WO2022234782A1 - 導光素子、及びこれを用いた表示装置 - Google Patents
導光素子、及びこれを用いた表示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022234782A1 WO2022234782A1 PCT/JP2022/018697 JP2022018697W WO2022234782A1 WO 2022234782 A1 WO2022234782 A1 WO 2022234782A1 JP 2022018697 W JP2022018697 W JP 2022018697W WO 2022234782 A1 WO2022234782 A1 WO 2022234782A1
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- light guide
- light
- grating
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- substrate
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/062—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight
- C03C3/064—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight containing boron
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/017—Head mounted
- G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/02—Viewing or reading apparatus
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0013—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
- G02B6/0015—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
- G02B6/0016—Grooves, prisms, gratings, scattering particles or rough surfaces
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
- G02B6/0035—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
- G02B6/0036—2-D arrangement of prisms, protrusions, indentations or roughened surfaces
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0065—Manufacturing aspects; Material aspects
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N5/00—Details of television systems
- H04N5/64—Constructional details of receivers, e.g. cabinets or dust covers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a light guide element and a display device using the same.
- Augmented Reality (AR)/Mixed Reality (MR) headsets for personal or professional use are being developed. Since ARMR headsets are required to have high resolution and a wide viewing angle, heavy members are often used for the display members of the ARMR image. is not good. On the other hand, a small and lightweight glasses-type display for displaying simple information such as characters and symbols has also been developed.
- An optical element for ARMR image display of a personal display or an augmented reality display in which a projected image from a projector is obtained by utilizing diffraction guide light in which an input coupling grating, an exit pupil enlarging grating, and an output coupling grating are formed on a light guide plate.
- a configuration for displaying in front of the eyes is known (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).
- Lead-free and arsenic-free optical glass having a refractive index nd of 1.91 ⁇ nd ⁇ 2.05 for the d-line is known as an optical glass used for the light guide plate (see, for example, Patent Document 3).
- An object of the present invention is to provide a light guide element with a wide viewing angle and a display device using the same.
- the light guide element has a single-layer light guide substrate and a diffraction layer formed on the light guide substrate,
- the diffraction layer includes a first diffraction grating that in-couples incident light incident on the light guide substrate into the light guide substrate, and out-couples the totally reflected light propagated through the light guide substrate to the outside of the light guide substrate. and a second diffraction grating,
- the first diffraction grating has a wavelength of at least one of a first wavelength included in the 450 nm ⁇ 20 nm band, a second wavelength included in the 530 nm ⁇ 20 nm band, and a third wavelength included in the 630 nm ⁇ 20 nm band.
- the second diffraction grating outcouples the totally reflected light over an angular range of 60° or more including the normal direction at the at least one wavelength.
- a light guide element with a wide viewing angle and a display device using the light guide element are realized.
- FIG. 4 illustrates coupling of incident light to a light guide substrate by an incoupling grating
- FIG. 11 shows total internal reflection guiding light from an incoupling grating to an outcoupling grating
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing light exiting from the outcoupling grating to the outside of the light guide substrate
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing examples of compositions having a refractive index greater than 2.05 at the d-line; It is a figure which shows an example of the display apparatus using the light guide element of embodiment. It is a figure which shows the example of an operation
- FIG. 4 illustrates coupling of incident light to a light guide substrate by an incoupling grating
- FIG. 11 shows total internal reflection guiding light from an incoupling grating to an outcoupling grating
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing light exiting from the outcoupling grating to the outside of the light guide substrate
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing
- FIG. 3 is a diagram of a configuration example of a light guide element using a line-and-space one-dimensional diffraction grating
- FIG. 4 is a diagram of a configuration example of a light guide element using a two-dimensional diffraction grating in which a rectangular grating is a unit grating for an outcoupling grating.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram of a configuration example of a light guide element using a two-dimensional diffraction grating in which a rectangular grating is a unit grating for both the incoupling grating and the outcoupling grating.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram of a configuration example of a light guide element using a two-dimensional diffraction grating in which a rectangular grating is a unit grating for both the incoupling grating and the outcoupling grating.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing grating shapes and optical characteristics of an example and a comparative example; It is a figure which shows an example of the material of a light guide substrate.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a difference in refractive index between a light guide substrate and a diffraction layer in Examples and Comparative Examples;
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing properties of materials used for the diffraction layer; It is a figure explaining NA (Numerical Aperture) diagram and FOV (Field of View: Field of View) design. It is a figure explaining NA diagram and design of FOV. It is a figure explaining NA diagram and design of FOV. It is a figure explaining a diffraction waveguide direction of ⁇ 1st order, and visibility.
- NA Numerical Aperture
- FOV Field of View: Field of View
- FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining the FOV expansion effect by using ⁇ 1st order diffraction; It is a figure explaining the effect of making an incoupling grating
- 4A and 4B are diagrams showing characteristics and diffraction images of RGB guided light in Example 1.
- FIG. 4A and 4B are diagrams showing the characteristics of the G light guide and the diffraction image of Example 1.
- FIG. FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the characteristics and diffraction images of RGB guided light in Example 2;
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the characteristics of the G light guide and the diffraction image of Example 2;
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the characteristics and diffraction images of RGB guided light in Example 3;
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the characteristics of G light guide and diffraction images in Example 3;
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the characteristics and diffraction images of RGB guided light in Example 4;
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the characteristics of G light guide and diffraction images in Example 4;
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration example of the light guide element 10 of the embodiment.
- the light guide element 10 has a single-layer light guide substrate 11 and a diffraction layer 12 formed on the light guide substrate 11 .
- the diffraction layer 12 includes an in-coupling grating 121 that couples the incident light incident on the light guide substrate 11 into the light guide substrate 11 and an out-coupling grating 121 that outputs the totally reflected light propagated through the light guide substrate 11 to the outside of the light guide substrate 11 . and a coupling grid 123 .
- the light guide substrate 11 may be formed with an extension grating that guides the light in-coupled to the light guide substrate 11 to the out-coupling grating 123 .
- the direction of incidence and the direction of emission of light are not limited to the rear surface of the light guide substrate 1 .
- Light incident from the surface on which the diffraction layer 12 is formed can be coupled into the light guide substrate 11, and light can be out-coupled from the surface on which the diffraction layer 12 is formed.
- the diffraction layer 12 may be formed only on one surface of the light guide substrate 11, or may be formed on both surfaces.
- a single-layer light guide substrate 11 is used to transmit light of a first wavelength in the blue wavelength band, light of a second wavelength in the green wavelength band, and third wavelength in the red wavelength band. of light is introduced into the light guide substrate 11 with a high FOV and emitted from the light guide substrate 11 with a high FOV.
- the blue wavelength band is, for example, 450 nm ⁇ 20 nm.
- the green wavelength band is, for example, 530 nm ⁇ 20 nm.
- the red wavelength band is, for example, 630 nm ⁇ 20 nm.
- the first wavelength ( ⁇ 1), the second wavelength ( ⁇ 2), and the third wavelength ( ⁇ 3) 60° or more including the normal direction of the light guide substrate 11, preferably Incident light is incoupled in an angular range of 65° or more, more preferably 70° or more.
- the light is transmitted to the light guide substrate 11 in an angle range of 60° or more, preferably 65° or more, and more preferably 70° or more including the normal line direction of the light guide substrate 11. 11 out-couples.
- the angle between the center of the angle range of the light to be incoupled or the light to be aptcoupled and the normal to the substrate is preferably ⁇ 15° or less, more preferably ⁇ 10° or less, and ⁇ 5° or less. more preferably, and most preferably substantially coincident with the normal of the substrate.
- the incoupling grating 121 also incouples the incident light in a common angle range of 55° or more including the normal direction of the light guide substrate 11 for light of any wavelength of ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, and ⁇ 3. .
- the out-coupling grating 123 out-couples light of any of the wavelengths ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, and ⁇ 3 over a common angular range of 55° or more including the normal direction of the light guide substrate 11 .
- the angle between the center of the angular range of the light to be incoupled or the light to be aptcoupled and the normal to the substrate is preferably ⁇ 15° or less, more preferably ⁇ 10° or less, and ⁇ 5° or less. is more preferable, and most preferably substantially coincides with the normal of the substrate.
- the angular range of incoupling light or outcoupling light comprises at least an angular range of -42.5° to -12.5° or -12.5° to -42.5°; More preferably, it includes an angular range of 37.5° to -17.5° or -17.5° to -37.5° and at least -32.5° to -22.5° or -22.5° to -22.5°. It more preferably includes an angular range of 5° to -32.5°, and most preferably includes an angular range of -27.5° to 27.5°.
- it preferably includes an angular range of at least ⁇ 15°, more preferably includes an angular range of ⁇ 20°, even more preferably includes an angular range of ⁇ 25°, and more preferably includes an angular range of ⁇ 27. Most preferably it includes an angular range of 5°.
