WO2022237542A1 - 磁场辅助模拟零-微重力火焰合成纳米颗粒的装置和方法 - Google Patents

磁场辅助模拟零-微重力火焰合成纳米颗粒的装置和方法 Download PDF

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WO2022237542A1
WO2022237542A1 PCT/CN2022/089538 CN2022089538W WO2022237542A1 WO 2022237542 A1 WO2022237542 A1 WO 2022237542A1 CN 2022089538 W CN2022089538 W CN 2022089538W WO 2022237542 A1 WO2022237542 A1 WO 2022237542A1
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magnetic field
flame
burner
microgravity
gradient
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PCT/CN2022/089538
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French (fr)
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段伦博
高贺同
孙镇坤
李天新
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东南大学
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    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J4/00—Feed or outlet devices; Feed or outlet control devices
    • B01J4/001—Feed or outlet devices as such, e.g. feeding tubes
    • B01J4/002—Nozzle-type elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
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    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B13/00—Oxygen; Ozone; Oxides or hydroxides in general
    • C01B13/14—Methods for preparing oxides or hydroxides in general
    • C01B13/20—Methods for preparing oxides or hydroxides in general by oxidation of elements in the gaseous state; by oxidation or hydrolysis of compounds in the gaseous state
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    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
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    • B01J2219/00191—Control algorithm
    • B01J2219/00222—Control algorithm taking actions
    • B01J2219/00227—Control algorithm taking actions modifying the operating conditions
    • B01J2219/00229—Control algorithm taking actions modifying the operating conditions of the reaction system
    • B01J2219/00234—Control algorithm taking actions modifying the operating conditions of the reaction system inside the reactor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00277—Apparatus
    • B01J2219/00495—Means for heating or cooling the reaction vessels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J2219/0803—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy
    • B01J2219/085—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy creating magnetic fields
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    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/18—Details relating to the spatial orientation of the reactor
    • B01J2219/185—Details relating to the spatial orientation of the reactor vertical

Definitions

  • the present application is a technology for synthesizing nanoparticles by flame, in particular a method and device for synthesizing nanoparticles by zero-microgravity flame under magnetic field-assisted simulation.
  • Nanomaterials refer to materials that have at least one dimension in the three-dimensional space in the nanoscale range (1-100nm) or are composed of them as basic units.
  • the application of nanomaterials and nanotechnology in industries such as energy, environment, resources and water treatment has made a good start, and the scope of application of nanomaterials has gradually expanded.
  • the requirements for nanomaterials are getting higher and higher, and the requirements for the miniaturization, intelligence, high integration and ultrafast transmission of components are getting smaller and smaller.
  • Aerospace, new military equipment and advanced manufacturing technology have higher and higher requirements on material performance.
  • Flame synthesis is a new type of nanomaterial synthesis technology.
  • the precursors form nanoparticles through pyrolysis, nucleation, collision, agglomeration and other processes, which can be used to synthesize oxides of almost all elements.
  • the gravity buoyancy will accelerate the gas in the center of the flame to rise to form a drop-shaped flame.
  • the buoyancy force disappears, and there is only a gradient diffusion between the flame and the surrounding air, so a special flame shape will be produced, for example, the diffusion flame with a low Reynolds number is spherical.
  • microgravity will affect the flow field, component concentration field and temperature field, which may affect the particle growth process during the flame synthesis process, thereby changing the particle shape of the product.
  • the flame disturbance is reduced and the stability is improved; Evenly distributed product.
  • microgravity is dominated by diffusion control, the combustion rate slows down, the flame temperature decreases, and the soot concentration decreases, which will increase the product purity.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to offset the gravity buoyancy effect with the magnetic buoyancy effect generated by the gradient magnetic field, and provide a magnetic field-assisted simulation zero-microgravity flame synthesis Nanoparticle devices and methods.
  • a device for synthesizing nanoparticles with magnetic field-assisted simulation of zero-microgravity flames of the present invention includes a gradient magnetic field device, a burner and a product collection device; the gradient magnetic field device is composed of two magnetic field devices arranged face to face.
