WO2022248344A1 - Moteur électrique - Google Patents

Moteur électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022248344A1
WO2022248344A1 PCT/EP2022/063674 EP2022063674W WO2022248344A1 WO 2022248344 A1 WO2022248344 A1 WO 2022248344A1 EP 2022063674 W EP2022063674 W EP 2022063674W WO 2022248344 A1 WO2022248344 A1 WO 2022248344A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
coils
electric motor
motor according
coil
rotor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2022/063674
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Eberhard LANDAU
Original Assignee
Landau Eberhard
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Landau Eberhard filed Critical Landau Eberhard
Publication of WO2022248344A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022248344A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/14—Stator cores with salient poles
    • H02K1/141—Stator cores with salient poles consisting of C-shaped cores
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/17—Stator cores with permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
    • H02K1/278—Surface mounted magnets; Inset magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
    • H02K11/0094—Structural association with other electrical or electronic devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
    • H02K11/04—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection for rectification
    • H02K11/042—Rectifiers associated with rotating parts, e.g. rotor cores or rotary shafts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/14—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures
    • H02K21/16—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures having annular armature cores with salient poles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K29/00—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • H02K29/06—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices with position sensing devices
    • H02K29/08—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices with position sensing devices using magnetic effect devices, e.g. Hall-plates, magneto-resistors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K41/00—Propulsion systems in which a rigid body is moved along a path due to dynamo-electric interaction between the body and a magnetic field travelling along the path
    • H02K41/02—Linear motors; Sectional motors
    • H02K41/03—Synchronous motors; Motors moving step by step; Reluctance motors
    • H02K41/031—Synchronous motors; Motors moving step by step; Reluctance motors of the permanent magnet type