- a single-layer light guide substrate 11 guides RGB light to realize a small and lightweight light guide element 10 . If a single-layer light guide substrate 11 is used, the overlapping FOV of each wavelength of RGB becomes the entire FOV.
- a high FOV is achieved by devising the design of the grating 123 .
- both the light guide substrate 11 and the diffraction layer 12 are made of an inorganic material and designed to have a predetermined refractive index. In addition, ⁇ 1st order diffraction is used. The grounds for these configurations and the analysis results will be described later.
- FIG. 2A is a diagram explaining the coupling of the incident light Lin to the light guide substrate 11 by the incoupling grating 121.
- FIG. The plane on which the diffraction layer 12 is formed on the light guide substrate 11 is the xy plane, and the thickness direction of the light guide substrate 11 is the z direction.
- the AA' cross-sectional configuration is shown together with the xy plane configuration. For convenience of illustration, the wavelengths are not distinguished, but the light of each wavelength of RGB is incident on the light guide element 10 .
- the incident light Lin is coupled to the light guide substrate 11 by the incoupling grating 121 as a diffracted wavefront in a predetermined direction, eg, the x direction.
- the direction in which the incident light Lin is coupled to the light guide substrate 11 is not limited to the +x direction. As will be described later, a configuration in which the incident light is propagated in the ⁇ x directions may be employed, or a configuration in which the incident light is propagated in the two-dimensional directions of the x and y directions may be employed.
- the incoupling grating 121 couples both the light incident from the diffraction layer 12 side and the light incident from the rear surface of the light guide substrate 11 to the light guide substrate 11 . Normal incident light from the direction normal to the light guide substrate 11 is also coupled into the light guide substrate 11 . Further, an FOV of 55° or more is realized for all wavelengths of RGB.
- FIG. 2B is a diagram for explaining total internal reflection guiding from the incoupling grating 121 to the outcoupling grating 123.
- FIG. The BB' cross-sectional configuration is shown along with the xy plane configuration.
- the propagation direction of the light in-coupled into the light guide substrate 11 is changed by the expansion grating 122 .
- the extended grid 122 has a line-and-space pattern that runs obliquely with respect to the x-axis or the y-axis. Expansion grating 122 diffracts some light in the -y direction while guiding most of the light in the X direction.
- FIG. 2C is a diagram for explaining the emission of light from the out-coupling grating 123 to the outside.
- the configuration of the CC' cross section is shown together with the configuration of the xy plane.
- the out-coupling grating 123 diffracts and emits part of the light while guiding most of the light by total reflection.
- the out-coupling grating 123 outputs a plurality of diffracted lights to the outside of the light guide substrate 11 while being replicated along the light guide direction. Since the light can be emitted from both the diffraction layer 12 side and the back surface of the light guide substrate 11, the image formed by the emitted light can be viewed from either side.
- the out-coupling grating 123 emits the light that is totally reflected and guided inside the light guide substrate 11 within a predetermined angle range including the normal direction of the light guide substrate 11 .
- out-coupling is realized in an FOV of 60° or more including the normal direction at any one of RGB wavelengths.
- out-coupling is realized in an FOV of 55° or more including the normal direction at all wavelengths of RGB.
- the light guide substrate 11 propagates the in-coupled light to the out-coupling position with total internal reflection.
- the refractive index nd of the light guide substrate 11 for the d-line (wavelength 587.56 nm) is greater than 2.05 (nd>2.05).
- a glass composition having a refractive index nd greater than 2.05 at the d-line includes the composition shown in FIG. 2D. If the refractive index nd is greater than 2.08, it becomes easier to design a higher FOV.
- the internal transmittance is high at ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, and ⁇ 3 in order to outcouple the incident light with minimal loss. Since the transmittance loss due to absorption of short-wavelength light is greater, the internal transmittance per 10 mm thickness of the light guide substrate 11 for light with a wavelength of 450 nm is set to 90% or more, more preferably 95% or more. good.
- the compositions in Table 1 are listed as glass compositions that allow the light guide substrate 11 to have an internal transmittance of 95% or more for light with a wavelength of 450 nm.
- Light guide substrate 11 is, for example, a glass substrate.
- the glass material (1) Bi 2 O 3 --TeO 2 system glass or (2) La 2 O 3 --B 2 O 3 system glass may be used.
- composition we mean units of percent (mole%, weight%, etc.), excluding impurities that are unavoidably mixed in, intentionally added ppm (Parts per Million) unit impurities, additives, etc. ) refers to the assembly of elements or components that are designed to be 100% total.
- the content of Bi 2 O 3 is 20% to 50%, and the content of TeO 2 is 100% in terms of mol % based on oxides. is 10% to 35%.
- Bi 2 O 3 is a component that is preferably contained in order to obtain a high refractive index glass with high visible light transmittance. More preferred.
- the upper limit is preferably 45% or less, more preferably 40% or less, and more preferably 35% or less.
- TeO 2 is a glass-forming component, and may be contained in the glass since it can provide a glass with a high visible light transmission and a high refractive index.
- the content of TeO 2 is preferably 10% or more, more preferably more than 20%, more preferably 25% or more. However, if the TeO 2 content is excessive, the glass becomes unstable, so the content is preferably 35% or less, more preferably 30% or less.
- B 2 O 3 is a glass-forming component and is preferably contained in order to stabilize the glass.
- a lower limit 10% or more is preferable, and 12% or more is more preferable.
- the upper limit is preferably 40% or less, more preferably 35% or less, more preferably 30% or less, and more preferably 25% or less.
- P2O5 is an optional component.
- P 2 O 5 is a glass-forming component and is preferably contained in order to stabilize the glass.
- the lower limit is preferably 0% or more, and the upper limit is preferably 20% or less, more preferably 15% or less.
- the lower limit of the sum of the contents of B 2 O 3 and P 2 O 5 is preferably 10% or more, more preferably 20% or more.
- the upper limit is preferably 45% or less, more preferably 40% or less, and even more preferably 35% or less.
- Nb 2 O 5 , TiO 2 , Ta 2 O 5 and WO 3 are components that are preferably contained in order to increase the refractive index of the glass. Including Bi 2 O 3 and TeO 2 , these are components that can also be used as the diffraction layer 12 described below. By increasing the ratio of these components, a structure having a refractive index dispersion relationship close to that of the diffraction layer 12 can be achieved.
- the ratio of Bi 2 O 3 —TeO 2 —Nb 2 O 5 —TiO 2 —Ta 2 O 5 —WO 3 is preferably high, preferably 55% or more, more preferably more than 60%.
- the La 2 O 3 -B 2 O 3 -based glass has a La 2 O 3 content of 10% to 40% and a B 2 O A glass containing 10% to 35% of 3 can be exemplified.
- La 2 O 3 is excellent in the function of increasing the refractive index and reducing the dispersion while maintaining the stability of the glass, is a component with high visible light transmittance, and can obtain a high refractive index glass with high visible light transmittance. . Therefore, although La 2 O 3 may be contained in the glass, if the content is too high, the devitrification resistance is lowered.
- the lower limit is preferably 10% or more, more preferably 20% or more.
- the upper limit is preferably 40% or less, more preferably 30% or less, and even more preferably 25% or less.
- B 2 O 3 is a glass-forming component and is preferably contained in order to stabilize the glass.
- a lower limit 10% or more is preferable, and 12% or more is more preferable.
- the upper limit is preferably 40% or less, more preferably 35% or less, more preferably 30% or less, and more preferably 25% or less.
- SiO2 is an optional component.
- SiO 2 is a glass-forming component and may be contained in order to stabilize the glass, but if the content is too high, it becomes difficult to increase the refractive index.
- a lower limit 0% or more is preferable, 5% or more is more preferable, and 10% or more is more preferable.
- the upper limit is preferably 30% or less, more preferably 20% or less, and more preferably 15% or less.
- TiO 2 may be contained in the glass because it has an excellent function of increasing the refractive index while maintaining the stability of the glass.
- a lower limit 10% or more is preferable, 20% or more is more preferable, and 25% or more is more preferable.
- the upper limit is preferably 40% or less, more preferably 35% or less.
- ZrO2 is an optional component. ZrO 2 may be contained in the glass because it has an excellent effect of increasing the refractive index while maintaining the stability of the glass. As a lower limit, 0% or more is preferable, and 5% or more is more preferable. The upper limit is preferably 15% or less, more preferably 10% or less.
- Gd 2 O 3 , Nb 2 O 5 , Ta 2 O 5 and WO 3 are components that are preferably contained in order to increase the refractive index of the glass. Including La 2 O 3 and TiO 2 , these are components that can also be used as the diffraction layer 12 described below. By increasing the ratio of these components, a structure having a refractive index dispersion relationship close to that of the diffraction layer 12 can be achieved.
- the ratio of La 2 O 3 —TiO 2 —Gd 2 O 3 —Nb 2 O 5 —Ta 2 O 5 —WO 3 should be high, preferably 55% or more, more preferably more than 60%.
