WO2022239660A1 - リフレクタシステム、アクティブリフレクタ、及び、アクティブリフレクタの配置方法 - Google Patents
リフレクタシステム、アクティブリフレクタ、及び、アクティブリフレクタの配置方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022239660A1 WO2022239660A1 PCT/JP2022/019172 JP2022019172W WO2022239660A1 WO 2022239660 A1 WO2022239660 A1 WO 2022239660A1 JP 2022019172 W JP2022019172 W JP 2022019172W WO 2022239660 A1 WO2022239660 A1 WO 2022239660A1
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- reflecting surface
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- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 89
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 17
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
- H01Q15/148—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures with means for varying the reflecting properties
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/12—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical relative movement between primary active elements and secondary devices of antennas or antenna systems
- H01Q3/16—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical relative movement between primary active elements and secondary devices of antennas or antenna systems for varying relative position of primary active element and a reflecting device
- H01Q3/20—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical relative movement between primary active elements and secondary devices of antennas or antenna systems for varying relative position of primary active element and a reflecting device wherein the primary active element is fixed and the reflecting device is movable
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
- H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
- H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/44—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the electric or magnetic characteristics of reflecting, refracting, or diffracting devices associated with the radiating element
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a reflector system, an active reflector, and a method of arranging the active reflector.
- a radio communication system comprises: a first propagation channel information obtaining unit for obtaining first propagation channel information between the radio base station and the phase-controlled reflector; and a second propagation channel between the phase-controlled reflector and the terminal. a second propagation channel information obtaining unit for obtaining information;
- the phase control reflector controls the phase of the radio signal reflected toward the terminal or the radio base station based on the first propagation channel information and the second propagation channel information (see Patent Document 1, for example). ).
- a reflector system is provided at least partially within a boundary area located at the boundary between a line-of-sight area and a non-line-of-sight area formed by one or more shields that shield radio waves transmitted by a transmitter.
- a first active reflector that reflects the radio waves transmitted from the transmitter with the first reflecting surface that can change the angle of reflection; and a second active reflector that is provided in the non-line-of-sight area.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a simulation model of region 1; It is a figure explaining a line-of-sight area, a non-line-of-sight area, and a dead zone area.
- 1 is a diagram showing an example of antenna units 11 and 12 of an antenna set of a radio base station 10.
- FIG. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a reflect array antenna of active reflector 110.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a circuit configuration of an active reflector 110;
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the result of a 1st simulation. It is a figure which shows the result of a 1st simulation. It is a figure which shows the result of a 2nd simulation.
- 11 is a diagram showing the position of the reflecting surface 111 of the active reflector 110 in the third simulation; It is a figure which shows the result of a 3rd simulation. It is a figure which shows the result of a 4th simulation. It is a figure which shows a simulation model. It is a figure which shows a simulation model. It is a figure which shows the result of a 5th simulation.
- Embodiments to which the reflector system, the active reflector, and the active reflector arrangement method of the present disclosure are applied will be described below.
- An XYZ coordinate system will be defined and explained below.
- a direction parallel to the X axis (X direction), a direction parallel to the Y axis (Y direction), and a direction parallel to the Z axis (Z direction) are orthogonal to each other.
- the ⁇ Z direction side may be referred to as the lower side or the lower side
- the +Z direction side may be referred to as the upper side or the upper side for convenience of explanation.
- planar viewing means viewing in the XY plane.
- the length, thickness, thickness, etc. of each part may be exaggerated to make the configuration easier to understand.
- words such as parallel, right angle, orthogonal, horizontal, vertical, and up and down shall be allowed to be shifted to the extent that the effects of the embodiments are not impaired.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a simulation model of area 1.
- FIG. 1 shows, as an example, a state in which the reflector system 100 of the embodiment is arranged in area 1.
- Reflector system 100 illustratively includes two active reflectors 110 .
- Active reflector 110 has a reflective surface 111 .
- One of the two active reflectors 110 is an example of a first active reflector, and one reflecting surface 111 is an example of a first reflecting surface.
- the other active reflector 110 is an example of a second active reflector, and the other reflecting surface 111 is an example of a second reflecting surface.
- An area 1 is, for example, a rectangular area, and includes a cross-shaped road 2 and buildings 5A to 5D arranged along the road 2. Area 1 has no ceiling, and nothing other than what is described here. Buildings 5A to 5D are examples of shields that shield radio waves.
- the road 2 is divided into an intersection 2I, two roads 2X extending from the intersection 2I in ⁇ X directions, and two roads 2Y extending from the intersection 2I in ⁇ Y directions.
- the intersection 2I and the roads 2X and 2Y are not particularly distinguished, and when the intersection 2I and the roads 2X and 2Y are all indicated, the road 2 is used.
- the center of the intersection 2I on the ground surface of the cross-shaped road 2 is set as the origin of the XYZ coordinates.
- Buildings 5A to 5D are, for example, square in plan view and are arranged so as to surround a cross-shaped road 2. Assume that the buildings 5A to 5D have a sufficient height (for example, about 30 m) and have a uniform shape in plan view up to the roof. As an example, the width of the road 2X in the Y direction and the width of the road 2Y in the X direction are 12 m, and the widths of the buildings 5A to 5D in the X and Y directions are 21 m.
- the radio base station 10 is an example of a transmitter.
- the radio base station 10 is arranged at the end of the road 2X on the -X direction side.
- the height of the radio base station 10 is, for example, 1.5 m above the ground.
- the radio base station 10 includes, for example, an antenna set comprising antenna units for transmitting streams in a distributed MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) scheme. Although the details of such an antenna set will be described later, the coordinates of the center of gravity of the antenna unit group will be described here as the coordinates of the radio base station 10 .
- MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output
- the receiver 21 is placed at the end of the road 2Y in the -Y direction, the receiver 22 is placed at the end of the road 2Y in the +Y direction, and the receiver 23 is placed at the end of the road 2X in the +X direction.
- the height of the receivers 21 to 23 is, for example, 1.5 m above the ground, which is equal to the height of the radio base station 10 . Note that the receivers 21 to 23 are referred to as the receiver 20 when they are not distinguished from each other.
- the +Y-direction side active reflector 110 is attached to the -Y-direction end of the -X-direction side wall of the building 5A, and is provided facing the wireless base station 10 at the position closest to the intersection 2I on the road 2Y. It is The ⁇ Y direction side active reflector 110 is attached to the +Y direction side end of the ⁇ X direction side wall of the building 5D, and is provided toward the wireless base station 10 at the position closest to the intersection 2I on the road 2. It is The height of the two active reflectors 110 is, for example, 1.5m above the ground.
- the active reflector 110 is arranged with the reflective surface 111 facing the wireless base station 10 .
- the expression that the reflective surface 111 faces the radio base station 10 means that a straight line can be drawn from the reflective surface 111 toward the antenna of the radio base station 10 without being blocked by obstacles such as the building 5 . This straight line is the shortest optical path.
- the radio waves radiated from the antenna of the radio base station 10 are reflected by the outer walls of the buildings 5A to 5D, etc., but the radio waves do not reach positions such as the positions of the receivers 21 and 22 that are not visible from the radio base station 10. Since a dead zone area, which is an area where no light is present, can occur, the active reflector 110 is provided in order to enable reception of radio waves even in a position where a dead zone area may occur. More specifically, the dead band region is a region in which the strength of radio waves is below the level required for receiving operation in the receivers 21 and 22 .
- FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining line-of-sight areas, non-line-of-sight areas, and dead zone areas.
- FIG. 2A shows a line-of-sight area 30A and a non-line-of-sight area 30B
- FIG. 2B shows a dead zone area.
- the active reflector 110 is omitted in FIG. 2(A), and FIG. 2(B) shows area 1, road 2, buildings 5A to 5D, dead zone areas, and the distribution of radio wave intensity.
- a line-of-sight area 30A indicated by dots with high density is an area that can be seen from the antenna of the radio base station 10 and is a LOS (Line Of Sight) area.
- the non-line-of-sight area 30B is a portion of the road 2 excluding the line-of-sight area 30A, as indicated by dots with low density, and is an NLOS (Non Line Of Sight) area.
- the area visible from the antenna of the radio base station 10 is the intersection 2I, the two roads 2X, and the portion of the two roads 2Y closer to the intersection 2I than the two dashed lines A.
- Two dashed lines A are located in a straight line obtained by connecting the antenna of the radio base station 10 and the corners facing the intersection 2I of the buildings 5B and 5C.
- the portion on the intersection 2I side of the two dashed lines A of the two roads 2Y is the portion Y1 (m) from the corner of the intersection 2I on the -X direction side wall of the buildings 5A and 5D. facing.
- Y1 is 3.6 m.
- radio wave intensity (dBm) shown in FIG. occursed.
- the radio waves radiated from the antenna of the radio base station 10 directly reach the line-of-sight area 30A, but are reflected by the outer walls of the buildings 5A to 5D in the non-line-of-sight area 30B. Therefore, the non-line-of-sight area 30B is divided into an area where radio waves reach and a dead zone area where radio waves do not reach.
- the distribution of the radio field intensity (dBm) shown in FIG. 2B represents the distribution at each position on the road 2 when 25 dBm of power is radiated from the antenna of the radio base station 10.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of the antenna units 11 and 12 of the antenna set of the radio base station 10.
- the radio base station 10 has a main body section 10A and antenna units 11 and 12 .
- the antenna units 11, 12 form an antenna unit group.
- Antenna units 11, 12 are arranged along the Y direction with a spacing d, as an example, for transmitting streams in distributed MIMO.
- the antenna units 11 and 12 are devices that transmit and receive radio waves in a high frequency band (for example, 0.3 GHz to 300 GHz) such as microwaves including millimeter waves.
- the antenna units 11 and 12 emit radio waves compatible with, for example, fifth-generation mobile communication systems (so-called 5G), wireless communication standards such as Bluetooth (registered trademark), and wireless LAN (Local Area Network) standards such as IEEE 802.11ac. It is formed to be able to transmit and receive.
- the antenna units 11 and 12 may be formed to be able to transmit and receive electromagnetic waves conforming to standards other than these, or may be formed to be able to transmit and receive electromagnetic waves of a plurality of different frequencies.
- a form in which the antenna units 11 and 12 transmit and receive radio waves corresponding to the 5G standard will be described as an example. Radio waves emitted from the antenna units 11 and 12 propagate as one beam by beam forming.
- radio base station 10 has two antenna units 11 and 12 will be described. good. Also, for example, distributed MIMO may be realized using two or more radio base stations 10 each having one antenna unit.
- the height at which the antenna units 11 and 12 are installed may be defined by the height from one reference plane parallel to the horizontal plane (here, the surface of the road 2).
- the installation height of the antenna unit may be defined as the height from the outdoor ground.
- the height of the antenna units 11 and 12 in the Z-axis direction from the surface (ground) of the road 2 is set to 1.5 m.
- the receiver 20 may be a radio base station similar to the radio base station 10, or may be a terminal such as a smartphone or a tablet computer of a user using 5G communication. If the receiver 20 is a radio base station, it is preferably capable of communication by distributed MIMO as with the radio base station 10 . If the receiver 20 is a radio base station similar to the radio base station 10, the coordinates of the center of gravity of the antenna unit group may be used as the coordinates of the receiver 20. FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of active reflector 110.
