of the ion gun.
- Control parameters such as the amount of argon gas introduced into the ion source and the discharge voltage applied to the ion source are adjusted to keep the energy and distribution of the ion beam within a certain range during the milling process in order to improve the uniformity of the shape processed by the ion milling system. Must be set. However, it has been found that the influence of disturbances that cannot be controlled by the control parameters is large.
- the Penning ion source incorporates an electrode component for generating electrons, as will be described later.
- One such electrode component, the cathode is sputtered by argon ions generated during discharge, thereby forming a deposited film from the cathode inside the ion source.
- the deposited film continues to grow and eventually peels off like needles.
- a deposited film formed on the inner wall surface of the anode, which is one of the electrode parts, may cause a short circuit between the anode and the cathode. If the anode-cathode short circuit occurs, the discharge voltage cannot be applied.
- the inner wall surface of the anode is intentionally roughened so that the contact area between the inner wall surface of the anode and the deposited film is increased to prevent the deposited film from peeling off.
- grinding by sandblasting is performed so that the surface roughness (Ra) of the inner wall surface of the anode at this time is larger than the surface roughness of the inner wall surface of the cathode.
- the discharge current value depends on the amount of argon gas introduced. , the gas originating from the atmosphere reduces the additional discharge current as the ion beam is emitted. This makes it difficult to uniformize the processed shape by the ion milling apparatus.
- An ion milling apparatus comprises a sample chamber, a sample stage arranged in the sample chamber on which the sample is placed, and ions generated by electrons generated by discharge between an anode and a cathode. is accelerated by an acceleration electrode to emit an unfocused ion beam toward the sample, a conductive shutter is placed between the ion source and the sample stage to shield the ion beam, and the shutter is driven. and a shutter drive source that shields the ion beam, a discharge voltage is applied between the anode and the cathode, and an acceleration voltage is applied between the anode and the acceleration electrode.
- a control unit that allows the shutter to be retracted to a position where the ion beam is not blocked by the shutter driving source after either the flowing discharge current or the ion beam current flowing due to the irradiation of the ion beam to the shutter falls below a predetermined reference value.
- the reproducibility of processing by the ion milling device can be improved by releasing the gas adsorbed by the ion source before processing the sample.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration example (schematic diagram) of an ion milling apparatus of Example 1.
- FIG. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing an ion source and a power supply circuit that applies a control voltage to the ion source; It is a figure for demonstrating the process of releasing adsorption gas from an ion source. It is a figure for demonstrating the process of releasing adsorption gas from an ion source.
- 4 is a graph showing changes in discharge current value over time. 4 is a flow chart of sample processing in Example 1.
- FIG. FIG. 11 is a configuration example (schematic diagram) of an ion milling apparatus of Example 2; 4 is a flow chart of sample processing in Example 1.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the main part of the ion milling device 100 of Example 1 from the side.
- the ion milling apparatus 100 includes an ion source 101, a shutter 102, a shutter drive source 103, a power supply unit 104, a supply gas control section 105, a sample stage 106, a sample stage drive source 107, a control section 108, and a display section 109 as main components. , sample chamber 110 and ammeter 115 .
- the ion milling device 100 is used as a pretreatment device for observing the surface or cross section of a sample with a scanning electron microscope or a transmission electron microscope.
- An ion source for such a pretreatment device often employs the Penning method, which is effective for downsizing the structure.
- the ion source 101 of this embodiment also adopts the Penning method, and the sample fixed to the sample stage 106 is irradiated with an unfocused ion beam from the ion source 101 .
- the control unit 108 controls the output of the ion beam by controlling the voltage applied from the power supply unit 104 to the electrodes inside the ion source 101 and the gas flow rate supplied from the supply gas control unit 105 .
- a conductive shutter 102 is provided between the ion source 101 and the sample stage 106 .
- the shutter 102 shields the sample from being irradiated with the ion beam from the ion source 101 and also serves as a probe for measuring the ion beam current that flows when the shutter 102 is irradiated with the ion beam.
- the ion beam current applied to the shutter 102 is measured by an ammeter 115 , and the ion beam current value is output from the ammeter 115 to the controller 108 .
- the controller 108 uses the ion beam current value to monitor the output state of the ion beam.
- the ion beam current value may be displayed on the display unit 109 .
