WO2022234733A1 - 正極合剤層およびリチウムイオン二次電池 - Google Patents
正極合剤層およびリチウムイオン二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022234733A1 WO2022234733A1 PCT/JP2022/013041 JP2022013041W WO2022234733A1 WO 2022234733 A1 WO2022234733 A1 WO 2022234733A1 JP 2022013041 W JP2022013041 W JP 2022013041W WO 2022234733 A1 WO2022234733 A1 WO 2022234733A1
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- positive electrode
- vol
- mixture layer
- electrode mixture
- oxide
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Classifications
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- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0561—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
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- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1391—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0068—Solid electrolytes inorganic
- H01M2300/0071—Oxides
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a positive electrode mixture layer and a lithium ion secondary battery.
- a positive electrode mixture comprising a composite obtained by combining an active material comprising a compound comprising Li, Ni, Mn, Co and O with a solid electrolyte comprising an oxide having a garnet structure containing Li, La and Zr, and a binder. Layers are known from US Pat.
- the present invention was made to solve this problem, and an object of the present invention is to provide a positive electrode mixture layer and a lithium ion secondary battery that can improve the charge-discharge cycle life.
- the positive electrode material mixture layer of the present invention comprises an active material, a solid electrolyte and a binder, the active material comprising a compound containing Li, Ni, Mn, Co and O, and the solid electrolyte comprising Li , La and Zr.
- the positive electrode mixture layer further contains an ionic liquid containing imidazolium cations and sulfonylimide anions.
- the ratio of the number of Ni atoms to the total number of atoms of Li, Ni, Mn, Co, and O present in one molecule of the compound is 12.5% or less, and the amount of oxide relative to the positive electrode mixture layer is 1-25 vol%.
- the lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention includes the positive electrode material mixture layer.
- the positive electrode mixture layer of the present invention contains an ionic liquid
- a liquid-solid interface is formed between the compound and the oxide.
- the ratio of the number of Ni atoms to the total number of atoms of Li, Ni, Mn, Co, and O present in one molecule of the compound is 12.5% or less, and the amount of oxide relative to the positive electrode mixture layer is 1 to 25 vol %, the basicity of compounds and oxides is weakened, and the decomposition of imidazolium cations contained in the ionic liquid can be reduced. Since the resistance of lithium ions moving through the liquid-solid interface between the compound and the oxide is kept low, the charge/discharge cycle life of the positive electrode mixture layer and the lithium ion secondary battery can be improved.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a lithium ion secondary battery in one embodiment
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a lithium ion secondary battery (hereinafter referred to as "secondary battery") 10 according to one embodiment.
- the secondary battery 10 according to the present embodiment is a solid battery in which a power generation element is solid.
- the fact that the power generation element is solid means that the skeleton of the power generation element is solid, and does not exclude, for example, a form in which the skeleton is impregnated with a liquid.
- the secondary battery 10 includes a positive electrode layer 11, an electrolyte layer 14 and a negative electrode layer 15 in this order.
- the positive electrode layer 11, the electrolyte layer 14 and the negative electrode layer 15 are housed in a case (not shown).
- the positive electrode layer 11 is composed of a current collecting layer 12 and a positive electrode material mixture layer 13 superimposed on each other.
- the current collection layer 12 is a member having conductivity. Examples of the material of the current collecting layer 12 include metals selected from Ni, Ti, Fe and Al, alloys containing two or more of these elements, stainless steel, and carbon materials.
- the positive electrode mixture layer 13 contains a solid electrolyte, an active material, an ionic liquid, and a binder. In order to lower the resistance of the positive electrode mixture layer 13, the positive electrode mixture layer 13 may contain a conductive aid. Carbon black, acetylene black, ketjen black, carbon fiber, Ni, Pt and Ag are exemplified as conductive aids.
- the solid electrolyte includes an oxide 18 having a garnet type structure containing Li, La, Zr and O and having lithium ion conductivity.
- the oxide 18 is exemplified by Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 in which the pentavalent M cation in the basic composition is replaced with a tetravalent cation.
- the oxide 18 has a crystal structure of, for example, a cubic system (space group Ia-3d (- indicates an overline indicating rotation operation), JCPDS: 84-1753). Oxide 18 exhibits basicity.
- the oxide 18 includes Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, V, Ga, Sr, Y, Nb, Sn, Sb, Ba, Hf, Ta, W, Bi, Rb and lanthanoids in addition to Li, La and Zr. It can contain at least one element selected from the group consisting of (excluding La). For example , Li6La3Zr1.5W0.5O12 , Li6.15La3Zr1.75Ta0.25Al0.2O12 , Li6.15La3Zr1.75Ta0 .
- the oxide 18 particularly contains at least one of Mg and element A (A is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ca, Sr and Ba), and the molar ratio of each element is from (1) to ( A material that satisfies all of 3) or a material that contains both Mg and the element A and has a molar ratio of each element that satisfies all of the following (4) to (6) is preferable.