- Active reflector 110 is, for example, a reflect array antenna having a plurality of reflective elements 112 arranged in an array (matrix). A plurality of reflective elements 112 are positioned on one reflective surface 111 parallel to the XY plane.
- the reflective elements 112 are rectangular in plan view and arranged on the surface of an insulating layer (not shown). Such a reflective element 112 can be produced by patterning a metal foil such as copper or aluminum provided on the surface of an insulating layer or the like. As an example, the plurality of reflective elements 112 are arranged at equal intervals in the X direction and the Y direction.
- Each reflective element 112 has a via 112A extending from the center of the lower surface and penetrating the insulating layer. That is, each reflective element 112 is mushroom-shaped as an example.
- a via 112A of each reflecting element 112 is provided with a PIN (P-Intrinsic-N) diode for RF (Radio Frequency), a variable capacitor, or the like.
- PIN diode or a variable capacitor is provided to change the electrical characteristics such as the potential or capacitance of the reflective element 112, and is connected to the drive circuit 113, for example.
- the PIN diode is switched on/off according to the drive signal output from the drive circuit 113 .
- the capacitance of the variable capacitor is switched according to the drive signal output from the drive circuit 113 .
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the circuit configuration of the active reflector 110.
- FIG. FIG. 5A shows a circuit example in which a variable capacitor 114A is connected between vias 112A of two reflective elements 112.
- FIG. The capacitance of the variable capacitor 114A is switched by a drive signal output from the drive circuit 113.
- FIG. 5A Although two reflective elements 112 are shown in FIG. 5A, two other reflective elements 112 are similarly connected to the variable capacitor 114A.
- FIG. 5(B) shows a circuit example in which a PIN diode 114B is connected between vias 112A of two reflective elements 112.
- FIG. ON/OFF of the PIN diode 114B is switched by a drive signal output from the drive circuit 113.
- FIG. 5B shows two reflective elements 112 in FIG. 5B, two other reflective elements 112 are similarly connected to the PIN diode 114B.
- FIG. 5(C) shows a circuit example in which a PIN diode 114C is connected in series between the via 112A of each reflective element 112 and the ground layer 112B.
- the PIN diode 114 ⁇ /b>C is turned on/off by a drive signal output from the drive circuit 113 .
- three reflective elements 112 are shown in FIG. 5C, the other reflective elements 112 are similarly connected to the PIN diode 114C.
- the active reflector 110 adjusts the phase of reflection of incident waves (beams) incident on adjacent reflecting elements 112 by switching the electrical characteristics of each reflecting element 112 with a driving signal output from a driving circuit 113 . can change the reflection angle of the beam formed by the reflected waves reflected by all the reflecting elements 112 to a direction other than specular reflection.
- the active reflector 110 depends on the driving power that drives the variable capacitor 114A, the PIN diode 114B, or the PIN diode 114C connected to each reflecting element 112. It can be set according to the signal pattern.
- the drive circuit 113 is configured by a microcomputer, and data representing the pattern of the drive signal is stored in the memory of the microcomputer. Diode 114B or PIN diode 114C may be driven.
- the active reflector 110 having the reflecting element 112 shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 has been described. As long as it can be done, it may have a configuration other than the configuration described here.
- FIG. 6A shows paths (1) to (3) in which the position of the active reflector 110 is changed in the simulation model of region 1.
- FIG. 6(B), 7(A), and 7(B) show the radio base station when the position of the active reflector 110 is changed along paths (1), (2), and (3), respectively.
- 10 shows the channel capacity (bit/s/Hz) when the radio waves transmitted from 10 are received by the receivers 21-23.
- the size of the reflecting surface 111 of the active reflector 110 is 300 mm long and 300 mm wide, and the area is 0.09 m 2 .
- the position of active reflector 110 is the position of the center of gravity of reflective surface 111 .
- the active reflector 110 swung the reflection angle at intervals of 1 degree within a range of ⁇ 90 degrees with respect to the normal vector of the reflecting surface 111 in the XY plan view.
- Channel capacity represents the density of signals that can be multiplexed without interference in a certain frequency propagation channel.
- channel capacity is high, different information transmitted by the MIMO antenna improves the communication speed, and the same information transmitted by the MIMO antenna improves the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the receiver side.
- SNR signal-to-noise ratio
- Channel capacity represents a communication performance indicator between MIMO antennas.
- active reflector 110 is located within line-of-sight area 30A.
- active reflector 110 is located within non-line-of-sight region 30B.
- the receivers 21 to 23 received shows the channel capacity in the case of Since the channel capacity of receivers 21 and 22 in non-line-of-sight region 30B is approximately zero when active reflector 110 is not in region 1, receivers 21 and 22 are located within the deadband region.
- the channel capacity of the receiver 23 existing within the line-of-sight area 30A tends to be higher overall than when the active reflector 110 is not present. It is considered that the number of radio waves reaching the receiver 23 has increased due to the increase in reflected waves even within the line-of-sight area 30A.
- the channel capacity of the receiver 21 is higher than that of the receiver 22 when the position of the active reflector 110 in the Y direction is -10 m to -7 m, the reflected wave reaching the receiver 21 located near the active reflector 110 was found to increase. Further, when the position of the active reflector 110 in the Y direction is 7 m to 10 m, the channel capacity of the receiver 22 is higher than that of the receiver 21. Therefore, the reflected wave reaching the receiver 22 located near the active reflector 110 was found to increase.