- ZrO 2 may be included, and the ratio of La 2 O 3 —TiO 2 —Gd 2 O 3 —Nb 2 O 5 —Ta 2 O 5 —WO 3 —ZrO 2 is preferably 55% or more, and 60%. % or more is more preferable.
- the light guide substrate 11 may be a single crystal substrate.
- a single crystal refers to a crystal in which the orientation of atoms or molecules is the same in any part of the crystal.
- the light guide substrate 11 may be an isotropic single crystal substrate whose optical properties do not depend on the direction, or may be a uniaxial single crystal substrate whose crystal axis is oriented in a predetermined direction. In the case of a uniaxial substrate, it is desirable that the optical axis of the light guide substrate 11 is within ⁇ 4°, preferably within ⁇ 0.4°, with respect to the normal.
- dislocation defects may occur in the crystal.
- a dislocation defect having a diameter exceeding 1 ⁇ m called a micropipe
- a micropipe often has a refractive index modulation near the defect. Even if the size of the defect does not affect the appearance of the light guide element, if such a defect occurs within the range where the light is guided, the image displayed from the light guide element will be affected by the modulation of the refractive index. It is preferable that such defects are not present in the light guide element, as this leads to a reduction in the resolution of the image.
- the defect density of micropipes is preferably 10/cm 2 , preferably 1/cm 2 , and more preferably 0.1/cm 2 .
- Substrates such as TiO 2 , SrTiO 3 , KTaO 3 , LiNbO 3 , SiN, SiC, and diamond can be used as the single crystal light guide substrate 11 .
- FIG. 3 shows an example of a display device 100 using the light guide element 10 of the embodiment.
- the display device 100 is ARMR goggles in this example.
- the light guide element 10 is used as eyepieces for right and left eyes.
- the display device 100 has a light guide element 10 and a projector 110 .
- a projector 110 is provided for each of the light guide element 10 for the right eye and the light guide element 10 for the left eye, and the light guide element 10 and the projector 110 are held by a wearable support 120 .
- the light guide element 10 is formed of a single-layer light guide substrate 11, and the display device 100 as a whole is small and lightweight.
- FIG. 4 shows an operation example of the light guide element 10 used in the display device 100.
- FIG. An image projected from the projector 110 is diffracted into the light guide substrate 11 by the incoupling grating 121 .
- the incoupling grating 121 diffracts the RGB light into the light guide substrate 11 with a FOV of 55° or more including the vertically incident light.
- the incoupled RGB light propagates while being totally reflected inside the light guide substrate 11, is diffracted by the out-coupling grating 123, and is emitted from the light guide substrate 11 with an FOV of 55° or more.
- This optical image enters the human eye 20 and is recognized as a color image.
- the thickness of the light guide substrate 11 is, for example, 1 mm or less.
- the in-coupling grating 121 and the out-coupling grating 123 are, for example, made of a thin film of an inorganic material with a thickness of 100 to 1000 nm, and have a diffraction grating pattern formed with a predetermined pitch. If the extended grating 122 is used in conjunction with the incoupling grating 121 and the outcoupling grating 123, the extended grating 122 is also formed of the same thin film.
- the pitch of the diffraction grating is, for example, 300-500 nm.
- a diffraction grating may be formed directly on the surface of the light guide substrate 11 .
- the surface region where the diffraction grating is formed becomes the diffraction layer 12 .
- the incoupling grating 121 realizes an FOV of 60° or more, preferably 65° or more, and more preferably 70° or more for any wavelength among RGB.
- the incoupling grating 121 achieves an FOV of 55° or more for any of the RGB wavelengths.
- the out-coupling grating 123 achieves an FOV of 60° or more, preferably 65° or more, more preferably 70° or more for any wavelength among RGB.
- the out-coupling grating 123 achieves an FOV of 55° or more for any of the RGB wavelengths.
- the display device 100 using the light guide element 10 may be configured to display a color image in a range up to FOV 55°, and to present simple information or display a single color in a region exceeding FOV 55°. For example, at the edge of the field of view, simple information such as letters, symbols, etc., icons, toolbars, etc. may be displayed.
- a cover that covers at least one of the diffraction layer 12 and the back surface of the light guide substrate 11 may be provided. In that case, the cover may be part of the light guide element 10 and held by the support 120 of FIG. When a cover is used, it is desirable to use a cover that is highly transparent to visible light and that does not affect the light image emitted from the out-coupling grating 123 .
- the material of the cover may be glass or plastic.
- FIG. 5 shows a configuration example in which both the in-coupling grating 121a and the out-coupling grating 123a have line-and-space patterns that are one-dimensional diffraction gratings.
- FIG. 5A shows an example in which the incoupling is uniaxial diffraction, and in this example, diffraction in the +x direction is used. As explained with reference to FIGS.
- the RGB light diffracted in the +x direction by the incoupling grating 121a is redirected in the ⁇ y direction by the expansion grating 122 and is oriented more than 55° from the outcoupling grating 123. It is emitted in the FOV. Focusing on one wavelength of the RGB light, the light is emitted with an FOV of 60° or more, preferably 65° or more, more preferably 70° or more.
- the incoupling utilizes uniaxial diffraction in the plus and minus directions, in this example, diffraction in the ⁇ x directions.
- the incoupling grating 121a splits the incident light into two diffracted wavefronts and diffracts them in the +x direction and the ⁇ x direction.
- Each of the diffracted lights in the +x direction and the -x direction is redirected by the expansion grating 122 and out-coupled by the out-coupling grating 123 .
- the FOV of the emitted light is 55° or more for all wavelengths of RGB. Focusing on any one wavelength, the output FOV is 60° or more, preferably 65° or more, more preferably 70° or more.
- FIG. 6 shows an example in which a line & space pattern, which is a one-dimensional diffraction grating, is used for the incoupling grating 121a, a two-dimensional diffraction grating is used for the outcoupling grating 123b, and a rectangular unit grating is used.
- FIGS. 6A and 6B are the same as FIGS. 5A and 5B, except that the unit cell of outcoupling grating 123b is a rectangular grating.
- vignetting can be suppressed as described later.
- “Vignetting” means that part of the field of view to be displayed in the input image is missing due to local light or brightness reduction. It refers to a phenomenon that occurs when light cannot be guided through total reflection.
- FIG. 6 shows a design without the extended grating 122 .
- the line & space pattern of the incoupling grating 121a extends along the x-direction.
- This incoupling grating 121a diffracts incident light in the ⁇ y directions, and in this example utilizes diffraction in the -y direction.
- the light in-coupled into the light guide substrate 11 propagates in the -y direction while being totally reflected inside the light guide substrate 11, and is emitted to the outside of the light guide substrate 11 by the out-coupling grating 123b.
- the out-coupling grating 123b is formed of a two-dimensional diffraction grating having a rectangular grating as a unit grating to two-dimensionally diffract the propagating light.
- FIG. 7 shows an example in which rectangular lattices are used as unit lattices for both the incoupling lattice 121b and the outcoupling lattice 123b.
- 7A, 7B, and 7C are identical to those of FIGS. 6A, 6B, and 6C, except that the unit cell of the incoupling grating 121b is a rectangular grating. is the same as
- the FOV for RGB waveguides can be expanded.
- FIG. 7 shows a design in which the incoupling grating 121b and the outcoupling grating 123b partially overlap.
- a portion of the rectangular grid pattern of outcoupling grid 123b also functions as incoupling grid 121b.
- the in-coupling grid 121b is an area in which each of the RGB colors from the projector 110 (see FIG. 3) can be in-coupled with an FOV of 55° or more.
- the light guide element 10 may adopt any grating design of FIGS. Regardless of which pattern is used, it is desirable that the refractive index of the diffraction layer 12 is the same as or higher than the refractive index of the light guide substrate 11 . As will be described later, the difference between the refractive index of the diffraction layer 12 and the refractive index of the light guide substrate 11 is preferably 0.1 or less for each wavelength of RGB.
- the diffraction layer 12 including the in - coupling grating 121 and the out - coupling grating 123 is made of, for example, ZrO2, HfO2 , Ta2O5 , Nb2O5 , TeO2 , MoO3 , WO3 , TiO2 , SiN, SiON, SnO, ITO, Al 2 O 3 , Y 2 O 3 , AlN, MgO, or a mixture of two or more of these.
- the diffraction layer 12 may be made of a glass material containing three or more inorganic elements.
- the diffraction layer 12 can be formed on the surface of the light guide substrate 11 by vapor deposition, sputtering, or the like.
- a desired pattern such as a line & space pattern or a rectangular lattice pattern is formed in the diffraction layer 12 by etching to form an incoupling grating 121, an extended grating 122, and an outcoupling grating 123.
- FIG. 1 A desired pattern such as a line & space pattern or a rectangular lattice pattern is formed in the diffraction layer 12 by etching to form an incoupling grating 121, an extended grating 122, and an outcoupling grating 123.
- the diffraction layer 12 When the diffraction layer 12 is formed of a mixture of two or more materials, co-sputtering may be used to form a film having refractive index dispersion, that is, the wavelength dependence of the refractive index, matching that of the light guide substrate 11. .