- the element A is preferably Sr because it increases the ionic conductivity of the oxide 18 .
- the median diameter of the equivalent circle diameter of the oxide 18 appearing in the cross section of the positive electrode mixture layer 13 is preferably 0.5 to 10 ⁇ m or less. This is because the surface area of the oxide 18 is set to an appropriate size, and the amount of lithium ions transferred between the oxide 18 and the ionic liquid having lithium ion conductivity intervening on the surface of the oxide 18 is ensured.
- the oxide 18 appearing on the cross section of the positive electrode mixture layer 13 (a polished surface or a surface obtained by irradiation with a focused ion beam (FIB)) is observed with a scanning electron microscope.
- the equivalent circle diameter is calculated from the area of each particle of the oxide 18, and the volume-based particle size distribution is determined.
- the median diameter is the circle equivalent diameter at which the integrated value of the frequency in the particle size distribution is 50%.
- the image for obtaining the particle size distribution has an area of 400 ⁇ m 2 or more in the positive electrode mixture layer 13 in order to ensure accuracy.
- the active material (reactive material) contained in the positive electrode mixture layer 13 contains a compound 19 containing Li, Ni, Mn, Co and O.
- compound 19 the ratio of the number of Ni atoms to the total number of atoms of Li, Ni, Mn, Co and O present in one molecule of compound 19 is 12.5% or less. This is to weaken the basicity of compound 19.
- Compound 19 is exemplified by a compound represented by the chemical formula LiNiaMnbCocMxO2 .
- M is selected from Mg, Ti, Nb, Fe, Cr, Si, Al, Ga, V, Zn, Cu, Sr, Mo, Zr, Sn, Ta, W, La, Ce, Pb, Bi and Ge.
- represents one or more elements that are a, b, c, and x are 0.3 ⁇ a ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.7, 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.7, 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.3 and 3a+3b+3c+(valence of M) ⁇ x Indicates a number that satisfies 3. However, a/(3+a+b+c) ⁇ 0.125.
- Compound 19 includes LiNi 1/3 Mn 1/3 Co 1/3 O 2 , LiNi 0.2 Mn 0.4 Co 0.4 O 2 , LiNi 0.5 Mn 0.3 Co 0.2 O 2 , LiNi 0.33Mn0.33Co0.31Mg0.03O2 and LiNi0.33Mn0.33Co0.31Zn0.03O2 are exemplified . _ _ _ _ _
- a coating layer can be provided on the surface of the compound 19 for the purpose of suppressing the reaction between the compound 19 and the oxide 18 .
- the coating layer is Al2O3 , ZrO2 , LiNbO3 , Li4Ti5O12 , LiTaO3 , LiNbO3 , LiAlO2 , Li2ZrO3 , Li2WO4 , Li2TiO3 , Li2B4 O7 , Li3PO4 and Li2MoO4 are exemplified .
- the active materials include inverse spinel oxides such as LiNiVO4 , LiCoPO4 , LiCoVO4 , LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 , LiMn2O4 , and LiCo0.3Ni0.7 .
- Spinel type oxides such as O2
- olivine type oxides such as Fe2 ( SO4 ) 3 and LiFePO4
- layered oxides such as LiCoO2 and Li1 +x (Fe,Mn,Co) 1- xO2 .
- the amount of the active material other than compound 19 is 0 vol % or more and less than 50 vol % with respect to the total volume of the active material including compound 19 .
- the electrolyte salt is dissolved in the ionic liquid contained in the positive electrode mixture layer 13 .
- Ionic liquids are compounds composed of cations and anions, and are liquid at normal temperature and pressure. Since the ionic liquid in which the electrolyte salt is dissolved constitutes the electrolytic solution, the flame retardancy of the electrolytic solution can be improved.
- Various physical properties and functions of the electrolytic solution are determined by the types and salt concentrations of the electrolytic salt and ionic liquid.
- the electrolyte salt is a compound used for exchange of cations between the positive electrode layer 11 and the negative electrode layer 15 .
- Electrolyte salts are, for example, lithium salts.
- Anions of electrolyte salts include halide ions (I ⁇ , Cl ⁇ , Br ⁇ etc.), SCN ⁇ , BF 4 ⁇ , BF 3 (CF 3 ) ⁇ , BF 3 (C 2 F 5 ) ⁇ , PF 6 ⁇ , ClO 4 ⁇ , SbF 6 ⁇ , N(SO 2 F) 2 ⁇ , N(SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 ⁇ , N(SO 2 C 2 F 5 ) 2 ⁇ , B(C 6 H 5 ) 4 ⁇ , B ( O2C2H4 ) 2- , C ( SO2F ) 3- , C ( SO2CF3 ) 3- , CF3COO- , CF3SO2O- , C6F5SO2O
- Sulfonylimides are preferred. This is because the sulfonylimide anion has little effect of increasing the viscosity of the electrolytic solution and decreasing the ionic conductivity even when the salt concentration is high.
