WO2022248540A1 - Coated live yeast and process for the production thereof - Google Patents
Coated live yeast and process for the production thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022248540A1 WO2022248540A1 PCT/EP2022/064174 EP2022064174W WO2022248540A1 WO 2022248540 A1 WO2022248540 A1 WO 2022248540A1 EP 2022064174 W EP2022064174 W EP 2022064174W WO 2022248540 A1 WO2022248540 A1 WO 2022248540A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- yeast
- live yeast
- binding agent
- live
- predetermined amount
- Prior art date
Links
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 215
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 235000014680 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 204
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229920001732 Lignosulfonate Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 235000012216 bentonite Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910000281 calcium bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000004113 Sepiolite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000019355 sepiolite Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052624 sepiolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229920001206 natural gum Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- ONCZQWJXONKSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;disodium;oxygen(2-);silicon(4+);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Na+].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4] ONCZQWJXONKSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910000280 sodium bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229940080314 sodium bentonite Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000010216 calcium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 229940041514 candida albicans extract Drugs 0.000 claims description 24
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000012138 yeast extract Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229940092782 bentonite Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000235070 Saccharomyces Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000010489 acacia gum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001785 acacia senegal l. willd gum Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000222120 Candida <Saccharomycetales> Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000235649 Kluyveromyces Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002774 Maltodextrin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013379 molasses Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 34
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000035899 viability Effects 0.000 description 12
- 230000001332 colony forming effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- YZBNXQLCEJJXSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N miliacin Chemical compound C12CCC3C4=CC(C)(C)CCC4(C)CCC3(C)C1(C)CCC1C2(C)CCC(OC)C1(C)C YZBNXQLCEJJXSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000011020 pilot scale process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229940040850 prosol Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000968 intestinal effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012620 biological material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000004767 rumen Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004459 forage Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006041 probiotic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000018291 probiotics Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000010444 Acidosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019739 Dicalciumphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 244000020551 Helianthus annuus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003222 Helianthus annuus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 231100000678 Mycotoxin Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 241000282849 Ruminantia Species 0.000 description 1
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007950 acidosis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000026545 acidosis disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003674 animal food additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019728 animal nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000036528 appetite Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019789 appetite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004113 cell culture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N choline Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CCO OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001231 choline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007931 coated granule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- NEFBYIFKOOEVPA-UHFFFAOYSA-K dicalcium phosphate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NEFBYIFKOOEVPA-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229940038472 dicalcium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000390 dicalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001079 digestive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002249 digestive system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007888 film coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009501 film coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002538 fungal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001866 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010979 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920003088 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(OC)OC(CO)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O3)O)C(CO)O2)O)C(CO)O1 UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000000987 immune system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006651 lactation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000518 lethal Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001665 lethal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000005706 microflora Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002636 mycotoxin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000052769 pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004466 pelleted feed Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000035935 pregnancy Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000529 probiotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960002181 saccharomyces boulardii Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003053 toxin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000765 toxin Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 108700012359 toxins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000005253 yeast cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/25—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by extrusion
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/30—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by encapsulating; by coating
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
- A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
- A61K9/1605—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
- A61K9/1664—Compounds of unknown constitution, e.g. material from plants or animals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
- A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
- A61K9/5005—Wall or coating material
- A61K9/501—Inorganic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/04—Preserving or maintaining viable microorganisms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/14—Fungi; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/16—Yeasts; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/18—Baker's yeast; Brewer's yeast
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/06—Fungi, e.g. yeasts
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of the feed industry as well as zootechnical industry, in particular to the fields where the consumption or the use of feed in the form of pellet comprising live yeast is provided.
- animal feed can be in the form of pellet, i.e. it can be produced in the characteristic compressed cylinder shape in different sizes, depending on the age and size of the animal for which it is intended.
- the class of “zootechnical additives” is particularly relevant, i.e. additives used to directly influence animal production parameters.
- intestinal flora stabilizers belong to this class, i.e. microorganisms which, administered in suitable doses per head per day, exert different positive effects on animal intestinal flora.
- yeasts are among the most used microorganisms in this field; in particular, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is widely used.
- the live yeast in the form of fine granulate or powder is administered by dosing in grams/ head/ day and is therefore added to a pre dosed feed amount, for a correct daily consumption.
- Such industrial process is characterized by two particular steps, i.e. conditioning and drawing, wherein high thermal stress and pressure conditions occur such as to be critical for the live yeast, drastically reducing its viability.
- the feed in the form of flour previously mixed with the live yeast, passes through a plant equipped with injectors, designed to blow steam into the mass of feed at the same time causing an increase in moisture to values between 12% and 18% and in temperature to a range between 50 °C and 90 °C.
- Such conditions are needed to arrange the feed mix ingredients and the live yeast to be subjected to the subsequent drawing step, and at the same time activate chemical-physical reactions so that certain compounds are able of expressing adhesive properties useful to the formation of a pellet which is compact and more resistant to the mechanical stress.
- the flour obtained from the previous conditioning step is pressed by means of rollers inside a die, i.e. a metal disc characterized by through holes inside which, due to the friction produced by the flour itself, the latter is compacted until it reaches the characteristic pellet shape.
- the mixture of feed and yeast, in the form of flour is subjected to increasing pressures and temperatures (even beyond 100 °C), up to the time of expulsion, where pressure decreases, and temperature is lowered by means of specific cooling systems.
- the coated probiotics currently on the market declared as "pelletizable" by the manufacturers (i.e. capable to undergo pelletizing without a significant probiotic viability loss) are usually obtained by application of the coating in particular fluidized bed systems, characterized by a flow of hot air having the function of keeping the yeast to be coated in motion and at the same time drying the coating applied by special nozzles.
- the technical problem underlying the present invention is to provide a process for the production of coated live yeast, which is simpler and more cost saving of the known ones, and which is also able of ensure a high viability of the live yeast when included in the pelleted feed.
- the present invention solves the aforesaid technical problem providing a process for the production of dried coated live yeast, comprising the steps of: a) providing a predetermined amount of dry live yeast having a particle size comprised between 300 pm and 1500 pm, a predetermined amount of a liquid binding agent, and a predetermined amount of a powdered coating agent, the powdered coating agent consisting of an inorganic substance selected from the group consisting of bentonites, calcium bentonite, sodium bentonite, vermiculites, sepiolite, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, and an organic substance selected from the group consisting of live or inactive yeast, preferably belonging to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae species, starches, natural gums, lignosulfonate, celluloses; b) adding a first fraction of said predetermined amount of liquid binding agent to said dry live yeast placed inside a mixing chamber of a seed treatment apparatus, and mixing said liquid binding agent and said live yeast; c
- the present invention solves the aforesaid technical problem by providing a process for the production of dried coated live yeast, comprising the steps of: a’) providing a predetermined amount of dry live yeast having a particle size comprised between 300 pm and 1500 pm, a predetermined amount of a liquid binding agent, and a predetermined amount of a powdered coating agent, said powdered coating agent consisting of an inorganic substance selected from the group consisting of bentonites, calcium bentonite, sodium bentonite, vermiculites, sepiolite, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, and an organic substance selected from the group consisting of live or inactive yeast, preferably belonging to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae species, starches, natural gums, lignosulfonate, celluloses; b’) adding said predetermined amount of liquid binding agent and said predetermined amount of said powdered coating agent gradually and simultaneously in 15-30 minutes to said dry live yeast placed inside a mixing chamber of a seed treatment
- inorganic substance and “inert substance” are used herein in an equivalent and interchangeable way.