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electric motor with a stator arrangement and a rotor arrangement, the stator arrangement and/or the rotor arrangement having at least one coil.
  • a magnetic flux generated by electric coils is guided inside the motor via iron cores made of iron sheets.
  • opposing magnetic poles are created in a rotor or stator made of solid iron materials, which are opposite to each other in relation to the axis of rotation.
  • the polarity reversal of the windings woven into it is accomplished mechanically or electronically by a commutator.
  • the windings are usually arranged as a three-phase system, with the main magnetic flux running from pole shoe to pole shoe over half the stator housing made of motor iron and then diagonally through the rotor, also made of motor iron, back to the output pole.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an electric motor which is significantly lighter in weight and has improved performance, smooth running and coolability.
  • an electric motor with a stator arrangement and a rotor arrangement, the stator arrangement and/or the rotor arrangement having at least one pair of coils and each coil of the pair of coils having its own winding and its own core.
  • the coils with their own or separate core can be used for electrical excitation and generation of a magnetic field. They can be arranged without being connected by magnetisable iron, for example in the stator arrangement. Several pairs of coils can be provided, it being possible for the first coils and the second coils of a pair of coils to be connected in series or in parallel. Because separate coil windings are provided, motor iron can be greatly reduced.
  • any number of individual coils with separate cores and windings can be used, between which there is no iron connection.
  • the magnetic flux runs separately in each coil in the coil core.
  • the coil winding which can be made of copper, is also limited to the respective coil, which leads to a low ohmic resistance. As a result, heating can be reduced, for example.
  • a pair of coils within the meaning of the invention are two coils arranged next to one another, in particular coils arranged next to one another in the circumferential direction, which are electrically connected to one another in such a way that they have different magnetic poles.
  • the individual coils can be wound easily.
  • the core material can be minimized, resulting in cost savings in manufacturing the motor.
  • All motor components can be optimally cooled because there are no winding strands between the inner pole shoes, but instead the individual coils have exposed windings.
  • low numbers of turns are also possible with high currents on the respective coil, which leads to weight and cost savings.
  • high performance with low weight is made possible.
  • stator coils By using individual coils, a variety of arrangements for generating a torque or a magnetic pushing or pulling force can be implemented. It is irrelevant whether the stator coils are distributed over the entire circumference of a circular motor or only partially. Linear arrangements are also possible, since only the number of stator/rotor pairs or the stator/rotor rings formed from them determines the force exerted on the respective moving part of the motor construction.
  • a housing can be provided, in or on which an axis of rotation of the rotor arrangement can be rotatably mounted.
  • the stators can be connected to each other as well as to the cover and base, in which the bearings for the axis of rotation are located, so that there is no need for an encasing housing, which means that the stator coils can be cooled particularly effectively.
  • a housing jacket can consist of a wire mesh or aluminum perforated sheet metal, for example.
  • the electric motor can also be designed as a linear motor. In this case, no axis of rotation is provided.
  • a housing can still be present.
  • the housing and/or the rotor assembly can comprise a non-magnetically conductive material.
  • a non-magnetically conductive material can be plastic, a fiber composite material or aluminum, for example. Especially with large motor diameters, this results in a very strong weight reduction.
  • both a stator housing and a rotor core can be made from a lightweight composite material such as plastic. The coils and permanent magnets can be connected thereto, for example glued.
  • each coil is associated with a pair of permanent magnets, which may be connected by a magnetically conductive material.
  • the associated permanent magnets are preferably provided on the stator arrangement, or vice versa.
  • the permanent magnets are preferably arranged opposite the coils. Depending on the polarity of the coil, attraction and repulsion forces can thus occur, as a result of which a relative movement of the rotor arrangement to the stator arrangement is made possible.
  • the permanent magnets can also be arranged in so-called Halbach arrays to increase the magnetic force on the respective stator coils.
  • the magnets can be connected to a magnetically conductive material on the side facing away from the coil.
  • the permanent magnets are not arranged equidistantly.
  • a magnet can have a smaller distance to a first adjacent magnet than to a second adjacent magnet.
  • This slightly asymmetrical arrangement of permanent magnets, for example on the rotor arrangement allows their magnetic forces to be balanced against the stator coils. The cogging torque of the rotor arrangement can be minimized as a result.
  • the coils of the stator arrangement and/or the coils of the rotor arrangement can be aligned parallel to the axis of rotation, the cores of the coils being U-shaped or semi-annular. If, for example, coils are provided on the stator arrangement, the end faces of the cores can point in the direction of the rotor arrangement.
  • the coils of the rotor arrangement and/or the coils of the stator arrangement can be aligned in the circumferential direction, with the cores of the coils having a curvature corresponding to the circumferential direction.
  • the coils can be energized in such a way that north poles and south poles of adjacent coils each border one another.
  • the coils can be arranged linearly and parallel to one another. Permanent magnets may be juxtaposed above or below such that a linear pushing or pulling force is applied between the related pole pairs.
  • Motor power can be increased if multiple rings of coil pairs are provided.
  • the motor power is determined not only by the current strength and voltage but also by the number of coil pairs or the rings formed from them, the motor power can be arbitrarily adapted in terms of design, whereby the simultaneous force effect of all coils of the stator arrangement and/or the rotor arrangement, in contrast to the known three-phase BLC motors and other motors with a rotary field, a significantly higher torque is produced with very smooth running and starting security.
  • By connecting the pairs of coils and/or the rings in series constructions with high voltage and low current can be achieved with a high internal resistance of the electric motor. When connected in parallel, high currents can be realized with a low voltage and low internal resistance.
  • An electronic circuit for controlling the coils can be provided.
  • the electronic circuit can have at least one sensor which is set up to detect a variable which is related to the rotation of the rotor arrangement.
  • the sensor can be designed as a Hall sensor.
  • the electronic circuit can have a half bridge or a full bridge made of switching elements, for example transistors, which are driven by the sensor.
  • the rotational force can be generated by attraction or repulsion of respectively adjacent coils along the circumference of the rotor arrangement.
  • This allows a uniform, strong torque to be generated with low fluctuations, since in all motor variants according to the invention all pairs of coils along the circumference are always involved in generating the force at the same time, with two adjacent coils always acting on one another through pushing or pulling forces.
  • the simple change between pulling and pushing power is achieved by reversing the polarity of the coil winding at the right moment. This can be achieved, for example, by a half-bridge circuit mentioned above, which is controlled by the sensor.
  • the coils can be energized directly by means of the electronic circuit, since the coils only require a polarity change at the correct angle of rotation, with the speed of the motor being in direct proportion to the frequency of the polarity reversal of the coil pairs.
