WO2022246977A1 - 表层压缩增强超稳定实木地采暖地板板材的生产方法 - Google Patents

表层压缩增强超稳定实木地采暖地板板材的生产方法 Download PDF

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WO2022246977A1
WO2022246977A1 PCT/CN2021/105443 CN2021105443W WO2022246977A1 WO 2022246977 A1 WO2022246977 A1 WO 2022246977A1 CN 2021105443 W CN2021105443 W CN 2021105443W WO 2022246977 A1 WO2022246977 A1 WO 2022246977A1
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pressure
wood
tank
temperature
compression
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PCT/CN2021/105443
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
黄荣凤
王艳伟
张恩玖
张凯
钱新民
孔繁旭
何啸宇
邵海龙
孙龙祥
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久盛地板有限公司
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Priority to US17/776,237 priority Critical patent/US11833710B2/en
Publication of WO2022246977A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022246977A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27M—WORKING OF WOOD NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B27B - B27L; MANUFACTURE OF SPECIFIC WOODEN ARTICLES
    • B27M3/00—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles
    • B27M3/04—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles of flooring elements, e.g. parqueting blocks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27M—WORKING OF WOOD NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B27B - B27L; MANUFACTURE OF SPECIFIC WOODEN ARTICLES
    • B27M1/00—Working of wood not provided for in subclasses B27B - B27L, e.g. by stretching
    • B27M1/02—Working of wood not provided for in subclasses B27B - B27L, e.g. by stretching by compressing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27D—WORKING VENEER OR PLYWOOD
    • B27D1/00—Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring
    • B27D1/04—Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring to produce plywood or articles made therefrom; Plywood sheets
    • B27D1/08—Manufacture of shaped articles; Presses specially designed therefor
    • B27D1/083—Presses specially designed for making the manufacture of shaped plywood articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K1/00—Damping wood
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K5/00—Treating of wood not provided for in groups B27K1/00, B27K3/00
    • B27K5/001—Heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K5/00—Treating of wood not provided for in groups B27K1/00, B27K3/00
    • B27K5/007—Treating of wood not provided for in groups B27K1/00, B27K3/00 using pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K5/00—Treating of wood not provided for in groups B27K1/00, B27K3/00
    • B27K5/0085—Thermal treatments, i.e. involving chemical modification of wood at temperatures well over 100°C
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27M—WORKING OF WOOD NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B27B - B27L; MANUFACTURE OF SPECIFIC WOODEN ARTICLES
    • B27M1/00—Working of wood not provided for in subclasses B27B - B27L, e.g. by stretching
    • B27M1/08—Working of wood not provided for in subclasses B27B - B27L, e.g. by stretching by multi-step processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K2200/00—Wooden materials to be treated
    • B27K2200/30—Multilayer articles comprising wood
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
    • B27N3/20—Moulding or pressing characterised by using platen-presses
    • B27N3/203—Moulding or pressing characterised by using platen-presses with heating or cooling means
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/04—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements only of wood or with a top layer of wood, e.g. with wooden or metal connecting members
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of floor production, in particular to a production method of super-stable solid wood floor heating floor plates with surface layer compression enhancement.
  • the wood used for solid wood floor processing has relatively high requirements on the hardness of the wood.
  • the hardness of the paint film required by the first-class solid wood floor is greater than H, or the hardness of the paint film required by the first-class floor is greater than 2H, and the density of the solid wood floor substrate must reach 0.60g/cm 3 and 0.65cm 3 respectively above.
  • the average density of various substrates used for processing solid wood flooring in the market is between 0.60-0.70g/cm 3 , due to the great variability of wood, the difference in density can reach 0.20 due to the difference in origin, variety, individual and location of materials. More than g/cm 3 , the finished floor processed with the floor base material in this density range, due to the low density of some raw materials, leads to the problem of low pass rate of paint film hardness index in the product.
  • Solid wood floor heating in addition to meeting the requirements of solid wood flooring for wood surface hardness, must also meet the requirements of heat resistance and moisture resistance and dimensional stability proposed in national standards.
  • Wood compression densification is an effective method to increase the density and hardness of wood.
  • the improvement of wood performance mainly depends on increasing the compression rate, and the loss of wood volume during processing is large, and the cost is high, so it is difficult to realize commercial application.
  • Surface compression densification under hygrothermal treatment can improve the surface hardness of wood at low compressibility.