- N(SO 2 F) 2 — is abbreviated as [FSI] ⁇ : bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide anion
- N(SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 — is abbreviated as [TFSI] ⁇ : bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide.
- an anion is sometimes called an anion.
- the ionic liquid is preferably one that uses imidazolium as a cation species.
- the imidazolium cation is, for example, a compound represented by formula (1).
- R 1 to R 5 each independently represent a hydrogen group or an alkyl group.
- the alkyl group may have a substituent.
- the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group (including substituents) represented by R 1 -R 5 is preferably 1-10, more preferably 1-5, still more preferably 1-4. This is to ensure the ionic conductivity of the electrolytic solution.
- Substituents include alkyl groups, cycloalkyl groups, aryl groups, hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups, nitro groups, trifluoromethyl groups, amide groups, carbamoyl groups, ester groups, carbonyloxy groups, cyano groups, halogeno groups, alkoxy groups, Examples include an aryloxy group and a sulfonamide group.
- Sulfonylimide is suitable for the anionic species of the ionic liquid.
- the sulfonylimide anions are exemplified by N(SO 2 F) 2 ⁇ , N(SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 ⁇ , N(SO 2 C 2 F 5 ) 2 ⁇ , N(SO 2 C 4 F 9 ) 2 ⁇ and the like. be done.
- Ionic liquids are exemplified by 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (EMI-FSI) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (EMI-TFSI). .
- An ionic liquid containing an imidazolium cation and a sulfonylimide anion and in which an electrolyte salt is dissolved is preferable because high ionic conductivity can be ensured.
- the lithium ion concentration of the electrolytic solution is preferably 1 mol/dm 3 or more, more preferably 3 mol/dm 3 or more. This is to ensure ion conductivity while expanding the oxidation-side potential window of the electrolyte contained in the positive electrode mixture layer 13 . It is assumed that this is due to the interaction between the oxide 18 and the electrolyte.
- an electrolytic solution with a lithium ion concentration of 3 mol/dm 3 or more even if all solvent molecules are coordinated to Li + , the stable solvation state of Li + cannot be 4-coordination, so coordination by a counter anion, A so-called ionic association is formed.
- the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of the electrolytic solution decreases and the oxidation potential increases. Since all solvent molecules are coordinated with Li + , the increase in the oxidation potential of the electrolytic solution appears as an effect of widening the oxidation-side potential window of the positive electrode mixture layer 13 .
- the amount of the oxide 18 with respect to the positive electrode mixture layer 13 is preferably 1-25 vol%, more preferably 3-15 vol%. This is because the oxide 18 ensures the lithium ion conductivity, suppresses the basicity of the positive electrode mixture layer 13 due to the oxide 18, and reduces the decomposition of the ionic liquid.
- the amount of compound 19 with respect to the positive electrode mixture layer 13 is preferably 40-85 vol%, more preferably 40-70 vol%. This is to ensure the discharge capacity of the secondary battery 10 and the low internal resistance of the positive electrode mixture layer 13 .
- the amount of the ionic liquid relative to the positive electrode mixture layer 13 is preferably 3-35 vol%, more preferably 10-30 vol%. This is to ensure a low internal resistance of the positive electrode mixture layer 13 and reduce the occurrence of seepage of the ionic liquid from the positive electrode mixture layer 13 .
- the amount (vol%) of the oxide 18, the compound 19 and the ionic liquid relative to the positive electrode mixture layer 13 is determined by freezing the positive electrode mixture layer 13 or embedding the positive electrode mixture layer 13 in a tetrafunctional epoxy resin or the like. After hardening, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was performed on a randomly selected 5000-fold field of view from the cross section of the positive electrode mixture layer 13 (a polished surface or a surface obtained by irradiation with a focused ion beam (FIB)). Analyze and determine using SEM equipped with instrument (EDS).
- EDS SEM equipped with instrument
- the distribution of La, Zr, Ni, and S is specified, and the contrast of the backscattered electron image is analyzed to specify the areas of the oxide 18, the compound 19, and the ionic liquid, and the positive electrode mixture layer 13.
- the area ratio in the cross section is regarded as the volume ratio in the positive electrode mixture layer 13 to obtain the amounts (vol %) of the oxide 18 , the compound 19 and the ionic liquid.
- the binder contained in the positive electrode mixture layer 13 is not particularly limited as long as it is a polymer that binds the oxide 18 and the compound 19 .
- binders include fluorinated resins, polyolefins, rubber-like polymers such as styrene-butadiene rubber, polyimides, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, and cellulose ethers.
- fluorinated resins examples include fully fluorinated resins, partially fluorinated resins, and fluorinated resin copolymers.
- a fully fluorinated resin is exemplified by polytetrafluoroethylene.
- Partially fluorinated resins are exemplified by polychlorotrifluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, and polyvinyl fluoride.