- the gas in the atmosphere is adsorbed by the electrode parts of the ion source 101, and the adsorbed gas inside the ion source 101 is ionized and released, thereby being released from the ion source 101.
- the ion beam exceeds the set ion beam current value. Therefore, first, the ion beam is shielded by the shutter 102 and the ion beam current value is measured.
- the control unit 108 drives the shutter driving source 103 to retract the shutter 102, and the sample stage
- the sample placed on 106 is irradiated with an argon-derived ion beam supplied from the supply gas control unit 105 .
- a sample stage 106 on which a sample is placed is attached to a sample chamber 110 via a sample stage drive source 107 .
- a sample stage driving source 107 rotates the sample stage 106 around the rotation axis R0 .
- the sample stage drive source 107 moves the position of the sample stage 106 in each of the X, Y, and Z directions, and also changes the orientation of the sample stage 106 with respect to the ion beam central axis B0 in the angular direction ( T1 It is attached to the sample chamber 110 so as to be adjustable in each of the rotational direction about the axis) and the angular direction of the YZ plane (rotational direction about the T2 axis).
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the ion source 101 adopting the Penning method and a power supply circuit that applies a control voltage to the electrode parts of the ion source 101.
- the power supply circuit is part of the power supply unit 104 .
- the ion source 101 has a first cathode 201 , a second cathode 202 , an anode 203 , a permanent magnet 204 , an acceleration electrode 205 , a gas pipe 206 , an ionization chamber 207 and an ion beam irradiation port 208 .
- the surface roughness (Ra) of the anode inner wall surface facing the ionization chamber 207 is set higher than the surface roughness of the cathode inner wall surface facing the ionization chamber 207. being enlarged.
- Argon gas is injected into the ionization chamber 207 through the gas pipe 206 to generate an ion beam.
- a first cathode 201 and a second cathode 202 having the same potential are arranged facing each other, and an anode 203 is arranged between the first cathode 201 and the second cathode 202.
- Electrons are generated by applying a discharge voltage Vd from the power supply unit 104 between the cathodes 201 and 202 and the anode 203 .
- the electrons are retained by the permanent magnet 204 arranged in the ion source 101, collide with the argon gas injected from the gas pipe 206 in the ionization chamber 207, and generate argon ions.
- An acceleration voltage Va is applied between the anode 203 and the acceleration electrode 205 from the power supply unit 104, and the generated argon ions are attracted to the acceleration electrode 205 and emitted as an ion beam through the ion beam irradiation port 208.
- the power supply circuit is provided with an ammeter 210 between the anode 203 and the first cathode 201 and the second cathode 202.
- the ammeter 210 measures the discharge current flowing between the cathode and the anode due to discharge.
- a discharge current value measured by ammeter 210 is also output to control unit 108 .
- the controller 108 uses the discharge current value to monitor the output state of the ion beam.
- a discharge current value may be displayed on the display unit 109
- the power of the ion beam emitted from the ion source 101 depends on the state of discharge inside the ion source 101 .
- the ion source 101 adopting the Penning method microparticles and the like generated from the sample to be irradiated adhere to the first cathode 201, the second cathode 202, and the anode 203 as contamination as the ion beam is repeatedly irradiated.
- the standby gas is adsorbed by the contamination of these electrode parts and ionized together with the argon gas supplied from the gas pipe 206, resulting in a discharge current value and an ion beam current value at the start of machining. higher than expected.
- FIG. 3A and 3B show the process of releasing the adsorbed gas from the ion source 101.
- FIG. 3A When the sample chamber 110 is vented, gases in the atmosphere are adsorbed on the first cathode 201 , the second cathode 202 and the anode 203 of the ion source 101 .
- the shutter driving source 103 moves the shutter 102 to a position where the ion beam from the ion source 101 is shielded.
- the controller 108 applies predetermined voltages to the first cathode 201 , the second cathode 202 , the anode 203 and the acceleration electrode 205 in the power supply unit 104 .
- the temperature inside the ion source 101 rises, promoting the release of the adsorbed gas.
- the adsorbed gas collides with electrons generated in the ion source 101 by voltage application, is ionized, is extracted by the accelerating electrode 205, and is irradiated to the shutter 102 as an ion beam.