- the channel is more channel-oriented than when the active reflector 110 is not present. A tendency for the capacity to increase was confirmed. It is believed that the presence of the active reflector 110 near the intersection 2I increased the number of reflected waves even within the line-of-sight area 30A, and the number of radio waves reaching the receiver 23 increased.
- the channel capacity of the receivers 21 to 23 is -20 m when the position of the active reflector 110 in the Y direction is -20 m.
- ⁇ -7m and 7m to 20m tended to be higher than the channel capacity without the active reflector 110 present.
- the channel capacity of the receiver 21 is higher than that of the receiver 22 when the position of the active reflector 110 in the Y direction is -20 m to -7 m, the reflected wave reaching the receiver 21 located near the active reflector 110 was found to increase.
- the position of the active reflector 110 in the Y direction is 7 m to 20 m, the channel capacity of the receiver 22 is higher than that of the receiver 21. Therefore, the reflected wave reaching the receiver 22 located near the active reflector 110 was found to increase.
- the receiver The channel capacities of 21 and 22 were particularly high. Since the active reflector 110 is arranged in the line-of-sight area 30A on the +Y direction side and the ⁇ Y direction side in the road 2Y with the reflecting surface 111 facing the radio base station 10, the reflecting surface 111 is directly reached from the radio base station 10. This is probably because the presence of radio waves increases the number of reflected waves, and the number of reflected waves reaching the receivers 21 and 22 in the non-line-of-sight area 30B increases.
- the receiver 23 existing within the line-of-sight area 30A, when the position of the active reflector 110 in the Y direction is ⁇ 9 m, ⁇ 8 m, ⁇ 7 m, 7 m, 8 m, and 9 m, It was also confirmed that the channel capacity tends to increase. It is believed that the number of reflected waves reaching the receiver 23 within the line-of-sight area 30A also increased due to the placement of the active reflectors 110 in the line-of-sight area 30A on the +Y direction side and the ⁇ Y direction side of the road 2Y. .
- the active reflector 110 is installed near the intersection 2I, the reflected waves reaching the receivers 21 and 22 placed within the dead zone area can be increased.
- the reflected waves reaching the receivers 21 and 22 placed within the dead zone area was found to be significantly increased.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the results of the second simulation.
- the channel capacity is the channel capacity (bit/s/Hz) when the radio waves transmitted from the radio base station 10 are received by the receivers 21-23.
- the positions of radio base station 10 and receivers 21 to 23 are the same as in the first simulation.
- the result for the area of the active reflector 110 of 0 m 2 represents the result when the active reflector 110 is not installed.
- the area of the active reflector 110 is set to 0.09 m 2 (300 mm ⁇ 300 mm) and 0.64 m 2 (800 mm ⁇ 800 mm)
- the channel capacities of the receivers 21 and 22 are reduced compared to when the active reflector 110 is not installed. increased dramatically.
- About 50% to 60% larger values were obtained when the area of the active reflector 110 was 0.64 m 2 than when the area was 0.09 m 2 .
- the results of setting the area of the active reflector 110 to 0.09 m 2 (300 mm ⁇ 300 mm) and 0.64 m 2 (800 mm ⁇ 800 mm) are shown, but up to 1.00 m 2 (1000 mm ⁇ 1000 mm), there is an increasing tendency. I was able to confirm that it shows. Also, when the area of the active reflector 110 is made smaller than 0.09 m 2 , the channel capacity of the receivers 21 and 22 is 0.01 m 2 (100 mm ⁇ 100 mm) or more when the active reflector 110 is not installed. It was confirmed that the
- a second simulation revealed that a larger size of the active reflector 110 can increase reflected waves reaching the receivers 21 and 22 located within the dead zone region. It was found that the size of the reflecting surface 111 of the active reflector 110 is preferably 0.01 m 2 to 1.00 m 2 .
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the position of the reflecting surface 111 of the active reflector 110 in the third simulation.
- the channel capacities of the receivers 21 to 23 were calculated when the active reflectors 110 were placed at 12 positions and placed at each position.
- FIG. 9 shows the outer wall of the building 5A on the -X direction side.
- the positions of radio base station 10 and receivers 21 to 23 are the same as in the first simulation.
- the size of the active reflector 110 is 0.09 m 2 (300 mm ⁇ 300 mm).
- the active reflector 110 swung the reflection angle at intervals of 1 degree within a range of ⁇ 90 degrees with respect to the normal vector of the reflecting surface 111 in the XY plan view.
- (X, Y, Z) (5, 7, 1.5), (5, 7, 3), (5, 7, 6), (5, 8, 1.5), (5, 8, 3) ), (5,8,6), (5,9,1.5), (5,9,3), (5,9,6) are within the line-of-sight area 30A, and the active reflector 110 is located on the road 2Y Since the reflective surface 111 is arranged to face the radio base station 10 within the line-of-sight area 30A on the +Y direction side, a straight line (shortest optical path) connecting the reflective surface 111 and the radio base station 10 exists.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the results of the third simulation.
- differences in the channel capacities (bit/s/Hz) of the receivers 21 to 23 with respect to differences in the height of the active reflector 110 and differences in the line-of-sight area 30A/non-line-of-sight area 30B were calculated.
- the active reflector 110 is within the line-of-sight area 30A, since there is a straight line (shortest optical path) connecting the reflecting surface 111 and the wireless base station 10 for the entire reflecting surface 111, radio waves directly arriving from the wireless base station 10 This is probably because the radio waves that have directly arrived are reflected by the reflecting surface 111 and the reflected waves that reach the receivers 21 and 22 within the dead zone area are increased.
- the increase in channel capacity of receiver 22 located within road 2Y on the same +Y direction side as active reflector 110 was greater than that of receiver 21 .