- Fluorinated resin copolymers include tetrafluoroethylene/perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene/hexafluoropropylene copolymer, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, and ethylene/chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer. Polymers are exemplified.
- vinylidene fluoride polymer is not particularly limited as long as it contains —CH 2 CF 2 —.
- Vinylidene fluoride-based polymers are exemplified by vinylidene fluoride homopolymers and copolymers of vinylidene fluoride and copolymerizable monomers.
- Copolymerizable monomers include halogen-containing monomers (excluding vinylidene fluoride) and non-halogen copolymerizable monomers.
- Halogen-containing monomers are exemplified by chlorine-containing monomers such as vinyl chloride; and fluorine-containing monomers such as trifluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, and perfluoroalkylvinyl ether.
- non-halogen copolymerizable monomers examples include olefins such as ethylene and propylene; acrylic monomers such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, esters or salts thereof; and vinyl monomers such as acrylonitrile, vinyl acetate, and styrene.
- One or more of the copolymerizable monomers are polymerized to vinylidene fluoride to form a copolymer.
- the amount (vol%) of the binder with respect to the positive electrode mixture layer 13 is preferably 10 vol% or less (excluding 0 vol%). This is because the binder ensures the moldability and handleability of the positive electrode mixture layer 13 and reduces the decrease in ion conductivity of the positive electrode mixture layer 13 due to the inclusion of the binder.
- the amount (vol %) of the binder with respect to the positive electrode mixture layer 13 is assumed to be the same as the area ratio of the binder in the cross section of the positive electrode mixture layer 13 obtained by the SEM-EDS analysis as described above.
- the positive electrode mixture layer 13 contains an oxide 18 (solid electrolyte), a compound 19 (active material), an electrolyte salt, an ionic liquid, and a binder.
- Ionic liquids contain imidazolium cations and sulfonylimide anions. Since the ionic liquid (electrolyte) in which the electrolyte salt is dissolved is interposed between the oxide 18 and the compound 19, a liquid-solid interface is formed between the oxide 18 and the compound 19.
- the ionic liquid is decomposed and the ionic conductivity of the electrolytic solution is lowered.
- the ratio of the number of Ni atoms to the total number of atoms of Li, Ni, Mn, Co, and O present in one molecule of compound 19 is 12.5% or less, and the positive electrode mixture layer 13 Since the amount of the oxide 18 is 1-25 vol %, the base of the positive electrode mixture layer 13 can be weakened. Since the decomposition of the imidazolium cations contained in the electrolyte can be reduced, the resistance of lithium ions moving across the liquid-solid interface between the oxide 18 and the compound 19 can be kept low. Therefore, the charge/discharge cycle life of the positive electrode mixture layer 13 can be improved.
- the electrolyte layer 14 contains a solid electrolyte 20 .
- the solid electrolyte 20 is exemplified by an oxide system, a sulfide system, and a hydride system.
- the oxide system is exemplified by perovskite type, NASICON type, LISICON type, and garnet type.
- sulfide-based materials include glasses and glass-ceramics such as thiolysicone type, Li 10 GeP 2 S 12 type, aldirodite type, Li 7 P 3 S 11 type, and Li 2 SP 2 S 5 type.
- the hydride system is an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydride containing at least one Group 13 element of the Group 18 Periodic Table of Elements (e.g., B, Al, Ga, In, Ta). exemplified. Examples include LiBH 4 and LiAlH 4 . Solid electrolyte 20 contains one or more of these.
- the current collection layer 16 is a member having conductivity.
- Examples of the material of the collector layer 16 include metals selected from Ni, Ti, Fe, Cu and Si, alloys containing two or more of these elements, stainless steel, and carbon materials.
- the negative electrode mixture layer 17 contains a solid electrolyte 20 and an active material 21 .
- the negative electrode mixture layer 17 may contain a conductive aid.
- Carbon black, acetylene black, ketjen black, carbon fiber, Ni, Pt and Ag are exemplified as conductive aids.
- the active material 21 is exemplified by Li, Li—Al alloy, Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 , graphite, In, Si, Si—Li alloy, and SiO.
- the electrolyte layer 14 and the negative electrode mixture layer 17 may contain an electrolytic solution and a binder.
- the secondary battery 10 is manufactured, for example, as follows. A mixture of an ionic liquid in which an electrolyte salt is dissolved and a solid electrolyte 20 is mixed with a solution in which a binder is dissolved to prepare a slurry. After forming the tape, it is dried to obtain a green sheet (electrolyte sheet) for the electrolyte layer 14 .
- Compound 19 is mixed with a mixture of ionic liquid in which electrolyte salt is dissolved and oxide 18, and then a solution in which a binder is dissolved is mixed to make a slurry. After forming a tape on the current collecting layer 12 , it is dried to obtain a green sheet (positive electrode sheet) for the positive electrode layer 11 .