  • the compression rate is about 15%, the surface density of wood can reach above 0.70g/cm 3 , but the problem of compression springback, that is, the problem of expansion in the thickness direction of the floor, is a problem that must be solved in compression enhancement treatment .
  • the base materials used for solid wood floor heating mainly improve the dimensional stability of wood through high-temperature heat treatment or carbonization treatment under normal pressure.
  • the wood processed by this method usually can only reach the benchmark value stipulated by the international standard.
  • the gap between the floors is relatively large no matter in the length direction or the width direction. For this reason, commercially available ground heating floors all adopt the mode of buckling the floor, to reduce the gap in the floor.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a production method for super-stable solid wood floor heating floor panels with surface layer compression reinforcement.
  • the invention can greatly improve the dimensional stability of the surface compressed wooden floor, and has the characteristics of low water absorption rebound rate and good moisture and heat resistance.
  • the technical scheme of the present invention the production method of super-stable solid wood floor heating floor boards with surface layer compression enhancement, while the floor board or base material is compressed and enhanced on the surface layer, the wood is subjected to a stability treatment by controlling the temperature of the hot pressing plate to obtain compression enhancement Wood, and then put the compressed reinforced wood into a heat treatment tank, and carry out secondary stability treatment on the compressed reinforced wood by controlling the pressure, temperature and treatment time of the steam or the mixture of steam and air in the heat treatment tank to obtain a finished product.
  • the specific step of the first stabilization treatment is to spray the floor board or the base material with water, soak it in water or soak it in water to increase the total amount of water on the surface to 0.025-0.200g/cm 2 , then put it into a hot press plate at 100-200°C, close the hot press plate quickly in no more than 1 minute, the pressure in the closed state is less than 1MPa, and then press it at 130°C
  • the floor boards or substrates are treated with water spraying, water dipping or immersion to make the surface of the increased water amount reach between 0.05-0.10g/cm2, and then put in In the hot-pressed plate at 145°C, the hot-pressed plate is quickly closed within 1 minute, and the pressure in the closed state is less than 1MPa, and then heated at 145°C-160°C for 15-30 seconds, and then heated at 5MPa- Compress the wood with a pressure of 6MPa to a predetermined thickness of 15-18mm, and the surface density is above 0.70g/cm3, and then keep it for 3-5 minutes, then reduce the pressure of the hot pressing plate to 1MPa, and take out the wood after the temperature drops below 60°C. Stability handling.
  • y is the pressure inside the tank, and the range of y is normal pressure-1.5MPa;
  • x is the processing time, and the range of x is 2-720 minutes;
  • a and b are constants, and the value of a is between 0.9-1.2, and the value of b is between 0.01-0.03;
  • stop the heating reduce the pressure by discharging water vapor, the depressurization rate is below 0.012MPa/min, then pass cold water to cool down, open the heat treatment tank after the temperature drops below 80°C, and wait for the temperature in the heat treatment tank to drop to 60°C After the temperature is below °C, the wood is taken out, and the secondary stability treatment is completed, and the finished product is obtained.
  • the secondary stability treatment is to stack the compression-enhanced wood obtained from the primary stability treatment, and clamp it with a pressure of 1 MPa or press it with a counterweight Then put it into the heat treatment tank, raise the temperature to 180°C, then feed steam or a mixture of steam and air into the heat treatment tank, increase the pressure in the tank to 0.05-0.10MPa, and keep it for 0.5-0.8 hours, and then follow the exponential function
  • y is the pressure inside the tank, and the range of y is normal pressure-1.5MPa;
  • x is the processing time, and the range of x is 2-720 minutes;
  • a and b are constants, and the value of a is between 0.9-1.2, and the value of b is between 0.01-0.03;
  • stop the heating reduce the pressure by discharging water vapor, the depressurization rate is below 0.012MPa/min, then pass cold water to cool down, open the heat treatment tank after the temperature drops below 80°C, and wait for the temperature in the heat treatment tank to drop to 60°C After the temperature is below °C, the wood is taken out, and the secondary stability treatment is completed, and the finished product is obtained.
  • the density of the floor plate or base material is less than 0.6g/cm 3 , the thickness is 15-50mm, and the moisture content is below 15%.
