WO2022234091A1 - Dispositif de détection du potentiel solaire et ses procédés de fabrication et d'utilisation - Google Patents

Dispositif de détection du potentiel solaire et ses procédés de fabrication et d'utilisation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022234091A1
WO2022234091A1 PCT/EP2022/062293 EP2022062293W WO2022234091A1 WO 2022234091 A1 WO2022234091 A1 WO 2022234091A1 EP 2022062293 W EP2022062293 W EP 2022062293W WO 2022234091 A1 WO2022234091 A1 WO 2022234091A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
signal processing
processing device
measuring cell
cell
operating state
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2022/062293
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Christian Braun
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. filed Critical Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V.
Priority to EP22727915.5A priority Critical patent/EP4335029A1/fr
Publication of WO2022234091A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022234091A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S50/00—Monitoring or testing of PV systems, e.g. load balancing or fault identification

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for recording the solar potential with at least one measuring cell and at least one signal processing device in a time- and location-resolved manner. Furthermore, the invention relates to methods for producing and using such devices. Finally, the invention relates to a plurality of such devices.
  • a device for detecting the light intensity is known from US 2010/0045971 A1, which uses one or more solar cells as a measuring cell.
  • the output power of the solar cells is fed to a signal processing device.
  • the signal processing device generates a visually perceptible output signal that represents the light intensity via one or more light-emitting diodes.
  • This known device has the disadvantage that the intensity of incident light can only be read very imprecisely in rough steps. In addition, the device does not record the location or time of the measurement. These would have to be noted manually by the user. However, there is a need to record the amount of usable solar radiation energy along traffic routes. Furthermore, there is a need not only to record this data in a spatially resolved manner, but also to record changes over the course of the day or year. Knowing this data allows the possible yield of vehicle-mounted photovoltaic modules to be determined along predefinable routes and/or travel times. Proceeding from the state of the art, the object of the present invention is to record the amount of usable solar radiation energy along traffic routes as a function of the time of day and/or year.
  • the measuring cell used according to the invention can be a photovoltaic cell with a first connection contact and a second connection contact.
  • the photovoltaic cell can be a CuInS 2 cell, or a silicon cell, or an InGaAs cell, or a perovskite cell, or a tandem cell.
  • a tandem cell can be a perovskite/Si cell or another cell made of two materials with different band gaps.
  • the photovoltaic cell can provide electrical energy in a manner known per se via rear side and/or front side contacts.
  • the electrical voltage generated here can be between about 0.3 and 0.5 volts or between about 0.4 and about 0.5 volts.
  • the electrical voltage generated by the measuring cell can be essentially independent of the radiation intensity, with the electrical current provided by the measuring cell increasing as a function of the incoming radiation intensity or amount of light.
  • the light entry surface of the photovoltaic cell used as the measuring cell can have a length and/or a width of approximately 1 cm to approximately 5 cm or from approximately 2 cm to approximately 4 cm or from approximately 1 cm to about 4 cm. Accordingly, in some embodiments of the invention, the area is between approximately 1 cm 2 and approximately 16 cm 2 or between approximately 4 cm 2 and approximately 8 cm 2 .
  • the first and second connection contacts of the photovoltaic cell are each connected to the contacts of a measuring resistor.
  • the measuring resistor can have a value from about 0.01 to about 1 W or from about 0.02 to about 0.1 W.
  • the low value of the measuring resistor means that the photovoltaic cell is operated close to the short-circuit point.
  • the voltage generated by the photovoltaic cell remains essentially constant.
  • the voltage drop across the measuring resistor is therefore proportional to the current supplied by the photovoltaic cell, which is a measure of the light intensity radiating onto the photovoltaic cell. Since the power loss of the measuring resistor is low, the device can be easily cooled.
  • An amplifier can be provided to detect the electrical voltage drop across the measuring resistor.
  • the amplifier can have a high-impedance input, for example in the form of at least one field effect transistor and/or at least one operational amplifier. Due to the high-impedance input of the amplifier, its input is almost without current, so that a falsification of the measured value is avoided. At the output of the amplifier, an electrical signal representing the irradiation of the measuring cell is available, which can then be further processed.
  • the device according to the invention has at least one micromechanical acceleration sensor.
  • the acceleration sensor can be used to optimize the measurement data for detection, for example by reducing the measurement interval when the device is in motion or increasing it when the device is stationary.
  • the transmission frequency of an electronic data transmission can also be controlled or regulated as a function of the measured values of the acceleration sensor.
  • the measurement or transmission interval can be selected as a function of the speed.
  • a speed can be determined by integrating the acceleration values.
  • the speed data can be integrated again in order to determine the location of the device according to the invention starting from a starting point.
  • the micromechanical acceleration sensor can be a multi-axis acceleration sensor, which can determine an acceleration in two or three directions, for example. As a result, the location and the speed can be determined with greater accuracy.
  • the signal processing device and/or at least one component connected thereto can have at least one first operating state and at least one second operating state, with the number of executable functions being reduced in the second operating state compared to the first operating state and the energy consumption being reduced.
  • the service life of the battery in the device can be increased, since the full range of functions is only available and the full energy consumption occurs when the device is actually being moved.