- the powdered coating agent consists of a combination of an inert substance and a biological material, in which the inert substance confers a greater consistency to the final coating, whereas the biological material has the function of absorbing moisture during conditioning and pelleting steps, advantageously making the coating more elastic and adaptable to the crushing taking place during pelletizing.
- This feature of elasticity and adaptability to crushing is particularly advantageous to ensure the protection of live yeast granules during the passage through the die in the pelletizing extrusion step.
- the mechanical resistance alone of the coated granule itself when passing through the die during the extrusion step is not enough to ensure a degree of yeast viability sufficient for using the pellet to improve and stabilize the intestinal flora in animals.
- seed treatment apparatus means an apparatus suitable to carry on the specific treatment, known as “seed treatment”, consisting of applying a substance or a mixture of substances showing chemical-physical characteristics that improve the quality and/or the functionality of the granular product to the external surface of a granular product (as the dry live yeast according to the present invention having a particle size comprised between 300 pm and 1500 pm).
- seed treatment consisting of applying a substance or a mixture of substances showing chemical-physical characteristics that improve the quality and/or the functionality of the granular product to the external surface of a granular product (as the dry live yeast according to the present invention having a particle size comprised between 300 pm and 1500 pm).
- Such apparatuses can be, for example, a seed film coating machine, or a seed treatment apparatus.
- the liquid binding agent is an aqueous solution of yeast extract or lignosulfonate or natural gums or gelatin or molasses or starches or maltodextrins or bentonites or cellulose and derivatives thereof (for example, methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose), or vegetable origin glues or animal origin glues, or combinations thereof.
- natural gums means gums of vegetable origin, among which for example Arabic gum, xanthan gum, and Guar gum.
- gelatin means proper gelatin of animal origin, or a substitute thereof of vegetal origin, such as agar, extracted from algae.
- the liquid binding agent is an aqueous solution of yeast extract and lignosulfonate, or yeast extract and bentonite, or yeast extract and arabic gum, or lignosulfonate and arabic gum, more preferably it consists of an aqueous solution of lignosulfonate and yeast extract, or yeast extract and bentonite.
- the liquid binding agent has a dry matter content higher than 20% by weight, more preferably between 20% and 50% by weight, conveniently comprised between 35% and 40% by weight.
- the powdered coating agent consists of live or inactive yeast, more preferably belonging to Saccharomyces cerexnsiae species, and calcium bentonite, or it consists of live or inactive yeast, more preferably belonging to Saccharomyces cerevisiae species, and sepiolite.
- the liquid binding agent consists of an aqueous solution of lignosulfonate and yeast extract, and the powdered coating agent consists of calcium bentonite and live yeast.
- the liquid binding agent consists of an aqueous solution of bentonite and yeast extract
- the powdered coating agent consists of sepiolite and live yeast
- said dry live yeast is a yeast belonging to a genus selected from Saccharomyces, Kluyveromyces and Candida, more preferably Saccharomyces.
- the liquid binding agent is heated to a temperature comprised between 35 °C and 70 °C.
- step b) or b’) of adding the liquid binding agent is carried out by uniformly nebulizing the liquid binding agent onto the dry live yeast kept under stirring inside the mixing chamber of a seed treatment apparatus.
- the weight ratio between the predetermined amount of dry live yeast and the predetermined amount of powdered coating agent is comprised between 0.5 and 2, more preferably between 0.8 and 1.4.
- the weight ratio between the predetermined amount of liquid binding agent and the predetermined amount of coating agent is comprised between 2 and 0.5, more preferably between 1.5 and 0.5.
- the coated live yeast obtained from step d) and step b’) has a moisture content comprised between 10% and 27%, more preferably between 15% e 20%.
- the dried coated live yeast obtained from step e) and step c’) has a moisture content comprised between 2% and 5%.
- the present invention further relates to a dried coated live yeast obtained by the process as above described.
- the present invention also relates to a process for the production of feed in the form of pellet comprising the aforesaid dried coated live yeast, comprising the steps of: i) mixing the aforesaid dried coated live yeast with feed in the form of flour; and ii) pelleting the mixture of dried coated live yeast and feed obtained from step i), obtaining the aforesaid feed in the form of pellet comprising dried coated live yeast.
- the weight ratio between the dried coated live yeast and the feed in the form of flour is comprised between 0.01 and 0.0001, more preferably between 0.01 and 0.005.
- the present invention relates to feed in the form of pellet comprising dried coated live yeast obtained by the process as above described.
- the present invention allows to coat the live yeast using a process and a technology simpler and cost saving with respect to the ones known in the art.
- Such technology implies that the material to be coated, i.e. the dry live yeast, is subjected to a rotary movement, for example inside to a cylindric chamber of a special apparatus for the seed treatment, due to the movement operated by a rotating plate at the base of the chamber itself.
- the binding agent in liquid form, is nebulized onto the live yeast due to the action of a small rotating plate, centrally suspended inside the chamber and moved by a stand-alone engine.
- the liquid binding agent, contacting the plate is micronized and directed toward the mass of live yeast in movement due to the centrifuge force.
- a predetermined amount of powdered coating agent is dispersed, onto the mass of live yeast in movement in the apparatus; advantageously, due to the presence of the binding agent nebulized onto the surface of the mass of live yeast, the correct adhesion of the coating agent onto the dry live yeast is uniformly ensured.
- live yeast means that the microorganisms is viable, i.e. is capable to divide and originate colonies; such a capacity was tested by viable count experiments on plate, which determine the so-called "colony forming units" (CFU).
- CFU colony forming units
- the dry live yeast of the present invention can belong to genus Saccharomyces (for example, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces Boulardii ), Kluyveromyces and Candida; in a preferred embodiment, the live yeast is S. Cerevisiae, MUCL 39885, in a spheric dried form.
- a further advantage of the present invention is that the dry live yeast, before being coated with the binding agent and the coating agent, is sifted and the fraction with particle size less than 300 pm is discarded; in fact, such yeast fraction interferes with the activity of the binding agent and the coating agent, since favors the granulation (agglomeration) of the individual yeast spheres.
- the dried coated live yeast obtained according to the process of the present invention is dry live yeast externally coated with a binding agent and a coating agent which, due to their chemical-physical characteristics, keep the live yeast viable even during subsequent treatments, such as, for example, during a subsequent pelletizing step of the coated live yeast in mixture with other ingredients (including a feed in the form of flour for animal consumption) .
- the present invention further relates to a process for the production of feed in the form of pellet comprising the coated dried live yeast obtained according to the present invention, according to steps i) and ii) above described.
- coated live yeast means a live yeast as above defined, externally showing a coating suitable to keep high the viability of the yeast itself protecting it from mechanical, pressure, and temperature stress conditions it undergoes during pelletizing.
- the binding agent of the present invention is a liquid advantageously characterized by a high content of dissolved dry matter, preferably higher than 20%, more preferably between 20% and 50% w/w, conveniently comprised between 35% and 40% w/w.
- This high dry matter content evidently corresponds to a low water content which in turn advantageously reduces the drying times at the end of the coating step.
- the coating agent is moreover advantageously in the form of a dry powder or in the form of fine granules obtained by milling and subsequent sieving.
- the coating agent can adsorb the nebulized binding agent and get wet enough to uniformly adhere to the live yeast granules.
- a further advantage of the coating agent according to the present invention is that it avoids that the live yeast granules form large sized agglomerates, which could lead to problems in obtaining pellets having uniform size and consistency.