  • the running direction can be reversed, for example, by exchanging the sensor outputs.
  • two sensors can be used, placed in the correct location in relation to the associated rotor magnets.
  • Another advantage of the motor is that both the starting current and the stall current do not rise above the value of the maximum operating current and the motor develops its torque independently of the speed.
  • Coils arranged on the rotor arrangement can be controlled by high-frequency coil pairs, a high-frequency coil pair having a stator-side coil and a rotor-side coil. These pairs of coils allow the coils on the rotor to be supplied with power without contact.
  • the pairs of high-frequency coils are arranged in such a way that they act as a non-contact mechanical commutator.
  • the transmitted high frequency alternating current for example 20 kHz, can be transmitted to a number of independent circuits on the secondary side and each rectified and smoothed. For this purpose, rectifiers and Smoothing capacitors may be provided.
  • the direction of rotation of the motor can be determined by the position of the Hall sensor.
  • a switching device can be provided with which, for example, it is possible to switch between the outputs of two Hall sensors in order to reverse the running direction of the motor.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of an electric motor with axially aligned coils
  • FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of an electric motor with circumferentially aligned coils
  • 3 shows an embodiment of an electric motor with coils arranged on the rotor side; 4 shows a linear motor;
  • FIG. 5 shows a circuit for driving the coils.
  • FIG. 1 shows an electric motor 1 with a stator arrangement 2 and a rotor arrangement 3 .
  • the stator arrangement 2 is surrounded by a motor housing 4 .
  • the motor housing 4 is made of a non-magnetizable material.
  • the stator arrangement 2 has a plurality of coil pairs 5 with a first coil 6 and a second coil 7 .
  • the coils 6, 7 each have their own coil winding 8, 9 and their own core 10, 11.
  • the cores 10, 11 are essentially U-shaped or semicircular. Their end faces point towards the rotor arrangement 3.
  • the coils 6, 7 of the pair of coils 5 are arranged next to one another in the circumferential direction and have different polarity.
  • the coils 6 , 7 are electrically connected to one another in such a way that the coil 7 experiences a reversed magnetic polarity in relation to the coil 6 .
  • this is achieved in that the lower end of the coil winding 8 of one coil 6 is electrically connected to the upper end of the coil winding 9 of the other coil 7, with the coil 7 having the opposite winding direction to the coil 6.
  • the rotor assembly 3 has permanent magnets 12, 13, each having the N and S poles. It should be noted that the permanent magnets 12 arranged at the top are arranged in a different orientation than the lower permanent magnets 13.
  • the upper and lower permanent magnets 12, 13 can be connected to a magnetically conductive material 16 to increase the magnetic flux.
  • the permanent magnets 12, 13 are arranged along the circumference of the rotor arrangement 3.
  • the rotor arrangement 3 can be rotated about an axis of rotation 14 .
  • the axis of rotation 14 can be designed as a drive shaft and be rotatably mounted in the motor housing 4, in particular a housing base 17 and a housing cover 18 of the motor housing 4, with the housing cover 17 and housing base 18 not only accommodating the bearings for the axis of rotation 14 but also for the mechanical connection of the individual stators , For example, by gluing, can serve.
  • the arrangement shown can represent a first ring 15.
  • Several rings 15 can be provided in the direction of the axis of rotation 14 in order to increase the power of the electric motor 1 .
  • Several rings 15 can therefore be provided in the axial direction.
  • Two rings 15 can preferably be provided.
  • the coils 6, 7 of a first ring 15 may be angularly offset from the coils 6, 7 of an axially adjacent ring 15.
  • the coils 6, 7 of one ring 15 can have a gap between them and the coils 6, 7 of an adjacent ring. In this way, a minimum detent torque can be set.
  • the coils 6, 7 can be driven in series connection or parallel connection with the terminals 48, 49 as shown in FIG. If the connections 48, 49 are additionally connected to a rectifier, the motor can now supply current as a generator with good efficiency, for example for recuperation.
  • the coils 6, 7 are aligned parallel to the axis of rotation 14 in the exemplary embodiment shown.
  • the coils 6, 7, each forming a pair of coils 5, are arranged circumferentially. They are also part of a stator arrangement 2 and spaced radially from the rotor arrangement 3 .
  • the rotor arrangement 3 in turn has permanent magnets 12 distributed around the circumference.
  • the coils 6, 7 in turn each have a winding 8, 9 and a core 10, 11 of their own.
  • the coils 6, 7 are energized in such a way that the same magnetic poles on the cores 10, 11 face one another, which is indicated by the letters S and N, ie the coils 6, 7 are arranged next to one another in the circumferential direction, are electrically connected to one another and point different, opposite polarity.
  • FIG. 3 shows a further alternative embodiment, the rotor arrangement 3 having coil pairs 5 with coils 6, 7 in this case.
  • coils 6, 7 are arranged on the rotor assembly 3 to control the arranged on the rotor assembly 3 coils 6, 7 .
  • High-frequency coil pairs 20 are provided, with a coil 21 on the stator side and a coil 22 on the rotor side, which in interaction equally bring about the energization and commutation of the coils 6, 7.
  • the cores 23, 24 of the coils 21, 22 are radially spaced.
  • the coils 22 are connected to at least two rectifiers 25 .
  • Smoothing capacitors 26 are provided and the direct current generated in each case is conducted to at least two separate circuits which are connected to the associated coil pairs 5 .
  • the stator arrangement 2 has permanent magnets 12 which are arranged, in particular fastened, on the motor housing 4 .
  • the permanent magnets 12 can be glued to the motor housing 4 .
  • the permanent magnets can also be replaced by suitable magnetic coils for generating the north and south poles on the non-moving motor part.
  • a pair of coils 5 which has two individual coils 6, 7 each with a winding 8, 9 and core 10,11.
  • the coils 6, 7 are arranged side by side. They are electrically connected and have opposite polarity.
  • the front end of the winding 8 can be electrically conductively connected to the rear end of the winding 9 .
  • This can also be achieved, for example, by reversing the winding direction of coil 7 with respect to coil 6.
  • Two rows of permanent magnets 12,13 are provided opposite one another.
  • the coils 6, 7, which are arranged on the element 30, can be moved relative thereto. The direct translational movement of the element 30 can be generated by the permanent change in polarity of adjacent coils 6, 7.
  • FIG. 5 shows an example of a circuit for driving the coils 6, 7.
  • a full-bridge circuit 40 which has four switching elements 41 to 44, is shown.
  • the control connections of the switching elements 41 to 44 are each connected to the sensor 47 via a transistor 45, 46.
  • the sensor 47 can be in the form of a Hall sensor and can detect a variable associated with the rotation of the rotor arrangement.
  • the Hall sensor can detect the magnetic field of the permanent magnets of the rotor arrangement and thereby control the transistors 45, 46 and subsequently the switching elements 41 to 44 at the right moment, so that an alternating current with the correct frequency is generated at the terminals 48, 49 and the coils 6, 7 are driven accordingly at the right time.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un moteur électrique (1) pourvu d'un ensemble stator (2) et d'un ensemble rotor (3), l'ensemble stator (2) et/ou l'ensemble rotor (3) comprenant au moins une bobine (6, 7). L'invention est caractérisée en ce que l'ensemble stator (2) et/ou l'ensemble rotor (3) comportent au moins une paire de bobines (5), chaque bobine (6, 7) de la paire de bobines (5) présentant son propre enroulement (8, 9) et son propre noyau (10, 11).
PCT/EP2022/063674 2021-05-25 2022-05-20 Moteur électrique WO2022248344A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102021113453.6A DE102021113453B4 (de) 2021-05-25 2021-05-25 Elektromotor
DE102021113453.6 2021-05-25