- the current value of the ion beam irradiated to the shutter 102 is constantly monitored by the control unit 108, and when the current value falls below a certain value, it is considered that the adsorbed gas has been released. After that, as shown in FIG. 3B, the shutter 102 is retracted from the front of the ion source 101 by the shutter drive source 103, and the sample is irradiated with the ion beam.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing changes in the discharge current value over time according to this embodiment.
- the discharge current value immediately after the start of discharge shows a high value because adsorbed gas ions are included in addition to argon ions. Since the adsorbed gas is gradually released as the temperature inside the ion source 101 rises, the discharge current value inside the ion source 101 gradually decreases, and finally reaches the value of only argon ions (stationary value). .
- a period for releasing the adsorbed gas inside the ion source 101 is provided before processing the sample.
- the end of the adsorbed gas release period is determined by monitoring the discharge current value or the ion beam current value, and when the discharge current value or the ion beam current value falls below the reference value for determining the completion of adsorbed gas release, and then the sample processing is started. do.
- the sample can be irradiated with a stable ion beam with little change in the discharge current value and the ion beam current value inside the ion source 101.
- the uniformity of the shape processed by the ion beam is improved.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart of sample processing in the ion milling apparatus 100 of Example 1.
- FIG. This flowchart is executed by the control unit 108 after setting the sample (S301).
- S301 A sample is set on the sample stage 106, and the position of the sample stage is adjusted by the sample stage drive source 107. After the sample is set, the inside of the sample chamber 110 is evacuated by an evacuation system (not shown) to reduce the pressure.
- the control unit 108 applies a discharge voltage Vd between the anode 203 and the first and second cathodes 201 and 202 having the same potential to increase the temperature inside the ion source 101, thereby increasing the adsorption gas of the electrode parts. is released. Further, an acceleration voltage Va is applied between the anode 203 and the acceleration electrode 205 to irradiate the shutter 102 in front of the ion source with the ionized adsorption gas as an ion beam.
- the control unit 108 compares the ion beam current value of the ion beam irradiated to the shutter 102 or the discharge current value measured by the ammeter 210 with a preset reference value for the ion beam current value or the discharge current value. . If the reference value is not exceeded, the discharge inside the ion source 101 is continued to accelerate the release of the adsorbed gas.
- the control unit 108 determines whether the ion beam current value or the discharge current value is stable. As a determination method, a reference range of the ion beam current value or the discharge current value is provided, and it is confirmed that the fluctuation width of the ion beam current value or the discharge current value is below the reference range for a predetermined period. If the ion beam current value or the discharge current value is not stable, the discharge inside the ion source 101 is continued to accelerate the release of the adsorbed gas.
- the control unit 108 moves the shutter 102 in front of the ion source 101 via the shutter drive source 103, and ends sample processing.
- the timing of starting argon gas supply is not limited.
- the supply of argon gas may be started before or at the same time as the start of voltage application to the ion source.
- the supply of argon gas may be started after determination of completion of release of adsorbed gas. By delaying the start of supply of the argon gas, the heating of the ion source 101 can be accelerated and the period required for the adsorbed gas release process can be shortened. Since the reference value in step S303 changes depending on the presence or absence of argon gas, it is necessary to determine the reference value according to the timing of argon gas supply.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the main part of the ion milling device 200 of Example 2 from the side.
- the ion milling device 200 has a heating mechanism that heats the ion source 101 . Configurations common to the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and overlapping descriptions are omitted.
- a heating mechanism arranged near the ion source 101 includes a heater 111 , a heater drive source 112 and a thermocouple 113 .
- the heater 111 heats the ion source to a value set in the range of 40 to 130° C., thereby shortening the time until the adsorption gas release is completed.
- the reason why the upper limit of the temperature to be heated by the heater is in the range of 40 to 130.degree. Within this range, the heating temperature of the heater 111 may be adjusted according to the amount of adsorbed gas in the ion source.
- the heater 111 can be moved by a heater drive source 112, and the ion source 101 is heated by bringing it into contact with the acceleration electrode 205 inside the ion source 101.
- the heater drive source 112 also brings the heater 111 and the thermocouple 113 into contact with the acceleration electrode 205 to monitor the temperature of the ion source 101 .
- the controller 108 controls the heater drive source 112 to retract the heater 111 .