- the preferred live yeast external coating according to the present invention comprises the combination of calcium bentonite and S. Cerevisiae live yeast (weight ratio 1: 1) as coating agent, and the combination of lignosulfonate and yeast extract (in varying proportions), as binding agent.
- the live yeast external coating consists of the combination of calcium bentonite and S. Cerevisiae live yeast (weight ratio 1: 1) as coating agent, and the combination of lignosulfonate and yeast extract (in varying proportions), as binding agent.
- the live yeast external coating consists of the combination of sepiolite and S. Cerexnsiae live yeast (weight ratio 1: 1) as coating agent, and the combination of bentonite and yeast extract (in varying proportions), as binding agent.
- the live yeast external coating according to the present invention allows to ensure a suitable viability of the live yeast (only undergoing a loss less than 0.5Logio after pelleting) making the feed in the form of pellet comprising such yeast suitable for zootechnical use and, in particular, for use to improve and stabilize the animal intestinal flora due to the high viability of the live yeast therein contained.
- the use of the live yeast as coating agent or as a component of the coating agent favors the increase of the viability of the live yeast comprised in the pelletized feed, and further allows to advantageously re-use, within the same process, the yeast fraction discarded by sieving, i.e. the one with particle size less than 300 pm.
- the thus obtained coated live yeast is advantageously subjected to a drying step, to reduce the moisture content therein, improving the mechanical strength, the flowing and the handling easiness, obtaining the aforesaid dried coated live yeast.
- feed in the form of pellet means a feed suitable for animal consumption which has undergone a pelletizing process, a technique for forming powdery material (in this instance, feed) that allows to convert it into spheroidal or cylindrical granules, thus facilitating packaging and use thereof.
- pelletizing e “pelleting” are used herein in an equivalent and interchangeable way.
- the feed in the form of pellet according to the invention allows a simple administration of live yeast even of few grams/ head /day, since the live yeast is comprised in the pellet, which can easily be divided into rations and dosed.
- a "Rotary 6" pilot apparatus supplied by Centor Europe (the coating chamber of the apparatus has the capacity to accommodate about 250 grams of finished product) was used.
- the rotating speed of the plate of such apparatus was between 400 rpm and 1000 rpm, which is enough to ensure a continuous motion of the yeast, avoiding its accumulation on the rotary plate.
- the speed is increased from minimum to maximum as a function of the weight gain of the yeast particles as these are coated.
- the binding agent was prepared by heating 100 ml of liquid yeast extract (yeast extract, Prosol S.p.a.) at 40% dry matter at a temperature of 60 °C.
- the coating agent was prepared by mixing 60 g of calcium bentonite (in the form of dry powder) and 60 g of inactive yeast S. cerexnsiae (in the form of dry powder) .
- binding agent and coating agent were alternately added to the live yeast; in particular, 0.83 ml of binding agent for each gram of powdered coating agent were added.
- the live yeast coating was carried out in an overall time of about 40 minutes.
- the thus obtained coated live yeast showed a moisture of about 18%.
- the hardening of the coating and the removal of the moisture from the coated live yeast were obtained by subjecting the thus obtained coated live yeast to a drying step in a metallic coating pan externally heated by hot air (temperature 70 °C) for 120 minutes.
- the coated live yeast showed a moisture of 2.6%, and a viable count of 8.94xl0 9 CFU/g.
- the coated live yeast obtained as above was mixed for 4 minutes to a feed (feed mixture specially produced by Agricom International s.r.L, with the following composition: 35% wheat distiller, 32.5% dehulled soybean, 20% dehulled sunflower, 5% sodium bicarbonate, 3% calcium carbonate, 2% sodium chloride, 2% urea, 0.48% dicalcium phosphate, 0.02% rumen protected choline) in the form of flour, adding 6 grams of coated live yeast for each kilogram of feed.
- feed specially produced by Agricom International s.r.L, with the following composition: 35% wheat distiller, 32.5% dehulled soybean, 20% dehulled sunflower, 5% sodium bicarbonate, 3% calcium carbonate, 2% sodium chloride, 2% urea, 0.48% dicalcium phosphate, 0.02% rumen protected choline
- the mixture of coated live yeast and feed was subjected to a pelleting step by Ceccato mod 7.5HP pelleting machine, with extrusion through a flat die equipped with 6 mm holes.
- the pelleting was carried out after conditioning the machine: a flour amount was recycled on the pelleting machine as long as the extruded pellet reached a temperature between 80 and 90 °C, then the remaining flour part was loaded in the pellet mill and the obtained pellet was recovered.
- Such pellet was then cooled with compressed air, up to a temperature of 30 °C.
- CFU colony forming units
- the detected colony forming units are shown in Table 1 below, expressed on a decimal and logarithmic basis.
- Table 1 CFU of the mixture of feed in the form of flour and (pre-pelleting) coated live yeast, and of the pellet according to Example 1.
- a “Centricoater Lab” apparatus supplied from Cimbria, was used.
- 800 grams of live yeast S. cerevisiae, MUCL 39885 (BIOSPRINT®, Prosol S.p.a) were loaded, previously sieved to select a particle size between 500 pm and 1200 pm, and having a viable count of 1.85xl0 10 CFU/g.
- the rotating speed of the plate of such apparatus was between 400 rpm and 1000 rpm.
- the speed is increased from minimum to maximum as a function of the weight gain of the yeast particles as these are coated.
- the binding agent was prepared by mixing 400 ml of liquid yeast extract at 40% dry matter used in Example 1, and 400 ml of lignosulfonate (Burgo Group s.p.a.) in an aqueous solution at 40% dry matter, keeping the thus obtained mixture at a temperature of 70 °C.
- the coating agent was prepared by mixing 480 g of calcium bentonite (in the form of dry powder) and 480 g of active yeast S. cerevisiae (in the form of dry powder), used in Example 1.
- binding agent and coating agent were alternately added to the live yeast; in particular, 0,83 ml of binding agent for each gram of powder coating agent were added.
- the live yeast coating was carried out in an overall time of about 40 minutes.
- the thus obtained coated live yeast showed a moisture of about 20%.
- the hardening of the coating and the removal of the moisture from the coated live yeast were obtained subjecting the thus obtained coated live yeast to a drying step in a metallic coating pan externally heated by hot air (temperature 70 °C) for 120 minutes.
- the coated live yeast showed a moisture of 3%, and a viable count of 9.58xl0 9 CFU/g.
- the pelleting step was carried out as described in Example 1.
- CFU colony forming units
- the rotating speed of the plate of such apparatus is between 400 rpm and 1000 rpm.
- the speed is increased from minimum to maximum as a function of the weight gain of the yeast particles as these are coated.
- the binding agent was prepared by mixing 116 ml of liquid yeast extract at 40% dry matter used in Example 1, and 4 g of bentonite (in the form of dry powder), keeping the thus obtained mixture at a temperature of 65 °C.
- the coating agent was prepared by mixing 60 g of sepiolite (in the form of dry powder) and 60 g of active yeast S. cerexnsiae (in the form of dry powder) .
- binding agent and coating agent were alternately added to the live yeast; in particular, 1 ml of binding agent for each gram of powdered coating agent was added.
- the live yeast coating was carried out in an overall time of about 40 minutes.
- the thus obtained coated live yeast showed a moisture of about 25%.
- the hardening of the coating and the removal of the moisture from the coated live yeast were obtained subjecting the thus obtained coated live yeast to a drying step in a metallic coating pan externally heated by hot air (temperature 70 °C) for 120 minutes.