- the increase in channel capacity of receiver 22 located within road 2Y on the same +Y direction side as active reflector 110 was greater than that of receiver 21 .
- the increase in the channel capacity of the receiver 22 located within the road 2Y on the same +Y direction side as the active reflector 110 was greater than that of the receiver 21 .
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the results of the fourth simulation.
- 11(A), 11(B), and 11(C) show direct waves that directly reach the receivers 21, 22, and 23 from the radio base station 10, and waves reflected on the way.
- An optical path (ray path) with an arriving reflected wave is shown.
- the reflecting surface 111 faces the -X direction.
- the size of the reflecting surface 111 of the active reflector 110 is 300 mm long and 300 mm wide, and its area is 0.09 m 2 .
- the position of active reflector 110 is the position of the center of gravity of reflective surface 111 .
- the active reflector 110 swung the reflection angle at intervals of 1 degree within a range of ⁇ 90 degrees with respect to the normal vector of the reflecting surface 111 in the XY plan view.
- 11(A), 11(B), and 11(C) show only the layout of the buildings 5A to 5D, and the receivers 21, 22, and 23 and other Components and their symbols are omitted.
- the active reflector 110 is positioned within the line-of-sight area 30A.
- active reflector 110 is located within non-line-of-sight area 30B but near the boundary with line-of-sight area 30A.
- the active reflector 110 is located at a distance of 5 m or more from the line-of-sight area 30A within the non-line-of-sight area 30B. This simulation was performed on a simulator that seeks ray paths.
- reflected waves reflected by the outer walls of the buildings 5B and 5C also entered the active reflector 110 from the wireless base station 10 .
- the reflected wave reflected by the active reflector 110 may reach the receiver 21 directly, or may reach the receiver 21 after being reflected by the outer wall of the building 5C on the +X direction side.
- reflected waves reflected by the outer walls of the buildings 5B and 5C also entered the active reflector 110 from the wireless base station 10 . It was also confirmed that the reflected wave reflected by the active reflector 110 may reach the receiver 22 directly, or may reach the receiver 22 after being reflected by the outer walls of the buildings 5A and 5B.
- the reflected waves from the radio base station 10 did not reach the active reflector 110 directly, but were reflected by the outer walls of the buildings 5A, 5B, and 5C. It was also confirmed that the reflected wave reflected by the active reflector 110 may reach the receiver 21 directly, or may reach the receiver 21 after being reflected by the outer walls of the buildings 5A and 5C.
- 12 and 13 are diagrams showing simulation models. 12 and 13 show five simulation models 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D and 1E. 12 and 13 show only the layout of buildings 5A-5D and active reflectors 110, 110A and 110B, omitting receivers 21, 22 and 23 and other components and their reference numerals.
- the size of the active reflectors 110, 110A, and 110B is 0.09 m 2 (300 mm ⁇ 300 mm).
- the active reflectors 110, 110A, and 110B swung the reflection angle at intervals of 5 degrees within a range of ⁇ 90 degrees with respect to the normal vector of the reflecting surface 111 in the XY plan view.
- the two active reflectors 110A, 110B of simulation models 1C-1E have the same configuration as the single active reflector 110 of simulation model 1B.
- a simulation model 1A shown in FIG. 12(A) is a simulation model for comparison, and the active reflector 110 is not arranged.
- the reflective surface 111 faces the -X direction and faces the radio base station 10 .
- the reflecting surfaces 111 of the two active reflectors 110A and 110B both face the -X direction and are directed toward the radio base station 10.
- FIG. The two active reflectors 110A and 110B are arranged adjacent to each other across the intersection 2I. Since the intersection 2I is the line-of-sight area 30A, the two active reflectors 110A and 110B are arranged adjacent to each other with the line-of-sight area 30A interposed therebetween. Since the position of active reflector 110A is the same as the position of active reflector 110 of simulation model 1B, simulation model 1C has a configuration in which active reflector 110B is added to simulation model 1B.
- the simulation model 1C shown in FIG. 12(C) is a simulation model including the reflector system 100.
- Active reflector 110A is an example of a first active reflector
- reflective surface 111 of active reflector 110A is an example of a first reflective surface.
- the active reflector 110B is an example of a second active reflector
- the reflecting surface 111 of the active reflector 110B is an example of a second reflecting surface.
- a simulation model 1D shown in FIG. 13(A) is a simulation model including the reflector system 100 .
- the reflecting surface 111 of the active reflector 110A faces the -X direction and faces the radio base station 10.
- the reflecting surface 111 of the active reflector 110B faces the +X direction, and faces the reflecting surface 111 of the active reflector 110A across the non-line-of-sight area 30B of the road 2Y on the +Y direction side.
- the simulation model 1D has a configuration in which the active reflector 110B is added to the simulation model 1B.
- Active reflector 110A is an example of a first active reflector
- reflective surface 111 of active reflector 110A is an example of a first reflective surface.
- the active reflector 110B is an example of a second active reflector
- the reflecting surface 111 of the active reflector 110B is an example of a second reflecting surface.
- a simulation model 1E shown in FIG. 13(B) is a simulation model including the reflector system 100 .
- the reflecting surface 111 of the active reflector 110A faces the -X direction and faces the radio base station 10.
- the reflecting surface 111 of the active reflector 110B faces the +X direction.
- the reflecting surfaces 111 of the two active reflectors 110A and 110B are obliquely opposed to each other across the intersection 2I. Since the intersection 2I is the line-of-sight area 30A, the reflecting surfaces 111 of the two active reflectors 110A and 110B are arranged obliquely across the line-of-sight area 30A.
- the simulation model 1E has a configuration in which the active reflector 110B is added to the simulation model 1B.