  • the burner is located between the two magnetic field devices, the outlet of the burner is vertically upward, and the position is below the center of the magnetic field of the gradient magnetic field device; when the use environment is the ground and the purpose is to simulate a microgravity flame, the outlet of the burner is vertically upward, The direction of the gradient magnetic field generated by the gradient magnetic field device is opposite.
  • the oxygen is subjected to the vertical upward magnetic field gradient force, so that the gradient magnetic field force and gravity are offset.
  • the product collection device is located downstream of the flame to collect the target product for synthesis; when the use environment is a microgravity environment , the purpose is to simulate the normal gravity flame, the direction of the burner exit is the same as the direction of the magnetic field gradient, at this time, the oxygen is subjected to the magnetic field gradient force consistent with the direction of the burner exit, so that the magnetic field gradient force is equivalent to gravity, and the normal gravity is simulated in the microgravity environment Gravity Flame Synthesis.
  • the gradient magnetic field device is an electromagnet or a permanent magnet or a Helmholtz coil, which can provide a gradient magnetic field of required strength, and the gradient size between 20-40T 2 /m, where, is the magnetic field gradient of the gradient magnetic field in the vertical direction z, T is the magnetic field strength unit Tesla, and m is the length unit meter.
  • the burners include coaxial burners, McKenna flat flame premixed burners, Hencken burners or atomizing nozzle burners.
  • the center of the coaxial burner is the precursor vapor
  • the outer periphery of the precursor vapor is the fuel
  • the outer periphery of the fuel is the oxidant
  • the oxidant, fuel and precursor vapor form a flame at the burner outlet.
  • the product collection device comprises a fiber filter or a thermophoretic collection device, collecting the nanoparticle product downstream of the flame,
  • the product collecting device directly uses the product in chemical vapor deposition and coating on the workpiece surface.
  • the target synthesis products include metal oxides, non-metal oxides, carbon nanoparticles or nanofilms.
  • the magnetic field assisted simulation method of zero-microgravity flame synthesis of nanoparticles of the device is as follows: using a coaxial burner, McKenna flat flame premixed burner, Hencken burner or atomizing nozzle burner, in the burner through Inject the precursor vapor, fuel and oxidant of the target nanoparticles, ignite the fuel at the outlet of the burner and adjust the gas flow of each path to obtain a suitable flame, place the flame in the gradient magnetic field device, adjust the magnetic field gradient to make the flame form zero -Microgravity flame, through the product collection device to the target product-nanoparticles, to achieve the simulation of zero-microgravity flame synthesis of nanoparticles.
  • the air at the outlet of the burner is a paramagnetic substance, under the action of a vertically upward magnetic field in the gradient direction, it will be subjected to a vertically upward magnetic volume force; along the vertical z direction, the magnetizing force per unit volume of air is expressed as:
  • F m is the magnetizing force per unit volume of air
  • ⁇ 0 is the vacuum magnetic permeability
  • ⁇ is the volume magnetic susceptibility of air
  • z is the magnetic field gradient of the gradient magnetic field in the vertical direction z.
  • the gas in the flame at the outlet of the burner is heated and its density is reduced to rise under constant gravity.
  • This effect is gravity buoyancy, and the magnetic field gradient generated by the gradient magnetic field is used to generate vertical upward magnetic buoyancy to the air around the flame.
  • the effect is equivalent to a vertical downward buoyancy effect on the gas inside the flame.
  • Its use environment can also be used in microgravity environments such as satellites in orbit, the surface of the moon, etc.
  • the present invention can use gradient magnetic field to simulate zero-microgravity flame on the ground, synthesize nanoparticles under special flame characteristics, reduce flame disturbance, improve stability, and avoid overheating In the zone, the flame temperature decreases, the concentration of soot decreases, and the product with narrow particle size distribution and improved purity can be obtained.
  • the cost is low and the operation time is long.