- the coated live yeast showed a moisture of 2.9%, and a viable count of 9.88xl0 9 CFU/g.
- the pelleting step was carried out as described in Example 1.
- CFU colony forming units
- the detected colony forming units are shown in Table 3 below, expressed on a decimal and logarithmic basis.
- Table 3 CFU of the mixture of feed in the form of flour and (pre-pelleting) coated live yeast, and of the pellet according to Example 3.
- the rotating speed of the plate of such apparatus is between 200 rpm and 900 rpm.
- the speed is increased from minimum to maximum as a function of the weight gain of the yeast particles as these are coated.
- the binding agent was prepared by mixing 500 ml of liquid yeast extract (used in Example 1) at 35% dry matter, and 50 g of sodium bentonite (in the form of dry powder), keeping the thus obtained mixture at a temperature of 65 °C.
- the coating agent was constituted by 190 g of inactive yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and 310 g of sodium bentonite (in the form of dry powder).
- binding agent and coating agent were simultaneously and gradually added to the live yeast; in particular, 1 ml of binding agent for each gram of powdered coating agent was added.
- the live yeast coating was carried out in an overall time of about 20 minutes.
- the thus obtained coated live yeast showed a moisture of about 25%.
- the hardening of the coating and the removal of the moisture from the coated live yeast were obtained subjecting the thus obtained coated live yeast to a drying step in a pilot scale fluid bed machine, (inlet air flow temperature 50 °C) for 120 minutes.
- the coated live yeast showed a moisture of 3.9%, and a viable count of 1.08xl0 10 CFU/g.
- the pelleting step was carried out as described in Example 1 , except for the coated yeast inclusion: 2 grams of coated live yeast for each kilogram of feed were added.
- CFU colony forming units
- the detected colony forming units are shown in Table 4 below, expressed on a decimal and logarithmic basis.
- Table 4 CFU of the mixture of feed in the form of flour and (pre-pelleting) coated live yeast, and of the pellet according to Example 4.
- Example 2 4 grams of not-coated live yeast S. cerevisiae MUCL 39885, used in Example 1, were mixed with 2000 grams of feed in the form of flour, used in Example
- the live yeast was not coated with any biding agent or coating agent before the mixing to the feed and the subsequent pelleting.
- CFU colony forming units
- Table 4 The detected colony forming units are shown in Table 4 below, expressed on a decimal and logarithmic basis.
- Table 4 CFU of the mixture of feed in the form of flour and not-coated live yeast (pre-pelleting), and of the pellet according to Example 4.
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Abstract
A process for the production of dried coated live yeast, comprising the steps of: a) providing a predetermined amount of dry live yeast having a particle size comprised between 300 µm and 1500 µm, a predetermined amount of a liquid binding agent, and a predetermined amount of a powdered coating agent, the powdered coating agent consisting of an inorganic substance selected from the group consisting of bentonites, calcium bentonite, sodium bentonite, vermiculites, sepiolite, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, and an organic substance selected from the group consisting of live or inactive yeast, preferably belonging to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae species, starches, natural gums, lignosulfonate, celluloses; b) adding a first fraction of the predetermined amount of liquid binding agent to said dry live yeast placed inside a mixing chamber of a seed treatment apparatus, and mixing the liquid binding agent and the live yeast; c) adding a first fraction of the predetermined amount of the powdered coating agent, and mixing it to the mixture obtained from step b); d) repeating steps b) and c), by alternately adding further fractions of the predetermined amounts of liquid binding agent and powdered coating agent until complete addition of the predetermined amounts of liquid binding agent and powdered coating agent, obtaining coated live yeast; e) drying the coated live yeast obtained from step d), obtaining said dried coated live yeast.
Description
Title: Coated live yeast and process for the production thereof
DESCRIPTION
Application field
The present invention relates to the field of the feed industry as well as zootechnical industry, in particular to the fields where the consumption or the use of feed in the form of pellet comprising live yeast is provided.
Background art
It is known that animal feed can be in the form of pellet, i.e. it can be produced in the characteristic compressed cylinder shape in different sizes, depending on the age and size of the animal for which it is intended.
It is further known the use of additives in feeds to improve the quality of the animal nutrition in a specific manner, to ensure and maintain a good state of health of the gastrointestinal tract, which in turn has a positive effect on the production performance of the animal itself.
Among the feed additives, the class of “zootechnical additives” is particularly relevant, i.e. additives used to directly influence animal production parameters.
The so-called “intestinal flora stabilizers” belong to this class, i.e. microorganisms which, administered in suitable doses per head per day, exert different positive effects on animal intestinal flora.
It is also known that yeasts are among the most used microorganisms in this field; in particular, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is widely used.
In fact, it is known that, in these particular application fields, the functions of this fungal microorganism are manifold: controlling the composition of the microbial population in the animal gastrointestinal tract, preventing the colonization by pathogens, inhibiting the action of toxins and mycotoxins and modulating the immune system. (Dawson, The Application of yeast and yeast derivatives in the poultry industry, Proc. Austr. Poult. Sci. Symp. 13: 100-105) .
In particular, the addition of live cell cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in powder or in the form of granulate in the forage of ruminant animal farms is known, since they stimulate the digestive microflora, positively influence the intake of forage, stabilize the rumen stomach pH and enhance the activity of the bacteria responsible for the digestion of cellulose and fibers, increasing the efficiency of rumen fermentation (Bailey, The Benefits of Yeast Culture and Yeast Cell Wall Components in Beef Cattle, Marsyt, An Agricultural Company, 2016).
It is further known that, with particular reference to lactating animals, the addition of such yeast to the feed also positively influences the nutrient assimilation efficiency and the animal weight increase as it stimulates its appetite and at the same time prevents acidosis phenomena due to the increased consumption of starch by the animal both during pregnancy and during the lactation phase.
Generally, the live yeast in the form of fine granulate or powder is administered by dosing in grams/ head/ day and is therefore added to a pre dosed feed amount, for a correct daily consumption.
However, such administration step is particularly difficult due to the live yeast dosages which, generally, are a few grams/ head/ day.
It is also known the method to add yeast to the pre-pelletizing feed flour, so that it remains included in the pellet following the industrial process of pelletizing.
Such industrial process is characterized by two particular steps, i.e. conditioning and drawing, wherein high thermal stress and pressure conditions occur such as to be critical for the live yeast, drastically reducing its viability.
In particular, during the conditioning step, the feed in the form of flour, previously mixed with the live yeast, passes through a plant equipped with injectors, designed to blow steam into the mass of feed at the same time causing an increase in moisture to values between 12% and 18% and in temperature to a range between 50 °C and 90 °C.
Such conditions are needed to arrange the feed mix ingredients and the live
yeast to be subjected to the subsequent drawing step, and at the same time activate chemical-physical reactions so that certain compounds are able of expressing adhesive properties useful to the formation of a pellet which is compact and more resistant to the mechanical stress.
In the drawing step, the flour obtained from the previous conditioning step is pressed by means of rollers inside a die, i.e. a metal disc characterized by through holes inside which, due to the friction produced by the flour itself, the latter is compacted until it reaches the characteristic pellet shape.
By passing through the aforesaid die, the mixture of feed and yeast, in the form of flour, is subjected to increasing pressures and temperatures (even beyond 100 °C), up to the time of expulsion, where pressure decreases, and temperature is lowered by means of specific cooling systems.