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart of sample processing in the ion milling device 200 of Example 2. This flowchart is also executed by the control unit 108 after setting the sample (S301).
- the controller 108 After setting the sample and adjusting the position of the sample stage (S301), the controller 108 causes the heater drive source 112 to bring the heater 111 and the thermocouple 113 into contact with the acceleration electrode 205 (S401). After that, the controller 108 causes discharge inside the ion source and raises the heater temperature (S402). During heater heating, the temperature of the ion source 101 is monitored by the thermocouple 113, and when the temperature of the ion source 101 exceeds a predetermined value, the control unit 108 withdraws the heater 111 from the ion source 101 to heat the ion source 101. The heater driving source 112 is operated so as to stop .
- Example 2 as in Example 1, the timing of starting argon gas supply is not limited.
- control unit 108 may automatically control the shutter drive source 103 to retract the shutter 102 in a state in which the criteria for starting processing with an ion beam are satisfied, or the display unit 109 may The user may be notified that the criteria for starting processing with the beam have been met, and the user may instruct the shutter drive source 103 to retract the shutter 102 .
- the discharge voltage applied to the ion source before processing the sample to release the adsorbed gas may be higher than the discharge voltage during processing of the sample, depending on the amount of adsorbed gas. .
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Electron Sources, Ion Sources (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (8)
- 試料室と、
前記試料室内に配置され、試料を載置する試料ステージと、
アノードとカソードとの間の放電により発生した電子によって生成されたイオンを加速電極により加速することにより、前記試料に向かう非集束のイオンビームとして放出するイオン源と、
前記イオン源と前記試料ステージとの間に配置され、前記イオンビームを遮蔽する導電性のシャッターと、
前記シャッターを駆動するシャッター駆動源と、
前記シャッターにより前記イオンビームが遮蔽される状態で、前記アノードと前記カソードとの間に放電電圧及び前記アノードと前記加速電極との間に加速電圧を印加し、前記放電により前記アノードと前記カソードとの間に流れる放電電流または前記シャッターに前記イオンビームが照射されることにより流れるイオンビーム電流のいずれかが所定の基準値を下回った後に、前記シャッター駆動源により前記シャッターを前記イオンビームが遮蔽されない位置に退避可能とする制御部とを有するイオンミリング装置。 - 請求項1において、
前記制御部は、前記放電により前記アノードと前記カソードとの間に流れる放電電流または前記シャッターに前記イオンビームが照射されることにより流れるイオンビーム電流のいずれかが所定の基準値を下回り、かつ所定の期間、所定の基準範囲以下の変動幅となった後に、前記シャッター駆動源により前記シャッターを前記イオンビームが遮蔽されない位置に退避可能とするイオンミリング装置。 - 請求項1において、
前記放電電流または前記イオンビーム電流の値を表示する表示部を有するイオンミリング装置。 - 請求項3において、
前記表示部に、前記放電電流または前記イオンビーム電流のいずれかが前記所定の基準値を下回ったことが表示されるイオンミリング装置。 - 請求項1において、
ヒータと
熱電対と
前記ヒータと前記熱電対とを駆動するヒータ駆動源とを備え、
前記制御部は、前記ヒータ駆動源により、前記ヒータ及び前記熱電対を前記加速電極に接触させ、前記ヒータにより前記イオン源を加熱するイオンミリング装置。 - 請求項5において、
前記制御部は、前記熱電対により前記イオン源の温度をモニタリングし、前記イオン源の温度が所定の温度を上回ったときには、前記ヒータ駆動源により、前記ヒータを前記イオン源から退避させて前記ヒータによる前記イオン源の加熱を停止するイオンミリング装置。 - 請求項1において、
前記イオン源にアルゴンガスを供給する供給ガス制御部を有し、
前記制御部は、前記アノードと前記カソードとの間に放電電圧及び前記アノードと前記加速電極との間に加速電圧とを印加した後に、前記供給ガス制御部からの前記イオン源へのアルゴンガスの供給を開始するイオンミリング装置。 - 請求項1において、
前記アノードの内壁面は前記カソードの内壁面よりも粗面化されているイオンミリング装置。
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DE102016105462A1 (de) * | 2015-11-26 | 2017-06-01 | Von Ardenne Gmbh | Ionenstrahlquelle, Prozessieranordnung und Verfahren |
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