  • the invention can realize the method of adjusting the parameters of the magnetic field to change the morphology of the flame-synthesized nanomaterials.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a device for synthesizing nanoparticles by simulating zero/microgravity flames assisted by a magnetic field of the present invention.
  • a gradient magnetic field device 1 a burner 2 , an oxidant 21 , a fuel 22 , a precursor vapor 23 , and a product collection device 3 .
  • a magnetic field-assisted simulated zero/microgravity flame synthesis nanoparticle method and device of the present invention comprising a gradient magnetic field device, a burner and a product collection device; the burner feeds the precursors, fuel and oxidant for flame synthesis, and the burner
  • the direction of the outlet is at a certain angle to the direction of the gradient magnetic field generated by the gradient magnetic field device, which can meet the requirements of offsetting the force of the gradient magnetic field and gravity, and the product collecting device is located downstream of the flame to collect the product.
  • the above-mentioned gradient magnetic field device is an electromagnet or a permanent magnet or a Helmholtz coil, which can provide a gradient magnetic field of a certain intensity. between 20-40T 2 /m. By controlling the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field gradient, it is possible to simulate zero/microgravity flame synthesis.
  • Air is a paramagnetic substance, under the action of a vertically upward magnetic field in the gradient direction, it will be subjected to a vertically upward magnetic volume force; along the vertical z direction, the magnetization force per unit volume of air can be expressed as:
  • F m is the magnetizing force per unit volume of air
  • ⁇ 0 is the vacuum magnetic permeability
  • ⁇ is the volume magnetic susceptibility of air
  • z is the magnetic field gradient of the gradient magnetic field in the vertical direction z.
  • the magnetic field gradient generated by the gradient magnetic field can produce a vertical upward magnetic force lift effect on the air around the flame, which is equivalent to a vertical downward lift effect on the gas inside the flame.
  • a zero/microgravity flame is formed when the magnetic and gravitational buoyancy effects of the gradient magnetic field on the interior of the flame cancel each other out.
  • the above-mentioned burners include coaxial burners, McKenna flat-flame premixed burners, Hencken burners, atomizing nozzle burners, etc., the precursor vapor, fuel and oxidant of the target nanoparticles are passed into the burner, and the burner exits Ignite the fuel at the place and adjust the gas flow of each path to obtain a suitable flame, and then collect the nano-products through the product collection device. Furthermore, the flame is placed under the above-mentioned gradient magnetic field, and the magnitude of the magnetic field gradient is adjusted to make the flame form a zero/microgravity flame, thereby realizing the synthesis of a simulated zero/microgravity flame.
  • Its use environment can also be used in microgravity environments such as satellites in orbit, the surface of the moon, etc.
  • the preferred embodiment of the magnetic field-assisted simulation zero-microgravity flame synthesis nanoparticle device of the present invention includes a gradient magnetic field device 1, a burner 2 and a product collection device 3; the burner 2 is preferably coaxial combustion
  • the flame synthesis precursor, fuel and oxidant are fed into the burner, and the outlet of the burner is vertically upward, and the position is below the center of the magnetic field of the gradient magnetic field device 1 .
  • the product collection device 3 is preferably a filter device made of glass fiber, the filter device is connected with a vacuum pump, and the product collection device 3 is located above the flame to collect the synthesized nanoparticles.
  • the center in the coaxial burner is the precursor vapor 23, the periphery of the precursor vapor 23 is the fuel 22, and the periphery of the fuel 22 is the oxidant 21, and the oxidant 21, the fuel 22 and the precursor vapor 23 are combined into a flame at the burner outlet .
  • the precursor vapor of the target nanoparticle is passed, the middle layer is passed into fuel such as methane, hydrogen, etc., and the outer layer is passed into an oxidant such as air or oxygen, and the fuel is ignited at the outlet of the burner 2 and the air flow of each path is adjusted. Once a suitable flame is obtained, the nano-oxide particles can be collected by the product collection device 3 .
  • the flame is placed under the upward gradient magnetic field generated by the gradient magnetic field device 1 .