- Active reflector 110A is an example of a first active reflector
- reflective surface 111 of active reflector 110A is an example of a first reflective surface.
- the active reflector 110B is an example of a second active reflector
- the reflecting surface 111 of the active reflector 110B is an example of a second reflecting surface.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the results of the fifth simulation.
- the channel capacities of receivers 21-23 in simulation models 1A-1E were calculated.
- the channel capacities of the receivers 21-23 are shown as bar graphs.
- Channel capacities in simulation models 1A-1E are shown from left to right for each of receivers 21-23.
- the channel capacity of the receiver 21 of simulation models 1B-1E in which active reflector 110 or 110A and 110B are placed is compared to simulation model 1A in which active reflectors 110, 110A and 110B are not placed. increased significantly. It has been found that placing the active reflectors 110, 110A, 110B at each of the locations described above can significantly increase the channel capacity of the receiver 21 located within the deadband region.
- simulation model 1C The greatest increase in the channel capacity of the receiver 21 was obtained with the simulation model 1C, where the best results were obtained by placing two active reflectors 110A, 110B side by side facing the radio base station 10 across the intersection 2I. was taken. Also, simulation models 1D and 1E, which include two active reflectors 110A and 110B, slightly increase the channel capacity of receiver 21 compared to simulation model 1B, which includes one active reflector 110. FIG. Simulation models 1D and 1E are obtained by adding facing and diagonally facing active reflectors 110B to simulation model 1B. Therefore, it was confirmed that the number of reflected waves reaching the receiver 21 increases by adding the active reflector 110B that does not face the radio base station 10. FIG.
- simulation models 1D and 1E including two active reflectors 110A and 110B slightly increased the channel capacity of the receiver 21 compared to the simulation model 1B including one active reflector 110. Therefore, it was confirmed that the number of reflected waves reaching the receiver 22 increases by adding the active reflector 110B that does not face the radio base station 10 as in the case of the receiver 21 .
- the channel capacities of the receivers 21 and 22 within the dead band region can be increased more than the simulation model 1B including only one active reflector 110. It turns out there is. That is, it has been found that the use of reflector system 100 can increase the channel capacity of receivers 21 and 22 within the deadband region, rather than using active reflector 110 alone.
- the second active reflector 110 does not have to face the radio base station 10, but if it faces the radio base station 10 as in the simulation model 1C, the receivers 21 and 22 within the dead zone region are channel capacity can be increased more effectively. For this reason, when using the reflector system 100, it is presumed that the number of active reflectors 110 facing the radio base station 10 should be large.
- the channel capacity of the receivers 21-23 is also increased when in the non-line-of-sight area 30B.
- the position where the reflective surface 111 of the active reflector 110 is arranged should be within the boundary area located at the boundary between the line-of-sight area 30A and the non-line-of-sight area 30B.
- the active reflector 110 should be provided so that at least part of the reflective surface 111 is positioned within the boundary area between the line-of-sight area 30A and the non-line-of-sight area 30B. By placing active reflector 110 in this manner, the channel capacity of receivers 21 and 22 within the deadband region can be increased.
- a method of arranging active reflector 110 is to calculate line-of-sight area 30A and non-line-of-sight area 30B and position active reflector 110 so that at least a portion of reflective surface 111 is located in the boundary area between line-of-sight area 30A and non-line-of-sight area 30B. is a method of arranging
- the active reflector 110 when the active reflector 110 is provided with the reflecting surface 111 facing the radio base station 10 as in the route (3), the active reflector 110 is installed without facing the reflecting surface 111 toward the radio base station 10 as in the route (2).
- the channel capacity of receivers 21 and 22 within the deadband region has increased over the placement. Therefore, by providing the active reflector 110 with the reflecting surface 111 facing the radio base station 10, the dead zone region can be eliminated more efficiently.
- the size of the reflecting surface 111 of the active reflector 110 is preferably 0.09 m 2 to 1.00 m 2 . Therefore, by setting the size of the reflecting surface 111 to 0.09 m 2 to 1.00 m 2 , the dead zone area can be eliminated more efficiently.
- the height was 1.5 m or more and 5 m or less.
- the channel capacity of receivers 21 and 22 in the area has increased.
- the tendency of this Y-direction position was the same as in the first simulation. Therefore, by setting the height of the reflecting surface 111 of the active reflector 110 to 1.5 m or more and 5 m or less, the dead zone region can be eliminated more efficiently.
- the channels of the receivers 21 and 22 within the deadband region are reduced more than the simulation model 1B including only one active reflector 110. increased capacity. Therefore, it is possible to provide the reflector system 100 that can efficiently eliminate the dead band region.
- the channel capacity of the receivers 21 and 22 within the dead band area was increased more when both of the two active reflectors 110A and 110B faced the radio base station 10. Therefore, by arranging the reflecting surfaces 111 of the two active reflectors 110A and 110B both facing the radio base station 10 and adjacent to each other with the line-of-sight area 30A interposed therebetween, the dead zone area can be eliminated more efficiently. 100 can be provided. Active reflector 110B, which is an example of the second active reflector, may be arranged adjacent to active reflector 110 within non-line-of-sight region 30B.
- the active reflector 110A and the non-line-of-sight area 30B may be placed opposite each other, or the line-of-sight area 30A may be placed diagonally opposite the active reflector 110A.
- a reflector system 100 can be provided.
- the line-of-sight region 30A and the non-line-of-sight region 30B are separated in the XY plane. It may be divided in a direction oblique to the X-axis, Y-axis, or Z-axis. In either case, the active reflector 110 should be installed in the boundary area between the line-of-sight area 30A and the non-line-of-sight area 30B.