  • the present invention obtains compression-reinforced wood by controlling the temperature of the hot-press plate while compressing and strengthening the surface layer of the floor board or base material, and the treated compression-reinforced wood surface and distance
  • the surface layer density within the range of 1-5mm on the surface reaches 0.6-1.0g/cm 3 or more, and in the state of immersion, the dimensional stability can be increased by more than 30%;
  • the steam or air pressure, temperature and treatment time are used to carry out secondary stability treatment on the compression reinforced wood. After the secondary stability treatment, the dimensional stability of the compression reinforced wood can be increased by more than 90%, and the water absorption rebound rate in the thickness direction is reduced to 0.
  • the heat-resistant and humidity-resistant dimensional change rate is reduced to less than 40% of the national standard value.
  • the wood surface can be compressed and strengthened without steaming treatment, which reduces the treatment procedures of the compression process and can effectively reduce the treatment cost.
  • the dimensional stability of the present invention is more than 85% higher than the national standard for floor heating solid wood flooring, and a super-stable solid wood floor heating floor plate with enhanced surface layer compression is obtained.
  • Fig. 1 is the relationship between the pressure in the heat treatment tank and the treatment time during the secondary stability treatment.
  • Embodiment 1 The production method of surface layer compression enhanced ultra-stable solid wood floor heating floor board, choose the floor board or base material with a density of 0.4g/ cm3 , the moisture content is below 15%; the thickness is selected at 30mm, and the floor board or base material surface is smooth , the floor board or base material is sprayed with water, soaked in water or soaked in water so that the total amount of water added to the surface reaches 0.1g/cm 2 , and then placed in a hot-pressed plate at 150°C.
  • the pressure in the closed state is less than 1MPa, and then heat at 150°C for 50 seconds, then compress the wood with a pressure of 4MPa to a predetermined thickness of 20mm, the surface density is 0.85g/cm 3 , and then keep for 5 minutes , reduce the pressure of the hot pressing plate to 1 MPa, and take out the wood after the temperature drops below 60°C to complete a stabilization treatment.
  • y is the pressure inside the tank, and the range of y is normal pressure-1.5MPa;
  • x is the processing time, and the range of x is 2-720 minutes;
  • a and b are constants, and the value of a is between 0.9-1.2, and the value of b is between 0.01-0.03;
  • stop the heating reduce the pressure by discharging water vapor, the depressurization rate is below 0.012MPa/min, then pass cold water to cool down, open the heat treatment tank after the temperature drops below 80°C, and wait for the temperature in the heat treatment tank to drop to 60°C After the temperature is below °C, the wood is taken out, and the secondary stability treatment is completed, and the finished product is obtained.
  • Embodiment 2 the production method of surface layer compression enhanced ultra-stable solid wood floor heating floor board, select the floor board or base material with a density of 0.4g/ cm3 , the moisture content is 10%; the thickness is selected at 30mm, the floor board or base material surface is smooth , the floor board or base material is sprayed with water, soaked in water or soaked in water so that the total amount of water added to the surface reaches 0.03g/cm 2 , and then placed in a hot-pressed plate at 160°C, and the heated-pressed plate is Close quickly in less than 1 minute, the pressure in the closed state is less than 1MPa, and then heat at 160°C for 40 seconds, then compress the wood with a pressure of 5MPa to a predetermined thickness of 20mm, the surface density is 0.95g/cm 3 , and then keep for 5 minutes , reduce the pressure of the hot pressing plate to 1 MPa, and take out the wood after the temperature drops below 60°C to complete a stabilization treatment.
  • y is the pressure inside the tank, and the range of y is normal pressure-1.5MPa;
  • x is the processing time, and the range of x is 2-720 minutes;
  • a and b are constants, and the value of a is between 0.9-1.2, and the value of b is between 0.01-0.03;
  • stop heating reduce the pressure by discharging water vapor, the pressure reduction rate is below 0.012MPa/min, pass cold water to cool down, and open the heat treatment tank after the temperature drops below 80°C, and wait until the temperature in the heat treatment tank drops to 60°C After that, the wood is taken out, and the secondary stability treatment is completed, and the finished product is obtained.
  • Embodiment 3 the production method of surface layer compression enhanced ultra-stable solid wood floor heating floor board, select the floor board or base material with a density of 0.4g/ cm3 , the moisture content is 10%; the thickness is selected at 30mm, the floor board or base material surface is smooth , the floor board or base material is sprayed with water, dipped in water or soaked in water so that the amount of water added to the surface reaches 0.05g/cm 2 , and then placed in a hot-pressed plate at 145°C, the heat-pressed plate should not exceed Close quickly in 1 minute, the pressure in the closed state is less than 1MPa, and then heat at 145°C for 40 seconds, then compress the wood with a pressure of 5MPa to a predetermined thickness of 20mm, and the surface density is 0.90g/cm 3 , and then keep it for 4 minutes. After the pressure of the hot pressing plate drops to 1MPa and the temperature drops below 60°C, the wood is taken out to complete a stabilization treatment.