- the active material 21 is mixed with the mixture of the ionic liquid in which the electrolyte salt is dissolved and the solid electrolyte 20, and then the solution in which the binder is dissolved is mixed to make a slurry.
- a green sheet (negative electrode sheet) for the negative electrode layer 15 is obtained by forming a tape on the current collecting layer 16 and drying it.
- the positive electrode sheet, electrolyte sheet, and negative electrode sheet After cutting the electrolyte sheet, positive electrode sheet, and negative electrode sheet into predetermined shapes, the positive electrode sheet, electrolyte sheet, and negative electrode sheet are stacked in this order and crimped together to integrate.
- a terminal (not shown) is connected to each of the current collecting layers 12 and 16 and sealed in a case (not shown) to obtain the secondary battery 10 including the positive electrode layer 11, the electrolyte layer 14 and the negative electrode layer 15 in this order.
- a binder solution was obtained by dissolving polyvinylidene fluoride as a binder in dimethyl carbonate.
- Example 1 Active material (compound) LiNi 1/3 Mn 1/3 Co 1/3 O 2 (hereinafter referred to as “NMC111”), solid electrolyte (oxide) Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 , electrolytic solution and conductive aid ( Carbon fibers) were weighed and mixed in a mortar, and then mixed with a binder solution to obtain a slurry. After the slurry was applied onto an aluminum foil, it was dried under reduced pressure at 90° C. for 1 hour to obtain a positive electrode layer in which a 30 ⁇ m-thick positive electrode mixture layer was laminated on a current collecting layer.
- the ratio of the number of Ni atoms to the total number of atoms of Li, Ni, Mn, Co and O present in one molecule of NMC111 was 8.3%.
- the proportions of the compound, oxide, electrolytic solution, conductive aid and binder in the positive electrode mixture layer were 67 vol%, 3 vol%, 20 vol%, 1 vol% and 9 vol%, respectively.
- An active material naturally graphite
- a solid electrolyte Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 an electrolytic solution and a conductive aid (carbon fiber) were weighed and mixed in a mortar, and then a binder solution was added to obtain a slurry. rice field. After coating the slurry on the copper foil, it was dried under reduced pressure at 90° C. for 1 hour to obtain a negative electrode layer in which a negative electrode mixture layer having a thickness of 40 ⁇ m was laminated on a current collecting layer.
- the proportions of the active material, solid electrolyte, electrolytic solution, conductive aid and binder in the negative electrode mixture layer were 65 vol%, 6 vol%, 20 vol%, 1 vol% and 8 vol%, respectively.
- a solid electrolyte Li7La3Zr2O12 and an electrolytic solution were weighed , mixed in a mortar, and then mixed with a binder solution to obtain a slurry. After coating the slurry on a synthetic resin film, it was dried under reduced pressure at 90° C. for 1 hour to obtain an electrolyte layer having a thickness of 50 ⁇ m.
- the proportions of the solid electrolyte, electrolytic solution and binder in the electrolyte layer were 62 vol %, 29 vol % and 9 vol %, respectively.
- Example 1 After cutting the positive electrode layer, the negative electrode layer and the electrolyte layer into a predetermined size, the electrolyte layer from which the film was removed was pasted between the positive electrode mixture layer and the negative electrode mixture layer, and then sealed in an aluminum laminate film. , the cell in Example 1 was obtained. The above operations were performed in an Ar atmosphere.
- Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1, except that the proportions of the positive electrode mixture layer compound, oxide, electrolytic solution, conductive aid, and binder were set to 65 vol%, 5 vol%, 20 vol%, 1 vol%, and 9 vol% in that order. A cell in Example 2 was obtained.
- Example 3 In the same manner as in Example 1, except that the proportions of the positive electrode mixture layer compound, oxide, electrolytic solution, conductive aid, and binder were set to 60 vol%, 10 vol%, 20 vol%, 1 vol%, and 9 vol%, respectively. A cell in Example 3 was obtained.
- Example 4 In the same manner as in Example 1, except that the proportions of the positive electrode mixture layer compound, oxide, electrolytic solution, conductive aid, and binder were set to 55 vol%, 15 vol%, 20 vol%, 1 vol%, and 9 vol%, respectively. A cell in Example 4 was obtained.
- Example 5 In the same manner as in Example 1, except that LiNi 0.5 Mn 0.3 Co 0.2 O 2 (hereinafter referred to as “NMC532”) was used as the active material (compound) of the positive electrode mixture layer, got a cell.
- the ratio of the number of Ni atoms to the total number of Li, Ni, Mn, Co and O atoms present in one molecule of NMC532 was 12.5%.
- Example 6 In the same manner as in Example 1, except that the proportions of the positive electrode mixture layer compound, oxide, electrolytic solution, conductive aid, and binder were set to 69 vol%, 1 vol%, 20 vol%, 1 vol%, and 9 vol%, respectively. A cell in Example 6 was obtained.