- the present invention is not limited to the specifically disclosed embodiments and is not intended to be limited to Various modifications and changes are possible without departing from the scope of the claims.
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Abstract
Description
以下、本開示のリフレクタシステム、アクティブリフレクタ、及び、アクティブリフレクタの配置方法を適用した実施形態について説明する。以下では、XYZ座標系を定義して説明する。X軸に平行な方向(X方向)、Y軸に平行な方向(Y方向)、Z軸に平行な方向(Z方向)は、互いに直交する。また、以下では、説明の便宜上、-Z方向側を下側又は下、+Z方向側を上側又は上と称す場合がある。また、平面視とはXY面視することをいう。また、以下では構成が分かり易くなるように各部の長さ、太さ、厚さ等を誇張して示す場合がある。また、平行、直角、直交、水平、垂直、上下等の文言は、実施形態の効果を損なわない程度のずれを許容するものとする。
図1は、領域1のシミュレーションモデルを示す図である。図1には、一例として、領域1に実施形態のリフレクタシステム100を配置した状態を示す。リフレクタシステム100は、一例として2つのアクティブリフレクタ110を含む。アクティブリフレクタ110は、反射面111を有する。2つのアクティブリフレクタ110のうちの一方は第1アクティブリフレクタの一例であり、一方の反射面111は第1反射面の一例である。他方のアクティブリフレクタ110は第2アクティブリフレクタの一例であり、他方の反射面111は第2反射面の一例である。
図2は、見通し領域、非見通し領域、及び不感帯領域を説明する図である。図2(A)には見通し領域30Aと非見通し領域30Bとを示し、図2(B)には不感帯領域を示す。図2(A)ではアクティブリフレクタ110を省略し、図2(B)には、領域1、道路2、建物5A~5D、及び不感帯領域と、電波強度の分布とを示す。
図3は、無線基地局10のアンテナセットのアンテナユニット11、12の一例を示す図である。無線基地局10は、本体部10Aと、アンテナユニット11、12とを有する。アンテナユニット11、12は、アンテナユニット群を構築する。アンテナユニット11、12は、分散MIMOでストリームを送信するために、一例として間隔dでY方向に沿って配置されている。
受信器20は、無線基地局10と同様の無線基地局であってもよいし、5G通信を利用する利用者等のスマートフォンやタブレットコンピュータ等の端末機であってもよい。受信器20が無線基地局である場合には、無線基地局10と同様に分散MIMOによる通信が可能であることが好ましい。受信器20が無線基地局10と同様の無線基地局である場合には、アンテナユニット群の重心の座標を受信器20の座標とすればよい。
図4は、アクティブリフレクタ110の構成の一例を示す図である。アクティブリフレクタ110は、一例として、アレイ状(マトリクス状)に配列される複数の反射素子112を有するリフレクトアレイアンテナである。複数の反射素子112は、XY平面に平行な1つの反射面111上に位置する。
図6及び図7は、第1シミュレーションの結果を示す図である。図6(A)には、領域1のシミュレーションモデルにおいてアクティブリフレクタ110の位置を変更した経路(1)~(3)を示す。図6(B)、図7(A)、図7(B)は、それぞれ、アクティブリフレクタ110の位置を経路(1)、(2)、(3)に沿って変更した場合に、無線基地局10から送信される電波を受信器21~23が受信した場合のチャネル容量(bit/s/Hz)を示す。
図8は、第2シミュレーションの結果を示す図である。第2シミュレーションでは、アクティブリフレクタ110のサイズ(面積)の違いに対するチャネル容量(bit/s/Hz)の違いを計算した。チャネル容量は、無線基地局10から送信される電波を受信器21~23が受信した場合のチャネル容量(bit/s/Hz)である。なお、無線基地局10と受信器21~23との位置は、第1シミュレーションと同一である。
図9は、第3シミュレーションにおけるアクティブリフレクタ110の反射面111の位置を示す図である。第3シミュレーションでは、アクティブリフレクタ110を12箇所に配置して、各位置に配置した場合の受信器21~23のチャネル容量を計算した。図9には、建物5Aの-X方向側の外壁を示す。なお、無線基地局10と受信器21~23との位置は、第1シミュレーションと同一である。また、アクティブリフレクタ110のサイズは、0.09m2(300mm×300mm)である。また、アクティブリフレクタ110は、XY平面視で反射面111の法線ベクトルに対して±90度の範囲で1度間隔で反射角度を振った。
図11は、第4シミュレーションの結果を示す図である。図11(A)、図11(B)、及び図11(C)には、無線基地局10から受信器21、22、23のそれぞれに直接的に到達する直接波と、途中で反射して到達する反射波との光路(レイパス)を示す。図11(A)、図11(B)、及び図11(C)におけるアクティブリフレクタ110の座標は、それぞれ(X,Y,Z)=(5,7,1.5)、(5,10,1.5)、及び(5,15,1.5)である。反射面111は-X方向側を向いている。
図12及び図13は、シミュレーションモデルを示す図である。図12及び図13には、5つのシミュレーションモデル1A、1B、1C、1D、1Eを示す。図12及び図13では、建物5A~5Dの配置、及び、アクティブリフレクタ110、110A、110Bのみを示し、受信器21、22、及び23やその他の構成要素と、その符号を省略する。なお、アクティブリフレクタ110、110A、110Bのサイズは、0.09m2(300mm×300mm)である。また、アクティブリフレクタ110、110A、110Bは、XY平面視で反射面111の法線ベクトルに対して±90度の範囲で5度間隔で反射角度を振った。シミュレーションモデル1C~1Eの2つのアクティブリフレクタ110A、110Bは、シミュレーションモデル1Bの1つのアクティブリフレクタ110と同一の構成を有する。
上述のように、第1乃至第5シミュレーションを行った。第1シミュレーションの経路(1)~(3)では、経路(1)におけるX=±25m、±20mの場合を除くと、アクティブリフレクタ110を交差点2Iの近くに配置した場合に、アクティブリフレクタ110が存在しない場合に比べて受信器21~23のチャネル容量が大きく増大することが分かった。