- the diffraction layer 12 may be formed by etching or may be formed by lift-off.
- a diffraction grating may be engraved directly on a glass substrate, a single crystal substrate, or the like.
- the light guide substrate 11 and the diffraction layer 12 can be formed integrally with a high refractive index material.
- the light guide substrate 11 When applying the light guide element 10 to the display device 100 of FIG. 3, the light guide substrate 11 is processed to have a size, thickness and shape suitable for the eyepiece. Since the single-layer light guide substrate 11 can guide RGB light with a high FOV, it is thin and lightweight when used as an eyepiece.
- FIG. 8 shows grating shapes and optical characteristics of the example and the comparative example.
- the lattice shape includes the type of lattice pattern and the lattice pitches in the x and y directions.
- optical properties specific wavelengths of ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, and ⁇ 3, the refractive index of the light guide substrate 11 at ⁇ 3, the aspect ratio of the input image in the x direction and the y direction, and the diagonal FOV are shown.
- the relationship between the tangent of the diagonal FOV, the tangent of the horizontal FOV, and the tangent of the vertical FOV is represented by the diagonal of the aspect ratio of the projected image and the relationship between the x direction and the y direction.
- ⁇ 1 is 450 nm
- ⁇ 2 is 532 nm
- ⁇ 3 is 633 nm.
- the aspect ratio of the input image is 16:9.
- the diffraction layer 12 is formed of an inorganic film having a higher refractive index than the light guide substrate 11 at ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, and ⁇ 3, or a grating is formed directly on the light guide substrate 11 . In these cases, it is not necessary to consider the refractive index of the diffractive layer 12 in the discussion of the viewing angle, because whether or not the light can be guided through total reflection depends on the refractive index of the light guide substrate 11 .
- the incoupling grating 121 uses a line & space (denoted as "L&S" in FIG. 8) pattern
- the outcoupling grating 123 uses a two-dimensional diffraction grating with a rectangular unit grating.
- the grating pitch in the x direction of the incoupling grating 121 is 310 nm.
- the outcoupling grating 123 has a pitch of 310 nm in the x direction and a pitch of 355 nm in the y direction.
- a Bi 2 O 3 -B 2 O 3 -TeO 2 -P 2 O 5 -Nb 2 O 5 -ZnO glass substrate is used as the light guide substrate 11.
- a specific composition (mol%) is as follows.
- B2O3 26.5 TeO2 : 18.5
- P2O5 10.5 Nb2O5 : 1.6 ZnO : 5.3
- the refractive index at ⁇ 3 of the light guide substrate 11 of Example 1 is 2.08. Since the shorter the wavelength, the higher the refractive index that a wave feels, the refractive index at the d-line (wavelength 587.56 nm) is greater than 2.08.
- the diagonal FOV at ⁇ 2 of Example 1 is greater than 70°, and the guided maximum FOV at ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, and ⁇ 3 are all greater than 55°.
- two-dimensional diffraction gratings with rectangular unit gratings are used for both the incoupling grating 121 and the outcoupling grating 123, and diffraction in the ⁇ first-order directions is used.
- Each of the incoupling grating 121 and the outcoupling grating 123 has a grating pitch of 310 nm in the x direction and a pitch of 355 nm in the y direction.
- a Bi 2 O 3 --B 2 O 3 --TeO 2 --P 2 O 5 --Nb 2 O 5 --ZnO glass substrate having the same composition as in Example 1 is used.
- the refractive index of the light guide substrate 11 at ⁇ 3 is 2.08.
- the diagonal FOV at ⁇ 2 of Example 2 is greater than 70°, and the guided maximum FOV at ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, and ⁇ 3 are all greater than 55°.
- Example 3 line & space patterns are used for both the incoupling grating 121 and the outcoupling grating 123 .
- the pitch of the incoupling gratings 121 in the x-direction is 270 nm, and the pitch of the out-coupling gratings 123 in the y-direction is 300 nm.
- a SiC single crystal substrate is used as the light guide substrate 11 .
- the refractive index at ⁇ 3 of this SiC substrate is 2.63.
- the diagonal FOV at ⁇ 2 of Example 3 is greater than 100°, and the guided maximum FOV at ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, and ⁇ 3 are all greater than 65°.
- Example 4 two-dimensional diffraction gratings with rectangular unit gratings are used for both the incoupling grating 121 and the outcoupling grating 123 .
- the pitch in the x direction of the incoupling grating 121 is 270 nm, and the pitch in the y direction is 310 nm.
- the outcoupling grating 123 has a pitch of 300 nm in the x direction and a pitch of 310 nm in the y direction.
- a SiC single crystal substrate is used as in the third embodiment.
- the refractive index at ⁇ 3 of the SiC substrate is 2.63.
- the diagonal FOV at ⁇ 2 of Example 4 is greater than 110°, and the guided maximum FOV at ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, and ⁇ 3 are all greater than 85°.
- a high FOV can be realized by using the light guide substrate 11 with a high refractive index and using two-dimensional diffraction gratings with rectangular unit gratings for the in-coupling grating 121 and the out-coupling grating 123 .
- Comparative Example 1 the same light guide substrate 11 (refractive index at ⁇ 3: 2.08) as in Examples 1 and 2 is used. A two-dimensional diffraction grating is used. The grating pitches in the x and y directions are 310 nm for each of the incoupling grating 121 and the outcoupling grating 123 . In this case as well, diffraction in the ⁇ first order directions is used. In Comparative Example 1, the diagonal FOV at ⁇ 2 is less than 70° and the maximum guided FOV at ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, and ⁇ 3 are all less than 55°.
- the two-dimensional diffraction grating with the square lattice as the unit lattice is used for the input image with the aspect ratio of 16:9. , compared to Examples 1-3, the diagonal FOV is smaller.
- the refractive index at ⁇ 3 of the optical glass substrate of Comparative Example 2 is 1.99, and the refractive index nd for the d-line is in the range of 1.91 ⁇ nd ⁇ 2.05.
- Both the in-coupling grating 121 and the out-coupling grating 123 use two-dimensional diffraction gratings with rectangular unit gratings, and utilize diffraction in the ⁇ 1st order directions.
- the incoupling grating 121 has a pitch of 310 nm in the x direction and a pitch of 360 nm in the y direction.
- the outcoupling grating 123 has a pitch of 310 nm in the x direction and a pitch of 370 nm in the y direction.
- the diagonal FOV at ⁇ 2 exceeds 70°, but the maximum guided FOV at ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, and ⁇ 3 are all less than 55°.
- Rectangular gratings are used for the in-coupling grating 121 and the out-coupling grating 123, and diffraction in the ⁇ first-order directions is used. High FOV cannot be achieved.
- Comparative Example 3 In Comparative Example 3, the same optical glass substrate as in Comparative Example 2 is used. The refractive index at ⁇ 3 of the optical glass substrate is 1.99, and the refractive index nd for the d-line is 1.91 to 2.05 (1.91 ⁇ nd ⁇ 2.05). In Comparative Example 3, line and space patterns are used for both the incoupling grating 121 and the outcoupling grating 123 . The pitch of the incoupling gratings 121 in the x-direction is 360 nm, and the pitch of the out-coupling gratings 123 in the y-direction is 360 nm.
- the diagonal FOV at ⁇ 2 is less than 60° and the maximum guided FOV at ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, and ⁇ 3 are all less than 35°.
- the refractive index nd of the light guide substrate for the d-line is greater than 2.05.
- FIG. 9 shows an example of a crystal material used for the light guide substrate 11.
- a single crystal substrate is used for the light guide substrate 11
- TiO2 , SrTiO3 , KTaO3 , LiNbO3 , SiC, diamond, etc. can be used.
- the presence or absence of optical anisotropy, the ordinary refractive index no at the d-line, the extraordinary refractive index ne at the d-line, the specific gravity (g/cm 3 ), the Mohs hardness, and the absorption edge wavelength are shown.
- SrTiO 3 , KTaO 3 and diamond are optically isotropic.
- TiO 2 , LiNbO 3 , and SiC are uniaxial and show birefringence, but the direction of the optical axis with respect to the normal is within ⁇ 4°, and double images due to birefringence occur when viewing a transmitted real image. The loss of resolution due to does not significantly affect the FOV. All crystals have an absorption edge in the ultraviolet region and transmit visible light.
- FIG. 10 shows the refractive index difference between the light guide substrate and the diffraction layer of the example and the comparative example.
- the refractive index of the light guide substrate 11, the refractive index of the diffraction layer 12, and the refractive index difference between the light guide substrate 11 and the diffraction layer 12 are shown at wavelengths of 450 nm ( ⁇ 1), 532 nm ( ⁇ 2), and 633 nm ( ⁇ 3).
- the refractive index at each wavelength is calculated from the refractive index nd at the d-line and the Abbe number ⁇ d at the d-line, assuming normal dispersion.
- Ta 2 O 5 is used for the diffraction layer 12 .