  • the gradient magnetic field shields the gravity effect, forming a zero/microgravity flame, and realizing the synthesis of a simulated zero/microgravity flame.

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Abstract

一种磁场辅助模拟零-微重力火焰合成纳米颗粒的装置和方法，该装置包括梯度磁场装置(1)、燃烧器(2)和产物收集装置(3)；梯度磁场装置(1)由面对面设置的两个磁场装置构成，燃烧器(2)位于两个磁场装置之间，燃烧器(2)的出口竖直向上，且位置处于梯度磁场装置(1)磁场中心下方；通过梯度磁场装置(1)作用于火焰及其周围磁性物种的体积力以抵消重力浮升作用，在模拟的零/微重力火焰下进行火焰合成，制备纳米颗粒。

Description

磁场辅助模拟零-微重力火焰合成纳米颗粒的装置和方法 技术领域
本申请为一种火焰合成纳米颗粒的技术，特别是一种磁场辅助模拟下的零-微重力火焰合成纳米颗粒的方法和装置。
背景技术
纳米材料是指在三维空间中至少有一维处于纳米尺度范围(1-100nm)或由它们作为基本单元构成的材料。纳米材料和纳米技术在能源、环境、资源和水处理等产业应用出现了良好的开端，纳米材料的应用范围逐步扩大。随着生物技术、先进制造技术等领域的迅猛发展，对纳米材料的要求也越来越高，元器件的小型化、智能化、高集成和超快传输等对材料尺寸的要求越来越小；航空航天、新型军事装备及先进制造技术等对材料性能要求越来越高。
火焰合成法是一种新型的纳米材料合成技术，前驱体经过热解、成核、碰撞、团聚等过程形成纳米颗粒，能用来合成几乎所有元素的氧化物。在地面常重力环境下，由于火焰内部气体被加热，重力浮升作用会使火焰中心气体加速上升形成水滴状火焰。而微重力环境下浮升力消失，火焰与周围空气只存在梯度扩散，所以会产生特殊的火焰形貌，例如低雷诺数的扩散火焰呈球形。
微重力特殊形态的火焰会影响流场，组分浓度场以及温度场，可能会对火焰合成过程中颗粒生长过程产生影响，从而改变产物颗粒形貌。一方面，由于屏蔽了重力浮升作用的影响，火焰扰动减小，稳定性提高，另一方面温度场分布均匀，不会出现组分浓度较高、剧烈反应的过高温区，能够生成粒径分布均匀的产物。同时由于微重力以扩散控制为主，燃烧速率减慢，火焰温度降低，碳烟浓度减小，会提高产品纯度。
若想在常重力下实现零/微重力火焰合成模拟，需借助传统微重力实验所需的落塔、失重飞机或在轨空间站，费用昂贵且无法实现大规模长效研究。
发明内容
技术问题：针对现有零-微重力实验方法的劣势，本发明的目的在于借助梯度磁场产生的磁力浮升作用，与重力浮升作用相抵消，提供一种磁场辅助模拟零-微重力火焰合成纳米颗粒的装置和方法。
技术方案：本发明的一种磁场辅助模拟零-微重力火焰合成纳米颗粒的装置，包括梯度磁场装置、燃烧器和产物收集装置；所述梯度磁场装置由面对面设置的两个磁场装置构成，燃烧器位于两个磁场装置之间，燃烧器的出口竖直向上，且位置处于梯度磁场装置磁场中心下方；当使用环境为地面，目的为模拟微重力火焰时，燃烧器的出口方向竖直向上，与梯度磁场装置产生的梯度磁场方向相反，此时氧气受到竖直向上的磁场梯度力，使梯度磁场力与重力相抵消，产物收集装置位于火焰下游收集合成目标产物；当使用环境为微重力环境，目的为模拟常重力火焰时，燃烧器出口方向与磁场梯度方向相同， 此时氧气受到与燃烧器出口方向一致的磁场梯度力，使磁场梯度力等效为重力，在微重力环境下模拟常重力火焰合成。
其中，所述梯度磁场装置为电磁铁或永磁铁或亥姆霍兹线圈，能够提供所要求强度的梯度磁场，梯度大小