It is known that high temperatures and pressures are lethal to yeasts (whose growth temperature is typically between 28 °C and 30 °C) which therefore lose viability following pelletizing; as a result, the thus obtained pellet will have reduced ability to carry out its beneficial activity in the animal digestive system due to the poor viability of the yeast therein contained.
To overcome such issue, coating the yeast with a protective coating of variable thicknesses and materials is known.
The coated probiotics currently on the market, declared as "pelletizable" by the manufacturers (i.e. capable to undergo pelletizing without a significant probiotic viability loss) are usually obtained by application of the coating in particular fluidized bed systems, characterized by a flow of hot air having the function of keeping the yeast to be coated in motion and at the same time drying the coating applied by special nozzles.
However, such plants are really expensive, both as initial purchase investment and operating costs.
It is evident that the processes of the background art are disadvantageous since imply a significant increase in production costs for the use of specific live yeast coating plants.
Therefore, the technical problem underlying the present invention is to
provide a process for the production of coated live yeast, which is simpler and more cost saving of the known ones, and which is also able of ensure a high viability of the live yeast when included in the pelleted feed.
Summary of the invention
In a first aspect thereof, the present invention solves the aforesaid technical problem providing a process for the production of dried coated live yeast, comprising the steps of: a) providing a predetermined amount of dry live yeast having a particle size comprised between 300 pm and 1500 pm, a predetermined amount of a liquid binding agent, and a predetermined amount of a powdered coating agent, the powdered coating agent consisting of an inorganic substance selected from the group consisting of bentonites, calcium bentonite, sodium bentonite, vermiculites, sepiolite, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, and an organic substance selected from the group consisting of live or inactive yeast, preferably belonging to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae species, starches, natural gums, lignosulfonate, celluloses; b) adding a first fraction of said predetermined amount of liquid binding agent to said dry live yeast placed inside a mixing chamber of a seed treatment apparatus, and mixing said liquid binding agent and said live yeast; c) adding a first fraction of said predetermined amount of said powdered coating agent, and mixing it to the mixture obtained from step b); d) repeating said steps b) and c), by alternately adding further fractions of said predetermined amounts of liquid binding agent and powdered coating agent until complete addition of said predetermined amounts of liquid binding agent and powdered coating agent, thus obtaining coated live yeast; e) drying said coated live yeast obtained from step d), thus obtaining said dried coated live yeast.
In another aspect thereof, the present invention solves the aforesaid technical problem by providing a process for the production of dried coated live yeast, comprising the steps of:
a’) providing a predetermined amount of dry live yeast having a particle size comprised between 300 pm and 1500 pm, a predetermined amount of a liquid binding agent, and a predetermined amount of a powdered coating agent, said powdered coating agent consisting of an inorganic substance selected from the group consisting of bentonites, calcium bentonite, sodium bentonite, vermiculites, sepiolite, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, and an organic substance selected from the group consisting of live or inactive yeast, preferably belonging to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae species, starches, natural gums, lignosulfonate, celluloses; b’) adding said predetermined amount of liquid binding agent and said predetermined amount of said powdered coating agent gradually and simultaneously in 15-30 minutes to said dry live yeast placed inside a mixing chamber of a seed treatment apparatus and kept under stirring, thus obtaining coated live yeast; c’) drying said coated live yeast obtained from step b’), thus obtaining said dried coated live yeast.
The expressions “inorganic substance” and “inert substance” are used herein in an equivalent and interchangeable way.
The expressions “organic substance” and “biological material”_are used herein in an equivalent and interchangeable way.
As mentioned before, the powdered coating agent consists of a combination of an inert substance and a biological material, in which the inert substance confers a greater consistency to the final coating, whereas the biological material has the function of absorbing moisture during conditioning and pelleting steps, advantageously making the coating more elastic and adaptable to the crushing taking place during pelletizing.
This feature of elasticity and adaptability to crushing is particularly advantageous to ensure the protection of live yeast granules during the passage through the die in the pelletizing extrusion step.
In fact, the mechanical resistance alone of the coated granule itself when passing through the die during the extrusion step is not enough to ensure
a degree of yeast viability sufficient for using the pellet to improve and stabilize the intestinal flora in animals.
The term “seed treatment apparatus”, as used herein, means an apparatus suitable to carry on the specific treatment, known as “seed treatment”, consisting of applying a substance or a mixture of substances showing chemical-physical characteristics that improve the quality and/or the functionality of the granular product to the external surface of a granular product (as the dry live yeast according to the present invention having a particle size comprised between 300 pm and 1500 pm). Such apparatuses can be, for example, a seed film coating machine, or a seed treatment apparatus.
Preferably, the liquid binding agent is an aqueous solution of yeast extract or lignosulfonate or natural gums or gelatin or molasses or starches or maltodextrins or bentonites or cellulose and derivatives thereof (for example, methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose), or vegetable origin glues or animal origin glues, or combinations thereof.
As herein used, the term “natural gums” means gums of vegetable origin, among which for example Arabic gum, xanthan gum, and Guar gum.
As herein used, the term “gelatin” means proper gelatin of animal origin, or a substitute thereof of vegetal origin, such as agar, extracted from algae.
Preferably, the liquid binding agent is an aqueous solution of yeast extract and lignosulfonate, or yeast extract and bentonite, or yeast extract and arabic gum, or lignosulfonate and arabic gum, more preferably it consists of an aqueous solution of lignosulfonate and yeast extract, or yeast extract and bentonite.
Preferably, the liquid binding agent has a dry matter content higher than 20% by weight, more preferably between 20% and 50% by weight, conveniently comprised between 35% and 40% by weight.
Preferably, the powdered coating agent consists of live or inactive yeast, more preferably belonging to Saccharomyces cerexnsiae species, and calcium bentonite, or it consists of live or inactive yeast, more preferably belonging to Saccharomyces cerevisiae species, and sepiolite.
Preferably, the liquid binding agent consists of an aqueous solution of lignosulfonate and yeast extract, and the powdered coating agent consists of calcium bentonite and live yeast.
In an equally preferred embodiment, the liquid binding agent consists of an aqueous solution of bentonite and yeast extract, and the powdered coating agent consists of sepiolite and live yeast.
Preferably, said dry live yeast is a yeast belonging to a genus selected from Saccharomyces, Kluyveromyces and Candida, more preferably Saccharomyces.
Preferably, before step b) and before step b’), the liquid binding agent is heated to a temperature comprised between 35 °C and 70 °C.
Preferably, step b) or b’) of adding the liquid binding agent is carried out by uniformly nebulizing the liquid binding agent onto the dry live yeast kept under stirring inside the mixing chamber of a seed treatment apparatus.
Preferably, the weight ratio between the predetermined amount of dry live yeast and the predetermined amount of powdered coating agent is comprised between 0.5 and 2, more preferably between 0.8 and 1.4.
Preferably, the weight ratio between the predetermined amount of liquid binding agent and the predetermined amount of coating agent is comprised between 2 and 0.5, more preferably between 1.5 and 0.5.
Preferably, the coated live yeast obtained from step d) and step b’) has a moisture content comprised between 10% and 27%, more preferably between 15% e 20%.
Preferably, the dried coated live yeast obtained from step e) and step c’) has a moisture content comprised between 2% and 5%.
In another aspect thereof, the present invention further relates to a dried coated live yeast obtained by the process as above described.
In a further aspect thereof, the present invention also relates to a process for the production of feed in the form of pellet comprising the aforesaid dried coated live yeast, comprising the steps of:
i) mixing the aforesaid dried coated live yeast with feed in the form of flour; and ii) pelleting the mixture of dried coated live yeast and feed obtained from step i), obtaining the aforesaid feed in the form of pellet comprising dried coated live yeast.