  • the number of executable functions in the second operating state which can also be referred to as the energy-saving state, can be reduced to such an extent that the components only monitor the use of the device in order to switch back to the first operating state.
  • the operating state can be switched over by the micromechanical acceleration sensor, which then switches to the second operating state if no acceleration is registered during a specifiable time and which switches to the first operating state when acceleration is registered again for the first time.
  • the signal processing means may include an amplifier with adjustable gain.
  • the signal processing device can contain an amplifier whose gain can be adjusted between approximately 35 dB and approximately 40 dB.
  • the signal processing device can contain an amplifier whose gain can be adjusted between approximately 22 dB and approximately 27 dB or between approximately 24 dB and approximately 25 dB.
  • the measuring cell can also contain a temperature sensor which is in thermal contact with the photovoltaic cell. It is known that photovoltaic cells deliver lower yields in the form of a lower output current due to the phonon scattering that occurs at higher temperatures. According to the invention, it was therefore recognized that the measuring accuracy of the device can be further increased if the temperature of the photovoltaic cell is detected and the measured values obtained from the photovoltaic cell are normalized to the temperature.
  • the temperature sensor can be a thermal resistor, for example of the PT100 or PT1000 type. In other embodiments of the invention, the temperature sensor can be a semiconductor sensor or a thermocouple.
  • the device can contain additional sensors in order in this way to record and store or transmit additional measured variables as a function of location and time.
  • the device contains at least one solar module for supplying electrical energy to the device.
  • the device can contain an optional battery or an accumulator, which also enables the device to be operated when the solar module used for the energy supply does not deliver sufficient output power due to the weather conditions. Due to the solar energy supply, the device according to the invention can be operated completely independently and maintenance-free, without the user having to worry about regular battery changes or charging cycles.
  • the signal processing device may further include a location determination device.
  • the location determination device can be, for example, a satellite navigation system, for example GPS and/or GLONASS and/or Galileo.
  • several location determination devices can also be present in order to increase the accuracy of the location determination and/or the speed of the location determination.
  • the signal processing means may further include an A/D converter. This enables the digitization of the data supplied by the amplifier, the irradiation of the measuring cell representative measured value. This can then be further processed digitally, for example by writing to a database, storing in a memory or transmission via a computer network, in particular a wireless one.
  • the signal processing device may further include a time recording device.
  • the time recording device can determine the time, for example by means of a local oscillator and/or a DCF77 receiver and/or satellite navigation, and store this together with the measured value representing the irradiation and optionally the location of the measurement.
  • the signal processing means may include a radio modem.
  • the radio modem can be set up to send the measured values recorded by the device via a computer network to a central database for further processing and evaluation.
  • the radio modem can be operated bidirectionally. This makes it possible to receive control data which, for example, affect the frequency of measurement, the time of data transmission, the operating state of the device or other control or regulation tasks.
  • the signal processing device can contain a micromechanical acceleration sensor.
  • the data from the acceleration sensor can be used to control or regulate the respective operating state of the device. For example, readings may be taken closer together when the device is in motion and more distantly when the device is at rest.
  • the data from the acceleration sensor can be used to put the device into a stand-by mode in the event of a longer standstill.
  • the data of the Acceleration sensor are used by integration to determine the speed and location of the device even if a satellite-based Ortsbe mood is not possible, for example when driving in tunnels or in narrow valleys.
  • a plurality of the devices described above are used in order to simultaneously acquire measured values from different traffic routes and/or at different times.
  • the plurality of devices may include, for example, between about 50 and about 500, or between about 100 and about 200 individual devices.
  • the measured values can be recorded in parallel with a large number of devices at different locations and/or at different times and can nevertheless be compared with one another.
  • the measuring cell can be irradiated with a light flash for calibration, the duration of which is between approximately 1 ms and approximately 30 ms and which has a light spectrum corresponding to AirMass AMI.5.
  • the AirMass is a relative measure of the length of the path that the sun's light travels through the earth's atmosphere to the ground. Since the light path influences the scattering and absorption of sunlight, the specification is used of the light path also the specification of the spectral composition of the light.
  • the specification AMI,5 designates an angle of incidence of 48° in relation to the vertical.
  • FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a device according to the invention for detecting the solar potential in a time- and location-resolved manner.
  • FIG. 2 shows the current/voltage characteristic of a photovoltaic cell.
  • FIG. 3 shows a circuit diagram of an amplifier which can be used in a signal processing device.
  • FIG. 4 shows a view of a device according to the invention.
  • a device 1 for time- and location-resolved detection of the solar potential according to the present invention is explained with reference to the block diagram in FIG.
  • the radiation of the sunlight falling on a predeterminable area is recorded by means of a measuring cell 2 .
  • the measuring cell 2 contains a photovoltaic cell 21 with a first connection contact 211 and a second connection contact 212.
  • the photovoltaic cell 21 can, for example, be a silicon solar cell or contain one. This can have any known design.
  • FIG. 2 shows the current supplied by the photovoltaic cell 21 on the ordinate and the electrical voltage on the abscissa for different intensities of incident radiation.
  • the voltage that can be tapped off at the solar cell 21 is dependent on the semiconductor material. In the case of silicon, this is approximately 0.5 V.