Figure PCTCN2022089538-appb-000001
为20-40T 2/m之间，其中，
Figure PCTCN2022089538-appb-000002
为梯度磁场在竖直方向z上的磁场梯度，T为磁场强度单位特斯拉，m为长度单位米。
所述燃烧器包括同轴燃烧器、McKenna平焰预混燃烧器、Hencken燃烧器或雾化喷嘴燃烧器。
所述的同轴燃烧器内的中心为前驱物蒸汽、前驱物蒸汽的外周为燃料、燃料的外周为氧化剂，氧化剂、燃料和前驱物蒸汽在燃烧器出口合成火焰。
所述产物收集装置包括纤维过滤器或热泳收集装置，在火焰下游收集纳米颗粒产物，
所述产物收集装置将产物直接用于化学气相沉积，用于工件表面镀膜。
所述合成目标产物包括金属氧化物、非金属氧化物、碳纳米颗粒或纳米薄膜。
所述装置的磁场辅助模拟零-微重力火焰合成纳米颗粒的方法为：采用同轴燃烧器、McKenna平焰预混燃烧器、Hencken燃烧器或雾化喷嘴燃烧器，在所述燃烧器中通入目标纳米颗粒的前驱物蒸汽、燃料和氧化剂，在燃烧器出口处点燃燃料并调节各路气流量得到适合的火焰，将火焰置于所述梯度磁场装置中，调节磁场梯度大小使火焰形成零-微重力火焰，通过产物收集装置到目标产物-纳米颗粒，实现模拟零-微重力火焰合成纳米颗粒。
所述燃烧器出口处空气为顺磁性物质，在梯度方向竖直向上的磁场作用下，会受到竖直向上的磁体积力作用；沿竖直z方向，单位体积空气所受磁化力表示为：
Figure PCTCN2022089538-appb-000003
上式中，F m为单位体积空气所受磁化力，μ 0为真空磁导率，χ为空气的体积磁化率，
Figure PCTCN2022089538-appb-000004
为梯度磁场在竖直方向z上的磁场梯度。
所述燃烧器出口处常重力下火焰内气体被加热密度减小而上升，这种作用为重力浮升作用，利用梯度磁场产生的磁场梯度，对火焰周围的空气产生竖直向上的磁力浮升作用，相当于对火焰内部气体产生了竖直向下的浮升作用，当梯度磁场对火焰内部的磁力浮升作用与重力浮升作用相互抵消时，就会形成零-微重力火焰。
其使用环境也可以用于微重力环境如在轨卫星，月球表面等。
有益效果：本发明与现有火焰合成装置相比，具有如下突出性特点和优点：
相比于现有火焰合成装置，本发明的能够在地面上利用梯度磁场模拟零-微重力火焰，在特殊的火焰特性下合成纳米颗粒，火焰扰动减小，稳定性提高，不会出现过高温区，火焰温度降低，碳烟浓度减小，能够得到粒径分布窄，纯度提高的产品。相比于现有零-微重力实验方法，成本低运行时间长。同时，本发明能够实现调节磁场参数来改变火焰合成纳米材料形貌的方法。
附图说明
图1是本发明磁场辅助模拟零/微重力火焰合成纳米颗粒装置示意图。
图中有：梯度磁场装置1、燃烧器2、氧化剂21、燃料22、前驱物蒸汽23、产物收集装置3。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本申请技术方案进行详细说明。
本发明的一种磁场辅助模拟零/微重力火焰合成纳米颗粒方法和装置，包括梯度磁场装置、燃烧器和产物收集装置；所述燃烧器通入火焰合成的前驱物、燃料和氧化剂，燃烧器出口方向与梯度磁场装置产生的梯度磁场方向呈一定角度，能够满足使梯度磁场力与重力相抵消，产物收集装置位于火焰下游收集产物。
上述梯度磁场装置为电磁铁或永磁铁或亥姆霍兹线圈，能够提供一定强度的梯度磁场，梯度大小
Figure PCTCN2022089538-appb-000005
为20-40T 2/m之间。通过控制磁场梯度的大小与方向，可以实现模拟零/微重力火焰合成。
本装置实现模拟零/微重力火焰合成的原理如下：