- the light guide substrate 11 is the Bi 2 O 3 --B 2 O 3 --TeO 2 --P 2 O 5 --Nb 2 O 5 --ZnO glass substrate used in the first and second embodiments.
- the refractive index of the diffraction layer 12 is higher than that of the light guide substrate 11 at each wavelength.
- the refractive index difference is 0.08 at a wavelength of 450 nm, 0.04 at a wavelength of 532 nm, and 0.02 at a wavelength of 633 nm, all of which are 0.1 or less.
- Example 6 ZrO 2 is used for the diffraction layer 12 .
- the light guide substrate 11 is the Bi 2 O 3 --B 2 O 3 --TeO 2 --P 2 O 5 --Nb 2 O 5 --ZnO glass substrate used in the first and second embodiments.
- the refractive index of the diffraction layer 12 is higher than that of the light guide substrate 11 at each wavelength.
- the refractive index difference is 0.05 at a wavelength of 450 nm, 0.06 at a wavelength of 532 nm, and 0.08 at a wavelength of 633 nm, all of which are 0.1 or less.
- the light guide substrate 11 is a Bi 2 O 3 --TiO 2 --Nb 2 O 5 --WO 3 --B 2 O 3 --P 2 O 5 --SiO 2 --BaO substrate.
- a specific composition (mol %) of the light guide substrate 11 is as follows.
- the refractive index difference is 0.05 at a wavelength of 450 nm, 0.02 at a wavelength of 532 nm, and 0.01 at a wavelength of 633 nm, all of which are 0.1 or less.
- Example 8 ZrO 2 is used for the diffraction layer 12 .
- the light guide substrate 11 is the Bi 2 O 3 --TiO 2 --Nb 2 O 5 --WO 3 --B 2 O 3 --P 2 O 5 --SiO 2 --BaO substrate used in Example 7, and has the same composition. be.
- the refractive index of the diffraction layer 12 is higher than that of the light guide substrate 11 at each wavelength.
- the refractive index difference is 0.02 at a wavelength of 450 nm, 0.04 at a wavelength of 532 nm, and 0.06 at a wavelength of 633 nm, all of which are 0.1 or less.
- Example 9 TiO 5 is used for the diffraction layer 12 and a single crystal substrate of LiNbO 3 is used for the light guide substrate 11 .
- the refractive index of the diffraction layer 12 is higher than that of the light guide substrate 11 at each wavelength.
- the refractive index difference is 0.07 at a wavelength of 450 nm, 0.03 at a wavelength of 532 nm, and 0.01 at a wavelength of 633 nm, all of which are 0.1 or less.
- Nb 2 O 5 is used for the diffraction layer 12 .
- the light guide substrate 11 is the same LiNbO 3 single crystal substrate as in the ninth embodiment.
- the refractive index of the diffraction layer 12 is higher than that of the light guide substrate 11 at each wavelength.
- the refractive index difference is 0.07 at a wavelength of 450 nm, 0.05 at a wavelength of 532 nm, and 0.03 at a wavelength of 633 nm, all of which are 0.1 or less.
- Comparative Example 4 In Comparative Example 4, Ta 2 O 5 is used for the diffraction layer 12 .
- the light guide substrate 11 is the lead-free and arsenic-free optical glass substrate of Patent Document 3 used in Comparative Examples 2 and 3.
- FIG. In this combination, the diffraction layer 12 has a high refractive index, but the light guide substrate 11 has a refractive index of 2.05 or less at each wavelength, resulting in a large refractive index difference.
- the refractive index difference is 0.18 at a wavelength of 450 nm, 0.14 at a wavelength of 532 nm, and 0.11 at a wavelength of 633 nm, all exceeding 0.1.
- Comparative Example 5 ZrO 2 is used for the diffraction layer 12 .
- the light guide substrate 11 is the lead-free and arsenic-free optical glass substrate of Patent Document 3.
- the refractive index of the diffraction layer 12 is high, but the refractive index of the light guide substrate 11 for each wavelength is 2.05 or less, resulting in a large refractive index difference.
- the refractive index difference is 0.15 at a wavelength of 450 nm, 0.16 at a wavelength of 532 nm, and 0.16 at a wavelength of 633 nm, all exceeding 0.1.
- the difference between the refractive index of the diffraction layer 12 and the refractive index of the light guide substrate 11 be 0.1 or less ( ⁇ n ⁇ 0.1) at each wavelength of ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, and ⁇ 3.
- ⁇ n is preferably smaller than 0.1 because the influence of interfacial reflection increases at the wavelength of ⁇ 3, which is guided by total reflection in the light guide substrate 11 at a large angle of reflection.
- ⁇ n is more preferably less than 0.05, and even more preferably less than 0.03. If ⁇ n ⁇ 1, ⁇ n ⁇ 2, and ⁇ n ⁇ 3 are the refractive index differences of ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, and ⁇ 3, respectively, the influence of interface reflection can be easily reduced at all wavelengths when ⁇ n ⁇ 1 ⁇ n ⁇ 2 ⁇ n ⁇ 3. In addition, even when the refractive index of the diffraction layer 12 is lower than the refractive index of the light guide substrate 11 at ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2, it is often possible to completely reflect and guide the desired FOV. A combination of materials may be selected such that the light guide substrate 11 and the diffraction layer 12 have the same refractive index at a wavelength shorter than ⁇ 3 and with a low dispersion.
- FIG. 11 shows the properties of the material used for the diffractive layer 12.
- the refractive index of the diffraction layer 12 is made greater than or equal to the refractive index of the light guide substrate 11 in order to outcouple light to the outside of the light guide substrate 11 .
- materials for the diffraction layer 12 include ZrO 2 , Ta 2 O 5 , Nb 2 O 5 , TeO 2 , MoO 3 , TiO 2 and WO 3 .
- high refractive index materials such as HfO 2 , SiN, SiON, SnO, ITO, Al 2 O 3 , Y 2 O 3 , AlN, and MgO can also be used depending on the material of the light guide substrate 11. .
- the refractive index at each wavelength is calculated from the refractive index nd at the d-line and the Abbe number ⁇ d at the d-line, as in FIG. Chromatic aberration is reduced as the Abbe number increases.
- any material has a refractive index nd greater than 2.10.
- the material of the diffraction layer 12 can be selected according to the refractive index of the light guide substrate 11 .
- FIG. 12A is an NA diagram in which the horizontal axis is the numerical aperture NAx in the x direction and the vertical axis is the numerical aperture NAy in the y direction.
- a donut-shaped region between the inner circle and the outer circle is a region where light can propagate in the light guide substrate 11 by total reflection.
- the inner circle represents the NA at the critical angle and the outer circle represents the NA at the maximum propagation angle.
- FIG. 12 shows the state of propagation within the light guide substrate 11 .
- the numerical aperture NA is represented by n ⁇ sin ⁇ .
- ⁇ prop be the angle of incidence of the light propagating through total reflection on the interface.
- ⁇ c be the critical angle at which total reflection begins to occur at the interface.
- the radius of the outer circle is determined by the refractive index n of the light guide substrate 11 . Therefore, the more the light guide substrate 11 with a higher refractive index is used, the wider the outer circle and the wider the angular range in which total reflection can be guided.
- the black circle in the center of the NA diagram is the numerical aperture NA (or incident angle) of light incident on the incoupling grating 121 .
- the white circle at the end point of the arrow extending rightward from the black circle represents the NA of the light emitted from the out-coupling grating 123 .
- Arrows between black and white circles indicate diffraction-varying NA.
- the right side of the normal line drawn from the diffraction layer 12 is positive NA, and the left side is negative NA.
- the angular region between positive NA and negative NA is the FOV.
- the FOV is 55° or more with respect to any of ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, and ⁇ 3.
- ⁇ be the pitch of the diffraction grating
- ⁇ be the wavelength
- m be the diffraction order.
- nin ⁇ sin ⁇ in + m ⁇ / ⁇ nout ⁇ sin ⁇ out It becomes a relationship.
- FIG. 14 shows a design that aligns the incident FOV and the exit FOV.
- the rectangle in the center of the NA diagram of FIG. 14A is the NA area corresponding to the incident FOV.
- the horizontal sides of the rectangle correspond to the FOV in the x direction (FOVx), and the vertical sides correspond to the FOV in the y direction (FOVy).
- FOVx FOV in the x direction
- FOVy FOV in the y direction
- the image of the rectangular field of view has a barrel shape inscribed in the rectangle on the NA diagram.
- the diagonal FOV corresponds to the FOV at the diagonal corners of this rectangle.
- the light incident on this FOV is guided while being diffracted several times so as to fill the doughnut-shaped total reflection propagation region T, and is returned to its original position.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram for explaining the ⁇ 1st-order diffraction waveguide directions and visibility.
- FIG. 14 when the incident FOV and the exit FOV are aligned, in FIG. do.
- the totally reflected propagated light is emitted by the outcoupling grating 23 at the same angle as the incident angle, the light is emitted in the direction of the user's eye 20 .