  • y is the pressure inside the tank, and the range of y is normal pressure-1.5MPa;
  • x is the processing time, and the range of x is 2-720 minutes;
  • a and b are constants, and the value of a is between 0.9-1.2, and the value of b is between 0.01-0.03;
  • stop heating reduce the pressure by discharging water vapor, the pressure reduction rate is below 0.012MPa/min, pass cold water to cool down, and open the heat treatment tank after the temperature drops below 80°C, and wait until the temperature in the heat treatment tank drops to 60°C After that, the wood is taken out, and the secondary stability treatment is completed, and the finished product is obtained.
  • Comparative example a commercially available solid wood floor heating floor substrate.
  • the dimensional stability test of the floor is carried out in accordance with the method specified in the national standard "GB/T 35913-2018 Technical Requirements for Solid Wood Floors for Floor Heating".
  • the method of measuring the hygroscopic rebound rate of the compressed material is as follows: soak the sample in water for 48 hours, then vacuumize it for 1 hour under water soaking conditions, and measure its thickness after soaking for 6 hours. Take the test piece out and let it air dry indoors for 2 days, put it in an oven at 60°C for 24 hours, then dry it at (103 ⁇ 2)°C until it is absolutely dry, and measure its thickness.
  • the rebound rate is calculated according to the following formula.
  • RS (%) is the rebound rate
  • d0 (mm) is the absolute dry thickness before hot pressing
  • dc (mm) is the absolute dry thickness after hot pressing
  • dr (mm) is the absolute dry thickness after water absorption.
  • the present invention can improve the dimensional stability of the compression-enhanced wood by more than 30% by controlling the temperature of the hot-pressed plate to perform a stabilization treatment on the wood while the surface layer of the floor board or base material is compressed and strengthened.
  • the dimensional stability of the finished product obtained by the secondary stability treatment can be increased by 90%, which is greatly improved compared with the comparison ratio.