空气为顺磁性物质，在梯度方向竖直向上的磁场作用下，会受到竖直向上的磁体积力作用；沿竖直z方向，单位体积空气所受磁化力可表示为：
Figure PCTCN2022089538-appb-000006
上式中，F m为单位体积空气所受磁化力，μ 0为真空磁导率，χ为空气的体积磁化率，
Figure PCTCN2022089538-appb-000007
为梯度磁场在竖直方向z上的磁场梯度。
常重力下火焰内气体被加热密度减小而上升，这种作用为重力浮升作用。利用梯度磁场产生的磁场梯度，可以对火焰周围的空气产生竖直向上的磁力浮升作用，相当于对火焰内部气体产生了竖直向下的浮升作用。当梯度磁场对火焰内部的磁力浮升作用与重力浮升作用相互抵消时，就会形成零/微重力火焰。
上述燃烧器包括同轴燃烧器，McKenna平焰预混燃烧器，Hencken燃烧器，雾化喷嘴燃烧器等，在燃烧器中通入目标纳米颗粒的前驱物蒸汽、燃料和氧化剂，在燃烧器出口处点燃燃料并调节各路气流量得到适合的火焰，即可通过产物收集装置收集得到纳米产物。进而将火焰置于上述梯度磁场下，调节磁场梯度大小使火焰形成零/微重力火焰，实现模拟零/微重力火焰合成。
其使用环境也可以用于微重力环境如在轨卫星，月球表面等。
本发明磁场辅助模拟零-微重力火焰合成纳米颗粒装置的优选实施方式，如图1所示，包括梯度磁场装置1、燃烧器2和产物收集装置3；所述燃烧器2优选为同轴燃烧器，通入火焰合成的前驱物、燃料和氧化剂，燃烧器出口竖直向上，且位置处于梯度磁场装置1磁场中心下方。产物收集装置3优选为玻璃纤维制成的过滤装置，过滤装置后接真空泵，产物收集装置3位于火焰上方收集合成的纳米颗粒。
所述的同轴燃烧器内的中心为前驱物蒸汽23、前驱物蒸汽23的外周为燃料22、燃料22的外周为氧化剂21，氧化剂21、燃料22和前驱物蒸汽23在燃烧器出口合成火焰。
在燃烧器2中心通入目标纳米颗粒的前驱物蒸汽，中间层通入燃料如甲烷、氢气等，在外层通入氧化剂如空气或氧气，在燃烧器2出口处点燃燃料并调节各路气流量得到合适的火焰，即可通过产物收集装置3收集得到纳米氧化物颗粒。
进而将火焰置于梯度磁场装置1产生的梯度向上的磁场下。调节梯度磁场装置1的电流大小和极头间距，同时微调燃烧器2出口处火焰与梯度磁场装置1的相对位置，使当地磁场梯度
Figure PCTCN2022089538-appb-000008
为30T 2/m。当梯度磁场对火焰的磁力浮升作用与重力浮升作用相抵消时，梯度磁场就屏蔽了重力作用，形成零/微重力火焰，实现模拟零/微重力火焰合成。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种磁场辅助模拟零-微重力火焰合成纳米颗粒的装置，其特征在于，该装置包括梯度磁场装置(1)、燃烧器(2)和产物收集装置(3)；所述梯度磁场装置(1)由面对面设置的两个磁场装置构成，燃烧器(2)位于两个磁场装置之间，燃烧器(2)的出口竖直向上，且位置处于梯度磁场装置(1)磁场中心下方；当使用环境为地面，目的为模拟微重力火焰时，燃烧器(2)的出口方向竖直向上，与梯度磁场装置(1)产生的梯度磁场方向相反，此时氧气受到竖直向上的磁场梯度力，使梯度磁场力与重力相抵消，产物收集装置(3)位于火焰下游收集合成目标产物；当使用环境为微重力环境，目的为模拟常重力火焰时，燃烧器(2)出口方向与磁场梯度方向相同，此时氧气受到与燃烧器(2)出口方向一致的磁场梯度力，使磁场梯度力等效为重力，在微重力环境下模拟常重力火焰合成。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的磁场辅助模拟零-微重力火焰合成纳米颗粒的装置，其特征在于，所述梯度磁场装置(1)为电磁铁或永磁铁或亥姆霍兹线圈，能够提供所要求强度的梯度磁场，梯度大小