  • the voltage which can be tapped off at the first and second connection contacts 211 and 212 is only slightly dependent on the light input. However, the current increases with higher illuminance.
  • the current supplied by the photovoltaic cell 21 is therefore a measure of the irradiation or the solar potential at the location and at the respective measuring time of the device 1.
  • the first and second connection contacts 211 and 212 of the photovoltaic cell 21 are each connected to the contacts 221 and 222 of a measuring resistor 22 in order to detect the current intensity.
  • the electrical voltage dropping across the measuring resistor 22 is proportional to the current flowing and can be detected by means of the amplifier 31 of the signal processing device 3 .
  • the measuring resistor can have a value between approximately 0.01 W and approximately 1 W or between approximately 0.02 W and 0.1 W. In this case, small resistance values generate only a small amount of power loss, so that the heat dissipation of the device according to the invention can be simplified.
  • FIG. 1 shows an optional temperature sensor 23 which is in thermal contact with the photovoltaic cell 21 .
  • the temperature of the photovoltaic cell 21 can be detected and supplied to the signal processing device 3 .
  • the signal processing device 3 can normalize the recorded measured values to the temperature in order to further increase the accuracy in this way.
  • the signal processing device 3 also optionally contains further elements, for example a location determination device 32, an A/D converter 33, a time recording device 34, a microcontroller 35, a radio modem 36 and/or a micromechanical acceleration sensor 37.
  • the microcontroller 35 can be used to control and monitor the acquisition of measured values by the device 1 .
  • the microcontroller 35 can also have working memory and/or mass storage available, in which the measured values are stored permanently or temporarily.
  • the device can contain a computer program which carries out a method for time- and location-resolved detection of the solar potential when this runs on the microcontroller or a microprocessor.
  • the measured values which are provided by the amplifier 31 and represent the irradiation, can optionally be digitized by means of the A/D converter 33 in order to store them more easily and process them further, for example in a database.
  • the measured values can be transmitted wirelessly via the radio modem 36 via a computer network.
  • the device can optionally contain a location determination device 32 and/or a time recording device 34, for example a satellite navigation system, a local oscillator and/or a DCF77 receiver.
  • a location determination device 32 for example a satellite navigation system, a local oscillator and/or a DCF77 receiver.
  • a time recording device 34 for example a satellite navigation system, a local oscillator and/or a DCF77 receiver.
  • the signal processing device 3 can have two operating states, it being possible for the energy consumption in one operating state to be reduced compared to the other operating state. Switching between the operating states can take place, for example, as a function of the measured values of a micromechanical acceleration sensor 37, so that the device consumes less electrical energy when it is at rest than when it is moving and/or less frequently or not at all when it is at rest Measured values are recorded and the frequency of the measured value recording is increased during movement.
  • the micro-mechanical acceleration sensor 37 can be used to determine the location of the device, starting from the last known location, independently of the satellite navigation system. For this purpose, the acceleration can be recorded in two or three axes. The speed can be determined from this by integration over time. The location can be determined by integrating the speed over time.
  • the device 1 can optionally be supplied with energy via an accumulator 5 and/or via a solar module 4 .
  • the solar module 4 can contain a plurality of solar cells connected in series in order to generate a desired voltage.
  • the electrical current provided in this way can be used to directly operate the signal processing device 3 or to charge the accumulator 5.
  • the amplifier 31 of the signal processing device 3 is explained again below with reference to FIG. Identical components of the invention are provided with the same reference symbols, so that the description can be limited to the essential differences.
  • the amplifier 31 is in the form of an instrumentation amplifier which contains three operational amplifiers.
  • the operational amplifiers OPI and OP3 work as inverting amplifier stages, whereas the operational amplifier OP2 is connected as a subtractor.
  • An amplifier designed in this way exhibits a high level of common-mode rejection with respect to coupled-in stray fields, and as a result enables high measurement accuracy. Since the input stages of the operational amplifiers OPI and OP3 have a high impedance and are therefore almost without current, the amplifier 31 does not affect the voltage drop across the measuring resistor 22, or only to a negligible extent.
  • the amplifier 31 is further characterized in that the amplification can be adjusted by one or more resistors 315 .
  • the photovoltaic cell 21 can be irradiated with a known light intensity and a known light spectrum and the resistance value of the resistor or resistors 315 can be changed until a predetermined measured value is obtained at the output 312 of the amplifier 31 .
  • several devices 1 can be set up and operated in such a way that with the same irradiation, the measured values output at the output 312 of the amplifier 31 differ by no more than 2% or more than 1% or differ by more than 0.5% or more than 0.25%.
  • components of the same technology and tolerance class are used for the measuring resistor 22 and the resistors 315 for setting the gain, so that the measured value at the output 312 of the amplifier 31 is only slightly influenced by temperature drifts.
  • FIG. 4 again shows a view of the device 1.
  • This has a housing 6 which has an entry window 65.
  • the housing 6 can be made of aluminum, plastic or stainless steel, for example. This results in a light and yet weatherproof design of the device 1.
  • the entry window 65 can be covered with a transparent or translucent material, for example polycarbonate, quartz or float glass.
  • the measuring cell 2 in the form of a photovoltaic cell 21 is located behind the entry window 65.
  • a solar module 4, which is used to supply electrical energy to the device 1, is arranged next to it.
  • the measuring cell 2 and the photovoltaic cell 4 can be fixed in the housing in a manner known per se by means of embedding foils.
  • the Embedding films can contain or consist of EVA, for example.