  • the moisture-resistant dimensional change rate and the heat-resistant dimensional change rate of the compressed wood obtained by the present invention are all higher than the national standard specified value (the moisture-resistant dimensional change rate is less than 0.8%, and the heat-resistant dimensional change rate is less than 1.5%) lower than 75%, the dimensional stability is increased by more than 90%, and the compression rebound rate is reduced to 0, that is, the solid wood floor heating floor board of the present invention has no rebound phenomenon after compression, while in the comparative example, no matter the degree of reduction in the moisture resistance dimensional change rate The degree of reduction of the heat-resistant dimensional change rate is not as good as that of the present invention. It can be seen that the present invention can greatly improve the dimensional stability of the surface compressed wooden floor, and has the characteristics of low water absorption rebound rate and good moisture and heat resistance.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
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Abstract

一种表层压缩增强超稳定实木地采暖地板板材的生产方法，在地板板材或基材表层压缩增强的同时，通过控制热压板的温度对木材进行一次稳定性处理得到压缩增强木材，然后将压缩增强木材放入热处理罐内，通过控制热处理罐内的蒸汽或者空气压力、温度和处理时间对压缩增强木材进行二次稳定性处理，制得成品。

Description

表层压缩增强超稳定实木地采暖地板板材的生产方法 技术领域
本发明涉及地板生产技术领域，具体为一种表层压缩增强超稳定实木地采暖地板板材的生产方法。
背景技术
实木地板加工用木材对木材的硬度要求比较高。要保证成品实木地板达到国家标准中一等实木地板要求的漆膜硬度大于H，或者优等地板要求的漆膜硬度大于2H，实木地板基材的密度分别要达到0.60g/cm 3和0.65cm 3以上。目前市场上加工实木地板用的多种基材虽然平均密度在0.60-0.70g/cm 3之间，但由于木材的变异性大，因产地、品种、个体和取材位置的不同，密度差达到0.20g/cm 3以上，用这个密度范围的地板基材加工的成品地板，因部分原料的密度低，导致产品出现漆膜硬度指标合格率低的问题。
实木地采暖地板，除了必须满足实木地板对木材表面硬度的要求之外，还必须满足国家标准中提出的耐热和耐湿尺寸尺寸稳定性的要求。2018年颁布实施的实木地采暖地板的国家标准《GBT 35913-2018地采暖用实木地板技术要求》中对地采暖地板的耐热和耐湿尺寸变化率提出了较高的要求。
木材压缩密实化是提高木材的密度和硬度的有效方法。但由于传统的木材整体压缩下，木材性能的改善程度主要依赖于提高压缩率， 加工过程中木材材积损失大，成本高，很难实现商业化应用。湿热处理下的表层压缩密实化可以在低压缩率下改善木材的表面硬度。对于一般地板基材，压缩率在15％左右，就可以使木材的表面密度达到0.70g/cm 3以上，但压缩回弹问题，也就是地板的厚度方向膨胀问题是压缩增强处理必须解决的问题。
目前用于实木地采暖地板的基材主要通过常压下的高温热处理或者炭化处理的方式改善木材的尺寸稳定性。但是这种方法处理后的木材通常只能达到国际标准规定的基准值，在实际使用中，无论是长度方向，还是宽度方向，地板的间隙都比较大。为此，市售的地采暖地板都采用所扣地板的方式，以减少地板见的缝隙。对于无所扣地板专利的企业，还需要承担所扣专利的使用费用。