- Example 7 In the same manner as in Example 1, except that the proportions of the positive electrode mixture layer compound, oxide, electrolytic solution, conductive aid, and binder were set to 50 vol%, 20 vol%, 20 vol%, 1 vol%, and 9 vol%, respectively. A cell in Example 7 was obtained.
- Example 8 In the same manner as in Example 1, except that the proportions of the positive electrode mixture layer compound, oxide, electrolytic solution, conductive aid, and binder were set to 45 vol%, 25 vol%, 20 vol%, 1 vol%, and 9 vol%, respectively. A cell in Example 8 was obtained.
- Example 9 Example except that the compound of the positive electrode mixture layer was NMC532, and the ratios of the compound, oxide, electrolytic solution, conductive aid and binder were set to 45 vol%, 25 vol%, 20 vol%, 1 vol% and 9 vol% in order. A cell in Example 9 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Comparative example 1 In the same manner as in Example 1, except that the proportions of the positive electrode mixture layer compound, oxide, electrolytic solution, conductive aid, and binder were set to 70 vol%, 0 vol%, 20 vol%, 1 vol%, and 9 vol% in that order. A cell in Comparative Example 1 was obtained.
- Comparative example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1, except that the proportions of the positive electrode mixture layer compound, oxide, electrolytic solution, conductive aid, and binder were set to 40 vol%, 30 vol%, 20 vol%, 1 vol%, and 9 vol%, respectively. A cell in Comparative Example 2 was obtained.
- Comparative Example 3 Example except that the compound of the positive electrode mixture layer was NMC532, and the ratios of the compound, oxide, electrolytic solution, conductive aid and binder were set to 40 vol%, 30 vol%, 20 vol%, 1 vol% and 9 vol% in order.
- a cell in Comparative Example 3 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the active material (compound) of the positive electrode mixture layer is LiNi 0.6 Mn 0.2 Co 0.2 O 2 (hereinafter referred to as “NMC622”), and further compound, oxide, electrolytic solution, conductive aid and binder.
- a cell in Comparative Example 4 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the ratios were set to 69 vol%, 1 vol%, 20 vol%, 1 vol% and 9 vol% in order.
- the ratio of the number of Ni atoms to the total number of atoms of Li, Ni, Mn, Co and O present in one molecule of NMC622 was 15.0%.
- the active material (compound) of the positive electrode mixture layer is LiNi 0.8 Mn 0.1 Co 0.1 O 2 (hereinafter referred to as “NMC811”), and further compound, oxide, electrolytic solution, conductive aid and binder.
- a cell in Comparative Example 5 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the ratios were set to 69 vol%, 1 vol%, 20 vol%, 1 vol% and 9 vol% in order.
- the ratio of the number of Ni atoms to the total number of atoms of Li, Ni, Mn, Co and O present in one molecule of NMC811 was 20.0%.
- the active material (compound) of the positive electrode mixture layer is LiNi 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2 (hereinafter referred to as “NCA”), and further compound, oxide, electrolytic solution, conductive aid and binder.
- a cell in Comparative Example 6 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the ratios were set to 69 vol%, 1 vol%, 20 vol%, 1 vol% and 9 vol% in order. The ratio of the number of Ni atoms to the total number of atoms of Li, Ni, Co, Al and O present in one molecule of NCA was 20.0%.
- Table 1 shows the abbreviations and ratios (vol%) of the compounds contained in the positive electrode mixture layer, and the number of Ni atoms with respect to the total number of Li, Ni, Mn, Co and O atoms present in one molecule of the compound.
- the ratio (%) of the number, the ratio (vol%) of the oxide in the positive electrode mixture layer, and the determination of the capacity retention rate are described.
- the determination of the capacity retention rate was A for the cell in Example 1-5, B for the cell in Example 6-9, and C for the cell in Comparative Example 1-6.
- the ratio of Ni atoms in one molecule of the compound is 12.5%, but in Comparative Examples 4-6, the ratio of Ni atoms in one molecule of the compound is 15% or more. do.
- the basicity of the compound was strengthened, the cations in the electrolyte were decomposed, and the resistance of lithium ions moving across the interface between the compound and the oxide during charging and discharging gradually increased, and the capacity retention rate increased. is presumed to have decreased.
- the basicity of the compound was weakened, and the decomposition of cations in the electrolytic solution was reduced.
- Examples 8 and 9 have an oxide ratio of 25 vol %, but Comparative Examples 2 and 3 differ in that the oxide ratio is 30 vol %.
- Comparative Examples 2 and 3 since the proportion of the oxide is high, the basicity is enhanced, the cations of the electrolyte contained in the positive electrode mixture layer are decomposed, and the interface between the compound and the oxide is exposed to lithium during charging and discharging. It is presumed that the resistance of ions to move gradually increased and the capacity retention rate decreased.