1A~1E シミュレーションモデル
10 無線基地局
11、12 アンテナユニット
30A 見通し領域
30B 非見通し領域
100 リフレクタシステム
110、110A、110B アクティブリフレクタ
111 反射面
112 反射素子
Claims (15)
- 送信機が送信する電波を遮蔽する1又は複数の遮蔽物によって形成される見通し領域及び非見通し領域の境界部に位置する境界領域内に少なくとも一部が設けられる第1反射面を有し、反射角度を変更可能な前記第1反射面で前記送信機から送信される前記電波を反射する、第1アクティブリフレクタと、
前記非見通し領域内に設けられる第2反射面、又は、前記境界領域内に少なくとも一部が設けられる第2反射面を有し、反射角度を変更可能な前記第2反射面で、前記送信機から送信される前記電波、又は、前記第1アクティブリフレクタによって反射された電波を反射する、第2アクティブリフレクタと
を含む、リフレクタシステム。 - 前記第1アクティブリフレクタは、前記第1反射面を前記送信機に向けて設けられる、請求項1に記載のリフレクタシステム。
- 前記第2アクティブリフレクタは、前記第2反射面を前記送信機又は前記第1反射面に向けて設けられる、請求項1又は2に記載のリフレクタシステム。
- 前記第1アクティブリフレクタ及び前記第2アクティブリフレクタは、前記第1反射面及び前記第2反射面が前記見通し領域又は前記非見通し領域を挟んで向かい合うように配置される、請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項に記載のリフレクタシステム。
- 前記第2アクティブリフレクタは、前記第2反射面の少なくとも一部が前記境界領域内に設けられており、
前記第1アクティブリフレクタ及び前記第2アクティブリフレクタは、前記第1反射面及び前記第2反射面が前記見通し領域又は前記非見通し領域を挟んで隣り合うように配置される、請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項に記載のリフレクタシステム。 - 前記第1反射面又は前記第2反射面の高さ位置は、地上1.5m以上で5m以下の高さ位置である、請求項1乃至5のいずれか1項に記載のリフレクタシステム。
- 前記第1アクティブリフレクタは駆動信号に応じて前記第1反射面の反射角度を変更する、又は、前記第2アクティブリフレクタは駆動信号に応じて前記第2反射面の反射角度を変更する、請求項1乃至6のいずれか1項に記載のリフレクタシステム。
- 前記送信機は、MIMO(Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output)方式で前記電波を送信する送信機であり、
前記第1アクティブリフレクタ及び前記第2アクティブリフレクタは、前記第1反射面及び前記第2反射面でMIMO方式の前記電波を反射する、請求項1乃至7のいずれか1項に記載のリフレクタシステム。 - 前記第1反射面及び前記第2反射面のサイズは、0.01m2以上、1m2以下である、請求項1乃至8のいずれか1項に記載のリフレクタシステム。
- 送信機が送信する電波を遮蔽する1又は複数の遮蔽物によって形成される見通し領域及び非見通し領域の境界部に位置する境界領域内に少なくとも一部が設けられる反射面を有し、反射角度を変更可能な前記反射面で前記送信機から送信される前記電波を反射する、アクティブリフレクタ。
- 前記反射面は前記送信機に向けて設けられる、請求項10に記載のアクティブリフレクタ。
- 前記反射面の高さ位置は、地上1.5m以上で5m以下の高さ位置である、請求項10又は11に記載のアクティブリフレクタ。
- 前記送信機は、MIMO方式で前記電波を送信する送信機であり、
前記反射面でMIMO方式の前記電波を反射する、請求項10乃至12のいずれか1項に記載のアクティブリフレクタ。 - 前記反射面のサイズは、0.01m2以上、1m2以下である、請求項10乃至13のいずれか1項に記載のアクティブリフレクタ。
- 反射角度を変更可能な反射面で送信機から送信される電波を反射するように前記反射面を有するアクティブリフレクタを配置するアクティブリフレクタの配置方法であって、
前記反射面の少なくとも一部が、送信機から送信される電波を遮蔽する1又は複数の遮蔽物によって形成される見通し領域及び非見通し領域の境界部に位置する境界領域内に配置されるように、前記アクティブリフレクタを配置する、アクティブリフレクタの配置方法。
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- 2022-04-27 JP JP2023520973A patent/JPWO2022239660A1/ja active Pending
- 2022-04-27 WO PCT/JP2022/019172 patent/WO2022239660A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2022-05-03 TW TW111116651A patent/TW202245337A/zh unknown
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Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2003032165A (ja) * | 2001-07-12 | 2003-01-31 | Ntt Docomo Inc | マイクロ波伝送装置とこれに使用される反射板 |
JP2009153095A (ja) * | 2007-11-30 | 2009-07-09 | Ntt Docomo Inc | 無線通信システム |
WO2021024611A1 (ja) | 2019-08-07 | 2021-02-11 | 株式会社Nttドコモ | 無線通信システム、位相制御リフレクタ及び無線通信方法 |
JP2021081556A (ja) | 2019-11-18 | 2021-05-27 | 京セラ株式会社 | 光学素子及び光学素子の製造方法 |
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JPWO2022239660A1 (ja) | 2022-11-17 |
US20240063536A1 (en) | 2024-02-22 |
EP4340131A1 (en) | 2024-03-20 |
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