如果能够将木材的压缩回弹问题，即木材的厚度膨胀问题与长度、宽度方向的尺寸变化问题同时解决，在满足用户的使用要求的前提下，降低实木地采暖地板稳定性处理的成本，对实木地板更普遍地应用于地采暖地板具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，提供一种表层压缩增强超稳定实木地采暖地板板材的生产方法。本发明可以大大的提高表层压缩木地板的尺寸稳定性，具有吸水回弹率低、耐湿耐热性能好的特点。
本发明的技术方案：表层压缩增强超稳定实木地采暖地板板材的生产方法，在地板板材或基材在表层压缩增强的同时，通过控制热压板的温度对木材进行一次稳定性处理得到压缩增强木材，然后将压缩 增强木材放入热处理罐内，通过控制热处理罐内的蒸汽或者蒸汽与空气的混合气体压力、温度和处理时间对压缩增强木材进行二次稳定性处理，制得成品。
上述的表层压缩增强超稳定实木地采暖地板板材的生产方法，所述的一次稳定处理的具体步骤是将地板板材或基材通过喷水、沾水或浸水处理使其表面增加的水的总体量达到0.025-0.200g/cm 2之间，然后放入100-200℃下的热压板中，将热压板以不超过1分钟的时间快速闭合，闭合状态的压力小于1MPa，然后以130℃-160℃的温度加热10-60秒后，再以3MPa-8MPa的压力压缩木材至既定的厚度12-20mm，表层密度达到0.70g/cm 3以上，之后保持3-5分钟，将热压板的压力降至0.8-1.2MPa，温度降至60℃以下后取出木材，完成一次稳定性处理。
前述的表层压缩增强超稳定实木地采暖地板板材的生产方法，将地板板材或基材通过喷水、沾水或浸水处理使其表面增加的水量达到0.05-0.10g/cm2之间，然后放入145℃下的热压板中，将热压板以不超过1分钟的时间快速闭合，闭合状态的压力小于1MPa，然后以145℃-160℃的温度加热15-30秒后，再以5MPa-6MPa的压力压缩木材至既定的厚度15-18mm，表层密度0.70g/cm3以上，之后保持3-5分钟，将热压板的压力降至1MPa，温度降至60℃以下后取出木材，完成一次稳定性处理。
前述的表层压缩增强超稳定实木地采暖地板板材的生产方法，所述的二次稳定性处理是将一次稳定性处理得到的压缩增强木材码 垛后，用0.5-1.5MPa的压力夹持或配重压紧后放入热处理罐内，升温至160℃-200℃，再向热处理罐内通入蒸汽或者蒸汽和空气的混合气体，增加罐内压力至0.05-0.10MPa，并保持0.5-1.0小时时间，随后按照指数函数y＝ae -bx关系进行调整罐内压力和处理时间关系；
式中：y为罐内压力，y的范围为常压-1.5MPa；x为处理时间，x的范围在2-720分钟；a和b为常数，a值为0.9-1.2之间，b值为0.01-0.03之间；
调整处理完成后，停止加热，通过排出水蒸气降压，降压速度为0.012MPa/分钟以下，再通冷水降温，温度降至80℃以下后打开热处理罐，待热处理罐罐内温度降低至60℃以下后取出木材，即完成二次稳定性处理，制得成品。
前述的表层压缩增强超稳定实木地采暖地板板材的生产方法，所述的二次稳定性处理是将一次稳定性处理得到的压缩增强木材码垛后，用1MPa的压力夹持或配重压紧后放入热处理罐内，升温至180℃，再向热处理罐内通入蒸汽或者蒸汽与空气的混合气体，增加罐内压力至0.05-0.10MPa，并保持0.5-0.8小时时间，随后按照指数函数y＝ae -bx关系进行调整罐内压力和处理时间关系；
式中：y为罐内压力，y的范围为常压-1.5MPa；x为处理时间，x的范围在2-720分钟；a和b为常数，a值为0.9-1.2之间，b值为0.01-0.03之间；
调整处理完成后，停止加热，通过排出水蒸气降压，降压速度为0.012MPa/分钟以下，再通冷水降温，温度降至80℃以下后打开热处 理罐，待热处理罐罐内温度降低至60℃以下后取出木材，即完成二次稳定性处理，制得成品。
前述的表层压缩增强超稳定实木地采暖地板板材的生产方法，所述的地板板材或基材密度小于0.6g/cm 3，厚度在15-50mm,含水率在15％以下。
与现有技术相比，本发明通过在地板板材或基材在表层压缩增强的同时，控制热压板的温度对木材进行一次稳定性处理得到压缩增强木材，处理后的压缩增强木材表面及距表面1-5mm范围内的表层密度达到0.6-1.0g/cm 3以上，且在浸水状态下，尺寸稳定性可以提高30％以上；然后将压缩增强木材放入热处理罐内，通过控制热处理罐内的蒸汽或者空气压力、温度和处理时间对压缩增强木材进行二次稳定性处理，二次稳定性处理后的压缩增强木材尺寸稳定性可以提高90％以上，厚度方向的吸水回弹率降低至0，即无回弹，而且耐热及耐湿尺寸变化率降低为国家标准规定值的40％以下。此外，通过湿热处理，无需蒸煮处理实施木材表层的压缩增强，减少了压缩过程的处理程序，能够有效降低处理成本。与地采暖实木地板国家标准相比，本发明的尺寸稳定性比地采暖实木地板国家标准高85％以上，得到表层压缩增强超稳定的实木地采暖地板板材。
附图说明
图1为二次稳定性处理时热处理罐内压力和处理时间关系图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步的说明，但并不作为对 本发明限制的依据。