Preferably, in step i) the weight ratio between the dried coated live yeast and the feed in the form of flour is comprised between 0.01 and 0.0001, more preferably between 0.01 and 0.005.
In a still further aspect thereof, the present invention relates to feed in the form of pellet comprising dried coated live yeast obtained by the process as above described.
Advantageously, the present invention allows to coat the live yeast using a process and a technology simpler and cost saving with respect to the ones known in the art.
Such technology implies that the material to be coated, i.e. the dry live yeast, is subjected to a rotary movement, for example inside to a cylindric chamber of a special apparatus for the seed treatment, due to the movement operated by a rotating plate at the base of the chamber itself.
The binding agent, in liquid form, is nebulized onto the live yeast due to the action of a small rotating plate, centrally suspended inside the chamber and moved by a stand-alone engine. In particular, the liquid binding agent, contacting the plate, is micronized and directed toward the mass of live yeast in movement due to the centrifuge force.
Also, a predetermined amount of powdered coating agent is dispersed, onto the mass of live yeast in movement in the apparatus; advantageously, due to the presence of the binding agent nebulized onto the surface of the mass of live yeast, the correct adhesion of the coating agent onto the dry live yeast is uniformly ensured.
The term “live yeast”, as herein used, means that the microorganisms is viable, i.e. is capable to divide and originate colonies; such a capacity was tested by viable count experiments on plate, which determine the so-called "colony forming units" (CFU).
Advantageously, the dry live yeast of the present invention can belong to genus Saccharomyces (for example, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces Boulardii ), Kluyveromyces and Candida; in a preferred embodiment, the live yeast is S. Cerevisiae, MUCL 39885, in a spheric dried form.
A further advantage of the present invention is that the dry live yeast, before being coated with the binding agent and the coating agent, is sifted and the fraction with particle size less than 300 pm is discarded; in fact, such yeast fraction interferes with the activity of the binding agent and the coating agent, since favors the granulation (agglomeration) of the individual yeast spheres.
Advantageously, the dried coated live yeast obtained according to the process of the present invention is dry live yeast externally coated with a binding agent and a coating agent which, due to their chemical-physical characteristics, keep the live yeast viable even during subsequent treatments, such as, for example, during a subsequent pelletizing step of the coated live yeast in mixture with other ingredients (including a feed in the form of flour for animal consumption) .
In fact, in an aspect thereof, the present invention further relates to a process for the production of feed in the form of pellet comprising the coated dried live yeast obtained according to the present invention, according to steps i) and ii) above described.
As herein used, the term “coated live yeast” means a live yeast as above defined, externally showing a coating suitable to keep high the viability of the yeast itself protecting it from mechanical, pressure, and temperature stress conditions it undergoes during pelletizing.
In particular, the binding agent of the present invention is a liquid advantageously characterized by a high content of dissolved dry matter, preferably higher than 20%, more preferably between 20% and 50% w/w, conveniently comprised between 35% and 40% w/w. This high dry matter content evidently corresponds to a low water content which in turn advantageously reduces the drying times at the end of the coating step.
In addition to its advantages discussed above in protecting live yeast
granules during the pelletizing extrusion step, the coating agent is moreover advantageously in the form of a dry powder or in the form of fine granules obtained by milling and subsequent sieving. In fact, due to its substantially powdery form, the coating agent can adsorb the nebulized binding agent and get wet enough to uniformly adhere to the live yeast granules.
A further advantage of the coating agent according to the present invention is that it avoids that the live yeast granules form large sized agglomerates, which could lead to problems in obtaining pellets having uniform size and consistency.
The preferred live yeast external coating according to the present invention comprises the combination of calcium bentonite and S. Cerevisiae live yeast (weight ratio 1: 1) as coating agent, and the combination of lignosulfonate and yeast extract (in varying proportions), as binding agent.
In an equally preferred embodiment of the present invention, the live yeast external coating consists of the combination of calcium bentonite and S. Cerevisiae live yeast (weight ratio 1: 1) as coating agent, and the combination of lignosulfonate and yeast extract (in varying proportions), as binding agent.
In a further equally preferred embodiment of the present invention, the live yeast external coating consists of the combination of sepiolite and S. Cerexnsiae live yeast (weight ratio 1: 1) as coating agent, and the combination of bentonite and yeast extract (in varying proportions), as binding agent.
Advantageously, the live yeast external coating according to the present invention allows to ensure a suitable viability of the live yeast (only undergoing a loss less than 0.5Logio after pelleting) making the feed in the form of pellet comprising such yeast suitable for zootechnical use and, in particular, for use to improve and stabilize the animal intestinal flora due to the high viability of the live yeast therein contained.
Further, the use of the live yeast as coating agent or as a component of the coating agent favors the increase of the viability of the live yeast comprised in the pelletized feed, and further allows to advantageously re-use, within the same process, the yeast fraction discarded by sieving, i.e. the one with particle size less than 300 pm.
Finally, once uniformly coated, the thus obtained coated live yeast is advantageously subjected to a drying step, to reduce the moisture content therein, improving the mechanical strength, the flowing and the handling easiness, obtaining the aforesaid dried coated live yeast.
The term “feed in the form of pellet” means a feed suitable for animal consumption which has undergone a pelletizing process, a technique for forming powdery material (in this instance, feed) that allows to convert it into spheroidal or cylindrical granules, thus facilitating packaging and use thereof.
The terms “pelletizing” e “pelleting” are used herein in an equivalent and interchangeable way.
Advantageously, the feed in the form of pellet according to the invention allows a simple administration of live yeast even of few grams/ head /day, since the live yeast is comprised in the pellet, which can easily be divided into rations and dosed.
Detailed description of a preferred embodiment
Further characteristics and advantages of the present invention will be evident from the following description of an exemplary embodiment, provided for illustrative and non-limiting purposes.
EXAMPLE 1
- Live yeast coating step
For the live yeast coating step on a pilot scale, a "Rotary 6" pilot apparatus, supplied by Centor Europe (the coating chamber of the apparatus has the capacity to accommodate about 250 grams of finished product) was used.
In such apparatus, 100 grams of live yeast S. cerevisiae, MUCL 39885 (BIOSPRINT®, Prosol S.p.a) were loaded, previously sieved to select a particle size between 500 pm and 1200 pm, and having a viable count of 1.85xl010 CFU/g.
The rotating speed of the plate of such apparatus was between 400 rpm and 1000 rpm, which is enough to ensure a continuous motion of the yeast,
avoiding its accumulation on the rotary plate.
The speed is increased from minimum to maximum as a function of the weight gain of the yeast particles as these are coated.
The binding agent was prepared by heating 100 ml of liquid yeast extract (yeast extract, Prosol S.p.a.) at 40% dry matter at a temperature of 60 °C.
The coating agent was prepared by mixing 60 g of calcium bentonite (in the form of dry powder) and 60 g of inactive yeast S. cerexnsiae (in the form of dry powder) .
The aforesaid binding agent and coating agent were alternately added to the live yeast; in particular, 0.83 ml of binding agent for each gram of powdered coating agent were added.
The live yeast coating was carried out in an overall time of about 40 minutes.
The thus obtained coated live yeast showed a moisture of about 18%.
The hardening of the coating and the removal of the moisture from the coated live yeast were obtained by subjecting the thus obtained coated live yeast to a drying step in a metallic coating pan externally heated by hot air (temperature 70 °C) for 120 minutes.