- light with an incident angle corresponding to the FOV on the minus (negative) side is incoupled in the direction opposite to the traveling direction. Due to the out-coupling grating, light emitted at the same angle as the incident angle is directed towards the user's eye 20 for better image visibility.
- FIG. 16 explains the effect of expanding the FOV by using diffraction in the ⁇ 1st order directions.
- This example takes diffraction in the +x and -x directions.
- the FOV on the positive side is indicated by a thick line and the FOV on the negative side is indicated by a thin line.
- the solid line is the FOV of the R light
- the dashed line is the FOV of the G light
- the dotted line is the FOV of the B light.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram for explaining the effect of using a two-dimensional diffraction grating with a rectangular grating as a unit grating for the incoupling grating.
- FIG. 17A if the line-and-space one-dimensional pattern incoupling grating 121a is used, the light of the plus side FOV diffracted to the left side of the figure is guided to the left side of the outcoupling grating 123b. The light of the negative FOV diffracted to the right side of the figure is guided to the right side of the coupling grating 123b.
- the out-coupling grating 123b is a two-dimensional diffraction grating having a rectangular unit grating
- the light heading for the center of the outcoupling grating 123b may not be incoupling at the incoupling grating 121a, which may result in insufficient light guidance at the central portion of the outcoupling grating 123b.
- FIG. 17B by using a two-dimensional diffraction grating incoupling grating 121b such as a rectangular grating as a unit grating, light is diffracted and guided from the incoupling grating 121b toward the outcoupling grating 123b.
- the entire FOV including the side FOV and the minus side FOV is guided through the central portion of the light guide substrate.
- the light amount of the light image emitted from the out-coupling grating 123b is made uniform, and the visibility is improved.
- FIG. 18A is a diagram explaining the effect of using a two-dimensional diffraction grating with a rectangular unit grating.
- the grating pitch in the x direction is 310 nm and the grating pitch in the y direction is 355 nm.
- the right side is the plus side FOV and the left side is the minus side FOV.
- the positive FOV is on the left side of the NA diagram, where all of the RGB propagate within the total internal reflection propagation region T.
- the negative FOV is on the right side of the NA diagram, where all of the RGB propagate within the total internal reflection propagation region T.
- FIG. 18B and 18C show FOV light guidance when using a two-dimensional diffraction grating with a square lattice as the unit lattice.
- the grating pitch in the x and y directions is 310 nm
- the grating pitch in the x and y directions is 355 nm.
- the R light is not fully reflected and guided above and below the NA diagram in the y direction, and vignetting (V) occurs.
- FIG. 18C in the x direction of the NA diagram, the B light is not fully reflected and guided in both the plus side FOV and the minus side FOV, and vignetting (V) occurs.
- vignetting can be suppressed and the quality of a color image can be maintained.
- the out-coupling grating is a two-dimensional diffraction grating with a rectangular grating as a unit grating, where n_ ⁇ 3 is the refractive index at ⁇ 3 of the light guide substrate 11, and the x-direction and y-direction are respectively.
- the pitches ⁇ x and ⁇ y of are rectangular gratings that satisfy the following equations, it is possible to design an optical element with a FOV of 55° or more in RGB and good visibility.
- Example 1> 19A shows the RGB guided light characteristics and diffraction images of Example 1
- FIG. 19B shows the G light guided characteristics and diffraction images of Example 1.
- FIG. The type and pitch of the diffraction grating in Example 1 and the refractive index of the light guide substrate 11 at each wavelength are as shown in FIG.
- the diagonal FOV of the incident light is 55°
- the field of view is 0.5
- the aspect ratio of the incident image is 16:9.
- the half angle in the x direction is 24.4° and the half angle in the y direction is 14.3°.
- the NA diagram of FIG. 19A shows a diffraction image when RGB light is vertically incident on the incoupling grating 121 (labeled as “first grating” in the drawing) and the outcoupling grating 123 (labeled as “second grating” in the drawing). Notation) is a diffraction image when RGB light is vertically incident.
- the first grating is a one-dimensional diffraction grating with a line and space pattern
- the second grating is a two-dimensional diffraction grating with a rectangular unit grating.
- the grating pitches of the in-coupling grating 121 and the out-coupling grating 123 are set to pitches that realize the diffraction shown in this NA diagram. With this grating design, it is possible to reproduce RGB images with a diagonal FOV of 55° and no vignetting using a single-layer light guide substrate 11 .
- the diagonal FOV of incident light is 70°
- the field of view is 0.7
- the aspect ratio of the incident image is 16:9.
- the half angle in the x direction is 31.4° and the half angle in the y direction is 18.9°.
- the NA diagram of FIG. 19B shows a diffraction image when G light is vertically incident on the incoupling grating 121 (labeled as “first grating” in the drawing) and an outcoupling grating 123 (labeled as “second grating” in the drawing). ) is a diffraction image when G light is vertically incident on the substrate.
- the diffraction image of the line-and-space first grating all the plus side FOV is diffracted into the left total reflection propagation area (thick dashed line square), and all the minus side FOV is diffracted into the right side total reflection propagation area. (Thin dash-dotted rectangle).
- the G light is diffracted into the total reflection propagation region in the ⁇ x and ⁇ y directions.
- the single-layer light guide substrate 11 can be used to expand the FOV with G light.
- R light or B light is perpendicularly incident on the second grating with a diagonal FOV of 70°, it is not always possible to achieve total internal reflection in both the ⁇ x and ⁇ y directions.
- Example 2> 20A shows the characteristics and diffraction images of the RGB guided light in Example 2
- FIG. 20B shows the characteristics and diffraction images of the G guided light in Example 2.
- FIG. The type and pitch of the diffraction grating in Example 2 and the refractive index of the light guide substrate 11 at each wavelength are as shown in FIG.
- the diagonal FOV of incident light is 55°
- the field of view is 0.5
- the aspect ratio of the incident image is 16:9.
- the half angle in the x direction is 24.4° and the half angle in the y direction is 14.3°.
- the NA diagram of FIG. 20A shows a diffraction image when RGB light is vertically incident on the incoupling grating 121 (labeled “first grating” in the drawing) and the outcoupling grating 123 (labeled “second grating” in the drawing). Notation) is a diffraction image when RGB light is vertically incident. Both the first grating and the second grating are two-dimensional diffraction gratings having rectangular unit gratings.
- the diagonal FOV of incident light is 70°
- the field of view is 0.7
- the aspect ratio of the incident image is 16:9.
- the half angle in the x direction is 31.4° and the half angle in the y direction is 18.9°.
- the NA diagram of FIG. 20B shows a diffraction image when G light is vertically incident on the incoupling grating 121 (labeled as “first grating” in the drawing) and an outcoupling grating 123 (labeled as “second grating” in the drawing). ) is a diffraction image when G light is vertically incident on the substrate.
- the unit grating is a diffraction image of the first grating having a rectangular grating, and G is diffracted into the total reflection propagation region in each of the ⁇ x and ⁇ y directions.
- the G light is diffracted into the total reflection propagation area in the ⁇ x and ⁇ y directions.
- a single-layer light guide substrate 11 can be used to expand the FOV for G light.
- R light or B light is perpendicularly incident on the second grating with a diagonal FOV of 70°, it is not always possible to achieve total internal reflection in both the ⁇ x and ⁇ y directions.
- FIG. 21A shows the characteristics and diffraction images of the RGB guided light in Example 3
- FIG. 21B shows the characteristics and diffraction images of the G guided light in Example 3.
- FIG. The type and pitch of the diffraction grating in Example 1 and the refractive index of the light guide substrate 11 at each wavelength are as shown in FIG.
- the diagonal FOV of the incident light is 65°
- the field of view is 0.6
- the aspect ratio of the incident image is 16:9.
- the half angle in the x direction is 29.0° and the half angle in the y direction is 17.3°.
- the NA diagram of FIG. 21A shows a diffraction image when RGB light is vertically incident on the incoupling grating 121 (labeled “first grating” in the drawing) and the outcoupling grating 123 (labeled “second grating” in the drawing). Notation) is a diffraction image when RGB light is vertically incident.
- Both the first grating and the second grating are one-dimensional diffraction gratings with line and space patterns, but the directions in which the grating patterns extend are orthogonal to each other between the first grating and the second grating.
- the incident FOV is diffracted into the total reflection propagation area in the +x and -x directions for all of RGB.
- the incident FOV in all of RGB diffracts in the +y and -y directions into the total internal reflection propagation region.
- the grating pitches of the in-coupling grating 121 and the out-coupling grating 123 are set to pitches that realize the diffraction of this NA diagram.
- the diagonal FOV of the incident light is 100°
- the field of view is 1.2
- the aspect ratio of the incident image is 16:9.
- the half angle in the x direction is 46.1° and the half angle in the y direction is 30.3°.
- the NA diagram of FIG. 21B shows a diffraction image when the G light is vertically incident on the incoupling grating 121 (labeled “first grating” in the drawing) and the outcoupling grating 123 (labeled “second grating” in the drawing). ) is a diffraction image when G light is vertically incident on the substrate.