    Figure PCTCN2022089538-appb-100001
    为20-40T 2/m之间，其中，
    Figure PCTCN2022089538-appb-100002
    为梯度磁场在竖直方向z上的磁场梯度，T为磁场强度单位特斯拉，m为长度单位米。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的磁场辅助模拟零-微重力火焰合成纳米颗粒的装置，其特征在于，所述燃烧器(2)包括同轴燃烧器、McKenna平焰预混燃烧器、Hencken燃烧器或雾化喷嘴燃烧器。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的磁场辅助模拟零-微重力火焰合成纳米颗粒的装置，其特征在于，所述的同轴燃烧器内的中心为前驱物蒸汽(23)、前驱物蒸汽(23)的外周为燃料(22)、燃料(22)的外周为氧化剂(21)，氧化剂(21)、燃料(22)和前驱物蒸汽(23)在燃烧器出口合成火焰。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的磁场辅助模拟零-微重力火焰合成纳米颗粒的装置，其特征在于，所述产物收集装置(3)包括纤维过滤器或热泳收集装置，在火焰下游收集纳米颗粒产物，
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的磁场辅助模拟零-微重力火焰合成纳米颗粒的装置，其特征在于，所述合成目标产物包括金属氧化物、非金属氧化物、碳纳米颗粒或纳米薄膜。
  7. 一种如权利要求1所述装置的磁场辅助模拟零-微重力火焰合成纳米颗粒的方法，其特征在于，采用同轴燃烧器、McKenna平焰预混燃烧器、Hencken燃烧器或雾化喷嘴燃烧器，在所述燃烧器中通入目标纳米颗粒的前驱物蒸汽、燃料和氧化剂，在燃烧器出口处点燃燃料并调节各路气流量得到适合的火焰，将火焰置于所述梯度磁场装置(1)中，调节磁场梯度大小使火焰形成零-微重力火焰，通过产物收集装置(3)到目标产物-纳米颗粒，实现模拟零-微重力火焰合成纳米颗粒。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的磁场辅助模拟零-微重力火焰合成纳米颗粒的方法，其特征在于，所述燃烧器出口处空气为顺磁性物质，在梯度方向竖直向上的磁场作用下，会受到竖直向上的磁体积力作用；沿竖直z方向，单位体积空气所受磁化力表示为：
    Figure PCTCN2022089538-appb-100003
    上式中，F m为单位体积空气所受磁化力，μ 0为真空磁导率，χ为空气的体积磁化率，
    Figure PCTCN2022089538-appb-100004
    为梯度磁场在竖直方向z上的磁场梯度。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的磁场辅助模拟零-微重力火焰合成纳米颗粒的方法，其特征在于，所述燃烧器出口处常重力下火焰内气体被加热密度减小而上升，这种作用为重力浮升作用，利用梯度磁场产生的磁场梯度，对火焰周围的空气产生竖直向上的磁力浮升作用，相当于对火焰内部气体产生了竖直向下的浮升作用，当梯度磁场对火焰内部的磁力浮升作用与重力浮升作用相互抵消时，就会形成零-微重力火焰。
  10. 一种如权利要求1所述的磁场辅助模拟零-微重力火焰合成纳米颗粒的装置的应用，其特征在于，所述磁场辅助模拟零-微重力火焰合成纳米颗粒的装置使用环境用于微重力环境如在轨卫星，月球表面。
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