实施例1：表层压缩增强超稳定实木地采暖地板板材的生产方法，选取密度0.4g/cm 3的地板板材或基材，含水率15％以下；厚度选择在30mm，地板板材或基材表面平整，将地板板材或基材通过喷水、沾水或浸水处理使其表面增加的水总体量达到0.1g/cm 2之间，然后放入150℃下的热压板中，将热压板以不超过1分钟的时间快速闭合，闭合状态的压力小于1MPa，然后以150℃加热50秒后，再以4MPa的压力压缩木材至既定的厚度20mm，表层密度0.85g/cm 3，之后保持5分钟，将热压板的压力降至1MPa，温度降至60℃以下后取出木材，完成一次稳定性处理。
再将一次稳定性处理得到的压缩增强木材码垛后，用1MPa的压力夹持或配重压紧后放入热处理罐内，升温至170℃，再向热处理罐内通入蒸汽或者蒸汽与空气的混合气体，增加罐内压力至0.06MPa，并保持0.6小时；如图1所示，随后按照指数函数y＝ae -bx关系进行调整罐内压力和处理时间关系；
式中：y为罐内压力，y的范围为常压-1.5MPa；x为处理时间，x的范围在2-720分钟；a和b为常数，a值为0.9-1.2之间，b值为0.01-0.03之间；
调整处理完成后，停止加热，通过排出水蒸气降压，降压速度为0.012MPa/分钟以下，再通冷水降温，温度降至80℃以下后打开热处理罐，待热处理罐罐内温度降低至60℃以下后取出木材，即完成二次稳定性处理，制得成品。
实施例2：表层压缩增强超稳定实木地采暖地板板材的生产方法，选取密度0.4g/cm 3的地板板材或基材，含水率为10％；厚度选择在30mm，地板板材或基材表面平整，将地板板材或基材通过喷水、沾水或浸水处理使其表面增加的水总体量达到0.03g/cm 2之间，然后放入160℃下的热压板中，将热压板以不超过1分钟的时间快速闭合，闭合状态的压力小于1MPa，然后以160℃加热40秒后，再以5MPa的压力压缩木材至既定的厚度20mm，表层密度0.95g/cm 3，之后保持5分钟，将热压板的压力降至1MPa，温度降至60℃以下后取出木材，完成一次稳定性处理。
再将一次稳定性处理得到的压缩增强木材码垛后，用1MPa的压力夹持或配重压紧后放入热处理罐内，升温至180℃，再向热处理罐内通入蒸汽或者蒸汽与空气的混合气体，增加罐内压力至0.1MPa，并保持0.8小时，随后按照指数函数y＝ae -bx关系进行调整罐内压力和处理时间关系；
式中：y为罐内压力，y的范围为常压-1.5MPa；x为处理时间，x的范围在2-720分钟；a和b为常数，a值为0.9-1.2之间，b值为0.01-0.03之间；
调整处理完成后，停止加热，通过排出水蒸气降压，降压速度为0.012MPa/分钟以下，通冷水降温，温度降至80℃以下后打开热处理罐，待热处理罐罐内温度降低至60℃以下后取出木材，即完成二次稳定性处理，制得成品。
实施例3：表层压缩增强超稳定实木地采暖地板板材的生产方 法，选取密度0.4g/cm 3的地板板材或基材，含水率为10％；厚度选择在30mm，地板板材或基材表面平整，将地板板材或基材通过喷水、沾水或浸水处理使其表面增加的水量达到0.05g/cm 2之间，然后放入145℃下的热压板中，将热压板以不超过1分钟的时间快速闭合，闭合状态的压力小于1MPa，然后以145℃加热40秒后，再以5MPa的压力压缩木材至既定的厚度20mm，表层密度0.90g/cm 3，之后保持4分钟，将热压板的压力降至1MPa，温度降至60℃以下后取出木材，完成一次稳定性处理。
再将一次稳定性处理得到的压缩增强木材码垛后，用1MPa的压力夹持或配重压紧后放入热处理罐内，升温至180℃，再向热处理罐内通入蒸汽或者蒸汽与空气的混合气体，增加罐内压力0.1MPa，并保持0.6小时，随后按照指数函数y＝ae -bx关系进行调整罐内压力和处理时间关系；
式中：y为罐内压力，y的范围为常压-1.5MPa；x为处理时间，x的范围在2-720分钟；a和b为常数，a值为0.9-1.2之间，b值为0.01-0.03之间；
调整处理完成后，停止加热，通过排出水蒸气降压，降压速度为0.012MPa/分钟以下，通冷水降温，温度降至80℃以下后打开热处理罐，待热处理罐罐内温度降低至60℃以下后取出木材，即完成二次稳定性处理，制得成品。
对比例：市售的实木地采暖地板基材。
申请人对实施例1-3制备得到的成品以及一次稳定性制得的半 成品和对比例中市售的实木采暖地板基材进行测试。地板的尺寸稳定性测试按照国家标准《GB/T 35913-2018地采暖用实木地板技术要求》规定的方法实施。
压缩材的吸湿回弹率的测定方法为：将试样进行浸水处理48h，之后在浸水条件下抽真空处理1小时，继续浸泡6小时后测量其厚度。将试件取出置于室内气干2天，放入60℃的烘箱干燥24h后，在(103±2)℃烘至绝干，测量其厚度。回弹率按照如下公式计算。
Figure PCTCN2021105443-appb-000001
式中：RS(％)为回弹率；d0(mm)为热压前的绝干厚度；dc(mm)为热压后的绝干厚度；dr(mm)为吸水后的绝干厚度。
尺寸稳定性和回弹率的测试结果如表1所示(其中“无”代表不进行统计计算)。
表1实施例及对比例尺寸稳定性和回弹率的测试结果
Figure PCTCN2021105443-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2021105443-appb-000003