At the end of such drying step, the coated live yeast showed a moisture of 2.6%, and a viable count of 8.94xl09 CFU/g.
- Pelleting step
The coated live yeast obtained as above was mixed for 4 minutes to a feed (feed mixture specially produced by Agricom International s.r.L, with the following composition: 35% wheat distiller, 32.5% dehulled soybean, 20% dehulled sunflower, 5% sodium bicarbonate, 3% calcium carbonate, 2% sodium chloride, 2% urea, 0.48% dicalcium phosphate, 0.02% rumen protected choline) in the form of flour, adding 6 grams of coated live yeast for each kilogram of feed.
Then, the mixture of coated live yeast and feed was subjected to a pelleting step by Ceccato mod 7.5HP pelleting machine, with extrusion through a flat
die equipped with 6 mm holes.
The pelleting was carried out after conditioning the machine: a flour amount was recycled on the pelleting machine as long as the extruded pellet reached a temperature between 80 and 90 °C, then the remaining flour part was loaded in the pellet mill and the obtained pellet was recovered.
Such pellet was then cooled with compressed air, up to a temperature of 30 °C.
A representative sample of 200 g of the thus obtained pellet was subjected to analysis to determinate the value of colony forming units (CFU) in the pellet; the same analysis was carried out also on the aforesaid mixture of feed flour and coated live yeast before pelleting (pre-pelleting) .
The detected colony forming units are shown in Table 1 below, expressed on a decimal and logarithmic basis.
Table 1 : CFU of the mixture of feed in the form of flour and (pre-pelleting) coated live yeast, and of the pellet according to Example 1.
EXAMPLE 2
- Live yeast coating step
For the live yeast coating step on a pilot scale, a “Centricoater Lab” apparatus supplied from Cimbria, was used. In such apparatus, 800 grams of live yeast S. cerevisiae, MUCL 39885 (BIOSPRINT®, Prosol S.p.a) were loaded, previously sieved to select a particle size between 500 pm and 1200 pm, and having a viable count of 1.85xl010 CFU/g.
The rotating speed of the plate of such apparatus was between 400 rpm and 1000 rpm.
The speed is increased from minimum to maximum as a function of the weight gain of the yeast particles as these are coated.
The binding agent was prepared by mixing 400 ml of liquid yeast extract at 40% dry matter used in Example 1, and 400 ml of lignosulfonate (Burgo Group s.p.a.) in an aqueous solution at 40% dry matter, keeping the thus obtained mixture at a temperature of 70 °C.
The coating agent was prepared by mixing 480 g of calcium bentonite (in the form of dry powder) and 480 g of active yeast S. cerevisiae (in the form of dry powder), used in Example 1.
The aforesaid binding agent and coating agent were alternately added to the live yeast; in particular, 0,83 ml of binding agent for each gram of powder coating agent were added.
The live yeast coating was carried out in an overall time of about 40 minutes.
The thus obtained coated live yeast showed a moisture of about 20%.
The hardening of the coating and the removal of the moisture from the coated live yeast were obtained subjecting the thus obtained coated live yeast to a drying step in a metallic coating pan externally heated by hot air (temperature 70 °C) for 120 minutes.
At the end of such drying step, the coated live yeast showed a moisture of 3%, and a viable count of 9.58xl09 CFU/g.
- Pelleting step
The pelleting step was carried out as described in Example 1.
At the end of the pelleting step, a representative sample of 200 g of pellet was subjected to analysis to determinate the value of colony forming units (CFU) in the pellet; the same analysis was carried out also on the aforesaid mixture of feed flour and pre-pelleting coated live yeast.
The detected colony forming units are shown in Table 2 below, expressed on a decimal and logarithmic basis.
Table 2: CFU of the mixture of feed in the form of flour and (pre-pelleting) coated live yeast, and of the pellet according to Example 2. EXAMPLE 3
- Live yeast coating step
For the live yeast coating step on a pilot scale, a "Rotary 6" pilot apparatus, supplied by Centor Europe was used.
In such apparatus, 100 grams of live yeast S. cerevisiae, MUCL 39885 (BIOSPRINT®, Prosol S.p.a) were loaded, previously sieved to select a particle size between 500 pm and 1200 pm, and having a viable count of 1.85xl010 CFU/g.
The rotating speed of the plate of such apparatus is between 400 rpm and 1000 rpm. The speed is increased from minimum to maximum as a function of the weight gain of the yeast particles as these are coated.
The binding agent was prepared by mixing 116 ml of liquid yeast extract at 40% dry matter used in Example 1, and 4 g of bentonite (in the form of dry powder), keeping the thus obtained mixture at a temperature of 65 °C. The coating agent was prepared by mixing 60 g of sepiolite (in the form of dry powder) and 60 g of active yeast S. cerexnsiae (in the form of dry powder) .
The aforesaid binding agent and coating agent were alternately added to the live yeast; in particular, 1 ml of binding agent for each gram of powdered
coating agent was added.
The live yeast coating was carried out in an overall time of about 40 minutes.
The thus obtained coated live yeast showed a moisture of about 25%. The hardening of the coating and the removal of the moisture from the coated live yeast were obtained subjecting the thus obtained coated live yeast to a drying step in a metallic coating pan externally heated by hot air (temperature 70 °C) for 120 minutes.
At the end of such drying step, the coated live yeast showed a moisture of 2.9%, and a viable count of 9.88xl09 CFU/g.
- Pelleting step
The pelleting step was carried out as described in Example 1.
At the end of the pelleting step, a representative sample of 200 g of pellet was subjected to analysis to determinate the value of colony forming units (CFU) in the pellet; the same analysis was carried out also on the aforesaid mixture of feed flour and pre-pelleting coated live yeast.
The detected colony forming units are shown in Table 3 below, expressed on a decimal and logarithmic basis.
Table 3: CFU of the mixture of feed in the form of flour and (pre-pelleting) coated live yeast, and of the pellet according to Example 3.
EXAMPLE 4
- Live yeast coating step
For the live yeast coating step on a pilot scale, a "ML2000" pilot apparatus, supplied by SATEC Equipment GmbH was used.
In such apparatus, 800 grams of live yeast S. cerevisiae, MUCL 39885 (BIOSPRINT®, Prosol S.p.a) were loaded, previously sieved to select a particle size between 500 pm and 1200 pm, and having a viable count of 1.88xl010 CFU/g.
The rotating speed of the plate of such apparatus is between 200 rpm and 900 rpm.
The speed is increased from minimum to maximum as a function of the weight gain of the yeast particles as these are coated.
The binding agent was prepared by mixing 500 ml of liquid yeast extract (used in Example 1) at 35% dry matter, and 50 g of sodium bentonite (in the form of dry powder), keeping the thus obtained mixture at a temperature of 65 °C.
The coating agent was constituted by 190 g of inactive yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and 310 g of sodium bentonite (in the form of dry powder).
The aforesaid binding agent and coating agent were simultaneously and gradually added to the live yeast; in particular, 1 ml of binding agent for each gram of powdered coating agent was added.
The live yeast coating was carried out in an overall time of about 20 minutes.
The thus obtained coated live yeast showed a moisture of about 25%.
The hardening of the coating and the removal of the moisture from the coated live yeast were obtained subjecting the thus obtained coated live yeast to a drying step in a pilot scale fluid bed machine, (inlet air flow temperature 50 °C) for 120 minutes.