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2022248344A1 true WO2022248344A1 (fr) 2022-12-01

Family

ID=82115492

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2022/063674 WO2022248344A1 (fr) 2021-05-25 2022-05-20 Moteur électrique

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE102021113453B4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2022248344A1 (fr)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6188159B1 (en) * 1998-02-12 2001-02-13 Yang-Fung Fan Stator used for dynamo or electromotor
WO2010081299A1 (fr) * 2008-12-30 2010-07-22 Guo Jianguo Dispositif générateur de courant continu pulsé
US20170133897A1 (en) * 2015-11-11 2017-05-11 Gordon S. Ritchie Axial Flux Electric Machine
EP3343733A1 (fr) * 2015-08-28 2018-07-04 Dai, Shanshan Composant d'excitation hybride alternatif et applications associées dans un moteur et un transformateur
DE102020207000A1 (de) * 2019-06-19 2020-12-24 Universität Stuttgart, Körperschaft Des Öffentlichen Rechts Elektrisch erregte Maschine und Anordnung für eine elektrisch erregte Maschine

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN202475212U (zh) 2012-03-27 2012-10-03 山东大学 轴向磁场永磁无刷电机
CA2790300C (fr) 2012-09-25 2014-05-20 Defang Yuan Moteur a reluctance commutee
JP6604291B2 (ja) 2016-09-08 2019-11-13 株式会社デンソー 界磁巻線式回転機
WO2019125718A1 (fr) 2017-12-22 2019-06-27 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Moteurs de tranches homopolaires sans palier
CN109660097B (zh) 2019-01-08 2021-03-19 南通大学 一种调磁轴向磁通切换Halbach电机

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6188159B1 (en) * 1998-02-12 2001-02-13 Yang-Fung Fan Stator used for dynamo or electromotor
WO2010081299A1 (fr) * 2008-12-30 2010-07-22 Guo Jianguo Dispositif générateur de courant continu pulsé
EP3343733A1 (fr) * 2015-08-28 2018-07-04 Dai, Shanshan Composant d'excitation hybride alternatif et applications associées dans un moteur et un transformateur
US20170133897A1 (en) * 2015-11-11 2017-05-11 Gordon S. Ritchie Axial Flux Electric Machine
DE102020207000A1 (de) * 2019-06-19 2020-12-24 Universität Stuttgart, Körperschaft Des Öffentlichen Rechts Elektrisch erregte Maschine und Anordnung für eine elektrisch erregte Maschine

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DE102021113453B4 (de) 2023-09-28
DE102021113453A1 (de) 2022-12-01

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