- Examples 8 and 9 the basicity was weakened, and the decomposition of cations in the electrolytic solution was reduced.
- Example 1 Comparing Example 1 (judgment A) and Comparative Example 1 (judgment C), both agree that the ratio of Ni atoms in one molecule of the compound is 8.3%.
- Example 1 contains 3 vol % of oxide, but Comparative Example 1 differs in that no oxide is contained.
- the decomposition of the electrolytic solution was suppressed by the 3 vol % oxide, and it is assumed that the capacity retention rate was higher than in Comparative Example 1.
- Example 1-5 Comparing Example 1-5 (judgment A) with Example 6-9 (judgment B), the ratio of Ni atoms in one molecule of the compound is 8.3-12.5%. match.
- Examples 1-5 have an oxide ratio of 3-15 vol %, but Examples 6-9 differ in that the oxide ratio is less than 3 vol % or more than 15 vol %.
- the ratio of oxides was 3-15 vol %, it is presumed that the decomposition of the electrolytic solution was suppressed by the oxides, resulting in a higher capacity retention rate than in Examples 6-9.
- a compound containing Li, Ni, Mn, Co and O a garnet structure oxide containing Li, La and Zr, an ionic liquid containing an imidazolium cation and a sulfonylimide anion, and a binder wherein the ratio of the number of Ni atoms to the total number of atoms of Li, Ni, Mn, Co and O present in one molecule of the compound is 12.5% or less, It was found that the charge/discharge cycle life can be improved when the oxide ratio is 1 to 25 vol %.
- the secondary battery 10 includes a positive electrode layer 11 having a positive electrode mixture layer 13 provided on one side of a current collecting layer 12 and a negative electrode layer having a negative electrode mixture layer 17 provided on one side of a current collecting layer 16.
- 15 has been described, but it is not necessarily limited to this.
- a secondary battery having an electrode layer (a so-called bipolar electrode) in which a positive electrode mixture layer 13 and a negative electrode mixture layer 17 are provided on both sides of a current collecting layer 12. is. If the bipolar electrodes and the electrolyte layers 14 are alternately laminated and housed in a case (not shown), a secondary battery having a so-called bipolar structure can be obtained.
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Abstract
Description
(1)1.33≦Li/(La+A)≦3
(2)0≦Mg/(La+A)≦0.5
(3)0≦A/(La+A)≦0.67
(4)2.0≦Li/(La+A)≦2.5
(5)0.01≦Mg/(La+A)≦0.14
(6)0.04≦A/(La+A)≦0.17
イオン液体1-エチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウム ビス(フルオロスルホニル)イミド(EMI-FSI)に、電解質塩LiN(SO2F)2を3mol/dm3複合し、電解液を得た。
ポリフッ化ビニリデンをバインダーとして炭酸ジメチルに溶かしてバインダー溶液を得た。
活物質(化合物)LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2(以下「NMC111」と称す)、固体電解質(酸化物)Li7La3Zr2O12、電解液および導電助剤(炭素繊維)を秤量し、それらを乳鉢で混合した後、さらにバインダー溶液を混合してスラリーを得た。アルミニウム箔の上にスラリーを塗工した後、90℃で1時間減圧乾燥して、厚さ30μmの正極合剤層が集電層に積層された正極層を得た。NMC111の分子1つの中に存在するLi,Ni,Mn,Co及びOの各原子の数の合計に対するNi原子の数の割合は8.3%であった。正極合剤層における化合物、酸化物、電解液、導電助剤およびバインダーの割合は、順に67vol%,3vol%,20vol%,1vol%,9vol%であった。
正極合剤層の化合物、酸化物、電解液、導電助剤およびバインダーの割合を、順に65vol%,5vol%,20vol%,1vol%,9vol%とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして、実施例2におけるセルを得た。
正極合剤層の化合物、酸化物、電解液、導電助剤およびバインダーの割合を、順に60vol%,10vol%,20vol%,1vol%,9vol%とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして、実施例3におけるセルを得た。
正極合剤層の化合物、酸化物、電解液、導電助剤およびバインダーの割合を、順に55vol%,15vol%,20vol%,1vol%,9vol%とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして、実施例4におけるセルを得た。
正極合剤層の活物質(化合物)をLiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2(以下「NMC532」と称す)にした以外は、実施例1と同様にして、実施例5におけるセルを得た。NMC532の分子1つの中に存在するLi,Ni,Mn,Co及びOの各原子の数の合計に対するNi原子の数の割合は12.5%であった。