- first grating labeled “first grating” in the drawing
- second grating is a diffraction image when G light is vertically incident on the substrate.
- the diffraction image of the second grating both the plus FOV and the minus FOV diffract in the ⁇ y directions into the total internal reflection propagation region.
- a single-layer light guide substrate 11 can be used to extend the diagonal FOV up to 100° for G light. However, even if the R light or the B light is perpendicularly incident on the second grating with a diagonal FOV of 100°, it is not always possible to achieve total internal reflection in both the ⁇ x and ⁇ y directions.
- FIG. 22A shows the RGB guided light characteristics and the diffraction image of Example 4
- FIG. 22B shows the G light guided characteristics and the diffraction image of Example 4.
- FIG. The type and pitch of the diffraction grating in Example 4 and the refractive index of the light guide substrate 11 at each wavelength are as shown in FIG.
- the diagonal FOV of the incident light is 85°
- the field of view is 0.9
- the aspect ratio of the incident image is 16:9.
- the half angle in the x direction is 38.6° and the half angle in the y direction is 24.2°.
- the NA diagram of FIG. 22A shows a diffraction image when RGB light is vertically incident on the incoupling grating 121 (labeled as "first grating” in the drawing) and the outcoupling grating 123 (labeled as "second grating” in the drawing). Notation) is a diffraction image when RGB light is vertically incident.
- Both the first grating and the second grating are two-dimensional diffraction gratings having rectangular unit gratings.
- all RGB FOVs diffract into the all-reflective propagation region In the y-axis direction, all RGB FOVs diffract into the all-reflective propagation region.
- the grating pitches of the in-coupling grating 121 and the out-coupling grating 123 are set to pitches that realize the diffraction of this NA diagram. With this lattice design, it is possible to reproduce RGB images without vignetting at a diagonal FOV of 85° using a single-layer light guide substrate 11 .
- the diagonal FOV of incident light is 110°
- the field of view is 1.4
- the aspect ratio of the incident image is 16:9.
- the half angle in the x direction is 51.2° and the half angle in the y direction is 35.0°.
- the NA diagram of FIG. 21B shows a diffraction image when the G light is vertically incident on the incoupling grating 121 (labeled “first grating” in the drawing) and the outcoupling grating 123 (labeled “second grating” in the drawing). ) is a diffraction image when G light is vertically incident on the substrate.
- G is diffracted into the total reflection propagation region in each of the ⁇ x and ⁇ y directions.
- the G light is diffracted into the total reflection propagation region in the ⁇ x and ⁇ y directions.
- a single-layer light guide substrate 11 can be used to extend the diagonal FOV to 110° at least for G light.
- R light or B light is perpendicularly incident on the first grating or the second grating with a diagonal FOV of 110°, total internal reflection is realized in both the ⁇ x direction and the ⁇ y direction. is not limited.
- the display device 100 using the light guide element 10 may be linked with a smart phone, a notebook personal computer (PC), or the like.
- a display screen of a smartphone or a notebook PC may be set to a working field of view with a diagonal FOV of 55°, and an indirect field of view with a diagonal FOV of 70° or more may be set around the working field of view.
- a simple monochromatic image or information may be displayed in the indirect field of view as long as it does not interfere with daily activities.
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Abstract
Description
前記回折層は、前記導光基板に入射した入射光を前記導光基板内にインカプリングする第1回折格子と、前記導光基板を伝搬した全反射光を前記導光基板の外へアウトカプリングする第2回折格子と、を有し、
前記第1回折格子は、450nm±20nm帯に含まれる第1波長と、530nm±20nm帯に含まれる第2波長と、630nm±20nm帯に含まれる第3波長の少なくとも一つの波長において、前記導光基板の法線方向を含む60°以上の角度範囲で前記入射光をインカプリングし、
前記第2回折格子は、前記少なくとも一つの波長において、前記法線方向を含む60°以上の角度範囲で前記全反射光をアウトカプリングする。
図2A~図2Cで、導光基板11は、インカプリングされた光を、アウトカプリング位置まで全反射で伝搬させる。導光基板11の屈折率が高いほど、全反射導光できる角度範囲が大きくなる。導光基板11のd線(波長587.56nm)における屈折率ndは、2.05よりも大きい(nd>2.05)。d線における屈折率ndが2.05よりも大きいガラス組成として、図2Dに示す組成が挙げられる。屈折率ndが2.08よりも大きい場合は、より高FOVの設計が容易になる。また、入射光を最小限の損失でアウトカプリングするために、λ1、λ2、λ3いずれにおいても内部透過率が高いことが好ましい。短波長の光の方が吸収による透過率ロスが大きいので、波長450nmの光における導光基板11の厚さ10mm当たりの内部透過率を90%以上、より好ましくは95%以上に設定してもよい。波長450nmの光における導光基板11の内部透過率が95%以上のガラス組成として、表1の組成が挙げられる。
図5~図7は、導光素子10の格子設計例を示す。図5は、インカプリング格子121aとアウトカプリング格子123aがともに、1次元回折格子であるライン&スペースパターンを有する構成例である。図5の(A)は、インカプリングが1軸方向の回折で、この例では、+x方向への回折を利用する例である。図2Aから図2Cを参照して説明したように、インカプリング格子121aで+x方向に回折されたRGB光は、拡張格子122で-y方向に方向変換され、アウトカプリング格子123から55°以上のFOVで出射される。RGB光のうちのひとつの波長に着目すると、60°以上、好ましくは65°以上、より好ましくは、70°以上のFOVで光が出射される。
図8は、実施例と比較例の格子形状と光学特性を示す。格子形状には、格子パターンの種類と、x方向及びy方向の格子ピッチが含まれる。光学特性として、λ1、λ2、及びλ3の具体的な波長、λ3における導光基板11の屈折率、入力像のx方向とy方向のアスペクト比、及び、対角FOVを示す。対角FOVの正接(tangent)と水平FOVの正接と垂直FOVの正接の関係は、投影像のアスペクト比の対角とx方向とy方向の関係で表される。例えば4:3のアスペクト比の像を投影することを考えると、対角FOVと水平FOVと垂直FOVのそれぞれの正接の比は、√(4^2+3^2)により、5:4:3となる。図7の(B)のように、±1次方向への回折を利用する構成には、「±1次利用」と注釈をつけている。
比較例1では、実施例1及び2と同じ導光基板11(λ3における屈折率2.08)を用いているが、インカプリング格子121とアウトカプリング格子123の両方に、単位格子が正方格子の2次元回折格子を用いる。インカプリング格子121とアウトカプリング格子123のそれぞれで、x方向及びy方向の格子ピッチは310nmである。この場合も、±1次方向の回折を利用する。比較例1で、λ2における対角FOVは70°よりも小さく、λ1、λ2、及びλ3のすべてにおける導波最大FOVは、55°よりも小さい。実施例1、及び実施例2と同じ高屈折率の導光基板11を用いながらも、アスペクト比が16:9の入力像に対して単位格子が正方格子の2次元回折格子を用いたことで、実施例1~3と比較して、対角FOVが小さくなっている。