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  • Photometry And Measurement Of Optical Pulse Characteristics (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif (1) pour effectuer une détection à résolution temporelle et spatiale du potentiel solaire au moyen d'au moins une cellule de mesure (2) et d'au moins un dispositif de traitement de signal (3). La cellule de mesure (2) comprend une cellule photovoltaïque (21) pourvue d'un premier contact de connexion (211) et d'un deuxième contact de connexion (212), les premier et deuxième contacts de connexion (211, 212) de la cellule photovoltaïque (21) étant reliés respectivement aux contacts (221, 222) d'une résistance de mesure (22). Le dispositif de traitement de signal (3) est conçu pour détecter la chute de tension électrique aux bornes de la résistance de mesure (22). Le dispositif de traitement de signal (3) contient en outre au moins un capteur d'accélération micromécanique (37). L'invention concerne par ailleurs des procédés de fabrication et d'utilisation de ce dispositif.
PCT/EP2022/062293 2021-05-07 2022-05-06 Dispositif de détection du potentiel solaire et ses procédés de fabrication et d'utilisation WO2022234091A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP22727915.5A EP4335029A1 (fr) 2021-05-07 2022-05-06 Dispositif de détection du potentiel solaire et ses procédés de fabrication et d'utilisation

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102021204642.8 2021-05-07
DE102021204642.8A DE102021204642A1 (de) 2021-05-07 2021-05-07 Vorrichtung zur Erfassung des Solarpotentials sowie Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und Verwendung