正極合剤層の化合物、酸化物、電解液、導電助剤およびバインダーの割合を、順に69vol%,1vol%,20vol%,1vol%,9vol%とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして、実施例6におけるセルを得た。
正極合剤層の化合物、酸化物、電解液、導電助剤およびバインダーの割合を、順に50vol%,20vol%,20vol%,1vol%,9vol%とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして、実施例7におけるセルを得た。
正極合剤層の化合物、酸化物、電解液、導電助剤およびバインダーの割合を、順に45vol%,25vol%,20vol%,1vol%,9vol%とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして、実施例8におけるセルを得た。
正極合剤層の化合物をNMC532にし、さらに化合物、酸化物、電解液、導電助剤およびバインダーの割合を、順に45vol%,25vol%,20vol%,1vol%,9vol%とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして、実施例9におけるセルを得た。
正極合剤層の化合物、酸化物、電解液、導電助剤およびバインダーの割合を、順に70vol%,0vol%,20vol%,1vol%,9vol%とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして、比較例1におけるセルを得た。
正極合剤層の化合物、酸化物、電解液、導電助剤およびバインダーの割合を、順に40vol%,30vol%,20vol%,1vol%,9vol%とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして、比較例2におけるセルを得た。
正極合剤層の化合物をNMC532にし、さらに化合物、酸化物、電解液、導電助剤およびバインダーの割合を、順に40vol%,30vol%,20vol%,1vol%,9vol%とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして、比較例3におけるセルを得た。
正極合剤層の活物質(化合物)をLiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2(以下「NMC622」と称す)にし、さらに化合物、酸化物、電解液、導電助剤およびバインダーの割合を、順に69vol%,1vol%,20vol%,1vol%,9vol%とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして、比較例4におけるセルを得た。NMC622の分子1つの中に存在するLi,Ni,Mn,Co及びOの各原子の数の合計に対するNi原子の数の割合は15.0%であった。
正極合剤層の活物質(化合物)をLiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2(以下「NMC811」と称す)にし、さらに化合物、酸化物、電解液、導電助剤およびバインダーの割合を、順に69vol%,1vol%,20vol%,1vol%,9vol%とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして、比較例5におけるセルを得た。NMC811の分子1つの中に存在するLi,Ni,Mn,Co及びOの各原子の数の合計に対するNi原子の数の割合は20.0%であった。
正極合剤層の活物質(化合物)をLiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2(以下「NCA」と称す)にし、さらに化合物、酸化物、電解液、導電助剤およびバインダーの割合を、順に69vol%,1vol%,20vol%,1vol%,9vol%とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして、比較例6におけるセルを得た。NCAの分子1つの中に存在するLi,Ni,Co,Al及びOの各原子の数の合計に対するNi原子の数の割合は20.0%であった。
実施例および比較例におけるセルの充放電試験を室温で行った。試験は、端子電圧が充電上限電圧(3.6V)に達するまで0.1Cレートの定電流でセルに充電し、0.1Cレートの定電流で放電した。これを1サイクルとして10サイクル繰り返した。1サイクル時点の放電容量に対する10サイクル時点の放電容量の割合(容量維持率)が99%以上をA、容量維持率が95%以上99%未満をB、容量維持率が95%未満をCと判定した。
13 正極合剤層
18 酸化物
19 化合物
Claims (3)
- 活物質、固体電解質およびバインダーを含み、
前記活物質は、Li,Ni,Mn,Co及びOを含む化合物を含み、
前記固体電解質は、Li,La及びZrを含むガーネット型構造の酸化物を含む正極合剤層であって、
イミダゾリウムカチオン及びスルホニルイミドアニオンを含むイオン液体をさらに含み、
前記化合物の分子1つの中に存在するLi,Ni,Mn,Co及びOの各原子の数の合計に対するNi原子の数の割合は12.5%以下であり、
前記正極合剤層に対する前記酸化物の量は1-25vol%である正極合剤層。 - 前記正極合剤層に対する前記酸化物の量は3-15vol%である請求項1記載の正極合剤層。
- 請求項1又は2に記載の正極合剤層を含むリチウムイオン二次電池。
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JP2019175830A (ja) | 2017-05-29 | 2019-10-10 | 太平洋セメント株式会社 | リチウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質複合体又はナトリウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質複合体、これらを用いた二次電池、並びにこれらの製造方法 |
JP2020038771A (ja) * | 2018-09-03 | 2020-03-12 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 固体電池用正極活物質層 |
JP2020113444A (ja) * | 2019-01-11 | 2020-07-27 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 全固体電池用の正極活物質層 |
WO2021033424A1 (ja) * | 2019-08-22 | 2021-02-25 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | 蓄電デバイス用電極および蓄電デバイス |
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JP2019175830A (ja) | 2017-05-29 | 2019-10-10 | 太平洋セメント株式会社 | リチウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質複合体又はナトリウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質複合体、これらを用いた二次電池、並びにこれらの製造方法 |
JP2020038771A (ja) * | 2018-09-03 | 2020-03-12 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 固体電池用正極活物質層 |
JP2020113444A (ja) * | 2019-01-11 | 2020-07-27 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 全固体電池用の正極活物質層 |
WO2021033424A1 (ja) * | 2019-08-22 | 2021-02-25 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | 蓄電デバイス用電極および蓄電デバイス |
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