比較例2では、特許文献3に記載されている鉛フリー、ヒ素フリーの光学ガラスを導光基板として用いる。この光学ガラスの組成(モル%)は、以下のとおりである。GeO3 :30.9Bi2O3:25.0B2O3:15.9ZnO :10.0SiO2:8.0Li2O:5.0BaO :5.0Sb2O3:0.1
比較例3では、比較例2と同じ光学ガラス基板を用いる。光学ガラス基板のλ3における屈折率は1.99、d線に対する屈折率ndは、1.91~2.05(1.91≦nd≦2.05)である。比較例3では、インカプリング格子121とアウトカプリング格子123の双方にライン&スペースパターンを用いる。インカプリング格子121のx方向のピッチは360nm、アウトカプリング格子123のy方向のピッチは360nmである。比較例3で、λ2における対角FOVは60°よりも小さく、λ1、λ2、及びλ3のすべてにおける導波最大FOVは、35°よりも小さい。d線における屈折率ndが2.05以下の導光基板11を用い、かつ、インカプリング格子121とアウトカプリング格子123の両方にライン&スペースパターンを用いた場合、表示装置100に求められるFOV値を実現できない。
比較例4では、回折層12にTa2O5を用いる。導光基板11は、比較例2、及び比較例3で用いた特許文献3の鉛フリー、ヒ素フリーの光学ガラス基板である。この組み合わせでは、回折層12の屈折率は高いが、導光基板11の各波長での屈折率が2.05以下であり、屈折率差が大きくなる。屈折率差は、波長450nmで0.18、波長532nmで0.14、波長633nmで0.11と、いずれも0.1を超える。
比較例5では、回折層12にZrO2を用いる。導光基板11は、比較例4と同じく、特許文献3の鉛フリー、ヒ素フリーの光学ガラス基板である。この組み合わせでも、回折層12の屈折率は高いが、導光基板11の各波長での屈折率が2.05以下であり、屈折率差が大きくなる。屈折率差は、波長450nmで0.15、波長532nmで0.16、波長633nmで0.16と、いずれも0.1を超える。
図12~図14は、NAダイアグラムとFOVの設計を説明する図である。図12の(A)は、横軸をx方向の開口数NAx、縦軸をy方向の開口数NAyとするNAダイアグラムである。内側の円と、外側の円の間のドーナツ状の領域が、導光基板11内を全反射で光が伝搬できる領域である。内側の円は、臨界角でのNAを表し、外側の円は、最大伝搬角でのNAを表す。
nin×sinθin + mλ/Λ=nout×sinθout
という関係になる。
対角FOVをFOVdiag
水平方向+側FOVをFOVx+ (符号は正)
水平方向-側FOVをFOVx- (符号は正)
垂直方向+側FOVをFOVy+ (符号は正)
垂直方向-側FOVをFOVy- (符号は正)
投影される像のアスペクト比がAx:Ay
の映像を投影する場合、導光基板11のλ3での屈折率をn_λ3としたときに、少なくともアウトカプリング格子が長方格子を単位格子とする2次元回折格子であり、x方向、y方向それぞれのピッチΛx、Λyが以下の式を満たす長方格子である場合に、RGBでFOV55°以上かつ視認性も良い光学素子の設計が可能となる。
(λ3/Λx)2+sin(FOVy+)2≦(n_λ3)2
(λ3/Λx)2+sin(FOVy-)2≦(n_λ3)2 (1)
(λ3/Λx)2+sin(FOVy+)2≦(n_λ3)2
(λ3/Λx)2+sin(FOVy-)2≦(n_λ3)2 (2)
λ3/Λy+sin(FOVy-)≦(n_λ3)
(λ3/Λy+sin(FOVy-))2+sin(FOVx+)2≦(n_λ3)2
(λ3/Λy+sin(FOVy-))2+sin(FOVx-)2≦(n_λ3)2 (3)
=Ax/(Ax2+Ay2)1/2・tan(FOVdiag/2) (4)
tan(((FOVy+)+(FOVy-))/2)
=Ay/(Ax2+Ay2)1/2・tan(FOVdiag/2) (5)
FOVdiag≧55° (6)
図19Aは、実施例1のRGB導光の特性と回折像を示し、図19Bは、実施例1のG導光の特性と回折像を示す。実施例1の回折格子の種類及びピッチと、導光基板11の各波長での屈折率は、図8に示したとおりである。図19AのRGB導光において、入射光の対角FOVは55°、視野率は0.5、入射像のアスペクト比は16:9である。x方向の半角は24.4°、y方向の半角は14.3°である。
図20Aは、実施例2のRGB導光の特性と回折像を示し、図20Bは、実施例2のG導光の特性と回折像を示す。実施例2の回折格子の種類及びピッチと、導光基板11の各波長での屈折率は、図8に示したとおりである。図20AのRGB導光において、入射光の対角FOVは55°、視野率は0.5、入射像のアスペクト比は16:9である。x方向の半角は24.4°、y方向の半角は14.3°である。
図21Aは、実施例3のRGB導光の特性と回折像を示し、図21Bは、実施例3のG導光の特性と回折像を示す。実施例1の回折格子の種類及びピッチと、導光基板11の各波長での屈折率は、図8に示したとおりである。図21AのRGB導光において、入射光の対角FOVは65°、視野率は0.6、入射像のアスペクト比は16:9である。x方向の半角は29.0°、y方向の半角は17.3°である。
図22Aは、実施例4のRGB導光の特性と回折像を示し、図22Bは、実施例4のG導光の特性と回折像を示す。実施例4の回折格子の種類及びピッチと、導光基板11の各波長での屈折率は、図8に示したとおりである。図22AのRGB導光において、入射光の対角FOVは85°、視野率は0.9、入射像のアスペクト比は16:9である。x方向の半角は38.6°、y方向の半角は24.2°である。
11 導光基板
12 回折層
121、121a、121b インカプリング格子(第1回折格子)
122 拡張格子
123、123a、123b アウトカプリング格子(第2回折格子)
100 表示装置
110 プロジェクタ
120 支持体
Claims (15)
- 単層の導光基板と、
前記導光基板に形成された回折層と、
を有し、
前記回折層は、前記導光基板に入射した入射光を前記導光基板内にインカプリングする第1回折格子と、前記導光基板を伝搬した全反射光を前記導光基板の外へアウトカプリングする第2回折格子と、を有し、
前記第1回折格子は、450nm±20nm帯に含まれる第1波長と、530nm±20nm帯に含まれる第2波長と、630nm±20nm帯に含まれる第3波長の少なくとも一つの波長において、前記導光基板の法線方向を含む60°以上の角度範囲で前記入射光をインカプリングし、
前記第2回折格子は、前記少なくとも一つの波長において、前記法線方向を含む60°以上の角度範囲で前記全反射光をアウトカプリングする、導光素子。 - 前記第1回折格子は、前記第1波長、前記第2波長、及び前記第3波長のいずれにおいても、前記法線方向を含む55°以上の共通の角度範囲で前記入射光をインカプリングし、
前記第2回折格子は、前記第1波長、前記第2波長、及び前記第3波長のいずれにおいても、前記法線方向を含む55°以上の共通の角度範囲で前記全反射光をアウトカプリングする、請求項1に記載の導光素子。 - 前記導光基板の波長450nmの光における厚さ10mm当たりの内部透過率は95%以上である、請求項1または2に記載の導光素子。
- 前記導光基板は、等方性の単結晶基板、または光学軸が前記導光基板の法線方向の±4°以内の一軸性結晶基板である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の導光素子。
- 前記導光基板は、d線における屈折率が2.05よりも大きい、
請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の導光素子。 - 前記導光基板の組成は、酸化物基準のモル%にて母組成の合計を100%としたとき、Bi2O3の含有量が20%~50%、TeO2の含有量が10%~35%含有する
(1)Bi2O3-TeO2系ガラス、あるいは、La2O3の含有量が10%~40%、B2O3の含有量が10%~35%含有する(2)La2O3-B2O3系ガラスを
である請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の導光素子。 - 前記導光基板はBi2O3を20%以上含み、Bi2O3-TeO2-Nb2O5-TiO2-Ta2O5-WO3 を55mol%以上含む、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の導光素子。
- 前記導光基板は、TiO2、SrTiO3、KTaO3、LiNbO3、SiC、またはダイヤモンドの基板である、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の導光素子。
- 前記回折層は、ZrO2、HfO2、Ta2O5、Nb2O5、TeO2、MoO3、WO3、TiO2、SiN、SiON、SnO、ITO、Al2O3、Y2O3、AlN、MgO、または、これらのうちの2以上の混合物で形成されている、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の導光素子。
- 前記回折層の前記第3波長における屈折率は、前記導光基板の前記第3波長における屈折率よりも大きく、前記第3波長における前記回折層と前記導光基板の屈折率差は0.1以下である、請求項9に記載の導光素子。
- 前記第2回折格子は単位格子を長方格子とする2次元回折格子であり、前記導光基板から前記第2回折格子に前記第1波長、前記第2波長、及び前記第3波長の光を垂直入射させたときに、(±1、0)次、または(0,±1)次の回折光が、いずれの波長においても前記導光基板内を全反射導光する格子ピッチを有する、請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の導光素子。
- 前記第2回折格子は、単位格子を長方格子とする2次元回折格子であり、前記導光基板から前記第2回折格子に、前記第1波長、前記第2波長、前記第3波長のいずれかの光を垂直入射させたときに、(±1,±1)次の回折光が前記導光基板内を全反射導光する格子ピッチを有する、請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の導光素子。
- 前記第1回折格子は単位格子を長方格子とする2次元回折格子であり、前記導光基板から前記第1回折格子に、前記第1波長、前記第2波長、及び前記第3波長の光を垂直入射させたときに、(±1,0)次の回折光、または(0,±1)次の回折光が、いずれの波長においても前記導光基板内を全反射導光する格子ピッチを有する、請求項1~12のいずれか1項に記載の導光素子。
- 前記第1回折格子は、単位格子を長方格子とする2次元回折格子であり、前記導光基板から前記第1回折格子に前記第1波長、前記第2波長、前記第3波長のいずれかの光を垂直入射させたときに、(±1,±1)次の回折光が前記導光基板内を全反射導光する格子ピッチを有する、請求項1~12のいずれか1項に記載の導光素子。
- 請求項1~14のいずれか1項に記載の導光素子と、
プロジェクタと、
を備え、前記プロジェクタから投射された光が前記導光素子に入射して、前記第2回折格子から出射される、表示装置。
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US20210124108A1 (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2021-04-29 | Facebook Technologies, Llc | Display waveguide with a high-index layer |
WO2021085271A1 (ja) * | 2019-10-31 | 2021-05-06 | 日本電気硝子株式会社 | 光学ガラス板 |
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US20210124108A1 (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2021-04-29 | Facebook Technologies, Llc | Display waveguide with a high-index layer |
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