At the end of such drying step, the coated live yeast showed a moisture of 3.9%, and a viable count of 1.08xl010 CFU/g.
- Pelleting step
The pelleting step was carried out as described in Example 1 , except for the coated yeast inclusion: 2 grams of coated live yeast for each kilogram of feed were added.
At the end of the pelleting step, a representative sample of 400 g of pellet was subjected to analysis to determinate the value of colony forming units (CFU) in the pellet; the same analysis was carried out also on the aforesaid mixture of feed flour and pre-pelleting coated live yeast.
The detected colony forming units are shown in Table 4 below, expressed on a decimal and logarithmic basis.
Table 4: CFU of the mixture of feed in the form of flour and (pre-pelleting) coated live yeast, and of the pellet according to Example 4.
EXAMPLE 5
In order to demonstrate the efficacy of the coating on the live yeast, the test below described was carried out.
4 grams of not-coated live yeast S. cerevisiae MUCL 39885, used in Example 1, were mixed with 2000 grams of feed in the form of flour, used in Example
1.
The resulting mixture was then subjected to the pelleting step according to Example 1.
Therefore, in this Example, the live yeast was not coated with any biding agent or coating agent before the mixing to the feed and the subsequent pelleting.
At the end of the pelleting step, a representative sample of 200 g of pellet was subjected to analysis to determinate the value of colony forming units
(CFU) in the pellet; the same analysis was carried out also on the aforesaid mixture of feed flour and pre-pelleting live yeast.
The detected colony forming units are shown in Table 4 below, expressed on a decimal and logarithmic basis.
Table 4: CFU of the mixture of feed in the form of flour and not-coated live yeast (pre-pelleting), and of the pellet according to Example 4.
The results in Table 4 show how the viability of the live yeast, without coating, is greatly reduced after the pelleting step. Such result is due to the fact that, without any protective coating, the live yeast is completely exposed to the high temperature and pressure conditions typical of the pelleting, which drastically reduce the yeast viability.
Claims
1. A process for the production of dried coated live yeast, comprising the steps of: a) providing a predetermined amount of dry live yeast having a particle size comprised between 300 pm and 1500 pm, a predetermined amount of a liquid binding agent, and a predetermined amount of a powdered coating agent, said powdered coating agent consisting of an inorganic substance selected from the group consisting of bentonites, calcium bentonite, sodium bentonite, vermiculites, sepiolite, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, and an organic substance selected from the group consisting of live or inactive yeast, preferably belonging to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae species, starches, natural gums, lignosulfonate, celluloses; b) adding a first fraction of said predetermined amount of liquid binding agent to said dry live yeast placed inside a mixing chamber of a seed treatment apparatus, and mixing said liquid binding agent and said live yeast; c) adding a first fraction of said predetermined amount of said powdered coating agent, and mixing it to the mixture obtained from step b); d) repeating said steps b) and c), by alternately adding further fractions of said predetermined amounts of liquid binding agent and powdered coating agent until complete addition of said predetermined amounts of liquid binding agent and powdered coating agent, thus obtaining coated live yeast; e) drying said coated live yeast obtained from step d), thus obtaining said dried coated live yeast.
2. A process for the production of dried coated live yeast, comprising the steps of: a’) providing a predetermined amount of dry live yeast having a particle size comprised between 300 pm and 1500 pm, a predetermined amount of a liquid binding agent, and a predetermined amount of a powdered coating agent, said powdered coating agent consisting of an inorganic substance selected from the group consisting of bentonites, calcium bentonite, sodium
bentonite, vermiculites, sepiolite, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, and an organic substance selected from the group consisting of live or inactive yeast, preferably belonging to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae species, starches, natural gums, lignosulfonate, celluloses; b’) adding said predetermined amount of liquid binding agent and said predetermined amount of said powdered coating agent gradually and simultaneously in 15-30 minutes to said dry live yeast placed inside a mixing chamber of a seed treatment apparatus and kept under stirring, thus obtaining coated live yeast; c’) drying said coated live yeast obtained from step b’), thus obtaining said dried coated live yeast.
3. The process according to claim 1 o 2, wherein said liquid binding agent is an aqueous solution of yeast extract or lignosulfonate or natural gums or gelatin or molasses or starches or maltodextrins or bentonites or cellulose and derivatives thereof, or vegetable origin glues or animal origin glues, or combinations thereof.
4. The process according to any one of claims 1-3 , wherein said liquid binding agent is an aqueous solution of yeast extract and lignosulfonate, or yeast extract and bentonite, or yeast extract and arabic gum, or lignosulfonate and arabic gum; preferably, it consists of an aqueous solution of lignosulfonate and yeast extract, or yeast extract and bentonite.
5. The process according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein said liquid binding agent has a dry matter content higher than 20% by weight, preferably between 20% and 50% by weight, more preferably comprised between 35% and 40% by weight.
6. The process according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein said powdered coating agent consists of live or inactive yeast, preferably belonging to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae species, and calcium bentonite, or it consists of live or inactive yeast, preferably belonging to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae species, and sepiolite.
7. The process according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein said liquid
binding agent consists of an aqueous solution of lignosulfonate and yeast extract, and said powdered coating agent consists of calcium bentonite and live yeast.
8. The process according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein said liquid binding agent consists of an aqueous solution of bentonite and yeast extract, and said powdered coating agent consists of sepiolite and live yeast.
9. The process according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein said dry live yeast is a yeast belonging to a genus selected from Saccharomyces, Kluyveromyces and Candida, preferably Saccharomyces.
10. The process according to any one of claims 1-9, wherein before said step b) and before step b’), said liquid binding agent is heated to a temperature comprised between 35 °C and 70 °C.
11. The process according to any one of claims 1-10, wherein step b) or b’) of adding said liquid binding agent is carried out by uniformly nebulizing said liquid binding agent onto said dry live yeast kept under stirring inside the mixing chamber of a seed treatment apparatus.
12. The process according to any one of claims 1-11, wherein the weight ratio between said predetermined amount of dry live yeast and said predetermined amount of powdered coating agent is comprised between 0.5 and 2, preferably between 0.8 and 1.4.
13. The process according to any one of claims 1-12, wherein the weight ratio between said predetermined amount of a liquid binding agent and said predetermined amount of coating agent is comprised between 2 and 0.5, preferably between 1.5 and 0.5.
14. The process according to any one of claims 1-13 , wherein said coated live yeast obtained from said step d) and step b’) has a moisture content comprised between 10% and 27%, preferably between 15% and 20%.
15. The process according to any one of claims 1-14 , wherein said dried coated live yeast obtained from said step e) and step c’) has a moisture content comprised between 2% and 5%.
16. Dried coated live yeast obtained by the process according to any one of
claims 1-15.
17. A process for the production of feed in the form of pellet comprising dried coated live yeast according to claim 16, comprising the steps of: i) mixing said dried coated live yeast with feed in the form of flour; and ii) pelleting the mixture of dried coated live yeast and feed obtained from step i), thus obtaining said feed in the form of pellet comprising dried coated live yeast.
18. The process according to claim 17, wherein in said step i) the weight ratio between said dried coated live yeast and said feed in the form of flour is comprised between 0.01 and 0.0001, preferably between 0.01 and 0.005.
19. Feed in the form of pellet comprising dried coated live yeast obtained by the process according to any one of claims 17-18.
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| IT102021000013697A IT202100013697A1 (en) | 2021-05-26 | 2021-05-26 | Coated live yeast and process for its production |
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