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WO2022234091A1 true WO2022234091A1 (fr) 2022-11-10

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PCT/EP2022/062293 WO2022234091A1 (fr) 2021-05-07 2022-05-06 Dispositif de détection du potentiel solaire et ses procédés de fabrication et d'utilisation

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EP (1) EP4335029A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102021204642A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2022234091A1 (fr)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100045971A1 (en) 2008-08-25 2010-02-25 Brokopp Chad E Solar-powered light intensity measurement device
US20110316578A1 (en) * 2008-12-18 2011-12-29 Tahara Electric Co., Ltd. Characteristic measuring device for solar cell
US20200217464A1 (en) * 2019-01-03 2020-07-09 Hiram Tose Ticianelli Solar brick with movement and position sensing and nfc-enabled communication capabilities
CN112271997A (zh) * 2020-11-10 2021-01-26 李有龙 一种基于光伏发电的同步追踪太阳装置以及系统

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE29911357U1 (de) 1999-06-30 1999-12-02 Dienlin Sieghard Solarmeter-Adapter für handelsübliche Digitalmultimeter
DE102013009253A1 (de) 2013-05-31 2014-12-04 Institut Für Solarenergieforschung Gmbh Digitaler Bestrahlungsstärkesensor mit integrierten, zusätzlichen Messgrößen-Aufnehmern
US9513158B2 (en) 2014-09-09 2016-12-06 Harry Michael Dougherty Solar data collection device
DE202018003661U1 (de) 2018-07-25 2018-10-31 Peter Papendorf Solarleistungssensor

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100045971A1 (en) 2008-08-25 2010-02-25 Brokopp Chad E Solar-powered light intensity measurement device
US20110316578A1 (en) * 2008-12-18 2011-12-29 Tahara Electric Co., Ltd. Characteristic measuring device for solar cell
US20200217464A1 (en) * 2019-01-03 2020-07-09 Hiram Tose Ticianelli Solar brick with movement and position sensing and nfc-enabled communication capabilities
CN112271997A (zh) * 2020-11-10 2021-01-26 李有龙 一种基于光伏发电的同步追踪太阳装置以及系统

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DE102021204642A1 (de) 2022-11-10
EP4335029A1 (fr) 2024-03-13

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