从表1可以看出，本发明在地板板材或基材在表层压缩增强的同时，控制热压板的温度对木材进行一次稳定性处理得到压缩增强木材的尺寸稳定性可以提高30％以上，而且二次稳定性处理得到的成品的尺寸稳定性可以提高90％，相比对比例有了大大的提高。从表1中还可以看出，本发明获得的压缩木材的耐湿尺寸变化率和耐热尺寸变化率均比国家标准规定值(耐湿尺寸变化率小于0.8％，耐热尺寸变化率小于1.5％)低75％以上，尺寸稳定性提高90％以上，而且压缩回弹 率降低为0，即本发明的实木地采暖地板板材压缩后无回弹现象，而对比例中无论是耐湿尺寸变化率降低程度还是耐热尺寸变化率的降低程度都不如本发明，由此可见，本发明可以大大的提高表层压缩木地板的尺寸稳定性，具有吸水回弹率低、耐湿耐热性能好的特点。

Claims (6)

  1. 表层压缩增强超稳定实木地采暖地板板材的生产方法，其特征在于：
    在地板板材或基材表层压缩增强的同时，通过控制热压板的温度，对木材进行一次稳定性处理得到压缩增强木材，然后将压缩增强木材放入热处理罐内，通过控制热处理罐内的蒸汽或者蒸汽和空气混合气体压力、温度和处理时间对压缩增强木材进行二次稳定性处理，制得成品。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的表层压缩增强超稳定实木地采暖地板板材的生产方法，其特征在于：所述的一次稳定处理的具体步骤是将地板板材或基材通过喷水、沾水或浸水处理使其表面增加的水的总体量达到0.025-0.200g/cm 2之间，然后放入100-200℃下的热压板中，将热压板以不超过1分钟的时间快速闭合，闭合状态的压力小于1MPa，然后以130℃-160℃的温度加热10-60秒后，再以3MPa-8MPa的压力压缩木材至既定的厚度12-20mm，表层密度达到0.70g/cm 3以上，之后保持3-5分钟，将热压板的压力降至0.8-1.2MPa，温度降至60℃以下后取出木材，完成一次稳定性处理。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的表层压缩增强超稳定实木地采暖地板板材的生产方法，其特征在于：将地板板材或基材通过喷水、沾水或浸水处理使其表面增加的水量达到0.05-0.10g/cm 2之间，然后放入145℃下的热压板中，将热压板以不超过1分钟的时间快速闭合，闭 合状态的压力小于1MPa，然后以145℃-160℃的温度加热15-30秒后，再以5MPa-6MPa的压力压缩木材至既定的厚度15-18mm，表层密度0.70g/cm 3以上，之后保持3-5分钟，将热压板的压力降至1MPa，温度降至60℃以下后取出木材，完成一次稳定性处理。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的表层压缩增强超稳定实木地采暖地板板材的生产方法，其特征在于：所述的二次稳定性处理是将一次稳定性处理得到的压缩增强木材码垛后，用0.5-1.5MPa的压力夹持或配重压紧后放入热处理罐内，升温至160℃-200℃，再向热处理罐内通入蒸汽或者蒸汽和空气的混合气体，增加罐内压力至0.05-0.10MPa，并保持0.5-1.0小时时间，随后按照指数函数y＝ae -bx关系进行调整罐内压力和处理时间关系；
    式中：y为罐内压力，y的范围为常压-1.5MPa；x为处理时间，x的范围在2-720分钟；a和b为常数，a值为0.9-1.2之间，b值为0.01-0.03之间；
    调整处理完成后，停止加热，通过排出水蒸气降压，降压速度为0.012MPa/分钟以下，再通冷水降温，温度降至80℃以下后打开热处理罐，待热处理罐罐内温度降低至60℃以下后取出木材，即完成二次稳定性处理，制得成品。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的表层压缩增强超稳定实木地采暖地板板材的生产方法，其特征在于：所述的二次稳定性处理是将一次稳定性处理得到的压缩增强木材码垛后，用1MPa的压力夹持或配重压紧后放入热处理罐内，升温至180℃，再向热处理罐内通入蒸汽或者蒸 汽与空气的混合气体，增加罐内压力至0.05-0.10MPa，并保持0.5-0.8小时时间，随后按照指数函数y＝ae -bx关系进行调整罐内压力和处理时间关系；
    式中：y为罐内压力，y的范围为常压-1.5MPa；x为处理时间，x的范围在2-720分钟；a和b为常数，a值为0.9-1.2之间，b值为0.01-0.03之间；
    调整处理完成后，停止加热，通过排出水蒸气降压，降压速度为0.012MPa/分钟以下，再通冷水降温，温度降至80℃以下后打开热处理罐，待热处理罐罐内温度降低至60℃以下后取出木材，即完成二次稳定性处理，制得成品。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的表层压缩增强超稳定实木地采暖地板板材的生产方法，其特征在于：所述的地板板材或基材密度小于0.6g/cm 3，厚度在15-50mm,含水率在15％以下。
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